[HN Gopher] Farming Co. Says John Deere Is Monopolizing Repair M...
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       Farming Co. Says John Deere Is Monopolizing Repair Market
        
       Author : cwwc
       Score  : 185 points
       Date   : 2022-01-18 13:54 UTC (9 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.law360.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.law360.com)
        
       | vishvananda wrote:
       | I hadn't been following the "Right to Repair" movement too
       | closely until I discovered that NordicTrack recently locked their
       | users out of Privileged Mode[0], which makes it virtually
       | impossible to install 3rd party software like Netflix on my
       | treadmill. I just want to watch a video while I exercise!
       | 
       | [0]: https://www.wired.com/story/nordictrack-ifit-treadmill-
       | privi...
        
       | newaccount2021 wrote:
        
       | stevenharrison wrote:
       | Source is paywalled, this might be better:
       | https://topclassactions.com/lawsuit-settlements/consumer-pro...
       | 
       | There's other tractor manufacturers, farmers don't have to use
       | JD.
        
         | randomdata wrote:
         | _> farmers don 't have to use JD._
         | 
         | I have a bunch of different colours in my shed. The only
         | appreciable difference I've noticed is that when I needed the
         | service manual to fix something, the CaseIH dealer slapped a
         | book down in front of me. The tech at the Deere dealer had to
         | enter a password on a computer to decrypt it for me. Neither
         | seemed terribly concerned about providing the information,
         | though.
        
         | DamnYuppie wrote:
         | The tech analogy is basically similar to those who have their
         | tech stack as Microsoft .NET vs Go. You can switch but it isn't
         | as easy as just buying all new equipment.
         | 
         | Another point is JD is far more than just tractors so if you
         | run a farm you will have many large pieces of equipment which
         | you paid millions for so not so easy to just go and buy new
         | stuff.
        
       | fartcannon wrote:
       | The future of life on earth depends on there being no limitations
       | on repairing, modifying, or extending the things we buy.
        
       | frankfrankfrank wrote:
       | On a related side note. I find that this is yet another topic
       | that highlights the need for efforts to bring legislation back in
       | line with Constitutional principles of being outcome, not method
       | oriented; descriptive, not prescriptive.
       | 
       | What that may mean is that legislation would require, e.g., that
       | anyone doing any business with the government or using any
       | government/public services (e.g., GPS) must utilize technologies
       | that are common and compatible with each other both physically
       | (parts) and data (communications, controls, etc.).
       | 
       | We are facing a situation that was last encountered or at least
       | recognized in the late 80s and 90s, where silos and cartels were
       | starting to emerge that led to massive waste and pillage of at
       | least the public coffers. That led to a wave of standardization
       | efforts in the late 90s and early 00s. That wave seems to have
       | started dying out and really needs to be revitalized.
        
         | conradev wrote:
         | 1000%
         | 
         | For example, California wants to electrify lawn equipment:
         | https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/our-work/programs/zero-emission-lands...
         | 
         | There are a number of competing ecosystems of batteries. They
         | each have a leaf blower that takes a different form factor
         | battery:
         | 
         | https://www.ryobitools.com/products/details/46396029911
         | 
         | https://www.dewalt.com/products/outdoor/blowers/20v-max-lith...
         | 
         | https://www.milwaukeetool.com/Products/Safety-Solutions/Emis...
         | 
         | Batteries are expensive and use a lot of carbon to produce, so
         | the world would be better off if these batteries were fully
         | interchangeable.
        
           | aardvarkr wrote:
           | Action like that would freeze innovation at a time when we
           | want to keep pushing the boundaries of what is possible. All
           | three of those systems use different voltages or designs that
           | change power output and weight distribution. On top of that,
           | each brand is incentivized to keep experimenting to improve
           | the battery design for their specific use cases. Dewalt, for
           | example, is making lawn mowers that use two of their 20v
           | batteries in parallel so you can use the same batteries in
           | your mower as you do in your drill. The Ryobi batteries
           | haven't changed since they were first introduced so the old
           | drill that you bought in 2014 is still usable with today's
           | batteries.
        
         | alfalfasprout wrote:
         | The problem is that such an approach requires a fair bit of
         | nuance to get it right and not stifle innovation. For example,
         | the last thing anyone wants is the establishment of super slow
         | to change standards that bring everyone to the "lowest common
         | denominator".
         | 
         | I believe that simply requiring certain standards to have a
         | freely available specification + right to repair will get us in
         | a good place.
        
       | Cupertino95014 wrote:
       | On agricultural issues: be careful about making assumptions.
       | 
       | I was talking about the labels on fruits (you know, those labels
       | you just peel off so you don't eat them) with someone who knew
       | about this sort of thing . I ignorantly said "that's gotta be a
       | low-margin business."
       | 
       | He said, "Actually, it's a high-margin business."
       | 
       | If you get a monopoly in some market that's _very_ difficult to
       | enter, you 've got yourself a steady cash flow. I don't think
       | "repairing tractors out in the middle of nowhere" is a very easy
       | one to get into.
        
         | MisterTea wrote:
         | > I don't think "repairing tractors out in the middle of
         | nowhere" is a very easy one to get into.
         | 
         | Not as hard as you think (I've worked on cars, vans and even
         | semi trucks). By the local Autozone (a chain of automotive
         | parts store) there is a man who repairs cars on the street out
         | of a an old, short school bus. He also does house calls. He has
         | a generator, air compressor, welder, jacks, engine hoist, all
         | the tools needed, and even some parts. Same setup would enable
         | tractor repair with the addition of some heavier tools to
         | handle the larger bolts and so on.
         | 
         | John Deere is electronically locking their equipment so no one
         | but them can figure out whats wrong or reset/clear error codes
         | to restore normal operation. It's just shenanigans.
        
           | bluGill wrote:
           | Every tractor comes with a display in the cab that tells you
           | what the code means. This display is populated from the same
           | database that goes into John Deere's dealer service tool. I
           | wrote some of that code. (I don't speak for John Deere of
           | course)
           | 
           | The only thing you cannot do without a dealer is replace a
           | ECU. This is part anti-theft, and part to ensure you don't
           | mess with the emissions.
        
         | throwawayboise wrote:
         | I understand the tractor repair example to some degree, though
         | "difficult to enter" in the case of Deere is largely because
         | Deere is making it difficult.
         | 
         | But how is the market for fruit labels difficult to enter?
        
           | AlbertCory wrote:
           | Well, I can only speculate, not having tried.
           | 
           | It could be that the farmers & handlers already know the main
           | suppliers and they're satisfied with them: low prices, good
           | service, acceptable quality. And they're not looking for even
           | lower prices.
           | 
           | If you have a monopoly and you've ridden the learning curve
           | far enough that you're making a good profit while not pissing
           | off your customers, and the market is pretty static, you're
           | in.
           | 
           | But I could be wrong.
        
             | ethbr0 wrote:
             | I'd hazard it's probably due to order of magnitude
             | different absolute profit amounts.
             | 
             | E.g. you can double _your_ margins on fruit labels, and
             | still be a rounding error for fruit producers
             | 
             | Consequently, being invisible and fanatically attentive to
             | what your customers want (e.g. ease of use) means the
             | hassle of switching suppliers outweighs the cost savings.
        
               | AlbertCory wrote:
               | I was pondering this while walking the dog: family-run
               | businesses, small business, etc.
               | 
               |  _In some businesses, having been around for a long time,
               | being part of the community, and knowing your customers
               | is worth WAY more than a few points of profit. In fact,
               | those businesses are everywhere. Look and see who buys
               | the ads for the high school sports teams.
               | 
               | Tractor repair ought to be like that. Not the monopoly of
               | John Deere._
               | 
               | (I don't know anything about who owns fruit-labelling,
               | and it might even _be_ some giant conglomerate.)
               | 
               | But let's say someone owns such a loyalty business,
               | everything is great, and then they die or retire. Then
               | what?
               | 
               | It's the source of a million dramas, like _Yellowstone_
               | or _King Lear_. Maybe a son or daughter takes over. Then
               | they 're incompetent. Or not. Maybe the kids fight over
               | it. The possibilities are endless.
               | 
               | Or maybe the giant conglomerate DOES buy it. Promising
               | "nothing will change" of course.
        
               | ethbr0 wrote:
               | I think often... it just ceases to exist.
               | 
               | E.g. What happens when the local diner goes out of
               | business? There's no Law of Diners that mandates someone
               | else step up. Sure, a McDonald's or Wendy's might drop
               | in. But that's not really the same thing. (Restaurants
               | are the obvious example, but it could just as easily be a
               | machinist or florist. Flavor analogy to desired niche
               | industry)
               | 
               | As an example: Royall Machine, Lottsburg, VA https://www.
               | google.com/maps/place/2461+Northumberland+Hwy,+L...
               | 
               | Was there for 30+ years. Could make about anything you
               | needed out of metal. Now, just isn't.
               | 
               | And moreover, the customers, having become cultured to
               | dealing with the existing business, now have to radically
               | alter their expectations when interacting with a more
               | corporate entity. McMaster-Carr is great, but it's a darn
               | sight different than bringing in a broken part, and
               | having a duplicate made in about a week.
        
         | Frost1x wrote:
         | People tend to overestimate how reasonable it is to become a
         | real competitor. Just because someone's sitting on a fluffy
         | market with fat margins doesn't mean competition will just fly
         | in and regulate pricing structures down for consumers.
         | 
         | Typically, quite the opposite happens and investors and
         | entrepreneurs see the opportunity to compete, but quickly
         | discount it because the risk to compete is too high relative to
         | barriers to entry. As long as your barriers to entry are high
         | enough, a bonus if on of the barriers is capital intensive
         | (time is something many can sacrifice but capital can be
         | conjured out of thin air), you're going to be nearly impossible
         | to dethrone by a competitor coming in.
         | 
         | You can usually spot competitors a mile away approaching the
         | outermost mote your castle has and head them off early, perhaps
         | establish an early friendship, or acquire them at a low cost
         | before they get anywhere near the crown jewels. The trick is to
         | get the foothold and momentum in a market. After that it's
         | difficult for competitors to actually compete unless you're
         | asleep at the wheel.
        
       | excalibur wrote:
       | Text is accurate, headline is misleading. Deere has had this
       | market cornered for a while and nobody has done anything to stop
       | them.
        
         | mfer wrote:
         | > nobody has done anything to stop them
         | 
         | Sort of yes and no.
         | 
         | No one has done anything to stop them just like no one has done
         | anything to stop Apple or the other tech companies.
         | 
         | Farmers have done a lot of lobbying and other work around right
         | to repair just to work on their equipment. This includes being
         | apart of efforts with the Library of Congress for the exemption
         | that comes up every so often. They've been there alongside
         | people in tech circles.
        
         | Cthulhu_ wrote:
         | I'm sure we'll see a Tesla tractor (Teslactor? Tesla model T?
         | Elon Deere?) being announced at some point, never to actually
         | make it production. Built for farming on Mars. With gullwing
         | doors and autopilot (I'm aware that modern tractors have
         | autopilot too), made out of stainless steel.
        
           | nyxtom wrote:
           | Believe it or not Lamborghini for instance does make a
           | tractor that is pretty beefy https://www.lamborghini-
           | tractors.com/en-eu/ I would not be surprised to see Tesla
           | enter that market some time down the road
        
             | throwaway6734 wrote:
             | Iirc Lamborghini started as a tractor company
        
               | mijoharas wrote:
               | Yep, he actually started making cars after getting into
               | an argument with Enzo Ferrari.
               | 
               | I just googled to find the reference[0], but apparantly
               | he had a problem with his clutch, went to ferrari and
               | suggested some easy ways that ferrari could make their
               | clutches last longer. Ferrari responds with:
               | 
               | > "Let me make cars. You stick to making tractors." -
               | Enzo Ferrari
               | 
               | Which obviously didn't go down too well. Then Lamborghini
               | started making cars.
               | 
               | [0] https://www.granturismoevents.com/story-the-epic-
               | story-behin...
        
             | kwhitefoot wrote:
             | Jeremy Clarkson has a Lamborghini tractor,it's huge
             | compared to most that you see in the UK..
        
       | trembonator wrote:
        
       | dogman144 wrote:
       | Omaha has had a relatively robust tech meetup scene for a while
       | because of stuff like this and interesting open source projects
       | come out of the region+. The tractors have as much SW in them as
       | a car does these days, and it was locked down to repair except by
       | the manufacturer.
        
       | coding123 wrote:
       | So I'm gearing up to buy a Kubota FEL soon.
       | 
       | Two reasons we passed on JD FEL is 1) financing isn't as good 2)
       | you have to pay JD a yearly maintenance package AND take it in
       | once a year otherwise your warranty is shit. That could be
       | incorrect and just one dealer we spoke to, but it didn't add up
       | with the better stuff we're hearing from the Kubota side.
        
         | abakker wrote:
         | I'm curious about the Value prop for an FEL. I bought a bobcat
         | T590 last year because it had a lot of capacity - both PTO
         | power and absolute ability to lift. It isn't good for turf, but
         | I can pick up a 4000lb pallet. FELs all seemed to max out at
         | ~1000 lbs for the same footprint.
         | 
         | is the bucket really just not the use case for a FEL anymore?
        
           | coding123 wrote:
           | I think it is the use-case. I'm just working on my property.
           | It's like a big lawn mower and landscaping tool. I am getting
           | the backhoe so that I can do some light trenching work. I can
           | also use it to plow through medium levels of bush in the way.
           | Also good to help with spreading gravel or smoothing out a
           | building pad. It's like - if you have a normal size house
           | with 10k sq ft lot, you own a lawn mower. When you own 10
           | acres or more, you probably need a tractor of some kind.
           | 
           | edit: Sorry I see you were specifically discussing the FEL
           | that can handle 4k vs 1k. Mostly Gravel is my largest use-
           | case. I won't be able to pallet lift a ton of bricks, that is
           | correct. But for the rest of the tool it's like a swiss army
           | knife in that it has different attachments both on the front,
           | the back (and the bottom).
        
         | randomdata wrote:
         | Interestingly, all my neighbours who have tried them are back
         | to running Green machines. A good friend is the mechanic at the
         | Kubota dealership and he speaks quite highly of them, though.
         | 
         | May be a case of Deere getting aggressive. Another friend
         | bought a new Steiger series tractor a few years ago and before
         | it even showed up in his yard, Deere rolled in to make him an
         | offer he couldn't refuse to trade it in.
        
       | kentf wrote:
       | Nilay Patel had a great interview with John Deere's CTO where he
       | pressed him on the right to repair for farmers. Highly recommend
       | the episode, and all decoder episodes, Nilay is a fantastic
       | reporter and doesn't let his quests squeak away with half
       | answers. https://www.theverge.com/22533735/john-deere-cto-
       | hindman-dec...
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | frankfrankfrank wrote:
       | Is there a reason that some Asian or even European competitors
       | can't just come in and offer the same kind of features and
       | services without all the lock-in, actively taking market share by
       | being the anti-monopolist?
       | 
       | Maybe I'm missing something, but I can't see the brand loyalty to
       | Deere lasting too much longer, especially if some of the Asian
       | competitors can make offerings without all the shackling.
        
         | wldcordeiro wrote:
         | I imagine it's a smaller version of the American cars vs
         | Japanese cars attitude that really peaked during the 70s and
         | 80s. It's still around to this day where you meet people who
         | are Chevy or Ford die-hards and hate all cars Japanese.
         | Considering that trucks are often farming equipment and Chevy
         | and Ford make trucks it would make sense people would have
         | similar attitude about their dedicated farm equipment coming
         | from John Deere vs Yamaha (a joke example since they make
         | things from pianos to motorcycles.)
        
           | isk517 wrote:
           | Your probably on to something. I remember a lot of people
           | getting excited when John Deere farm equipment was introduced
           | into Farm Simulator 2019.
        
         | ChuckNorris89 wrote:
         | Because it's a heavily entrenched industry that's not easily
         | disrupted, where each brand has carved it's on territory by
         | geography and there's this silent gentlemen's agreement of "you
         | stay out of my market, I stay out of yours and we all win"
         | since even if the other competitor would attempt to come in the
         | other market, it would face an uphill and insanely expensive
         | battle just to enter the market, as in order to capture any
         | market share it would need to undercut its competitor on cost
         | while offering superior quality, while spending insane money on
         | the supply chains and world class service and tech network
         | which guarantees the up-time of your machinery, thereby
         | weakening the profit margins not just for themselves but
         | potentially the whole market.
         | 
         | So why would you want to do something as risky and foolish as
         | that when you got a good thing going?
        
           | gunapologist99 wrote:
           | > Because it's a heavily entrenched industry that's not
           | easily disrupted, where each brand has carved it's on
           | territory by geography and there's this silent gentlemen's
           | agreement of "you stay out of my market, I stay out of yours
           | and we all win
           | 
           | Do you know that this is the case or are you speculating? It
           | seems like there's an intense amount of competition,
           | especially with imported farming equipment. (I have no idea
           | if John Deere sells overseas or if it's mostly a domestic
           | brand.)
           | 
           | Some other manufacturers that seem to have big branding in
           | the U.S. are New Holland (just found out they're owned by
           | Fiat.. small world), Mahindra, and Kubota. Are those all part
           | of this cartel that you're alleging exists?
        
             | mitchell_h wrote:
             | He's full of it. I do have a background in farming.
             | 
             | Case, and Deere go head to head in almost every market. New
             | Holland and a couple others also play in the same markets
             | depending on what KIND of machine you're looking to run.
             | Tillage tractors are pretty much fendt/challenger, NH,
             | deere, case. When you get into combines/coppers other
             | brands also play. For the consumer and/or smaller tractor
             | market there's all sorts of options.
             | 
             | Why people go deere or case is simple. It's the supply
             | chains. You have N days to get your crop in the ground, and
             | Y days to get your crop harvested. Deere and case have the
             | best(and most expensive) field techs and dealer support. "A
             | machine is only as good as your dealer support" is the
             | phase almost everyone uses when shopping for equipment.
             | Anyone with a significant investment of tractors(non-hobby
             | farmers) can have a case or deere tech replace or fix damn
             | near anything in hours or days, on site.
        
               | randomdata wrote:
               | _> Tillage tractors are pretty much fendt /challenger,
               | NH, deere, case._
               | 
               | Versatile is making inroads again. Starting to see quite
               | a few of them around.
        
               | akvadrako wrote:
               | This seems the most imformative comment in this
               | discussion.
               | 
               | So if there is competition and Deere is really the best,
               | I don't see the issue. The right incentives are there to
               | make farming better.
        
             | ChuckNorris89 wrote:
             | _> Do you know that this is the case or are you
             | speculating?_
             | 
             | I don't work in farming but I worked for an European HW
             | manufacturer that's top in Europe in that niche and the CEO
             | back then told us we're not aggressively pursuing expansion
             | outside of Europe since US, China, Japan, Korea have their
             | own local champions in this market and it's not profitable
             | to go to war with them on their own turf, so he told us
             | about this silent gentlemen's agreement where everyone
             | keeps to his own market so we can all profit as "the pie is
             | big enough for everyone, if we start fighting over it then
             | we'd all lose". I assume the same business concept applies
             | here.
        
             | themadturk wrote:
             | Case/New Holland/International Harvester were all American
             | companies with roots going back to the mid-19th century, so
             | they're seen as very "American" despite being owned by
             | Fiat.
        
               | throwawayboise wrote:
               | And I think New Holland spun off from Ford at one point
               | but I may be mistaken.
        
           | onion2k wrote:
           | _silent gentlemen 's agreement_
           | 
           | We assume it's silent but we probably shouldn't. It could be
           | a boring old cartel. Someone should check.
        
           | giantg2 wrote:
           | I'm not sure which brands are owned by Deere, but there are
           | quite a few available in the US, depending on scale. I
           | specifically think that LS is foreign, but don't remember for
           | sure.
        
         | jevoten wrote:
         | Because after you spend $N billion catching up to Deere's
         | manufacturing and expertise, they'll suddenly realize that yes,
         | it's essential that farmers be able to control and repair their
         | own equipment, and will use their massive war chest built on
         | unethical practices to undercut you.
         | 
         | And when you're out of business, they'll go back to their old
         | ways.
        
         | biorach wrote:
         | It's not a monopoly. There are plenty of manufacturers in the
         | market. However JD has significant, if not leading, market
         | share in many markets along with being regarded as a premium
         | brand, and has significant loyalty among a demographic where
         | memories are long and loyalty counts.
         | 
         | They do make really really good machines, and their top-end
         | gear is very highly regarded. All the above has allowed them to
         | get away with some dubious practices. However farmers are also
         | very cost conscious and there is growing dissatisfaction at the
         | blatant lock-in.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | HeyLaughingBoy wrote:
         | What's their incentive to do that when they could come in with
         | a different lock-in now that it's been proven to be profitable
         | to do so by JD?
         | 
         | > I can't see the brand loyalty to Deere lasting too much
         | longer
         | 
         | Here's an anecdote: if I go into Fleet Farm or Tractor Supply
         | (farm supply stores), I see John Deere toy tractors, in fact my
         | son has one: they're very well built. I don't think I've ever
         | seen any other brand of toy tractor. That alone says a lot.
        
       | assbuttbuttass wrote:
       | I'm sure we on hacker news are more familiar with the tech side
       | of right to repair, but farming is also a huge problem.
       | 
       | JD walked so that Apple could run
        
         | n4r9 wrote:
         | Absolutely; Apple is the well-known offender but the issue
         | extends to medical equipment, white goods, televisions and
         | probably a whole lot more. This really is about preventing
         | monopolies and I've seen basically no tenable argument against
         | strengthening right to repair laws.
        
           | all2 wrote:
           | > white goods                   White fabrics, usually of
           | cotton or linen.Household merchandise, as bed sheets and
           | curtains, formerly made from white fabrics, but now often
           | colored.Large household appliances, as ovens and
           | refrigerators, formerly finished with white enamel, but now
           | often colored.               - American Heritage Dictionary
        
             | [deleted]
        
       | gunapologist99 wrote:
       | This view might not be very popular, so I want to preface it
       | with: I am very supportive of the right of repair, especially
       | when it's being used to force expensive proprietary repairs,
       | probably from a long way away (I'm sure shipping a tractor isn't
       | quite like shipping an iphone), or when it's used to enforce a
       | sort of planned obsolescence when the manufacturer just decides
       | to stop maintaining in order to force you to upgrade.
       | 
       | I'm curious, however, how much (in practical terms) John Deere
       | would have to give or open up in terms of trade secrets in order
       | to enable repairs (especially of super advanced stuff like fully
       | autonomous farming), and to what extent they would need to open
       | things up that offshore competitors might easily clone without
       | having invested the millions (or billions?) that John Deere has
       | already invested.
       | 
       | Put another way, right now, _today_ , we have a farming equipment
       | manufacturer based in the U.S. that is actually injecting some
       | serious tech into a rather staid industry. John Deere seems to be
       | turning into a highly innovative tech mfg company, in,
       | ironically, one of the most expensive places to run a heavy
       | equipment manufacturer.
       | 
       | I view them as a huge asset, developing what appears to be
       | interesting ideas in what was a pretty tech-adverse industry, and
       | fully automated farming is probably also a key component for food
       | security across the globe, U.S. national security, international
       | stability, and probably needs to be a part of any climate change
       | conversation.
       | 
       | So, how much are we asking them to give up of their know-how
       | where it might be cloned or worked-around by other companies?
       | 
       | In the immortal words of Dr. Ian Malcolm, "You stood on the
       | shoulders of geniuses to accomplish something as fast as you
       | could, and before you even knew what you had, you patented it,
       | and packaged it, and slapped it on a plastic lunchbox, and now
       | you wanna sell it."
       | 
       | What if FOTMA or Yucheng Dadi Machinery Co
       | (https://sdycdadi.en.made-in-china.com/product/EvdncAtVZXkZ/C...)
       | or something like that decide to clone the most advanced John
       | Deere tractors with their new access?
       | 
       | If you are buying a quarter-million-dollar John Deere combine,
       | you have probably already evaluated the rest of the industry and
       | decided that the draconian DRM or whatever they're using is worth
       | that very substantial investment. It's not like you might have
       | just been browsing in the store for a $1 bottle of shampoo -- I'm
       | sure you can't be a farmer without knowing, in detail, about this
       | unable-to-repair problem with John Deere specifically, and might
       | have even formed some strong opinions about it!
       | 
       | And if you decide that it's not worth it, then you would choose
       | something else.. the market would punish John Deere for their
       | overstep. (I'm not a farmer and have zero contact with this
       | industry, but it seems that the Indian company Mahindra has
       | pretty competitive pricing from a quick browse of tractor
       | dealerships.) You could also sue John Deere if they were
       | delivering a vehicle that wasn't performing according to their
       | specifications, and ultimately their reputation would suffer. (It
       | took thirty years for American auto mfgs to rebuild their
       | reputation after the garbage they made way back in the 70's.)
       | 
       | The other thing where the market would help to fix this, without
       | needing a legislative fix, is if a competitor steps up with an
       | easy to repair tractor, like https://frame.work/ did for laptops.
       | If this is a real problem, then some smart entrepreneur
       | eventually will, even if they end up having their first tractors
       | built in China. John Deere relies on the trust of farmers just as
       | much as the other way around.
       | 
       | Just some food for thought. This seems to be a nuanced and very
       | emotional issue for some people, but it does seem like there are
       | at least two sides to this story.
        
         | Enginerrrd wrote:
         | Honestly, they can keep a lot closed but still create modular
         | designs and repairers win without giving away the farm.
         | 
         | If you don't want to pay John Deere for their fancy autonomous
         | farming, that's fine. But you should be able to swap in a
         | different control unit and not have to worry about your tractor
         | simply refusing to run like a Keurig machine that refuses to
         | run non-rfid tagged genuine k-cups.
         | 
         | Voids your warranty, sure, but I think you should be able to
         | make that decision for yourself.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | syshum wrote:
           | There is a double edge problem here.
           | 
           | Farming like almost every other industry is has been under
           | massive consolidation pressure for the last several decades,
           | small and medium farms being bought out by large
           | corporations.
           | 
           | These large corporations have no problem with these changes
           | at JD because they do not want to repair their tractors
           | anyway, they outsource that to the dealers now.
           | 
           | These changes however do drive up the costs for independent
           | farmers which the Corporate farms love because then they can
           | either drive them out of business or buy them cheap...
        
             | [deleted]
        
         | kmeisthax wrote:
         | All they need to do is...
         | 
         | - Allow people to buy genuine replacement parts at the same or
         | similar pricing to what the OEM pays
         | 
         | - Publish information on what parts go where on the device and
         | how to install them
         | 
         | - Don't make the device lock itself if it detects the user has
         | replaced a device
         | 
         | None of this in and of itself implicates John Deere's ability
         | to ship a competitive product or prevent cloning. My
         | understanding is that other manufacturers would already have
         | the ability and know-how to take their competitors' products
         | apart and figure out how they work. Not being able to buy
         | replacement parts or not having circuit board schematics
         | doesn't really help stop that, because they can just buy the
         | whole package and do their own reverse-engineering work from
         | there. If you have competitors that _can 't_ do that, then they
         | probably couldn't build a clone even if these companies were
         | extremely repair-friendly.
        
           | all2 wrote:
           | This smells like the printer cartridge problem that HP and
           | others have, where, if you replace the cartridge with non-HP,
           | the printer will lock up and cease to function...
        
             | webmaven wrote:
             | _> This smells like the printer cartridge problem that HP
             | and others have, where, if you replace the cartridge with
             | non-HP, the printer will lock up and cease to function..._
             | 
             | That's pretty much exactly what is going on.
        
         | wavefunction wrote:
         | Couldn't a capable foreign rival just come to America, approach
         | a local farmer and ask them for access to the tractor for long
         | enough to derive whatever alleged trade secrets there are? Or
         | even just buy one, either here or overseas and disassemble?
        
           | [deleted]
        
         | syshum wrote:
         | >> John Deere would have to give or open up in terms of trade
         | secrets in order to enable repairs
         | 
         | None... "Security" and "Trade Secrets" are largely red herrings
         | to muddy the conversation and provide convenient cover for
         | their true objective, anti-repair, or protectionism for their
         | dealer network.
         | 
         | They can implement repairablity, api's and a whole host of
         | other things to individual purchasers and independent repair
         | with out sacrificing security or compromising trade secrets
        
         | simion314 wrote:
         | I think is easy to contradict your hypothesis, All the code and
         | tools are not secret, local shops have them so you don't need
         | some extremely clever spy to get their hands on them.
         | 
         | I seen a similar argument about Apple repair manuals , there is
         | even more stupid since Apple sends in China the full blueprints
         | to build the iPhones so there is no fucking way that making the
         | repair tools and manuals public gives China,Russia or N Koreea
         | something they can't already get.
         | 
         | DRM would only make sense if you rent the product so the owner
         | would not want to let a random dude to change stuff, but if you
         | are the owner then you should be able to read the error codes
         | and have a competent person replace a part.
         | 
         | TL:DR the repair tools and manuals do not contain trade
         | secrets, the argument is flawed.
        
       | xondono wrote:
       | I have to say, I'm still very divided about right to repair.
       | 
       | I think it's hard to keep a consistent world view where right to
       | repair is a thing, and at the same time anything but open source
       | is outright illegal.
        
         | toss1 wrote:
         | Why does a right to repair require open-source to be the only
         | legal option?
         | 
         | It seems that I could have a highly proprietary device and
         | still be able to repair it. It would just require availability
         | of 1) documentation 2) diagnostics, 3) parts at market prices,
         | 4) parts not locked by DRM code.
         | 
         | E.g., the iPhone could still have all their proprietary code,
         | as long as I can read about the components and their
         | relationships, diagnose a problem, replace a component and/or
         | flash new data/code onto the device.
         | 
         | Same for a car or tractor. Meaningful repair doesn't require
         | that we be able to dismantle and re-solder sub-board-level
         | components, only identify the particular component, obtain it
         | at a reasonable availability and cost, and replace it, or be
         | able to substitute an upgraded part.
         | 
         | Am I missing something here?
        
         | ClumsyPilot wrote:
         | You do realise that we had right to repair in the 80's?
         | Domestic appliances, cars and tractors did not contain
         | computers. There was no firmware. The whole issue comes from
         | abuse of IT laws to destroy our individual right to personal
         | property.
         | 
         | There is no 'copyright' on mechanical parts, anyone is free to
         | make a copy, and you are free to buy them from anyone.
         | 
         | Even if a part is patented (which is a small percentage), the
         | patent law spesifically allows anyone to build anything for
         | personal use.
         | 
         | If I have to repair my toaster, and it contains a
         | microcontroller, then I can buy that microcontroller but not
         | the firmware. The firmware belongs to the manufacturer, even if
         | all it does is have a time to eject bread. So my toaster is
         | unrepairable if that chip dies. That toaster could never be
         | patented, beucase there is nothing innovative.
        
           | ChrisLomont wrote:
           | > You do realise that we had right to repair in the 80's?
           | 
           | There was no such right in the 80s, any more than there is
           | now.
           | 
           | In both times you could repair what you or repair people
           | obtained the skill to do. There was no inherent, moral right,
           | and no legal right, then or now.
           | 
           | Also in the 80's plenty of domestic appliances, cars, and
           | tractors contained computers.
           | 
           | https://www.autotrader.com/car-news/when-did-cars-get-
           | comput...
           | 
           | https://www.haytalk.com/threads/what-year-did-the-
           | computers-...
        
             | throwaway2048 wrote:
             | Not in a legal sense, but in a practical one, companies had
             | no effective way of locking you out of repairing your own
             | machines, unlike today. No need for a round of pedantry.
        
               | ChrisLomont wrote:
               | >No need for a round of pedantry.
               | 
               | Ah, well if we can divorce ourselves from facts, then
               | yes, we can believe anything.
               | 
               | What legal way am I locked out? There are exemptions in
               | US (and other law) for copyright, patents have not
               | changed, trademarks don't stop me.
               | 
               | There are zero items in my house (and I have all sorts of
               | tech) that I cannot take apart (and routinely do) and
               | fiddle with and hack on and change and repair if I feel
               | so inclined.
               | 
               | Sure, the average person with low tech skills and low
               | tech tools has a harder time, but the things being worked
               | on are simply much more specialized and complex. I bet
               | the average person has been unable to repair a fine watch
               | for a century - that's needed a specialist, since it was
               | high tech a century ago.
               | 
               | Or do you mean repair has gotten more complex as
               | technology has gotten more complex? That has been and
               | always will be the case. Repairing an axe is always going
               | to be easier than repairing an iPhone.
        
               | ClumsyPilot wrote:
               | > What legal way am I locked out? There are exemptions in
               | US (and other law) for copyright, patents have not
               | changed
               | 
               | Please point out to me which copyright exemption will
               | enable me to get hold of firmware for a microcontroller
               | in my washing machine if the current one gives up the
               | ghost. I can buy an identical microcontroller, and solder
               | it in place of the current one, but without firmware the
               | device is dead. The same applies to all appliances, from
               | toasters to cars, it has nothing to do with skill. This
               | was not the case a few decades ago.
               | 
               | Additionally, you clearly haven't been paying attention
               | to recent events. John Deer literally shuts down your
               | tractor, and even if you repair it, it won't start untill
               | you pay their mechanic to come over and reset it. It is
               | not a matter of skill - the machine is locked and only
               | their mechanics have authorisation to rest it. The same
               | is happening with phones, computers and domestic
               | apliances.
               | 
               | https://repair.eu/news/part-pairing-a-major-threat-to-
               | indepe...
               | 
               | Getting around some of these restrictions can land you in
               | jail
               | 
               | https://hackaday.com/2015/05/12/ask-hackaday-fixing-your-
               | tra...
        
             | marcosdumay wrote:
             | Right to repair died with the US creation of the DMCA. It
             | still exists on most of the world, but it's being
             | constantly fought and killed all around.
        
       | rdudek wrote:
       | Wonder how difficult it would be for some opensource startup to
       | come out and make a simple Generic Tractor at low cost, low
       | maintenance? I grew up on a small farm and the tractor we had was
       | very basic. Didn't have any of the latest tech which has pathing
       | and seeding controls.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | 7thaccount wrote:
         | I'm not a farmer, but this comes up a lot. Most modern farming
         | (the type done for money commercially and not as a hobby)is
         | fiendishly complex. The tractors are massive and are driven by
         | GPS and have all kinds of massive machines connected to them.
         | 
         | If you want a simple and cheap tractor, you can find a Farmall
         | from like 40 years ago and restore it easily for like a grand
         | or two (at least my friends dad was still doing this in 2008).
         | 
         | Typically whenever a once competitive firm becomes a lazy
         | monopolist, at some point others want to break in and get a
         | piece of the profit pie. It could happen someday.
        
           | masklinn wrote:
           | > Typically whenever a once competitive firm becomes a lazy
           | monopolist, at some point others want to break in and get a
           | piece of the profit pie. It could happen someday.
           | 
           | The problem is, as in many other domains, a combination of
           | opportunity cost and network effect.
           | 
           | Getting in the commercial farming game is going to be
           | expensive as hell and gruelling as you try to get a foothold,
           | and unlike, say, a car, your average farmer has a ton of
           | equipment from the same brand which works together, and the
           | more time passes the harder it becomes to interop (though I
           | guess at least in farming you don't have too many patented
           | hitches or PTOs these days?)
           | 
           | Not to mention in farming you really need to have a network
           | on the ball for parts and repairs, if you fuck up a farmer's
           | season by leaving them stranded for a week they're not going
           | to be happy campers.
        
           | matthias509 wrote:
           | All the implements which farmers use, planters cultivators,
           | etc have gotten larger over the years as the scale of farms
           | have grown. A 40 year old tractor likely isn't going to have
           | the horsepower to work with these new implements. Also, the
           | old tractor is likely to lack a cab which could mean no
           | climate control for you.
           | 
           | Both of these would be serious issues for operating a modern,
           | large scale farming operation.
        
             | 7thaccount wrote:
             | That's basically what I was saying above. If you need all
             | that a modern tractor has to offer you don't have much of a
             | choice. If you need to farm on a smaller scale, an older
             | (and much easier to repair) and much cheaper model is
             | always a possibility. Although the used market is insanely
             | expensive now I would guess.
        
             | BenjiWiebe wrote:
             | Those older tractors can and do have enough power for
             | modern farming. Source: I work in a shop in a farming
             | community which usually has 10+ tractors lined up to get
             | worked on, and the vast majority are 20-40 years old. They
             | are much more repairable then modern tractors, so plenty of
             | farmers actually _prefer_ them to the newer higher tech
             | tractors.
             | 
             | Oh, and most GPS steering systems don't come with the
             | tractor, and some types of systems are retrofitted onto any
             | tractor with a steering wheel.
        
           | frankfrankfrank wrote:
           | Although I am not doubting you, I find it rather curious that
           | you would describe tractors and/or other farm equipment as
           | "fiendishly complex". I am not sure if there is a term or
           | concept for this issue, but I get a strong sense from this
           | whole concept that what is really happening is the generation
           | of artificial and intentional complexity, if not just the
           | perception of complexity. There is nothing inherently complex
           | about, e.g., a tractor that has some method of automatic
           | steering, locates itself by GPS, and follows a path set by
           | coordinates and vectors.
           | 
           | Another aspect of what we are experiencing here I think is
           | essentially a multi-level/nested con job that uses that
           | artificial and perception of complexity to extract ever
           | higher and compounding levels of what what are essentially
           | rents.
           | 
           | The established industry players are banking on the high
           | barrier to entry (heavy machinery production) and brand
           | recognition (Runs like a Deere) to con the whole sector, and
           | therefore extract wealth from the whole of society trying to
           | feed itself.
           | 
           | Please feel free to challenge my perspective.
        
             | 7thaccount wrote:
             | Have you ever watched Clarkson's farm? It's a comedy show
             | about Jeremy Clarkson from top gear trying to actually farm
             | his land himself instead of paying someone to do it.
             | Everything is fiendishly complex. Nothing looks simple at
             | all. His tractor (granted it's a top end Lambo) has more
             | controls than the Enterprise in JJ Abram's Star Trek. I
             | don't think a small startup is taking that on anytime soon.
             | 
             | He has to call out someone to show him how to drive it and
             | has no idea how to get it hitched. All coming from a man
             | who has driven more cars of different types than probably
             | anyone on the planet. Granted, it is a comedy, buy I think
             | if you watch the first episode, you'll get the idea as I
             | did.
        
             | webmaven wrote:
             | _> Although I am not doubting you, I find it rather curious
             | that you would describe tractors and /or other farm
             | equipment as "fiendishly complex". I am not sure if there
             | is a term or concept for this issue,_
             | 
             | I've come across the term "confusopoly":
             | 
             | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confusopoly
        
             | alistairSH wrote:
             | Would you consider a modern car complex? A modern tractor
             | is at least that complicated, more in some ways, maybe less
             | in others.
             | 
             | From a high level, this doesn't seem a whole lot different
             | than the scan tools needed to diagnose new cars. Some of
             | which are vendor-locked on cars, but at minimum, there are
             | OBDII codes and scanners available to consumers. It's the
             | more marque-specific scan tools that aren't as readily
             | available (but even then, I believe indy service shops can
             | buy/license them, but it's very expensive).
        
             | abakker wrote:
             | Look how hard it was for Tesla to build cars. the Capex
             | businesses are notoriously unattractive for VCs.
             | 
             | I suspect that it will take some other innovation to make
             | this worthwhile to fund. Right to repair is not innovation,
             | its just a single feature change, so nobody cares to solve
             | it. It generates complaints, but probably doesn't hurt
             | sales.
             | 
             | At some point, maybe electrification will be that
             | innovation. Or maybe form factor? but, JD is not ignoring
             | product development, they just have expensive spare parts.
             | 
             | A data point I never see is what JD reliability is like.
             | Toyota has expensive spare parts compared to several of
             | their competitors, but they are also very reliable. If JD's
             | DRMs and expensive parts are concomitant with reliable
             | tractors, then maybe this issue is really just interesting
             | to techno libertarians and not actual farmers? I don't have
             | any sense for the size of the JD repair market.
        
               | themadturk wrote:
               | I'm not sure about Deere reliability, but I've seen
               | anecdotal evidence in the past about farmers being out of
               | operation because they can't fix their farm equipment
               | themselves.
        
             | fartcannon wrote:
             | I think you hit the nail on the head. Much like modern web
             | design, pointless complexity slows down competitors with
             | distractions.
        
         | syshum wrote:
         | https://www.opensourceecology.org/portfolio/tractor/
        
           | jonnydubowsky wrote:
           | Thanks for sharing this. I remember checking it out a few
           | years ago when Open Source Ecology first started doing their
           | workshops. They've come a long way. I love how their system
           | is designed to build modules to build machines to build more
           | modules.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | biorach wrote:
         | There are plenty simple low-cost tractors on the market.
         | 
         | However for large-scale agriculture where your tractor is
         | pulling high-end machinery you need something very powerful and
         | sophisticated. JD leads this market, and is a significant
         | player in the mid-range also.
        
       | thereddaikon wrote:
       | John Deere is a symptom of a wider problem in regards to right to
       | repair. Legally speaking there is a lot of progress that needs to
       | be made in the realm of consumer electronics. But for vehicles be
       | they road cars or tractors it can all be fixed with one good
       | federal court case. What John Deere, and Tesla and most
       | automakers are trying to do is basically circumvent the Sherman
       | Act through an abuse of copyright law. SCOTUS has been pretty
       | crappy on tying lately and has raised the bar, the opposite of
       | what should be happening. But it seems right to repair is gaining
       | a lot of broad political support so hopefully that will soon be
       | undone.
        
         | dawsmik wrote:
         | Then Congress should step in. This seems like something that
         | would get bipartisan support.
        
           | thereddaikon wrote:
           | A new law could work but I feel like this should be able to
           | be solved on the judicial side because its already illegal.
           | We just have another case of the law not being enforced.
        
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