[HN Gopher] Fed flags rate hike 'soon,' plans for 'significantly...
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       Fed flags rate hike 'soon,' plans for 'significantly reducing'
       balance sheet
        
       Author : ckastner
       Score  : 21 points
       Date   : 2022-01-26 19:56 UTC (3 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.reuters.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.reuters.com)
        
       | soperj wrote:
       | Talk talk talk.
        
       | sschueller wrote:
       | Likely and soon isn't actually doing it. It seems they are
       | kicking this turd down the road hoping that just the threat would
       | make things turn around.
        
       | boredumb wrote:
       | two more weeks to flatten the balance sheet
        
       | ipnon wrote:
       | The fed balance sheet is absolutely massive.[0] One item that
       | usually surprises folks not familiar with the money market is
       | that the Fed owns 2.5 trillion dollars worth of mortgage-backed
       | securities. That's 2,500 times a billion dollars worth of
       | Americans' mortgages. If you are a homeowner in the United
       | States, it's a good bet that the Federal Reserve has played some
       | part in the financing of your very own home.
       | 
       | This project of buying regular Americans' mortgages began during
       | the Great Recession, when the government was willing to do
       | whatever it takes to keep the economy from imploding more than
       | eventually did anyway. You can buy a lot of homes with 2.5
       | trillion dollars! This is a great example of a temporary program
       | that inevitably became permanent. How would you even sell 2.5
       | trillion dollars worth of anything? Who could buy it?
       | 
       | [0]
       | https://www.federalreserve.gov/monetarypolicy/November-2021-...
        
         | jdsully wrote:
         | The average mortgage is held for 8 years so theoretically
         | they'd just age out if the fed stopped buying more.
        
           | kbelder wrote:
           | Yeah, but the fed stopping buying would cause a huge shift in
           | demand. You can't really depend on any other variables in the
           | market holding steady when such a large distortion is
           | removed.
        
         | naveen99 wrote:
         | The us separates government debt from fed assets. If you net it
         | out, the debt is even more massive, especially compared to some
         | countries which just have sovereign wealth funds, a budget
         | surplus, and no debt. best to just look at the global economy,
         | and find your place in it.
        
         | eutropia wrote:
         | This might be a dumb series of questions but here it goes:
         | 
         | Didn't we get into a huge mess because of mortgage-backed
         | securities just 15 years ago?
         | 
         | And you're telling me now instead of (i)banks owning them, the
         | federal reserve owns them?
         | 
         | Does anyone know what the general "rating" of those securities
         | is? Isn't this dangerous?
         | 
         | I know we trust our governments to handle things like nuclear
         | weapons but this seems a bit more dangerous and opaque with far
         | less oversight.
         | 
         | Should we be concerned?
        
           | VirusNewbie wrote:
           | Banks are the federal reserve.
        
             | gruez wrote:
             | Only in the sense that banks hold shares in the federal
             | reserve, but since the federal reserve is controlled by the
             | federal government it's not really comparable to holding
             | shares in JP Morgan Chase. It essentially functions as a
             | government agency.
        
       | disambiguation wrote:
       | There's a lot about economics I don't understand.
       | 
       | Could someone explain (or point me to a resource on) how raising
       | rates helps to control / reduce inflation?
        
         | AtlasBarfed wrote:
         | Demand is currently greater than supply in so many ways (see:
         | computer chips). A lot of inflation is because the suppliers
         | can "gouge" customers. It's why the car makers are really
         | profitable but selling way less: they only sell the expensive
         | versions of what they can make, and then there is gouging on
         | top of that by the dealers for example.
         | 
         | But if you raise rates, then consumers and business buyers
         | can't access as much money on cheap credit, so they buy less /
         | delay / make do with what they have.
         | 
         | Demand for goods drops, so the difference between demand and
         | supply evens out.
         | 
         | But slowing the exchange of goods and services means GDP slows
         | ... is another way of saying "recession".
         | 
         | Western economies have been floating on zero/negative credit
         | for so long to keep their economies "stable" aka propped up.
         | 
         | We'll see what happens...
         | 
         | If you don't understand why the FED changing interest rates has
         | such cascading changes, it's because all the banks that you
         | would get a loan from peg their interest rates to the FED's
         | (plus a markup), because the FED supplies money to banks when
         | they need at by loaning it to them ... at the federal rate.
        
         | scottiebarnes wrote:
         | - Interest rate is the cost of borrowing money; if the cost is
         | high, people/businesses generally borrow less
         | 
         | - Borrowing money involves the creation of new money
         | (fractional reserve banking); when you get a loan from a bank,
         | they only have to have a certain portion of that backed by
         | actual cash, the rest is created out of thin air. So you get
         | your loan and spend it immediately. When enough people are
         | borrowing, there is more money flying around; an economy can
         | only produce so many "things" at once, so we have to compete
         | over our purchases. This demand, fueled by borrowing, pushes
         | prices up.
        
         | voisin wrote:
         | Raising rates means projects that would inevitably be paid for
         | in part by debt would be more expensive than when rates were
         | lower. So projects at the margin suddenly aren't profitable and
         | are cancelled. Less demand at the margins means less pricing
         | pressure upwards, so less inflation.
        
         | cameldrv wrote:
         | The simplest, most direct explanation is that debt markets are
         | an auction. Low bond prices are equivalent to high interest
         | rates. If the Fed wants to lower interest rates, it buys bonds
         | using money it creates, pushing up the price of the bonds, and
         | effectively lowering interest rates. When new money is created,
         | it dilutes the value of existing money, causing inflation. If
         | the Fed wants to lower inflation, it needs to create less
         | money. To do that it needs to buy fewer bonds. Less bond buying
         | causes bond prices to go down, and therefore interest rates to
         | go up.
         | 
         | Now, the real world is a lot more complicated than this, and it
         | depends on what exactly is happening with all of that extra
         | money, but this is the first order explanation.
        
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       (page generated 2022-01-26 23:02 UTC)