[HN Gopher] Postscript on the Societies of Control (1990)
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       Postscript on the Societies of Control (1990)
        
       Author : fogus
       Score  : 67 points
       Date   : 2022-01-13 15:28 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (theanarchistlibrary.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (theanarchistlibrary.org)
        
       | Animats wrote:
       | (1990)
        
         | dang wrote:
         | Added. Thanks!
        
       | just_steve_h wrote:
       | This is fantastic. I must quote from the conclusion:
       | 
       | "Can we already grasp the rough outlines of these coming forms,
       | capable of threatening the joys of marketing? Many young people
       | strangely boast of being 'motivated'; they re-request
       | apprenticeships and permanent training. It's up to them to
       | discover what they're being made to serve..."
        
       | steveklabnik wrote:
       | This essay had a tremendous impact on me when I first read it.
       | Deleuze died in 1995, and so didn't really get to see the rise of
       | the web, but I've always wondered what he'd write about it...
        
         | motohagiography wrote:
         | To me, I saw it as "Bentham's panopticon reified" and the rest
         | was flourish. I'd be interested in someones view of the hidden
         | depth of it. What grabbed you about it at the time?
        
           | nomadpenguin wrote:
           | "Bentham's panopticon reified" is more characteristic of
           | Foucault's concept of disciplinary societies, which defined
           | the 20th century. Deleuze's project here is to extend it into
           | the 21st century, where the disciplinary society changes into
           | "societies of control". While both disciplinary and control
           | societies rely on surveillance, disciplinary societies create
           | compliance through the threat (if not the execution) of
           | punishment, while control societies create compliance through
           | nudges and dark patterns. Disciplinary societies have
           | centralized locations of power (the factory, the school, and
           | the barracks), while in control societies, power is
           | decentralized -- both everywhere and nowhere at once
           | (algorithms, workplace encouraged education and health
           | initiatives, etc).
           | 
           | Furthermore, while disciplinary power creates classes of
           | individuals to control and marginalize (based on race, class,
           | etc.), under neoliberal control societies, all individuals
           | are prima facie accepted. This is not because the control
           | society is less coercive, but because control is exerted at
           | the sub-individual level -- think how advertising algorithms
           | assign each person a constellation of tags which are used to
           | structure their online experience.
        
           | steveklabnik wrote:
           | I mean, in one sense, a significant amount of philosophy is
           | "some other person's work but with a twist." "All of Western
           | philosophy is but a footnote to Plato." and all that.
           | 
           | But sure, Bentham is a huge influence here; Deleuze is moving
           | forward Foucault's "disciplinary society" concept into the
           | "control society" concept presented here, and Foucault's use
           | of the panopticon is such a meme that even folks who aren't
           | particularly into this stuff often know that it exists.
           | 
           | My sibling commentor has it exactly right:
           | 
           | > disciplinary societies create compliance through the threat
           | (if not the execution) of punishment, while control societies
           | create compliance through nudges and dark patterns.
           | 
           | There's like, a thousand different reasons that this essay
           | meant something to me at the time, but one of them was that I
           | happened to come across this at the time that the industry
           | was getting really into gamification.
           | 
           | To continue to piggyback off of nomadpenguin:
           | 
           | > in control societies, power is decentralized -- both
           | everywhere and nowhere at once (algorithms, workplace
           | encouraged education and health initiatives, etc).
           | 
           | I didn't really appreciate the increasing amount (in both
           | number and degree) of algorithmic control over our lives
           | until reading this essay. I mean, on some level I saw it
           | happening, but I really, truly started seeing it after this.
        
         | hsavit1 wrote:
         | This video on Deleuze and control societies feels particularly
         | relevant https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hu4Cq_-
         | bLlY&ab_channel=Plast...
        
           | steveklabnik wrote:
           | Thanks for sharing, I enjoyed this quite a bit. It's probably
           | more conceptually accessible for hn's audience too.
        
         | Barrin92 wrote:
         | The one piece that had the most impact on me on the topic of
         | control societies is Nick Land's Meltdown, and a lot of his
         | CCRU stuff from his academic days explicitly deals with Deleuze
         | after all.
         | 
         | http://www.ccru.net/swarm1/1_melt.htm
         | 
         | It's incredible to me that this was published in 1995 rereading
         | it today.
        
           | steveklabnik wrote:
           | I'm... more familiar with Land's more recent works, but in my
           | understanding that is a more recent turn, and the CCRU stuff
           | I'd find more agreeable, but I haven't gotten around to it.
           | I'll read this later, thank you.
        
           | hidudeurcool wrote:
        
       | carapace wrote:
       | edit: I was wrong, see below.
       | 
       | - - - -
       | 
       | I have since misplaced it, but there's a book on the history of
       | the computer wherein a conversation with Babbage was quoted. He
       | was asked something like, "So the engine is the perfection of the
       | executive?", and he agreed. That phrase, "the perfection of the
       | executive", has stayed with me.
       | 
       | The "executive" in this sense means the "part of government that
       | enforces law, and has responsibility for the governance of a
       | state." ~https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_(government) In
       | other words _control_. Babbage and his interlocutor saw the
       | computer as the perfection of control in the political sense, and
       | I think we 're seeing that unfold today before our eyes.
        
         | cafard wrote:
         | He was -- or rather his correspondent was--speaking of
         | mathematics:
         | 
         | """
         | 
         | In 1840 I received from my friend M. Plana a letter pressing me
         | strongly to visit Turin at the then approaching meeting of
         | Italian philosophers. In that letter M. Plana stated that he
         | had inquired anxiously of many of my countrymen about the power
         | and mechanism of the Analytical Engine. He remarked that from
         | all the information he could collect the case seemed to stand
         | thus:--
         | 
         | "Hitherto the _legislative_ department of our analysis has been
         | all powerful--the _executive_ all feeble.
         | 
         | "Your engine seems to give us the same control over the
         | executive which we have hitherto only possessed over the
         | legislative department."
         | 
         | """
         | 
         |  _Passages From the Life of a Philosopher_
         | (https://www.gutenberg.org/files/57532/57532-0.txt)
        
           | carapace wrote:
           | Ah! Thank you for clearing that up. Cheers!
        
           | 1MachineElf wrote:
           | That extra historical context provides some fascinating depth
           | to setting of The Difference Engine (1990).
        
       | uberdru wrote:
       | The rhizome will set you free.
        
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