[HN Gopher] iPhone flaw exploited by second Israeli spy firm
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       iPhone flaw exploited by second Israeli spy firm
        
       Author : caaqil
       Score  : 442 points
       Date   : 2022-02-03 14:23 UTC (8 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.reuters.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.reuters.com)
        
       | bogwog wrote:
        
       | usui wrote:
       | I had a thought after thinking about the publicity of this second
       | exploit: If Facebook says iOS is causing $10B loss of revenue
       | (https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=30190216) then it would be
       | in their interest to hurt the public's opinion on iPhone
       | privacy/security.
        
         | wolverine876 wrote:
         | Apple has many competitors and others they deal with, who have
         | many motives. Sans evidence, everything is speculation. Drawing
         | a linefrom a potential motive to action is the stuff of
         | fiction.
        
         | smoldesu wrote:
         | Trying to imagine what you're insinuating here is ridiculous,
         | and probably why you said the quiet part out loud (and left the
         | loud part unsaid).
        
         | rchaud wrote:
         | The general public worries about Instagram/Alexa listening to
         | their conversations to presumably show them targeted ads.
         | 
         | NSO spyware isn't on their radar, because they simply aren't
         | important enough to be a target. For dissidents, journalists
         | and diplomats on the other hand, it could be a death sentence.
        
       | rootsudo wrote:
       | Question:
       | 
       | If device is jailbroken, and you apply root limit and other
       | things to break standard features. Would it make it harder to
       | exploit an ios?
       | 
       | I would imagine you can do default hardening like modifying the
       | software version label so when the software queries it will be
       | unable to automatically "arm" itself and apply persistence.
       | 
       | Are there any packages/places where this is already discussed?
       | 
       | If not, then I guess I will pick up some older iphone devices and
       | play along - because it seems to be a great point - I highly
       | doubt there is much sophistication in these malwares and there
       | has to be some sanity checks that make it so that if you are
       | _targetted_ it will not  "reveal" itself.
       | 
       | And of course the basic one of VPN, and forcing to change the DNS
       | servers which the ios devices operates on.
        
         | Gigachad wrote:
         | Any kind of defense would be by chance. You aren't
         | realistically able to "harden" the OS against attacks better
         | than Apple can. Maybe you might be able to confuse some attacks
         | but this would still be basically random luck.
        
       | A4ET8a8uTh0 wrote:
       | I am not sure if it was already covered, but at this point one
       | has to assume that every government that can obtain it, will[1].
       | I do find it odd however that FBI did given some of the more
       | recent revelations about hacks against US using same software.
       | 
       | [1]https://www.jpost.com/international/article-695290
        
       | AtlasBarfed wrote:
       | Is Israel THE go-to haven for security firm and three-letter
       | agencies to arbitrage/bypass surveillance regulations?
       | 
       | If the CIA isn't allowed to do certain things for spying, so ...
       | just have Israel spy on our populace and since we basically fund
       | them and let them spy on us anyway, just make sure their database
       | is open to us?
       | 
       | Where else is there 1) the talent and 2) the relative degree of
       | trust?
       | 
       | There are a lot of stories from my childhood (of debatable
       | ranking on the conspiracy scale) of the dirty pool and awful
       | unconstitutional behavior by the CIA and other agencies.
       | 
       | It is my vague impression that the increased information
       | awareness from the web tempered the bad behavior for a couple
       | decades, but I think the old habits will start reappearing in
       | "cyberspace" once they gain sufficient deniability, and people's
       | live reach a level of "mortal" dependence on it.
        
         | FridayoLeary wrote:
         | Perhaps. But perhaps news outlets are singling out Israel for
         | whatever reason. So i feel quite uncertain.
        
           | bitcharmer wrote:
           | I have the exact opposite observations. Criticising Israel is
           | a big no-no and most media won't cover anything bad about
           | Israel.
        
             | FridayoLeary wrote:
             | I always try and work with the assumption that the media is
             | lying to me. Mainly by omission. These things are owned by
             | private people and/or are run by people with agendas. There
             | has to be limits to their trustworthiness. I salt every
             | news story that gets served up to me.
        
             | keewee7 wrote:
             | >I have the exact opposite observations. Criticising Israel
             | is a big no-no and most media won't cover anything bad
             | about Israel.
             | 
             | There is plenty of criticism of Israel by The Guardian,
             | Washington Post, New York Times, Reuters etc.
             | 
             | It's not the media's fault that the Democratic and
             | Republican party are so pro-Israel.
        
             | wbsss4412 wrote:
             | Criticizing Israel is a big no-no when it comes to certain
             | issues, but I'm not sure it's the case here. In this case
             | they seem to be an easy foil to place the blame upon, when
             | other governments are either doing the same thing or are
             | collaborating with Israel to export the development.
        
           | gruez wrote:
           | What are the other countries that aren't being covered?
        
             | jb12 wrote:
             | For example, Ethiopia literally drone-striked a refugee
             | camp last month and there was almost no media coverage.
             | Compared with the wall to wall breathless coverage of the
             | Gaza conflict last year.
        
               | joecool1029 wrote:
               | You're right, we could really use some more coverage of
               | how terrible Israel treats Ethiopians too. [1][2]
               | 
               | [1] https://forward.com/culture/481124/with-no-land-
               | ethuopian-je...
               | 
               | [2] https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-32813056
        
               | gashmol wrote:
               | You can always cherry pick news items to depict Israel as
               | bad or as good as you want to. But remember, reality is
               | more complex than what's on the news. While there are
               | some terrible mistakes, Israel's treatment of Ethiopian
               | Jews is definitely not terrible.
        
               | joecool1029 wrote:
               | >While there are some terrible mistakes, Israel's
               | treatment of Ethiopian Jews is definitely not terrible.
               | 
               | Our definition of 'not terrible' surely must be
               | different.
               | 
               | I first became aware of the issues this community faces
               | when the news broke last decade about the government
               | sterilizing immigrant Ethiopian women without their
               | knowledge or consent. A matter of record:
               | https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/.premium-ethiopians-
               | fool...
        
               | gashmol wrote:
               | How about the time when Israel rescued some 14,000 people
               | of this community in 36 hours from Addis Ababa just
               | before rebel forces arrived at the city?
               | 
               | Israel made some great things for this community and it
               | made some awful things as well.
               | 
               | My point is that if you get your information only from
               | the news than you are bound to get a biased picture of
               | reality.
        
         | keewee7 wrote:
         | >If the CIA isn't allowed to do certain things for spying, so
         | ... just have Israel spy on our populace
         | 
         | You basically described various "X eyes" programs. Western
         | intelligence services are completely out of control.
         | 
         | My country (Denmark) was involved in a similar program with the
         | NSA:
         | 
         | >Danish intelligence (FE) also helped the US agency to spy on
         | the Danish foreign and finance ministries as well as a Danish
         | weapons manufacturer. The FE also cooperated with the NSA on
         | spying operations against the US government itself.
         | 
         | https://www.dw.com/en/danish-secret-service-helped-us-spy-on...
        
         | jb12 wrote:
         | > Is Israel THE go-to haven for security firm and three-letter
         | agencies to arbitrage/bypass surveillance regulations?
         | 
         | No, why bother going all the way to Israel? They just do it in
         | the US. When have regulations ever made a difference to
         | surveillance?
        
         | 0xedd wrote:
         | Highest Nobel prize per capita. Has an advanced military
         | intelligence arm and released soldiers are great employees for
         | the IT security sector. These two combined create a strong
         | cyber security presence.
         | 
         | Regardless, I don't know what regulations you refer to when the
         | US and China lead the charge on actively spying on the entire
         | world. The US drags down with it many western countries. Which
         | is how the "5 eyes" was created. And no one bats an eyelash.
         | 
         | After the US was exposed for what the NSA did against its
         | allies, no one was persecuted and the Senate was powerless to
         | do anything. All inquires were met with "classified". So, at
         | best, the propaganda over there convinced one person that there
         | are regulations restraining military intelligence and the CIA.
        
           | unfocussed_mike wrote:
           | Also they have (or had) a very high technology export tax;
           | this has the tendency to concentrate certain kinds of
           | development entirely within Israel.
           | 
           | So it's not just that they have a high level of expertise;
           | there is a strong economic disincentive for firms to move
           | tech business out of Israel.
        
             | tguvot wrote:
             | tech firms actually add presence in israel but ip is
             | usually owned by other entities, outside of israel.
             | 
             | usually the biggest problem with ip in israel, it's in case
             | that there was investment into company/development by chief
             | scientist. it comes with a lot of strings attached and
             | requires payoff to transfer ip outside of state
        
           | pthread_t wrote:
           | > Highest Nobel prize per capita
           | 
           | Israel is #11 [0]
           | 
           | [0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_Nobel_
           | lau...
        
             | lostlogin wrote:
             | Interesting list. I think you can ignore the first 2 or 3
             | as places that have one 1 or 2 winners and have a small
             | population skew it.
             | 
             | However that doesn't move Israel up much.
             | 
             | The Scandinavian countries are looking good as per usual.
        
         | snthd wrote:
         | >Where else is there 1) the talent and 2) the relative degree
         | of trust?
         | 
         | https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2013/aug/01/nsa-paid-gch...
         | 
         | >When GCHQ does supply the US with valuable intelligence, the
         | agency boasts about it. In one review, GCHQ boasted that it had
         | supplied "unique contributions" to the NSA during its
         | investigation of the American citizen responsible for an
         | attempted car bomb attack in Times Square, New York City, in
         | 2010.
         | 
         | >No other detail is provided - but it raises the possibility
         | that GCHQ might have been spying on an American living in the
         | US. The NSA is prohibited from doing this by US law.
        
       | temptemptemp111 wrote:
        
       | shmatt wrote:
       | This is comical. Of course more than one person knows about each
       | 0-day at NSO. Maybe they even brought it over from a different
       | place. And they can forward it (for money or ego) to 1000 other
       | people. There truly is no limit, once someone has committed the
       | idea to anyone but themselves
       | 
       | NSO (and the smaller, anonymous companies) are famous for
       | bringing in people from Israeli NSA (8200) or Mossad. Why?
       | They're not just smart, they also have a bank of 0-days in their
       | brains. Even if they're not bringing over actual code, they
       | remember all of the 0-days they were exposed to. There is no way
       | to stop them from "uploading" their knowledge to a new company
       | with a 7 figure compensation package
       | 
       | At some point the UAE figured this out, and Dark Matter opened an
       | office in Cyprus. Offering ex-8200 7 figures (in $) to come build
       | cyber weapons for them, limiting their dependency on NSO and
       | export licenses[1]. The Israeli Govt. was furious but it wasn't
       | illegal to move abroad and work for a foreign country
       | 
       | [1]https://www.themarker.com/technation/.premium-1.7972249 -
       | requires translation to english
        
         | golergka wrote:
         | > NSO (and the smaller, anonymous companies) are famous for
         | bringing in people from Israeli NSA (8200) or Mossad.
         | 
         | Literally every tech company in Israel has people from 8200. I
         | worked at a few mobile game companies, and each had 22 year old
         | kids straight from the 8200.
        
           | thinkingemote wrote:
           | also worth stating that Israel has compulsory military
           | service, so a huge number of computer geeks, like you and me,
           | will get into this service for the mandated time rather than
           | the more physical and distasteful alternatives. It's (i
           | imagine) like an enforced first year MIT cyber security
           | course for the majority of people in that service.
           | 
           | In summary, the label of belonging to them means not that
           | much in reality - rather one should look at length of
           | service, age of entry and any subsequent / previous
           | activities when they leave. (basically like any other
           | cybersecurity job, really)
        
           | shmatt wrote:
           | true, and 8200 is huge, being there doesn't mean much in
           | terms of ability to remotely take over an iPhone
           | 
           | The more accurate description is - these cyber weapon
           | companies bring in the 22 year olds that were building cyber
           | weapons in 8200
           | 
           | Its an elite group of a couple hundred at most. who are then
           | snatched up for their existing knowledge, even if they can't
           | figure out how to find new exploits
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | dc-programmer wrote:
       | This is getting out of hand. Now there are two them!
        
         | paulis wrote:
         | Haha, took me a minute to remember the reference. Great stuff!
        
           | a4isms wrote:
           | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hrYV7wS3JUk
        
         | YaBomm wrote:
        
       | chezzwizz wrote:
       | The only thing that I took from this was NSO Group, blacklisted
       | for selling to foreign governments, demonstrated an iPhone
       | exploit and another reason to stay awake in foreign countries.
       | 
       | in related news: * https://arstechnica.com/tech-
       | policy/2022/02/report-nso-offer... *
       | https://www.techdirt.com/articles/20220121/13492148329/spyin...
        
       | mcoliver wrote:
       | For those who are just being exposed to this stuff, This Is How
       | They Tell Me the World Ends: The Cyberweapons Arms Race by Nicole
       | Perlroth was an entertaining read that covers some of the history
       | in this space.
        
         | jrm4 wrote:
         | My most shocking takeaway from this book was _certainly_
         | discovering the extent to which GOOGLE relied on outsourcing
         | security.
         | 
         | Google. Outsources. Security.
         | 
         | The kind of thing that makes it seem miraculous that any of it
         | is still standing.
        
           | ma2rten wrote:
           | Google certainly does a lot of security in house.
        
             | bhedgeoser wrote:
             | It also stores passwords in plain text. I once got an email
             | from them sayingthat their crawlers found my password
             | somewhere online.
        
               | pbhjpbhj wrote:
               | That conclusion doesn't necessarily follow, fwiw. If you
               | find a password list, then you hash all the passwords and
               | see if any match the hashes you store, now you know if
               | the password found online belonged to someone on your
               | system but at no point did you keep your own system
               | password in plaintext.
               | 
               | Mind you with salt and pepper (roughly, ways to modify
               | the hash and overcome rainbow tables) checking anything
               | other than the very highest frequency passwords found
               | would seem onerous.
        
               | ummonk wrote:
               | They're probably just checking against a stolen passwords
               | list when the user logs in.
        
               | hasty wrote:
               | That doesn't mean it's stored in plain text. They could
               | be storing a nice hash, and then when the crawler finds
               | your email and password on some site some where, it could
               | try to hash it as if you were logging in and see if it
               | matches.
        
               | jart wrote:
               | Do you know how computationally expensive it is to hash
               | passwords?
        
               | hasty wrote:
               | It's computationally expensive to hash every single
               | possible password, but given a proposed login/password
               | combo, it's not expensive to check just the one. If
               | Google, in crawling, finds a dump of several million
               | accounts and their purported passwords, it's not a heavy
               | lift to check each password.
        
               | ummonk wrote:
               | Salting (which they absolutely should be doing precisely
               | to make mass dictionary attacks computationally
               | expensive) would make that infeasible.
               | 
               | More likely they're just checking against the stolen
               | passwords database whenever the user logs in, as
               | passwords are typically submitted in plain text.
        
               | hasty wrote:
               | Salting doesn't matter in this case. They're not finding
               | a list of free-floating passwords and then seeing if
               | anyone has that password; they're finding a list of
               | accounts and associated passwords. So they only have to
               | check that particular combination, just as they would for
               | a regular login.
        
           | guiriduro wrote:
           | Its still standing precisely because the outsourced and
           | likely compromised security is far more useful if it appears
           | to be working than if it collapses in an act of digital
           | vandalism.
        
           | silisili wrote:
           | That I didn't know, interesting.
           | 
           | That said, I cannot recall Google ever having a breach, a la
           | Yahoo, Sony, and basically most other companies. Does that
           | mean everyone else should use who Google is using?
        
             | wolverine876 wrote:
             | They had breaches attributed to China and North Korea,
             | IIRC. The former led to their exit from China.
        
         | drexlspivey wrote:
         | I recommend the darknet diaries episode "The Athens Shadow
         | Games" where the CIA murdered a Greek telecommunications
         | engineer after their wiretapping of the whole Greek cabinate
         | (including the Prime minister and his wife) was exposed.
        
           | belter wrote:
           | EP 64: "The Athens Shadow Games"
           | https://darknetdiaries.com/episode/64/
        
       | someotherperson wrote:
       | Pretty sure this was known since last year[0], although it may be
       | slightly different.
       | 
       | The smaller firms are just alphabet soup remixes of the larger
       | ones. I wouldn't be surprised if they have the same owners, same
       | staff, same offices -- just with a different logo at the top of a
       | second set of business cards.
       | 
       | [0] https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/tech-
       | news/.premium.HIGHL...
        
         | mzs wrote:
         | Nice find, maybe there's something here to how KSA was allowed
         | to continue spying using this tech:
         | https://www.nytimes.com/2022/01/28/magazine/nso-group-israel...
         | 
         | > Years prior, NSO had formed an ethics committee, made up of a
         | bipartisan cast of former U.S. foreign-policy officials who
         | would advise on potential customers. After the Khashoggi
         | killing in 2018, its members requested an urgent meeting to
         | address the stories circulating about NSO involvement. Hulio
         | flatly denied that Pegasus had been used to spy on the
         | Washington Post columnist. Pegasus systems log every attack in
         | case there is a complaint, and -- with the client's permission
         | -- NSO can perform an after-the-fact forensic analysis. Hulio
         | said his staff had done just that with the Saudi logs and found
         | no use of any NSO product or technology against Khashoggi. The
         | committee nonetheless urged NSO to shut off the Pegasus system
         | in Saudi Arabia, and it did. The committee also advised NSO to
         | reject a subsequent request by the Israeli government to
         | reconnect the hacking system in Saudi Arabia, and it stayed
         | off.
         | 
         | > Then, the following year, the company reversed course.
         | Novalpina, a British private-equity firm, acting in cooperation
         | with Hulio, purchased Francisco Partners' shares of NSO, with a
         | valuation of $1 billion -- more than five times more than it
         | was when the American fund acquired it in 2014. In early 2019,
         | NSO agreed to turn the Pegasus system in Saudi Arabia back on.
         | 
         | > Keeping the Saudis happy was important for Netanyahu, who was
         | in the middle of a secret diplomatic initiative he believed
         | would cement his legacy as a statesman -- an official
         | rapprochement between Israel and several Arab states. In
         | September 2020, Netanyahu, Donald Trump and the foreign
         | ministers of the United Arab Emirates and Bahrain signed the
         | Abraham Accords, and all the signatories heralded it as a new
         | era of peace for the region.
         | 
         | > But behind the scenes of the peace deal was a Middle East
         | weapons bazaar. The Trump administration had quietly agreed to
         | overturn past American policy and sell F-35 joint strike
         | fighters and armed Reaper drones to the U.A.E., and had spent
         | weeks assuaging Israel's concerns that it would no longer be
         | the only country in the region with the sophisticated F-35.
         | Pompeo would later describe the aircraft deals in an interview
         | as "critical" to obtaining M.B.Z.'s consent to the historic
         | move. And by the time the Abraham Accords were announced,
         | Israel had provided licenses to sell Pegasus to nearly all the
         | signatories.
         | 
         | > Things hit a snag a month later, when the Saudi export
         | license expired. Now it was up to the Israeli Defense Ministry
         | to decide whether or not to renew it. Citing Saudi Arabia's
         | abuse of Pegasus, it declined to do so. Without the license,
         | NSO could not provide routine maintenance on the software, and
         | the systems were crashing. Numerous calls among Prince
         | Mohammed's aides, NSO executives, the Mossad and the Israeli
         | Defense Ministry had failed to resolve the issue. So the crown
         | prince placed an urgent telephone call to Netanyahu, according
         | to people familiar with the call. He wanted the Saudi license
         | for Pegasus renewed.
         | 
         | > Prince Mohammed had a significant amount of leverage. His
         | ailing father, King Salman, had not officially signed on to the
         | Abraham Accords, but he offered the other signatories his tacit
         | blessing. He also allowed for a crucial part of the agreement
         | to move forward: the use of Saudi air space, for the first time
         | ever, by Israeli planes flying eastward on their way to the
         | Persian Gulf. If the Saudis were to change their mind about the
         | use of their airspace, an important public component of the
         | accords might collapse.
         | 
         | > Netanyahu apparently had not been updated on the brewing
         | crisis, but after the conversation with Prince Mohammed his
         | office immediately ordered the Defense Ministry to have the
         | problem fixed. That night, a ministry official called NSO's
         | operations room to have the Saudi systems switched back on, but
         | the NSO compliance officer on duty rebuffed the request without
         | a signed license. Told that the orders came directly from
         | Netanyahu, the NSO employee agreed to accept an email from the
         | Defense Ministry. Shortly afterward, Pegasus in Saudi Arabia
         | was once again up and running.
         | 
         | > The next morning, a courier from the Defense Ministry arrived
         | at NSO headquarters delivering a stamped and sealed permit.
        
           | DSingularity wrote:
           | Hard not to view these expiration of permits or
           | recommendations of ethical committees as calculated moves to
           | create leverage and to increase valuations. Especially when
           | within 12 months a 5x return on investment is realized
           | followed by an immediate policy reversal or when the Israelis
           | suddenly gain the blessings of the gulf to annex Jerusalem.
           | 
           | What a shame on every computer scientist involved and every
           | one who is an expert in this domain and. Is staying silent.
           | 
           | You know these efforts don't work without the involvement of
           | academics and venture capitalists and skilled programmers.
           | And what did they create? A tool that was used to spy on a
           | dissident journalist in order to put together a savage
           | assassination operation.
           | 
           | Shame on the Saudis and shame on their Israeli enablers.
        
           | pomian wrote:
           | Very interesting comment! Ps(what is MBZ?)
        
             | drc500free wrote:
             | https://www.nytimes.com/2019/06/02/world/middleeast/crown-
             | pr...
        
             | johnyzee wrote:
             | Mohammad Bin Zayed, hereditary ruler of Abu Dhabi (and
             | thus, the United Arab Emirates, which include Dubai).
        
           | shmatt wrote:
           | This Novalpina thing has been creating a lot of drama in the
           | past few weeks. It turns out
           | 
           | 1) The purchase was done as a leveraged purchase, very odd in
           | the Israeli high tech/startup world. maybe even
           | unprecedented. NSO is about to default on said debt
           | 
           | 2) Novalpina are now at odds with Hulio, blaming him on
           | trying to move all of the debt to 3 of the companies
           | "healthy" subsidiaries. Apparently NSO is built like a maze,
           | with lots of smaller companies, some of those aren't on the
           | US ban list, and Hulio is trying to move all of the debt to
           | them. The Israeli courts are now in the mix, trying to figure
           | out who owns what
           | 
           | Unfortunately I couldn't find an article in english, but here
           | is one in Hebrew with the ability to Google Translate
           | 
           | https://www.calcalist.co.il/local_news/article/rksf58atf
        
       | gataca wrote:
       | Why doesn't Apple just buy NSO and use them as an internal
       | defense group?
        
         | ohgodplsno wrote:
         | Having wads of cash doesn't mean you can buy any company
         | without their agreement.
        
           | kadoban wrote:
           | Having a few trillion dollars makes it a little harder to say
           | no to, but yeah this would not make much sense for Apple.
        
         | Sahbak wrote:
         | Pegasus is legally considered a weapon in Israel and I doubt
         | the government will allow it.
        
         | hibernator149 wrote:
         | How could you make sure that you haven't just bought a very
         | expensive Trojan Horse?
        
         | vlozko wrote:
         | Assuming NSO would even allow itself to be purchased, various
         | nations would get involved to prevent it. Too many national
         | security issues on the line for them. If anything, Apple would
         | be better off starting up a new office and try to hire
         | individuals within the NSO Group.
        
           | fortran77 wrote:
           | NSO has changed owners several times. They're now owned by a
           | UK firm called Novalpina Capital.
        
           | rl3 wrote:
           | Whether poached or acquired, NSO employees are almost
           | certainly already under the influence of Israeli security
           | agencies.
           | 
           | If your players in this hypothetical are Apple, NSO, Israel,
           | and USG--each could probably have a pretty convincing list of
           | arguments for and against. I could see it going either way.
        
             | radicaldreamer wrote:
             | If by "under the influence" you mean alumni of. They're
             | similar to the staff of military contractors in the US,
             | roving from company to company to use all the skills they
             | learned on the inside for massive profits privately.
        
         | KoftaBob wrote:
         | NSO seems to essentially be a front for Israel's Mossad
         | intelligence agency. They get to wash their hands of whatever
         | NSO does by saying "hey that wasn't a nation state spying,
         | they're a private company and we'll punish them for you don't
         | worry."
         | 
         | For a more public facing version of this from the CIA, look at
         | their unofficial Venture Capital wing:
         | https://www.iqt.org/about-iqt/
        
           | 0xedd wrote:
           | It's usually ex intelligence that work in such companies.
           | That being said, that's not how the tools work. Data
           | exfiltration wasn't tracked to the vendor.
           | 
           | You must remember the US' interest in spying and conquest is
           | a rather unique trait. Most countries don't go looking for
           | trouble worldwide.
        
         | tut-urut-utut wrote:
         | How would that benefit Apple?
         | 
         | They are already able to spy on their phone users if ordered by
         | the right three letter agency, they don't need NSO/Pegasus for
         | that.
         | 
         | And if they still do so, it would basically be official: "look
         | a phone vendor that develop tools to spy on phone usage". Not a
         | good marketing either.
        
           | mwint wrote:
           | Apple would presumably fix the vulnerabilities, rather than
           | exploit them themselves.
        
             | not2b wrote:
             | And the people at that company who enjoy developing attacks
             | more than they enjoy defending against attacks would just
             | leave and form a new company, that would then sell its
             | attacks to the highest bidder.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | iratewizard wrote:
               | Red team still develops attacks. They just do it directly
               | for the blue team that fixes them.
        
               | not2b wrote:
               | But some people might not decide that this is the career
               | for them. You can't eliminate a threat to iPhone security
               | by buying the company, because you can't enslave its
               | employees.
        
         | mathverse wrote:
         | Because it makes no sense. NSO is just one of the many
         | companies doing offensive netsec.
        
           | core-utility wrote:
           | Not to mention, they're one of many _public_. One has to
           | think that there are many more like NSO that don 't have huge
           | media publicity around them.
        
         | kingcharles wrote:
         | I don't even think NSO is designing these exploits. They are
         | almost certainly buying them in. Apple just needs to outbid
         | NSO.
        
           | fortran77 wrote:
           | I suspect some are sold by disgruntled employees who are
           | disturbed by the internal culture.
        
             | pcwalton wrote:
             | That's a serious accusation to make without evidence.
             | Anyone doing this would rightly face significant jail time.
        
           | pthread_t wrote:
           | > I don't even think NSO is designing these exploits.
           | 
           | That's interesting. Why do you think that?
        
             | kingcharles wrote:
             | NSO, while having the blessing of a nation state, is still
             | a private company, but has access to some very high-end
             | exploits that would almost certainly require a very large
             | team to develop and to keep ahead of the fixes. It is just
             | more likely they are going the cheaper route of buying the
             | exploits and copy/pasting them into their system. This way
             | they can outbid most others as they are reselling the
             | exploits multiple times to many different nations - the
             | other potential buyers, e.g. intelligence services are
             | buying only for themselves and are limited in their
             | budgets.
        
       | smashah wrote:
        
       | ProAm wrote:
        
         | turminal wrote:
         | The closed system is just fancy words for "you don't really own
         | your phone, we do". Doesn't help a tiny bit against the devices
         | getting pwned, if you'll excuse the pun.
        
         | npteljes wrote:
         | Why did you think that?
        
           | smoldesu wrote:
           | Probably because Apple has invested a lot of money in their
           | "Privacy: That's iPhone" advertising campaign, and used the
           | closed nature of the iOS ecosystem to defend their position
           | in the highly popularized Epic Games v. Apple trial.
        
           | lern_too_spel wrote:
           | Because that's how Apple publicly justifies the closed
           | ecosystem. You and I are savvy enough to know that it's
           | hogwash, but you would be surprised by how many people,
           | including technologists, buy that marketing.
        
           | rat9988 wrote:
           | He didn't.
        
         | teejmya wrote:
         | The closed ecosystem prevents this exploit from ending up on
         | the public App Store and infecting devices en mass...
        
           | zibzab wrote:
           | You realize store evaluation is just a PR and is mainly used
           | as a control tool.
           | 
           | I mean, how could something like this happen if there was any
           | real security?
           | 
           | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/XcodeGhost
        
           | caddybox wrote:
           | What makes you feel that malicious apps are the only vector
           | for these exploits. The web is open and iOS users can still
           | download files on their devices. Let's disable file downloads
           | altogether and limit people to an alternative "reviewed" web.
           | 
           | Please don't use the flimsiest of excuses to bootstrap an
           | argument for a more restrictive world.
        
           | moonchrome wrote:
           | Umm if it's zero click why would it need to get on the App
           | Store ? And what does getting something on App Store have to
           | do with the system being open or closed ?
        
             | [deleted]
        
           | smoldesu wrote:
           | The App Store is not the delivery mechanism for this attack,
           | so no.
        
             | nomel wrote:
             | I think the argument is that having a completely open App
             | Store would increase the attack surface, since the average
             | user will click any install icon.
        
               | smoldesu wrote:
               | I think the greater argument to be made is that it
               | doesn't matter, since iOS has had no-click zero-days for
               | longer than it's had an App Store.
        
         | asah wrote:
         | you forgot the /s
        
       | 58x14 wrote:
       | This is unsurprising; the number of individual exploits needed to
       | chain together into a functioning compromise often requires a lot
       | of joint effort.
       | 
       | It's funny this release comes out at the same time as the FBI's
       | disclosure that they "tested" (aka purchased) Pegasus, NSO
       | group's packaged exploit software.
       | https://www.reuters.com/world/us/fbi-says-it-tested-israeli-...
        
         | usmcnapier wrote:
         | It only figures. They do pretty good coverage on it at all at
         | forbiddenstories.org
        
       | gostsamo wrote:
       | What are the chances that they bought the vulnerability from the
       | same place? Finding something like that at the same time if it
       | was there for awhile is rather suspect.
        
         | kryptiskt wrote:
         | It could be reverse-engineered too if they got their hand on an
         | exploited phone, but these firms don't seem to offer any
         | defensive cybersecurity services. It seems to me that would be
         | a great synergy, if they can scoop up exploits used against the
         | customers they are defending, they could then use those
         | exploits in their offensive products.
        
           | not2b wrote:
           | It's even possible that one of the companies was spying on
           | the other one.
        
       | keewee7 wrote:
       | >In Uganda, for example, NSO's ForcedEntry was used to spy on
       | U.S. diplomats, Reuters reported.
       | 
       | This was the incident that made US authorities go after NSO. I
       | remember reading that these diplomats were actually involved in
       | espionage.
        
         | suifbwish wrote:
         | Any reason in particular that these spy firms seem to be coming
         | out of Israel?
        
           | stjohnswarts wrote:
           | I imagine they cut deals with the spy agencies and other
           | authorities there to be able have much fewer regulations on
           | what they are working on, particularly if they share it at a
           | very discounted price with the Israeli government.
        
           | ILMostro7 wrote:
           | conducive environment; maybe even shared knowledge or
           | spillover from one company to another...
        
           | just_steve_h wrote:
           | The US has been using Israel as high-tech offshore military
           | R&D for at least the past 40 years. The US "gives" $4 Billion
           | in "military aid" to Israel each year.
           | 
           | You may also be aware that Israel invaded territory in 1967
           | which it continues to occupy in flagrant violation of
           | "international law," and that this occupation continues to be
           | violently resisted.
           | 
           | Those are a few of the more salient reasons why Israel is a
           | hotbed of military/cyber/border/security technology. It's all
           | developed, tested, and deployed against a vulnerable occupied
           | population, then sold to the "friendly" (ahem) nations of the
           | world.
        
           | atlasunshrugged wrote:
           | I think they have a really strong culture/ecosystem around
           | cybersecurity given the close relationships between the IDF
           | and the startup ecosystem and given how many Israelis serve,
           | there's likely much more understanding (if not interest) of
           | govtech/defensetech compared to the U.S. where it's an all
           | volunteer force and not that much crossover in Silicon Valley
           | and DoD, although lots of folks trying to change that like
           | DIU, AFWERX, SOFWERX, etc.
        
           | guelo wrote:
           | Russians, Chinese, and Americans prefer keeping these
           | capabilities internal to their militaries. Israel seems to
           | want to use cyber weapons exporting for building diplomatic
           | ties.
        
             | ummonk wrote:
             | And Google's Project Zero is just as productive at finding
             | 0-days - they just conduct responsible disclosure instead
             | of selling the 0-days they discover.
        
         | syoc wrote:
         | Not surprising as diplomat and spy is often interchangeable and
         | there probably was a reason they were spied on.
        
           | optimalsolver wrote:
           | It's also a bit rich for the US to be complaining about this
           | kind of thing.
        
             | IncRnd wrote:
             | An idealistic equality of actions using right vs. wrong is
             | not exactly how diplomats look at things.
        
               | sudosysgen wrote:
               | Agreed, but they are the ones that peddle that way of
               | viewing things to their own population to get what they
               | want, and they should be called out for it.
        
             | JumpCrisscross wrote:
             | > _also a bit rich for the US to be complaining about this
             | kind of thing_
             | 
             | The U.S. isn't complaining as much as shutting down a
             | threat vector. Shooting back isn't hypocritical.
             | 
             | Also, you get the right to complain when you're allies,
             | just as Germany had the right to complain when the NSA was
             | caught tapping Merkel.
        
             | jdavis703 wrote:
             | Come on everyone spies. There's no point in establishing an
             | embassy if you're not also getting an understanding of both
             | stated and unstated intentions.
        
               | sudosysgen wrote:
               | That's not the issue. The issue is the US getting mad at
               | counter-espionage by Uganda while they are themselves
               | engaging in espionage. It's very hypocritical.
        
               | cgriswald wrote:
               | It is the issue. Everybody spies. Everybody spies _and is
               | hypocritical about it_.
        
               | pieter_mj wrote:
               | But USA is the most hypocritical about it. It
               | systematically spies on its allies, with the exception of
               | Israel and these 2 countries take active measures for
               | some cybertools not to spy on each other. (or Israel
               | tries to make it seem that way).
        
               | godelski wrote:
               | I guarantee you that the US spies on Israel and vise
               | versa. I'd honestly be surprised if there was a single
               | country both didn't spy on. But I'd say the same about
               | Germany, Australia, France, Spain, UK, Russia, China, and
               | many more.
        
               | aerostable_slug wrote:
               | Hell, DLI teaches Hebrew (once euphemized as "special
               | Arabic" in some settings) [0]. That's not just for
               | exchange/liaison officers... Not to dig up that bucket of
               | worms, but there were Hebrew linguists aboard the USS
               | Liberty.
               | 
               | [0] https://www.dliflc.edu/about/languages-at-dliflc/
        
               | sudosysgen wrote:
               | That is simply false. Few countries hypocritical about
               | counter-intelligence. You absolutely have to draw the
               | difference between intelligence work and counter-
               | intelligence work. Saying that going after someone for
               | catching your spies is normal is totally insane, no one
               | except the US does it.
               | 
               | If Uganda was spying on the US in the US, then you would
               | have a point. That's not what happened.
        
               | markdown wrote:
               | > Come on everyone spies.
               | 
               | That's what they want everyone to think so that they can
               | use it to excuse their antisocial behaviour.
               | 
               | Tonga, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Fiji, Peru, Mongolia...
               | there's a very long list of countries that don't.
        
               | itsokimbatman wrote:
               | I don't know about all of them, but a quick Google search
               | shows that both Mongolia and Puru have intelligence
               | agencies, which means very likely they have some sort of
               | collection capability for HUMINT and/or SIGINT.
               | 
               | The ones that don't have intelligence capabilities are
               | probably the exception rather than the rule, and I doubt
               | they're doing out of good will vs just not having the
               | resources for it.
        
               | samhw wrote:
               | I can't tell if you're being sarcastic, or genuinely
               | giving a list of minuscule island chains, culminating in
               | the country that's literally the universal metonym for
               | 'middle of nowhere'.
        
               | demadog wrote:
               | They would if they could. Those are mostly tiny countries
               | with almost no resources to spy.
        
             | judge2020 wrote:
             | You won't stay a world power by allowing others to attack
             | you, even at a smaller scale with lesser weapons.
        
               | sudosysgen wrote:
               | Counter-intelligence is not attack, it's defence. What
               | this is is the US attacking Uganda and throwing a hissy
               | fit when they defend themselves.
               | 
               | If those were Ugandan spies in the US they could have
               | gotten dissappeared.
        
               | martimarkov wrote:
               | First the US is not Saudi Arabia - they won't make any
               | diplomat disappear.
               | 
               | Second - how did the US attack Uganda?
               | 
               | I think your comment sounds a bit biased that's all. If
               | you share some light - happy to accept the points raised.
        
               | sudosysgen wrote:
               | Where did I say diplomats? Of course, you wouldn't
               | disappear the diplomats. However, they almost never
               | operate alone - whenever there is a diplomat engaged in
               | intelligence there are almost always other assets without
               | diplomatic status.
               | 
               | Offensive intelligence operations that the US has been
               | conducting in Uganda are, well, offensive in nature, and
               | are thus an attack. Not all attacks are an act of war.
               | 
               | > I think your comment sounds a bit biased that's all. If
               | you share some light - happy to accept the points raised.
               | 
               | I don't see how it is biased. The US applying sanctions
               | on Uganda after they got caught spying by Ugandan
               | counter-intelligence (under other pretenses, of course)
               | is massively hypocritical. As far as I know using
               | economic pressure to coax a country into _accepting_
               | espionage is a new low. The US is trying to normalize and
               | establish as basic expectations that weaker countries
               | should just let it spy on them, and that 's hypocritical
               | above and beyond the norm.
        
               | aerostable_slug wrote:
               | Offensive counterintelligence is indeed a thing.
               | 
               | We don't disappear people under diplomatic cover, we PNG
               | them just like everyone else does. And when we do catch
               | foreign agents without diplomatic cover, we imprison
               | them. Why kill a useful asset that could be traded for
               | someone on our team?
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuban_Five
        
               | sudosysgen wrote:
               | Offensive counterintelligence is not the same as catching
               | a spy and hacking them.
               | 
               | Offensive counterintelligence involves manipulation or
               | long-term disruption of adversaries. Hacking someone's
               | phone doesn't qualify, that's just normal defensive
               | counterintelligence.
               | 
               | >We don't disappear people under diplomatic cover, we PNG
               | them just like everyone else does.
               | 
               | Sure.
               | 
               | >nd when we do catch foreign agents without diplomatic
               | cover, we imprison them. Why kill a useful asset that
               | could be traded for someone on our team?
               | 
               | We both know that's not true. When it's more useful to
               | trade them, that's done. When you want to send another
               | signal, the US is not shy at all about killing them.
        
               | samhw wrote:
               | > When you want to send another signal, the US is not shy
               | at all about killing them.
               | 
               | What information is this based on? I don't have any
               | particularly strong opinions on this subject, but I can't
               | recall ever reading about anything like this.
        
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