[HN Gopher] One gemini battery nearly doubles Tesla Model S range
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       One gemini battery nearly doubles Tesla Model S range
        
       Author : hardmaru
       Score  : 130 points
       Date   : 2022-01-29 15:32 UTC (7 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.motortrend.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.motortrend.com)
        
       | Bud wrote:
       | Could we be more careful about getting the capitalization right
       | in headlines like this? "One gemini" not only reads different
       | from "ONE Gemini" in English; it actually means something
       | different.
       | 
       | Just copy and paste the headline.
        
         | detaro wrote:
         | The "ONE" is auto-"corrected" by HN software, so you need to
         | actually go back in and edit it after posting when submitting
         | such titles.
        
       | supperburg wrote:
        
       | imglorp wrote:
       | Nobody's talking about compatibility, which falls into right to
       | repair territory.
       | 
       | This is not your father's Die Hard battery, there's intelligence
       | and protocols that need to be integrated. How does one drop in a
       | replacement without Tesla's blessing and support?
       | 
       | example: https://insideevs.com/news/459830/video-inside-tesla-
       | model-3...
        
         | sschueller wrote:
         | You warranty is void if using a 3rd part battery pack...
        
       | wffurr wrote:
       | What does news like this do to current year EV sales? We needed
       | to start transitioning the vehicle fleet around the world to EVs
       | and alternate transportation modes years and years ago to make a
       | dent on climate change.
       | 
       | But now if EVs are going to have triple the range and be cheaper
       | in a few years' time, why spend money on a 300 mile range EV now?
       | Surely the resale value will plunge and current buyers will lose
       | their shirts on them.
       | 
       | I suppose that's good news for buyers in the secondhand market
       | hoping to pick up cheaper vehicles, but it's a disincentive for
       | new buyers.
        
         | digikata wrote:
         | Manufacturers could alleviate that by planning for battery pack
         | upgrades. Offer customers an upgrade path, transition the old
         | batteries to utility storage until the end of their life and
         | then recycle them.
        
         | Mountain_Skies wrote:
         | The Osborne Effect keeps on giving, though in this case, it's
         | industrywide instead of just one company.
        
           | wffurr wrote:
           | Thanks for the phrase that describes exactly what I was
           | imagining.
           | 
           | Looking that up led to an interesting and concerning article
           | on the economic impact of the transition to BEVs:
           | https://cleantechnica.com/2019/02/25/the-osborne-effect-
           | on-t...
        
         | didgeoridoo wrote:
         | Electric cars won't "make a dent" in carbon emissions until
         | most of our electricity comes from renewables and nuclear. At
         | least in the USA, we are many years away from this. BEV uptake
         | is unfortunately not the rate-limiting step.
        
           | d12bb wrote:
           | And even if we had 100% renewables tomorrow, cars would still
           | be incredibly inefficient (2 ton car for most times only 80
           | kg load (aka one human)), loud, dangerous for everyone not in
           | a car, expensive for owner and state, etc...
        
             | wffurr wrote:
             | Good thing these batteries will show up in all kinds of
             | vehicle once the tech is proven, then. Smaller urban
             | runabouts, ebikes, scooters, etc.
        
         | tbihl wrote:
         | To the extent that the old range was a deal breaker for buyers
         | of used cars, it will hurt. To the extent that buyers of used
         | cars were needing a little bit more depreciation, the
         | depreciation will be back stopped. And the depreciation, in
         | turn, would shift some buyers toward those older EVs, to say
         | nothing of the new buyers that could be enticed by range.
         | 
         | Look at depreciation of Intel Macs after M1 came out, maybe?
        
       | jacquesm wrote:
       | This could well be a game changer. What I don't understand from
       | the article: they claim they have just done a trip with that
       | battery and then in the same breath they say they will have a
       | production sample by 2023. How can those be reconciled, if they
       | already have one isn't that sample enough?
       | 
       | Or is this a prototype of sorts? And if so has someone inspected
       | that vehicle to make sure that it isn't a trick? Because if a
       | factor of 2 in battery life works for EVs it works for
       | _everything_ and that would be pretty big news utterly unrelated
       | to Tesla.
        
         | londons_explore wrote:
         | I have a theory that the 'trick' here is that the battery isn't
         | rechargeable... Not yet at least...
         | 
         | For a PR stunt, they put lithium-manganese dioxide or some
         | similar chemistry into a tesla. They're not rechargable, but
         | they have a very high energy capacity.
         | 
         | They'll obviously have a lab furiously working on trying to
         | make a rechargeable version... But for now, this demo is great
         | for getting investment.
        
           | jacquesm wrote:
           | I'll believe it when they allow independent inspection of the
           | test vehicle pack. Until then, skeptical. Too many fake-it-
           | until-you-make-it schemes and this could easily be one.
        
       | olivermarks wrote:
       | 'How does over 700 miles of range sound from a battery that fits
       | where the stock one goes?' implausible until proven at scale over
       | time
       | 
       | Article reads like an advertorial
        
       | brightball wrote:
       | Still waiting to hear results on prototype EV batteries from GMG
       | and Bosch, which I believe are 2025-26 timeline as well.
       | 
       | Supposed to be 1/3 weight, ~3x energy and 40-60x faster charging
       | without heat concerns.
        
       | FridayoLeary wrote:
       | ----------------------------------------------------------------
       | 
       | Dear battery technology claimant,
       | 
       | Thank you for your submission of proposed new revolutionary
       | battery technology. Your new technology claims to be superior to
       | existing lithium-ion technology is is just around the corner from
       | taking over the world. Unfortunately your technology will likely
       | fail, because:
       | 
       | [ ] it is impractical to manufacture at scale.
       | 
       | [ ] it will be too expensive for users.
       | 
       | [ ] it suffers from too few recharge cycles.
       | 
       | [ ] it is incapable of delivering current at sufficient levels.
       | 
       | [ ] it lacks thermal stability at low or high temperatures.
       | 
       | [ ] it lacks the energy density to make it sufficiently portable.
       | 
       | [ ] it has too short of a lifetime.
       | 
       | [ ] its charge rate is too slow.
       | 
       | [ ] its materials are too toxic.
       | 
       | [ ] it is too likely to catch fire or explode.
       | 
       | [ ] it is too minimal of a step forward for anybody to care.
       | 
       | [ ] this was already done 20 years ago and didn't work then.
       | 
       | [ ] by this time it ships li-ion advances will match it.
       | 
       | [ ] your claims are lies.
       | 
       | ----------------------------------------------------------------
        
       | hackerlytest wrote:
       | This is one technology that I will regret in my later life that
       | it didn't come soon enough.
        
       | twobitshifter wrote:
       | What improvements did they make to the design to double the
       | capacity? Nanotechnology? Better battery controls?
       | 
       | The article is light on what the underlying tech is.
        
         | jacquesm wrote:
         | There might not _be_ any underlying tech.
        
       | drewg123 wrote:
       | I'll probably get down-voted, but I really think best way to
       | improve BEV range for road trips is towing a diesel or gas
       | powered electric generator. Your car becomes like a plugin
       | hybrid, except you don't have to deal with the weight, mess and
       | complexity of an ICE drivetrain on a daily basis.
       | 
       | I can imagine an infrastructure where you rent one of these towed
       | generators at a national chain when you depart, and drop it off
       | at your destination. Similar to renting a U-Haul trailer.
       | 
       | I have a Tesla with a 100Khw battery and ~290mi of range. The
       | only time I need more than 100mi of range in a day is when I'm
       | taking a trip, which is not a daily thing. If such trailers were
       | rentable for a trip, BEVs could have much smaller and lighter
       | batteries. Eg, my car could be substantially cheaper and lighter.
       | 
       | I wish Tesla and other BEV cars would allow charging while
       | driving.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | dhc02 wrote:
         | How about a trailer that contains a battery pack big enough to
         | last your whole trip? Going 600 miles? 100kWh trailer. 1000
         | miles? 250kWh trailer.
         | 
         | Drop it off at uHaul when you get there, and pick up another
         | one for the return trip.
         | 
         | Of course, a 250kWh battery pack would be a lot more expensive
         | than a diesel generator, but it would involve much less
         | maintenance and wouldn't risk disastrous user error.
        
         | jeppesen-io wrote:
         | > If such trailers were rentable for a trip, BEVs could have
         | much smaller and lighter batteries. Eg, my car could be
         | substantially cheaper and lighter.
         | 
         | hypothetically if this trailer solution existed, I still don't
         | see people buying BEVs with smaller batteries. In general, most
         | like the piece of mind of that range. Things happen - chargers
         | break, power outage or you end up taking an unexpected trip or
         | you spend some time at a friends home where you can't charge
         | 
         | Given that the charger networks are growing at a decent clip
         | and average charging speeds continue increase, not many people
         | would want to bother going to U-Haul before and after a trip
         | when you could just stop for a bit on the way, have some coffee
         | and stretch your legs
         | 
         | In short, it'd be such a niche product it would make little
         | sense for auto manufactures in invest in it
         | 
         | Rivan does have plans to let you add a battery pack for the bed
         | of the truck. I hope that comes out and someday other brands do
         | the same
        
         | edent wrote:
         | The BMW i3 REX is like that. It has a small petrol tank and ICE
         | - which is used as a generator to power the traction battery.
         | 
         | It's fine, as far as it goes. But most of the time you're
         | dragging around extra weight and there's more mechanically to
         | go wrong. You also might not be able to use some roads when
         | you're emitting fumes.
         | 
         | I don't understand why people are allergic to stopping at a
         | rapid charger every 2 - 4 hours. Surely people need to stretch
         | their legs or go to the loo?
        
           | drewg123 wrote:
           | Indeed.. I don't much care for solutions like the i3 rex.
           | That's why I propose hauling around the charger only when
           | needed.
           | 
           | Its not so much stopping every 2-4 hours that's the problem.
           | If it was a 3-5 minute stop, it would be fine, but its a
           | 20-40 minute stop (assuming no contention for chargers). I've
           | taken many 900+ mile (each direction) road trips in my car.
           | Charging generally ads about 25% to the overall elapsed time.
           | The chargers (at least in the I95 corridor in the USA) are
           | often not equipped with 24hr restrooms.
        
         | Crosseye_Jack wrote:
         | > towing a diesel or gas powered electric generator. Your car
         | becomes like a plugin hybrid
         | 
         | The Hammerhead Eagle i-Thrust used this method. OK, it had the
         | generator in the back so you were always carrying it about, but
         | you know, baby steps and all that.
        
         | motoboi wrote:
         | Well, why not form road trains with a truck sized generator.
         | 
         | You just schedule your route and an app shows you where to dock
         | with the roadtrain.
         | 
         | You can also carry your meat body into an actual train, but I
         | think this is not the point here.
        
           | drewg123 wrote:
           | That's an interesting concept, but the towed generator model
           | also allows you to go "off grid" to rural areas without fast
           | charging. Such areas would be unlikely to be a common enough
           | destination for a roadtrain..
        
       | heymijo wrote:
       | Double the capacity, no exotic materials, same size as a regular
       | battery pack and not much more weight.
       | 
       | Tested in cold Michigan weather instead of more idyllic
       | conditions adds credibility.
       | 
       | This doesn't sound like vaporware. I wonder what barriers there
       | might be to scaling this up to mass production.
        
         | dognotdog wrote:
         | So far, so good -- let's see what the pricing will be like :)
        
         | gruez wrote:
         | >Double the capacity
         | 
         | How can it be double the capacity when the wikipedia article
         | for LFP battery says it has "lower than that of other common
         | lithium ion battery types such as Nickel Manganese Cobalt (NMC)
         | and Nickel Cobalt Aluminum (NCA)"? What type of battery does
         | the stock tesla battery pack use?
        
           | leoedin wrote:
           | The article says the battery is split, with an LFP traction
           | battery and another undefined battery to make up the "range
           | extender" - presumably the bulk of the capacity. So I suspect
           | they've got some sort of novel high capacity low discharge
           | battery which keeps the regular LFP battery topped up, which
           | then drives the car.
        
           | oblio wrote:
           | The general rule of thumb for such fundamental breakthroughs
           | is that unfortunately for 99% of the really huge ones we'll
           | only know they're revolutionary when the inventors get Nobel
           | prizes 5-15 years after the fact.
           | 
           | 99% of these articles are trash that never gets talked about
           | again after 6 months.
           | 
           | Maybe this one isn't, I can't tell. Time will tell, though.
        
           | sschueller wrote:
           | Maybe they use the space for effectively that packing all
           | those 18650 into the pack.
        
             | bserge wrote:
        
         | cesaref wrote:
         | We'll need to know how quickly it can be charged, how many
         | charge cycles it takes, how it drains when not in use, etc etc,
         | but you are right, it's a promising start, one to watch to see
         | where it ends up.
        
           | throwawayboise wrote:
           | Exactly. It sounds good, but can it do this at least two or
           | three times a month for 10 years?
        
           | abracadaniel wrote:
           | Past a certain capacity, I wonder where the need for rapid
           | charging begins to decrease. It might be an interesting trade
           | off.
        
             | pkulak wrote:
             | 1C, which isn't fast charging, is already 200kW with this
             | battery. So yeah, if you can make a battery with a massive
             | capacity, but it can't fast charge, that could be a great
             | tradeoff.
        
           | MattRix wrote:
           | In the article they state they charged it at 1C, which is 1
           | hour from 0% to fully charged (200kw for a 200kwh battery).
           | Who knows what the final numbers will be, but very promising
           | if true.
        
             | pkulak wrote:
             | Yeah, but maybe that was one of the 100 the battery can
             | take before it's at 70% life. There are just so many
             | sliders with a battery, and they all effect each other.
             | Getting them all up at once is the grail.
        
               | Wistar wrote:
               | Nice analogy, the "sliders."
        
             | karamanolev wrote:
             | 1C is usually not 1hr from empty to fully charged, because
             | of CC-CV charging. Most Li based chemistries charge at 1C
             | until a certain threshold (when the needed voltage for 1C
             | charging reaches a maximum predetermined level, usually the
             | target max cell level, e.g. 4.2V). After that, you charge
             | at constant voltage until you reach full charge. If the
             | battery is significantly oversized, i.e. it treats 85%
             | charge as 100% for the user, then 1C might be possible from
             | 0 to 100%, but usually it's not.
        
           | gpapilion wrote:
           | Just assume it takes twice as long to charge, since the
           | circuit will be a factor if you double the capacity. Your 208
           | 40amp circuit can only deliver so much power, and even dc
           | fast chargers can only go as fast as they can consume power
           | from there circuits.
        
           | AtlasBarfed wrote:
           | LFP charges pretty well since it is so much safer.
           | 
           | The real mystery is the "non-LFP" battery cells they used.
        
         | causality0 wrote:
         | Personally I wonder if it's going to lower prices. It takes a
         | long time to use enough gas to make up the $10K difference
         | between a cheap gas sedan and a cheap electric sedan.
        
       | Animats wrote:
       | _" The production intent Gemini battery will be LFP (Lithium Iron
       | Phosphate)"_
       | 
       | But the demo battery is not. It's something else. What?
       | 
       | Why do these people think they can get that kind of energy
       | density from lithium iron phosphate when nobody else can? BYD,
       | which really likes that technology, has pushed the energy density
       | per unit volume up by about 2X, but the resulting battery is
       | denser and thus heavier. No problem for fixed installations, but
       | mediocre for vehicle range.
       | 
       | There's a lot to be said for using lithium iron phosphate
       | chemistry. The batteries don't blow up. They don't have the
       | negative temperature coefficient which causes thermal runaway.
       | They survive the "nail test". As electric cars go mainstream, and
       | we have tens of millions of under-maintained cars on the road, we
       | need all that.
       | 
       | So, is this for real, or a demo only?
        
         | jacquesm wrote:
         | Yes, that was exactly what I thought. If they have twice the
         | energy density that applies to much more than just vehicles.
         | 
         | For now I'm chalking this up to a fake, let's see if they get
         | their 'production sample' up and running. I would not put money
         | on it.
        
         | PragmaticPulp wrote:
         | > Why do these people think they can get that kind of energy
         | density from lithium iron phosphate when nobody else can?
         | 
         | Other people can, but not within the same safety, regulatory,
         | longevity, cooling, weight, and manufacturability constraints.
         | 
         | Which is why this demo is useless. It's easy to make one-off
         | prototypes that accomplish something impressive as long as it
         | only has to work a couple times, doesn't have to comply with
         | safety regulations, and you have a massive budget to hand-build
         | a couple of them. It's a different story entirely to try to
         | ship it.
        
           | jacquesm wrote:
           | Even that isn't all that easy. The energy density constraints
           | are fairly hard on these.
           | 
           | I suspect that they are doing something a lot more directly
           | nasty than that: not rechargeable, or, entirely different
           | chemistry.
        
       | V__ wrote:
       | What I often see omitted and think is just as important long
       | term: recyclability, cycle life and cost.
       | 
       | These will impact the resale value and the lifetime costs of the
       | car. The second-hand market will be crucial when it comes to
       | widespread EV adoption.
        
         | tonyedgecombe wrote:
         | At the moment second-hand values seem to be holding up well,
         | even for old Leafs. I suspect the problem is going to be the
         | opposite, a lack of cheap cars for people with a tight budget.
         | Right now I could buy a cheap car for PS1000 and although it
         | might be a bit grotty it would get me to and from a job. That
         | end of the market might disappear completely.
        
           | V__ wrote:
           | My hope is that public transport and bike infrastructure will
           | catch up by that point. However, this might help in Europe,
           | but I could see a real problem with the market vanishing in
           | the U.S.
        
             | oblio wrote:
             | I appreciate your optimism, but if you look at a Youtube
             | channel such as Not Just Bikes, you'll see that the scale
             | of the problem is humongous. Most people in North America
             | doesn't even realize that car infrastructure is a problem.
             | 
             | First you need people to understand, then to accept the
             | necessary changes and then you need the money and time to
             | perform those changes.
             | 
             | Even the Netherlands, the bike capital of the world, has a
             | thriving car market, and North America is probably 30+
             | years behind the Netherlands, in the best US biking
             | locations.
        
               | markvdb wrote:
               | From what I've seen of the US, the lag is more like 50
               | years and increasing because of "interesting" spatial
               | planning.
               | 
               | Look at Flanders (northern Belgium) and Germany for areas
               | 30+ years behind the Netherlands.
        
               | V__ wrote:
               | That's sadly true. Not Just Bikes and their String Towns
               | initiative is really eye-opening. A bit off-topic but I
               | do wonder if covid and the current state of the economy
               | will accelerate the debt crisis of small cities (
               | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XfQUOHlAocY ) and force a
               | downsizing to a more reasonable infrastructure.
        
           | oblio wrote:
           | I doubt it.
           | 
           | After a while there's going to be a glut of vehicles, some
           | will be known as lemons for whatever reason (sometimes it can
           | be just looks) and their resale values will be low, various
           | brands have already started producing cheap EVs (for example
           | Dacia has an EV at around 20k in Europe, yes, it's crappy by
           | HN standards but it's still an EV:
           | https://en.media.dacia.com/news/all-new-dacia-spring-
           | prices-...), etc.
        
             | tonyedgecombe wrote:
             | I wonder what the life of the battery is going to be in the
             | Dacia and how much it will cost to replace. If in ten years
             | it can only do 20 miles and a replacement is PS5K then that
             | car is leaving the market. The ICE equivalent will be fine
             | as a cheap run around.
        
               | kwhitefoot wrote:
               | Why should the battery in the Dacia be so much worse than
               | that in a Leaf or Tesla. Surely there can't be that much
               | variation in battery quality within the major Western
               | manufacturers (Dacia is a Renault subsidiary I think).
               | 
               | My 2015 Model S 70D which has done over 160 thousand km
               | seems to have pretty much the same range as it had when
               | it was delivered (about 330 km) so if the decline is more
               | or less linear from the start then the lifetime is
               | actually rather longer than the manufacturers expected.
               | Of course I suppose it is just possible that it will die
               | on the day after the eight year warranty is over or
               | perhaps drop to 70%! But how likely is that?
               | 
               | And surely once there are a lot of old EVs on the road
               | there will be a big market for replacement batteries and
               | competition will drive the prices down.
        
               | tonyedgecombe wrote:
               | >Why should the battery in the Dacia be so much worse
               | than that in a Leaf or Tesla.
               | 
               | The Dacia doesn't have thermal battery management. The
               | warranty is only 75K miles on the battery. It's already a
               | small battery so there isn't much in reserve. The car is
               | the cheapest EV on the market. Comparing it to one of the
               | most expensive is ridiculous especially when we are
               | talking about running cars on a tight budget.
        
       | jcims wrote:
       | To the extent this is legit it would be great news for electric
       | aviation as well. Range would still be very limited vs. current
       | aircraft but it starts to get more viable for short-haul
       | applications.
        
       | alamortsubite wrote:
       | The irony to me is how we continue to discuss improvements in
       | battery technology for EVs in terms of increased range, rather
       | than decreased weight. I still have high hopes EVs will shift
       | public consciousness about our environment and the way we live
       | our lives, but true enthusiasm still seems to be for heavy
       | vehicles people can spend more time in.
        
         | wffurr wrote:
         | These same type of batteries will make their way into a whole
         | range of vehicles, from shorter-range runabouts to e-bikes and
         | scooters.
        
           | alamortsubite wrote:
           | Right. I meant to imply that is the silver lining.
        
         | enchiridion wrote:
         | Given the large long roads in the US, there's always going to
         | be a preference for large vehicles. Especially since there is a
         | strong link between weight/size and safety.
        
           | jMyles wrote:
           | Be reminded that many of us are out here on bikes every day,
           | and that our lives are at risk by the strange proclivities to
           | engineer car-first roads and to drive oversized, heavy, fast
           | vehicles on them (regardless of their means of propulsion).
           | 
           | Many municipalities (I'll use my current location of St.
           | Petersburg, FL as an example) are working to make the roads
           | safer in all that ways that you (I assert, incorrectly)
           | presume will never happen.
        
           | amluto wrote:
           | You mean how tall vehicles are much less stable in high wind
           | and are much more likely to roll over? Having recently driven
           | a large vehicle and a small vehicle on the highway, I'll take
           | the small one any day as long as whatever I'm carrying
           | physically fits.
           | 
           | Not to mention that the operating cost of the small vehicle
           | is about 1/10 that of the large one.
        
           | alamortsubite wrote:
           | > Given the large long roads in the US, there's always going
           | to be a preference for large vehicles.
           | 
           | Are you sure you don't have that relationship backwards?
           | Similarly,
           | 
           | > Especially since there is a strong link between weight/size
           | and safety.
           | 
           | Solely for the given vehicle's occupants, and to the
           | detriment of everyone else around them.
        
             | jmspring wrote:
             | I have a sprinter van for business and a Tacoma for a
             | normal driver. I drive more than some due to distance, not
             | frequency. I also explore remote back/off roads.
             | 
             | The sprinter is more susceptible to wind and driving
             | surface variation.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | jcims wrote:
         | If they would build a car that had removable packs you could
         | have the best of both worlds. Leave one at home charging and
         | commute with the other.
        
           | lm28469 wrote:
           | It's all fun and games until you start looking up the
           | environmental cost of mining the metals needed for batteries.
           | Replacing all thermic cars with electric ones is already
           | going to be a disaster, if we need two batteries for each car
           | we're in for a treat
        
         | neaanopri wrote:
         | Yup, the means to solve climate change and electricity the US
         | already exist, but people don't like them for stupid reasons.
         | 
         | US has an irrational dislike for overhead wires, for both
         | trains and trolley buses (ubiquitous enough they have Unicode)
         | 
         | This isn't a problem of technology, and we can't "innovate our
         | way out". Our dispersed suburban land use pattern is simply a
         | mistake, and impossible to make efficient.
         | 
         | Efficiency comes from:
         | 
         | * Electrified freight rail for cargo transport into and between
         | cities and buildings
         | 
         | * High speed intercity electrified passenger rail
         | 
         | * Frequent, automated subway and heavy rail in cities and their
         | peripheries
         | 
         | * Frequent, ubiquitous trolleybuses to bring people to rail
         | stations
         | 
         | * Dense apartment buildings with good noise cancellation which
         | share heated walls, and use heat pumps for heating and cooling
         | 
         | * Renewable electricity
         | 
         | * Flights for trips >500km, taking passengers from several
         | nearby cities who take high speed rail to the airport
         | 
         | ALL OF THESE TECHNOLOGIES EXIST TODAY, we just need to be
         | willing to adopt them. Because these technologies exist today,
         | there is no sense in "waiting for technology to save us". We
         | need to choose to adopt them, and abandon our inefficient
         | policies now. These will always be the solutions, and we are
         | just in denial that we need to adopt them.
        
           | maxerickson wrote:
           | What does efficient mean, objectively?
           | 
           | Like is it efficient for me to live in a place I don't like?
        
             | ZoomerCretin wrote:
             | CO2 emissions per mile traveled.
             | 
             | > Like is it efficient for me to live in a place I don't
             | like?
             | 
             | Is it more efficient to accommodate hundreds of millions of
             | climate refugees rather than simply internalize the costs
             | of climate change?
        
               | maxerickson wrote:
               | I doubt we need to move to trolley based cities to get to
               | low emissions.
        
           | analyte123 wrote:
           | Completely overhauling the entire built environment, housing
           | stock, supply chain, energy flows, and air transportation
           | network of the world's 3rd largest country is not matter of
           | "just" choosing or "just" anything.
        
           | PaulDavisThe1st wrote:
           | > US has an irrational dislike for overhead wires, for both
           | trains and trolley buses
           | 
           | but oddly, not for neighborhood electrical delivery.
        
             | LeifCarrotson wrote:
             | I have what I believe to be a rational dislike for overhead
             | wires for neighborhood electrical delivery: They're
             | unreliable (multiple outages every winter because
             | snowstorms take out trees), unsafe when they're knocked
             | down but still live, expensive in the long run due to pole
             | replacement and tree maintenance, ugly, and all it takes is
             | a slight increase in capital expenses for installation to
             | replace them with underground utilities. I don't think I'm
             | alone in this.
        
               | beerandt wrote:
               | >expensive in the long run due to pole replacement and
               | tree maintenance,
               | 
               | Not compared to burial. The cost is up front (not
               | amortized) and is a big enough multiplier that it won't
               | overcome maintenance costs, especially when including
               | buried repair/maintenance costs, which are significantly
               | higher than overhead, even taking into account the lower
               | frequency. (Tree roots, dug-up lines, cathodic decay and
               | leaking conduits, necessary relocations, etc, all
               | happen.)
               | 
               | There's nothing preventing the adoption of buried
               | electrical today except the customer's willingness to pay
               | for it.
               | 
               | New neighborhoods and houses that want it, pay for it.
               | Simple as that. And nothing prevents replacing existing
               | overhead except it becomes a 100% unnecessary cost, once
               | overhead has already been installed.
               | 
               | >...and all it takes is a slight increase in capital
               | expenses for installation to replace them with
               | underground
               | 
               | >slight
               | 
               | 4-10x upfront install cost. Higher in urban environments.
               | Not slight.
               | 
               | If it paid for itself as you claim, why are companies
               | almost universally making an irrationally expensive
               | decision?
        
               | cgriswald wrote:
               | To compare fairly, you'd also have to take into account
               | relative fire risk and difference in frequency of
               | outages.
               | 
               | > If it paid for itself as you claim, why are companies
               | almost universally making an irrationally expensive
               | decision?
               | 
               | I don't think he made such a claim. There's an
               | implication that it's 'worth it', but not that it's
               | necessarily less expensive to implement.
               | 
               | Companies aren't making irrational decisions. They just
               | haven't historically been paying for the externalities.
        
               | oblio wrote:
               | You're not alone. The EU generally has underground wires
               | and where it doesn't yet have them it's actively planning
               | to move them there.
        
               | alamortsubite wrote:
               | Not at all, but it's totally beside the parent's point,
               | which is the hypocrisy of scapegoating overhead lines to
               | restrict public transportation options, while
               | simultaneously letting them proliferate unchallenged for
               | residential electric delivery.
        
           | vasco wrote:
           | Not trying to be too dismissive, but americans like big
           | houses, and I'm not sure how you can get around that.
        
             | alamortsubite wrote:
             | A gas expands to fill its container.
        
             | ZoomerCretin wrote:
             | Americans would like mansions too if they were massively
             | subsidized to the point of affordability.
             | 
             | If you stopped subsidising the suburbs and suburbanites
             | were forced to pay the 5x higher property tax rates it
             | takes to maintain infrastructure, people's preferences
             | would change.
        
               | kube-system wrote:
               | The people who currently live there have chosen where
               | they live based on their budget. They likely cannot
               | afford the 5x in taxes, so the practical result is that
               | infrastructure would be left to crumble. This is what is
               | currently happening with a lot of post-war infrastructure
               | in the US right now.
        
               | ZoomerCretin wrote:
               | No, the practical result in the US is a huge Federal
               | bailout every few decades, labelled "Infrastructure."
               | 
               | Not to mention that they are subsidised within their own
               | municipalities by commercial property and what little
               | climate friendly housing is not NIMBY'd, typically by
               | loud car sewers.
        
           | whiddershins wrote:
           | How about people want to live how they want to live and we
           | should innovate to accommodate that not restructure society?
        
             | wyre wrote:
             | Because climate change is quickly killing our planet as we
             | know it.
        
             | tonyedgecombe wrote:
             | We don't have that now (and never have). There are always
             | constraints on what we can do.
        
             | lm28469 wrote:
             | We have to stop with this toddler mentality. Wanting
             | something isn't nearly enough to make it a sustainable
             | reality.
        
             | atq2119 wrote:
             | Written on the website whose reason for existence is
             | innovations that restructure society.
        
             | maccam94 wrote:
             | Suburbs were not created out of a natural desire people
             | had. There was a combination of federal financial
             | incentives and racist motives in the 50s that created them,
             | and they are far less efficient than cities by basically
             | every metric.
             | 
             | Not Just Bikes series on Strong Towns: https://youtube.com/
             | playlist?list=PLJp5q-R0lZ0_FCUbeVWK6OGLN...
             | 
             | https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/how-federal-
             | governmen...
        
               | kube-system wrote:
               | There are reasons people like having a yard, more space,
               | less noise, and an automobile, other than racism.
        
               | jeromegv wrote:
               | Yes. Many people. Issue is lack of alternative and how
               | the whole society is built to cater to this lifestyle so
               | many people are forced into it if they want anything more
               | than a shoebox 1 bedroom. That's why understanding why
               | this option became the only choice is interesting to
               | study.
        
             | freshpots wrote:
             | Tragedy of the Commons.
        
             | oblio wrote:
             | Innovation is still finite per unit of time. People's wants
             | are infinite.
             | 
             | Everyone wants to live in a sprawling castle far away from
             | pesky neighbors, they want to have an entire forest as a
             | backyard and at the same time they want to have access to
             | the same urban facilities as those in Manhattan.
             | 
             | There's no amount of innovation we could muster at least
             | the next 2 decades to make that a financially feasible
             | reality.
        
               | visarga wrote:
               | > Innovation is still finite per unit of time. People's
               | wants are infinite.
               | 
               | That's what I say to people afraid AI will steal their
               | jobs. No way we run out of jobs before we run out of
               | desires. We can always imagine and want more, and it's so
               | easy to become entitled to what you already have and
               | think nothing of it.
        
               | oblio wrote:
               | People are not necessarily afraid of AIs on their own
               | (though they are afraid of them, too, at least a bit, see
               | Skynet).
               | 
               | I think the bigger fear is that of AI ownership. In a
               | "winner takes all world" where people have a hard time
               | sharing effectively, if there's no need for human labor
               | for many fields and AI owners can just buy lawmakers,
               | some people can just become infinitely powerful. Creating
               | a permanent underclass of those who missed their chance.
               | 
               | See what's happening with coal mining, for example.
               | People keep talking about reconversions but frequently
               | what happens with these people is... Nothing. Their kids
               | are the ones that move away or work in new fields, but
               | most adults over 40 or 50 don't radically change their
               | field of work en masse, or if they do, it's towards even
               | crappier jobs.
        
               | visarga wrote:
               | Use it or lose it - this new technology will also be
               | available in open source, easy to use format for everyone
               | to empower their lives, but those who refuse to partake
               | will be at a disadvantage.
               | 
               | It used to be that you needed a large dataset and a
               | custom architecture for each individual task. Now you can
               | use a general model and a few examples, it will catch on
               | much faster on what you want it to do. Sometimes it's
               | just as simple as telling it in free language what the
               | task is.
               | 
               | What took whole departments multiple years to achieve
               | will become something regular people could do. We learned
               | to live with internet and cell phones, we can learn to
               | program AI that is by design especially easy to program.
               | 
               | For example, how easy is it to make an image classifier
               | with CLIP. https://openai.com/blog/clip/
        
       | gen220 wrote:
       | Question for the more EV knowledgeable people out there.
       | 
       | Is there anybody pursuing the idea of charging stations where one
       | swaps your EV's battery for a fully charged one, and pays a fee
       | proportional to how expensive it was to charge that battery at
       | the local electricity rate?
       | 
       | Specifically, what are the barriers? Legal? Technical? Patent-
       | related? Capital? Or is it not worth investing in this vision,
       | because there's reason to believe we'll reach ubiquitous
       | availability of charge stations with <5 minute charge times for a
       | 350 mile range (i.e. equivalent to a full tank fill-up at a gas
       | station) in the not distant future?
       | 
       | To understand the use case better, we own a car and only use it
       | to "get away" (i.e. 200-600 miles over the course of a day into
       | somewhat remote locales). We'd love to have an EV, but the idea
       | of pausing to take a long charging break in the middle of an
       | already long drive is very unappealing.
        
         | iamben wrote:
         | Similarly, EVs feel incredibly impractical for cramped city
         | life. If you're living in a small London flat with no garage,
         | parking etc. (hey!), the whole where and how are you going to
         | keep something charged is very real. I'm completely unsure how
         | that's meant to be solved in a real and practical long term
         | way.
        
           | TheDudeMan wrote:
           | Streetside charging stations? They exist.
        
             | iamben wrote:
             | You're right. I've just had a google and looked on
             | https://www.zap-map.com/ - there's not _enough_ though.
             | 
             | But I stand by my original point - it's hard enough to find
             | somewhere to park, never mind _the_ parking spot next to
             | the charger.
        
             | leoedin wrote:
             | Long term this is probably the solution. Sort term though -
             | the ratio of cars to street side charging is about 50 to 1
             | right now. Even if we put a charging socket in every
             | existing lamppost we'd still only be at about 10:1. We
             | basically need to dig up the streets of entire cities and
             | lay additional high voltage cables and a charging point at
             | every parking space. There doesn't seem to be any desire to
             | do that right now.
        
           | dghlsakjg wrote:
           | I don't know about in London, but here in Canada a lot of
           | businesses like grocery stores and movie theatres are
           | realizing that charging stations are great for business.
           | 
           | If you have a car in the city, you probably only need to
           | charge once a week depending on usage, is it really that
           | outlandish to think that in an entire week you won't take
           | your car somewhere with a charger nearby? Besides that, you
           | can slow charge off mains voltage using an extension cord in
           | many cars.
           | 
           | We have wired every room in every building in every city
           | across most of the globe to have electricity. I really don't
           | think it's much of a stretch to run some extra wires to the
           | curb as ecar adoption rises. The current system of moving
           | billions of gallons of highly explosive liquids to custom
           | built dispensing facilities placed every few kms on valuable
           | real estate is far less practical when you think about it.
        
             | iamben wrote:
             | > I really don't think it's much of a stretch to run some
             | extra wires to the curb as ecar adoption rises.
             | 
             | My flat is about ~50m from the road and 3 floors up. I
             | absolutely get what you're saying, but charging from a
             | cable inside the building isn't practical for anyone in
             | this block (or many of the blocks nearby).
             | 
             | Could agree more with regards to the explosive liquids -
             | but you can be in and out of a petrol station in ~5
             | minutes. I may only need to charge once a week, but it
             | still requires my car to be somewhere with a charging point
             | for an hour (or whatever) a week.
             | 
             | FWIW, I don't have an answer. I just don't think we're
             | there (or close) yet. I suspect EV adoption will start
             | outsides the cities and spread in.
        
               | dghlsakjg wrote:
               | The running the cable out to the curb was more meant as a
               | municipal or collective effort. I don't think that
               | running a cord from your window to your car is practical.
               | More that the infrastructure to put a few charging
               | stations on every block is already existent in every
               | first world town and city.
               | 
               | A government will instantly approve of a plan to install
               | dozens of parking meters per block at a cost of thousands
               | and thousands, and then employ an entire department to
               | wander the city and enforce the rules. It really can't be
               | that much harder to make it so that some of those meters
               | also work as a charging station.
               | 
               | I imagine as battery and charging tech progresses, the
               | difference between getting petrol and charging a car will
               | narrow to the point that it really doesn't matter. e.g.
               | For the better part of a decade Tesla had been able to
               | charge to 80% in ~30 min. That's more than enough for the
               | average city dweller to get their shopping done. This is
               | one area where I think techno-optimism is extremely
               | warranted.
        
               | iamben wrote:
               | Yeah, I don't think we're disagreeing which each other.
               | 
               | I'd assume eventually it will work exactly like you
               | suggest - I just think we're very far from it right now.
               | I see it very much chicken and egg - trying to encourage
               | your local council to put charging points every 3 or 4
               | spaces on every street is going to be next to impossible
               | when there's just not enough EVs; too much
               | hassle/uncertainty to own an EV in the middle of a city
               | if you have to park it on the street (and your charge
               | options are super limited).
               | 
               | That said, I'm sure it'll change and change will come
               | quicker as more people in the suburbs (with the space to
               | charge at home) buy.
        
         | SuoDuanDao wrote:
         | I heard of an Israeli startup working on that, not sure what
         | happened with it. More moving parts around delicate electronics
         | probably make for a challenging combination, I'm guessing the
         | biggest challenges are technical.
        
           | wolf550e wrote:
           | Defunct 2013
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Better_Place_(company)
        
         | martro wrote:
         | There is alliance of big motorcycle producers (Honda, KTM,
         | Piaggio, and Yamaha) to standardise batteries, probably aimed
         | to be used in scooters:
         | 
         | https://www.cycleworld.com/story/motorcycle-news/swappable-e...
         | 
         | Edit: added brands
        
         | gregmac wrote:
         | One of the issues is the battery is the heaviest part of the
         | car, and tend to be pretty large. Most EVs today are basically
         | built around the battery, using it as a foundation that
         | everything else attaches to.
         | 
         | Making it replaceable means sacrificing range, because the
         | battery must be smaller and there's more weight for a frame to
         | hold the battery pack(s).
         | 
         | This is in addition to the more practical problems such as
         | standardizing packs, network of swap stations, ownership of the
         | batteries. If the packs are big you need a machine at every
         | station (which can break), but if they're small enough for a
         | driver to swap you sacrifice even more range and increase other
         | potential problems like theft.
        
         | aaronblohowiak wrote:
         | Driving 200 miles is doable today. 600, I _definitely_ need to
         | stop, stretch legs and eat. Sfbay to az and and I stopped more
         | frequently than "required" just to get a break from the road.
         | I'm middle aged though so ymmv
        
           | dghlsakjg wrote:
           | When I was in college, and much more willing to suffer, it
           | was 335 miles from home to school, and took 5.5 hours
           | driving. I could do that without stopping, though normally
           | would stop at least once for snacks/bathroom. Now I'm more
           | likely to stop two or three times on a trip that long.
           | 
           | Even now on a mountain west traffic-free interstate I don't
           | really count on going more than 500 miles in a day. And that
           | includes a meal break.
           | 
           | Both of these use cases sound like they would be very
           | minimally disrupted by planning my stops around a charging
           | break.
           | 
           | I think that range anxiety is largely overblown for a huge
           | majority of use cases.
        
         | djaychela wrote:
         | This is already a thing. I don't know how widespread it is, but
         | take a look at this video:
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hTsrDpsYHrw
        
           | visarga wrote:
           | Battery swap is sweet but mobile charging stations coming on
           | demand using a phone app and charging your car as it is
           | parked on the street - that's a new and interesting idea for
           | me. You could call one overnight and have your car ready next
           | day, even in a place without fixed charging stations.
        
         | cronix wrote:
         | Nio is doing it in China. Here's the process:
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EvMr42VnFyo
        
         | a9dhalaan wrote:
         | The battery is probably the singular most expensive component
         | in an EV Vehicle. And batteries degrade with time and are in
         | different states. If someone comes in with a batter that's only
         | half working, then swaps it for a fully working one? or One
         | that comes to the station with a fully working one and swaps it
         | for a half working one?
         | 
         | Batteries would need to be a communal resource - with them
         | being expensive i don't see it happening. Batteries need to be
         | cheap for companies and people to take the risk of swapping
         | their battery with a random one.
        
           | lostdog wrote:
           | Obviously we should just swap the entire car. It would be
           | like with horses, where you could swap for a fresh one to
           | speed up a long ride.
        
           | ajuc wrote:
           | > companies and people to take the risk of swapping their
           | battery with a random one.
           | 
           | What if you don't own the batteries, just buy the car without
           | a battery and sign a contract for X years and $Y that you
           | will get the battery replaced on each station?
           | 
           | > with them being expensive i don't see it happening
           | 
           | People rent cars that are more expansive than batteries.
        
         | otterley wrote:
         | Tesla and Elon Musk presented a demo of just that over 8 (!)
         | years ago and then ... nothing.
         | 
         | https://youtu.be/H5V0vL3nnHY
        
           | gen220 wrote:
           | I've tried thinking about this from Tesla and the auto
           | manufacturer's point of view.
           | 
           | I think, while battery technology is rapidly evolving, the
           | incentives of EV manufacturers is not to create "open
           | interfaces", but instead to integrate the battery into the
           | hardware as much as possible. This gets better performance
           | but also creates lock in.
           | 
           | In short, my theory is that until there's a "battery company"
           | ecosystem that sells up to auto manufacturers, this dream of
           | swap stations will not materialize. Barring some regulation,
           | I guess.
        
         | fuzzy2 wrote:
         | It's available in China today. I think I read somewhere the
         | Chinese government will also enforce interoperability or
         | something like that.
         | 
         | There was an Israeli company in the past, Better Place. It
         | failed because car makers didn't participate. But that was
         | almost 10 years ago, so EV adoption was way lower.
        
       | sfjailbird wrote:
       | > What mileage would be enough for these naysayers?
       | 
       | I live in the city. There are a fair amount of chargers, but not
       | enough (and probably never will be). So 'enough', for me, is when
       | it can compete with a regular ICE car: Charge it for about 5-10
       | minutes, and then not have to worry about it again for at least a
       | couple of weeks. We're almost there, but not quite.
        
         | pokot0 wrote:
         | In a usual commute scenario being able to charge you car like
         | your phone saves you the trip and the time to refuel every week
         | (if you add the time to actually get to a gas station is way
         | more than 5-10m).
         | 
         | This is why I will switch to EV at some point.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | nicbou wrote:
           | If you have the charger at hand. This isn't the case for us
           | street-parking city dwellers, to say nothing of travellers.
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | turtlebits wrote:
             | If you don't have no way to charge an EV on your own, I
             | would recommend against purchasing one.
             | 
             | Fast charging stations are unreliable and expensive, and
             | with all the new EVs out there, harder to find open spots
             | in general.
        
           | zbrozek wrote:
           | I have an EV, but only because I can charge it away from
           | home. My office has free charging, which is great.
        
         | d12bb wrote:
         | > I live in the city
         | 
         | Then you probably don't need a car, unless you have special
         | needs or your city is some car-centric shithole (like, sadly,
         | most cities outside the Netherlands are to a point, even in
         | Europe, which often gets praise from US bike/public transport
         | advocates).
        
           | steviescene wrote:
           | "Then you probably don't need a car... unless you live in a
           | shithole aka pretty much anywhere outside the Netherlands"
           | 
           | lol
        
         | ClumsyPilot wrote:
         | "Charge it for about 5-10 minutes, and then not have to worry
         | about it again for at least a couple of weeks."
         | 
         | So you would rather have engineers solve the impossible, and
         | then have 2,000,000 cars carry around additional 300kg of
         | batteries?
         | 
         | How about getting city officials and landlord to do their
         | actual job they are getting paid for?
         | 
         | And don't go 'oh no i have curbside parking' on. Me - you have
         | millioms of lampposts in every city, don't you? They are
         | already connected to power, is it too much to ask for all of
         | them to be equiped with sockets?
        
         | jayd16 wrote:
         | Honestly a 15-20 minute charge isn't so bad if you can find a
         | coffee spot by a charger. Same with just eating a long charge
         | here and there. Its not bad at all.
         | 
         | I understand the concern but as an owner its been less
         | stressful than I feared it could be.
        
           | tgsovlerkhgsel wrote:
           | Grocery stores are great for that. Most people will a) be
           | there with their car and b) spend at least 20 min in there
           | anyways.
           | 
           | Even better though is the office parking lot.
        
       | JoeAltmaier wrote:
       | I feel that charging an electric vehicle will always be a sore
       | point. Because it takes so darn long. No amount of range
       | improvement makes it less painful to recharge. There will always
       | be complaints.
        
         | hansel_der wrote:
         | unless replaceable batteries get standardized
        
         | gwbas1c wrote:
         | Just "splash and dash." Usually I just plug my Tesla into a
         | supercharger, go to the bathroom, and then I have enough charge
         | to make it where I'm going.
        
         | tppiotrowski wrote:
         | I think when the amount of time you can drive on a battery
         | equals the amount of time humans can stay awake, we'll have
         | reached a good equilibrium.
        
           | amelius wrote:
           | With self-driving cars, you don't need to stay awake.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | Game_Ender wrote:
       | Production though is 4 years away in 2026. What capacity will
       | stock manufacturer and Tesla packs be at then? Especially since
       | Tesla is not sitting still and has new designs also under
       | development.
        
       | rootusrootus wrote:
       | Not bad, especially for LFP. Much lower fire risk as well.
        
       | AtlasBarfed wrote:
       | "range extender cells" == shorter recharge lifetime cells that
       | are only supposed to be used in 1% of trips (long ones). I wonder
       | if these are just experimental low-cycle cobalt/nickel or some
       | other battery that normally isn't up to the cycle endurance of a
       | consumer car.
       | 
       | LFP for an everyday usage (200 miles in a day), which are high-
       | endurance, good temperature range, safer, etc.
       | 
       | I think this mixed mode is an excellent example of how "good
       | enough"-density (200 wh/kg) LFP (and possibly even cheaper
       | sodium) will be utilized.
       | 
       | All these different cell chemistries can each be combined in
       | heterogeneous packs for different use cases. So even if a cell
       | can't do 1000 cycles, it might be usable for the rare trips. Or
       | maybe make that high-density module more replaceable, and the
       | long-endurance LFP/Sodium does Cell-to-Pack and that type of
       | stuff.
       | 
       | I think a typical consumer car in a few years will use a sodium
       | or LFP for about 2/3 the cells (by weight/space) and 200 miles of
       | range, and another higher density SSB or modern cobalt/nickel
       | high-density cell for another 200 miles of range.
       | 
       | So the question is, what was the mix in this car? That's the big
       | question.
        
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