[HN Gopher] An anatomy of Bitcoin price manipulation
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       An anatomy of Bitcoin price manipulation
        
       Author : VHRanger
       Score  : 514 points
       Date   : 2022-01-17 13:53 UTC (9 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.singlelunch.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.singlelunch.com)
        
       | kkjjkgjjgg wrote:
       | Am I reading right that among all the words, there are just three
       | examples of "manipulation"?
       | 
       | - fake news stories about Amazon accepting Bitcoin, and something
       | Tether
       | 
       | - "momentum ignition", trying to start a trend by placing a big
       | trade offer and withdrawing it when takers arrive
       | 
       | Are those really a big deal?
       | 
       | I guess technically every trade in crypto or stock markets is
       | also a "market manipulation", as it has the potential to move the
       | price.
        
       | skilled wrote:
       | Interesting tidbit:
       | 
       |  _" An aside on NFTs Because they're "unique" objects, NFTs are a
       | perfect vehicle for wash trading. You can easily ensure you only
       | wash trade to yourself. The common scheme is to wash trade with
       | yourself until some credible dunce buys the NFT from you at your
       | manufactured "fair" value, leaving you to walk away with real
       | money."_
       | 
       | It's such a stupidly simple idea it's actually brilliant.
        
         | paulpauper wrote:
         | not really if the fees are high and tons of ppl are doing this
         | with few sales. the nft market is so unbelievably saturated.
        
         | doopy1 wrote:
         | I see this concept of NFT was trading posited all over the
         | place, but it should be easy to prove, yet no one has been able
         | to produce tangible evidence, besides the occasional single
         | flashloan based sale... which eats a tone in gas. Sure there
         | are probably some wash trades here and there, but why is it so
         | hard for most folks to believe that this is in fact a huge
         | market driven by speculation?
        
           | joosters wrote:
           | Only the really obvious wash trades get spotted - e.g.
           | https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-10-29/here-
           | s-a-... , because half-decent manipulators will have the
           | sense to trade between different wallet addresses and
           | obfuscate their money sources.
        
             | doopy1 wrote:
             | Yes you are citing the flashloan wash trade that I
             | mentioned, but the rest I don't really buy at all. You
             | can't just materialize a wallet out of nowhere and use it
             | in a wash trade. Wallets need at least some ETH in order to
             | transact, because you have to pay gas to transact on
             | ethereum. This means that even the best pseudonymous wash
             | traders should be discoverable with chain analysis, or lead
             | to dead ends like tornado.cash. The reality is that you
             | can't find any good examples of this, and that means it's
             | all hypothetical conjecture. It should be quite easy to
             | prove otherwise.
        
         | MikeDelta wrote:
         | Reminds me of this sketch from Enfield and Whitehouse
         | 
         | https://youtu.be/ZiJa9diJOMk
        
           | crtasm wrote:
           | From loadsamoney to lots of money!
           | 
           | https://genius.com/Harry-enfield-loadsamoney-doin-up-the-
           | hou...
        
         | fleddr wrote:
         | It's brilliant but not simple at all. You can't just mint an
         | NFT, wash trade it up to a large number and then expect
         | somebody to buy it. This plan would almost always fail.
         | 
         | Because it would pop out of nowhere and nobody has ever heard
         | of you. So just like in the traditional art world, you need to
         | be visible and networked.
         | 
         | It's very educational to simply browse the big marketplaces.
         | You'll notice that the typical NFT gets zero offers. Almost all
         | trading happens within a tiny scope of hot projects.
        
           | spoiler wrote:
           | > Because it would pop out of nowhere and nobody has ever
           | heard of you.
           | 
           | Isn't that everything in the crypto space right now?
           | 
           | > So just like in the traditional art world, you need to be
           | visible and networked.
           | 
           | People who spend hundreds, if not thousands, on procgen
           | chimpanzee/monkey avatar NFTs would beg to differ.
        
             | fleddr wrote:
             | I mean known in the crypto community. Surely a random
             | person in the street has never heard of most crypto
             | celebrities, but that wasn't my point.
             | 
             | The monkey NFTs that you mention are a perfect example,
             | because they are the best known project after cryptopunks.
             | Massive media reach, real world celebrities and almost all
             | crypto influencers are in.
             | 
             | That's what I mean when I say they didn't come out of
             | nowhere. These high value NFT projects come from massive
             | marketing machines to create the hype. You as rando can't
             | just draw something and sell your NFT for a million, it
             | doesn't work that way.
        
               | spoiler wrote:
               | > I mean known in the crypto community. Surely a random
               | person in the street has never heard of most crypto
               | celebrities, but that wasn't my point.
               | 
               | It might be due to my misconceptions about the crypto
               | space then, but I always assumed people just kinda "pop
               | up" relatively often (even if we just constrain this to
               | within the crypto community). The whole crypto space
               | seems to be very very "fast moving" to me, if that makes
               | sense?
               | 
               | Back to the monkey avatar NFTs: I was under the
               | impression those also just popped up. There's obviously a
               | "ramp" towards reaching popularity in any community, but
               | that ramp seems to be short (within the crypto
               | community). Also, people will invest in any crypto-
               | game/nft for promise of future profits, regardless
               | whether they believe in the product/nft; they're going
               | for coverage. This is fine for people with cash to burn,
               | but there's more victims than heroes in the get-rich-fast
               | crypto rush. Or is this perception wrong (it might very
               | well be)?
        
               | fleddr wrote:
               | I had a deeper look into it, and it looks like you're
               | right, the apes actually are an example of overnight
               | success: https://www.rollingstone.com/culture/culture-
               | news/bayc-bored...
               | 
               | So it's a bad example from my side to explain what would
               | be a more planned launch, which may include a setup with
               | marketplaces to get it on the homepage, and the paying of
               | crypto influencers to shill the project.
               | 
               | Your perception on crypto gaming is correct. It's a hot
               | market right now where many believe we're at the very
               | beginning. Everybody wants to be early so they buy any
               | game-related shitcoin.
        
         | TrackerFF wrote:
         | Yes, it's been painfully obvious from the start. It was the
         | first thing I noticed, once looking into NFTs.
         | 
         | I'd be surprised, AMAZED actually, if some of the big NFT
         | collections aren't entrenched in wash trading, to pump up trade
         | volume and price.
         | 
         | In fact, I think that in order to successfully launch a NFT
         | collection today, you need to have either:
         | 
         | A) Substantial social capital.
         | 
         | B) Capital to do the wash trading, or investors to back you.
         | 
         | C) Probably both above.
        
           | prox wrote:
           | So basically if you are rich you become richer. Same old same
           | old.
        
           | shawabawa3 wrote:
           | I personally don't value nfts highly but I'm in a circle with
           | lots of rich crypto early adopters - they absolutely would
           | pay $100k for a bored ape and would consider it a bargain.
           | It's a real status symbol, just in a niche you don't
           | understand.
           | 
           | I feel the same way about $100k Patel Phillipe watches but I
           | don't hear everyone talking about how those are only wash
           | trades
           | 
           | The platforms where these nfts are sold usually charge 1-2%
           | commission which is expensive for a wash trade
        
             | TrackerFF wrote:
             | The main difference here is that those paying for a pointer
             | to the bored ape, are paying just that. Nothing more.
             | Anyone can copy that bored ape image, and use it as they
             | want.
             | 
             | If you pay $100k for a Patek, that's your watch. It's a
             | physical item - the only way someone's going to steal it,
             | is by physically stealing it from you.
             | 
             | Of course, one can argue up and down whether or why a Patek
             | is worth $100k. But IMO it's easier for the layman to argue
             | its worth - it's an item which probably took 12 months to
             | make, using the best materials, world-class craftmanship.
             | The bored ape was generated in microseconds.
             | 
             | If I had $100k to spend on whatever, I wouldn't spend it on
             | either of those. But if I was to guess what item will hold
             | its value 5,10,15 years down the line...I'd go for the
             | Patek, 100% of the time. The bored apes are digital beanie
             | babies for rich people.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | joering2 wrote:
               | > If I had $100k
               | 
               | Precisely. For a starters you already told us you don't
               | have type of "first comers crypto gains" like OP wrote
               | about. I know a person that has over 10,000 bitcoins from
               | early days, and he treat those as "fuck off coins". At
               | this level you don't look at it as "gee, whos gonna pay
               | $100k for some easy to copy pixels!", you look at it like
               | "oh shit Eminem just dropped $400k on some pixels, let me
               | use some of my fuck off coins to get on board - who knows
               | this thing can quadruple in 10 years. Or go to zero. In
               | both scenarios, whatever". Hardly people at this level
               | care about whether they lose money or not. The point is
               | to be a part of the "movement", to be part of the deal
               | that's going. Its adrenaline rush.
               | 
               | The point is, if it goes down to 0 they couldn't care
               | less. Its a fuck off coins to start with.
        
               | arcticbull wrote:
               | > The main difference here is that those paying for a
               | pointer to the bored ape, are paying just that. Nothing
               | more. Anyone can copy that bored ape image, and use it as
               | they want.
               | 
               | I hate NFTs, but this is actually not true in the case of
               | BAYC and a small handful of others. They assign full
               | rights to the token holder.
        
           | snowwrestler wrote:
           | You can buy social capital by wash trading the price of the
           | NFTs up to where they are interesting, then giving some to
           | folks with social capital.
           | 
           | Only you don't give them an actual NFT, you give them a
           | sponsor fee that they use to buy one of your NFTs (thereby
           | further validating the interesting price).
        
           | aqme28 wrote:
           | For A), some of the wash trading has been done with flash
           | loans. There are some well-documented cases. You don't need
           | much capital at all for that.
        
         | colinmhayes wrote:
         | This is also what makes NFTs great for money laundering. You
         | can use the money from the dirty wallet to make the wash sales,
         | increasing the value of your NFT while cleaning the money at
         | the same time.
        
           | landemva wrote:
           | How do you get lots of actual dirty cash into a dirty wallet?
        
             | colinmhayes wrote:
             | Take payments in crypto instead of cash.
        
               | landemva wrote:
               | That is crypto-to-crypto.
               | 
               | Your earlier comment said there are dirty wallets. How
               | does someone get dirty cash in to that dirty wallet? For
               | example, which bank allows deposit of dirty cash so the
               | bank account holder can then wire the funds to an
               | exchange?
        
         | belter wrote:
         | In a complex system, whose algorithmic essence is price
         | forgery, value randomness and pump and dump as a
         | strategy...Would argue that achieving maximum manipulation is
         | simply the algorithm optimizing for its "best".
        
         | latchkey wrote:
         | Any market with insufficient liquidity and an easy way to
         | trade, is ripe for this. I'm sure you could look at the price
         | history of all sorts of stuff on Ebay and Amazon and see many
         | many cases of this.
         | 
         | Imagine a seller buying their own products cheaply and giving
         | reviews. Then come back and raise the prices when the product
         | gets listed higher up in the search results.
         | 
         | I recently bought some KF94 masks on Amazon cause they were
         | crazy cheap. Came back a few days later and the price went from
         | $8->$25. A few days after that, the entire listing was gone.
        
         | joering2 wrote:
         | But shilling bid is illegal regardless of how you bid. While
         | crypto can be made harder to trace than fiat, the fact of the
         | matter is, someone have commited crime.
         | 
         | With millions of dollars flying on all sorts of NFT
         | exchanges/auctions [1], sooner or later some government will
         | crack a case and make it very public in a form of a warning to
         | others.
         | 
         | [1] https://nouns.wtf/
        
         | m3kw9 wrote:
         | This is the real world equivalent to high balling. It's just
         | that you have to assume every price is washed. This is the
         | actual offer price, not a real price. If you put in a lowball
         | offer I bet they'd eventually sell it to you. Exceptions are
         | famous sets like BAYC
        
         | masona wrote:
         | The fine art market has been doing this for decades by using
         | auction records to set prices.
        
           | spoiler wrote:
           | You can't buy and sell the same item to yourself at an
           | auction multiple times... Or am I missing the point you're
           | trying to make?
           | 
           | Also, the value is in the art, not the receipt. With NFT,
           | that's not the case... Unless it's an exchangeable NFT, like
           | one you can exchange for a service (e.g. as a tick) or some
           | goods, but that's not really how NFTs are being used.
        
             | Cthulhu_ wrote:
             | > You can't buy and sell the same item to yourself at an
             | auction multiple times
             | 
             | You don't have to; you get someone else to buy it, hold
             | onto it for a few years, then sell it again on a different
             | auction. It doesn't have to be short-term.
             | 
             | > Also, the value is in the art, not the receipt.
             | 
             | I would argue the value is not in the art in real life
             | either, that is, it's not the artwork itself, but the
             | 'object', its history, what people have paid for it in the
             | past and how it increased in value over time. The main
             | thing is that it has to be rare or one of a kind.
             | 
             | I mean more understandable is expensive, collectable
             | whiskeys. They make a limited batch, say 100 bottles, sell
             | it for $100 each. Ten years later, 90% of those bottles
             | have been opened and drank, another 10% of the remainder
             | was lost or broken, leaving you with nine bottles of a
             | once-and-never-again rare batch. Collectors will pay more
             | for it.
             | 
             | Anyway, NFT's, like cryptocurrencies, are investment
             | products whose value is determined entirely by whatever a
             | buyer pays for it.
        
               | gandalfian wrote:
               | Though whiskey doesn't age in the bottle making it a
               | weird investment in itself. The ten year old bottle I
               | bought twenty years ago now costs much more to buy it
               | again, is rarer but the whiskey is not better, it forever
               | stays at ten years old once out of the barrel.
        
               | DennisP wrote:
               | It's not completely nonsensical. The new whisky even from
               | the same distillery won't taste quite the same, due to
               | variations in climate and so on. The old and increasingly
               | rare one isn't trivially replaceable, so if has a
               | reputation of being especially good it can gain value.
               | Even more so when the original distillery isn't in
               | business anymore.
               | 
               | On top of that, the popularity of good whisky has
               | increased a lot over the past few decades, and the higher
               | age statements haven't been able to keep up.
        
               | yunohn wrote:
               | > It doesn't have to be short-term.
               | 
               | This is actually a really important nuance. NFTs/crypto
               | have a really short turnaround time - which means they
               | can run the scam much quicker and at massive scale.
        
             | DennisP wrote:
             | Plenty of high-end art investors never move the art from
             | the specialized vault where it was already stored. The only
             | change is a new entry in the public art registry. Seems
             | like the receipt is carrying a lot of the value in that
             | case.
        
               | spoiler wrote:
               | I wasn't aware of this. I guess that's a special way way
               | of appreciating art (assuming the art isn't somehow
               | volatile in "normal" conditions), if it's done out of
               | legitimate interests (i.e. not money laundering)
        
             | [deleted]
        
           | iechoz6H wrote:
           | I guess the main difference between the two markets is that
           | with fine art the object is genuinely rare/unique.
        
             | noneeeed wrote:
             | While that's true, in many ways huge chunks of the fine art
             | market exist purely as objects in warehouses, normally in
             | freeports such as those in Switzerland, that are simply
             | traded back and forth, often never seeing the light of day.
             | 
             | The art market is really weird in many ways. Both the
             | Freakonomics podcast and Malcome Gladwell's Revisionist
             | Histories have done episodes in the last year or so on the
             | market.
        
             | ASalazarMX wrote:
             | Banksy agrees and winks.
        
         | agilob wrote:
         | And if you don't have money you can borrow
         | https://mobile.twitter.com/Foone/status/1457749433844568066
        
       | fleddr wrote:
       | It's a good and fair article. Even without media manipulation,
       | there's a huge amount of futures trading on high leverage which
       | tends to pile up. Then, all that is needed is a fuse and
       | something spectacular will happen, either up or down.
       | 
       | The author could have picked from a series of other dates, where
       | seemingly relevant/important news to Bitcoin is revealed, and
       | somehow...price action does nothing on those dates.
       | 
       | Why not? Not enough leverage built up. So it's the nature of the
       | trading making price so volatile. A small event can trigger a
       | cascade of liquidations.
       | 
       | To a skeptic, this would be a reason to reject the asset. To a
       | long term holder, it doesn't matter as they don't trade. To short
       | term traders, it's the way to make a lot of money quickly, or to
       | blow up your account and lose it all.
        
       | JohnJamesRambo wrote:
       | They do it down too. It's not a secret or illegal. Here's a post
       | mortem from the guy that did it.
       | 
       | https://twitter.com/AlamedaTrabucco/status/14672197118301511...
       | 
       | Ready for a move up again soon.
        
         | noja wrote:
         | > It's not [...] illegal
         | 
         | Errr - what?
         | 
         | I think you'll find that market manipulation is prohibited in
         | the US under Section 9(a)(2) of the Securities Exchange Act of
         | 1934, and in the EU under article 12 of the Market Abuse
         | Regulation (etc.)
         | 
         | The US Securities Exchange Act defines market manipulation as
         | "transactions which create an artificial price or maintain an
         | artificial price for a tradable security".
         | 
         | See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Market_manipulation
        
           | kyruzic wrote:
           | You realize the world isn't beholden to stupid American laws
           | right?
        
           | TheDesolate0 wrote:
        
           | adrianN wrote:
           | Is Bitcoin already classified as a tradable security or is it
           | still Monopoly money?
        
             | teekert wrote:
             | People assign value to monopoly money now?
             | 
             | Edit: I get that many people here are ant-cryptocurrencies,
             | but I think it is rather childish to call it monopoly
             | money.
        
               | adrianN wrote:
               | Yeah, a replacement set costs about three Euros on
               | Amazon.
        
             | vmception wrote:
             | False dilemma
             | 
             | Products are regulated by the FTC
             | 
             | Commodities and currency _derivatives_ that are traded are
             | regulated by the CFTC
             | 
             | Securities issuance _and_ securities trading are regulated
             | by the SEC
             | 
             | so have fun with the federal trade commission rawr big
             | teeth over there /s
        
           | cma wrote:
           | It's not classified as a security.
        
           | noitsnot wrote:
           | This guy apparently runs a company that has millions and
           | takes advantage of inefficiencies. He's not creating the fake
           | articles but he's using what it creates to his advantage.
           | From what I understand, he will run the price down if there
           | is low liquidity and trigger your stop losses and somehow
           | make money doing it.
        
           | giansegato wrote:
           | they're based in Hong Kong so i'm not sure why US / EU
           | regulation should apply
        
             | VHRanger wrote:
             | Actually, Alameda is based in the Cayman Islands as a legal
             | entity
        
               | giansegato wrote:
               | so it's a branch, uh. i'll never wrap my head around the
               | complex corp structure of these crypto juggernauts
        
           | JohnJamesRambo wrote:
           | It's not a security, my friend. Crypto is the land of no
           | rules and caveat emptor.
        
             | SilasX wrote:
             | But Bitcoin options on e.g. LedgerX.com _are_ securities
             | (edit: regulated ones, that is), and anything that affects
             | Bitcoin's price is going to affect those derivatives'
             | prices.
        
               | ianai wrote:
               | Seems trading firms largely facilitate trading it btc and
               | other cryptos. If they're not legally regulated as
               | securities then it may be time for that regulation. Or
               | simply being disallowed for such trading firms.
        
               | SilasX wrote:
               | LedgerX (now FTX US derivatives) is regulated.
               | 
               | (Sorry, forgot to mention it in the first comment -- that
               | was the whole point of bringing it up in this context.)
        
               | vmception wrote:
               | They're regulated by the CFTC which also does not use the
               | Securities Act
               | 
               | The CFTC literally just got a fraud statute in 2010
               | 
               | They mostly follow their earlier mandate and the new
               | mandate doesn't alter it too much
               | 
               | Trying to apply it to spot assets just because a
               | derivative market is affected requires a huge stretch and
               | risk of getting the agency embarrassed and curb stomped
               | in the courts
        
               | vageli wrote:
               | > But Bitcoin options on e.g. LedgerX.com are securities
               | (edit: regulated ones, that is), and anything that
               | affects Bitcoin's price is going to affect those
               | derivatives' prices.
               | 
               | But the SEC doesn't regulate mortgages even though there
               | are derivative securities that are regulated. SEC
               | regulates the asset backed securities but not the assets
               | underlying those securities.
        
               | SilasX wrote:
               | The question was whether the SEC would have jurisdiction.
               | The manipulation affects securities that the SEC would
               | have jurisdiction over, so it would follow that they do.
               | 
               | If not, it would be a pretty gaping hole in their
               | mandate: "It's fine to manipulate X and profit from that,
               | but not to profit from the regulated derivatives that
               | closely track X."
        
         | ajross wrote:
         | That thread is just describing a long squeeze, which is an
         | mechanism, not manipulation. The allegations in the linked
         | article (against the same guy!) are quite a bit more detailed.
         | And they absolutely are illegal in real money trading on
         | licensed exchanges; whether they constitute crimes in the
         | crypto world is sort of an open question.
        
         | paulpauper wrote:
         | "Ready for a move up again soon."
         | 
         | does not look like it
        
       | mbesto wrote:
       | Curious - does anyone _not_ think Bitcoin or any other cypto coin
       | is being manipulated?
        
         | SuoDuanDao wrote:
         | I don't think it's being manipulated in only one direction,
         | does that count?
        
           | Cthulhu_ wrote:
           | It does, I think, and you make a good point; there's big
           | players who bet on it going down, there's big players that
           | bet on it going up. In a perfect world, their intents would
           | cancel each other out.
        
             | mbesto wrote:
             | PS - I'm an investor in a fund that trades on it both going
             | up and down (i.e. volatility).
        
         | DJBunnies wrote:
         | Does it matter either way?
        
         | recursive wrote:
         | Me. I don't have an opinion.
        
           | likecarter wrote:
           | Great analysis.
        
         | 2OEH8eoCRo0 wrote:
         | Is it illegal to manipulate crypto? If so, then how many people
         | have been prosecuted for manipulating crypto?
         | 
         | I think all of it is manipulated at a scale never before seen.
        
         | sosuke wrote:
         | I think that every and all markets are manipulated by groups
         | with money and power. Everyone wants to game the system to act
         | in their favor right? What would I want with more money? To
         | earn more money of course.
        
         | eric_cc wrote:
         | Fixed for you:
         | 
         | Curious - does anyone not think _all stocks, currencies, and
         | cryptos_ are being manipulated?
        
         | temp8964 wrote:
         | What coin is not being manipulated? Even USD is being
         | manipulated by the fed. All the countries manipulate their
         | coins.
         | 
         | So the real question is whether a coin is being manipulated,
         | but what kind of manipulation you can accept.
        
           | mbesto wrote:
           | First, let's start by using a valid comparable. Fiat currency
           | has the feature of "medium of exchange", at present BTC does
           | not (technically it does but its adoption for exchange is
           | abysmal).
           | 
           | > So the real question is whether a coin is being
           | manipulated, but what kind of manipulation you can accept.
           | 
           | The NYSE is a better comparable. In the US we have the SEC
           | which does regulate against market manipulation:
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Market_manipulation I do
           | believe there is some level of market manipulation not
           | captured by the SEC, however there is at least _some_
           | baseline level of control against it.
        
             | SilasX wrote:
             | >First, let's start by using a valid comparable. Fiat
             | currency has the feature of "medium of exchange", at
             | present BTC does not (technically it does but its adoption
             | for exchange is abysmal).
             | 
             | You're changing the topic. You asked whether BTC was being
             | manipulated, and were asked to compare to the US dollar.
             | Whether the dollar is as "medium of exchange" has no
             | bearing on that, you're just unhelpfully switching to an
             | unrelated issue that will make the dollar look better in
             | orthogonal ways.
        
               | mbesto wrote:
               | > and were asked to compare to the US dollar.
               | 
               | The original blog article was about the BTC/USD market
               | being manipulated; hence the title "Bitcoin price", in
               | which "price" assumes you are converting one currency to
               | another (in this case USD/BTC).
               | 
               | The person that replied to me asked "so what, every coin
               | is being manipulated". If anything the replier was
               | changing the topic. The assertion that the coin itself is
               | being manipulated is irrelevant and a red herring. In the
               | context of the US stock exchange the SEC defines
               | manipulation as "transactions which create an artificial
               | price or maintain an artificial price for a tradable
               | security". This concept isn't even a concept when it
               | comes to the value of the medium of exchange for a
               | currency, hence why I posited "why is this even
               | relevant"?
        
               | SilasX wrote:
               | You're claiming the dollar can't be manipulated and/or no
               | one is allowed to care about it, because one agency
               | doesn't have jurisdiction over said manipulation?
        
               | mbesto wrote:
               | No, I'm not claiming anything about a currency being
               | manipulated. I'm saying the idea that a currency in and
               | of itself is being manipulated is completely irrelevant
               | to this discussion. Currency manipulation, in the context
               | of the OP's discussion, implies one currencies relation
               | to another one, in this case USD and BTC.
               | 
               | Federal interest rates affecting the value of your dollar
               | making purchases for goods and services is completely
               | irrelevant.
        
               | notch656a wrote:
               | I knew when I bought crypto it was being manipulated. I
               | don't give a fuck, I use it as a medium of exchange
               | usually dumping it within a few minutes of buying it in
               | order to buy some goods online to avoid credit card fees
               | (precious metals).
               | 
               | It's true dollar is manipulated. It is true crypto is
               | manipulated. It is true many people such as myself purely
               | is it as a medium of exchange. Just like with dollars, I
               | dump it as quickly as possible to buy physical assets or
               | other investments, lest the government inflate my fiat or
               | manipulators manipulate my crypto.
               | 
               | In short, currencies are usually bad choice for store of
               | value. Fed intentionally destroys USD by target of 2% a
               | year to intentionally sabotage store of value.
               | 
               | Back to the point. Pretty much all coins are manipulated.
               | Even commodity money. Best to avoid regulation so
               | government's hand is out of the pot. Also I recommend
               | people not use crypto as investment, that is probably not
               | smart idea to consider long chain of cryptographic
               | signatures and hashes as a large portion of investment on
               | your future. Or piece of paper with a president and a
               | number on it on it either.
        
               | mbesto wrote:
               | > In short, currencies are usually bad choice for store
               | of value.
               | 
               | > Also I recommend people not use crypto as investment,
               | that is probably not smart idea to consider long chain of
               | cryptographic signatures and hashes as a large portion of
               | investment on your future.
               | 
               | Re-read what you wrote there again for me. How do you pay
               | for any goods or services if you:
               | 
               | > dump it as quickly as possible to buy physical assets
               | 
               | So, like cars that depreciate in value the second you buy
               | them? (note - I recognize the last 2 years this has not
               | been the case...but thats a historic anomaly) What other
               | physical assets are you aware of that consistently
               | outpace inflation? Housing? What else?
               | 
               | > or other investments
               | 
               | Like ones denominated in....US currency?
        
               | notch656a wrote:
               | I pay for goods and services with USD. I get USD either
               | by liquidating non-USD denominated asset for USD or from
               | income-stream (wages). I didn't say I don't use USD, I
               | said I hold it as short as possible just like with
               | crypto.
               | 
               | >So, like cars that depreciate in value the second you
               | buy them?
               | 
               | Generally worst example, although a few cars have held
               | their value (some Porsche, but I'm not good enough car
               | guy to execute this.)
               | 
               | >Like ones denominated in....US currency?
               | 
               | Like the ones not denominated in US currency, like stocks
               | denominated in shares.
        
               | preseinger wrote:
               | The definition of "manipulated" which allows "the dollar
               | and BTC are both being manipulated" to resolve as true is
               | so broad that it is effectively meaningless. The dollar
               | is not being manipulated in the way that reasonable
               | people understand the word to mean. BTC obviously is.
        
               | notch656a wrote:
               | No true [reasonable] Scotsman would believe monetary
               | policy by fed is manipulation. Got it; your definition of
               | unreasonable is so broad that it is effectively
               | meaningless.
        
               | preseinger wrote:
               | The Fed has a mandate to act in the broad interest of
               | society. It doesn't manipulate currency by any non-
               | conspiratorial definition of manipulate, no.
        
               | notch656a wrote:
               | Ah I see, it's not manipulation because you perceive the
               | fed as acting virtuously.
               | 
               | That's actually not the mandate of the fed.
               | 
               | The mandate is: The Board of Governors of the Federal
               | Reserve System and the Federal Open Market Committee
               | shall maintain long run growth of the monetary and credit
               | aggregates commensurate with the economy's long run
               | potential to increase production, so as to promote
               | effectively the goals of maximum employment, stable
               | prices, and moderate long-term interest rates.
               | 
               | Whether prices are currently stable or interest rates are
               | moderate are a lively source of discussion. Regardless of
               | opinion here, I think you have a generous definition of
               | manipulation to exclude acts operating under a nominal
               | mandate of some vague interest of society (and I may add
               | many other acts made under pretext of interest in society
               | are source of outrage on HN).
        
               | preseinger wrote:
               | I, an anonymous actor beholden to no authority nor
               | regulation, can manipulate Bitcoin _directly_ with
               | sufficient capital and a sufficiently intelligent bit of
               | code. It's fun and intellectually pointed to say this is
               | just a _version_ of the kind of "manipulation" performed
               | by the Fed against the dollar but it's transparently and
               | categorically a different thing. It's an obviously
               | specious argument and it diminishes whomever makes it.
        
               | notch656a wrote:
               | >I, an anonymous actor beholden to no authority nor
               | regulation, can manipulate Bitcoin
               | 
               | Yes yes we already agreed, I think, that bitcoin can be
               | manipulated. I admitted this right off the bat.
               | 
               | >It's fun and intellectually pointed to say this is just
               | a _version_ of the kind of "manipulation" performed by
               | the Fed against the dollar but it's transparently and
               | categorically a different thing. It's an obviously
               | specious argument and it diminishes whomever makes it.
               | 
               | So it diminishes no one, because I never said the
               | manipulation performed by the fed was the same 'version'
               | or 'kind' of manipulation -- whatever that means. Are you
               | just kind of arguing with yourself at this point?
        
         | ptero wrote:
         | Depends on what you mean by the manipulation. Many stock,
         | future, precious metal prices are affected by actors who want
         | to temporarily move it for profit. Some are illegal, some
         | perfectly legal.
         | 
         | In what way do you expect Bitcoin to be different? This is a
         | technical question, once you define it one could debate if this
         | particular behavior is present in BTC.
        
           | mbesto wrote:
           | > Depends on what you mean by the manipulation.
           | 
           | Fair point. I'll use the SEC's definition: "transactions
           | which create an artificial price or maintain an artificial
           | price for a tradable security". What the author described is
           | exactly this.
           | 
           | > Some are illegal, some perfectly legal.
           | 
           | Agree. My point is probably more about the _ease_ of
           | manipulation when you have a completely deregulated
           | environment.
        
             | ptero wrote:
             | With this definition my guess is there is likely to be some
             | manipulation. But as BTC is not regulated by the SEC I
             | personally do not see a major problem with it, either.
             | 
             | My guess is that most people that I know that buy BTC,
             | either directly or via some holding schema, do it for the
             | speculation and in this environment they should expect
             | other players to use any method available to them which is
             | not explicitly prohibited. I would treat it like a poker
             | game, where some action happens outside the strict
             | definition of the gameplay (reading facial expressions,
             | probing reactions, etc.). Just my 2c.
        
               | mbesto wrote:
               | > My guess is that most people that I know that buy BTC,
               | either directly or via some holding schema, do it for the
               | speculation
               | 
               | I think you're right. But then isn't it essentially just
               | a digital form a gold bar with less utility?
        
               | ptero wrote:
               | I think the vast majority of the people buying gold bars
               | (or their digital equivalents, like shares of physical
               | gold holding funds) do this to hedge a variety of life
               | risks and value a relatively low volatility.
               | 
               | Gold prices do fluctuate, but over the long term (decades
               | and centuries) an ounce of gold generally held its
               | inflation-adjusted value. I suspect buyers of gold would
               | see a lot of problems with BTC price swings and risks
               | that it would be outlawed or restricted in some unknown
               | ways.
        
       | mslupski1 wrote:
       | What else is new? Kudos for all the research, but I don't think
       | any reasonable person needs any proof that all crypto is ripe
       | with manipulators and scammers.
        
       | syntaxing wrote:
       | I don't have enough mathematical knowledge in this subject to
       | back this statement up but I swear I noticed this for SPACs too.
       | There's these really odd spikes up and down that does not make
       | any sense according to public information
        
       | pcurve wrote:
       | The "Bart" pattern had me in stitches because there has been
       | similar stock meme among Korean individual traders mocking
       | strange price actions and doing technical analysis using cartoon
       | characters to figure out the best entry/exit points.
       | 
       | https://m.blog.naver.com/kwonhs225/222201971395
       | 
       | Pretty hilarious.
        
       | somewhereoutth wrote:
       | Bitcoin (and friends) is essentially a pyramid (edit: ponzai)
       | scheme, where late entrants pay the 'returns' on early entrants -
       | but with a technology layer that precisely and and publicly
       | records each payin/payout.
       | 
       | In a way it is beautiful - the fraud is so transparent, and so
       | technologically guaranteed to be transparent, that it becomes
       | legitimised.
       | 
       | Almost as if robbing a bank would be ok if you made an
       | appointment beforehand.
        
         | errantmind wrote:
         | By that logic, any marketplace is a pyramid scheme because
         | later entrants always pay earlier entrants. A pyramid scheme
         | has a very particular definition, please look it up.
        
           | somewhereoutth wrote:
           | Sorry, I meant ponzai scheme.
           | 
           | Marketplaces are where things with inherent value are
           | exchanged. Crypto has _zero_ inherent value - it serves only
           | as a record of previous players in the scheme.
        
             | errantmind wrote:
             | Gatekeeping 'value' yields no insights. Value is whatever
             | people think it is and doesn't require any physical
             | connection to reality, nor any rational mechanism.
        
       | blunte wrote:
       | I've spent a lot of time, made a lot of manual trades, and lost a
       | lot of money on crypto futures in the last three months.
       | 
       | I've learned some things...
       | 
       | One is that the order books are virtually meaningless, at least
       | for humans. They change so rapidly, bulking or vanishing, that
       | you cannot gain any sense of what the market wants or is doing.
       | 
       | I've also seen strings of tiny trades, apparently strategically
       | timed with order book cancellations, causing big price changes on
       | almost no volume.
        
       | TheDesolate0 wrote:
        
       | iso1631 wrote:
       | Meh, it's more fun than gambling on the superbowl. Put $50 in,
       | and with the superbowl you get an hour of watching a game and
       | maybe come out with $100 or maybe come out with $0
       | 
       | With bitcoin you get to ride the highs and lows for years and
       | maybe come out with nothing, or maybe with $5000
        
       | wcchandler wrote:
       | That was a good read. Thanks!
       | 
       | I would've enjoyed the TL;DR (How market manipulation is done) at
       | the top to draw me into the actual mechanics behind how it
       | happens.
       | 
       | Now I want to make a bot to detect some of these patterns and
       | alert me on them.
        
       | StrangeClone wrote:
       | This is done in regular stock market too. Fake news, speculation,
       | etc are frequent. Ex: "X giant is acquiring Y" claims with no
       | data to back up. What's different in case of crypto?
        
         | VHRanger wrote:
         | Two things:
         | 
         | 1. Because crypto exchanges are also clearinghouses,
         | liquidations tend to cascade.
         | 
         | 2. It's much more blatant in the crypto markets. See the DRW
         | lawsuit linked in the article - the CFTC is aware that DRW is
         | doing similar things in the CME futures market, but the extent
         | to which it's done is smaller.
        
         | hnmullany wrote:
         | If it's significant enough, the SEC will knock on your door
         | when this happens in the regular market
        
           | jimmydorry wrote:
           | I'm not aware of any pundits, that get on the TV to push
           | agendas about stocks, getting in any trouble with the SEC.
           | I'm not sure if it's just because I have been looking closer
           | recently, or had more time WFH, but the blatant manipulation
           | on morning shows and financial segments is appalling.
           | 
           | Things like saying a given pharmaceutical is headed for zero
           | because their drug failed to get FDA approval, when actually
           | the company had just started their trial and not yet sought
           | approval.
           | 
           | Or pushing a stock then pretending to lose connection when
           | asked what the company does.
           | 
           | Or saying that a company pivoting to online retail will not
           | have the necessary skills and will be facilitating terrorists
           | (name dropping Al Kaida).
        
             | rowathay wrote:
             | Pardon my ignorance and/or naivete, but are these real
             | examples?
        
       | hestefisk wrote:
       | Very nice, detailed analysis. Thanks for sharing.
        
       | superkuh wrote:
       | No, this is the anatomy of an off-chain price manipulation of a
       | private futures market that exchanges something that is tradeable
       | for Bitcoin. It used to be funny but now it's just sad seeing
       | everyone confused about the difference between bitcoin and third
       | party markets. Only a vanishingly tiny fraction of this actually
       | has any representation on the bitcoin blockchain. It's like
       | buying stolen Tide detergent out of the back of a shady car in
       | the parking lot of the actual grocery store then complaining
       | about the grocer when you get home and it's watered down.
       | 
       | This is the normal finance people with their normal scams
       | manipulating private enties like Binance which are vagely
       | associated with Bitcoin. The finance people and the public at
       | large cannot see bitcoin as anything other than an investment and
       | that perception blinds them.
        
       | jokoon wrote:
       | I hope it's not going to be a long time before congress swiftly
       | enact regulating anything related to crypto currencies when
       | interacting with the dollar.
       | 
       | Although bitcoin might also be used to honeypot hackers through
       | bitcoin exchangers, so I don't know...
       | 
       | I'm even starting to believe insurance companies might work with
       | crypto folk and lobby government so that insurance companies keep
       | paying for ransomware.
        
       | benreesman wrote:
       | Eh 20-ish years ago the shit happening on Island and Archipelago
       | would blow most people's minds. Undocumented, conditional, non-
       | displayed order types. Routine wash trading. Shear-but-don't skin
       | multi-venue arbitrage. The ECNs were the Wild West. Smoke-filled
       | dark pools.
       | 
       | Island and Arca are NASDAQ and NYSE now.
       | 
       | But Ben, US equities have intrinsic value unlike this BTC
       | garbage! Well unless they pay no dividend, have dual-class share
       | structure, and IPO without a profitable quarter. What's a share
       | of SNAP entitle you to exactly? Ah right, you think someone will
       | buy it for more.
       | 
       | Crypto will have it's 2001-style GC cycle, the useful stuff will
       | stick around until Goldman owns it and the SEC makes a show of
       | regulating it, the tulip garbage will wash out leaving behind a
       | bunch of rich guys who are really annoying because they never
       | built anything, and we'll go back to arguing about programming
       | languages.
        
         | kaashif wrote:
         | > Well unless they pay no dividend, have dual-class share
         | structure, and IPO without a profitable quarter. What's a share
         | of SNAP entitle you to exactly? Ah right, you think someone
         | will buy it for more.
         | 
         | I think the idea would be like what happened to Apple: they
         | eventually grew so much, became so successful, accumulated huge
         | piles of cash bigger than they could possibly spend, that they
         | had to start paying a dividend.
         | 
         | And there is a difference between a company with an inherently
         | unprofitable business model, and a company that would be
         | profitable if they didn't spend so much on growth. Admittedly,
         | it is pretty hard to distinguish those sometimes, especially
         | with the endless rounds of Series D, E, F, G, H, I, etc funding
         | some startups are getting.
         | 
         | That is all speculative, but it's not unproductive beanie babie
         | trading. It is pretty close, especially when the only
         | rationalisation I can think of involves Apple paying dividends,
         | which they didn't do for decades, and Facebook and Google still
         | don't.
         | 
         | Even tulip selling is actually a real business, the tulip mania
         | wasn't as bad as crypto from the "real value" perspective, I
         | think.
        
           | sjtindell wrote:
           | Do you consider running a poker table a "real business"?
           | Assuming there were no addicts present, what about a casino?
           | Is that "real"?
        
             | jayd16 wrote:
             | Isn't a casino with no addicts just an arcade? I'm not sure
             | what your point is, though. The addicts are pretty
             | inextricable.
        
               | sjtindell wrote:
               | Perhaps let's just talk running a poker table. It's a
               | platform where people can play a zero sum game against
               | each other. To me, that's what cryptocurrency is. People
               | want to play these games. That, to me, is real value.
        
           | vitaflo wrote:
           | Don't forget share buybacks, which have become more popular
           | as of late. Dell being the prime example in the tech industry
           | by leveraged buyout and making it private.
        
           | selectodude wrote:
           | >I think the idea would be like what happened to Apple: they
           | eventually grew so much, became so successful, accumulated
           | huge piles of cash bigger than they could possibly spend,
           | that they had to start paying a dividend.
           | 
           | Not a great example, Apple paid out a quarterly dividend from
           | 1987 to 1995. They paid out a dividend in those years because
           | they were cashflow positive and that was just the thing you
           | did because the idea of "hypergrowth" wasn't a thing.
        
             | H8crilA wrote:
             | Not to mention they were GAAP profitable pre IPO, same as
             | Google, Facebook and Microsoft. Pull up the old S-1s if you
             | don't believe me.
        
           | solveit wrote:
           | > they eventually grew so much, became so successful,
           | accumulated huge piles of cash bigger than they could
           | possibly spend, that they had to start paying a dividend.
           | 
           | What mechanism forces this?
        
             | Panzer04 wrote:
             | Investors forcing the replacement of shareholder-unfriendly
             | management. US companies tend to be better at returning
             | cash to shareholders by buyback or dividend than many other
             | locations (probably half the reason Asian shares are often
             | cheap, they hold loads of useless money on the balance
             | sheet)
        
             | tedunangst wrote:
             | Billionaire activist investors.
        
             | H8crilA wrote:
             | Why do you think this needs to be "forced"? It's the
             | purpose of a company to produce income and leave profits
             | for the shareholders. The board of directors is chosen by
             | the shareholders for a reason.
        
         | dheera wrote:
         | > US equities have intrinsic value
         | 
         | Really? My impression is that many US equities in 2022 are more
         | like Reddit up/downvote scores than a reflection of intrinsic
         | value.
         | 
         | Which isn't a bad thing in my opinion, by the way.
        
           | cillian64 wrote:
           | I think of it like this. If you suddenly owned 100% of
           | Bitcoin, then you wouldn't actually have anything valuable -
           | nobody would buy it off you. If you suddenly owned 100% of
           | Tesla then you'd be able to extract a lot of value.
        
             | Tenoke wrote:
             | If I suddenly own 100% of Tesla the stock would crash. I'll
             | extract some value but it would be a pittance.
        
               | pierot wrote:
               | Real estate, employee talent, brand value, business
               | knowledge, .. You could do a whole lot with that.
        
               | jcranmer wrote:
               | You seem to ignore the fact that you would then have
               | access to 100% of the revenue that Tesla makes by selling
               | cars and other things.
               | 
               | (This in turn sort of guarantees a price floor for stocks
               | in public companies: the price of a stock shouldn't
               | really go below the net asset value of the company.)
        
               | Tenoke wrote:
               | I really doubt Tesla would survive very long in that
               | state. Stock will crash, public opinion will sour,
               | employees will quit etc. very quickly.
        
               | dheera wrote:
               | Why would public opinion matter if your company wasn't
               | public?
               | 
               | IMO it's a beautiful thing if your company can be aligned
               | 100% with customers and not some random idiots that want
               | participation in your company issues without even owning
               | a Tesla let alone an EV. No earnings reports, no SEC
               | wasting your time.
               | 
               | Only reason companies (unfortunately) need to go public
               | is the need for upfront capital or early-stage capital
               | that wants an exit.
        
               | Panzer04 wrote:
               | The second part is very significant. Many people want to
               | diversify their risk, and public companies allow that.
               | Rather own 10% each of 10 companies than 100% of one
               | risk-wise.
        
               | jcranmer wrote:
               | If you own literally all of the stock in Tesla... how
               | could the stock crash? There's no stock being traded for
               | its value to change.
               | 
               | Of note, there are examples in the past of companies
               | going private without falling apart--Dell is the most
               | notable example I can think of off the top of my head.
        
               | Tenoke wrote:
               | >If you own literally all of the stock in Tesla... how
               | could the stock crash? There's no stock being traded for
               | its value to change.
               | 
               | The price will plummet in the sense that nobody would bid
               | to buy it for anywhere as much as they would before the
               | event.
        
               | jcranmer wrote:
               | If nobody is bidding, there's no asks to cause the price
               | to go down. More likely, someone buying all of the stock
               | either a) intends to take it private, at which point
               | _there is no more stock anymore_ or b) intends to fold it
               | into another company, at which point _there is no more
               | stock anymore_. (Of course, the valuation would likely go
               | down anyways, because people usually pay a premium to buy
               | all of the stock.)
        
             | coderintherye wrote:
             | Sorry, but that's provably false, just look at all the
             | Bitcoin knockoffs that forked off the main chain and the
             | amount of money people put into them.
             | 
             | If someone managed to somehow own 100% of Bitcoin, it would
             | make it worth much less, but it would not make it without
             | value.
        
             | benreesman wrote:
             | I'll start the bidding at 1 USD to own all BTC. Anyone want
             | to go higher?
        
               | foxhill wrote:
               | hmm. it might be a bit more subtle than that - if you
               | were to own _all_ 21 million bitcoin (i.e, nothing can be
               | mined or otherwise created), it'd pose an existential
               | crisis for the currency. miners would have no reason to
               | mine, transactions on the small scale couldn't happen,
               | etc.
               | 
               | at the very least i expect other coins would pop up with
               | a different genesis block. or maybe some form of hard
               | fork (again, i might add).
               | 
               | owning them _all_ might be problematic. 99% might not be.
               | 
               | that said, i don't think it can be done for >100 years
               | yet..
        
               | dheera wrote:
               | Well, no, it's actually pretty simple, you could sell
               | half of it to jumpstart the ecosystem, and you still own
               | half of it.
        
               | foxhill wrote:
               | i'm talking about hoarding the entirety, specifically.
        
               | dheera wrote:
               | sure, 2 USD, bring it on
        
           | benreesman wrote:
           | I mean if they pay a dividend (and you believe it will
           | continue) you can do math that treats it like a bond coupon
           | and do a present-day valuation.
           | 
           | If they have attached voting rights you can get together with
           | other investors and vote yourself a bigger dividend (though
           | same goes for Uniswap v2), or a share buyback.
           | 
           | But yeah, mostly it's a Keynsian Beauty Contest.
        
           | fullshark wrote:
           | Firms used to give out dividends, that would make it easier
           | to claim it had intrinsic value (future cash flows
           | discounted). Now it appears the only intrinsic value is how
           | much another firm would pay to acquire the company and do X
           | with it.
        
             | ratsmack wrote:
             | There are plenty of companies that give dividends. I own
             | about a hundred different stocks and 99% of them are
             | dividend bearing to the tune of about $200K per year.
        
             | vitaflo wrote:
             | Share buybacks also create value and have been on the rise.
        
             | dheera wrote:
             | Dividends are worthless.
             | 
             | Stocks go down every time they give out dividends so you
             | never really make anything. And you will never beat
             | inflation with dividends.
             | 
             | Dividend investing is stuff of 1980's folklore. These days
             | it's all about modelling and executing on hype. We're
             | entering an era where hype _is_ intrinsic value. I 'm not
             | advocating for a world like that, but it's the world we
             | live in now whether we like it or not.
        
               | Liron wrote:
               | No... Your claims are typical of how people talk during
               | peak bubbles. It's very similar to how people talked
               | about buying any tech IPO stock in 1999, even when the
               | companies had hopeless business models. The way I expect
               | they'll get disproved is simply when the market cycle
               | turns. Right now there's a powerful illusion that asset
               | prices have become unmoored from expected returns, but at
               | some point macroeconomic conditions change and the demand
               | to liquidate the assets becomes significantly higher than
               | the demand to keep buying them at their previous prices.
               | Like if S&P P/E multiples begin a steady slide from 30 to
               | 15 due to less liquidity in the economy, everyone's stock
               | portfolio will feel like a bloodbath. In such an
               | environment, demand for all these crazy coins also dries
               | up and prices plummet (so much for being a "store of
               | value"), since there are no cashflows that reward the
               | purchasers and set a floor on the price; it's entirely -
               | as you say - a function of the current "hype" i.e. buy-
               | side demand level.
        
         | muttantt wrote:
         | So, I take it you missed out on Bitcoin?
        
         | majormajor wrote:
         | > What's a share of SNAP entitle you to exactly? Ah right, you
         | think someone will buy it for more.
         | 
         | Ultimately you think someone will pay more for a future share
         | of SNAP than of [OTHER THING] because you think SNAP's growth
         | story is better, business model is promising, blah blah blah.
         | 
         | We may be trading on the derivatives of the fundamentals, or
         | even the hope of future fundamentals, but even that's turning
         | back some as it's been harder to get a big huge IPO purely on
         | hope than it was in the recent history. Throw WeWork in against
         | Snap there, even. Gambling but against numbers that will
         | eventually be reconciled with performance with customers, not
         | just other gamblers. Though personally I'm certainly hoping
         | that some of that "eventually" starts to turn back into a
         | backlash against dual-class stocks.
         | 
         | The equities market is still ultimately betting that at some
         | point, the business results will keep the stock comparatively
         | more attractive.
         | 
         | There's vague talk about "the backbone of future banking
         | systems" or such for crypto as having similar fundamental
         | value, but I haven't been convinced. Particularly, I'm not
         | convinced today's big chains would be what the future would be
         | built on - why pay the huge transaction costs and help the
         | current crypto-rich get richer, instead of making purpose-built
         | chains for your future applications?
        
           | wallacoloo wrote:
           | > why pay the huge transaction costs and help the current
           | crypto-rich get richer, instead of making purpose-built
           | chains for your future applications?
           | 
           | the most convincing arguments i've heard for reusing an
           | existing chain is 1) easier access to users, 2) easier to
           | deploy and 3) if your application _needs_ decentralization, a
           | mature blockchain will be more secure (attacks like 51%
           | attacks have higher cost) and reliable (in the uptime sense)
           | than something you can deploy yourself.
           | 
           | > There's vague talk about "the backbone of future banking
           | systems" or such for crypto as having similar fundamental
           | value
           | 
           | another argument is that many cryptos are valuable because of
           | "regulatory arbitrage". bitcoin/monero/zcash are all easy
           | ways to (partially) shelter your money from tax and legal
           | regulations (hence why they are/were largely associated with
           | drugs).
        
         | SavantIdiot wrote:
         | All I want to know is: will the annoying guy at my gym who put
         | brags about putting all of his retirement into Bitcoin this
         | summer provide me with some decent schadenfreude at some point?
        
           | dmw_ng wrote:
           | Looming rate hikes combined with ever increasing correlation
           | of Bitcoin to equities suggests you may even get your day
           | this year.
        
             | notch656a wrote:
             | It's sad to see people genuinely wanting to watch others
             | lose wealth so they can relish in it.
        
               | yokoprime wrote:
               | Trying to spot the biggest fool is quite entertaining
        
               | eric_cc wrote:
               | What if the biggest fool is you? That would be quite the
               | karma.
        
               | mitchdoogle wrote:
               | It's always jealousy. People see someone they view as
               | "undeserving" doing better than themselves and react with
               | hatred.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | R0b0t1 wrote:
               | You're not wrong but there's plenty of contemptuous
               | cryptobros who got wealthy via luck and won't admit it.
        
               | eric_cc wrote:
               | How exactly is it luck to recognize the value in crypto
               | and buy a bunch? Because that's not exactly luck. That's
               | recognizing value and managing risk successfully.
               | 
               | It's true that some people just FOMO into anything going
               | up. But those types will end up losing all their "gains"
               | in due time anyways.
        
               | eric_cc wrote:
               | This. A lot of comments in here spewing hatred toward
               | crypto seem to come from a psychological defense
               | mechanism. People were wrong and decided not to move to
               | crypto and are now doubling down on that position to feel
               | better about their poor choices.
        
               | catillac wrote:
               | It doesn't seem obvious that people who didn't put money
               | into cryptocurrencies were wrong. Even if you happened to
               | through sheer luck buy low, sell high during one of the
               | pops, that doesn't mean everyone else was wrong any more
               | than saying someone else was wrong for not playing
               | roulette and selecting the right ending slot.
        
               | eric_cc wrote:
               | Your "buy low sell high" take is pretty short-sighted.
               | For many, it's a change in currency from fiat to digital.
               | You on-ramp in but you don't back out into fiat.
               | 
               | You're speaking about a subset of crypto traders that go
               | right back to fiat.
        
               | ForHackernews wrote:
               | I just want this environmental disaster to end.
               | 
               | If they'd just outlaw proof-of-work cryptocurrencies, I'd
               | shut up and you can continue gambling your proof-of-stake
               | digital chuck-e-cheese tokens to your heart's content.
               | 
               | But you're wasting more power than Argentina to do it. So
               | yes, I hate this garbage and want it to fail.
        
           | throwhauser wrote:
           | A watched pot never boils.
        
           | iso1631 wrote:
           | If he put it in in June when it was 31k, he'd have increased
           | it 30% now, double if he sold in November. Not too bad
        
             | Sanzig wrote:
             | And if he'd bought last March he'd be down 30%. Bitcoin
             | didn't have a stellar 2021.
        
           | benreesman wrote:
           | If I knew that I'd be trading it :)
           | 
           | But there's a fairly active BTC derivatives market (depending
           | on what passport you carry), so you could hedge against him
           | getting/staying rich by getting a little creative with long-
           | dated DOOM stuff.
           | 
           | Depends on how annoying he is I guess ;)
        
         | alecst wrote:
         | A counterpoint would be that what some call the intrinsic value
         | is the expected future share price based on expected future
         | revenues. There might or might not be future revenue for SNAP,
         | but there is no revenue for a digital currency.
         | 
         | But I do think digital currency has intrinsic value, in that
         | for now, it affords you anonymity to commit crimes in a way
         | that ordinary currency does not. I'm not happy about it, but
         | this is a form of value.
        
           | eric_cc wrote:
           | > it affords you anonymity
           | 
           | What? Bitcoin is radically transparent. The vast majority of
           | crimes are committed with standard currencies like $USD. If
           | 'crime' is the only value you see, you're extremely ignorant.
           | 
           | What is the bull case for $USD? What properties does it have
           | that make it superior to currencies like $BTC in your
           | opinion?
        
             | largbae wrote:
             | One thing fiat currencies have that is underrated: a legal
             | system to handle special cases. Recently, an apparently
             | Bitcoin-rich man named Mircea Propescu died without sharing
             | his private key(s). Now that fortune is gone with no
             | recourse for next of kin. Maybe this is OK and everyone is
             | happy to lose the safety net. But what about fraud? Do you
             | want to have to take up arms to get your money back from
             | someone who stole from you?
        
               | joering2 wrote:
               | For a starters, its not Bitcoin fault that someone did
               | not have last will, or did not include the keys or their
               | crypto in the last will.
               | 
               | Second, when some large heist in the past happened on the
               | chain, the largest exchanges announced they won't
               | exchange proceeds from these addresses. It may still not
               | be impossible to withdraw into fiat, but certainly it was
               | harder. Eventually, there will be more regulation from US
               | and other countries' bodies, some of it will benefit
               | crypto holders, some inconvenience them some more.
               | 
               | One example could be of a Government Body that oversees
               | crypto fraud. If you had some coin stolen and you are
               | able to prove they were yours and are unable to
               | communicate with the party who took your coins, these
               | assets can go into some form of public "coins on red
               | notice list", where government puts them there, and
               | exchanges can see the addresses and know not to accept or
               | exchange these assets. If someone tries to, exchange can
               | show them a notice information, instead of completing
               | transaction. Another list government can maintain is
               | "public call notice" (I'm just making these names up)
               | similar to how public hearings are made. In this
               | scenario, government can call up on an owner of some
               | specific questionable coins to explain transactions
               | behind. If no owner comes up in 30 days, these coins
               | could be again put on "red notice" list.
               | 
               | The bottom line is, since exchanges are regulated by
               | governments, the governments will surely regulate even
               | more. Ultimately because everything is transparent on a
               | block chain, certain coins can become "dirty" just like
               | money becomes tainted, and exchange or even possession of
               | these coins can be made unlawful.
        
               | acdha wrote:
               | > For a starters, its not Bitcoin fault that someone did
               | not have last will, or did not include the keys or their
               | crypto in the last will.
               | 
               | It's not Ford's fault that someone didn't drive safely,
               | and yet they're required to build cars with safety
               | features. Bitcoin's design ensures that these mistakes
               | happen regularly, and most users end up paying a "I can't
               | believe it's not a bank" exchange to hold their Bitcoin
               | for them due to the many irrecoverable risks if you do it
               | yourself.
        
               | 01acheru wrote:
               | Since we cannot have an ever growing amount of BTC, you
               | mean that in time more and more coins will be tainted?
               | Assuming that frauds and heists and all that are constant
               | but BTC generation is less than linear an ever growing
               | percentage of coins will be tainted.
               | 
               | Another thing: if someone steals money from me and I can
               | prove it, and law can find him, and trial him, etc. I
               | want the possibility to have my money back not some
               | "coins on red notice".
        
               | giaour wrote:
               | > For a starters, its not Bitcoin fault that someone did
               | not have last will, or did not include the keys or their
               | crypto in the last will.
               | 
               | Since we can assume that some people will die without
               | making arrangements to pass on their keys, then isn't it
               | guaranteed that a non-inflationary cryptocurrency like
               | BTC would eventually consist solely of lost, unreachable
               | coins?
        
               | largbae wrote:
               | I think what you're describing is a centralized body that
               | can use due process to resolve disputes. 4 legs good 2
               | legs better?
        
             | CaptainZapp wrote:
             | > What is the bull case for $USD? What properties does it
             | have that make it superior to currencies like $BTC in your
             | opinion?
             | 
             | That I can spend USD in just about any shop or for any
             | transaction, legal or not. While crypto "currencies"? I'd
             | say: not so much.
        
               | eric_cc wrote:
               | This is a short term advantage that is quickly
               | evaporating.
               | 
               | There are crypto credit cards now that allow you to
               | achieve the same effect.
               | 
               | Assuming this advantage disappears, are there any other
               | bull cases for $USD?
        
               | squeaky-clean wrote:
               | I don't want a currency with a bull case. That means it
               | discourages spending it in favor of holding it. I want a
               | currency with an extremely slow bear case.
               | 
               | Also my value of USD hasn't dropped 30% in the last
               | month.
        
               | felipeko wrote:
               | It is a good thing to be encouraged to saving instead of
               | spending.
               | 
               | No one needs incentive to spend. You will spend if you
               | have plenty to spend. Having a currency which gains in
               | value will take you there.
        
               | 01acheru wrote:
               | > You will spend if you have plenty to spend. Having a
               | currency which gains in value will take you there.
               | 
               | That's some pretty fanta-dreamy-economics. How can it
               | possibly be true for everybody? Money from heaven?
        
               | Daishiman wrote:
               | There is no modern economic argument to favor saving over
               | spending. What you're saying runs counter to pretty much
               | all economic theory from any ideological camp you could
               | think of.
        
               | fleddr wrote:
               | Economic theory has run this world into the ground in
               | just a single human lifetime. A system that maximizes
               | consumption is insane.
        
             | 01acheru wrote:
             | Maybe that you can buy bread with USD, or a house, or a
             | car, or pay rent, or insurance, or gas, a coke on a vending
             | machine, or stocks, or... well there are a lot of things
             | you can do with USD that you cannot do with BTC right now.
        
               | eric_cc wrote:
               | This advantage for $USD is already beginning to vanish.
               | Assuming it does, are there any other reasons to be
               | bullish $USD?
        
               | 01acheru wrote:
               | First of all I'm not seeing this advantage "beginning to
               | vanish".
               | 
               | Even assuming it completely disappears we still need to
               | solve:
               | 
               | - energy inefficiency of BTC
               | 
               | - extremely low number of transactions per unit of time
               | 
               | - a currency lacking the possibility of reversing
               | transfers is not compatible with most legal systems
               | 
               | - full traceability of my wallet transactions open to the
               | public
               | 
               | - volatility
               | 
               | And those are the first I can think of while paying
               | little attention because I'm watching a movie...
        
           | 10x-dev wrote:
           | How is digital currency, in general, anonymous? Bitcoin
           | records all of your transactions, publicly, essentially
           | forever.
           | 
           | If at any point in time there is a way to tie your identity
           | to _any_ of the transactions made in your lifetime, then all
           | of your other transactions get deanonymized retroactively.
           | Maybe you made a mistake, maybe a bug is introduced into the
           | Bitcoin software, maybe the government passes a new law, etc.
           | 
           | Cash doesn't have this issue. The bills I'm paying with when
           | buying coffee at Starbucks, don't give you visibility into
           | all of the purchases I've made with cash for the past 20
           | years.
           | 
           | The only exception would be crypto like Monero, but it's not
           | the rule. Bitcoin is the flagship coin which somehow got
           | people to think it's anonymous.
           | 
           | All it takes is for the government to require you to use the
           | same wallet that's tied to your identity and then every
           | citizen's transaction, past or future, is traceable to a
           | degree that is just not possible with cash. That's a
           | dangerous capability and we, the people, should make sure not
           | to slowly end up in such a situation.
        
             | stickfigure wrote:
             | The relationship between Bitcoin and Monero is symbiotic.
             | Bitcoin brings legitimacy and (for crypto) security. Hedge
             | funds, corporations, and other big money can hold bitcoin.
             | Yet it's easy enough to convert between BTC and XMR, so
             | they are effectively fungible.
        
               | chollida1 wrote:
               | > Yet it's easy enough to convert between BTC and XMR, so
               | they are effectively fungible.
               | 
               | That's not what we mean in finance when we say fungible.
               | 
               | https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/fungibility.asp
        
             | dougk16 wrote:
             | Look into privacy coins like Monero.
        
             | jrm4 wrote:
             | Right. I mean, basically you're as safe as your public-
             | key/username. If you can make your wallet in some kind of
             | very off grid way, the same way you'd have to use Tor; cash
             | laptop, McDonald's wifi, etc.
        
           | fleddr wrote:
           | Cash is used for more crime than crypto. London city pretty
           | much is the epicenter of money laundering and financial
           | crime.
        
           | lvs wrote:
           | > there is no revenue for a digital currency.
           | 
           | These debates get rehashed ad nauseum, but of course the same
           | could be said of the USD, GBP, etc.. Currencies are exchanged
           | to meet debt, contract, or tax obligations denominated in a
           | particular currency. Trade is the common mode by which a
           | currency has to be exchanged. For instance, if an American
           | company buys British goods denominated in GBP, it will either
           | exchange USD for GBP to close the transaction or borrow GBP
           | that it must similarly pay back in GBP. The net result in
           | either case is that it buys GBP and sells USD. If the UK
           | government levies a duty/tax on the transaction, that too
           | generates a demand for GBP requiring an exchange.
           | 
           | Now it is of course somewhat unclear whether a significant
           | economy exists in crypto that generates debts/taxes
           | denominated in crypto that would create a steady/cyclical
           | demand for crypto. It requires either that some productive
           | center of the economy is demanding payment in crypto, or that
           | governments are demanding tax payments in crypto, or both. If
           | either is simply willing to accept multiple possible
           | currencies, then demand flows through the most favorable
           | path. Perhaps a modicum of anonymity is part of this
           | calculus, but costs, difficulty, and risks also probably play
           | a role.
           | 
           | My point is that the economic analysis of your claims is more
           | complicated. Buying currency serves a classical finance
           | purpose that is unrelated to your analysis of equities. I
           | think the climate and regulatory consequences of crypto are
           | very serious, but I generally agree with those who say the
           | credit/payments industry is predominantly parasitic. But
           | those who say that no mechanism should exist to control the
           | money supply based on economic conditions are just charlatans
           | and simpletons and should be ignored.
        
           | benreesman wrote:
           | FTX claims they buyback FTT based on financial results. Their
           | business model has more historical precedent than e.g. Uber's
           | (and is arguably less legally grey).
           | 
           | What difference am I missing?
        
           | md_ wrote:
           | > A counterpoint would be that what some call the intrinsic
           | value is the expected future share price based on expected
           | future revenues.
           | 
           | Sure, but plenty of tech companies have never paid dividends
           | and never will. FB's shareholders would have legal claim to a
           | portion of: a) a buyout (but nobody could afford to take FB
           | private), b) a liquidation (so, you're buying in in case FB
           | goes bankrupt), or c) future dividends (but FB's boy-king
           | privileged stockholder doesn't want to pay dividends)...
           | 
           | Which I think was Ben's point.
        
           | upsidesinclude wrote:
           | Right, because cash has never afforded anonymity... always
           | good enough for the government agencies. This is an entirely
           | boring and tired trope. How about the simple ability to
           | transfer value across international borders, free of
           | extraneous % fees imposed by unnecessary middlemen? That
           | alone is enough of a use case to justify adoption. Banks have
           | reaped rewards unearned for long enough. Those capable and
           | responsible enough to manage their affairs can do so
        
             | 01acheru wrote:
             | Uhm... there is something called law in most of the world
             | which kind of regulate how and why you can or cannot send
             | money across international borders, I will never understand
             | that "crypto let us do it better than banks".
             | 
             | You can send 10BTC to me, you're from Azerbaijan and I'm
             | from France, all cool and nice until I want to cash out on
             | that 10BTC... do you think I can receive 380k EUR on my
             | bank without some government agency knocking on my door and
             | accusing me of money laundering, asking me where this money
             | comes from, asking me to pay taxes on it?
             | 
             | If you are forbidden by law from sending money from A to B
             | you cannot send it, either because you cannot send from A,
             | you cannot receive in B, a mix of the two or whatever. You
             | can send me crypto but since I cannot buy food with crypto
             | I need to cash out sooner or later so that's end game.
             | 
             | If you can send money from A to B it's way cheaper and more
             | secure to send it using our current banking system. And BTW
             | you pay a fee to turn money into crypto, in many cases you
             | pay a fee to send crypto and lastly you pay another fee to
             | turn that crypto back into money, sending crypto is not
             | _free_.
        
             | jayd16 wrote:
             | That's just tax evasion and/or smuggling.
        
           | shawabawa3 wrote:
           | > but there is no revenue for a digital currency
           | 
           | Isn't there? Ethereum kind of has revenue in that transaction
           | fees for smart contract execution are burned (effectively a
           | stock buyback)
           | 
           | It has around ~$19B in revenue extrapolated at the current
           | rate (although it's issuing more than $20B a year for now,
           | planning to reduce issuance some time later this year)
        
             | pakitan wrote:
             | That's like MSFT issuing MicrosoftDollars to pay their
             | dividents.
        
               | chollida1 wrote:
               | Its not uncommon to pay dividends in comapany stock.
        
               | DennisP wrote:
               | People spend fiat to buy ETH for transaction fees. Value
               | is value. If the value of the transaction were less than
               | the fee, they wouldn't transact.
        
               | benreesman wrote:
               | The MicrosoftDollars they issue to pay their employees
               | seem to be getting them some talent!
        
               | pakitan wrote:
               | Well, great then, they just need to apply the same
               | strategy for their shareholders!
        
               | landemva wrote:
               | Crypto has this as a governance DAO with voting via the
               | governance (sort of ownership) tokens. Lots of innovation
               | happening.
        
           | [deleted]
        
         | lvl100 wrote:
         | This has to be one of the best comments I've read on HN.
        
         | wyre wrote:
         | What is the reference to Island and Archipelago? I'm not
         | familiar and my DDG skills aren't helping.
        
           | reubenmorais wrote:
           | https://www.investopedia.com/terms/a/archipelago.asp (also
           | talks about Island)
        
         | arberx wrote:
         | This comment is gold
        
         | tyrfing wrote:
         | With crypto these days alpha is still very easy since it's a
         | small backwater. Microstructure is all complete bullshit (and
         | has been as long as these markets existed), and leverage is
         | basically unlimited. A huge sell order is more likely to
         | indicate buying than selling, for example. At least liquidation
         | cascades don't literally hit 0 like they have in the past,
         | which is an improvement.
         | 
         | There are also all sorts of unpublished arrangements like
         | colocating servers for privileged partners; you will _never_
         | trade into an order they don't want you to when you have 5ms
         | latency and they have microseconds.
         | 
         | On the one hand, people have never really understood just how
         | dirty it is. On the other, most of that is now just the long
         | flat line on the chart...
        
           | benreesman wrote:
           | Haha, Alameda or Wintermute? :)
        
           | syntheweave wrote:
           | When I got into crypto back in 2013 I resolved myself to
           | long-term holds with self-custody(before HODL was even a
           | meme) precisely because I had seen how bad things got in pink
           | sheet trading a few years prior and had the losses to prove
           | it - I already had no faith in regulated markets, therefore I
           | knew it was only going to be more blatant in crypto.
           | 
           | But if I held over the long term and carefully looked for the
           | macro picture, I would sidestep manipulation, because it's
           | ultimately the product of people sitting in front of a
           | whiteboard trying to make their play happen within the span
           | of the next business quarter, whereas my bet is on crypto as
           | an asset class.
           | 
           | The plan has worked reasonably well; it's had huge ups and
           | equally huge downs, so I have not quite "won" yet, but I have
           | definitely not lost.
        
         | choppaface wrote:
         | > US equities have intrinsic value unlike this BTC garbage!
         | 
         | One major difference is the US Gov & public (e.g. pension
         | funds) have much more leverage for holding US equities liable
         | vs holding crypto liable in a Financial-Crisis-type leverage
         | implosion. While I agree with the suggested notion of "common
         | stocks have no real intrinsic value," when it boils down to
         | opportunity cost, the retail shareholder has probably one to
         | two orders of magnitude less downside in common stocks versus
         | crypto. Unless the U.S. ends up bailing out crypto ... (in
         | exchange for catching tax evasion?)
        
         | guiomie wrote:
         | Tulip garbage? Tulip Mania lasted like 6 months, Bitcoin has
         | been running for over 13 years. Don't get me wrong tho, I do
         | agree anything not being Bitcoin is garbage.
        
           | StreamBright wrote:
           | I think the reference is about the phenomenon not the actual
           | comparison between BTC and tulip.
        
           | benreesman wrote:
           | Oh I'm not opining on this or that coin being tulips. A lot
           | of it is by volume.
        
         | wpietri wrote:
         | I truly appreciate your experience and cynicism here. People
         | who haven't worked in financial markets have a hard time
         | appreciating how deep the muck can get. Which makes them
         | especially valuable suckers for the unregulated markets.
        
           | ckastner wrote:
           | > _People who haven 't worked in financial markets have a
           | hard time appreciating how deep the muck can get._
           | 
           | That's the main reason why I find the battle cry of
           | "decentralization" so comically ironic. No government can
           | control crypto, how awesome and empowering!
           | 
           | When the truth is that the vast amount of control that we've
           | seen develop in the past century (and especially in the past
           | two decades) were just to protect people from said muck.
           | 
           | [Edit] Or, as a practical comparison, think of the act of
           | raising money from investors.
           | 
           | Centralized: Please file a detailed report with the relevant
           | authority in which you list, among other things, all possible
           | risks and challenges that you foresee and how this could harm
           | investors.
           | 
           | Decentralized: LOL YOU APES, DIAMOND HANDS TO THE MOON!
        
             | beloch wrote:
             | When half of the people responsible for regulating markets
             | are, instead, using insider knowledge to make a killing at
             | day-trading, it's hard to trust the system.
             | 
             | So, the natural response is to build a new system that can
             | be made to dance on strings by people you don't even know
             | the identities of.
             | 
             | It doesn't exactly seem like progress, does it?
        
             | anonymoushn wrote:
             | It's really great that people who don't have tens of
             | millions of dollars to burn can't access L2 market data. It
             | does a lot to promote fair and efficient markets.
        
             | eric_cc wrote:
             | > the truth is that the vast amount of control that we've
             | seen develop in the past century (and especially in the
             | past two decades) were just to protect people from said
             | muck.
             | 
             | Think of the children!
             | 
             | Do you really believe the vast amount of centralized
             | control is to protect the poor stupid people? I think this
             | is an incredibly naive and gullible take. The vast amount
             | of controls in place are to solidify power amongst the
             | powerful.
        
               | wpietri wrote:
               | Two things can be true at the same time. Power systems do
               | tend to work for the powerful. But that doesn't mean they
               | can't also be valuable to everybody. Or even valuable to
               | the average person much more than the powerful person.
               | 
               | Look, for example, at food regulation. Anybody who has
               | worked in a restaurant can tell you a) how important food
               | safety is, and b) how much health department regulations
               | contribute to keeping them effective. That's good for
               | almost everybody, but it's most valuable to those who buy
               | food from low-end restaurants, where the incentive to
               | cheat is strongest and where the clientele is low on
               | political power.
        
               | freedomben wrote:
               | It seems pretty hard to me to look at charts of
               | inflation, income inequality, and quantitative easing and
               | compare them to stock market values and not see how the
               | system is allowing the rich and powerful to use inflation
               | to suck money away from everyone not heavily in the
               | market (especially the poor as inflation is a highly
               | regressive tax) and into their own pockets through
               | increases in valuation.
               | 
               | And then look at the barriers that regulation throws
               | against the average person to keep them from the most
               | lucrative investments (like required accreditation) and
               | protecting the people stops feeling like a primary (or
               | even tertiary) goal.
               | 
               | I don't doubt that initial push for regulation was at
               | least in part to protect people from the sharks, but it
               | sure doesn't seem like that's the driving motivation
               | anymore.
        
               | mtremsal wrote:
               | > inflation is a highly regressive tax
               | 
               | Is it? I think a takeaway from Piketty's book was that
               | inflation was one of the rare factors that slowed down or
               | reversed wealth inequality. Intuitively it would make
               | sense that people drowning in debt benefit from
               | (moderate) inflation, especially if low wages get bumped
               | in the process.
        
               | freedomben wrote:
               | Yes that's a great point, as long as debt interest rates
               | are fixed, inflation is good for people in debt. It's
               | especially great for most home owners, but home ownership
               | is largely a middle-class luxury.
               | 
               | But that said a lot of the really bad debt that poor
               | people have is variable rate anyway (and usually
               | outrageous) like credit cards, payday loans, etc.
               | 
               | Re wages: they tend to be sticky. Wages will get bumped
               | up but it's almost always after the fact as a result of
               | government reported inflation rates. So people have been
               | feeling the inflation for a while by the time wages
               | "catch up." And the government inflation rates are
               | notoriously underestimates so in reality wages tend to
               | stagnate and "drop" (they are the same number but buying
               | power has dropped) until market pressures force them to
               | rise.
               | 
               | It would definitely be interesting to hear about past
               | examples where income inequality improved under
               | inflation. In Weimar and Venezuela that doesn't seem to
               | have happened. The poor there end up starving and using
               | leaves for toilet paper. The really wealthy have access
               | to international investing so they're protecting against
               | inflation.
        
               | nightski wrote:
               | It might make your debt cheaper but if you can't afford
               | food & housing at your current wage then it doesn't
               | really matter.
        
               | Ekaros wrote:
               | And if you think really. The poor who live from hand-to-
               | mouth, do they really care about inflation as long as
               | wages keep going up with it. It is not like they even aim
               | to save anything. So prices going up if also their wages
               | do have really net zero effect for them.
        
               | BLKNSLVR wrote:
               | When do wages ever keep up with inflation? Wages are
               | equivalent to a lagging indicator.
        
               | sorry_outta_gas wrote:
               | > It seems pretty hard to me to look at charts of
               | inflation, income inequality, and quantitative easing and
               | compare them to stock market values
               | 
               | You should have seen what the altanartive charts looked
               | like.
        
               | wpietri wrote:
               | > look at the barriers that regulation throws against the
               | average person to keep them from the most lucrative
               | investments (like required accreditation)
               | 
               | If anything, the accredited investor standard is proof
               | that regulation doesn't favor the powerful. Taken as a
               | whole, those aren't the most lucrative investments.
               | They're the riskiest. The whole theory behind it is that
               | if somebody is rich enough we won't try to protect them
               | as much from scams; they're presumed to be sufficiently
               | sophisticated and well resourced that it's their own
               | problem.
               | 
               | I agree inflation is a problem, but you can't use that to
               | prove much about the regulatory system, because a)
               | inflation was low and stable for a long time, only
               | increasing due to pandemic-driven disruptions, b) the
               | wealthy are the ones yelling the loudest about pinching
               | off inflation pronto, and c) the classic way to stop an
               | inflationary surge is performative "austerity", which is
               | much more disruptive to the poor than to the rich.
        
               | freedomben wrote:
               | > _Taken as a whole, those aren 't the most lucrative
               | investments. They're the riskiest._
               | 
               | I'm not an accredited investor but I did mountains of
               | research on it years ago, and most of the time risk does
               | correlate with reward. Also most of the most lucrative
               | investments where people can get really rich are startup
               | investments, which are off limits to most people who
               | aren't already rich. There is definitely a ton of risk in
               | startups, but also so much reward.
               | 
               | I think a better system for protecting people would be
               | education/certification based. If the person truly
               | understands the risk, they shouldn't be stopped by the
               | government from investing IMHO.
               | 
               | I think the reason many of the richest people want
               | inflation to stop is because it forces them into riskier
               | investments in order to stay ahead of inflation. They
               | care a great deal about maintaining wealth and high
               | inflation erases a big class of "safer" investments from
               | their list of options.
        
               | wpietri wrote:
               | Risk correlates with reward, sure. On a very general
               | basis. But there are a ton of specific exceptions to
               | that.
               | 
               | There's plenty of reason to think that opportunities to
               | "get really rich" offered to unsophisticated people
               | without a lot of money will be a big exception.
               | 
               | Just think of it from a startup's point of view. Would
               | you want to take a lot of small checks from people who
               | don't know what they're doing and for whom it's a major
               | portion of their assets? I wouldn't, because it's always
               | a bad idea for people to gamble what they can't afford to
               | lose. I'd feel bad taking their money for something I
               | know has a small chance of success. And just as a
               | practical matter it's low return on effort.
               | 
               | The people who are most eager to take money like that?
               | Idiots, goofs, and fraudsters who cannot get money from
               | serious investors who know better.
               | 
               | In any case, the accredited-investor system already has
               | certification-based exceptions:
               | https://www.investor.gov/introduction-investing/general-
               | reso...
        
               | tablespoon wrote:
               | > ...the system is allowing the rich and powerful to use
               | inflation to suck money away from everyone not heavily in
               | the market (especially the poor as inflation is a highly
               | regressive tax) and into their own pockets through
               | increases in valuation.
               | 
               | It's not that simple. You're talking like poor people are
               | debt-free and keep jealously-guarded meager savings in
               | cash. However, chances are they have far more debt than
               | assets and no savings whatsoever, so inflation doesn't
               | hurt them (so long as their wages keep up) and may even
               | _help_ them.
               | 
               | I'm not sure if this actually applies to you, but your
               | comment reads a bit like cherry-picking in the name of
               | some ideological fixation (e.g. crypto/gold bug
               | opposition to the idea of inflation. leading to attempts
               | to paint inflation as the worst thing ever).
        
               | aeturnum wrote:
               | I think the gullible take is to imagine that the wealthy
               | and powerful maximize their gains in an unstable system.
               | They don't care about stupid people, but they care about
               | the instability that comes with people getting taken in
               | by scams or bad deals.
               | 
               | People who are currently at the top of a power structure
               | have an interest in stability. One way of doing that is
               | allowing people further down the power structure to
               | profit in a limited way from the system. This both won't
               | change anyone's relative position, and is a genuine
               | improvement for all parties.
               | 
               | My other critique of "rules are about protecting the
               | rich" is that the counter-factual of no rules does hurt
               | the rich, but it hurts everyone else as well. It just
               | doesn't seem true that striking down rules against
               | manipulating markets is helpful to the non-rich, so it
               | feels like cutting off your nose to spite your face.
        
             | benreesman wrote:
             | You have a lot more faith in the IPO underwriting process
             | than I do. They don't call it a "pop" for nothing.
        
               | ckastner wrote:
               | Not at all. I'm just saying that the other process is
               | much, much worse than that.
        
               | ravar wrote:
               | thats like, your opinion bro. In all seriousness I am ok
               | with crypto punishing gamblers, eventually people will
               | learn to stay away from it, or be forced to stay away
               | from it because they have nothing left to gamble. I don't
               | see how this is more morally repugnant than casinos which
               | are legally accessible in most of the US.
        
               | skrebbel wrote:
               | Yeah and after all, the world's poker chip factories
               | consume the same amount of energy as Argentina so it's an
               | apt comparison.
        
               | Tenoke wrote:
               | This seems sarcastic but the amount of resources that has
               | went into building all casinos, casino sites, and
               | everything related to the industry dwarfs the amount of
               | resources that have went into bitcoin by a lot.
               | 
               | If it seems otherwise it might be because you see
               | articles on Bitcoin's energy consumption all the time,
               | and not as much about casinos.
        
               | wpietri wrote:
               | I look forward to seeing your math on that. But for a
               | fair comparison you can't just look at "casinos to date"
               | and "Bitcoin to date". After all, as Bitcoin proponents
               | never tire of telling us, this is supposedly the early
               | days.
        
               | Tenoke wrote:
               | Some of the most expensive casinos (just the building) to
               | build are:
               | 
               | Venetian Macau - $2.4 billion, Wynn Las Vegas - $2.7
               | billion, Resorts World Sentosa - $4.53 billion, Marina
               | Bay Sands - $5.36 billion, CityCenter Las Vegas - $9
               | billion.
               | 
               | That already likely costs more than the combined
               | electricity used by Bitcoin so far, if it doesn't you can
               | easily reach trillions by combining the costs of just
               | Casino buildings. Money roughly translates into
               | resources, so I can't see a way in which the gambling
               | industry hasn't consumed much more than Bitcoin as of
               | right now. Maybe in a century if Bitcoin keeps going
               | really strong it can start to catch up.
               | 
               | 0. https://casino.partycasino.com/en/blog/the-most-
               | expensive-ca...
        
               | wpietri wrote:
               | Comparing the cost to build a casino with the raw
               | electricity cost of Bitcoin is not so much an apple-to-
               | oranges comparison as apples-to-tire-rims.
               | 
               | But if your point is that Bitcoin is basically a big
               | casino, I agree. And I think we should regulate it like
               | one.
        
               | joshuamorton wrote:
               | > you can easily reach trillions by combining the costs
               | of just Casino buildings.
               | 
               | I have my doubts about this.
               | 
               | BTC energy cost was in the realm of 10 billion/year this
               | year, and increasing quickly year over year. That's from
               | around 150 TW hours, or around 5x Nevada's consumption.
               | 
               | The hash rate this year averaged around 140 million
               | THash/sec. It appears that efficient equipment costs
               | about 10k per 100THash/sec. So you're looking at another
               | 14 billion in currently running hardware, conservatively,
               | not to mention the price of the buildings those Asics
               | need to be put in.
               | 
               | There's another big flaw here, which is that cost isn't
               | just reflective of consumption but of demand. The same
               | hotel building on the Vegas strip is a lot more expensive
               | than if you built it in rural Idaho, and BTC has the
               | advantage of being able to use the cheapest land and
               | electricity.
        
               | jayd16 wrote:
               | >punishing gamblers, eventually people will learn to stay
               | away from it
               | 
               | Just like casinos?
        
               | wpietri wrote:
               | It's more morally repugnant because it's much less
               | transparent. Casinos are exploitative misery factories
               | and I'd be happy to see them vanish forever. But they're
               | at least carefully regulated to exploit people at an
               | agreed-upon level and with all the rules known
               | beforehand.
        
               | ravar wrote:
               | Personally I am ok with both crypto and Casinos existing,
               | just because some people are stupid doesn't mean i should
               | have my freedoms restricted. Stupid Should Hurt.
               | 
               | As an aside crypto has the potential to change the world
               | for the better if it ever becomes used as a real
               | currency. I think the people that stand to lose in that
               | situation love spreading FUD about crypto. However it is
               | probably not bitcoin that is going to become that imho,
               | but rather some POS coin.
        
               | Ekaros wrote:
               | If I play slot machines I know I lose money. But at least
               | I know the return isn't absolutely horrible. Usually
               | around 90%... Same applies to many casino games if played
               | sensibly.
               | 
               | The lotteries and scratch tickets are the truly horrible
               | crap. Return is absolutely abysmal with them...
        
               | kkjjkgjjgg wrote:
               | It's a fundamental question wether people should be
               | allowed to take on risks or not.
               | 
               | If you are leaning towards the "no they should not" side,
               | then consider that doing a startup is also very risky. So
               | maybe that should be illegal, too? Or at least, there
               | should be government startup specialists that evaluate
               | ideas and decide wether people should be allowed to
               | create such startups?
               | 
               | Or should there be an elite of people who would be
               | allowed to create startups, and the poor people (can't
               | afford the risk) should be restricted to union jobs?
        
               | arcticbull wrote:
               | Companies are free to direct list without underwriters
               | and even issue new shares in the process.
               | 
               | I'm not sure what a "pop" (the idea that prices often go
               | up on listing) has to do with anything. It generally
               | means that the company underpriced its equity but by no
               | means does this always happen.
               | 
               | Are you referring to a greenshoe? There's some
               | misinformation there too, but it serves a purpose, too.
               | [1]
               | 
               | [1] https://www.investopedia.com/articles/optioninvestor/
               | 08/gree...
        
               | fragmede wrote:
               | perfect is the enemy of the good. it's not an infallible
               | process, but some checking is better than zero
        
           | cobertos wrote:
           | Still remember going to a crypto meetup and met an older guy
           | who worked at Arthur Andersen (auditor of Enron). Told me
           | "you know what those Oak Doors stand for right? Your
           | financial secrets never leave the firm."
           | 
           | Was blown away
        
         | bogomipz wrote:
         | Might you or someone else explain what these things and how
         | they are used/exploited?
         | 
         | > Undocumented, conditional, non-displayed order types. Routine
         | wash trading. Shear-but-don't skin multi-venue arbitrage.
        
         | nathanvanfleet wrote:
         | Haha, we might all die on this tired exploited rock from heat
         | death before that
        
         | arcticbull wrote:
         | > But Ben, US equities have intrinsic value unlike this BTC
         | garbage! Well unless they pay no dividend, have dual-class
         | share structure, and IPO without a profitable quarter. What's a
         | share of SNAP entitle you to exactly? Ah right, you think
         | someone will buy it for more.
         | 
         | Folks always levied these criticisms about Apple. So long as
         | the company is growing and can do better re-investing the
         | capital in itself, it should do so. Companies intentionally
         | avoid creating profits to avoid paying taxes, electing instead
         | to re-invest that capital tax-free. The idea of going public
         | without a "profitable quarter" is meaningless if they could
         | just be profitable at will.
         | 
         | Apple has paid over $1B in dividends to Warren Buffet alone
         | since he took his stake, and returned just around $100B to
         | investors last year between $85B in buybacks and $15B in
         | dividends.
         | 
         | Buying shares you are paying for a combination of the present
         | intrinsic value and your estimation of its future assets and
         | cash flows. That doesn't mean your appraisal of these future
         | outcomes are _correct_ , and that's the risk.
         | 
         | But equities are fractional ownership stake in businesses whose
         | value increases through non-investor participants. You know,
         | customers? That's the difference between a positive-sum game
         | and a zero-sum game like futures and options, or a negative-sum
         | game like crypto assets. With especially proof of work crypto
         | assets, value is constantly being _removed_ by external
         | participants, rather than added.
         | 
         | Yes traditional assets are mired in garbage behavior, but that
         | doesn't mean that crypto is better - far from it.
         | Decentralization makes it borderline impossible to control the
         | behavior of bad actors while providing essentially zero
         | material value to anyone beyond a few edge cases. And as usual,
         | folks mention there will be some crypto folks who create value
         | left behind after some wash-out. 14 years later, zero value
         | created. It is true that not all equities are good investments
         | (of course), in the fullness of time, zero crypto token
         | investments as we see today will ever be good investments.
        
       | Animats wrote:
       | There's a hype cycle right now with the claim that Walmart is
       | going to issue NFTs, or get into cryptocurrencies, or
       | something.[1] Walmart is not saying that. They filed for a
       | trademark for "WALMART" for the trademark class that includes
       | cryptocurrencies. Which means only that WalMart, Inc. spent $400
       | to protect their brand name from someone creating "WalMartCoin".
       | WalMart, asked for a statement, said they had no immediate plans
       | in that area.
       | 
       | [1] https://www.theverge.com/2022/1/16/22887011/walmart-
       | metavers...
        
         | Ekaros wrote:
         | That seems like very cheap insurance... Even the legal filings
         | to fight someone launching WalMartCoin are more...
        
         | paulgb wrote:
         | Reminds me of the whole market-moving news cycle about Amazon
         | accepting cryptocurrency "by the end of the year" last year.
         | Tons of coverage, like this[1]. It never passed the smell test,
         | all traced back to one anonymous City A.M. source, and of
         | course it didn't happen.
         | 
         | [1] https://gizmodo.com/amazon-to-accept-bitcoin-by-end-
         | of-2021-...
        
           | hoffs wrote:
           | The article that this post is about talks literally about
           | Amazon event...
        
             | paulgb wrote:
             | Ah, you're right. I'd saved it to read later, should have
             | kept my mouth shut until I did.
        
       | lvl100 wrote:
       | What this study misses is how much BTC is fueled by altcoins.
       | It's an ecosystem that's rarely discussed.
        
       | kordlessagain wrote:
       | I remember when something similar was going on with AMD stock,
       | which was heavily shorted at times.
        
       | bitxbitxbitcoin wrote:
       | May I suggest a similar look at September's fake press release
       | about WalMart accepting Litecoin.[0] Unlike with the Amazon hype
       | which had arguably an unknown non zero price signal at the time,
       | price manipulation here was the alpha and omega for the initial
       | so obviously fake press release.
       | 
       | [0] https://www.nytimes.com/2021/09/13/business/litecoin-
       | walmart...
        
       | mwattsun wrote:
       | I'm suspicious of Bitcoin as a store of value. Some seem to think
       | that because there is a fixed amount of Bitcoin it will
       | automatically rise in price as demand confronts scarcity, but
       | that assumes there will continued demand. Elon Musk says Dogecoin
       | is better because it has some inflation built in, encouraging
       | people to spend instead of hoard, but adds "I'm not saying that
       | it's the ideal system for a currency"
       | 
       | "Elon Musk - SpaceX, Mars, Tesla Autopilot, Self-Driving,
       | Robotics, and AI", Lex Fridman Podcast #252".
       | 
       | Clip from a discussion about money starting minute 48:41
       | 
       | https://youtu.be/DxREm3s1scA?t=2923
       | 
       | Lex: You mentioned that Doge is the people's coin.
       | 
       | Elon: Yeah.
       | 
       | Lex: And you said that you were literally going, SpaceX may
       | consider literally putting a Dogecoin on the moon. Is this
       | something you're still considering, Mars perhaps, do you think
       | there's some chance, we've talked about political systems on
       | Mars, that a Dogecoin is the official currency of Mars, it's the
       | coin of the future?
       | 
       | Elon: Well, I think Mars itself will need to have a different
       | currency because you can't synchronize due to speed of light, or
       | not easily.
       | 
       | Lex: So it must be complete standalone from earth?
       | 
       | Elon: Mars is, at closest approach, it's four light minutes away
       | roughly, and then add for this approach, it's roughly 20 light
       | minutes away, maybe a little more. So you can't really have
       | something synchronizing if you've got a 20 minute speed of light
       | issue, if it's got a one minute blockchain. It's not gonna
       | synchronize properly. I don't know if Mars would have a
       | cryptocurrency as a thing, but probably, seems likely. But it
       | would be so kind of localized thing on Mars.
       | 
       | Lex: And you let the people decide.
       | 
       | Elon: Yeah, absolutely. The future of Mars should be up to the
       | Martians. I mean, I think the cryptocurrency thing is an
       | interesting approach to reducing the error in the database that
       | is called money. I think I have a pretty deep understanding of
       | what money actually is on a practical day-to-day basis, because
       | of PayPal. We really got in deep there. And right now the money
       | system, actually for practical purposes is really a bunch of
       | heterogeneous mainframes running a old COBOL.
       | 
       | Lex: Okay, you mean literally
       | 
       | Elon: Literally. That is literally what's happening in batch
       | mode. Okay.
       | 
       | Lex: In batch mode.
       | 
       | Elon: Yeah. Pity the poor bastards who have to maintain that
       | code. Okay. That's pain.
       | 
       | Lex: Not even Fortran?
       | 
       | Elon: COBOL, yep. That's COBOL. And they still, the banks are
       | still buying mainframes, in 2021, and running engine COBOL code.
       | The federal reserve is like probably even older than what the
       | banks have, and they have an old COBOL mainframe. And so the
       | government effectively has editing privileges on the money
       | database. And they use those editing privileges to make more
       | money whenever they want. And this increases the error in the
       | database that is money. So I think money should really be viewed
       | through the lens of information theory. You're kind of like an
       | internet connection. Like what's the bandwidth, total bit rate,
       | what is the latency jitter, packet drop, errors in the network
       | communication. Just think of money like that basically. I think
       | that's probably what I really think of it. And then say what
       | system, from an information theory standpoint, allows an economy
       | to function the best. Crypto is an attempt to reduce the error in
       | money that is contributed by governments diluting the money
       | supply as basically a pernicious form of taxation. So both policy
       | in terms of with inflation, and actual like technological, COBOL,
       | cryptocurrency takes us into the 21st century in terms of the
       | actual systems that allow you to do the transaction, to store
       | wealth, all those kinds of things.
       | 
       | Like I said, just think - In theory - of money as information,
       | people often will think of money as having power in and of
       | itself. It does not. Money is information, and it does not have
       | power in and of itself. Applying the physics tools of thinking
       | about things in the limit is helpful. If you are stranded on a
       | tropical island and you have a trillion dollars, it's useless.
       | Because there's no resource allocation. Money is a database of
       | resource allocation, but there's no resources to allocate except
       | yourself. So money's useless. If you're stranded on a desert
       | island with no food, all the Bitcoin in the world will not stop
       | you from starving.
       | 
       | Lex: Yeah.
       | 
       | Elon: Just think of money as a database for resource allocation
       | across time and space. And then what system, in what form should
       | that database, or data system, what would be most effective?
       | There is a fundamental issue with, say Bitcoin, in its current
       | form in that it's, the transaction volume is very limited. And
       | the latency, the latency, for a properly confirmed transaction is
       | too long, much longer than you'd like. It's actually not great
       | from transaction volume standpoint or latency standpoint. So it
       | is perhaps useful as, to solve an aspect of the money database
       | problem, which is the sort of store of wealth or an accounting of
       | relative obligations, I suppose. But it is not useful as a
       | currency, as a day-to-day currency.
       | 
       | Lex: But people have proposed different technological solutions.
       | 
       | Elon: Like Lightning and the Layer 2 technologies on top of that.
       | I mean, it's all, it seems to be all kind of a trade-off, but the
       | point is, it's kind of brilliant to say, to just think about
       | information, think about what kind of database, what kind of
       | infrastructure enables the exchange of - Yeah, let's say like
       | you're operating an economy, and you need to have some thing that
       | allows for the efficient, to have efficient value ratios between
       | products and services. So you've got this massive number of
       | products and services, and need to, you can't just barter.
       | Because that would be extremely unwieldy. So you need something
       | that gives you a ratio of exchange between goods and services.
       | And then, something that allows you to shift obligations across
       | time, like debt, debt and equity shift obligations across time.
       | Then what does the best job of that? Part of the reason why I
       | think there's some merit to Dogecoin, even though, it was
       | obviously created as a joke, is that it actually does have a much
       | higher transaction volume capability than Bitcoin. The costs of
       | doing a transaction, the Dogecoin fee is very low. Like right
       | now, if you wanna do a Bitcoin transaction, the price of doing
       | that transaction is very high, so you could not use it
       | effectively for most things. And nor could it even scale to a
       | high volume. And when Bitcoin was started, I guess around 2008 or
       | something like that, the internet connections were much worse
       | than they are today, like order of magnitude. I mean, they were
       | way, way worse in 2008. So like having a small block size or
       | whatever it is, and a long synchronization time made sense in
       | 2008, but, 2021, or fast forward 10 years, it's like, comically
       | low. And I think there's some value to having a linear increase
       | in the amount of currency that is generated. So, because some
       | amount of the currency, if a currency is too deflationary or
       | like, or should say if, if a currency is expected to increase in
       | value over time, there's reluctance to spend it. Because you're
       | like, "Oh, if I, I'll just hold it and not spend it because its
       | scarcity is increasing with time, so if I spend it now, then I
       | will regret spending it. So I will just, you know, hoard all it."
       | But if there's some dilution of the currency occurring over time,
       | that's more of an incentive to use that as a currency. So
       | Dogecoin just somewhat randomly has just a fixed a number of sort
       | of coins or hash strings that are generated every year. So
       | there's some inflation, but it's not a percentage at base. It's a
       | fixed number, so the percentage of inflation will necessarily
       | decline over time. I'm not saying that it's like the ideal system
       | for a currency, but I think it actually is just fundamentally
       | better than anything else I've seen, just by accident.
        
         | Hokusai wrote:
         | How is Elon Musk a relevant opinion on this matter? Even worse,
         | he is well known for astroturfing his own assets.
        
           | mcbishop wrote:
           | Elon Musk in the exchange above:
           | 
           | > I think I have a pretty deep understanding of what money
           | actually is on a practical day-to-day basis, because of
           | PayPal.
           | 
           | His comments in the exchange seem insightful to me. I assume
           | you didn't bother reading them.
        
             | danaris wrote:
             | ...because Musk bought PayPal, he can speak authoritatively
             | on Bitcoin?
        
               | gunshai wrote:
               | This is a bit of misunderstanding of history. He started
               | X.com which would later become PayPal.
        
               | Cederfjard wrote:
               | To be even more precise, X.com merged with Thiel's
               | Confinity, which already had a product called PayPal, and
               | later the whole company was renamed after the latter.
               | PayPal existed as a thing before Musk's involvement.
        
               | mml wrote:
               | oh, and musk was fired for incompetence, and all his code
               | thrown away after the x.com acquisition. he also isn't
               | the founder of Tesla. basically everything "everyone
               | knows" about Elon "monorail" Musk, is a lie.
        
             | jcranmer wrote:
             | I read them. "Insightful" is not the word I would use.
             | 
             | For example, one of the points is that the current
             | financial system is problematic because it runs on COBOL.
             | There's no actual criticism as to _why_ running on COBOL is
             | bad, other than the indirect insinuation that COBOL is
             | _old_ , not modern, and therefore it sucks. Basically, it's
             | futurism for the sake of futurism--new is inherently better
             | than old, and anything that is old is attacked as being bad
             | without analyzing the relative benefits of new and old (see
             | also Musk's comments about Hyperloop and Loop, which are
             | severely lacking in the 'mass' department compared to the
             | 'mass transit' options they are notionally competing
             | against).
             | 
             | It _is_ possible to be insightful about issues with the
             | current financial system. You could point to issues like
             | the reliance on unsecured FTP of text files to actually do
             | settlement in SWIFT. Or you might point to issues like the
             | fact that ATH doesn 't have protections against
             | unscrupulous users stealing all your money. That kind of
             | information _would_ be insightful, but instead, we get mere
             | castigation at the age of COBOL, which is completely
             | orthogonal to any _actual_ issues with the financial
             | systems.
             | 
             | Outside of this dismissal because of COBOL, the only other
             | main point that Musk makes is, well, the standard
             | libertarian viewpoint on economy that inflation is a hidden
             | government tax. But even here, it's not fully developed--
             | perhaps because the "benefit" of dogecoin over bitcoin is
             | that the former has more inflation than the latter, and if
             | you think about it too hard, you might be poking holes in
             | his argument.
             | 
             | In any case, "insightful" is not an adequate adjective to
             | describe Musk's comments here.
        
               | mwattsun wrote:
               | > problematic because it runs on COBOL
               | 
               | I assumed this was his way of saying the system is
               | antiquated and encompasses your other criticisms, because
               | the show is already long enough for him to spend more
               | time on it
        
           | mwattsun wrote:
           | He knows more than I do, is surrounded by people smarter than
           | I am and has a track record of success and overcoming
           | failures. If I thought I shouldn't listen to Elon Musk
           | because I thought I knew better, then I think my chances of
           | understanding anything about this would be greatly
           | diminished.
        
             | ceejayoz wrote:
             | > He knows more than I do, is surrounded by people smarter
             | than I am and has a track record of success and overcoming
             | failures.
             | 
             | He's also got a track history of being _massively_ wrong at
             | times on things that aren 't inside his wheelhouse, like
             | confidently predicting the end of COVID by April 2020.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | breck wrote:
               | > like confidently predicting the end of COVID by April
               | 2020.
               | 
               | I'm guessing you are referring to this Tweet, which
               | indeed was very wrong "Based on current trends, probably
               | close to zero new cases in US too by end of April":
               | https://twitter.com/elonmusk/status/1240754657263144960
               | 
               | But other than that, I would say he's been ~90% right
               | about COVID. Much more accurate than our main media
               | organizations.
               | 
               | This hit piece on Forbes lists 5 times he was wrong, but
               | in fact he was right in 4 out of 5 of those,
               | https://www.forbes.com/sites/joewalsh/2021/03/13/elon-
               | musks-...
        
               | mwattsun wrote:
               | I'm not here to defend Elon Musk, but since he is
               | tentatively experimenting with accepting crypto as
               | payment for some of his products, I assume crypto is in
               | his wheelhouse
        
               | ceejayoz wrote:
               | That's a bit like saying having COVID cases in his
               | factories makes him an expert in epidemiology.
        
               | everfree wrote:
               | That would be a wrong assumption, I believe.
               | 
               | You don't need to know much about crypto to be able to
               | accept it.
        
               | mwattsun wrote:
               | Hopefully, one of his reports knows something about it
        
             | wonderwonder wrote:
             | This is a terrible way to go through life. Just because
             | someone is successful at X does not mean they are in any
             | way knowledgeable in Y. Want to know about something, just
             | read about it yourself or seek the opinion of someone that
             | actually works in the field, don't blindly take the word of
             | someone that is not even from the field in question.
             | 
             | Doge is a joke crypto currency, and I don't mean that as an
             | insult I mean it was literally started as a joke by the
             | developers to make fun of the crazy crypto speculation.
             | Elon latched onto it as part of a joke and I think it just
             | spiraled out of his control and he does not want to admit
             | to being out of his league. He even alluded to this in his
             | SNL skit.
             | 
             | Would you go to a world renown brain surgeon for advice on
             | what is wrong with your car engine? Of course not but the
             | brain surgeon is likely a very smart person surrounded by
             | other very smart people. Car engines are just not their
             | fields of expertise, much like cryptocurrencies are not
             | Elon's. Elon is a meme lord, and goes to where the social
             | media attention is. I am a huge fan of the guy but pretty
             | much ignore everything he says outside of renewables and
             | space because that's his wheel house. Don't get trapped in
             | cults of personality.
             | 
             | Want to understand crypto, follow the people that are
             | building in it. I recommend:
             | 
             | https://twitter.com/VitalikButerin
             | https://twitter.com/aantonop
             | 
             | Someone that understands crypto second to none but acts
             | like he does not while delivering incredible content:
             | https://twitter.com/cobie
             | 
             | want someone smart that lives in the space that is anti -
             | crypto: https://twitter.com/nntaleb
        
               | gjvc wrote:
               | _Someone that understands crypto second to none but acts
               | like he does not while delivering incredible
               | content:https://twitter.com/cobie_
               | 
               | This guy is a bull market genius who is also a master
               | shitposter. Much, if not all of his content is moronic,
               | but this sort of content is posted ironically but then
               | becomes part of the in-jokes people mistake for talent.
               | Toxic.
        
               | wonderwonder wrote:
               | Guy also co-founded lido finance which has over 10
               | billion staked. I find him to be one of the more pleasant
               | crypto personalities who occasionally dramatically
               | changes peoples lives for the better. Your mileage may
               | vary.
               | 
               | https://lido.fi/
        
               | mwattsun wrote:
               | You are misunderstanding me
               | 
               | > don't blindly take the word
               | 
               | What makes you think I am? Elon's opinion is a data point
               | 
               | > he does not want to admit to being out of his league
               | 
               | You don't know this
               | 
               | > Don't get trapped in cults of personality
               | 
               | I've made many criticisms of Musk, especially his
               | pronouncements about self-driving cars
               | 
               | I think you're mistaking me for a fanboi. I'm just
               | gathering information. I do follow Vitalik Buterin, but
               | there are plenty of criticisms of his tech too.
               | 
               | "The Ethereum virtual machine has the equivalent
               | computational power of an Atari 2600 from the 1970s
               | except it runs on casino chips that cost $500"
               | 
               | Steven Diehl - Web3 is Bullshit
               | 
               | Thanks for the links. I'll add them to my list. I just
               | really got serious about this subject so I started
               | compiling a list of skeptics and enthusiasts who write
               | about it often so I can follow along. Here they are in
               | case you can use them.
               | 
               | Skeptics
               | 
               | SwiftOnSecurity https://twitter.com/SwiftOnSecurity
               | 
               | Nicholas Weaver https://twitter.com/ncweaver
               | 
               | Molly White https://twitter.com/molly0xFFF
               | 
               | Dare Obasanjo https://twitter.com/Carnage4Life
               | 
               | Stephen Diehl https://twitter.com/smdiehl
               | 
               | Enthusiasts
               | 
               | Ser Jeff Garzik https://twitter.com/jgarzik
               | 
               | Marc Andreessen https://twitter.com/pmarca
               | 
               | Bram Cohen https://twitter.com/bramcohen
               | 
               | jack(@jack) https://twitter.com/jack
               | 
               | suzuha https://twitter.com/dystopiabreaker
               | 
               | cdixon.eth https://twitter.com/cdixon
        
             | root_axis wrote:
             | He has some amazing successes, but also has a terrible
             | track record in terms of what he says vs what he actually
             | delivers, he is more often way off the mark than he is
             | accurate.
             | 
             | https://www.elonmusk.today/
        
               | mwattsun wrote:
               | This is funny. He's a promoter and a salesman. I disagree
               | with the tag line "Like Donald Trump, But For Nerds".
               | Musk actually hires and surrounds himself with brilliant
               | people, Trump not so much
        
               | root_axis wrote:
               | Agreed on the Trump characterization.
        
             | ahtihn wrote:
             | > He knows more than I do
             | 
             | What do you base this on? I mean, how are you assessing his
             | level of knowledge in this domain?
        
               | mwattsun wrote:
               | > "I think I have a pretty deep understanding of what
               | money actually is on a practical day-to-day basis,
               | because of PayPal."
               | 
               | PayPal is a thing I actually use and it works well. He
               | knows more than I do, which is not saying much, but I'm
               | trying to learn. If Hacker News says he's doesn't know
               | anything about crypto, that's a piece of information I
               | can stick in my notes to consider.
        
         | keymone wrote:
         | > So like having a small block size or whatever it is, and a
         | long synchronization time made sense in 2008, but, 2021, or
         | fast forward 10 years, it's like, comically low.
         | 
         | just shows how hopelessly moronic he is on this issue and how
         | surface-level his understanding of what is valuable about
         | bitcoin is.
        
           | mwattsun wrote:
           | In shudder to think of the stupid things I thought in 2008
        
             | keymone wrote:
             | guess what, satoshi made some prescient decisions designing
             | bitcoin, with such level of complexity, that you in 2022
             | still don't understand them. to be fair, the (briefly)
             | richest person in the world doesn't either.
        
               | mwattsun wrote:
               | I just started studying the topic. I also don't know how
               | to do brain surgery, but I'm confident with enough
               | schooling and study I could do it. With Bitcoin I don't
               | need satoshi level understanding, I just need to know
               | enough to either make a little money or avoid it
               | altogether, kind of like I don't need to be a master chef
               | to enjoy a great meal. I just need to know enough about
               | cuisine and my likes to pick out a nice restaurant.
               | 
               | I don't know how much Elon understands it. That's what I
               | am trying to determine. The feedback on HN is he doesn't.
               | I'm checking that against other sources.
        
               | keymone wrote:
               | > I just need to know enough to either make a little
               | money or avoid it altogether
               | 
               | fundamental value doesn't matter for short term
               | speculative trading. if you're coming at it from this
               | angle - chance that you'll learn anything about
               | fundamental value of bitcoin is quite low.
        
               | mwattsun wrote:
               | > fundamental value doesn't matter for short term
               | speculative trading
               | 
               | Agreed, but gambling is not my gig. I don't live that far
               | from Las Vegas if I so prefer. I think smart contracts
               | are interesting because I'm a programmer. Someone once
               | wrote that Bitcoin also has executable code so that's on
               | my list to investigate. It's something to do in
               | retirement. I wish Elon Musk well, but he's only human,
               | so I don't expect him to have investigated in depth every
               | thing he talks about. He forms half-assed opinions just
               | like the rest of us.
        
               | keymone wrote:
               | > I just need to know enough to either make a little
               | money or avoid it altogether
               | 
               | > gambling is not my gig
               | 
               | i find it hard to reconcile the two?
               | 
               | > Someone once wrote that Bitcoin also has executable
               | code so that's on my list to investigate.
               | 
               | yes, bitcoin doesn't even have a way to do payment
               | without going through bitcoin script.
               | 
               | it's all in active development. there are more convenient
               | languages that compile into bitcoin script, like
               | miniscript and sapio. and finally there's rootstock
               | project that allows running ethereum contracts directly
               | on double-pegged bitcoin sidechain.
               | 
               | > I wish Elon Musk well, but he's only human
               | 
               | s/only/the richest (briefly)/
               | 
               | a wise man one said - with great power comes great
               | responsibility. elon seems to enjoy shittalking and flip-
               | flopping on topic of various cryptocurrencies that it's
               | crossed (for me) the threshold of market manipulation for
               | personal gain.
        
       | paulpauper wrote:
       | The price is nothing but down, down, down. it is not manipulation
       | but just ppl dumping at every opportunity, like bank stocks in
       | 2007-2008 or dotcom stocks in 2000-2002. Would not want to own
       | this.
        
         | epinephrinios wrote:
         | It's "down, down, down" only if you entered at a very high
         | price: https://athcoinindex.com/coin/bitcoin
         | 
         | As the great Andreas Antonopoulos said, everyone gets the
         | Bitcoin price they deserve.
        
           | dadoge wrote:
           | Slight correction:
           | 
           | It's down down down if you entered at a high price AND sold
           | within 3yrs
           | 
           | No one who held BTC for 3-4 yrs straight has lost money on
           | their investment throughout the entire history of BTC
           | 
           | There will be a point in time where this won't be true
           | anymore, but I think we are far from it
        
             | cuteboy19 wrote:
             | 70% of people who bought Bitcoin bought it in the past
             | year. With these statistics, it is very likely that more
             | people lost money through Bitcoin than gained it.
             | 
             | Someone has to pay for all the Bitcoin mining around the
             | world, so it's probable that Bitcoin as a whole is net
             | negative. That is, the average investor loses money on
             | Bitcoin.
        
               | dadoge wrote:
               | What about anyone who fully understood its value
               | proposition and held for a 3-4 yr timeframe?
               | 
               | EDIT: let's check back in in 1-3 yrs here and see if
               | people who bought last year and held are doing :-)
        
               | cuteboy19 wrote:
               | I'm sure such people exist, its just that there are
               | probably more losers than winners in this net negative
               | game.
               | 
               | Analogously, there are some people who have won a lot of
               | money from casinos but the average gambler loses money
               | because the house always wins. Miners are 'the house' for
               | this analogy
        
               | dadoge wrote:
               | I don't buy that analogy one bit.
               | 
               | BTC supply is growing at a rate of less than 2% now. 90%
               | of the supply is already mined.
               | 
               | Miners play a very small role now in getting new supply
        
               | jazzyjackson wrote:
               | mining rewards in the form of new supply is not the only
               | way miners make money - they are the house because they
               | take a cut of every transaction. admittedly I don't know
               | the ratio, and I've always been puzzled by the end game -
               | will fees continue to rise as the difficulty ratchets up
               | such that the only incentive to mine is transaction fees?
               | Anyway they can keep winning regardless of price
               | volatility.
        
         | dadoge wrote:
         | Down down down huh?
         | 
         | https://www.lookintobitcoin.com/charts/bitcoin-logarithmic-g...
        
           | paulpauper wrote:
           | someone could have said the same about Enron in 2001 too
        
             | dadoge wrote:
             | Enron was run by a corrupt CEO who lied about its
             | accounting.
             | 
             | Bitcoin has no CEO or accountants.
             | 
             | It has also gone up A LOT more than Enron did over a much
             | longer timespan.
             | 
             | How can you look at the log chart and think BTC is "going
             | to zero"?
        
           | cuteboy19 wrote:
           | Log graphs and almost parallel lines! Perfect tools for
           | dishonest data representation!
        
             | dadoge wrote:
             | How so? What is dishonest about it?
        
       | evrydayhustling wrote:
       | This is some interesting analysis, but all of the causal language
       | is unsupported -- and I think mostly inverted from the reality.
       | Here is an equally supported description:
       | 
       | - Retail and futures traders create instability by placing
       | leveraged trades and stop orders that amplify swings.
       | 
       | - Market makers are aware of instability and design their bots to
       | turn off so that they don't end up on the wrong side of a
       | liquidity cascade.
       | 
       | - People with large orders often cancel them in order to improve
       | their orders when chasing the price. (This happens in non crypto
       | markets too, but some of those markets have incentives and
       | regulation to force market makers to provide stabilizing
       | liquidity.)
       | 
       | The most explicit manipulation is the news outlets designed to
       | amplify positive news. But even that can be explained by desire
       | for clicks as much as short term market shifts.
        
         | VHRanger wrote:
         | Author here.
         | 
         | I considered this, but rejected most of those hypotheses.
         | 
         | > Retail and futures traders create instability by placing
         | leveraged trades and stop orders that amplify swings.
         | 
         | True
         | 
         | > Market makers are aware of instability and design their bots
         | to turn off so that they don't end up on the wrong side of a
         | liquidity cascade.
         | 
         | Algorithmic traders, yes. Market makers absolutely not. MMs
         | want to be there as much as possible in liquidation cascades,
         | because bid/ask spreads are huge. MMs effectly print riskless
         | money in these situations (which is why you see Alameda and DRW
         | issue so much USDT in these events).
         | 
         | > People with large orders often cancel them in order to
         | improve their orders when chasing the price.
         | 
         | It's absurd to think this is the case when the order
         | cancellation pattern is precise to ~3ms and repeated >5 times
         | in a 30 second span. What you see on 26/7/2021 0:59:20-1:00:45
         | is intentionally done by bots designed to do this.
         | 
         | > But even that can be explained by desire for clicks as much
         | as short term market shifts.
         | 
         | Agreed, there's a footnote that posits other actors than the
         | momentum ignition traders could have planted the fake news
         | because they saw the same opportunity
        
           | stepanhruda wrote:
           | Market makers don't print riskless money, they are affected
           | by a very real risk of divergence loss.
        
             | VHRanger wrote:
             | You dont have a risk of divergence loss if you're
             | simultaneously buying and selling the same product in the
             | same order book.
             | 
             | Bid/ask spreads were as wide as double or triple digits
             | during the liquidation event. At this point the only limit
             | to riskless profits is your liquidity and the speed at
             | which you can execute.
        
               | iakh wrote:
               | Market makers can't just conjure up a counterparty. The
               | spread widens because lack a liquidity increases
               | directional risk. If it were truly riskless, others would
               | jump in to close the spread.
        
               | gruez wrote:
               | > you're simultaneously buying and selling the same
               | product in the same order book.
               | 
               | How's that even possible? Suppose the bid is at $95, the
               | ask is at $105, and you receive a buy order for $100, you
               | can't "simultaneously" sell that and make a profit.
        
         | huac wrote:
         | I agree with most of this and would add that the article could
         | be organic and the subsequent trading opportunistic (rather
         | than being tied together).
         | 
         | I am somewhat surprised that bots react to news within 5ms --
         | your execution delay on crypto exchanges is quite a bit longer
         | than that, since the exchanges are generally hosted in public
         | clouds and you are subject to network latency to get in there.
         | Even within the same cloud _and_ even within the same k8s
         | cluster, you should expect 2-4ms for an inter-pod hop.
         | 
         | That being said, maybe there is a hedge fund literally in the
         | same k8s cluster as FTX...
        
           | mthoms wrote:
           | Well, Alameda and FTX were founded by the same person. Up
           | until very recently Sam was CEO of _both_ companies at once.
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sam_Bankman-Fried
           | 
           | Edit: I _suspect_ Alameda uses data from FTX but might not
           | trade there: as per the article, the manipulation needs thin
           | order books to work.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | naveen99 wrote:
       | It's not so much price manipulation as timed restrictions /
       | throttled deposits / withdrawals / order execution. basically
       | market malfunctions / barriers. you can always arrange over the
       | counter transactions though.
        
         | madduci wrote:
         | The bad thing is, it directly influences also the price of
         | other coins, especially the top 5. Only Tether is "stable" in
         | all the senses
        
       | albert_e wrote:
       | https://archive.md/CxQpX
        
       | echopurity wrote:
        
       | mulcyber wrote:
       | I take advantage of the post to ask.
       | 
       | Anyone has a good introduction to trading for
       | engineers/mathematicians/programmers?
       | 
       | Something that goes into the theorics and the math of the thing.
       | Like an MIT open course or something. I'm always a bit lost with
       | these things.
        
         | VHRanger wrote:
         | Patrick Boyle's books are a good start.
         | 
         | Generally I would discourage people from trading - 99% of
         | people who try fail.
        
       | rasengan wrote:
       | Didn't FTX make Solana?
        
         | VHRanger wrote:
         | No, but they heavily invested in it
        
       | tdherzl wrote:
       | It should be noted that OP is a staunch BTC skeptic and a
       | proponent of MMT. This seems to be one of his many attacks on
       | BTC.
        
         | VHRanger wrote:
         | Uh, author here, I have no idea how you could ever think I'm a
         | proponent of MMT. I'm a vocal critic:
         | 
         | https://www.singlelunch.com/2018/10/01/bad-economics-shame-o...
         | 
         | As for BTC, yes, I hate it and am vocal that PoW
         | cryptocurrencies should stop existing. But this piece isn't
         | focused on that.
        
       | gfd wrote:
       | Dumb question, but is price manipulation wrong when it's for
       | something that doesn't have a "true" price?
       | 
       | Like I get why it should be illegal for stocks. If you pump it
       | and the price reverts back to some true price (calculated from
       | expected future earnings or whatever), then people who bought it
       | expecting it to be at an efficient price will lose money.
       | 
       | In the case of crypto where everything is driven by supply and
       | demand only, who loses?
        
         | lcvw wrote:
         | Stocks also don't have a "true" value. Their price is driven
         | entirely by supply and demand, which in turn is weakly anchored
         | by investors doing fundamental valuations on the stock (there
         | is more demand for an underpriced stock). The issue is that
         | market manipulation is outright theft, usually from retail
         | investors.
         | 
         | Think of it like playing blackjack. When I hit, I make a bet
         | and I know roughly what the odds are that the bet will pay out.
         | If the house was to manipulate the cards in the deck so that
         | the odds are different, I would lose much more often then I
         | should, and it would be theft. Similarly, if someone uses
         | artificial demand to drive up the price of btc above the
         | natural demand and I overpay, then they are selling to me at an
         | unfair price. Eventually the price with fall to the natural
         | price and I will lose money. Btc is weird because people keep
         | buying more, but the principle is still the same. If the price
         | is going to go from 40k and 50k over the next few months, and
         | the price is artificially raised to 45k (which is when I buy in
         | this example) then even if I get out at 50k I've lost 5k of
         | profits I would get if the market was fair.
         | 
         | So the short answer is that in any case of any market
         | manipulation, it is theft from other investors. Usually (but
         | not always) small retail investors.
         | 
         | Now the argument some crypto folks make is that market
         | manipulation is part of this market, so take that how you will.
        
           | shrimpx wrote:
           | > I know roughly what the odds are that the bet will pay out
           | 
           | > natural price
           | 
           | In low-volume situations (almost all cryptoassets) you don't
           | have these properties. The price is "fake"/random to begin
           | with.
        
         | c7DJTLrn wrote:
         | I'd argue there's no right or wrong at all when it comes to
         | this. There's only bigger and smaller, stronger and weaker,
         | early and late. We draw an arbitrary line somewhere and say
         | that people on one side cannot trade on information they have
         | and the people on the other side can. And we trust that the
         | people on the former side will never try to find a cheat or
         | workaround.
         | 
         | The market is completely made up. It's driven by inequality in
         | access to information. You're only going to make money if
         | you're:
         | 
         | A. Lucky
         | 
         | B. Ahead of the game in some shape or form
        
         | prox wrote:
         | Because (layman here) you could still pump & dump and influence
         | prices. Perhaps it's tougher with bigger established coins BTC
         | or ETH, but it's still a thing afaik.
        
         | woodruffw wrote:
         | This is only a partial answer: broadly, we lose as a society.
         | Openly fake markets and obvious manipulation erode trust in
         | systems that, even when corrupt and manipulated, are ultimately
         | tied to real value (people's labor, their retirement accounts,
         | &c.)
         | 
         | None of what we have is great, and I'm not going to bother
         | justifying traditional financial markets. But cryptocurrencies
         | represent a massive moral hazard to our handling of hundreds of
         | millions of peoples' economic security.
        
       | wesapien wrote:
       | Just anything you want to manipulate, you fake the news these
       | days.
        
         | jondwillis wrote:
         | It's not a new phenomenon.
        
           | tarsinge wrote:
           | It's a bit fuzzy but I remember a chapter in the Count of
           | Monte Cristo where the Count bankrupt an enemy by bribing a
           | telegraph agent to pass a false geopolitical (Spain?) report
           | to cause market crash of bonds of that country and push his
           | enemy to sell low.
        
       | lend000 wrote:
       | While I appreciate the amount of work that went into this
       | article, there are at least 50-100 potential current "news"
       | stories in the crypto space at any given time. It's easy to find
       | one that correlates with price movements after the fact, but more
       | or less impossible to do so with forward testing. Virtually no
       | successful crypto trading firms are using real time news data as
       | a centerpiece of their trading, because news has almost no impact
       | (contrary to popular belief and the assertions of this article),
       | especially compared to equities. Elon Musk's tweets, which
       | ostensibly should matter least for fundamental value, are
       | probably the biggest drivers of capital, albeit only in the short
       | term. See [0].
       | 
       | And then the part about "suspicious" orders on the book before
       | the liquidation cascade. Come on. Amateur crypto traders are
       | reinventing religion, where mysterious unknown "whales" are the
       | gods, pulling all the strings.
       | 
       | [0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_dredging
        
         | setr wrote:
         | > And then the part about "suspicious" orders on the book
         | before the liquidation cascade. Come on. Amateur crypto traders
         | and outsiders are reinventing religion, where mysterious
         | unknown "whales" are the gods, pulling all the strings.
         | 
         | Sounds like something a whale would say...
        
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