[HN Gopher] How Claude Shannon helped kick-start machine learning
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       How Claude Shannon helped kick-start machine learning
        
       Author : pseudolus
       Score  : 124 points
       Date   : 2022-01-26 11:19 UTC (11 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (spectrum.ieee.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (spectrum.ieee.org)
        
       | nicholast wrote:
       | He was also a jazz musician (the clarinet), a somewhat
       | accomplished juggler, a devoted unicycle enthusiast, and left
       | behind a basement full of contraptions he was building in various
       | states of finish - like the electronic mouse navigating a maze, a
       | chess playing machine, and all other kinds of curiosities. His
       | papers are coherent and still relevant to this day and follow the
       | birth of each of these fields like information theory and
       | artificial intelligence. Who knows what else he might have been
       | working on at Bell labs that we may not be privy too.
        
         | JoeDaDude wrote:
         | Not explicitly mentioned in TFA is that Shannon was the first
         | to apply the Minimax algorithm [1] for computer chess. The
         | Minimax algorithm, later streamlined to include alpha-beta
         | pruning, has been a key component in AI game playing machines
         | ever since.
         | 
         | [1]. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minimax [2].
         | https://stanford.edu/~cpiech/cs221/apps/deepBlue.html
         | 
         | I've posted this before, a compiled list of the machines and
         | gadgets Claude Shannon built to experiment with simple AI ideas
         | to play games [3]. Apologies for the repeat:
         | 
         | [3]. https://boardgamegeek.com/geeklist/143233/claude-shannon-
         | man...
        
         | vernie wrote:
         | Damn, I was happier not knowing about the juggling and unicycle
         | stuff.
        
         | jacobriis wrote:
         | "His papers are coherent"
         | 
         | High praise for one of the greatest minds of his generation
        
           | melissalobos wrote:
           | It actually is, most papers written today are cut and paste
           | jobs with multiple people writing one section. The quality
           | and focus from one paragraph to another can change. I think
           | the lack of computers helped a bit as well for the quality of
           | earlier papers. There used to be a lot of effort needed to
           | publish a single paper since computers couldn't do
           | typesetting.
           | 
           | Aside from that he has what comes off as a very clear mind.
           | If you haven't I would highly recommend reading his papers.
           | Coherent is a good adjective to describe his work.
        
           | thewarrior wrote:
           | They are easy to understand even for average people.
        
         | sasvari wrote:
         | Interesting episode from Tim Harford's Cautionary Tales podcast
         | about Claude Shannon and his various other interests:
         | 
         | https://www.pushkin.fm/episode/fritterin-away-genius/
        
           | nicholast wrote:
           | BS
        
       | hegzploit wrote:
       | Jon vom Neumann also comes to mind when thinking about brilliant
       | people from the past century.
        
         | pseudolus wrote:
         | There's a new bio of von Neumann "The Man from the Future: The
         | Visionary Life of John von Neumann" coming out in February in
         | the US. [0] If you're impatient you can order a copy from
         | Amazon's UK site where it's been available since October.
         | 
         | [0] https://www.amazon.com/Man-Future-Visionary-Life-
         | Neumann/dp/...
        
         | pixelpoet wrote:
         | > Nobel Laureate Hans Bethe could not comprehend von Neumann's
         | incredible intellect: "I have sometimes wondered whether a
         | brain like von Neumann's does not indicate a species superior
         | to that of man."
         | 
         | There are plenty of smart humans, but John von Neumann was
         | something else entirely. Like the author of the article
         | concludes about Shannon, I wonder if we will ever see another
         | "human" mind like that again.
        
           | JackFr wrote:
           | >There are two types of genius. Ordinary geniuses do great
           | things, but they leave you room to believe that you could do
           | the same if only you worked hard enough. Then there are
           | magicians, and you can have no idea how they do it. Feynman
           | was a magician. --Hans Bethe
           | 
           | Seems like Bethe hung out with some elevated company.
        
             | MR4D wrote:
             | Backyard BBQ's and cocktail parties must have been
             | phenomenal. Just to be a fly on the wall. Wow.
        
         | bluetwo wrote:
         | I was chatting about him with a friend and pointing out all the
         | things in the room influenced by him. Of course he led a pretty
         | normal life, so no one is going to make a "Beautiful Mind" type
         | movie about him. Other than playing his record player too loud
         | in his office and having wild martini happy hours with his wife
         | and friends, I can't find anything controversial about him.
        
           | AQuantized wrote:
           | Driving around while reading the newspaper and getting into
           | frequent crashes, and advocating for the immediate nuclear
           | annihilation of Russia, are at least 2 other controversial
           | pastimes.
        
       | Kalanos wrote:
       | algorithms are just a condensed logical representation of
       | information. that's why i associate him w the field
        
       | sharmin123 wrote:
        
       | Claude_Shannon wrote:
       | You have any questions to me?
       | 
       | It is amazing how much of what we perceive as new had actually
       | deep roots in past thinking.
        
         | angrais wrote:
         | What's it feel like to be dead?
        
           | Claude_Shannon wrote:
           | _The reports of my death are greatly exaggerated._
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | cjwebb wrote:
       | He was clearly a smart person.
       | 
       | I do wonder though, if the reason we won't see his likes again is
       | because he was truly a one-off, or that his particular
       | environment enabled him to show his excellence.
       | 
       | I've been reading "The Idea Factory", about Bell Labs, recently.
        
         | voidhorse wrote:
         | Environment definitely plays a big role. It's a balance of
         | environment and individual capabilities. When assessing
         | intellectual contributions, I think people tend to
         | underestimate environmental and structural factors (were you
         | working at a place like bell labs, did you go to an elite
         | school, etc.) and overestimate the "innate" abilities or gifts
         | of the individual.
         | 
         | If you look at intellectual history, almost every genius worked
         | in an environment in which they were surrounded by equally
         | brilliant minds, or had ample correspondence with other
         | thinkers of their time (of course there are exceptions).
        
       | lvl100 wrote:
       | In my mind Claude Shannon is the greatest mind in modern history
       | (move over Einstein!). He's vastly under-appreciated outside of
       | CS circles.
        
         | maxthegeek1 wrote:
         | He's up there, but von neumann still beats him out IMO.
        
         | marginalia_nu wrote:
         | As a physicst I associate him primarily with Shannon-Nyquist,
         | but his name has that Gaussian quality of cropping up
         | everywhere.
        
           | mywittyname wrote:
           | Shannon-Nyquist alone is quite the achievement for anybody.
        
           | nerdponx wrote:
           | Ironically, here you've just coined yet another thing named
           | after Gauss!
           | 
           | Maybe von Neumann belongs in the same category.
        
         | bob1029 wrote:
         | Information theory continues to be the one thing that sets my
         | brain on fire to this day. Nothing else in
         | science/engineering/math is as self-reinforcing in its concepts
         | to me. Perhaps this is simply because I deal with the
         | consequences of information theory every single day when I have
         | to make decisions like "should this be a 32 or 64 bit integer"
         | or "Should I compress individual items or batches of those
         | items"
         | 
         | You don't even have to be able to remember the equations to get
         | this stuff right many times. There is definitely an intuition
         | that you can develop where you look at a test file's size and
         | instantly realize it could not contain the x264 stream of data
         | you were expecting it to.
        
       | pseudolus wrote:
       | A film "The Bit Player" featuring "contemporary interviews,
       | archival film, animation and dialogue from interviews with
       | Shannon" was released in 2019. [0][1].
       | 
       | [0] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D7WmMSAxq8s
       | 
       | [1] https://www.amazon.com/Bit-Player-John-
       | Hutton/dp/B08D2N2MPH/...
        
         | albert_e wrote:
         | Thanks.
         | 
         | Unfortunately I am prime member but apparently I cannot watch
         | this outside US
        
         | eternalban wrote:
         | Robert Price's 1982 interview ("oral history") with Shannon:
         | 
         | https://ethw.org/Oral-History:Claude_E._Shannon
        
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       (page generated 2022-01-26 23:01 UTC)