[HN Gopher] How a PhD astrophysicist thinks about data
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       How a PhD astrophysicist thinks about data
        
       Author : izzymiller
       Score  : 48 points
       Date   : 2022-02-01 17:56 UTC (5 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (hex.tech)
 (TXT) w3m dump (hex.tech)
        
       | latenightcoding wrote:
       | this is an unnecessarily negative comment but astrophysicists get
       | too much credit because of their cool sounding title. I have
       | worked/collabed with plenty and their math/programming/modeling
       | skills are not better than the average compsci,physics phd.
        
         | ktpsns wrote:
         | I obtained a PhD in {astrophysics, theoretical physics, quantum
         | physics, computational physics} a few years ago. Choose one of
         | these keywords: Which one is most catchy? I second you,
         | astrophysics just sounds cool in most cases, whereas quantum
         | physics is obviously much of an advantage if you talk to
         | quantum computing (and AI) people.
         | 
         | The bottom line is: In this kind of science, you are used to
         | "big data", to massively parallel computing, to computation and
         | statistics on various levels of abstraction. But the
         | engineering skills outcome greatly vary, because from the
         | physics perspective, computers are just a tool for getting the
         | job done.
         | 
         | For instance, big data in astrophysics is quite different from
         | big data in accounting. Complexity in astrophysics programming
         | is also very different from complexity in the banking buisness.
         | People tend to get arrogant due to their years-long experience,
         | but in the end all they have is just years-long experience in
         | that particular domain, let it be buisness or physics.
        
         | zamfi wrote:
         | ...who is giving them too much credit exactly? Doesn't seem to
         | be this piece?
        
         | dokem wrote:
         | It would seem that the interesting modern astrophysics theories
         | were created, bottom up, from fundamental physics and math. Not
         | by looking at the sky. My view of astrophysics is that they
         | catalogue the sky and know interesting party facts but I
         | wouldn't think a real genius would be an astrophysicist as
         | their specialty. It also kind of bugs me that they can't really
         | perform experiments through the telescope which kind of brings
         | into question what is the actual definition of science, which I
         | think is actually much looser than what we are taught in
         | school. Sorry to join the astrophysics bashing train..
        
         | madaxe_again wrote:
         | I did my masters in astrophysics, specialised from being a
         | general physicist for my bachelors.
         | 
         | I was reading the piece, waiting for the punchline of what kind
         | of unholy beast of a workstation she was using, and wasn't
         | disappointed.
         | 
         | Thing is, physicists, heck, scientists in general, _are not
         | programmers_. Fortran 77 and python are pretty much the only
         | shows in town - and your usual data crunching script will be
         | huge, procedural, in log time, and will eat mountains of memory
         | while making disks thrash as hard as humanly possible.
         | 
         | For instance, I helped out a postdoc who I shared a lab with
         | with his ephemeris calculator - it'd take in a series of fits
         | images, and it'd tell you the ephemeris of whatever object you
         | chose - by editing the source, and putting in the x/y of the
         | object in the first frame.
         | 
         | Thing was, it took _all night_ to do this for a single object
         | from half a dozen frames. Most of the time was spent opening
         | and closing each file to read each pixel, and then stuffing
         | those pixels into a gigantic array, and writing that array to
         | text files, and then re-reading those files, and then doing
         | matrix multiplication and all sorts of amazingly baroque stuff
         | that must have seemed like a good idea at the time. He was
         | running it on a monster (for the time) of a workstation, with
         | 64GB of ram and several TB of storage.
         | 
         | I banged together an app in C++ for him with a basic tcl/tk
         | gui, and what had taken him a day of setup and a night of
         | processing and an ungodly machine instead took about as long as
         | it took for him to click on an object and click "go" - on my
         | creaking laptop with 128mb of ram and a 1.4gb hard drive.
         | 
         | This was far from singular - after this, I found myself being
         | "the guy" to talk to about your slow scripts - and that was
         | basically every script in the department.
         | 
         | So no, not better, considerably worse, and I can't help but
         | think that having a more cross-disciplinary approach to science
         | (embed tech people!) would yield benefits across the board.
        
         | jlg23 wrote:
         | Is there any other field that relies on multiple huge arrays of
         | sensors, distributed around the world, that generate huge
         | amounts of data non-stop? Data that is not only fed into
         | processing pipelines but needs to be explored? Meteorology
         | maybe. Something else?
         | 
         | She actually explains that in the article:
         | 
         | "one object might be anywhere between roughly 50 gigabytes to
         | maybe a terabyte. By the time I'm done reducing that data and
         | imaging it, it'll probably have roughly tripled to quadrupled
         | in size. I tend to have larger surveys, so by the time I'm done
         | I might have several tens of terabytes of data."
         | 
         | > their math/programming/modeling skills are not better than
         | the average compsci,physics phd.
         | 
         | No, but the data they handle regularly is just much, much
         | larger than in many other fields.
        
         | traceroute66 wrote:
         | > this is an unnecessarily negative comment but astrophysicists
         | get too much credit because of their cool sounding title.
         | 
         | I thought it was the oldest joke in the book that at the start
         | of the academic year, physicists pronounce to all and sundry
         | they're superior to all non-physicists. They then they spend
         | the rest of the academic year fighting over what the most
         | superior branch of physics is.
         | 
         | As they say, the best jokes have an element of truth to them...
        
         | throwawayarnty wrote:
         | Exactly. I care about how a PhD astrophysicist thinks about
         | data just as much I care how a biologist, psychologist, or
         | sociologist researcher thinks about data.
         | 
         | That is, not so much.
         | 
         | At the PhD and research level the data types and questions are
         | so specific that the analyses often are bespoke (in academia,
         | the more bespoke the analysis, the more you can sell its
         | novelty). PhD-level data analyses have very little relevance
         | outside of its own field.
         | 
         | There is nothing profound to be had here, even if they have the
         | prestigious title of "PhD astrophysicist".
        
           | asdff wrote:
           | I think that depends on the phd. In biology at least, a lot
           | of the data types and questions seem specific and bespoke,
           | but they are really not. Its often just tabular data you are
           | working with, and you are generating the same models as any
           | other data scientist generates to find significance in
           | tabular data. The only difference is in interpreting the
           | significance of the model output, but the tooling is often
           | the same as in a lot of fields. This is why PhD computational
           | biologists have no problems pivoting into all sorts of
           | distally related industries from pure biology, to data
           | science, to computer science, ad tech, or even management
           | consulting.
        
           | serverlessmom wrote:
           | It's certainly interesting when we stop to think about the
           | elevated value we place on so many different job titles,
           | viewing people as inherently super intelligent and failing to
           | allow room for them to be humans as fallible as the next.
        
         | exdsq wrote:
         | > this is an unnecessarily negative comment
         | 
         | I'd argue this is simply an unnecessary comment altogether.
        
         | qboltz wrote:
         | I don't think it's too negative. The actual complexity is high
         | for the modeling, but very few of the abstractions are any
         | worse than other many body simulations, unless you're studying
         | specifically black holes or other theoretical edge phenomena,
         | in which case it becomes hard to use the term "astro" instead
         | of just theoretical physicist. Arguably magnetohydrodynamics
         | has some difficult components, but it's not specific to
         | cosmology.
         | 
         | Clickbait titles revolve around sounds and language though, so
         | I don't know if there's a way to combat what's profitable and
         | not strictly speaking misleading.
        
       | jpeloquin wrote:
       | > One of the questions I've had to really grapple with is that I
       | just cannot personally host all the terabytes of data I'm
       | collecting.
       | 
       | Hosting is a big challenge for open science. Whenever I see
       | someone calling for open data, I feel half enthusiasm for the
       | movement to cooperate more and half dread at the prospect of
       | trying to comply. I used OSF to publish one of my datasets, but
       | they instituted storage limits that would prevent doing the same
       | in the future. And exposure to thousands of dollars in surprise
       | fees from personal archival in cloud hosts isn't acceptable.
       | Which leaves the status quo of email the author for data, hope
       | they respond, as disappointingly the best option.
       | 
       | Open code is trivial to provide in comparison, but also less
       | useful.
        
         | asdff wrote:
         | Sequence read archive has been such a boon for developing
         | reproducible biological pipelines without having to worry about
         | data. A paper references a dataset by ID and I can use it as
         | input for my pipelines and keep the raw data locally only for
         | as long as its needed to generate analysis within the running
         | pipeline. I can even set threshold levels of how much local or
         | cloud compute resources should be used at a time if I didn't
         | want to exhaust my systems with one job.
        
         | avn2109 wrote:
         | Do people ever make a torrent of their open data and link to
         | it?
        
           | ChrisLomont wrote:
           | Not for these size datasets. Torrents are just too small and
           | unreliable, except for the very most popular items. Slightly
           | out of mainstream movies, which are small and likely more
           | popular than data for an obscure science experiment, are
           | nearly impossible to find seeders for.
           | 
           | So I'd guess no seeders want to host tens to thousands of
           | terabyte torrents, and then thousands to millions of those
           | for all the different datasets grabbed by all the science
           | projects all over the world. The odds of being able to
           | download one of these on demand is just about zero.
        
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