[HN Gopher] Crypto.com accounts had unauthorized withdrawals
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       Crypto.com accounts had unauthorized withdrawals
        
       Author : camjohnson26
       Score  : 292 points
       Date   : 2022-01-20 15:02 UTC (7 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (crypto.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (crypto.com)
        
       | ck2 wrote:
       | This somehow triggered me badly for the losses on Cryptsy.com
       | 
       | (and missed out on settlement too! and domain name apparently is
       | being re-used, ugh)
        
       | JaggerFoo wrote:
       | So their backend allowed withdrawal transactions without 2FA
       | control. Not a good sign for a system that should thrive on
       | secure transactions.
       | 
       | Ethereum seems to be the token most prized during a breach, most
       | likely to be used on tornado.cash.
       | 
       | Cheers
        
       | VHRanger wrote:
       | MATT DAMON HOW COULD YOU DO THIS TO ME
        
         | JaggerFoo wrote:
         | Is Matt Damon the signal of Peak Crypto?
        
         | tootie wrote:
         | It's funny how many comments are about Matt Damon. That must be
         | a pretty sticky ad campaign. It's also bizarre that I never
         | heard of them before this marketing blitz although they
         | seemingly have enough cash to hire Matt Damon and buy naming
         | rights to an NFL stadium. I guess all their budget went to
         | marketing instead of hardening their platform.
        
           | agloeregrets wrote:
           | The ad campaign is notable because, much like most Perfume
           | ads, it's downright bizarre. The ad sells a concept extremely
           | well and then makes the leap of a lifetime for the subject
           | that is a crazy let down.
           | 
           | Edit: the funny thing for me is that if the ad ended with the
           | SpaceX (or Boeing, or Northrop, or USAF) logo and gave the
           | SpaceX employment site at the end, I'm sure it would be seen
           | as one of the best ads of the last few years. The leap is
           | what kills it.
        
             | the_snooze wrote:
             | To be fair, a more honest ad wouldn't be as compelling:
             | "Exchange your real money for online scrip because
             | reasons!"
        
               | cuteboy19 wrote:
               | Exchange your real money for _IOUs_ of online scrips
               | 
               | Remember, not your keys, not your coins!
        
             | duxup wrote:
             | I think you just described crypto currency;)
             | 
             | The community ethos and ideas seem pretty disconnected from
             | what actually happens.
        
             | devmor wrote:
             | It plays before every single movie in my local theatres.
             | And every time there's at least several people booing it.
             | It's kind of funny.
        
           | the_snooze wrote:
           | >I guess all their budget went to marketing instead of
           | hardening their platform.
           | 
           | That's par for the course in the cryptocurrency space. Why
           | develop good technology with well-defined valuable use cases
           | when you can hype your rocketship to the moon?
        
         | fabian2k wrote:
         | After Interstellar it is pretty clear that you shouldn't trust
         | Matt Damon ;-)
        
       | GiorgioG wrote:
       | I guess fortune doesn't always favor the brave.
        
         | criddell wrote:
         | That depends on whether or not you consider stealing
         | cryptocurrency to be brave.
        
           | singlow wrote:
           | That's the crypto.com marketing slogan which is spewed by
           | Matt Damon in their commercials.
        
         | ceejayoz wrote:
         | It does, there's just usually someone braver out there.
        
           | udbhavs wrote:
           | Brave enough to manage their own keys in this case
        
       | muttantt wrote:
       | Exchanged are the weakest link in crypto. If anything can kill
       | crypto, it will be due to the exchangers, from hacking to over
       | regulation, etc.
        
         | gkoberger wrote:
         | Maybe, but I think you can make a case for the opposite too.
         | Without exchanges, there'd be no crypto. Exchanges are the only
         | reason 99% of people who have crypto can figure out how.
        
           | Kye wrote:
           | Especially with mobile devices taking over. An increasing
           | number of people don't even have a laptop or desktop to hold
           | a whole blockchain on. Even an iPhone 13 Pro with 1TB of
           | storage would lose 10-20% of its space to that. That isn't
           | going to improve. The more popular it gets, the faster it
           | grows, and it would compete with all the other storage needs
           | that _also_ grow.
           | 
           | Get someone to load up and maintain a whole blockchain on
           | their 1TB phone, and you lose them the moment they need more
           | room for photos or offline synced music and files.
        
             | gkoberger wrote:
             | Agreed. And even if the storage issue isn't the main
             | blocker, there's also energy usage, bandwidth, security and
             | usability issues when it comes to phones.
        
             | gruez wrote:
             | not sure about how big the ETH blockchain is, but the
             | bitcoin blockchain fits in under 6GB if you enable prune
             | mode. I still wouldn't run a full node on my phone, but
             | disk space isn't the limiting factor.
        
             | thinkmassive wrote:
             | Not everyone needs a full copy of the blockchain to run a
             | node.
             | 
             | A pruned full node downloads and validated all blocks, then
             | discard everything not relevant to its own wallet.
             | 
             | A variety of "light clients" are also available for most
             | chains, which fetch transaction data from peers as needed
             | (usually using something like bloom filters to increase
             | privacy).
             | 
             | Most ethereum apps just go through Infura. That's a
             | horrible centralized single point of failure that I'm not
             | advocating, but the point is there are many ways a wallet
             | app can connect to a remote full node.
        
             | gjs278 wrote:
        
       | shp0ngle wrote:
        
       | rvz wrote:
       | It has been painfully admitted.
       | 
       | But you know what I am going to say if you're storing your crypto
       | life-savings or JPEGs on an exchange:                  Not your
       | keys, Not your coins and certainly not your NFTs.
        
         | salawat wrote:
         | I love hove cryptocurrency people are also discovering what we
         | anti-cloud people have been shouting from the rooftops for
         | years.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | paulpauper wrote:
       | how do you think it was done. said 2fa was bypassed for some
       | accounts. maybe some sort of client side exploit.
        
         | wepple wrote:
         | In practice, there's often so much complexity that finding a
         | path isn't all that hard. Some examples:
         | 
         | - abuse the logic flow and simply don't submit the 2FA step
         | 
         | - submit an empty 2FA token (I've seen it work)
         | 
         | - get a signed transaction from a legitimate transfer and
         | replay it in a compromised account
         | 
         | - find the admin API that their help desk uses that doesn't
         | require 2FA
         | 
         | - brute force 2FA code. If you get 3x attempts at a 6-digit pin
         | you have a 1/333,333 chance. Multiply by a few thousand
         | accounts you can find reused creds for
         | 
         | - Find an API to abuse to disable 2FA (maybe via CSRF?)
         | 
         | - move the money into an account that doesn't require 2FA (some
         | kind of whitelisted arbitrage account maybe?) then cash out
         | from there
         | 
         | - keep transfers under a 2FA threshold but then either script
         | up the transfer to repeat or change the transfer amount after
         | the threshold check has occurred
         | 
         | I could riff on for ages. Some more plausible than others. Some
         | I've definitely seen (and used in legal testing)
        
         | Miner49er wrote:
         | Seems really unlikely, but maybe someone guessed or discovered
         | the keys? Would likely only happen if Crypto.com somehow was
         | generating them insecurely or if someone had inside access to
         | their systems or something. Maybe a leak?
         | 
         | Since it is across multiple currencies, I think it is unlikely
         | it has to do with generation. Maybe could still be a leak or
         | something.
        
           | FlacoJones wrote:
           | If they had access to the private keys they wouldn't have to
           | go through the crypto.com platform at all.
           | 
           | They'd just pop it in any wallet and sign withdrawal
           | transactions.
           | 
           | There's no 2FA or whitelisted withdrawal addresses (for most
           | tokens) or emails on-chain.
        
         | sudoaza wrote:
         | This, they don't say, maybe they don't even know, since:
         | 
         | > In an abundance of caution, we revamped and migrated to a
         | completely new 2FA infrastructure.
         | 
         | > 2FA tokens for all users worldwide were subsequently revoked
         | to ensure the new infrastructure was in effect.
        
       | Shank wrote:
       | > 2FA tokens for all users worldwide were subsequently revoked to
       | ensure the new infrastructure was in effect. We have mandatory
       | 2FA policies on both the frontend and backend to protect users
       | during this revocation phase, as outflows such as withdrawals
       | have a requirement to setup and use 2FA in order to withdraw.
       | 
       | How is this supposed to work? They revoked all of their 2FA for
       | all accounts? Doesn't this just open them up to credential
       | stuffing attacks? This is a really, really odd response to me. I
       | can understand migrating to a new 2FA system, but they'd have to
       | re-establish the chain-of-trust somehow. Are they just hoping
       | that users don't have compromised email/SMS accounts in order to
       | enable the new 2FA system?
        
         | ceejayoz wrote:
         | I'm wondering if it's a badly-worded way of saying "anyone in
         | the system gets kicked out and has to re-2FA".
         | 
         | If they literally _removed_ 2FA from everyone, that 's insane.
        
           | nailer wrote:
           | I use crypto.com and they removed 2FA from me earlier in the
           | week, asking me to set it up again. It was worrying as I
           | wasn't sure if it was a scam, there was no reasoning behind
           | it.
        
           | kerng wrote:
           | crypto.com is a little mysterious when it comes to
           | authentication honestly. I still have not understood it.
           | 
           | But basically in this case, you didn't even need a password
           | to log back in, it was just an email to click a link, then
           | FaceId/PIN and logged in and prompt to re-add 2fa. The app
           | must store the password itself somehow and auto use it.
           | 
           | Anyone know how the do auth on the app?
           | 
           | For users in the US there is no way to change the password,
           | because the webapp (which might have that feature) is not
           | allowed to be used from US.
           | 
           | Once I asked how to change password and support said I can
           | change the PIN on phone and dont worry your funds are safe.
        
             | josephd79 wrote:
             | Do they use something like this? I've never used crypto.com
             | 
             | https://magic.link/
        
             | giantrobot wrote:
             | > it was just an email to click a link,
             | 
             | An e-mail with a link to actually click? Does anyone else
             | see those flashing red lights and hear that alarm klaxon?
             | Please do _me_ a favor and drop those assholes like a bad
             | habit. They are going to cost you whatever assets of yours
             | they have in their control.
        
               | paulryanrogers wrote:
               | The fight to teach users to not click links in emails had
               | been lost, IME. And if forgot passwords can be resolved
               | via an emailed one-time secret then email is effectively
               | a skeleton key anyway.
        
             | Shank wrote:
             | > crypto.com is a little mysterious when it comes to
             | authentication honestly. I still have not understood it.
             | 
             | If you're speaking from experience as a user of their
             | service, I strongly suggest that you use a different
             | exchange. Gemini + Coinbase both have very easy-to-
             | understand authentication systems. If you don't understand
             | the authentication system, that's a good red-flag that you
             | should take as a reason to move to a more trustable
             | platform.
             | 
             | (Just my two cents, as someone who works on authentication
             | system architecture design.)
        
               | tornato7 wrote:
               | Agreed. As someone who has integrated with dozens of
               | crypto bank APIs, I can tell you Gemini's authentication
               | and security is top notch (second only to Fireblocks)
        
             | godot wrote:
             | From my experience as a user, you don't have a password.
             | They log you in via an email link, you have a PIN, and you
             | have 2FA.
        
           | tsimionescu wrote:
           | Based on them saying they migrated to a new 2FA system, I
           | think it's the latter - they disabled the current 2FA option
           | and required everyone to register a new 2FA method.
           | 
           | > In an abundance of caution, we revamped and migrated to a
           | completely new 2FA infrastructure.
        
             | AlexandrB wrote:
             | What are the odds they migrated to a new 2FA system in a
             | few days without introducing new, serious bugs?
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | idop wrote:
           | Pretty sure that's what they meant. They said "tokens."
        
           | presty wrote:
           | yes, they literally logged everyone out, removed 2FA, and on
           | the new login, users had to re-add 2FA
        
             | eswat wrote:
             | > users had to re-add 2FA
             | 
             | And you are not asked to do this while logging in again. It
             | is assumed you know why you have to reauthenticate and that
             | you have to re-add 2FA in your app settings...
        
             | cornedor wrote:
             | Wouldn't this also allow an attacker to add his own 2FA?
        
               | nefitty wrote:
               | This is hilarious. This company is literally at the apex
               | of the crypto industry and this is the kind of mistake
               | they make. Yeah, immutable smart contracts written by
               | their fellow proponents will also save the world lol
        
               | barkingcat wrote:
               | I'd say Coinbase is the company at the apex of the US
               | cryptocurrency industry.
               | 
               | crypto.com is a two bit player in comparison.
        
               | capableweb wrote:
               | Calling crypto.com anything near "apex of the
               | cryptocurrency industry" is a very broad lie. Crypto.com
               | is for people who just "wanna invest in crypto and get
               | rich", others who are actually involved in the space
               | (developers, companies and others) are nowhere near
               | crypto.com as they have proven time and time again they
               | are not serious about anything, even the basics like
               | security.
        
               | smt88 wrote:
               | Aren't they one of the largest exchanges?
               | 
               | EDIT: They're #3 (bigger than Coinbase). Only OKX and
               | Binance are bigger[1].
               | 
               | 1. https://www.coingecko.com/en/exchanges
        
               | barkingcat wrote:
               | No!
               | 
               | Coinbase is a large exchange...
        
               | thebean11 wrote:
               | I don't think that's true..bigger than Binance? By what
               | metric?
        
               | barkingcat wrote:
               | Coinbase doesn't have to be bigger than Binance to be "a
               | large exchange" - we're not talking about "largest
               | exchange" if you read the message.
               | 
               | It's definitely more established than crypto.com though.
               | 
               | Do you think crypto.com is larger than Binance?
        
               | thebean11 wrote:
               | Sorry completely misread, I thought you were saying it's
               | the biggest
        
               | smt88 wrote:
               | I checked.
               | 
               | Crypto.com is the #3 exchange and bigger than
               | Coinbase[1].
               | 
               | 1. https://www.coingecko.com/en/exchanges
        
               | HaZeust wrote:
               | I would argue that by you giving the torch to crypto.com
               | as the company that caters to casual users that "just
               | wanna invest and get rich", it is indeed one of the
               | apexes of the industry. A product successfully marketing
               | a fringe and specialized technology to the average
               | consumer is just that.
        
               | idiotsecant wrote:
               | Is it? I'm not sure of numbers of total accounts but
               | anyone who knows anything about crypto is suspicious of
               | crypto.com as a platform and I don't know anyone who uses
               | it when things like coinbase are available. They just
               | bought an expensive URL and spammed a bunch of ads. If
               | that makes them the apex of the industry I guess CALL THE
               | GENERAL AND SAVE SOME TIME is the apex of the car
               | insurance industry.
        
               | simonw wrote:
               | The two car insurance companies I see the most adverts
               | from are State Farm and Geico - and yes, it looks like
               | those two are the apex of their industry:
               | https://www.valuepenguin.com/largest-auto-insurance-
               | companie...
        
               | Karrot_Kream wrote:
               | This is a common play in several industries. Art of
               | Shaving markets itself well to casual people interested
               | in traditional shaving products but they take regular
               | products, mark them up by a lot, rebrand and then upsell.
               | Nobody claims Art of Shaving is the apex of shaving. Best
               | Buy does similar marketing in regard to electronics, but
               | Best Buy certainly isn't the apex of electronics
               | retailers. What makes you think cryptocurrency companies
               | would be any different?
        
               | HaZeust wrote:
               | I would say Best Buy is an apex electronics retailer. Why
               | wouldn't you?
        
               | rmbyrro wrote:
               | Isn't this equivalent to saying the entire health
               | industry is fake and untrustworthy because of Theranos? I
               | don't it looks kind of same to me, and sounds absurd.
        
               | KeAShizukuTio wrote:
               | Crypto bros versus banks that have been doing this for a
               | 100 years.
        
               | matheusmoreira wrote:
               | > This company is literally at the apex of the crypto
               | industry
               | 
               | Cryptocurrency was not even supposed to have these
               | pseudobanks called exchanges leading this space. It
               | wasn't even supposed to be an "industry".
               | 
               | People were supposed to mine cryptocurrency on their own
               | commodity hardware and use that to transact amongst
               | themselves.
        
               | HaZeust wrote:
               | Almost like its core mission statement was only led by
               | the voluntary virtuosity of its participants - and wasn't
               | as novel as previously thought. Huh.
        
               | secondaryacct wrote:
               | I have an ex colleague working there as lead dev: knowing
               | him, no, they re not at the apex lol
        
               | Scoundreller wrote:
               | Doesn't really matter if your 2FA keygen algo got
               | completely compromised.
        
               | mdoms wrote:
               | Of course it matters. Even if we assume someone figured
               | out how to own the 2FA system, that knowledge doesn't
               | magically make its way into the brain of every script
               | kiddy capable of credential stuffing a login form.
               | They're two totally different vectors with different
               | surface area.
        
               | Scoundreller wrote:
               | My thought is that it's not really 2FA, and 2FA means
               | temporary tokens, and there's a method to gain entry with
               | just login+token, e.g. via password reset.
        
               | tialaramex wrote:
               | You can just make up whatever factors.
               | 
               | If you want to deliver _security_ then MFA is an
               | interesting strategy that needs careful consideration and
               | planning, you might end up building things like Security
               | Keys so as to solve real threats. You might fix real
               | problems (Google eliminated phishing) at your
               | organisation.
               | 
               | But if your goal is to bamboozle fools into giving you
               | their real money in exchange for Itchy and Scratchy money
               | that you may or may not then "lose" then you don't need
               | all that hard work. Take whatever nonsense you cobbled
               | together and say it's "Two factor" because that means
               | "good" to people who don't know any better.
        
         | PinguTS wrote:
         | That was exactly my question when I read this. How do they
         | establish trust, when 2FA is revoked? How they prevent that the
         | bad guy enables now 2FA and the god guy is locked out of his
         | account?
         | 
         | May the god guy didn't get the message that Crypto.com had an
         | issue, because s/he is unavailable.
        
           | Scoundreller wrote:
           | My thought is maybe they didn't really do 2FA, but exploited
           | a password reset mechanism that only required 2FA?
           | 
           | IE: single factor resets, so a compromised "2FA" was actually
           | keys to the kingdom?
           | 
           | But you'd think the attacker would need access to a user's
           | email or some such then.
        
           | tsimionescu wrote:
           | Given that apparently their previous system simply allowed
           | login/payments _without_ the configured mandatory 2FA, per
           | their statements about the root cause of the issue, this may
           | have been a move of desperation...
        
         | sparkling wrote:
         | Is anyone else getting the feeling from this press release that
         | it seems they actually don't (yet?) know how their previous 2FA
         | system was circumvented by the attackers?
        
           | nodesocket wrote:
           | My exact thoughts, umm where is the root cause and
           | explanation of the breach? They just reset 2FA as a
           | reactionary measure. The attackers have compromised more than
           | 2FA to be able to initiate withdrawals. This doesn't add up.
        
           | Mezzie wrote:
           | If they knew, they'd share and talk about how they fixed it.
           | 
           | As a communications person, reading between the lines tell me
           | they've got no idea what happened. Comforting!
        
           | presty wrote:
           | yeah, the PR is totally unclear about how they got hacked, or
           | if they even know
        
         | ashtonkem wrote:
         | Time to play the classic crypto exchange game: hack or exit
         | scam? Disabling 2FA in this scenario is dumb enough to raise
         | the question of malfeasance of the part of this theft.
        
           | lolinder wrote:
           | Somehow I doubt a fraudulent company on the verge of an exit
           | scam would spend $700 million to rename an arena right before
           | pulling the plug. Incompetent? Probably. Fraudulent?
           | Unlikely.
           | 
           | https://www.latimes.com/business/story/2021-11-16/crypto-
           | sta...
        
             | otterley wrote:
             | The Houston Astros played at Enron Field until Enron was
             | revealed to be a criminal enterprise and several of its
             | leaders went to prison. The world has a short memory, it
             | seems.
        
               | lolinder wrote:
               | What OP was referring to was a take-the-money-and-run
               | plan where the company knows ahead of time that the whole
               | thing is going to explode and causes it to on purpose.
               | 
               | My understanding is that Enron's leaders were caught in
               | fraud and _that_ led to the collapse of the company--they
               | weren 't planning on it collapsing, so the investment
               | actually made sense in that case.
        
             | Applejinx wrote:
             | No, that's normal pyramid scam behavior. I would say it was
             | more likely that they were fraudulent if they were
             | escalating their meaningless promo gestures to keep anybody
             | from cracking as their scam gets too big to keep together.
             | The bigger the risk, the bigger the colorful gesture.
             | 
             | I'm imagining it as '$700 million IN CRYPTO, which is of
             | course better than money'. For a name: which could easily
             | be restored if it turns out the payment is worthless. But
             | that's just my fantasy of how this might have gone on.
             | 
             | If it's $700 million in real money that only underscores
             | how desperate they are to make some colorful gesture.
        
               | ashtonkem wrote:
               | Even your basic Ponzi schemes often involved generous and
               | public philanthropic gifts even as the scheme was falling
               | apart behind the scenes, just to maintain the public
               | image.
        
             | mdoms wrote:
             | Crypto.com is built on a huge marketing facade. Keeping
             | that facade up until the moment the rug is pulled is the
             | main part of the scam.
        
             | rrdharan wrote:
             | Not quite the same scale but the whole Color World 76ers
             | thing is kind of in the same bucket?
        
           | blendergeek wrote:
           | From the article:
           | 
           | > No customers experienced a loss of funds. In the majority
           | of cases we prevented the unauthorized withdrawal, and in all
           | other cases customers were fully reimbursed.
        
       | ricotico060 wrote:
       | Reminder that cliches are cliche for a reason: not your keys, not
       | your crypto
        
         | davidwparker wrote:
         | They also said they've reimbursed all funds. So if you were
         | hacked personally, you would be out money here, vs keeping it
         | on their exchange where you would be made whole again.
        
           | smokey_circles wrote:
           | That's not a fair comparison though. An exchange is a fat,
           | juicy target. I am not
        
         | PragmaticPulp wrote:
         | Its cliche, but it doesn't really mean that crypto.com or any
         | other crypto exchange isn't on the hook for stolen funds.
         | 
         | Crypto doesn't mean regulation doesn't apply or that companies
         | are free from liability.
         | 
         | Obviously you can't squeeze blood from a stone if someone were
         | to steal most of the funds from a crypto exchange (Mt. Gox
         | comes to mind)
         | 
         | But in the real world, if you use a crypto exchange in a
         | reasonable location (e.g. US exchange adhering to US laws) then
         | small thefts like this are going to be reimbursed one way or
         | another.
         | 
         | Now if the entire exchange and their cold wallets were stolen
         | somehow, it would be game over.
        
           | croon wrote:
           | So in the real world when using a regulated crypto exchange,
           | what's the point of a blockchain other than asset speculation
           | (which can also be done through traditional trading
           | instruments at this point)?
        
             | snotrockets wrote:
             | You need to send money to the hackers who ransomware'd your
             | network. They don't accept SWIFT.
        
             | 5560675260 wrote:
             | It similar to what SWIFT is to banking system.
        
             | PragmaticPulp wrote:
             | You could argue that it allows people to send funds in ways
             | that are faster than some other current options.
             | 
             | But that's about it. It's basically another game to play
             | with new financial assets printed out of thin air.
        
             | smokey_circles wrote:
             | Good question. I only wanna add that traditional trading
             | instruments suck and are not fun to scale. Highly
             | centralized points of failure with truly mind numbing
             | consequences that are difficult to predict and respond to.
             | I've worked on forex systems and when the feeds get iffy
             | things get real uncomfortable, real fast.
             | 
             | Blockchains could, maybe, provide an interesting global
             | platform for fintech to migrate cross-border stuff to. That
             | stuff is not reliable, the engineers are just hella
             | talented
        
         | tsimionescu wrote:
         | Yes, and apparently this allowed all those attacked not to lose
         | a single penny.
        
         | curiousllama wrote:
         | And thank god for that. Very happy to be a luddite with have
         | exposure to the rise in crypto prices without the risk of
         | getting it stolen.
        
       | 101008 wrote:
       | How did they check if a withdrawal was unauthorized (real) or
       | not? What if I did a withdrawal, say it was unauthorized, and
       | claim the money (and also have the crypto in a different wallet)?
        
         | JaimeThompson wrote:
         | I'm not sure but I suggest they use some sort of distributed
         | crypto solution to resolve such issues.
        
         | samjmck wrote:
         | I'm guessing any withdrawal that was done while using an
         | exploit to bypass 2FA could be called unauthorized in this case
        
         | YXNjaGVyZWdlbgo wrote:
         | I guess they know which accounts circumvented their previous
         | 2FA implementation.
        
       | outside1234 wrote:
       | It's almost like we need a centralized authority that can undo
       | these withdrawals and a know your customer paper trail.
        
         | salawat wrote:
         | Funny that, ain't it? Perhaps we could Automate it. It'd be
         | like.. a house for clearing transactions.
         | 
         | Nah... Probably never catch on.
        
       | EMM_386 wrote:
       | > On Monday, 17 January 2022 at approximately 12:46 AM UTC
       | Crypto.com's risk monitoring systems detected unauthorized
       | activity on a small number of user accounts where transactions
       | were being approved without the 2FA authentication control being
       | inputted by the user. This triggered an immediate response from
       | multiple teams to assess the impact.
       | 
       | I sometimes find it hard to believe these statements, but I guess
       | I can only take them at face value.
       | 
       | Which seems more likely, that these "risk monitoring systems"
       | actually caught this, or that they were inundated by sudden
       | urgent calls from the 483 users saying "DUDE WTF WHERE'S MY
       | MONEY?".
        
         | prepend wrote:
         | > sudden urgent calls from the 483 users
         | 
         | This may be their only risk monitoring system. I've seen many
         | DR plans that had this kind of detail written up in "consultant
         | speak" with a straight face. Where they would detect server
         | crashes by users calling them and their systematic method to
         | failover was to manually rebuild.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | deegles wrote:
         | Responding to escalations from customer support is a risk
         | monitoring system, just not a very good one.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | kgermino wrote:
           | Worse, many companies can't even do that reliably.
        
         | Shank wrote:
         | > Which seems more likely, that these "risk monitoring systems"
         | actually caught this, or that they were inundated by sudden
         | urgent calls from the 483 users saying "DUDE WTF WHERE'S MY
         | MONEY?".
         | 
         | For better or for worse, a lot of insight can be gained from a
         | sudden influx of tickets from normally-quiet users, all with
         | the same general story. This is definitely how many critical
         | bugs in production are caught, because even a small number of
         | disparate users that suddenly write in about the same issue is
         | a huge red flag.
         | 
         | But, most likely, they have metrics on average withdrawal
         | amounts, deposit amounts, etc., hooked up to something like
         | datadog, with an off-the-shelf anomaly detection monitor.
        
           | wpietri wrote:
           | > But, most likely, they have metrics on average withdrawal
           | amounts, deposit amounts, etc., hooked up to something like
           | datadog, with an off-the-shelf anomaly detection monitor.
           | 
           | How are we estimating the likelihood here? I agree that would
           | be desirable. I agree a very together company might have
           | something like that. But given the average level of
           | competence and professionalism in the cryptocurrency sector
           | [1], I would not bet against EMM_386's theory in this case.
           | 
           | [1] See, e.g., https://web3isgoinggreat.com/ or
           | https://bravenewcoin.com/insights/36-bitcoin-exchanges-
           | that-...
        
         | nrmitchi wrote:
         | Massive uptick in customer support tickets is _technically_ a
         | monitoring system. Just a highly reactionary one.
        
         | perlgeek wrote:
         | If it's true, there's this funny situation where the
         | exchange/banking software didn't require 2FA to withdraw funds,
         | BUT their monitoring noticed this situation.
         | 
         | So their monitoring is smarter than their main application?
         | Wow, just wow.
        
         | lr1970 wrote:
         | > detected unauthorized activity on a small number of user
         | accounts where transactions were being approved without the 2FA
         | authentication control being inputted by the user.
         | 
         | How am I supposed to read it: is it a 2FA compromise (attacker
         | replaced 2FA codes with their own) or 2FA bypass (attacker
         | found a way to conduct a transaction bypassing a need for 2FA)?
         | These are two very different scenarios.
        
       | imalerba wrote:
       | > In an abundance of caution, we revamped and migrated to a
       | completely new 2FA infrastructure.
       | 
       | Can someone setup, test and rollout a _completely new_
       | authentication system in 3 days?
        
         | AlexandrB wrote:
         | Unless they were working on this already for other reasons, I
         | imagine a lot of corners were cut to make it happen so quickly.
         | We might be hearing from crypto.com again soon.
        
       | gercott wrote:
       | This is why CRO requires 24 hours whitelist before you can
       | transact withdrawals...
        
         | arkitaip wrote:
         | Understandable yet totally absurd. Can you imagine if your bank
         | had the same requirement?
        
           | mcescalante wrote:
           | At least one US investment banks I've used require a waiting
           | period before transacting with a newly added account/routing
           | number for wires/ACH. I've even got calls from customer
           | service manually confirming transfers/withdrawals if it's a
           | new account or one that's been unused for a long period of
           | time.
           | 
           | That said, there is no waiting period on me withdrawing from
           | my checking account.
        
           | criddell wrote:
           | Maybe it shouldn't be mandatory, but it might be a nice
           | (default) option to have.
        
           | thebean11 wrote:
           | They certainly have similar requirements. ACH transfers take
           | days, wire transfers require you to jump through verification
           | hoops, ATMs have low daily limits.
        
           | duxup wrote:
           | Depends on my bank.
           | 
           | I've got long term investment accounts that I hardly touch
           | ... I would have no problem with such a rule/ extra
           | validation of any moves of money.
           | 
           | Granted crypto.com might not be / want to operate like that.
        
           | foobiekr wrote:
           | I would actually love such a feature, especially in a
           | brokerage context.
        
       | siva7 wrote:
       | That happens if you let startups operate like a big bank without
       | all the SecOps
        
       | KeAShizukuTio wrote:
       | Not your keys.
        
       | NoblePublius wrote:
       | FoRtUn3 faVor5 th3 thE boLd
        
       | kryogen1c wrote:
       | Boy this whole thing just reeks.
       | 
       | > No customers experienced a loss of funds. In the majority of
       | cases we prevented the unauthorized withdrawal, and in all other
       | cases customers were fully reimbursed.
       | 
       | so which is it? no one lost funds or everyone that lost funds got
       | paid back? where did that money come from?
       | 
       | > transactions were being approved without the 2FA authentication
       | control being inputted by the user.
       | 
       | the withdrawal system allows for non-2fa when its enabled, but
       | informs the risk system when it happens? what kind of feature is
       | that?
       | 
       | > While Crypto.com already performs internal and external
       | penetration tests, Crypto.com has immediately engaged with third-
       | party security firms to perform additional security checks
       | 
       | ah yes. the "we already had 7 double checkers, better add an 8th"
       | solution. sounds like maybe the problem is not with the testing
       | and auditing suite.
       | 
       | > releasing additional end-user security features as we move away
       | from 2-Factor Authentication and to true Multi-Factor
       | Authentication (MFA)
       | 
       | 2fa isnt true MFA? did we evolve some new jargon im not aware of?
       | 
       | > WAPP is designed to protect user funds in cases where a third
       | party gains unauthorized access to their account and withdraws
       | funds without the user's permission. WAPP restores funds
       | 
       | wait i thought they said they already did this? are they gonna
       | start charging for it now because they lost money?
       | 
       | > To qualify for the WAPP program, users must: Set up an anti-
       | phishing code at least 21 days prior to the reported unauthorized
       | transaction
       | 
       | wtf is that? a PSK? a TOTP?
       | 
       | > File a police report and provide a copy of it to Crypto.com;
       | and
       | 
       | hello, local police department? i need to file a report - my
       | cryptocurrency wallet just had an unauthorized funds withdrawal.
       | no, i dont have a suspect, or evidence, or any action for you to
       | take. just come down here and write down that i said this
       | happened please.
        
         | vmception wrote:
         | They got paid back from company treasury. CeFi (incorporated,
         | custodial, web 2.0 financial services operating in the crypto
         | space) makes alot of money, it isn't that hard.
         | 
         | Crypto.com is on par with FTX, Binance, Celsius, Coinbase and
         | we have many varying examples of their valuations and
         | supporting revenues and balance sheets.
         | 
         | $30mm irrecoverably stolen with zero liability for the hacker?
         | No problem for the user experience or health of the company
         | these days.
        
         | matheusmoreira wrote:
         | > the withdrawal system allows for non-2fa when its enabled,
         | but informs the risk system when it happens? what kind of
         | feature is that?
         | 
         | I don't know about crypto.com but this is how binance does it.
         | You can enable 2FA for everything or individually for specific
         | actions such as logging in, withdrawals, etc. Lets everyone
         | choose their security/inconvenience trade-off which I find
         | reasonable.
         | 
         | > wtf is that? a PSK? a TOTP?
         | 
         | There is something similar on binance too. You set up some
         | unique code on their website, every official email they send
         | you will include that code as proof of authenticity. A weak
         | form of signature I guess.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | john2x wrote:
         | I wouldn't be surprised if "reimbursing" is just updating a
         | number on their database and hoping customers won't immediately
         | withdraw.
        
         | GordonS wrote:
         | The whole thing is really unclear, but it sounds like if they
         | are hacked and you lose funds, they will only reimburse you if
         | you file a police report... even though they would know if you
         | lost funds, and only they would know the circumstances and have
         | any evidence.
         | 
         | I wouldn't touch crypto.com with a very long barge pole...
        
           | swalsh wrote:
           | The police report is probably due to their insurance, but it
           | is odd that they would need individual police reports for
           | each account.
        
             | eli wrote:
             | It's probably at least partly to discourage you from making
             | false loss claims. Lying on a police report is a crime.
        
         | aeturnum wrote:
         | > _Set up an anti-phishing code_
         | 
         | I believe this is a system where you give a website something
         | that you will recognize (I've seen small images used as well as
         | text) that they agree to display to you in their layout. It is
         | supposed to make building convincing phishing websites harder,
         | as the attackers cannot know what content a given user has sent
         | to the service.
        
           | eli wrote:
           | What stops the attacker from fetching the image or text?
        
             | leevlad wrote:
             | In this case you set the anti-phishing code in your account
             | settings (arbitrary string). Then they include it in all
             | email comms (in the top right of the email body). So if you
             | get an email from what looks like "Crypto.com", but with a
             | different anti-phishing code - then you can be certain that
             | it's phishing.
        
               | eli wrote:
               | Oh, it's just for email. That makes sense. Seems pretty
               | weak since it relies on the user noticing the absence of
               | a security feature.
               | 
               | I'd probably prefer the emails have no links and train
               | people to never click from an email. Make them log in the
               | same way they usually do to take any actions.
        
       | janandonly wrote:
       | Not your keys, not your coins....
        
       | camjohnson26 wrote:
       | By the numbers, around $34 million in funds is affected, mostly
       | Ethereum. They say in the press release that they prevented most
       | of the unauthorized withdrawals and reimbursed the remainder, but
       | it's unclear how much they had to pay for reimbursements.
       | 
       | For context, this is the startup that has been using Matt Damon
       | as it's face.
        
         | CodesInChaos wrote:
         | A couple of years ago crypto.com used Matt Blaze as its face :P
         | 
         | https://web.archive.org/web/20170611024100/http://www.crypto...
        
         | VHRanger wrote:
         | Presumably they mostly stole ETH because tornado cash is the
         | best mixer around to launder stolen funds
        
           | NelsonMinar wrote:
           | I'd love to read more about these money laundering operations
           | like Tornado Cash. Are they just straight up 100% fraud
           | companies? Do they have any pretense of a legitimate use case
           | or does everyone just understand they're used for criminal
           | activity? Are they regulated at all? I assume you have to
           | trust your magic beans to them at some point; do the money
           | launderers sometimes just steal them? What do they charge for
           | their service?
        
             | somebodythere wrote:
             | Tornado Cash is a smart contract system that allows you to
             | send fixed denominations of Ethereum, and receive a
             | cryptographic "note" that allows someone who knows the note
             | to withdraw the same amount of Ethereum from the smart
             | contract.
             | 
             | Since zero-knowledge cryptography is used to ensure the
             | generated note cannot be linked to the depositing
             | transaction, it can be used to send money to yourself or
             | another person without revealing the identity of the
             | sender. There are criminal and non-criminal reasons to do
             | this.
             | 
             | Because it is a smart contract system, you do not have to
             | trust a person or organization with the money. You do have
             | to trust the smart contracts defining the system are
             | correct. The smart contracts are publicly available to read
             | and have been reviewed by many people, including software
             | audit organizations.
        
               | SilasX wrote:
               | Interesting! I'm surprised the regulated exchanges don't
               | blacklist coins connected to that smartcontract because
               | of the ease of facilitating laundering.
        
               | pcthrowaway wrote:
               | Since all crypto on smart contract platforms tumbles
               | around in defi and the various decentralized exchanges
               | all the time, this would effectively prevent anyone from
               | depositing their crypto to those exchanges, which would
               | make the exchange unusable.
               | 
               | To expand on that, say someone withdraws ETH from Tornado
               | cash and purchases an NFT with it. The seller of the NFT
               | then swaps their ETH for USDC on a decentralized exchange
               | (the ETH then goes into a pool). Later, a liquidity
               | provider to the ETH/USDC pool withdraws liquidity from
               | that pool, and sends their ETH to an exchange, let's say
               | Binance. If Binance blocked such deposits (and especially
               | if they did so without refunding the user on-chain), no
               | one would use Binance, and they'd also be the target of a
               | lot of lawsuits.
        
             | JaggerFoo wrote:
             | tornado.cash is a legitimate service, that happens to be
             | used by hackers that steal ethereum.
             | 
             | Check out their code on github.
        
               | gilrain wrote:
               | I wonder what percentage of their total volume it is that
               | "happens" to be used by hackers.
        
               | sneak wrote:
               | People who are not criminals deserve transaction privacy,
               | as well.
        
               | KeAShizukuTio wrote:
               | Haha tell that to the IRS they'd love it.
        
               | lottin wrote:
               | What would be the point of "transaction privacy"?
        
               | wpietri wrote:
               | That's a pretty funny definition of "legitimate". By that
               | standard, all of this malware is legitimate too!
               | https://github.com/ytisf/theZoo
        
               | cuteboy19 wrote:
               | I'm sure someone can come up with some legitimate use for
               | those. We came up with 'Linux isos' for torrents after
               | all
        
               | SilasX wrote:
               | How is it different from "TOR/some VPN is a legitimate
               | service that happens to be used by some hackers to cover
               | their tracks"?
        
               | wpietri wrote:
               | How many legitimate uses can you name for TOR? And how
               | many can you name for a money laundering service?
        
             | nvegater wrote:
             | It requires users to pay gas fees when making deposits, as
             | well as for the services that "obfuscate" the withdrawals.
             | Thats the payment. You trust that the nodes will obfuscate
             | the transactions to receive the fees. The rest is basic
             | smart contracts execution.
             | 
             | The compliance topic is tricky and deceptive. Only the user
             | with a "Note" is able to link deposit and withdrawal. With
             | this note the user can generate a proof of origin. This
             | makes tornado cash compliant enough.
             | 
             | E.G. If the withdrawal address is under Money laundry
             | suspicion, it may be urged to provide the origin of the
             | transaction. That is possible [1] but there is no way of a
             | 3rd party to Tag an account as "suspicious" based on the
             | Tornado chain information (due to the obfuscation done by
             | the Nodes that are getting the fees).
             | 
             | As far as I understand there is no accountability. The
             | regulators would have to persecute all the nodes for
             | helping out with the laundry. But there is no way for the
             | nodes to know they're participating in laundry. So they
             | cant be persecuted. Regulations needs to be invented for
             | this kind of schema.
             | 
             | Please someone correct me if I said anything wrong. Im not
             | an expert is just my conclusion based on some reading.
             | 
             | [1]: https://tornadocash.eth.link/compliance/
        
           | sparkling wrote:
           | I assume they stole just anything they got.
           | 
           | I'd assume any attacker would at least transfer everything to
           | a BTC/whatever address generated offline, then figure out
           | later how to launder it.
        
         | paulgb wrote:
         | > For context, this is the startup that has been using Matt
         | Damon as it's face.
         | 
         | They're also notable lately for getting the naming rights to
         | the (former) Staples Center.
         | 
         | > https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crypto.com_Arena
        
           | emerongi wrote:
           | They also have high-visibility ads in F1: https://www.formula
           | 1.com/en/latest/article.formula-1-announc...
           | 
           | I doubt it's very cheap to advertise in F1. You need to
           | outbid large competitors.
        
           | myth_drannon wrote:
           | I wouldn't call it a startup, it paid 700mil$ to rename an
           | arena!
        
             | pjc50 wrote:
             | Having been around on the first dotcom boom, renaming an
             | arena is an extremely startup thing to do if you've raised
             | a huge amount of money.
        
             | thow-58d4e8b wrote:
             | Venture capital used to be about placing small, diverse
             | bets on a lot promising startups - everybody in the process
             | was trying to make the world a better place
             | 
             | Since about 2018, VC game changed - now it's about brazenly
             | placing massive bets on a small set of startups of
             | increasingly questionable utility, using the funds and
             | clout to ram their way through into monopoly positions. Not
             | a speck of morality involved anymore - and nobody is even
             | trying to pretend otherwise
             | 
             | Public image hasn't yet caught up with this reality
        
               | wahnfrieden wrote:
               | we don't know if CDC funding is VC
        
               | mbesto wrote:
               | It's irrelevant what the funding comes from or how you
               | define it. VC, PE and Hedge funds all have fairly loose
               | definitions. But, _someone_ is funding it because it sure
               | ain 't coming from profits.
        
               | wahnfrieden wrote:
               | what's your analysis on their profits
        
               | gowld wrote:
               | CryptoPets.com incoming!
        
               | Spoom wrote:
               | It feels like a bubble to me. When I see Matt Damon
               | shilling crypto, it reminds me of pets.com Superbowl ads.
               | I think reality will catch up sooner or later.
        
               | KeAShizukuTio wrote:
               | I owned shares in a teak plantation in the late 1990s. We
               | make mistakes when blinded by greed.
        
               | CPLX wrote:
               | > everybody in the process was trying to make the world a
               | better place
               | 
               | have you actually met any VCs?
        
               | Wiseacre wrote:
               | I laughed out loud when I read that statement. Holy moly
               | the delusion is strong.
        
               | smeyer wrote:
               | >everybody in the process was trying to make the world a
               | better place
               | 
               | I think "everybody" here is a pretty substantial
               | overstatement. Plenty of folks were just trying to make
               | money, without much regard for whether it made the world
               | better or worse.
        
             | mikeyouse wrote:
             | Technically, they agreed to pay $700M over 20 years for
             | arena naming rights -- no idea what the deal actually looks
             | like but if you flat-line it, they're "only" paying
             | $35M/year. Which is still a ton of money but much more
             | reasonable in terms of cash out the door for a startup.
        
               | Tarsul wrote:
               | I hope this doesn't mean we have to endure 20 years of
               | this name on the nba court. With all this gambling
               | (sports betting) sponsoring of the NBA and now these
               | crypto sponsors, it really does look like the NBA has
               | sold out (also new trikot sponsor deals). It's a shame
               | how much they feast on hooking impressionable men on
               | gambling. Actually, thinking about it, there should be
               | more ads for f2p/mobile games, would fit perfectly in
               | this portfolio. (sorry for this rant but it really
               | disturbs me and I hope I'm not the only one)
        
               | mikeyouse wrote:
               | You'll have to endure it if you believe that Crypto.com
               | will exist 20 years from now. I'd bet even money they
               | won't exist in 5 years and the court is renamed in ~3
               | years.
               | 
               | I mostly agree on the gambling front too - gambling was
               | bad enough when you had to lure people to a casino but at
               | least that gave them the excuse of "It's my form of
               | entertainment, it's like going to a nightclub."
               | 
               | "The best minds of my generation are thinking about how
               | to make people click ads" -- not any more! Now they're
               | trying to find the shortest distance between users'
               | wallets and their RSUs. On the plus side, they can use
               | all of the targeting and persuasion techniques that have
               | been used to make TikTok/Instagram so addictive on
               | directly separating users from their money. Forget
               | selling a product!
        
               | paulgb wrote:
               | > I'd bet even money they won't exist in 5 years and the
               | court is renamed in ~3 years.
               | 
               | For some historic context, Enron Field lasted two seasons
               | and CMGI Field less than one, from what I can tell? I
               | wonder who holds the record.
        
               | gowld wrote:
               | Sports business has always loved sports betting. What you
               | are seeing now is relaxed regulation and new tech that
               | routes around existing regulation.
        
             | mbesto wrote:
             | Since no one really knows how to define a "startup" then
             | this whole discussion is basically moot.
             | 
             | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=11162052
        
           | ashtonkem wrote:
           | They took out huge ads in Vegas for re:invent. Personally
           | that set my alarm bells off pretty badly.
        
             | marcusjt wrote:
             | Yeah, seeing huge marketing spend by an organisation that's
             | not a massive brand with deep pockets always makes me
             | wonder where the money is coming from
        
               | wahnfrieden wrote:
               | they are already making a huge amount from spread etc.
        
         | vgeek wrote:
         | So does that make Crypto.com the equivalent of Teddy "KGB" and
         | the $34 million a lot more stacks of high society?
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | ammonammonammon wrote:
         | Ad even earlier started out with MCO as their iconic token,
         | then shifted to a new crypto while leaving early stakeholders
         | in the dark. Those early maneuvers were something of a red
         | flag.
        
           | JohnJamesRambo wrote:
           | Yep when I found out this was Monaco Coin guy rebranded,
           | everything Crypto.com does started making a lot more sense.
           | 
           | https://www.cryptovantage.com/news/opinion-the-crypto-com-
           | mc...
        
         | josu wrote:
         | The numbers match with the chain activity:
         | https://twitter.com/ErgoBTC/status/1483540849434763264
        
       | karmicthreat wrote:
       | So is starting a crypto exchange how many large crypto holders
       | plan to cash out?
        
       | n_time wrote:
       | Thank goodness it's decentralized and there are no single points
       | of failure.
        
         | mritchie712 wrote:
         | I'm guessing this is sarcasm? crypto.com is very very far from
         | a single point of failure.
        
           | boopboopbadoop wrote:
           | They might be alluding to the removal of centralized
           | authorities that would have otherwise been able to get that
           | money back.
        
             | capableweb wrote:
             | The allude from my naive point of view is that n_time
             | thinks we're lucky the network is decentralized and that
             | users are spread out over various wallet software and
             | services, so the impact of the issue was only related to a
             | sub-section of the network as a whole. But I might just
             | misunderstand the sarcasm or something.
        
               | tsimionescu wrote:
               | Well, traditional banking is much more decentralized in
               | this sense, as there are many more banks than crypto
               | exchanges, and the vast majority offer payment apps etc.
        
               | dematz wrote:
               | I assumed it's sarcastic, the point is even if the
               | network is decentralized in practice people use
               | centralized services.
        
         | thebean11 wrote:
         | How is this a single point of failure? The issue was limited to
         | a subset of users keeping funds in a Crypto.com wallet.
         | 
         | Unless by "it" you mean crypto.com and not Ethereum. Crypto.com
         | is not decentralized.
        
           | wpietri wrote:
           | And I think that's exactly the point. Cryptocurrency
           | promoters endlessly talk up how it's part of a decentralized
           | wave of the future. But in practice it's quite centralized,
           | and the incentives point in that direction for the future.
           | That's one of the points made very well recently by Moxie
           | Marlinspike: https://moxie.org/2022/01/07/web3-first-
           | impressions.html
        
             | vmception wrote:
             | It's objectively dumb to look at a service provider and
             | conflate that with what the proponents are talking about.
             | 
             | Have you considered that you are in the wrong decade? Its
             | year .. 13..? Its time to be up to speed on this.
             | 
             | If you run into a proponent that is also conflating these
             | things you should simply correct them about the difference
             | between onchain activities and third party centralized
             | service providers, which means educating yourself first.
             | 
             | The only reason the hacker gets to keep the funds and have
             | no civil or criminal liability is because of them using the
             | actual decentralized rails and uncensorable contracts such
             | as Tornado.cash
        
             | thebean11 wrote:
             | It's not centralized though, crypto.com is one of many
             | exchanges. Anybody can create an exchange, and a failure in
             | one exchange doesn't propagate to the rest of the network.
             | 
             | Do you consider a website breaking a single point of
             | failure for the internet?
        
               | iooi wrote:
               | It's not centralized though, chase.com is one of many
               | banks. Anybody can create a bank, and a failure in one
               | bank doesn't propagate to the rest of the market.
        
               | thebean11 wrote:
               | Yup, in that sense banks are decentralized in a
               | way..although there is a bank called the "central bank"
               | that creates the base monetary supply, so not sure I
               | totally agree with the comparison..
               | 
               | But yes, I would agree that banks are about as
               | decentralized as crypto exchanges. But that's kind of the
               | point, you shouldn't conflate exchanges (or banks) with
               | the currency itself.
        
               | wpietri wrote:
               | The original vision of Bitcoin was "a peer-to-peer
               | electronic cash system" "allowing any two willing parties
               | to transact directly with each other without the need for
               | a trusted third party". So yes, something like crypto.com
               | represents significant centralization.
        
               | thebean11 wrote:
               | Crypto.com and its customers are willing parties who can
               | transact with each other using this system, I'm not sure
               | what your point is. The problem here is that one party
               | trusted another party to hold on to their funds, and the
               | holding party lost the funds. How is that an indictment
               | of the protocol itself?
               | 
               | Or put another way, how does Crypto.com and other
               | centralized systems prevent me from using Bitcoin the
               | "right" way?
        
               | wpietri wrote:
               | Did you read the Marlinspike post? I think he's pretty
               | clear on the issues.
               | 
               | But in brief my point is that as with internet itself, a
               | protocol that allows for decentralization is not
               | sufficient for something to be truly decentralized.
               | Despite the vast amounts of hype about the
               | decentralization of cryptocurrency and "web3", in
               | practice we are seeing that it's tending toward
               | centralization. Which personally I don't care about
               | except the extent to which I still have to listen to the
               | hype that has less and less connection to the practical
               | reality.
        
               | thehappypm wrote:
               | It's not an indictment of the protocol, so much as it is
               | saying that the protocol is too low-level for average
               | users and therefore centralized players (like Coinbase)
               | tend to step in and provide the desired service.
        
               | thebean11 wrote:
               | I'm not sure, is the x86 instruction set too low level?
               | Yes if you expect users to interact with it directly, but
               | not for user facing products to be built on top of.
               | 
               | You can point to centralized products built on top of
               | blockchain, but also decentralized ones.
        
               | thehappypm wrote:
               | Yet the popular ones are centralized, no?
        
               | thebean11 wrote:
               | Uniswap is one of the biggest exchanges and is fully
               | decentralized. Things are trending that way.
        
               | thehappypm wrote:
               | Trending? Really?
        
               | thebean11 wrote:
               | Yes. A few years ago decentralized exchanges did not
               | exist, now one of the largest exchanges is fully
               | decentralized..Obviously simple payments could always be
               | made in a decentralized way but creating actual
               | applications wasn't possible until recently.
        
             | TameAntelope wrote:
             | But crypto is decentralized? This Crypto.com security issue
             | is wholly unrelated to how blockchain technology works...
        
           | smokey_circles wrote:
           | It is the implementation.
           | 
           | I believe in bitcoin, works well and I don't blame the
           | consumer for the producer's problems when it comes to power.
           | 
           | But exchanges have become a key part of the implementation.
           | 
           | That's not the real issue though. The issue is the _need_ for
           | exchanges. They provide a host of services, mostly all of
           | which are antithetical to the loftier ideals espoused by
           | bitcoin.
           | 
           | Too many crypto fans waltz passed this glaringly obvious
           | issue and these kinds of stories will never go away as a
           | result.
           | 
           | If banks get hacked, nobody blames the internet. "a small sub
           | section of the system" applies as aptly to the blockchain as
           | it does the global financial system, and I'm pretty confident
           | being a locally popular trading commodity amongst edge
           | communities is not the central goal for bitcoin
        
             | danuker wrote:
             | > and I'm pretty confident being a locally popular trading
             | commodity amongst edge communities is not the central goal
             | for bitcoin
             | 
             | Given the transaction fees needed for a distributed-enough
             | network, and the bureaucracy needed when trading, it is not
             | very useful as a currency, at least not for small payments,
             | excluding Lightning.
             | 
             | So it's a commodity.
        
               | thebean11 wrote:
               | Excluding lightning and layer 2 solutions like rollups.
               | Why would you make those exclusions though?
        
         | capableweb wrote:
         | I agree. Imagine if a centralized system was compromised and
         | every single account holder was at risk. Instead there is only
         | a small sub-section of accounts that were vulnerable, thank
         | goodness for that.
        
       | ouid wrote:
       | I'm confused. Ostensibly the tradeoff for crypto is that only you
       | know the secret factors that allow you to spend money, but there
       | is no possibility of reversing a fraudulent transaction. If you
       | give the keys to someone else, you lose the first condition,
       | which was the benefit, but keep the second condition, which was
       | the drawback. There was no reason to give anyone anyone else your
       | keys!
        
         | qqii wrote:
         | There's no reason you cannot construct a token that can be
         | frozen and reversed - USDT (other issues as side) being an
         | example. Accounts as we know them don't have to be at the level
         | of public address-private key but rather a smart contract as
         | seen by Loopring.
         | 
         | The difference is what was centralised is now decentralised,
         | what was implicit and required trust is now explicit and
         | requires formal verification.
        
           | swalsh wrote:
           | USDC has a blacklist feature too. I don't think funds are
           | reversed though, just frozen (my rough understanding)
        
         | thr0wawayf00 wrote:
         | This is the downside of decentralization that doesn't get
         | enough attention. Digital wallets are just too cumbersome to
         | use on their own for the vast majority of people and carry a
         | lot of risks.
         | 
         | I like how when my credit card gets a fraudulent transaction,
         | all I have to do is push a button on my phone and it magically
         | goes away. This is a major, major benefit of having a central
         | authority.
        
           | vmception wrote:
           | Decentralized crypto currency is a benefit for everyone
           | willing to take a shot at how much they can collect before
           | they themselves get hacked.
           | 
           | Its a human coordination mechanism that forces other humans
           | to make it increasingly more resilient when under pressure.
           | 
           | It is Machiavellian with no evolutionary dead ends, just
           | mutating and hardening due to the needs of all of its ever
           | growing participants. Rapid market based iteration on
           | steroids.
        
       | labrador wrote:
       | It seems to me that while banning crypto by western governments
       | is politically untenable, a better way would be to have their
       | security services keep hacking it to make it unattractive
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | Applejinx wrote:
         | Why would they not be doing both, if getting replaced as a
         | money standard by an anarchist cybercurrency was an existential
         | threat to these western governments?
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | salawat wrote:
         | ...It's totally politically tenable if it's nigh impossible to
         | wrangle necks to wring to hold service providers accountable.
         | What? Do you think Principles of System Architecture are
         | completely absent in the public space?
         | 
         | Why do you think everything tends to centralize? To keep things
         | localizable.
         | 
         | ...Until that backfires anyway. Thank you 2008.
        
       | smnplk wrote:
       | Why shouldn't I work for Crypto.com ? That's a tough one but I'll
       | take a shot. -- Will from Good Will Hunting
        
         | Kon-Peki wrote:
         | "How do you like _them_ apples? " will be the Crypto.com
         | response to anyone that lost their money.
        
           | exdsq wrote:
           | No-one lost any money :)
        
             | thehappypm wrote:
             | Crypto.com sure did.
        
       | sneak wrote:
       | I still can't believe that Matt Blaze finally sold crypto.com to
       | them, after so many years of refusing.
       | 
       | We all have our price.
        
       | vmception wrote:
       | Crypto.com giving me some WAP
       | 
       | > with enhancements we've made to our security infrastructure and
       | the introduction of the Worldwide Account Protection Program.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | ancode wrote:
       | Pretty sure crypto.com doesn't actually hold some of the stuff
       | they allow you to trade. Chia coin would be the example, they
       | allow you to 'purchase' but not withdraw it to your own wallet.
        
       | londons_explore wrote:
       | Who backs this WAPP scheme? If it's just crypto.com, then it's
       | worthless against a widespread hack of their infrastructure.
        
       | kingcharles wrote:
       | I assume they have SMS as a 2FA option and that was the weak
       | link?
        
         | rvz wrote:
         | > SMS as a 2FA option
         | 
         | I hope not, if that is true.
         | 
         | The year is 2022 and companies managing >$100B in assets are
         | STILL using SMS 2FA for protecting their life savings, despite
         | SIM hijacking and SIM swapping still about.
         | 
         | Quite pathetic really.
        
           | shmatt wrote:
           | These companies want more cash heavy users. Like those older
           | than 50.
           | 
           | There is absolutely no way my parents could figure out 2fa in
           | any way other than phone call/sms. They would be cutting out
           | the less technical crowd, which is exactly who they're trying
           | to convince to buy in
        
             | AlexandrB wrote:
             | It's one thing to offer SMS in addition to other 2FA
             | options. It's completely another when SMS is the _only_ 2FA
             | option at these institutions. See also: Canadian banks (at
             | least the ones that even support 2FA of any kind).
        
       | nathias wrote:
       | What is the robbery of a CEX compared to the founding of a CEX?
        
       | dabeeeenster wrote:
       | > In an abundance of caution, we revamped and migrated to a
       | completely new 2FA infrastructure.
       | 
       | That isn't the technical solution I was looking for...
        
       | iambateman wrote:
       | Act I: Matt Damon, looking out over the face of his space
       | empire..."the Future belongs to the Brave"
       | 
       | ...
       | 
       | Act II: thousands of men and women sign up to be brave with semi-
       | retired Jason Bourne.
       | 
       | ...
       | 
       | Act III: "we regret to inform you that our security protocols are
       | a disaster".
        
       | gitfan86 wrote:
       | I am a cyber security consultant for startups. The first thing
       | that I communicate is that just by not being in crypto you have
       | drastically lowered your risk profile.
       | 
       | Attackers care a lot about what they can get to if they are able
       | to breach your security.
        
         | mritchie712 wrote:
         | How many startups do you talk to that are "on the fence" with
         | somehow using crypto in their product? Seems pretty core to
         | what the company would be doing.
        
           | danaris wrote:
           | I dunno, I've seen a _lot_ of mentions of different companies
           | trying to stuff crypto /blockchain in to seem trendy and
           | marketable when it's clear that there's absolutely nothing
           | crypto/blockchain brings to that use case.
           | 
           | (In fact, I have yet to see a single genuine use case for
           | cryptocurrencies or blockchain that aren't served at least as
           | well by more proven technologies, aside from "separating
           | money from fools" and "making libertarians/anarchocapitalists
           | squee".)
        
         | dogman144 wrote:
         | I do a bit of the same and this seems to be a silly thing to
         | communicate as part of a security audit. Ok, step 1 SMB
         | insurance company paying me to audit - by not being in
         | Afghanistan, you have a severely reduced risk of business
         | invasion and extortion. Seems like a really wonky way to
         | communicate a risk profile and first-exposure to security
         | professionals by a SMB. Plenty of SMBs with janky POS systems
         | get pretty nasty PII attacks.
        
           | gitfan86 wrote:
           | I'm advising people at the executive level. They do not care
           | about the details of hashing PII, they want to know how
           | likely it is that they will be targeted and how likely that
           | attack is to succeed. And the fact is that an insurance
           | company gets targeted far less often than crypto companies.
        
             | exdsq wrote:
             | Is that true? Are there metrics of how many attacks are
             | completed on an SMB that does and does not have crypto? And
             | how is it known that those with crypto are suddenly easier
             | targets than those without it?
             | 
             | Edit: For the downvotes, if this is such an obvious
             | question then be proactive and share the metrics - I'm
             | skeptical this is the case but happy to be proved wrong.
        
             | IAmEveryone wrote:
             | That must be my mistake... I only ever advise companies on
             | the parking level.
        
         | vmception wrote:
         | and then you follow that with "If you care about non-dilutive
         | capital and making a ton of money for yourself you should pivot
         | your startup to crypto"
        
         | capableweb wrote:
         | Eh, yes of course, what are you saying really? Is there some
         | deeper point I miss?
         | 
         | Just like finance companies have a different risk profile than
         | companies generating bingo cards, crypto companies have
         | different risk profiles than other non-financial ones. Are
         | people arguing that this is not true or something?
        
           | gitfan86 wrote:
           | People generally don't understand how vast the difference is.
           | The pro crypto narrative has pushed the idea that "Blockchain
           | is more secure" because "it cannot be edited" when in reality
           | that feature makes it much more of a target for attackers
           | because once they transfer the coins the transfer cannot be
           | edited. In comparison if an attacker gets a credit card that
           | card could be disabled and or have transactions cancelled.
        
             | kyboren wrote:
             | > In comparison if an attacker gets a credit card that card
             | could be disabled and or have transactions cancelled.
             | 
             | That's why attackers never go after credit card numbers,
             | right?
             | 
             | I think non-revertible payments do not really make a big
             | difference to attackers, it just makes value extraction
             | more efficient. Some percentage of fraudulent transactions
             | will always make it through. So long as the funds
             | accessible to the attacker are sufficiently large, it's
             | still a juicy target. 10% of 200 megadollars is still 20
             | megadollars.
             | 
             | I agree with @capableweb2. They're an attractive target
             | because they are a financial company with control over lots
             | of value, not because of anything to do with
             | cryptocurrencies in particular.
        
               | KeAShizukuTio wrote:
               | No they go after crypto bros because hacking banks is
               | actually hard unlike these shady clowns based in Dubai or
               | whatever.
        
           | ncallaway wrote:
           | Crypto companies have a different risk profile than most
           | finance companies.
           | 
           | For most finance companies, if they have a whoopsie and lose
           | money to a software boo-boo, they'll just reverse the
           | transaction. Times when such a transaction cannot be reversed
           | (https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-03-19/citigroup
           | ...) are the extremely rare exception, and are adjudicated by
           | a civil court.
           | 
           | Whereas if a crypto company has their wallets breached, it's
           | almost certainly immediately irreversible.
        
       | zknill wrote:
       | The Worldwide Account Protection Program seems to be a way for
       | Crypto.com to limit their exposure, while marketing it as
       | "protection" for the customers.
       | 
       | Around $34million stolen, 483 users affected. If the funds were
       | spread evenly, then each user would have lost about $71k. But the
       | funds won't be evenly spread (average). It's likely some users
       | will have lost much more, and some much less.
       | 
       | From the announcement, it looks like Crypto.com is making the
       | users whole again;
       | 
       | > No customers experienced a loss of funds.
       | 
       | This means that (in some cases) Crypto.com was on the hook for
       | much more than $71k / user. The WAPP appears to put a series of
       | conditions on the user, and introduce an upper limit to the
       | amount that Crypto.com will return in the future.
       | 
       | > WAPP restores funds up to USD$250,000 for qualified users;
       | terms & conditions apply.
       | 
       | > Enable Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA) on all transaction
       | types where MFA is currently available,
       | 
       | > Set up an anti-phishing code at least 21 days prior to the
       | reported unauthorized transaction,
       | 
       | > Not be using jailbroken devices,
       | 
       | > File a police report and provide a copy of it to Crypto.com;
       | and
       | 
       | > Complete a questionnaire to support a forensic investigation.
       | 
       | This looks more like a mechanism to limit Crypto.com's exposure
       | to future events than it does a policy to protect users.
        
         | KennyBlanken wrote:
         | >From the announcement, it looks like Crypto.com is making the
         | users whole again;
         | 
         | >> No customers experienced a loss of funds.
         | 
         | Let's believe that when we hear someone other than the company
         | saying it.
         | 
         | > File a police report and provide a copy of it to Crypto.com
         | 
         | Yeah, I'm sure tons of crypto holders will get right on that.
        
         | vmception wrote:
         | Sure but exchanges have their own treasury, they make _alotttt_
         | of money
         | 
         | Why lead with the ponzi assumption? There are so many more
         | quantifiable assumptions
        
         | loceng wrote:
         | And so what are we going to do as a society with these stolen
         | funds? Playing a wallet mixing tracking game is a rat race and
         | a waste of energy, otherwise we need a centralized system [on
         | an immutable blockchain] to keep track of stolen funds, to then
         | cross-reference every transaction with at point of
         | sale/transfer - to then prevent it, no?
         | 
         | If not a centralized solution like above then what? We just
         | allow stolen funds to be used now or any point in the future,
         | rewarding criminal behaviour?
        
           | roywiggins wrote:
           | There's no centralized system to track stolen dollars (at
           | least not in the sense you're talking about), so I don't know
           | why crypto would necessarily need one.
        
             | lottin wrote:
             | Look up "anti-money laundering".
        
             | capableweb wrote:
             | Doesn't the USD have a unique serial number associated with
             | each bill? I'm sure when banks make in-transport transfers
             | between entities, they know exactly which series they are
             | transporting, and if a robbery happen, they share those
             | series that got stolen with the police. If the police makes
             | some unrelated arrest and find a bunch of bills, they can
             | probably trivially look up if that money have been involved
             | in anything before that.
        
             | AlexandrB wrote:
             | Doesn't some federal law enforcement agency track serial
             | numbers of stolen cash? Or have I been watching too many
             | crime dramas?
        
         | CPLX wrote:
         | Didn't they say that 443 BTC was stolen? Isn't that around
         | $200MM all by itself? Or did I miss a part of this?
        
           | ipsin wrote:
           | $20MM
        
             | CPLX wrote:
             | That's what I get for doing math in my head quickly.
        
         | gowld wrote:
         | > This looks more like a mechanism to limit Crypto.com's
         | exposure to future events than it does a policy to protect
         | users.
         | 
         | That's fine. It lays out the risk exposure in concrete terms
         | and defining their market offering. If you use a jailbroken
         | device, or have more than $250K in funds, or are holding crypto
         | for illegal purposes, don't put it in Crypto.com. Same as FDIC
         | insured savings accounts that are limited to $250K.
        
         | wpietri wrote:
         | > No customers experienced a loss of funds.
         | 
         | I mean, there's still plenty of money in other people's
         | accounts they can use to cover the losses.
         | 
         | Does anybody know whether the regulatory regime they operate
         | under is sound? If a US bank lost this kind of customer money
         | in a theft, I'd have some confidence that the the FDIC and the
         | Federal Reserve would make sure they actually had all the money
         | they were claiming they had. But personally I'd hate to bank
         | purely on the internal controls of a Singaporean subsidiary of
         | a Maltese company.
        
           | WheatM wrote:
        
           | GrumpyNl wrote:
           | Please explain how they can use the money from other people
           | account to cover the losses. If i had a account there, i
           | wouldn't allow them to use my money to cover this.
        
             | secondaryacct wrote:
             | Easy: imagine one of the poor sobs decides to withdraw, hop
             | a bit of creative accounting and your money is borrowed to
             | pay for the withdrawal.
             | 
             | It s not each of the user individually seeing their balance
             | go down, it s the company lying even more about its ability
             | to liquidate all accounts.
             | 
             | Your number on their html page they graciously present to
             | you will go unchanged. It s not a new phenomenon, every
             | bank does it, except crypto.com does it to pay losses for a
             | theft while banks would do it to lend to a baker buying a
             | bakery on mortgage. If said baker screws up and cant repay,
             | and many more others as well, clients cant all withdraw the
             | pretty number.
             | 
             | Another interesting difference is that a bank pays you for
             | lending to them with your savings account, at market rate
             | (very low these days), while I dont think crypto ponzis do
             | because you re suppose to just wait and moon.
        
               | ashtonkem wrote:
               | Also, banks are insured by the government (FDIC) and
               | heavily regulated to reduce the risk of failure. Crypto
               | exchanges are not, which is why they seem to fail about
               | as often as a 19th century bank would.
        
               | secondaryacct wrote:
               | Being insured by the gov for up to a certain amount will
               | not solve the default issue (this is what crypto.com is
               | pretending with their eerily similar worldwide protection
               | thing), it was made to save poor people from complete
               | ruin, not protect your savings.
               | 
               | If you re retiring and expect the bank to be good on a
               | million $ worth of some sort of instrument, you're fucked
               | minus 250k.
               | 
               | And this is totally fine: you re compensated for a low
               | risk of default when you lend to your "savings account"
               | and must accept this could happen. There s no way to make
               | money waiting doing nothing risklessly. Creeptards know
               | that well, they all in on wind, there s no worse risk.
        
             | arcticbull wrote:
             | This is exactly what Bitfinex did back in 2016. They were
             | 'hacked' for $72M, or about 36% of their assets at the
             | time. They logged in, and removed 36% of everyone's account
             | balances and replaced them with IOU tokens. [1] In fact it
             | was believed that Coinbase was a Bitfinex customer at that
             | time - and that they were one of the few accounts not
             | actually given a haircut because I assume their lawyers
             | mumbled something about 'fraudulent conversion.' [2]
             | 
             | [1] https://www.reuters.com/article/us-bitfinex-hacked-
             | hongkong/...
             | 
             | [2] https://definitions.uslegal.com/f/fraudulent-conversion
        
             | alar44 wrote:
             | This... Is literally how banks work.
        
               | arcticbull wrote:
               | Banks do not work this way. Banks have insurance
               | policies, both private and federal, that would cover the
               | losses.
        
               | contravariant wrote:
               | Banks _might_ be protected under some federal
               | legislation, but overall it doesn 't really make much
               | sense for any sizeable bank to insure themselves with
               | some other party. For any non-rare event it's much easier
               | to just keep some emergency money at hand. The only thing
               | it'd make sense to insure themselves against are large
               | scale damages that exceed the amount they can reasonably
               | write off, but if the damages exceed the amount of funds
               | a _bank_ has readily available then there 's little
               | chance anyone else can cough up that amount of money
               | other than the government.
        
               | dragonwriter wrote:
               | > Banks do not work this way
               | 
               | Yes, they do.
               | 
               | > Banks have insurance policies, both private and
               | federal, that would cover the losses.
               | 
               | The federal insurance policy covers _you_ if, after
               | operating this way (or for some other reason) the bank
               | ends up without money to cover your account (and, the
               | regulation that comes with the insurance means that it 's
               | more likely that the Federal government will force the
               | sale of your bank to one that does have extra money to
               | cover your account even before that happens.)
               | 
               | But banks still operate as described (and using some of
               | their pool of assets to buy private insurance is
               | functionally the same as just adjusting the balances of
               | people it is compensating for losses and increasing risk
               | to others by doing so, except it smooths things a bit
               | over time at the expense of higher average cost.)
        
               | arcticbull wrote:
               | Banks do not take money from other accounts to cover
               | operating losses, lol, thats almost certainly several
               | crimes. [citation needed].
               | 
               | > But banks still operate as described (and using some of
               | their pool of assets to buy private insurance is
               | functionally the same as just adjusting the balances of
               | people it is compensating for losses and increasing risk
               | to others by doing so, except it smooths things a bit
               | over time at the expense of higher average cost.)
               | 
               | It's really not. Customer deposits are segregated from
               | the operating accounts in accordance with applicable law.
               | You're not suggesting they're taking payroll out of
               | customer deposits are you?
        
               | dragonwriter wrote:
               | > Banks do not take money from other accounts to cover
               | operating losses
               | 
               | Banks don't keep money segregated in accounts.
               | 
               | Banks have reserves, and accounts basically record the
               | right of people to draw money.
               | 
               | When they cover a fraud loss from one account by
               | increasing the balance for that account to make the owner
               | whole, they are doing _exactly_ what crypto.com would be
               | doing. Neither involves taking balances from others
               | accounts, but both increase the risk of inability to
               | cover accounts (including those of other people) as a
               | result. Now, yes, banks provide consumers with more
               | protection against the risk this creates, and are
               | regulated in ways which make them less likely to do it to
               | an extent which would create as much risk as a hype
               | driven crypto exchange in the first place, but in terms
               | of the basic mechanics, it is not any different than what
               | has been suggested.
               | 
               | The model of money actually being held segregated in an
               | account works for things like lawyers holding client
               | funds and a very few other specific things, but it
               | doesn't really capture what goes on with banks at all.
        
             | Scoundreller wrote:
             | Banks pay out losses from the profits generated by other
             | account holders all the time. Just gotta hope their losses
             | never exceed their profits.
        
             | swalsh wrote:
             | This was the path Mt Gox went after they were hacked.
             | Didn't work out so well for them in the end.
        
             | ncallaway wrote:
             | > If i had a account there, i wouldn't allow them to use my
             | money to cover this.
             | 
             | They're...not going to ask your permission?
             | 
             | If you have an account there, they have a large central
             | pile of assets, and a database row saying that you are
             | entitled to X amount of those assets. Someone else has a
             | database row saying that they are entitled to Y amount of
             | those assets.
             | 
             | If someone breaks into the other account, and makes an
             | illicit transfer, then Y goes down and the central pile of
             | assets goes down. If crypto.com makes the other account
             | whole, they simply increase Y back to the original amount.
             | But the central pile of assets hasn't gone up accordingly.
             | They just used "your money" to cover this, and they don't
             | ask you for permission.
             | 
             | When you go to them later and say: "I want to withdraw my X
             | somewhere else", they might say: "I'm sorry, we don't have
             | X right now". That's a run on the bank.
             | 
             | Fortunately, we have protections around specific
             | institutions to prevent these kinds of situations.
             | Capitalization requirements, FDIC, etc. Unfortunately, if
             | you have an account with crypto.com, none of those
             | protections exist for you. You're banking on them having
             | the funds when you ask to withdraw them.
        
               | GrumpyNl wrote:
               | Ok, i get it now.
        
             | iLoveOncall wrote:
             | You're aware your bank (not crypto bank, just Bank of
             | America or whatever competitor) uses your money to invest
             | and doesn't just keep in into a vault, right?
        
             | wpietri wrote:
             | That's touchingly innocent.
             | 
             | As an example, take Bernie Madoff. He took in people's cash
             | and then sent them regular statements about how much money
             | they had. But they were just statements doctored to look
             | good. When some people withdrew money, he just gave them
             | money that was handy. At some point, the difference between
             | the numbers on the statements and the actual assets was
             | over $50 billion. More details here:
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madoff_investment_scandal
             | 
             | None of the Madoff investors "allowed" it. I don't know
             | anything about Crypto.com, but the same thing is surely
             | happening with other "crypto" companies. It doesn't even
             | have to be malice; often a failure starts out with some
             | event like a sudden loss to theft. Insiders believe they
             | can make the money back, so they just keep on operating and
             | hope nobody notices.
             | 
             | This opportunity for divergence between reported and actual
             | funds is one of the big reasons US banks are highly
             | regulated. The FDIC is on the hook for large sums in the
             | event of failures, so they're quite vigorous in making
             | making sure that doesn't happen too often.
        
             | oefrha wrote:
             | Ever heard of Mt. Gox?
        
             | dragonwriter wrote:
             | > Please explain how they can use the money from other
             | people account to cover the losses.
             | 
             | Once it enters their hands, the money isn't really "from" a
             | particular account in any tangible way.
             | 
             | > If i had a account there, i wouldn't allow them to use my
             | money to cover this.
             | 
             | An account is just a record of funds to which you are
             | entitled; there are certain types of relations where
             | someone keeping money for you legally needs to keep it
             | segregated from other funds of theirs, but crypto.com
             | doesn't have that kind of relationship with account
             | holders. If they don't provide you with your funds when you
             | ask, you can try legal action to recover it, but you don't
             | have a veto on whether they update the entry recording
             | someone else's balance to make them whole after a hack,
             | even if that increases the risk that they won't have your
             | money when you want to withdraw it.
        
         | eof wrote:
         | I think you're right, mostly. As a user I'd like to know
         | explicitly what my risk factor is.
         | 
         | Any exchange or custodian has a non zero chance of getting
         | hacked or inside-jobbed; unlike fiat currencies there is no
         | judicial process that is going to maybe let me claw my stuff
         | back.
         | 
         | A sort of fdic insurance for custodian crypto accounts, is an
         | inevitable market solution.
        
         | boring_twenties wrote:
         | > Not be using jailbroken devices
         | 
         | So does a normal PC count as a jailbroken device? If not, what
         | makes having root access on a phone any different?
        
       | uptown wrote:
       | Fortune favors the brave...and also apparently anyone who can
       | circumvent the 2FA protections.
        
       | the_svd_doctor wrote:
       | "Crypto.com will be releasing additional end-user security
       | features as we move away from 2-Factor Authentication and to true
       | Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA), providing added strength for
       | our global user base."
       | 
       | What does this mean? Does MFA means xFA for x > 2?
        
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