[HN Gopher] Covid-19 breakthrough data
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Covid-19 breakthrough data
        
       Author : nojito
       Score  : 46 points
       Date   : 2022-01-16 15:24 UTC (7 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (coronavirus.health.ny.gov)
 (TXT) w3m dump (coronavirus.health.ny.gov)
        
       | argvargc wrote:
       | To enjoy an interesting and arguably also somewhat more accurate
       | experience reading articles such as these, try mentally replacing
       | the term "vaccine breakthrough" with "vaccine failure". Going to
       | hospital is not protection.
        
         | responsivity wrote:
         | How have you found the article to be more interesting when
         | doing this substitution? Did you find it more accurate as well,
         | and if so how?
        
           | argvargc wrote:
           | It creates a more neutral impression of the vaccines
           | efficacy. The use of the term "breakthrough case" seems
           | entirely geared toward downplaying ineffectiveness. Why not
           | simply call it failure when the vaccine fails?
        
         | tremon wrote:
         | Why would that be more accurate? A total vaccine failure would
         | imply that a fully vaccinated person died from Covid, no?
        
           | argvargc wrote:
           | So if someone was permanently disabled it's a success? What
           | about in hospital 8 weeks but eventually recovered? It's hard
           | to understand why this needs to be debated. Why is it _so
           | bad_ to simply admit it _failed_ to protect?
           | 
           | Even if we set the bar at death I guarantee someone would
           | step up and say: "Yes, but they would've died even sooner
           | without the vaccine! Oh come ye let us praise it". The
           | religious fervour is bizarre. Let's face it - the vaccines
           | are a bit shit.
        
       | pelasaco wrote:
       | I'm full vaccinated and boosted. This week my antigen test is
       | positive. I had some flu symptoms (fever, pain in my body,
       | coughing) but nothing really hard. I'm still not 100%, but I'm
       | fine. I'm 40 years old, on my weight and do regular sports (5x
       | week). I dont smoke neither drink. Got it probably in the fitness
       | studio. I will stay at home until my test is negative. I have 0
       | incentive to go to the hospital do a PCR test and be officially
       | forced in a 2 weeks isolation.
        
         | sschueller wrote:
         | I don't know where you are located but here in Switzerland I
         | would definitely want the positive PCR test as proof. Although
         | it may no longer be needed as it looks like this will be over
         | soon the confirmation of an infection is treated here almost
         | like a vaccination. So you will get a certificate extension
         | etc. The isolation time here has been reduced to 5 days with
         | minimum 2 days symptom free.
        
           | tylersmith wrote:
           | Here in the US there is no upside to having proof of
           | infection. It doesn't relieve you of needing vaccination or
           | false tests in any situation.
           | 
           | Edit: not false tests; true negative tests.
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | sschueller wrote:
             | That doesn't make much sense when looking at hospital data.
             | The previously infected have the lowest hospital
             | administrations vs even the vaccinated.
             | 
             | If you are double vaxed and get infected it make zero sense
             | to also get a booster unless you have an immune system
             | issue.
        
               | taeric wrote:
               | It makes sense to not make getting it an incentive. They
               | do well, if they survive. But they also have much larger
               | risk of bad outcomes.
        
               | kleiba wrote:
               | That view is not supported by all vaccination
               | researchers. The argument against that line of thought is
               | that your immune response to, say, omicron is very
               | specific toward that variant. Consequently, if you catch
               | omicron, that does not mean you're automatically
               | protected against other variants.
        
               | peteradio wrote:
               | How likely is that to pan out, viruses of the common cold
               | gives cross reactive immunity to sars-cov-2?
        
               | dave78 wrote:
               | A problem in the US is that many people who are
               | politically right-leaning have been talking up natural
               | immunity, which means the left-leaning people in charge
               | of the local, state, and federal government where
               | mandates are in place are unwilling to acknowledge
               | natural immunity because they want to "own the cons" or
               | something like that.
        
               | pelasaco wrote:
               | I just got the booster, because it makes the life easier.
               | For example: To go to fitness studio or restaurants.
               | Either you are double vaxed + 24 hours test or you are
               | double vaxed + boosted, then you don't need a test. So I
               | boosted. 3 shots biontech/pfizer. Now I'm positive. If I
               | wanted, I could still go to fitness studio and
               | restaurant, even being positive, which really doesn't
               | make sense to me.
        
               | CountGeek wrote:
               | Firstly you have succumbed to coercion by getting
               | vaccinated to resuming your normal previous life
               | activities. After 6 months you'll need another booster to
               | continue having a valid pass. It's a never-ending cycle
               | now.
               | 
               | Secondly you have realised first hand that vaccines
               | passes give a false of sense of security.
        
               | xeromal wrote:
               | Any chance you remember where you read the reinfection
               | data?
        
               | sschueller wrote:
               | On Page 27 and 28 of the daily reports [1] from the city
               | of Zurich you can see the hospitalization and ICU rates.
               | 
               | [1] https://www.zh.ch/content/dam/zhweb/bilder-
               | dokumente/themen/...
        
             | pridkett wrote:
             | It makes it easier for most cases of international travel.
             | In a lot of contexts if you're vaccinated + boosted +
             | recovered in the last 90 days, you can just travel and not
             | worry about the result of the COVID test you need to return
             | to the United States as long as you have a letter stating
             | recovery.
        
               | wintermutestwin wrote:
               | Not in my experience. Despite being fully vaxxed, I had
               | to get tested every time I entered a country including
               | coming back to the US. A recent two leg EU trip required
               | a total of 6 tests - each of them with complex timing
               | requirements and the total cost was ~$500.
        
               | pelasaco wrote:
               | In Europe if you are double vaccinated + boosted, you
               | don't need a test to travel by plane.
        
           | pelasaco wrote:
           | Germany, but what is the upside to do the PCR test? You get
           | officially in Isolation and can get a visit from the
           | regulatory office to check if you are at home. AFAICS there
           | is no upside. You won't get any treatment protocol, any help.
           | You just get more pressure over you. I won't have the proof
           | of recovery, but actually I don't need it since I have all
           | certificates (2 shots + booster). That's make me think if
           | this whole thing makes sense: As it is now, I can go
           | everywhere (even with an antigen positive), because I have
           | the booster certificate and therefore I don't have to test
           | myself. The only real meaningful approach would be test
           | everyone, everywhere regardless of the vaccination.
        
             | NicoJuicy wrote:
             | I think getting a PCR test would be pretty good, since with
             | catching it. You have an "additional protection" lasting
             | several months.
             | 
             | Since the booster stays effective ~10 weeks, it could be
             | possible that you don't need to get an additional booster
             | between March-June. ( depends on a lot of variables ofc.
             | I'm currently vaccinated and not boostered and not
             | immediately planning on taking a booster based on the
             | previous variant for a "relatively" harmless virus for
             | vaccinated people)
        
             | ryandrake wrote:
             | You should be isolating either way. Just because you can go
             | everywhere doesn't mean you should. People going out and
             | about while unknowingly positive is why this thing won't
             | end. Testing positive and deliberately not isolating is
             | even worse.
             | 
             | You're right though: If you look at it only through the
             | lens of individual incentives, the official test has no
             | upside. One of the huge problems with governments'
             | responses to this pandemic is they are not closing these
             | loopholes. People will take the most convenient option, not
             | necessarily the one benefiting public health. To align
             | individual and societal incentives, governments need to
             | make not-isolating when infectious more inconvenient/costly
             | than isolating.
        
               | pelasaco wrote:
               | but did you read what I wrote? I will stay at home
               | isolated until I'm negative. So for sure I will stay
               | home. What I question is how good is the idea of
               | "vaccination + booster" vs "lets test everyone,
               | everywhere" specially now that is more or less clear that
               | Omicron can go through the vaccines.
        
               | ryandrake wrote:
               | Oops, missed that you are the same person as grandparent
               | post.
        
             | ErikCorry wrote:
             | If you get a long covid symptom and want to be treated for
             | that it might be smart to keep your medical records up to
             | date. Hard to know what the future brings on long covid and
             | treatments for it.
             | 
             | Or conceivably in a year they have two vaccines, one is
             | more suitable for those that are recovered, the other more
             | suitable for those who never had it. Which one will they
             | give you?
        
               | pelasaco wrote:
               | I think thats FUD. I will be able to tell if I had it or
               | not. Maybe I had it while not in here? Maybe I had it and
               | didn't realize? It is for sure not an incentive to do the
               | bureaucratic necessary dance.
        
               | SOLAR_FIELDS wrote:
               | I know this isn't as much the case these days, but as of
               | late 2020 several of the long COVID clinics in my area
               | were only accepting patients if they could demonstrate a
               | positive test. Presumably that requirement has laxed
               | lately though.
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | encryptluks2 wrote:
       | Everyone I know that is getting COVID-19 lately is vaccinated.
       | Everyone I know that didn't get vaccinated hasn't even been sick.
        
         | ChicagoDave wrote:
         | "Everyone I know" is anecdotal and most people that use this
         | language are outright lying. Trump is an expert at "They're
         | saying things are bad" and of course some people believe this
         | nonsense. "Everyone" and "They" are propaganda tools.
         | 
         | Make a claim. Provide the evidence.
         | 
         | Otherwise you're just one of the people that refuses to accept
         | reality.
        
           | argvargc wrote:
           | Your criticism comes across as very close to what you're
           | criticising. You've provided only your anecdotal evidence,
           | whilst creating another "they" - "one of those people" - that
           | you same-breath decry as the tool of propagandists.
        
           | kkjjkgjjgg wrote:
           | What a ridiculous comment. The OP is not "denying reality" if
           | his experience is as he stated. On the contrary, he would be
           | denying reality if he would believe his observations have to
           | be wrong.
           | 
           | It is not reasonable to ask for "evidence" for his
           | observations, either, as that is impossible to provide. Not
           | even the article posted here provides any evidence, you just
           | chose to trust them as an institution.
           | 
           | He did not write an article for publication, it is just a
           | comment in an internet forum. It is absolutely OK to report
           | personal experiences in that context.
        
         | pizza234 wrote:
         | The article starts with a statistic (as opposed to anecdote):
         | 
         | > These findings demonstrate that such cases and
         | hospitalizations have occurred in New York State, but at levels
         | substantially lower than among unvaccinated people
         | 
         | Of course, one could argue that New York State doesn't make a
         | large scale statistic, but it's still far from being anecdata.
        
           | encryptluks2 wrote:
        
             | mhh__ wrote:
             | Which studies?
        
               | encryptluks2 wrote:
               | https://www.ons.gov.uk/news/statementsandletters/coronavi
               | rus...
               | 
               | "those who have received three doses of a vaccine and
               | test positive for COVID-19 are more likely to be infected
               | with infections compatible with the Omicron variant
               | compared with those who are unvaccinated"
        
               | thanatosmin wrote:
               | "Note that this is the probability of an infection being
               | Omicron given a person is infected, so it doesn't tell us
               | how likely a person is to test positive in the first
               | place."
        
               | zach_miller wrote:
               | Feels like that's more a statement about the efficacy of
               | the vaccine against Delta vs Omicron. "...and test
               | positive for COVID-19..." already narrows the groups down
               | to only the positive cases, it's not a statement about
               | those groups' relative sizes.
        
               | taeric wrote:
               | That... Is a different statement. It says that they are
               | more likely to have a specific variant, given that they
               | got infected. It did not say they are more likely to get
               | infected. Right?
        
               | manfredzab wrote:
               | You're misinterpreting (unintentionally or otherwise)
               | this statement.
               | 
               | All this is saying is that P(Omicron variant | positive
               | test AND 3x vaccine) > P(Omicron variant | positive test
               | AND no vaccine).
               | 
               | In no way this is implying P(Getting Omicron | 3x
               | vaccine) > P(Getting Omicron | no vaccine).
        
               | jeffesp wrote:
               | You cut the sentence in the middle: "though individuals
               | who had received at least one dose of a COVID-19 vaccine
               | continued to be less likely to test positive for
               | COVID-19, regardless of variant." Which does not mean the
               | unvaccinated are more likely to get omicron like you
               | originally claimed. Just that if they are infected it is
               | more likely to be omicron. Which means the vaccine is
               | less effective against omicron than other variants, which
               | we already know.
        
               | peteradio wrote:
               | When you are given priors you have to be very careful
               | about what answer you are getting actually says. It says
               | there are different viral profile in one group vs the
               | other when we explicitly select for people with virus.
               | Doesn't really tell us the detail involved of actually
               | getting the virus.
        
               | donaldihunter wrote:
               | That para makes 2 more important points:
               | 
               | "Vaccination status: those who have received three doses
               | of a vaccine and test positive for COVID-19 are more
               | likely to be infected with infections compatible with the
               | Omicron variant compared with those who are unvaccinated,
               | though individuals who had received at least one dose of
               | a COVID-19 vaccine continued to be less likely to test
               | positive for COVID-19, regardless of variant. It is too
               | early to draw conclusions from our data on the
               | effectiveness of vaccines against the Omicron variant."
        
               | mhh__ wrote:
               | And when was it censored?
               | 
               | I note that it says "It is too early to draw conclusions
               | from our data on the effectiveness of vaccines against
               | the Omicron variant." also.
               | 
               | Does it mean more likely to get infected (given the same
               | exposure) or more likely to _be_ infected? The difference
               | is quite important.
        
               | drno123 wrote:
               | For example, check pages 30, 36 and 42 of the following
               | report from Scotland:
               | 
               | https://publichealthscotland.scot/media/11089/22-01-12-co
               | vid...
        
               | drewg123 wrote:
               | That's interesting. I wonder if most of the unvaccinated
               | population has already been infected with an older
               | variant of covid-19, and if that previous infection
               | provides a more effective immune response than the
               | vaccine for omicron?
        
               | drno123 wrote:
               | Either that, or vaccinated people are behaving as if they
               | are fully protected and do not take care, while
               | unvaccinated are more cautious. Recent data from Denmark
               | shows the similr outcomes.
        
             | wand3r wrote:
             | Can you post one of these articles?
             | 
             | What is the contention, people who are vaccinated are more
             | likely to get omicron?
        
               | encryptluks2 wrote:
               | Here is the Pfizer-CEO board member approved truth
               | ministry version:
               | 
               | https://www.reuters.com/article/factcheck-omicronvariant-
               | bre...
               | 
               | Basically, statistics only matter when it shows what they
               | want you to see, but when it says that triple vaxxed are
               | 8% more likely to get Omicron than unvaxxed then you are
               | drawing conclusions.
        
               | wand3r wrote:
               | I dont really appreciate the conspiratorial or political
               | framing, but I will contend that these results seem to
               | support your claim.
        
               | rubyfan wrote:
               | It's ironic that the article is about people using the
               | study to spread misinformation about the results of the
               | study.
               | 
               |  _Social media users are misrepresenting these findings
               | (on Omicron's apparent ability to breakthrough vaccine
               | protection) by saying those vaccinated are more
               | susceptible to infection overall._
        
               | thanatosmin wrote:
               | "Note that this is the probability of an infection being
               | Omicron given a person is infected, so it doesn't tell us
               | how likely a person is to test positive in the first
               | place."
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | ttfkam wrote:
               | Did you read the whole article you linked? It doesn't say
               | the vaccinated get Covid more often than unvaccinated.
               | (They don't.) It doesn't say the vaccinated get Omicron
               | more than unvaccinated. (They don't.)
               | 
               | It merely says the vaccinated are infected by Omicron
               | more than other variants like Delta. That's it. In other
               | words, the vaccines are quite effective against Delta,
               | but due to mutation, Omicron can slip past immunity a
               | little easier.
               | 
               | The vast majority of folks in hospitals and the morgues
               | from Covid (Alpha, Delta, or Omicron) nowadays are
               | unvaccinated.
        
         | jscheel wrote:
         | Did you even read the article you posted below (since flagged,
         | not by me)? It outlines the study's results, which very clearly
         | say that the results only show that omicron is effective at
         | evading vaccines, and do not indicate any increased
         | susceptibility based on vaccine use. It describes its results
         | as "a measure of how well Omicron evades the vaccines compared
         | to Delta." It also states, "from our recent characteristics
         | release, we also see that unvaccinated people overall are _more
         | likely_ to test positive for COVID-19, regardless of variant "
         | (emphasis mine). Not to mention the test-hesitancy of the un-
         | vaccinated population. You need to stop spreading misleading
         | interpretations.
        
         | wand3r wrote:
         | Did the downstream thread get flagged? I replied to this
         | comment and I only see 3-4 replies now. I can still view my own
         | comment in context but it isn't appearing.
        
         | responsivity wrote:
         | What can we conclude / what should we do based on this
         | information?
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | awb wrote:
       | Interesting that while the odds of the vaccine protecting against
       | infection are near all-time lows (mid 70s), vaccine protection
       | against hospitalization is near all-time highs (mid-90s).
       | 
       | Also interesting that this data treats 14-days+ after last shot
       | as fully vaccinated, so presumably two-shot and three-shot people
       | are both treated as "fully vaccinated".
       | 
       | > Fully-vaccinated people may have received additional or booster
       | doses, which are not specifically accounted for in this analysis.
        
         | Mystlix wrote:
         | you are protected from infection only if you have a huge number
         | of antibodies since they can immediately overpower the virus
         | when it gets in. when the antibodies are few and the virus
         | comes in you have to wait for the trained t-cells to produce
         | enough of them to again overpower the virus, so you get sick
         | for a short time and then get better. of course the quality of
         | a vaccine determines how quickly and effectively the dormant
         | t-cells are able to produce antibodies, so a very very very
         | good vaccine can even protect from infection years after
         | inoculation, and that's why the CDC has recently asked for more
         | research in order to produce these kind of vaccines for the
         | long term
        
           | peteradio wrote:
           | I wouldn't even call it "very very very good vaccine". It's
           | just a different problem each vaccine has to solve. Some
           | problems are inherently harder: flu, coronavirus, hiv
        
             | Mystlix wrote:
             | I know, but with the technology we are able to employ
             | nowadays I think it's reasonable to push for vaccines that
             | protect people for 20 years like the one for hepatitis.
             | Hell, now we can even think about curing cancer with mRNA,
             | I think a strong flu/corona virus might be within our
             | limits
        
             | pstoll wrote:
             | Interesting point I heard about why we don't (yet) have a
             | vaccine for HIV where we do for COVID - the human body can
             | fight COVID. Ie we mount an immune response and some people
             | survive and recover on their own. This is largely not true
             | with HIV - the human body hasalmost no ability to mount its
             | own response.
             | 
             | Making a vaccine is more straightforward (ie we expect to
             | be able to) when we know there is a response by our own
             | immune systems - hence we expected to be able to make a
             | COVID vaccine (although the time scale is still an amazing
             | accomplishment - thanks 20+ years of mRNA research!). And
             | we are still working on a vaccine for HIV.
        
         | rsynnott wrote:
         | That's probably essentially what you'd expect with omicron,
         | which is more effective at immune escape but appears less
         | effective at causing serious illness (at least in vaccinated
         | and previously infected people).
        
           | SV_BubbleTime wrote:
           | Short of a vaccine that prevents infection isn't this the
           | best case scenario?
        
             | awb wrote:
             | If it provides immunity to the other more deadly variants
             | and competes with them, then yes, but I haven't seen that
             | data yet. Otherwise, it's just a supplemental virus.
        
         | throwawaybutno wrote:
         | Published effectiveness against Omicron infection is under 10%.
         | This data is simply wrong.
        
           | awb wrote:
           | Source?
        
           | FabHK wrote:
           | Maybe the data you are citing is "simply wrong". Or maybe
           | different studies at different locations and times with
           | different methodologies have different outcomes. Science is
           | messy.
        
       | pstoll wrote:
       | Figure it's relevant to this thread - Eric Topol (very
       | credentialed medical researcher) does a pretty good overview &
       | summary on how the vaccines are doing.
       | 
       | https://erictopol.substack.com/p/were-very-lucky
        
         | bbarnett wrote:
         | _If there were enough vaccines for everyone around the world to
         | get the protection equivalent of 3-shots, and people took them,
         | the pandemic would be over now_
         | 
         | This is a very bizarre assertion.
         | 
         | Given that, the vaccinated spread covid, even with no symptoms,
         | vaccination status does not limit spread.
         | 
         | No amount of vaccinated people, will end the pandemic.
         | 
         | Note that, to spread covid, it must be replicating in the body.
         | Therefore, as it is replicating in the vaccinated, it will
         | continue to mutate and evolve.
         | 
         | There will never, ever be an end to the pandemic, due to
         | existing vaccines.
         | 
         | Ever.
        
           | responsivity wrote:
           | Maybe if everyone got it all at once (and before omicron
           | perhaps)? Idk tho these are all hypotheticals
        
             | lolc wrote:
             | Given that Omicron is assumed to have replicated in an
             | animal population (mice) for a year, we should expect there
             | to be other variants in animals. Even if we managed to
             | vaccinate all humans at the same time, we'd likely see a
             | new breakout a year or so down the line when immunity wanes
             | in the human population.
             | 
             | Covd19 has been endemic for two years now. And it will be
             | endemic until we find better vaccines. At that point, we'll
             | probably be ready to wipe out the flu as well.
        
           | asimpletune wrote:
           | I mean, I think it really all comes down to numbers, and also
           | agreeing on reasonable definitions of what words like "over
           | now" mean.
           | 
           | That being said, vaccines have stopped effectively ended
           | viruses before, e.g. polio (again, for counter examples
           | please refer to my comment about reasonable definitions).
           | Therefore it's clear that vaccines can achieve this effect,
           | and really what lies in question is how hard is it?
           | 
           | So, I think there are people who study this stuff, and I
           | think it's also probably pretty complicated because there are
           | a lot of variables as well as unknowns. E.g. how effective is
           | the vaccine, how contagious is the virus, how does it spread,
           | the incubation period, for how long is it contagious, etc..
           | 
           | Ok, bearing all that in mind saying
           | 
           | > No amount of vaccinated people, will end the pandemic.
           | 
           | Is itself a bizarre assertion. Maybe in your gut it seems
           | that way, but that's not really how we know stuff in real
           | life. The author even said
           | 
           | 1.) if there were enough vaccines for everyone for
           | 
           | 2.) 3-shots of protection and
           | 
           | 3.) if people took them
           | 
           | Then the pandemic would be over... I think that more or less
           | makes sense. I'm not saying it's realistic, because #3 seems
           | to be the problem in countries that have enough vaccines for
           | everyone (like the USA).
           | 
           | In any case, he's a doctor, I think he knows more than you
           | do, I trust his reasoning is based off well-informed
           | assumptions, and you're just convinced that it could never
           | happen.
           | 
           | So do you care to elaborate how "No amount of vaccinated
           | people, will end the pandemic."? If 100% of people were
           | vaccinated, would that not end the pandemic? I think it comes
           | down to the numbers, so how do the numbers support your
           | argument?
        
             | peteradio wrote:
             | What exactly is the point of an unattainable hypothetical
             | like that? Its not falsifiable and therefore totally
             | unscientific.
        
             | bbarnett wrote:
             | Appealing to authority, is a logical fallacy. He's not
             | right due to credentials.
             | 
             | You've glossed over very important parts of my post. I did
             | edit it within 3 minutes of posting, so you may be
             | responding to an alternate.
             | 
             | My point is:
             | 
             | - the current vaccines do not stop spread due to, and in
             | the vaccinated
             | 
             | Everyone agrees on this.
             | 
             | - for spread to occur, the virus must replicate, therefore
             | it can mutate even in the vaccinated
             | 
             | This is just viral 101.
             | 
             | - therefore, current vaccines cannot stop spread and
             | mutation, therefore they cannot stop the pandemic
        
               | gilbetron wrote:
               | You should probably take Viral 101 over again. Vaccines
               | definitely reduce transmission - current vaccines,
               | however, are barely, if at all, effective against
               | Omicron.
               | 
               | https://www.thelancet.com/journals/laninf/article/PIIS147
               | 3-3...
               | 
               | IF we had been able to vaccinate 90%+ of the world by the
               | start of last summer, this pandemic had a good chance of
               | ending. Delta made it much more difficult, and Omicron
               | crushed that option.
               | 
               | "it's possible for a variant to come out that gets around
               | all vaccinations every time, so therefore vaccines can't
               | stop the pandemic" means that you definitely failed Viral
               | 101.
        
               | lern_too_spel wrote:
               | Even with Omicron, if everybody were vaccinated, the
               | pandemic would be over, and we could open up society with
               | endemic Covid, with hospitalization for a fully
               | vaccinated population being lower than seasonal flu.
        
               | bbarnett wrote:
               | _You should probably take Viral 101 over again. Vaccines
               | definitely reduce transmission_
               | 
               | This is a third order effect, not first. They do not
               | reduce transmission, instead they increase immune
               | response, thus reducing replication, thus reducing
               | transmission.
               | 
               | This is a vital point here.
               | 
               | Second, please take care. At no point did I ever say
               | "vaccines don't reduce transmission". That is a general
               | statement, mine was specific, about current covid
               | vaccines only.
               | 
               | Covid is a unique beast, able to spread for weeks without
               | creating a strong immune response, and therefore,
               | symptoms. Other viruses seem to spread much later, and
               | typically only when symptoms are shown.
               | 
               | This is what makes covid so spreadable, dangerous. It may
               | also be why successful spread is difficult to stop even
               | when vaccinated. After all, this happened with delta too.
               | 
               | EDIT: going to add here.
               | 
               | COVID is in mice, deer, dogs and cats as a minimum, and
               | other mammals are strongly suspected.
               | 
               | A recent HN story cited a paper, where a researcher
               | believes covid jumped from human to mouse, mutated to
               | omicron, and jumped back to human.
               | 
               | So, regardless of the spread and mutation happening in
               | the currently vaccinated, we have spread and mutation in
               | other mammals. Including ones in our homes.
               | 
               | Think on that a bit, please people.
        
           | pstoll wrote:
           | No one gets a free pass, for sure, but he's a pretty
           | qualified thinker of things medical and health. So coming
           | here and calling him out on it should probably warrant a bit
           | more than a "uhn uhn".
           | 
           | (Edited - asimpletune above said it more eloquently than I
           | did!)
        
             | peteradio wrote:
             | "pretty qualified thinkers" are putting out all sorts of
             | thought provoking ideas with no intention of being right
             | all the time.
        
             | bbarnett wrote:
             | My comment, agree or not, stated precisely why his logic
             | was flawed.
             | 
             | Further, appealing to authority is a logical fallacy. The
             | facts count.
        
       | drewg123 wrote:
       | I wonder how under-reported mild breakthrough cases are, due to
       | self testing?
       | 
       | I'm fully vaccinated and boosted, and I had what I suspect is
       | Omicron about 10 days ago. I had a mild fever (approaching, but
       | not reaching 101), a sore throat, sneezing and nasal congestion
       | for 3-4 days, and I tested positive with an over the counter
       | rapid test. Overall, it was like a very minor cold. My girlfriend
       | also tested positive, and she had no symptoms at all.
       | 
       | I never got any "official" test (I didn't want to put additional
       | strain on the health care system), so my case was not counted in
       | any official stats. If I hadn't tested positive, my girlfriend
       | would not have even tested, and her case would have been totally
       | unknown.
        
         | awb wrote:
         | > I wonder how under-reported mild breakthrough cases are, due
         | to self testing?
         | 
         | I bet Google & Facebook have enough metadata to measure it more
         | accurately.
         | 
         | I personally know of a dozen or so unreported positives (both
         | tested positive and presumed positive), compared to two
         | reported positives.
        
           | pstoll wrote:
           | Lots of people are looking at local waste-water COVID testing
           | data as a way to get prevalence in an area.
           | 
           | Here's my local area - note the scale!
           | 
           | https://www.mwra.com/biobot/biobotdata.htm
           | 
           | And the US CDC program for this national effort:
           | https://www.cdc.gov/healthywater/surveillance/wastewater-
           | sur...
        
         | roamerz wrote:
         | Probably a statistic that they don't want have in their
         | possession anyhow.
        
           | pstoll wrote:
           | He didn't go the hospital. That doesn't change the
           | overwhelmingly positive benefits of "hospitalization rates".
        
             | roamerz wrote:
             | I agree. However I am fed up with the cdc, youtube,
             | facebook and others trying to control the narrative in any
             | way they can. For instance not considering past infection
             | as equal to a vaccination. Follow the science or don't but
             | do whatever truthfully. The next time when the cdc needs us
             | to have faith in their recommendations we won't have. This
             | shouldn't even be fathomable but here we are.
        
               | javagram wrote:
               | > For instance not considering past infection as equal to
               | a vaccination
               | 
               | The CDC has published data on this multiple times...
               | Vaccination seems to be more protective than a past
               | infection. A past infection is approximately equal to a
               | single dose of a two-dose vaccine.
               | 
               | e.g. CDC MMWR August 2021,
               | https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/70/wr/mm7032e1.htm
               | "These findings suggest that among persons with previous
               | SARS-CoV-2 infection, full vaccination provides
               | additional protection against reinfection. To reduce
               | their risk of infection, all eligible persons should be
               | offered vaccination, even if they have been previously
               | infected with SARS-CoV-2."
        
             | twofornone wrote:
             | The vast majority of cases don't end up in the hospital,
             | vaccinated or otherwise. People seem to forget this fact.
        
               | pstoll wrote:
               | The "only 1% will die" argument, sure I remember that one
               | from early days.
               | 
               | But hospitals are currently overwhelmed with mostly
               | voluntarily unvaccinated people. My advice is don't break
               | your arm or get in a car accident or have a heart attack
               | right now - it could be lethal because health care
               | resources are at a breaking point (in the US).
        
               | Lammy wrote:
               | Truly a novel situation we find ourselves in:
               | 
               | https://www.google.com/search?q=intitle%3Ahospitals+intit
               | le%...
               | 
               | https://www.google.com/search?q=intitle%3Ahospitals+intit
               | le%...
        
               | pstoll wrote:
               | I think activating "crisis standards of care" is a bit
               | more substantial and worrying than any previous claims of
               | being simply "overwhelmed" which could be subjective.
               | This is what we are seeing here in the US.
               | 
               | https://www.google.com/search?q=intitle%3Ahospitals+intit
               | le%...
        
               | javagram wrote:
               | Check the death statistics instead of headlines and
               | you'll see it truly is a novel situation - no previous
               | year saw as many Americans die as 2020 and 2021. And
               | excess deaths correspond closely to regions that saw high
               | reported COVID-19 deaths, indicating "COVID-19 deaths"
               | are people who would not have died had they not been
               | infected with and killed by COVID-19.
               | 
               | 2022 death rates are still high, nearing 2000 people
               | killed by COVID-19 daily. We can hope that due to the
               | death toll hitting mostly the unvaccinated, plus omicron
               | being a somewhat milder than Delta, we won't possibly be
               | able to hit the same high death rates all year long.
        
               | Lammy wrote:
               | No previous year saw as many Americans live as 2020 and
               | 2021 either :)
               | 
               | https://www.census.gov/popclock/
               | 
               | https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?tid=PEPNATMONTHLY202
               | 1.N...
        
               | Eldt wrote:
               | Good thing births offset deaths :)
        
               | twofornone wrote:
               | I don't think this is as widespread as people believe.
               | Certain locales tend to be overwhelmed at any given time,
               | but I don't think that's the case for the majority of
               | hospitals in the country. Unfortunately I don't have any
               | statistics.
               | 
               | >But hospitals are currently overwhelmed with mostly
               | voluntarily unvaccinated people
               | 
               | This has been the narrative for a while now, but as
               | vaccination rates increase the ratio of
               | vaccinated:unvaccinated hospitalized patients is
               | approaching and surpassing parity. And some not so recent
               | government data from the UK[0] (I haven't seen any media
               | report on it) suggests that for a number of age ranges,
               | vaccinated individuals have a similar death rate per
               | person-year, i.e. vaccines are not doing nearly as much
               | as claimed. This data is pre omicron.
               | 
               | 0. https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/bi
               | rthsde... - check table 7 in the spreadsheet. Maybe I'm
               | misinterpreting something?
        
               | pstoll wrote:
               | > as vaccination rates increase the ratio of
               | vaccinated:unvaccinated hospitalized patients is
               | approaching and surpassing parity.
               | 
               | Parity as in 1:1? Because I'm pretty sure raw counts and
               | case rates are still nowhere near parity. You mentioned
               | data by age ranges as well.
               | 
               | This commentary on a new study is pretty good: https://tw
               | itter.com/zeynep/status/1482501951065661440?s=21
               | 
               | Pointing to this recent study:
               | https://www.alberta.ca/stats/covid-19-alberta-
               | statistics.htm...
        
               | Proven wrote:
        
         | SoylentOrange wrote:
         | Here in Ontario Canada, the official government guidance is to
         | _not_ get tested if you have a mild case, due to a province-
         | wide shortage of PCR tests [1]. Several friends have likely
         | contracted COVID in the past 2 weeks (38-39 degree fever for
         | 2-4 days with some coughing). Nothing serious enough to go to
         | the hospital, but enough to take some time off work. All their
         | cases are also unreported.
         | 
         | [1]: https://globalnews.ca/news/8480752/ontario-covid-pcr-
         | testing...
        
         | mlyle wrote:
         | Here's a piece of data I've been following, for Santa Clara
         | County:
         | 
         | https://covid19.sccgov.org/dashboard-case-rates-vaccination-...
         | 
         | The number --- 871 cases per day per 100,000 unvax'd, for the
         | week preceding 1/10-- is an amazing rate (7 day average). It
         | tells us that 6.1% of the unvaxxed population _became a case_
         | during a 1 week period. This doesn 't count people who were
         | infected and did not test or did not test in a way that got
         | reported.
         | 
         | Your point about whether mild infections are slipping through
         | is interesting. Probably the vaccinated have more
         | paucisymptomatic infections. The unvaccinated and vaccinated
         | probably test at different rates (which way? required workplace
         | testing of unvaxxed vs. unvaxxed more likely to be deniers who
         | don't want to test). Etc. So there's some confounds here, for
         | sure. But boy that 871 per 100k number is fascinating.
         | 
         | Without reinfection (which we don't suspect is likely for
         | Omicron-following-Omicron), it certainly can't stay at 6% of
         | the population per week for long. I doubt they have spotted
         | more than a third of infections.
        
         | brg wrote:
         | In my area all self-tests are connected and must be digitally
         | reported. However self-diagnosis may be a cause of
         | underreporting.
        
         | chadlavi wrote:
         | hundreds of thousands in NYC alone. I'm one of them too,
         | similar situation to your gf. Triple vaxed, was asymptomatic
         | but got positive home tests across different brands. Was unable
         | to get a PCR test, so I didn't get in the official numbers.
        
         | parkingrift wrote:
         | Based on the positivity rate I would guess that the "official"
         | count is off by a factor of 3-10.
         | 
         | I haven't seen such absurd lines lately in NYC, but I also
         | don't see any compelling reason for most people to go get an
         | official test.
        
       | twofornone wrote:
       | >Current estimates of cases and hospitalizations by vaccine
       | status, and vaccine effectiveness
       | 
       | Estimate is the key word here. It's really difficult for me to
       | trust official figures given that omicron appears to be spreading
       | virtually unabated across the world regardless of vaccination
       | rates. There's far too much political (state and corporate)
       | pressure to paint a "safe and effective" picture.
       | 
       | As others have pointed out, people in the US are simply not
       | reporting breakthrough cases. There is no incentive. The majority
       | of my fully vaccinated remote workers at have recently tested
       | positive, presumably for omicron. Yet our small startup has still
       | chosen to announce mandates for all, including remote workers.
       | This all feels a lot more like blind faith than science at this
       | point.
        
       | wand3r wrote:
       | Does anyone have data on boosted death rate?
       | 
       | It is really hard to find stats. "Vaccinated" is such a difficult
       | term because it can encompass J&J from nearly a year ago for
       | example. I see some breakdowns by vax supplier vs
       | hospitalizations.
       | 
       | Really would like to know how many people who have taken the
       | booster have died from covid ideally with age data.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | throw0101a wrote:
         | > _A total of 843,208 participants met the eligibility
         | criteria, of whom 758,118 (90%) received the booster during the
         | 54-day study period. Death due to Covid-19 occurred in 65
         | participants in the booster group (0.16 per 100,000 persons per
         | day) and in 137 participants in the nonbooster group (2.98 per
         | 100,000 persons per day). The adjusted hazard ratio for death
         | due to Covid-19 in the booster group, as compared with the
         | nonbooster group, was 0.10 (95% confidence interval, 0.07 to
         | 0.14; P <0.001)._
         | 
         | * https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa2115624
         | 
         | 0.16 versus 2.98 per 100,000. 90% reduction.
        
         | steveBK123 wrote:
         | Closest I've seen -
         | https://twitter.com/zeynep/status/1482501951065661440?s=20
         | 
         | Source - https://www.alberta.ca/stats/covid-19-alberta-
         | statistics.htm...
         | 
         | The answer seems to be extremely few boosted deaths, especially
         | under 80. You are at more risk unvaccinated in your 40s than
         | boosted in your 80s.
        
           | Proven wrote:
           | > You are at more risk unvaccinated in your 40s than boosted
           | in your 80s.
           | 
           | At more risk from Covid19 during first eight weeks after the
           | booster, yes.
           | 
           | But you're at more risk from other shit. And maybe even from
           | Covid19 after eight weeks.
        
           | wand3r wrote:
           | Thanks! At least provides a bit of a window into what is
           | going on
        
       | webscalist wrote:
       | - Population is considered fixed (or growing very slowly)
       | 
       | - More people get vaccinated: A
       | 
       | - Less people remain unvaccinated: A' (=1-A)
       | 
       | - More people get infected: B
       | 
       | B/A' will of course grow more rapidly than B/A
        
         | hn_throwaway_99 wrote:
         | Statistics professors everywhere just giving a long, sad sigh.
        
         | lern_too_spel wrote:
         | B/A' and B/A are nonsensical statistics that nobody tracks. The
         | figures people report are infected vaccinated individuals over
         | A and infected unvaccinated individuals over A'.
        
         | responsivity wrote:
         | Isn't there a corresponding B' involved here? Or am I just
         | dumb.
        
       | Scene_Cast2 wrote:
       | One thing to note is that the effectiveness metric also includes
       | the behavioral and populational differences.
       | 
       | I'd personally really like to know what the metric would be if
       | (hypothetically, just for analysis) the vaccine was a placebo.
       | For example, if the people who get the vaccine are generally more
       | able to work from home, then the metric would still be
       | significantly above zero.
       | 
       | Just for clarity, I believe that the vaccine is effective, but I
       | question the measurement methodology.
        
         | awb wrote:
         | We'll have to think of a different methodology because it's not
         | ethical to issue placebo vaccines during a pandemic.
        
           | FabHK wrote:
           | Well, antivaxxers would take the placebo. But they wouldn't
           | take the vaccine. So you can't randomise the trial.
        
             | FabHK wrote:
             | I was serious with that comment. You can do longitudinal
             | studies now, and people do, comparing
             | infection/hospitalisation/death rates among vaccinated and
             | unvaccinated people. But those have very serious
             | confounders, namely that those who are still unvaccinated
             | might behave rather different from everyone else.
             | 
             | To overcome this, you'd need an RCT. But you're unlikely to
             | find either a) unvaccinated people that want to be
             | vaccinated, yet would be ok to get a placebo instead, or b)
             | unvaccinated people that don't want to be vaccinated yet
             | would be ok to get a vaccination instead.
        
               | awb wrote:
               | Agreed, not sure why you were downvoted.
        
         | FabHK wrote:
         | Well, one important confounder is age (older people tend to be
         | more vaccinated), but they control for that.
         | 
         | Many other confounders cannot easily be controlled for, but is
         | there any reason to assume that they're correlated with the
         | outcome? It could be that vaccinated people are more careful in
         | terms of meeting other people.
         | 
         | At any rate, we had big RCTs at the beginning that demonstrated
         | efficacy against the then prevailing variant (alpha, I assume).
         | 
         | It'll be tricky to repeat an RCT at this stage.
        
           | dehrmann wrote:
           | Another big confounder is household size.
        
         | smorgusofborg wrote:
         | I don't really get the example of being able to work from home,
         | but I would expect differences are extremely regional/national.
         | 
         | In some countries there's a formal labor law for doctors notes
         | after X days that is known by all and which might mean your
         | doctor checks and registers the case(?) in other places it is
         | total discretion if a manager demands a note but rarely does in
         | places that aren't shift work oriented.
        
           | Scene_Cast2 wrote:
           | With the WFH example - suppose that 1) WFH is issued by
           | companies as a blanket policy (different from 2-week
           | isolation from getting sick) 2) people who get the vaccine
           | tend to be the ones that WFH, and 3) WFH allows for less
           | exposure. In that case, the people who get the vaccine tend
           | to have less exposure and fewer chances to get sick,
           | regardless of vaccine efficacy.
        
             | smorgusofborg wrote:
             | There's definite vaccine rate differences in industries,
             | but much of that might be largely explained by age
             | demographics of industries..
             | 
             | Given two people who WFH the vaccinated one can
             | conveniently eat in a restaurant and go to the gym while
             | the unvaccinated needs to get take out or is getting
             | regular tests. I think vaccinated people have much more
             | interaction with the virus unmasked in an indoor
             | environment but much less likelihood of ever being tested
             | when having light or no symptoms.
        
       | throwawaybutno wrote:
       | This data is really quite poor. It's adjusted based on a 2000
       | census. It's also showing a 2 dose effectiveness of over 70%
       | against Omicron which we know to be under 10%. If you're using
       | this as an argument to get vaccinated, it's a bad one.
        
         | nojito wrote:
         | > It's also showing a 2 dose effectiveness of over 70% against
         | Omicron which we know to be under 10%
         | 
         | This isn't possible. If it were true, NYC would have collapsed
         | during the Omicron wave due to bed shortages.
        
           | tremon wrote:
           | It would be possible if the hospitalization rate due to
           | Omicron is also 7x lower than for the earlier variants. I
           | don't have numbers in either direction, but given case loads
           | rising everywhere yet recorded deaths remaining relatively
           | stable, it's not a priori an impossibility.
           | 
           | (edit: just checked the UK's stats over the past month:
           | infections have peaked at 200k/day, 5x the baseline rate over
           | the past few months. Daily deaths have doubled but not yet
           | peaked, suggesting Omicron has at most a 2.5x reduction in
           | severity -- usual caveats apply, this is very coarse data,
           | IANAE etc)
        
         | ttfkam wrote:
         | > which we know to be under 10%
         | 
         | Source?
        
           | resource0x wrote:
           | https://covid-19.ontario.ca/data#casesByVaccinationStatus
           | 
           | Search for "hospital but not the ICU". Look above it for ICU
           | stats. For "Not in ICU", it can be argued that even 10% is an
           | overstatement. The author of the article, meanwhile, doesn't
           | provide any sources whatsoever.
           | 
           | Another interesting piece of data was recently removed from
           | Got-t of Alberta website, but you can see it here:
           | https://alexberenson.substack.com/p/the-government-of-
           | albert...
        
             | curt15 wrote:
             | The Ontario dashboard for "Not in ICU" currently shows 739
             | unvaccinated and 2050 vaccinated. But since effectiveness
             | compares rates, not absolute numbers, one needs to
             | normalize those numbers by the size of each subpopulation.
             | Since roughly 80 percent of Ontarios are vaxxed, the
             | relative risk for being unvaccinated is approximately
             | 
             | (739/0.2) / (2050/0.8) = 1.4
        
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       (page generated 2022-01-16 23:02 UTC)