[HN Gopher] AI could end foreign-language subtitles
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       AI could end foreign-language subtitles
        
       Author : inetsee
       Score  : 22 points
       Date   : 2022-01-19 22:11 UTC (51 minutes ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.axios.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.axios.com)
        
       | dmitriid wrote:
       | This will not happen for many, many years to come.
       | 
       | That is, companies will try it, there will be some bad and
       | ridiculous results, there will be pusheback and the tech will
       | largely be ignored for a decade or so.
       | 
       | Main problems will be intonation and inflection. What is a
       | question to an English speaker is a regular sentence to a
       | Russian. And so on. "Petabytes of data from primarily English-
       | speaking libraries" mean jack shit if you wnt to actually do
       | voice translation into/from foreign languages
        
         | nostrademons wrote:
         | I'd encourage you to listen to some cutting edge speech
         | synthesis like Google Duplex:
         | 
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ijwHj2HaOT0
         | 
         | This is live in production today - business owners are getting
         | calls from robots, and you can trigger it yourself with Google
         | Assistant.
         | 
         | [Disclaimer: I work(ed) on Google Assistant - I'm in the
         | process of transferring out - and have listened to some
         | presentations about how Duplex works. It's pretty crazy
         | technology.]
        
       | nefitty wrote:
       | An adjacent concern: Ads bad, yeah, but I appreciate the growing
       | trend of subtitling them. I'm surprised there isn't some existing
       | regulation on that, in the same way that streaming services are
       | required to include them. The lower the cost of accessibility
       | features, the more inclusive the media we consume can become.
        
       | Rodeoclash wrote:
       | I think it's a great option but their is an art to translations.
       | This applies especially to books (I'm reading an English
       | translation of https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zorba_the_Greek
       | which is very well done) and while you do have less dialog with
       | movies, I wonder if some subtleties will be missed, particularly
       | around humour.
        
       | donkarma wrote:
       | Yeah I forgot the only use of subtitles is for hearing people
        
       | kingkawn wrote:
       | I want to watch the original language with text, not listen to
       | english adaptation whether synthesized or acted.
        
       | aaron695 wrote:
        
       | iratewizard wrote:
       | About as likely as I am to sit through a blockbuster with my
       | friends and family deepfaked onto the cast.
        
         | echelon wrote:
         | That sounds like a lot of fun. Especially if you can
         | change/correct character position and posture.
        
       | kashunstva wrote:
       | I feel the same way about this as I do about reading poetry in
       | translation, or listening to the (fortunately rare) opera sung in
       | translation. There's something integral about the native
       | qualities of the original language that I can't imagine would
       | survive the AI process.
        
       | 6gvONxR4sf7o wrote:
       | > More Netflix subscribers watched dubbed versions of "Squid
       | Game" than subtitled versions.
       | 
       | The default of you load it is dubbed, right? That's what it
       | started for me. So this stat probably has more to do with the
       | default than anything else. They're making a weak case that this
       | problem even needs solving.
        
         | nkozyra wrote:
         | > The default of you load it is dubbed, right?
         | 
         | I don't think so, at least not for me.
        
       | aeturnum wrote:
       | This would be a lovely option to have and I find it hilarious
       | that anyone imagines that subtitles are some kind of problem we
       | are trying to get out of.
       | 
       | Adding text to movies has a huge array of advantages: it
       | preserves the original performances, it makes the dialog
       | accessible to people with hearing or auditory processing
       | disabilities, they can be multiplexed in a way that audio cannot,
       | etc. Obviously it would be wonderful to have an 'autodub' option!
       | But the times where one would use it seem quite narrow.
        
         | Bilal_io wrote:
         | I can confirm as an anime fan, when watching One Piece I prefer
         | to watch it in Japanese as the dubbed version sounds odd.
         | 
         | it was an advantage growing up watching Hollywood movies in
         | English with Arabic subtitles, it helped me learn the language.
        
           | moffkalast wrote:
           | It also helps when what you're watching has atrocious audio
           | mixing (looking at you Nolan), or you have shit speakers, or
           | actors mumble or whisper, in which case it's helpful to have
           | them as an aid when something's not clear.
        
         | hepaminondas wrote:
         | Yes. It also forces people to read and allows them to be
         | exposed to foreign languages.
        
         | Swizec wrote:
         | Coming from a non english country I can assure you that dubbing
         | is the worst. When we were kids we would actively avoid
         | watching anything that was dubbed as soon as we could read.
         | 
         | It's actually funny seeing how frustrated with subtitles my
         | American girlfriend gets when we watch anything foreign. "You
         | mean this basic skill every 7 year old has is hard for you, an
         | educated super smart 30 year old? Bwahahaha"
         | 
         | I still prefer watching everything with subtitles. Actors
         | mumble a lot.
        
           | samtheDamned wrote:
           | > I still prefer watching everything with subtitles. Actors
           | mumble a lot.
           | 
           | Yep I have no problems hearing but newer movies and shows
           | have uneven mixing where it can get really hard to hear over
           | the background noise and subtitles come in clutch constantly
           | for that
        
           | stormbrew wrote:
           | I have complicated feelings about this. I also watch most
           | things with subtitles these days, because either (or probably
           | both) my hearing is going a bit or sound design/editing in
           | films and tv shows has gotten worse, but there is a non-
           | trivial difference in how I perceive things with or without.
           | 
           | With subtitles my eyes are drawn more often to a part of the
           | screen where nothing visual is happening. They aren't glued
           | there, but it does create some bias. I have occasionally
           | rewatched a scene without subtitles and noticed a lot of
           | subtlety in the performance I had missed the first time
           | though.
           | 
           | That said, a bad dub is at _least_ as distracting. Probably
           | much more so, if anything. I would rather watch a bad sub
           | than a bad dub, though I have occasionally enjoyed dubbed
           | things as well. I don 't think it's an all or nothing thing,
           | but "never watch dubs" is the hard line heuristic that makes
           | sense to me if you're gonna go that way.
        
           | openknot wrote:
           | I share the same experience of preferring subtitles over
           | dubs, coming from an English country. This is most popular
           | with Japanese media like anime (like movies like 'Your
           | Name'/'Kimi no wa na' or Attack on Titan). It also fits for
           | foreign language films (e.g. preferring the original German
           | for The Lives of Others/Wings of Desire).
           | 
           | Crucially, outside of preference, subtitles are occasionally
           | necessary for translating text on the screen (e.g. on
           | building signs, newspaper front pages, posters, chalkboard
           | writing), as information is conveyed solely through writing
           | without spoken dialogue.
           | 
           | For example, consider the chalkboard scene in "Komi san can't
           | communicate": https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JoH8I-NC5tM .
           | It's key to the story that a character has trouble
           | communicating verbally, so subtitles are essential to
           | understand the written communication on the chalkboard. (You
           | can then compare to a more extensively subtitled version that
           | translates all the text on the board; good subtitles make a
           | difference to storytelling: https://old.reddit.com/r/anime/co
           | mments/qdjgba/the_blackboar...).
        
           | pessimizer wrote:
           | As an english first language speaker, I even find english
           | subtitles on english language media very distracting. I
           | consume a huge amount of subtitled films/tv because most good
           | things aren't in english, but subtitles keep my eyes focused
           | on the bottom of the screen.
           | 
           | I don't like dubbing because it's generally much lower
           | quality than the original performance, but I get why people
           | who don't have a problem reading could prefer it.
        
           | Kuinox wrote:
           | It depends of the country.
           | 
           | French have great dubs and most of the movie released are
           | watched dubbed.
        
         | commandlinefan wrote:
         | > subtitles are some kind of problem
         | 
         | Heck, they're not even limited to foreign languages. I put them
         | on in English because I'm starting to lose my hearing now in my
         | late 40's and if I turn up the volume loud enough that I can
         | hear the dialogue ok, the sound effects would be so loud they'd
         | set off the neighbor's car alarm.
        
         | nkozyra wrote:
         | > I find it hilarious that anyone imagines that subtitles are
         | some kind of problem we are trying to get out of.
         | 
         | I think there's a lot of gatekeeping about this. People -
         | perhaps rightfully so - believe subtitled versions to be more
         | ... "pure" than dubbed versions.
         | 
         | I don't watch any language dubbed movies, but I wouldn't chide
         | anyone who did. Not everyone wants to spend the whole two hours
         | glancing up and down across the screen, nor are they
         | necessarily wanting to learn a language passively, etc.
         | 
         | So I think there's absolutely a perceived problem, it just
         | doesn't apply to all viewers.
        
         | jmckib wrote:
         | I love subtitles, but for me they tend to spoil the timing of
         | the lines being delivered, especially with comedy.
         | Unfortunately subtitles are necessary even when I'm able to
         | play audio as loud as I want, because it's almost always hard
         | to understand at least 10-20% of the words that actors are
         | saying.
         | 
         | Maybe it would be nice to have subtitles that appear a word at
         | a time as they are spoken, but I imagine that's not very
         | practical for various reasons.
        
       | nackerhewz wrote:
       | Like those hard to follow auto translated generated captions on
       | YouTube, but spoken...
       | 
       | It's a good idea but I'm not sure how well that would work.
        
       | black_puppydog wrote:
       | Completely besides whether this is possible (I think it is; it's
       | an offline learning problem with huge resources/economic
       | potential and it's getting attention) I actually prefer
       | subtitles...
       | 
       | Coming from Germany, this wasn't always the case, but nowadays
       | watching dubbed content feels so weird and impoverished, I don't
       | even want to imagine what it'd be like knowing that the voice is
       | fully synthetic.
        
       | throw_away wrote:
       | I would much rather we use AI to improve subtitling. Better auto
       | speech recognition, per-word millisecond synchronization,
       | positioning based on speaker/screen content-- all these could
       | improve the subtitled experience and would be way less creepy
       | than deepfake voices.
        
         | xiii1408 wrote:
         | Yes! My perennial problem is that most Chinese TV content has
         | excellent subtitles, but they're burned in to the videos. So if
         | I want to watch a Chinese show with a friend who doesn't read
         | Chinese, there's no option even for auto-translated subtitles.
         | I've often thought of writing a script to generate subtitle
         | files using text recognition, but haven't gotten around to it.
        
           | xiii1408 wrote:
           | There's also the problem of content which doesn't have
           | subtitles to begin with---YouTube's automatic subtitle
           | generation is great, but could be improved and expanded to
           | languages other than English.
        
             | Jach wrote:
             | It is expanded, at least to Japanese. What's also fun is
             | you can then have it auto translate the auto generated
             | subs. The results are... not typically great, but the
             | potential!
        
             | moffkalast wrote:
             | > YouTubes auto mathy subtitle gen ration is grate
             | 
             | FTFY
        
       | testermelon wrote:
       | The notion that some people prefer dub over sub is not new, but
       | it baffles me that it is to the level of urgent business concern.
       | From what I see in other comments, is it an American thing?
       | 
       | We should invest in making people's ear accustomed/used to hear
       | other languages. It has great intercultural benefits.
        
       | misiti3780 wrote:
       | I hope not, subtitles are a great way to learn a new language.
        
       | friendlydog wrote:
       | AI silent movie subtitles or AI generated comic book style
       | captions with cell shaded actors would be awesome.
        
       | bsenftner wrote:
       | Oh come on everybody, this is a PR pseudo-advertisement for
       | Veritone. The piece neglects to acknowledge that auto-dubbing is
       | already a thing. No longer research has highly accurate voice
       | synthesis of any specific voice with very limited source
       | material. Realistic voice synthesis is very actively researched,
       | and is already well into auto deep fake territory.
        
       | fgdelcueto wrote:
       | I grew up consuming movies and TV shows with subtitles so it has
       | never bothered me. My theory is that if you're not used to them,
       | then they are really annoying. Most of my American friends do not
       | like them.
       | 
       | There is something about watching a movie/show in its original
       | language that you cannot understand. I think its awesome to be
       | immersed in a different world, getting the sounds, inflections,
       | etc from a different language of yours. I will always prefer
       | subtitles to dubbed versions if possible.
       | 
       | I understand some people don't, but I think it's just a matter of
       | being exposed to it. And probably the younger, the better.
        
       | thinkloop wrote:
       | Translation barely works with text, it's still too literal, doubt
       | this can be human-equivalent for a long time.
        
         | aaronsdevera wrote:
         | heck, auto-generated English captions on YouTube still struggle
         | to keep up most the time...
         | 
         | https://knowyourmeme.com/memes/youtube-automatic-caption-fai...
        
       | echelon wrote:
       | Absolutely coming.
       | 
       | Goupon founder Andrew Mason's new startup Descript does a
       | fantastic job editing podcasts from text. This same sort of
       | tooling is absolutely going to make it into film.
       | 
       | This sort of stuff is already trivially possible with zero
       | effort:
       | 
       | https://fakeyou.com/w2l/result/WR:t5m9xayqcwkjf9wng3nb4sxgzh...
       | 
       | In ten years, we'll be able to reposition actors and fix flubbed
       | takes. We won't have to visit set, use expensive lenses, or do
       | many of the things that make Hollywood the domain of the rich and
       | well funded.
       | 
       | In thirty years, we'll just tell the machines what we want to
       | watch.
        
       | endisneigh wrote:
       | What's really surprising to me is that synching subtitles isn't a
       | solved problem.
       | 
       | Why can't someone just loosely transcribe without time stamps and
       | sync it to the video?
        
         | echelon wrote:
         | Have you turned on Google Meet subtitles recently?
        
         | sp332 wrote:
         | I think you can do this with YouTube.
        
       | cardosof wrote:
       | My wife is a translator and based on our conversations and her
       | experience, subtitles are needed because people want to have the
       | original audio + text, foreign subtitles are needed for obvious
       | reasons, and human translators are needed for the "tricky" parts
       | like new words and expressions, cultural context expressions,
       | stuff that can't be directly translated, among other things.
       | That's why in many countries a translated piece counts as a
       | new/original piece, and the translator has the rights to claim
       | some of the books IP.
        
       | ahmed_ds wrote:
       | On a tangential note: As far as training data for text and speech
       | driven machine learning models go, isn't srt files truly
       | remarkable?
       | 
       | They are time stamped hence annotated precisely, hash and file
       | matching makes media content to subtitle matching exact and
       | overall there are language variations.
        
         | cfcosta wrote:
         | They are very artisanal, though. I used to do timing for anime
         | fansubs when I was a teenager, and there's a lot of subtlety
         | going on, specially when you don't speak the language (you're
         | guided mostly by sound and phonetics, as the translations come
         | more or less untimed).
         | 
         | Timing is much more automatized nowadays, but still doesn't
         | feel as high quality as handicrafted timing does.
        
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