[HN Gopher] The story behind OS X's Unix compliant certification
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       The story behind OS X's Unix compliant certification
        
       Author : azinman2
       Score  : 429 points
       Date   : 2022-01-18 19:00 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.quora.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.quora.com)
        
       | Lammy wrote:
       | > The lawsuit was filed because the owner of Mac OS X Server kept
       | putting "UNIX" on the web site, and all other marketing
       | collateral for the Server product.
       | 
       | Like https://youtu.be/nXJsS4B42_Q?t=750
       | 
       | "First of all, [Mac OS X] is Unix-based, as you know. What you
       | may not know is that Apple has become the #1 supplier of Unix in
       | the world -- bigger than Sun; bigger than Linux; bigger than
       | anyone! But we don't want to rest on that. We think we have one
       | of the best versions of Unix out there -- Jagwire makes it even
       | better with a whole bunch of cool new Unix things."
       | 
       | As the OP implies (missing Tiger), Leopard was the first
       | certified version: https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2007/08/mac-
       | os-x-leopard-rec...
        
         | willis936 wrote:
         | Doesn't linux stand for "linux is not unix"?
        
           | reayn wrote:
           | I'm pretty sure you are getting confused with the GNU
           | recursive acronym, which was supposed to stand for "GNU's Not
           | Unix".
        
             | willis936 wrote:
             | To me it's a cheeky backronym-esque observation inspired by
             | GNU. Another one I like is "Windows is not DOS".
        
               | cassandratt wrote:
               | I mean, Windows ran on DOS for a decade, so I'm not
               | really seeing this one.
        
               | addicted wrote:
               | The problem is the backronym would be wrong.
               | 
               | Linux is far closer to "Linus's Unix" (and that may
               | actually be how it was named) than it would be to Linux
               | is not Unix.
        
               | alanh wrote:
               | Recursive backronym: "PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor"
               | (originally "Personal Home Pages")
               | 
               | I once suggested an alternative: "Powering Hypertext &
               | Programs"
               | (https://alanhogan.com/conversations/php/acronym)
        
               | tzs wrote:
               | An interesting backronym is Wine being "Wine Is Not an
               | Emulator". That one has an interesting history.
               | 
               | The original author first was going to call it winemu,
               | but didn't like that. He shortened it to "wine", which
               | led him to think of "whine" and "whinny". He liked
               | "whine" but thought that was too long so "wine" it was.
               | 
               | The first suggestion of "Wine is Not an Emulator" was in
               | 1993, when there were concerns Microsoft might raise
               | trademark objects to "Windows Emulator". No one took that
               | name suggestion seriously.
               | 
               | It wasn't until 1997 that it was adapted, as an
               | alternative. In late 1997, the Wine FAQ said
               | 
               | > The word Wine stands for one of two things: WINdows
               | Emulator, or Wine Is Not an Emulator. Both are right. Use
               | whichever one you like best.
               | 
               | The shift to not mentioning it being a Windows emulator
               | happened later. The release notes for 981108 said
               | 
               | > This is release 981108 of Wine, the MS Windows
               | emulator.
               | 
               | and for 981211 said
               | 
               | > This is release 981211 of Wine, a free implementation
               | of Windows on Unix.
               | 
               | As far as I've been able to glean from old Usenet posts,
               | there were two reasons they stopped mentioning it being
               | an emulator.
               | 
               | 1. It could be used for more than just running Windows
               | binaries under Unix. If you had source to a Windows
               | program you could compile it on Unix and link it with
               | Wine to give you a port of the Windows program. Wine was
               | now a Windows compatibility system that included more
               | than just an emulator. It was an emulator and a porting
               | library.
               | 
               | 2. Computers were getting fast enough that people were
               | starting to run hardware emulators to do things like run
               | game binaries from old consoles or old personal
               | computers. Such emulators were not very fast. This might
               | lead users to think that emulation was inherently slow,
               | which might turn them off from trying Wine under the
               | mistaken impression that it too would be slow.
               | 
               | Wine, when used to run Windows binaries rather than as a
               | library when porting, is in fact still an emulator just
               | like it was when Bob Amstadt first wrote it. Nothing
               | technical changed when they added the backronym, or
               | changed the text for the 981211 release notes.
               | 
               | But now we have plenty of people who have only ever seen
               | the backronym, and the only emulators they have used that
               | call themselves emulators have been emulating hardware,
               | and so will insist that for something to be an emulator
               | is must be emulating hardware.
        
               | YokoZar wrote:
               | Also note that these days Windows itself is an "emulator"
               | in much the same way Wine is when running apps in the
               | various compatibility modes for earlier Windows versions.
               | 
               | Still, even today people tend to think of emulation as
               | implying some sort of required slowdown. Unlike something
               | like ARM or console emulation, most slowness in Wine has
               | just been bugs rather than an inherent limitation of the
               | concept.
        
               | the_only_law wrote:
               | I recall reveal years ago, I hung out in a forum where
               | the users where very pendantic about claiming emulation
               | only refers to hardware level emulation, like on an FPGA,
               | and everything else was simulation.
               | 
               | Interestingly, I've never heard that anywhere else since.
        
               | astrange wrote:
               | This reminds me of a hardcore Scheme fan I once knew who
               | was really mad about JavaScript so he would only ever
               | call it ECMAScript.
        
               | yjftsjthsd-h wrote:
               | Hackers have _always_ been fond of pedantry:) It 's like
               | how I got really annoyed by people calling the whole OS
               | "Linux", so now I typically refer to "NT, Darwin, and
               | GNU/Linux" out of sheer spite. (I'm aware that this is
               | not helpful to anyone, and I do scale it to make sure
               | everyone can still understand each other, but as personal
               | flaws^wquirks go I think I'm doing just fine;])
        
               | pram wrote:
               | Oh I've run into this too, from trollish standards
               | maximalists in the late 90s on IRC. They thought it was
               | super hilarious to be overbearingly pedantic about W3C
               | specs and such to random people.
        
               | willis936 wrote:
               | I've heard the opposite since the term software emulation
               | has its roots in mimicking architectures in software but
               | full blown virtualization simulates the entire system in
               | software.
        
             | amelius wrote:
             | Could you expand the recursion a few iterations, and see if
             | it makes sense?
        
           | rzzzt wrote:
           | GNU is "GNU is Not Unix"; unfortunately, it requires a left-
           | recursive expansion that eventually exhausts the stack and
           | terminates the process.
        
             | eyelidlessness wrote:
             | Me: just casually reading HN.
             | 
             | Also me, to myself: hold our beer we're going to nerd snipe
             | ourselves and write this as a regex that can't be flagged
             | as ReDoS.                 /G(N)(U) is \1ot \2nix/
        
               | eyelidlessness wrote:
        
             | tooltower wrote:
             | Which means the 'G' could have been replaced by _anything_!
             | Same for the first 'P' in PHP Hypertext Preprocessor
        
               | mehrdada wrote:
               | PHP originated as Personal Home Page. The current
               | official name is a backronym.
        
               | geoduck14 wrote:
               | >PHP originated as Personal Home Page.
               | 
               | I guess Worlds Most Efficient Security Violation
               | Generator was tool long (WMESVG)
        
               | cptcobalt wrote:
               | A regressive opinion not representative of modern PHP.
        
           | rovr138 wrote:
           | No.
           | 
           | >Linus Torvalds had wanted to call his invention Freax, a
           | portmanteau of "free", "freak", and "x" (as an allusion to
           | Unix). During the start of his work on the system, he stored
           | the files under the name "Freax" for about half of a year.
           | Torvalds had already considered the name "Linux", but
           | initially dismissed it as too egotistical.[13]
           | 
           | >In order to facilitate development, the files were uploaded
           | to the FTP server (ftp.funet.fi) of FUNET in September 1991.
           | Ari Lemmke at Helsinki University of Technology (HUT), who
           | was one of the volunteer administrators for the FTP server at
           | the time, did not think that "Freax" was a good name. So, he
           | named the project "Linux" on the server without consulting
           | Torvalds.[13] Later, however, Torvalds consented to "Linux".
           | 
           | >To demonstrate how the word "Linux" should be pronounced
           | (['li:noks]), Torvalds included an audio guide (audio speaker
           | iconlisten (help*info)) with the kernel source code.[16]
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Linux#Naming
        
             | rileymat2 wrote:
             | When crossing languages shouldn't pronunciation change?
        
               | msh wrote:
               | For names I would say no.
        
               | kergonath wrote:
               | That does not work in general. Some sounds just do not
               | exist in some languages. Also, for example a name can
               | sound quite different pronounced with an Irish and a
               | Yorkshire accent, and there are similar distinctions in
               | most languages. Which one becomes the canonical
               | prononciation then?
        
               | int_19h wrote:
               | The respectful way is to approximate it using the
               | _phonemes_ available in the target language.
               | 
               | But that doesn't mean using the rules that language uses
               | to translate the _letters_ to phonemes! For example,
               | English has a perfectly good sound for  /i/ - so don't
               | read foreign names with that sound in them as /ai/, just
               | because the Latin spelling of said foreign name would be
               | pronounced that way _if_ it were an English word.
        
               | simiones wrote:
               | I think that for proper names, it's common courtesy to
               | try to prounounce someone's name as close as possible to
               | the way they pronounce it themselves. This may be
               | difficult when using sounds that simply don't exist in
               | your language, and I'm not suggesting going as far as
               | learning how to pronounce new consonants. But, if someone
               | spells their name "St John" but introduces themselves as
               | "Mr Sinjohn" (sIndZIn), it's common courtesy to refer to
               | them as Mr "Sinjohn", not Mr "Saint John". Or, if their
               | name is written as Xi (in Pinyin), but read as Shi, you
               | should call them "Shi", not "Ksi", even though you may
               | not be using the exact right "Sh" sound, and you will
               | probably not be able to match the right pitch contour.
        
               | mst wrote:
               | Human language is one place where "comes as close as you
               | reasonably can to following Postel's Law" seems to work
               | out pretty well.
        
               | technothrasher wrote:
               | I kind of like when I go to a foreign county and people
               | pronounce my name in a different way than I'm used to
               | hearing it. Having them struggle to get it "right" just
               | doesn't work anyway and makes them struggle needlessly.
               | Even in my own country, there are two common ways to
               | pronounce my last name and while I only use one way
               | myself, I really don't mind when people use the other
               | way.
               | 
               | I named my son, "Alistair", and there seems to be a
               | million ways people pronounce that. He doesn't seem to
               | care either.
        
               | yodsanklai wrote:
               | I'm already happy when people are able to copy/paste my
               | name properly in an email. It seems 30% of the people
               | aren't even able to do that.
        
               | quicklime wrote:
               | There are many cases where it does.
               | 
               | For example if you say "Australia" in an Australian
               | accent, Japanese people probably wouldn't understand. So
               | you'd have to use the "correct" Japanese pronunciation:
               | "oh-su-to-ra-ri-a".
               | 
               | Another example is "Hyundai", which seems to have at
               | least five different pronunciations. Apparently Koreans
               | say "HYUN-day"[1], while the British say "high-UUN-digh",
               | Americans say "HUN-day"[2] or something like "Han-die" in
               | Spanish-speaking parts. Australians say "he-UN-day"[3].
               | Note to prescriptivists that this is how Hyundai's
               | various subsidiaries say it in ads.
               | 
               | [1]: https://www.bbc.com/news/blogs-magazine-
               | monitor-25813198
               | 
               | [2]: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XI3-fJlmnoM&t=50s
               | 
               | [3]: https://youtu.be/RyupLuOVny0?t=15
        
               | colonwqbang wrote:
               | Linus never said "this is how Linux should be
               | pronounced". He only said "I pronounce Linux as 'Linux'".
        
               | badRNG wrote:
               | I also pronounce Linux as "Linux."
        
               | blowski wrote:
               | Pronunciation changes even when crossing accents, let
               | alone languages. The prescriptivists will say there is a
               | correct pronunciation, and any deviation from it is
               | wrong. But the descriptivists will ask why it matters if
               | we all understand that we're referring to the same thing.
               | It's an age-old debate.
        
               | jagged-chisel wrote:
               | I find it amusing that Linus himself pronounces both with
               | the same vowel sounds, indicating that obviously the
               | kernel is named for its creator.
               | 
               | While my American cohorts refuse to use the same vowels,
               | choosing "Lie" for the first syllable of the man's name,
               | and "Lih" for the first syllable of the kernel. Then
               | berate me for following the pattern but using US English
               | pronunciation rules.
               | 
               | But you guys know what I'm talking about, so just shut up
               | and let's get on with this deployment, mmk?
        
               | patmorgan23 wrote:
               | * insert oxford comma debate/every grammer debate ever*
        
           | xyzwave wrote:
           | Ironically, given the thread, XNU stands for "X is not Unix".
        
           | jeffwass wrote:
           | There is an embedded OS called Xinu which does stand for
           | "Xinu is not Unix", and also happens to be Unix spelled
           | backwards.
           | 
           | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xinu
        
             | pram wrote:
             | The MacOS kernel is in fact called XNU, which means what
             | you think.
        
               | mehrdada wrote:
               | XNU, the Darwin kernel, is not a recursive acronym like
               | GNU. Officially stands for _X is Not Unix_.
        
         | jeffbee wrote:
         | Before Macworld NY 2002 the "Sends other UNIX boxes to
         | /dev/null" ad was already running in national magazines.
        
         | kccqzy wrote:
         | One thing I've wondered is that since Apple claimed UNIX
         | compatibility for Tiger and earlier without passing the
         | certification, could the lawsuit have still proceeded but seek
         | damages for previous versions of Mac OS X? Imagine damages like
         | "give us a percentage of all revenue made from selling Mac OS X
         | Tiger and earlier".
        
           | pdpi wrote:
           | The article hints at the answer - the Open Group wanted to
           | stay relevant, and certification for OSX was a good way to do
           | that, so they weren't too interested in ruffling Apple's
           | feathers.
        
       | bluedino wrote:
       | How would it have been $200 million to remove the UNIX logo from
       | the marketing materials?
        
         | lionkor wrote:
         | a 200 million lawsuit plus removing the unix stuff
        
       | ltbarcly3 wrote:
       | Am I doing the math right? If he got $10M in stock in 2005, that
       | is worth approximately $1.3B now?
        
         | sgerenser wrote:
         | If you look up thread there's posts where he indicated he never
         | got the stock he was promised.
        
         | masklinn wrote:
         | As other comments noted, he (and his team) apparently got
         | shafted.
        
           | znpy wrote:
           | Classic Apple
        
       | bitigchi wrote:
       | It's pleasant to hear that lots of FOSS software benefited from
       | this effort.
        
       | AceJohnny2 wrote:
       | > _We bought begrudging buy-in from Mike Smith (yes,_ that* Mike
       | Smith) by having him rewrite the file locking code.*
       | 
       | Anyone know who is that Mike Smith?
        
         | drewg123 wrote:
         | I suspect its the Mike Smith who was a FreeBSD committer and
         | core team member 20-ish years ago.
        
           | ksec wrote:
           | This? [1] May be worth its own HN submission. But that mail,
           | 20 years ago reads to me the problem with today's open source
           | aren't that much different to now.
           | 
           | [1] https://freebsd-hackers.freebsd.narkive.com/lvvHQibV/it-
           | s-no...
        
       | nsxwolf wrote:
       | Wow, $10 million in Apple stock...
       | 
       | Reading this, I feel like I've done things that were this big...
       | or a decent fraction of it... and never got so much as a thank
       | you
        
         | kevan wrote:
         | Anyone have insight on whether this level of performance
         | incentive compensation was more or less common 20 years ago
         | than now and how to credibly negotiate for them as an employee
         | instead of leaving and contracting on value pricing? I'm afraid
         | the answer is "if you have to ask..." Is it mostly just
         | executives or are high level ICs ever successful here? In the
         | public arena I only really hear about it happening for
         | strategic acquihires and execs.
        
           | 95014_refugee wrote:
           | I have a reasonable amount of respect for Terry's technical
           | competence, but a ... quirk of his personality is that he
           | doesn't really respect the bounds around the truth.
           | 
           | If you know those bounds, you can filter him, but in general
           | reading / listening to Terry is necessarily an active and
           | selective process.
           | 
           | It's fair to say that some of the things he describes in this
           | piece are true; he names some real people, and talks about
           | some things that actually happened, but the tale as presented
           | is more "inspired by" than "faithful to" the truth and many
           | of the details are pure invention.
           | 
           | One thing that _is_ true is that some of the folks he names -
           | and praises - did indeed work _extremely_ hard for much less
           | recognition than they deserved.
        
         | Scramblejams wrote:
         | Sounds like he didn't get it: https://www.quora.com/Was-Steve-
         | Jobs-a-better-employer-from-...
        
           | Jedd wrote:
           | I think this may be a more relevant link to the 'I didn't get
           | paid' - and explains a little more of the veiled threats to
           | whomever Simon Patience is from your link.
           | 
           | https://www.quora.com/How-is-work-life-balance-at-Apple
        
             | ralfd wrote:
             | https://www.linkedin.com/in/simon-patience-4b2103b9
             | 
             | Apple Vice President Core OS Software (2002-2014)
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | xtracto wrote:
             | Wow that speaks so bad of apple.
        
               | Scramblejams wrote:
               | We weren't there, we don't actually know what was
               | promised.
        
           | fyrabanks wrote:
           | I'm extremely curious about the "untimely death trigger
           | conditions" part at the end...
        
           | viktorcode wrote:
           | As I understand it he got $10m equivalent of cash, but not
           | $10m of actual stock that would have grown tremendously.
        
             | phonon wrote:
             | Why wouldn't he just buy the $10m of Apple stock then?
        
             | mariojv wrote:
             | Couldn't he have bought Apple stock with the proceeds?
        
           | nsxwolf wrote:
           | Oh wow. What a blow. The way I make myself feel better about
           | all the stocks and options I was never offered in my career
           | is by assuming something like that would have happened to me.
        
       | ralfd wrote:
       | Archive / mirror:
       | 
       | https://archive.fo/iWgqx
        
       | puffoflogic wrote:
       | It is interesting how much weight the author puts on bypassing
       | process and bureaucracy to the success of the project.
        
         | olliej wrote:
         | I think it depends on a whole matter of things - like the bug
         | priorities: If someone is not aware of the context of a "minor"
         | bug they may lower the priority, that would be a reasonable
         | response.
         | 
         | Alternatively if there's a team running up on a release they
         | will have many restrictions on _any_ changes going in,
         | including feature work from their own team, let alone some
         | random potentially behavior changing ones.
         | 
         | Many of the processes exist because time has told us bad things
         | happen if they don't: even small projects now generally require
         | a review for minor patches at this point, or require tests even
         | if making tests is hard.
         | 
         | There have been a few times where I have spent longer
         | (sometimes _way_ longer) building the infrastructure to make a
         | test and the test, for a change that took less than a day. In
         | the long run that infrastructure was super useful, but at the
         | time there 's a lot of "uuggghh, whyyy". In this particular
         | case it seems that day-to-day slip was considered sufficiently
         | important that they might want to bypass such.
        
         | microtherion wrote:
         | Under regular circumstances, you can't just walk in and change
         | another team's header files, nor force them to make a
         | particular change you want to make happen, so normally, it
         | would be very difficult to make changes affecting so many
         | different projects.
        
           | jeffbee wrote:
           | Is that an Apple thing? Because I've definitely worked on
           | large-scale commercial projects where changes to everyone's
           | includes were routine.
        
             | microtherion wrote:
             | What I described is an Apple thing. I would not know
             | practices at other companies. I'm sure there are other ways
             | of organizing work.
             | 
             | Then again, an OS and its associated apps are very large
             | scale indeed, and have grown by necessity over a very long
             | period of time, by a very heterogeneous team. Not sure if
             | your large scale projects had similar concerns.
        
           | astrange wrote:
           | It's also true that projects with strict rules about what
           | each individual commit fixes can make it hard to fix a bunch
           | of highly related bugs at once. Patch-based OSS projects can
           | be like this too.
        
         | weatherlight wrote:
         | He admits else where on Quora to having Aspergers. It's been in
         | my experience, and take that with a grain of salt, that those
         | with Aspergers tend to resistant authority when they feel the
         | authority is arbitrary, hurtful or incompetent. It's possible
         | in the past, he was burned by the bureaucracy at Apple.
        
           | marcellus23 wrote:
           | > that those with Aspergers tend to resistant authority when
           | they feel the authority is arbitrary, hurtful or incompetent.
           | 
           | This seems like neurotypical behavior to me. I'm not sure who
           | wouldn't be resistant to authority in a situation like that.
        
             | weatherlight wrote:
             | I find people will go with the flow and basically follow
             | orders. Most people won't shake the boat.
        
             | coldtea wrote:
             | Most people?
             | 
             | (Though I'd say it's not about Aspergers or not, it's more
             | like an anti-authority personality trait or not, in
             | general).
        
               | seba_dos1 wrote:
               | I'm not sure it's about anti-authority. You can accept
               | authorities, refer to them and trust them when you lack
               | own knowledge, even legalistically follow them, yet have
               | a strong resistance reaction once you decide that what
               | the authority does is hurtful and/or doesn't make sense
               | to you.
               | 
               | To me, this seems very connected to how autistic people
               | interact with other people. Social rules? Those that
               | "make sense" to me have to be followed, or I'll be lost
               | and uncomfortable. Those that don't? Fuck them. Now, it
               | would sure be easier if everyone agreed on what "makes
               | sense" and what doesn't, wouldn't it?...
               | 
               | Codes? Laws? I'll gladly follow them, usually. Speed
               | limits make sense to me, so I won't be speeding even if
               | nobody sees it. Mask wearing? The same. I can even be
               | legalistic about minor issues ("well, it's kinda stupid,
               | but that's the law so I'll follow it and maybe lobby for
               | changing it"), and it's not just about potential legal
               | consequences - it's about the principle. But total
               | abortion ban? It's stupid, morally wrong and hurtful at
               | its core, so it doesn't exist to me and I'm going to help
               | people break that law should there be a need for it.
               | Copyrights? Sometimes make sense and help society,
               | sometimes don't and hurt it - so I sometimes fully
               | respect them and consider breaking them wrong, and
               | sometimes the other way around.
               | 
               | To be honest, I have no idea where the line between
               | "minor issue, comply" and "doesn't make sense, resist"
               | actually lies. Not even an intuition. Food for thought, I
               | guess.
               | 
               | When I was young, countless of stupid arguments with my
               | parents could be avoided if they didn't insist on making
               | me do something that seemed unnecessary to me without
               | telling me why. I think they were interpreting my
               | questions as undermining their authority, which
               | ironically made them less likely to actually answer me,
               | but it's not that I didn't want to listen to them - I
               | would be glad to comply immediately if only I knew that
               | it makes sense. If I don't feel like it does, I'll have a
               | hard time doing it (even if my conscious self actually
               | decides to comply). If I weren't so lucky to be able to
               | work in a field where I generally don't have to do things
               | that don't make sense to me, I'm pretty sure I'd have
               | been fired from several jobs by now (just like my parents
               | were warning me about back then ;)).
               | 
               | Most people don't seem to think this way at all, and I
               | don't think that it can be described as "anti-authority
               | personality trait".
        
               | BurningPenguin wrote:
               | Maybe unrelated to the main topic, but damn, this sounds
               | familiar. But i was never diagnosed. There were only
               | mentions about "austistic features". My mom took that as
               | an insult to her parenting skills for some reason.
        
           | Lammy wrote:
           | > It's been in my experience, and take that with a grain of
           | salt, that those with Aspergers tend to resistant authority
           | when they feel the authority is arbitrary, hurtful or
           | incompetent.
           | 
           | Also authority: wouldn't it be great if we could identify
           | this """disorder""" early and eliminate it?? for your benefit
           | of course
           | https://www.thecattlesite.com/articles/4525/genetic-link-
           | bet...
        
       | saagarjha wrote:
       | > But it was a red letter day when the header files passed
       | testing, and we celebrated by going out to IL6 -- the informal
       | name for the BJ's restaurant, just off the Apple campus.
       | 
       | IL7, I thought? IL6 is an existing building at the southernmost
       | end of the campus.
        
         | olliej wrote:
         | IL7, I'm guessing typo, or they've escaped for long enough to
         | forget exact details :D
        
         | cperciva wrote:
         | Did IL6 exist at the time? I'm guessing the informal name is
         | just "the building after the ones which actually exist".
        
           | saagarjha wrote:
           | I think so?
        
           | CharlesW wrote:
           | > _Did IL6 exist at the time?_
           | 
           | It did, so I'm guessing it was just a mistake. I recall
           | Pepper Mill/BJ's being referred to as either "R&D 7" or "IL
           | 7".
           | 
           | > _I 'm guessing the informal name is just "the building
           | after the ones which actually exist"._
           | 
           | Yep!
        
             | donavanm wrote:
             | Concur. I had also always heard of it as "IL7" when I
             | worked in IL1 & 6. An aside, the balcony & gamesroom in IL2
             | was a nice little escape for an afternoon beverage as well.
        
         | Hayvok wrote:
         | BJs is indeed referred to as IL7 and the restaurant even had an
         | official-looking "IL7" placard on the rear entrance.
         | 
         | Hate to nit-pick the story at all though, it's a great. Stories
         | like this floated all around Apple, and I stopped being
         | surprised by them after awhile. That level of focus, drive, and
         | accomplishment by just a handful of engineers was in the
         | company's bones.
        
       | jjtheblunt wrote:
       | > By this time, I knew pretty much every one of the 13 million
       | lines of kernel code in the Mac OS X kernel.
       | 
       | narcissism overload; stopped reading there
        
       | coldtea wrote:
       | Interesting part:
       | 
       | > We had a lot of gratitude in the Open Source community --
       | particular for our fixes to make bash pass the tests. You have
       | absolutely no idea how much Apple contributed to the Open Source
       | community, as part of this project, because it was a secret
       | project -- at least to people outside Apple -- so we didn't
       | advertise the fact. But I expect we contributed about two million
       | lines of code, to hundreds of Open Source projects, over the
       | course of that year. A lot of gratitude -- but it wasn't
       | collective, and so Apple was still faulted for "using Open Source
       | code, but never contributing back". We fixed at least 15 major
       | gcc bugs, for example. You have no idea.
        
         | eyelidlessness wrote:
         | I suspect this (Apple employees contributing individually) is
         | still often the case. Apple is all over the place on their
         | general attitude towards open source, but they're notoriously
         | extremely secretive. About almost everything that isn't in a
         | press release, curated announcement or publication, or required
         | by law. Loudly proclaiming their investment in open source,
         | without some corresponding PR goal, is essentially free tea
         | leaves for people to speculate about What They're Building In
         | There.
         | 
         | I'm likewise sure there are some handshake agreements between
         | many open source maintainers and Apple-paid contributors to
         | just... not spill those beans.
        
         | kccqzy wrote:
         | Apple chose the secrecy culture. It's also their problem if
         | their contributions are so secretive that they have a PR
         | problem about not enough OSS contributions.
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | chrisseaton wrote:
       | > I got the $10 million, because it was going to be my job on the
       | line, and potentially, my ability to work in industry at a high
       | level, ever again, in the future.
       | 
       | I don't get why working hard to meet a deadline but unfortunately
       | missing it would get you blacklisted from the industry?
        
         | eyelidlessness wrote:
         | Normally it wouldn't. But Steve Jobs very publicly threw a
         | camera at someone who crossed him. He had a reputation for long
         | held grudges that fundamentally fractured business
         | relationships (eg IIRC Nvidia being permanently banned from
         | Apple platforms for early announcing something, and similar
         | reaction to integrating ZFS being announced early). Guy was an
         | asshole, but he was an extraordinarily powerful asshole.
        
           | eigen wrote:
           | > IRC Nvidia being permanently banned from Apple platforms
           | for early announcing something
           | 
           | may also be the major issues with their chipset.
           | 
           | https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT203254
        
             | smoldesu wrote:
             | It was a lot of he-says she-says with those chips, but as
             | far as I understood it, it mostly came down to Apple using
             | cheap solder. When the Nvidia chips inevitably started to
             | heat up, it caused the solder to come loose which caused
             | the notorious graphics issues. IIRC, there were even
             | reports of people reviving dead or malfunctioning logic
             | boards by doing ye olde "oven trick", which pretty much
             | confirmed that it was an assembly issue, not a
             | manufacturing one.
        
               | mschuster91 wrote:
               | "Soldergate" impacted _all_ vendors that shipped nVIDIA
               | chipsets back at the time, and the cause was not  "cheap"
               | solder - rather, the back-then relatively new lead-free
               | solder that was mandated by the European Union's RoHS
               | directive in ~2005-2006. The manufacturers didn't have
               | much experience with the stuff back then and chose a
               | solder formulation that didn't hold up well to repetitive
               | thermal stress.
        
               | noisem4ker wrote:
               | See also the Xbox 360 RRoD plague from the same period.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | giobox wrote:
               | The "bumps" (industry term for solder left on bottom of
               | chip to attach to a board/circuit) in question are
               | specified by the GPU chip vendor, not Apple.
               | 
               | This is why every single NVidia customer during this
               | period was affected, not just Apple. NVidia ended up
               | making several large compensation payments to several big
               | vendors such as HP too etc.
               | 
               | Its amazing how quickly people have forgotten what a big
               | a deal this was, it was terrible for much of the laptop
               | industry for a year or two. It was after "Bumpgate" as
               | tech media termed it at the time that Apple's
               | relationship with Nvidia ended too, coincidence or not.
               | 
               | > https://semiaccurate.com/2009/08/21/nvidia-finally-
               | understan...
               | 
               | As for it being "he-says she-says with those chips", I
               | can't agree. There was an entire settled class action
               | lawsuit at the time directly blaming NVidia for all
               | affected Dell, HP and Apple computers. I've had to raid
               | web.archive.org, but you can still find the details:
               | 
               | https://web.archive.org/web/20101011074425/http://www.nvi
               | dia...
        
             | masklinn wrote:
             | Nah Apple has had plenty of hardware issues over the years.
             | 
             | However Jobs was a master presenter and showman, and
             | extremely anal about getting L&F just right (go check the
             | calculator story, or recounting of his preparation for
             | keynotes -- you can also see how things broke down as soon
             | as they started bringing in third parties, or after Jobs'
             | death).
             | 
             | Keeping things under as tight a wrap as possible with
             | extreme OPSEC[0] is one of those things Apple has always
             | done, and it's entirely unsurprising that Jobs would get
             | very cross about a supplier fucking that up.
             | 
             | [0] I expect detrimentally so at times, Apple has long been
             | extremely compartmentalised -- at least under Jobs; go
             | check the history of the iPhone for flagrant examples of
             | that where you'd just see colleagues disappear into unknown
             | voids and HIG went full SCP
        
               | threeseed wrote:
               | > Keeping things under as tight a wrap as possible with
               | extreme OPSEC[0] is one of those things Apple has always
               | done, and it's entirely unsurprising that Jobs would get
               | very cross about a supplier fucking that up.
               | 
               | I sat across from a Graphic Designer at Apple who
               | accidentally published some of the iPods marketing assets
               | to the website a few days before the launch. It was
               | discovered soon after by a rumour site and there was a
               | flurry of meetings to fix it.
               | 
               | The designer was never fired or reprimanded. And he never
               | received a screaming phone call from Steve Jobs.
               | 
               | I am not privy to vendor negotiations but would be really
               | surprised if Apple was making multi-billion decisions
               | based solely on a vendor leaking something. Especially
               | back then when Apple wasn't out of its recovery.
        
               | amelius wrote:
               | > Apple has long been extremely compartmentalised
               | 
               | Oh, I have been told that Apple could only build such
               | great products because of the tight integration that
               | would never be possible if Apple was split into e.g. a
               | hardware and software company.
        
               | threeseed wrote:
               | Apple only feels compartmentalised if (a) you're a low
               | level engineer and (b) you're working on a secretive
               | project. Otherwise it's a normal big tech company.
               | 
               | But the team responsible for writing all of the Forth
               | firmware code very much worked closely with the hardware
               | teams as you would expect.
        
             | chronogram wrote:
             | Apple used Nvidia chips for years after the 8600M GT. I
             | think their last use of Nvidia chips was the Kepler
             | generation. Which meant that because a MBP came with a
             | Nvidia 650 or something, you could put a Titan in a Mac Pro
             | which was nice!
        
               | giobox wrote:
               | Nvidia still offered the "unofficial" official driver for
               | a long time that let you run unsupported GPUs in Mac Pros
               | or Hackintoshes for quite a while. I ran a couple of
               | Maxwell generation NVidia parts this way, even though
               | macOS out of the box didn't support them, Keppler wasn't
               | the last that worked.
               | 
               | The only downside back then was when a new macOS release
               | hit, you would have to wait for Nvidia to release the
               | updated third party driver. IIRC there was one major OS
               | ten release I was stuck waiting a few months before the
               | driver landed. This extended the lifespan of a lot of Mac
               | Pros greatly!
        
           | eyelidlessness wrote:
           | In hindsight I wish I said he was an incredibly effective
           | asshole. Lots of powerful people are assholes. It's not often
           | they continue to hold much power as a corpse.
        
             | digisign wrote:
             | Still ten minutes to edit the post.
        
               | eyelidlessness wrote:
               | Meh, I'd rather walk my pup and eat dinner. If people are
               | curious they'll find it
        
           | astrange wrote:
           | Nvidia is difficult to work with because they're as prideful
           | (or more) as Apple. ZFS is hard to license commercially
           | because it means having to negotiate with Oracle, who are
           | evil.
           | 
           | Well, and there were those desoldering GPUs.
        
             | eyelidlessness wrote:
             | Yeah Nvidia is a pain in the ass. But they weren't banned
             | from Apple platforms for that, as I understand it.
        
               | [deleted]
        
             | jen20 wrote:
             | At the time it meant working with Sun not Oracle. Further,
             | it didn't need licensing - DTrace, under the same CDDL
             | license - ships with macOS to this day.
        
               | chungy wrote:
               | Even further than that, Sun owned ZFS and was not bound
               | to the license they gave to everyone else. If Apple
               | demanded that ZFS on Mac OS X were a proprietary
               | component, Sun might've actually gone with it.
        
               | rbanffy wrote:
               | Sun had, by then, mostly given up on the workstation
               | market. They had everything to gain from making Unix
               | mainstream, even if it was OSX instead of Solaris, and
               | pretty much nothing to lose.
        
               | 4ad wrote:
               | FWIW the beta-quality implementation of ZFS in macOS was
               | removed only _after_ Oracle bought Sun.
               | 
               | Though that doesn't explain how DTrace survived.
               | 
               | Also Steve Jobs and Larry Ellison were known to be best
               | buddies.
        
               | rbanffy wrote:
               | > Though that doesn't explain how DTrace survived.
               | 
               | I think Larry Ellison discovered, much to his
               | dissatisfaction, open source products and their forks,
               | are incredibly hard to kill.
               | 
               | I'd love to have seen his face when he realized that he
               | wouldn't be able to kill MySQL.
        
             | swills wrote:
             | I had a laptop with one of those GPUs. Apple replaced the
             | motherboard. With the same exact thing. It's like if your
             | defective Takata air bag was replaced with... a defective
             | Takata air bag.
        
         | bitwize wrote:
         | Because if he didn't make the deadline, Steve Jobs would get on
         | the horn with any company he applied to and tell them how badly
         | he fucked up, just to spite him.
         | 
         | "You'll never work in this town again" was a real threat in
         | Hollywood if you pissed off (or refused to put out for) the
         | wrong producer. Powerful people wield power indiscriminately to
         | discharge fleeting grudges.
        
           | chrisseaton wrote:
           | > how badly he fucked up
           | 
           | I don't think it's 'fucking up' to give something a good go
           | but not quite make it, is it?
           | 
           | And why would every company in the industry even listen to a
           | rant from Steve Jobs?
        
             | fyrabanks wrote:
             | > I don't think it's 'fucking up' to give something a good
             | go but not quite make it, is it?
             | 
             | If I understand correctly,in this particular situation,
             | fucking up would cost Apple at least $200M--so it had to be
             | a total success for him.
        
               | smashed wrote:
               | I'd put the initial fuck-up on Apple marketing, who used
               | the UNIX trademark without license nor compatibily.
               | 
               | This was an attempt to repair the damage that had already
               | been done, by passing the UNIX compliance required to
               | become an official, paid, licensee.
        
               | nikanj wrote:
               | In bigcorps, marketing can freely make false claims, and
               | engineering is on the hook for delivery.
               | 
               | You are technically correct that this was a sales fuckup,
               | but the shit storm would 100% be directed towards the
               | "underperforming, delivery-target missing" programmers.
        
               | lwkl wrote:
               | Isn't this a good example of engineering and management
               | working together to make changes over multiple
               | departments?
               | 
               | The engineers got time to asses if the project was
               | feasible and what kind of support they need. Management
               | fully supported them and made the other departments play
               | ball and they made allies in other departments that
               | helped them making the changes necessary.
               | 
               | They were asked if they could do a job and given the time
               | and ressources to asses the situation. If they had any
               | doubts they could've said no and let the legal department
               | take over.
        
             | acdha wrote:
             | That'd depend on exactly how bad the screwup was but Steve
             | Jobs was notoriously unforgiving if you made a promise and
             | didn't have a good reason for missing it. That might not
             | have been the case here, since they clearly slipped it due
             | to the Intel transition, but if he was in an unforgiving
             | mood or someone else was looking for a scapegoat, remember
             | this example of how closed the community was at the time:
             | 
             | https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-
             | switch/wp/2014/04/23...
        
             | bitwize wrote:
             | > I don't think it's 'fucking up' to give something a good
             | go but not quite make it, is it?
             | 
             | If the CEO sets a goal for the business, and you 'gave it a
             | good goal' but failed, causing the business to miss its
             | goal, with consequences including lost revenue or lawsuits,
             | in that CEO's eyes you fucked up. The CEO was counting on
             | you to take a letter to Garcia, and though you 'gave it a
             | good go' Garcia never got his letter, so why would that CEO
             | consider you someone to count on again?
             | 
             | > And why would every company in the industry even listen
             | to a rant from Steve Jobs?
             | 
             | Because he built this industry.
        
               | chrisseaton wrote:
               | > If the CEO sets a goal for the business, and you 'gave
               | it a good goal' but failed, causing the business to miss
               | its goal, with consequences including lost revenue or
               | lawsuits, in that CEO's eyes you fucked up.
               | 
               | Are you under the impression that for example lawyers are
               | fired every time they lose a case and a company has to
               | pay out?
        
             | coldtea wrote:
             | I think the "Steve Jobs" part is just a random assumption
             | from the parent.
             | 
             | More likely he'd have problem being hired at that level
             | simply because he would be associated with a major failed
             | project, Jobs or no Jobs.
        
               | rasz wrote:
               | https://www.folklore.org/StoryView.py?project=Macintosh&s
               | tor...
               | 
               | "OK, I've seen enough, " Steve interrupted me. "It's
               | great. Apple is going to bundle it with the Mac.
               | Congratulations."
               | 
               | But then he paused, and stared at me for a moment with an
               | incredibly intense gaze, as if he was sizing me up or
               | maybe just trying to scare me.
               | 
               | "But I don't want you taking advantage of this situation.
               | I'm not going to allow you to take advantage of Apple."
               | 
               | "What do you mean?" I asked him, genuinely puzzled.
               | 
               | "There's no way that you could have written that program
               | without confidential information that you learned by
               | working at Apple. You don't have the right to charge
               | whatever you like for it."
               | 
               | I started to get angry. "The program is only half
               | finished, and if I don't think you're paying me fairly, I
               | won't be motivated to finish it."
               | 
               | Steve gave me another intense stare as he paused for a
               | few seconds. Then he stated a single number, without
               | explanation.
               | 
               | "One hundred thousand dollars."
               | 
               | "I don't know," I told him, "I think it's probably worth
               | a lot more than that."
               | 
               | "Don't argue with me. $100,000 is fair, and you know it."
               | 
               | I didn't seem to have any alternative but to capitulate
               | to Steve's price setting,
               | 
               | there are better Steve stories on that site, mostly about
               | abuse and psychological manipulation.
        
               | coldtea wrote:
               | Which proves and is related to the story how?
        
               | rurban wrote:
               | > "I entered Steve's office with a bit of trepidation,
               | because I thought that Switcher was worth at least a
               | quarter of a million dollars to Apple, but I was sure
               | that Steve would never want to pay me that much. But I
               | was also proud of Switcher, and was interested in seeing
               | how Steve would react to it."
               | 
               | The previous paragraph
        
             | Scramblejams wrote:
             | Not every company would, but the CEOs of the major tech
             | companies that a guy with Terry's impact would have
             | probably liked to work at? I'd buy it. Those guys talked
             | all the time, and I doubt they were gonna let one hire get
             | in the way of a major corporate relationship.
        
           | howinteresting wrote:
           | Between that and his ":)" response to the Google recruiter
           | getting fired because they were unaware of the collusion
           | going on between Apple and Google, he will go down as one of
           | the worst, most abusive tech barons in history.
        
             | coldtea wrote:
             | I think he has already gone down in tech history, and it
             | wasn't as "one of the worst, most abusive tech barons".
        
               | almostdeadguy wrote:
               | Pretty sure he's widely acknowledged as a guy who was an
               | insufferable prick to work for (or an asshole Dad in the
               | case of his daughter). Plenty of stories of unpleasant
               | interactions with him.
               | 
               | My personal favorite of the early Apple stories was the
               | one where Jean-Louis Gassee saw him park his big dumb
               | Mercedes in a disabled parking spot and said "I never
               | realized those spaces were for the emotionally
               | handicapped" [0].
               | 
               | [0]: https://www.folklore.org/StoryView.py?project=Macint
               | osh&stor...
        
               | coldtea wrote:
               | > _Pretty sure he 's widely acknowledged as a guy who was
               | an insufferable prick to work for (or an asshole Dad in
               | the case of his daughter). Plenty of stories of
               | unpleasant interactions with him._
               | 
               | Yes, we have anecdotes (plus all the other nice things
               | people said about him, including his daughter in her book
               | and the author of TFA elsewhere in Quora).
               | 
               | Those are not what he is remembered about though, but for
               | building one of the biggest companies on Earth (at times,
               | the biggest), plus doing it twice in his 20s and in his
               | 40s, while also building two other companies (one worth
               | billions for its movies, the other sold to his first
               | company for half a billion), plus defining several modern
               | consumer tech markets and/or phenomena.
               | 
               | And of course, there are far far worse employers than a
               | demanding jerk (abusers, rapists, racists, thieves, even
               | murderous CEOs and founders) - and with less saving
               | graces and nowhere near the same results.
        
               | throwaway675309 wrote:
               | He was also remembered as being hired as a line engineer
               | at Atari early on in his career who by all accounts would
               | have been fired almost immediately if it hadn't been for
               | Wozniak doing a lot of his work for him.
               | 
               | Entrepreneur most definitely, engineer... not so much.
        
               | bigbizisverywyz wrote:
               | But even then, probably still a better engineer than many
               | people who are smugly declaring that he wasn't a good
               | engineer.
               | 
               | After all, he was hired by Atari, and got parts delivered
               | to him personally by Bill Hewlett and an internship at HP
               | as he was a young electronics enthusiast.
               | 
               | Of course if he's being compared to Wozniak, well
               | different league.
        
               | arvindamirtaa wrote:
               | Well...when you put it like that...
        
               | caycep wrote:
               | Also, at least per a lot of his defenders, most (maybe
               | not all ) of the anecdotes were pre-NeXT Steve vs post-
               | NeXT Steve...albeit who knows what to believe...
        
               | Taniwha wrote:
               | I was around Apple pre Next and people there were already
               | afraid of Steve
        
               | howinteresting wrote:
               | Unfortunately so, to the extent that this is true.
        
           | KerrAvon wrote:
           | It's never been a thing in Silicon Valley. This sounds like
           | someone misunderstanding or inflating the stakes.
        
             | threeseed wrote:
             | I worked at Apple when Steve Jobs was still there and it
             | definitely sounds odd.
             | 
             | I had never heard of project-based profit sharing or being
             | fired and named/shamed for non-delivery. I had personally
             | seen coding mistakes cost tens of millions in lost revenue
             | and the developers were still there and many got promoted.
             | 
             | Surely if he was promised $10 million and Apple didn't pay
             | up there would be grounds for a lawsuit. Especially since
             | that stock would be worth so much more today.
        
       | imwally wrote:
       | A list of certified UNIX operating systems:
       | https://www.opengroup.org/openbrand/register/
        
         | vmlinuz wrote:
         | I'm quite surprised to see that OpenServer is still on that
         | list, and Solaris _isn 't_...
        
           | manbart wrote:
           | I think that IBM z/OS is the strangest entry on the list.
           | It's also notable that Hawaii EulerOS is a Linux distro based
           | on CentOS
        
             | pjmlp wrote:
             | Thanks z/OS UNIX System Services.
             | 
             | https://www.ibm.com/docs/en/zos/2.5.0?topic=descriptions-
             | zos...
        
             | azinman2 wrote:
             | So Huawei got Unix certification for Linux? If so, that's a
             | pretty big deal!
        
               | yjftsjthsd-h wrote:
               | They did, but (IIRC, and this is an _old_ memory) to make
               | GNU /Linux pass certification you have to hack it up
               | quite a bit; lots of GNU tools have POSIX modes that
               | significantly change how they behave - things like du
               | defaulting to 1024-byte units by default but using
               | 512-byte units if you set POSIXLY_CORRECT because parts
               | of the standard are, um, "interesting". But yes, neat to
               | know that it can be done.
        
               | krylon wrote:
               | AFAIR, Red Hat once had a version of their system
               | certified, too. But it's not as useful as one might think
               | - the certification applies to a specific distro and
               | release only, so it needs to be renewed with every new
               | release.
        
           | yjftsjthsd-h wrote:
           | Extra funny considering that Solaris is built from actual
           | AT&T UNIX(tm) code and OpenServer was, last I looked, FreeBSD
           | with some patches.
           | 
           | (Or, honestly, sad; RIP Sun.)
        
             | gattilorenz wrote:
             | Depends on the version of OpenServer. Up to 6 (released in
             | 2005) it was a descendant of Xenix, so plenty of AT&T (well
             | Bell Labs I guess) code still in there probably.
             | 
             | Later on SCO finally died and Xinuos got the trademark,
             | which was reused for a FreeBSD-derived product as well
        
           | throw0101a wrote:
           | I think this is less technical and more 'political' /
           | contractual, as it used to be:
           | 
           | > _This is to certify that Oracle Corporation has entered
           | into a Trademark License Agreement with X /Open Company
           | Limited in accordance with which the following are registered
           | under the X/Open Brand Program._
           | 
           | * https://web.archive.org/web/20191022053203/https://www.open
           | g...
           | 
           | * https://www.opengroup.org/openbrand/register/brand3642.htm
           | 
           | An August 2018 tweet:
           | 
           | > _We are pleased to announce that Oracle Corporation has
           | achieved certification to the UNIX V7 Product Standard for:
           | Oracle Solaris 11.4 Operating System and later on SPARC-based
           | and X86 based platforms. For more
           | information:http://ow.ly/8fT830lBjfu #UNIX_
           | 
           | * https://twitter.com/theopengroup/status/1034785507610447872
           | 
           | There's a renewal process:
           | 
           | * https://www.opengroup.org/openbrand/docs/UNIXV7_Certificati
           | o...
           | 
           | Oracle did not bother renewing in April 2019:
           | 
           | > _Solaris supports SPARC and x86-64 workstations and servers
           | from Oracle and other vendors. Solaris was registered as
           | compliant with UNIX 03 until 29 April 2019.[6][7][8]_
           | 
           | * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oracle_Solaris
        
           | mrweasel wrote:
           | It's honestly a little weird that Oracle doesn't see the
           | value in continuing to have Solaris certified, same with
           | Redhat and RHEL, but Apple continue to get macOS certified.
        
             | mst wrote:
             | At this point Solaris is a zombie product that's only still
             | on sale to bring in revenue from people who're so committed
             | to the platform they'll buy it no matter what.
             | 
             | The development team was basically disbanded a while back,
             | and the hardware team even further back than that, and any
             | customer who's not going to be put off by that seems fairly
             | unlikely to be put off by the lack of certification.
        
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