[HN Gopher] Ask HN: Mistakes working with small local clients?
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       Ask HN: Mistakes working with small local clients?
        
       Hi, so I have been working with some very small local
       clients/businesses developing them websites and custom made
       internal software/tools and also providing hosting and support.
       What are some mistakes you have made down the road and what advice
       would you give to someone that just started?
        
       Author : psikomanjak
       Score  : 74 points
       Date   : 2022-01-13 15:12 UTC (7 hours ago)
        
       | popemarijuanaxv wrote:
       | Everything about working with small local clients is a mistake.
       | I'm sorry, but it is. If you must, be very clear about what done
       | means. Be very clear about who is responsible for maintenance
       | after your job is done. If you don't, you will still get calls 8
       | years later to update the prices on the website, etc. Invoice
       | absolutely everything. If you feel like a client is trying to get
       | away with something, use an invoice to clarify that they can do
       | so at X cost. I once billed someone $30,000 for an website
       | update. I didn't get paid, but I never heard from them again. And
       | by all means, don't work where you live. Ditto re:
       | family/friend/friend of friends. Just don't. No money here. I
       | dunno, just everything about this clientele screams avoid to me,
       | especially their near complete inability to understand how much
       | education goes into being able to do the sorts of things we can
       | do with software, and therefore unable to understand why it costs
       | so much or why they should pay even a 10th of it. Trying to pull
       | money out of a small business is often tantamount to teeth-
       | pulling, and a very large majority of small business owners work
       | for themselves because no one wants anything to do with them, so
       | choose who you work for very carefully. Sorry to spook you. Can
       | you tell I've enjoyed my time in this space?
        
         | tlogan wrote:
         | This is very much spot on.
         | 
         | And you will find that some of these "small business" are
         | actually failure and they are alive just because somebody else
         | in the family is paying the bills.
        
         | scrozier wrote:
         | I have spent a good deal of my career trying to figure this
         | out. I love small businesses and not-for-profits (not to muddy
         | the waters, but they pose similar challenges). I've reached the
         | same conclusion as you. To a small business, every dollar is
         | critical, so they are compelled to micromanage. Many small
         | business owners are very smart, but not well educated, so they
         | tend to lack some perspective and try to substitute their
         | "street smarts," which doesn't work very well with
         | technical/creative work. As much as I'd love to serve this
         | market, I've never figured it out.
        
           | mgkimsal wrote:
           | > To a small business, every dollar is critical, so they are
           | compelled to micromanage.
           | 
           | We'd need to define 'small business' size, but more
           | importantly, who you're working with. Working with the
           | _owner_ of a small business... every dollar effectively comes
           | out of their pocket (at least, that may be the mentality).
           | Working with a small business that has enough folks to have a
           | team, they 're more likely to have some actual budget to work
           | with that isn't 'their' money. They have to achieve business
           | goals and have money to spend.
           | 
           | Who you're working with and how small 'small' is are the
           | critical factors, I've found.
        
             | scrozier wrote:
             | Absolutely. I was talking about what would probably be
             | called "very small businesses," in which I was almost
             | always working directly with the owner. Probably in the
             | range of 5-50 employees. 300bps has an interesting take on
             | the size issue, elsewhere in the comments.
        
         | vector_spaces wrote:
         | There are very intelligent people out there who aren't software
         | engineers or who don't work for Fortune 500s. The logistical
         | challenges that go into operating a small e.g. grocery store
         | probably vastly outweigh whatever a typical FAANG or YC startup
         | engineer has to contend with.
         | 
         | People start businesses for lots of reasons, and if you've
         | built a small business that's been around for more than several
         | years, in a lot of industries, that means that you know how to
         | work with people. The food business in particular is that way
         | -- if you can't build good relationships with your suppliers
         | and customers, you're dead.
         | 
         | I agree with your overall point that, if you're looking to
         | optimize your payday, working with small businesses probably
         | isn't the way. But it can still be fulfilling and reasonably
         | lucrative.
        
           | 908B64B197 wrote:
           | > The logistical challenges that go into operating a small
           | e.g. grocery store probably vastly outweigh whatever a
           | typical FAANG or YC startup engineer has to contend with.
           | 
           | Doing in a scalable way sure. Grocery margins are razor thin.
           | 
           | Doing it at a loss or break-even by working 80+ hours a week
           | understaffed no, everyone can do that.
        
           | MattGaiser wrote:
           | Eh, unless it is a niche grocery store, every actually
           | independent grocery store I have visited has had limited
           | selection and mouldy fruit.
           | 
           | I don't think anyone disputes that running a small business
           | is hard. It is just that most don't do a terribly good job of
           | it.
        
         | radu_floricica wrote:
         | It all probably boils down to you being of less value to
         | smaller clients than to larger ones. Software and web are a
         | force multiplier. They don't produce value on their own, they
         | just increase what's already there. If a new, better website
         | can get the client a 20% better conversion rate, or if a new
         | software will decrease their costs by 5% - that can be
         | dramatically different in CorpX and in Ma&Pa.
         | 
         | The multiplier itself can't be dramatically different - you
         | can't write software that'll bring a 99% decrease in costs. But
         | the base that you're multiplying can easily be 100x larger
         | (10000%). That's the value you're creating, some part of which
         | is your fair share.
         | 
         | So how to successfully sell to small clients? The correct
         | answer is "en masse". The only way to make up for the
         | difference in productivity is with numbers - you don't write
         | custom software, you make a product and sell it to thousands
         | and more.
         | 
         | Small clients simply should never work with service providers
         | directly - they just waste time that'd better be spent by
         | making a bigger client 0.1% more efficient. I know that's the
         | opposite of what idealism would say, but it's true. The
         | _smaller_ cost for society is burned out and pissed off
         | developers. The real one is the opportunity cost of what they
         | could have been doing instead.
        
         | jpm_sd wrote:
         | Yeah this is why small businesses have all ended up on Facebook
         | and, to a lesser extent, Squarespace. Big players providing a
         | consistent service with a simple interface is going to win
         | every time.
        
           | josefresco wrote:
           | The "fabled" small biz move to Facebook happened 4-5 years
           | ago and has since shift back. During that time, I'd hear
           | warnings (much to my enjoyment) that my job would be in
           | jeopardy. Things are shifting back now, hard. I've had
           | clients stop posting to social media, and instead are
           | reinvesting in their website, which they control 100%. The
           | social media shine has warn off for small biz - it's just
           | another marketing channel and one you don't control.
        
             | teddyh wrote:
             | Yes: https://theoatmeal.com/comics/reaching_people_2021
        
         | disease wrote:
         | I've sometimes wondered why so many restaurants (even some
         | chains) don't have any kind of online presence outside of a
         | crappy HTML 'poster' that tells the world they exist. No
         | delivery. No online orders. Seems like a missed opportunity.
         | 
         | Then I remember that it is an industry with tiny margins and
         | remember my past work with small clients and come up with a
         | similar list of thoughts that you have outlined here.
        
           | MattGaiser wrote:
           | The restaurant industry has a scary number of people who just
           | toss their retirement savings into it and treat it as a
           | retirement hobby. Then they get slowly bled dry.
        
           | josefresco wrote:
           | There are web firms that work solely with restaurants. I've
           | lost a couple clients to them. The come in with a slick sales
           | pitch, and sell restaurant owners on the idea that "their
           | menu will be everywhere!". This particular example actually
           | builds decent websites, but what sold my (former) client on
           | it was their tech surrounding menu distribution. Where do
           | these menus appear? No clue.
        
           | datavirtue wrote:
           | Yes, small businesses have been left behind. Almost
           | completely abandoned by tech. The only progress has been
           | those shitty web based payment terminals with scant support
           | for inventory and e-commerce.
        
       | gwbrooks wrote:
       | Meta-mistake that covers most small clients: Don't do business
       | with people who are writing you a check out of their own pocket.
       | Prospects that have a professional manager and a budget are a lot
       | less hassle than Ed and Enid, who have to buy cheaper hamburger
       | this month if they pay your invoice.
       | 
       | Related: Admin and client hand-holding eat all the things;
       | consider having fewer/larger clients.
       | 
       | No matter what size your clients, don't sell one-off websites.
       | Sell either a package of annual services or flat-out rent them a
       | website you own.
       | 
       | Clients are never happier than at the moment of delivery; that's
       | the time to ask for referrals.
       | 
       | You can almost never meaningfully raise your rates with a long-
       | term client so start with high rates.
       | 
       | Related: There's no reason in the world every client needs the
       | same rate. The same piece of work you do may solve a $50k problem
       | for one client and a $5 million problem for another; why would
       | you charge them the same?
       | 
       | I've seen some comments about providing as much detail as
       | possible in invoicing, time tracking, etc. That's one way to do
       | it but, in my experience, small clients want simplicity. Flat
       | rate for a fixed scope, no time tracking and a one-line invoice.
        
       | Overtonwindow wrote:
       | Very early in my career, I found working with local clients can
       | be vastly improved by having a detailed scope of work,
       | milestones, expectations, and budget. Never enough detail. I
       | found being local to clients creates a relationship very
       | different from distant clients, and anything you can do to build
       | trust, transparency, etc. ahead of the work, the better. The more
       | detailed my scope of work, the less scope creep I had.
        
       | nicbou wrote:
       | I did this in college. It was one of my favourite jobs. I learned
       | a lot about business during that time.
       | 
       | 1. Competing on price. Stingy clients are very demanding.
       | 
       | 2. Competing tasks rather than solving problems. You should see
       | the look on their face when you take a minute to fix some random
       | IT problem.
       | 
       | 3. Not having a clear scope for larger projects. I was lucky but
       | some of my friends had long stressful months because of it.
       | Humans and developers have differing ideas of what "finished"
       | means.
       | 
       | 4. Hosting clients. The responsibility is not worth the money. At
       | some point you might want to do something else and you'll be
       | stuck with lots of clients who depend on you.
       | 
       | In the long run small clients are not sustainable. Big clients
       | pay better and more consistently.
        
         | scrozier wrote:
         | Your point about learning about business is spot on. I feel
         | like I got an MBA in entrepreneurship early on, by doing this
         | kind of work. That said, it's a very rough way to make a
         | living.
        
         | convolvatron wrote:
         | #1 really resonates. I really actually like of like working for
         | a less ludicrous rate and doing real work for real people and
         | adding clear value.
         | 
         | but the lower the rate the more headache. the more arguments
         | about billing. the more unpaid favors they try to pile on. the
         | harder the deadlines. the more they insist that somehow they
         | are being cheated. the more likely that their 'project' is
         | really a random assemblage of half-finished stuff from prior
         | developers they pissed off. the more likely they are going to
         | 'pivot' and change the whole engagement or just disappear.
        
       | 300bps wrote:
       | Many years ago I was a self-employed consultant that did work for
       | a lot of small/medium sized clients.
       | 
       | I would never want to do that again. The size of the client
       | determines how much money they have to pay you before you owe
       | them your first born child.
       | 
       | Level 1 - Home Users. If they pay you $100, you better answer
       | their calls within 30 seconds on a Sunday.
       | 
       | Level 2 - Up to 10 employees. $1,000.
       | 
       | Level 3 - 11 to 500 employees. $10,000.
       | 
       | Level 4 - 500 to 1,000 employees. $50,000.
       | 
       | Level 5 - 1,001+ employees. They just don't care. They can pay
       | you $500,000 or even millions and if it blows up in their face
       | they'll chalk it up as a "learning lesson".
        
         | geocrasher wrote:
         | This is so true!
        
         | newaccount74 wrote:
         | I once did some consulting work for a funded startup, for me it
         | was the biggest contract I ever had (about $20k) and the
         | project didn't really work out, but they didn't care and just
         | paid my invoice. It was so nice to be treated like a
         | professional.
         | 
         | On the other hand, small clients who paid $2k for something
         | kept coming back with revision requests...
        
       | rossdavidh wrote:
       | 1. pay as you go (much more likely than a larger client to
       | actually not have the money even though they thought they would,
       | or to go out of business entirely with little notice) 2. they
       | don't have as much experience with how tech projects go, so you
       | need to manage expectations more
        
       | CaptainJustin wrote:
       | The following is my opinion. Others may have a different take on
       | these ideas.
       | 
       | - Not charging enough from the start. Two clients accepted my
       | rate way too fast.
       | 
       | - Giving time estimates for every piece of work rather than price
       | estimates. Price estimates allow to you to charge for the value
       | you provide rather than being limited to the negotiated hourly
       | rate. Some tasks take a great deal of expertise and provide
       | massive value but take only a short time. Don't bill them by the
       | minute for that. Bill by value.
       | 
       | - Limit the number of changes they can make after completing a
       | task or charge per hour after initial delivery. Some clients will
       | take every opportunity to tweak something. It never ends. If that
       | is happening on your (unbilled) time then your effective rate is
       | falling with every new "quick change".
       | 
       | - Don't hand over work until the payment experience for a new
       | client looks to be in good faith, regular and business usual.
       | I've heard a few stories from friends about serial-exploiters who
       | churn through freelancers trying to get most of the work done for
       | free.
        
       | alserio wrote:
       | The effort required for the maintenance of many small projects is
       | way more than that required for a big project with the same total
       | cost. Customization of a product doesn't scale very well with
       | time
        
       | chaircher wrote:
       | Be in tune with your local community. I get wind of problem
       | clients AND problem partners or suppliers long before we're even
       | on each others' radar.
       | 
       | Try and surround yourself with people you trust so when someone
       | says "xxxxxx is super unprofessional" you know they're being
       | legit and they're not just trying to cover their own back or
       | running saboutage.
       | 
       | My main mistake was not paying attention to adjacent businesses
       | and underestimating how destructive they can be. Who's in your
       | office block? Who did you graduate with? Try and identify problem
       | people in these groups and pivot away from them
        
       | runako wrote:
       | In addition to the excellent points made by others, I would add:
       | 
       | 1. Not using a real contract. Get something like hellobonsai.com
       | if you don't have an attorney, but use a real contract. You're
       | (probably) not going to end up in court, but if you do you will
       | be glad you have a contract that lawyers understand.
       | 
       | 1a. Not being very specific in the scope of work. The scope of
       | work must be referenced in the contract, and you must keep it up
       | to date by adding additional scope as appropriate. In case of
       | confusion or dispute, you can always refer the client back to the
       | discussion you had about the scope of work and remind them that
       | they signed off on it (yes, make them actually sign off on it).
       | 
       | 2. Not collecting a deposit up front. Depending on the size of
       | the client, 50% of the first month's fees in advance might be
       | appropriate. More might be smart, depending on the client. This
       | is also a good qualifying step to filter out clients that only
       | think they can afford your work. You then invoice as normal, with
       | the goal of keeping the amount in retainer constant (FIFO for
       | money). If you don't do this, you will eventually have to eat a
       | $5k or $10k invoice that you need to pay your own bills. Better
       | to use the customer's financial reserves than yours.
       | 
       | 3. Working with very small local clients at all. Working
       | primarily with very small clients is a very risky way to run your
       | business. If you insist, the absolute bare minimum you must do is
       | have a real contract and collect a significant deposit up front.
        
       | TheSpiciestDev wrote:
       | Note: my income has never been dependent on local/small clients
       | (small being <10 employees) such work has always been "extra
       | income" for me or to build relationships with others.
       | 
       | I've fixed bugs for free (if I failed to interpret requirements
       | or made a mistake) but otherwise I would offer change orders for
       | anything outside the agreed scope. Depending on the changes or
       | how they fit into the existing work, these would possibly be
       | discounted or free, especially if they are made early enough.
       | 
       | That said, I've been solid and explicit in the agreed scope. This
       | goes for every project or org/client, don't get me wrong, but
       | I've found this is much more important with smaller orgs/clients.
       | 
       | Otherwise there are a lot of great suggestions already made
       | elsewhere in these threads. I haven't really ever had issues
       | getting paid. I believe having a clear scope and asking
       | clarifying questions also builds a better relationship (which I
       | think contributes to better engagements, reduces other headaches,
       | and leads to referrals!)
        
       | kazz wrote:
       | Lot of good points already, but one that I've learned the hard
       | way is never take on a "family" business as a client. You know
       | the type of company where one brother is the CEO, another brother
       | is the marketing director, random husbands and wives work for the
       | company, etc.
       | 
       | I've never had a relationship with a family business last beyond
       | the scope of the initial project. Things always fall apart
       | because of family infighting, or because every business decision
       | ends up being way too personal/emotional for them. It's never
       | worth the hassle, trust me.
        
         | josefresco wrote:
         | 45% of my clients are family businesses. That's a huge segment
         | of the market to ignore (at your own peril). Family businesses
         | can be great because they can be honest with each other, and
         | move quickly. They can also be insane, but so can normal
         | clients. I've worked with over a hundred family owned, multi-
         | generational businesses.
        
         | geocrasher wrote:
         | +1 to this. The worst ever. I worked as a W2 employee for a
         | company like this and it was the most chaotic 5 months of my
         | career.
        
       | zerkten wrote:
       | The other posts so far cover all the immediate mistakes I've seen
       | first hand. If you can use new tech on these jobs it'll also keep
       | your skills up. If you are banging out similar things with the
       | same tech it can be stagnating.
       | 
       | I'd ask yourself if your goal is to keep working with small
       | clients, or pivot to making products for this audience? It's good
       | experience and satisfying to be doing what you are doing, but it
       | can be limiting over the long-term if you are the one doing all
       | the work with limited reuse. As life changes you may find that
       | it's a struggle to work with small clients and having a product,
       | or something that's largely a product, will help you be able to
       | put things on autopilot.
       | 
       | Good luck!
        
       | honkycat wrote:
       | When I opened a consulting firm, the biggest mistakes we made
       | were always about saying yes instead of no:
       | 
       | 1. Taking on clients who did not have their shit together. They
       | were always high maintenance, never satisfied with the work, and
       | constantly trying to make huge changes.
       | 
       | 2. Taking on work that was beyond our ability to deliver on.
       | 
       | 3. The single biggest mistake we made was partnering with another
       | firm who we let do discover and planning for us. They sent us
       | over a client we were contractually obligated to do development
       | work for, and two screenshots of a "website" and told to "have
       | fun." IT WAS A NIGHTMARE.
       | 
       | We once had a client, after we finished their website, ask: "OK,
       | so now how do I make money off this?" and I was like... dude...
       | that is not our job. That is yours.
       | 
       | Another client had a really ambitious and fun project that
       | included the need to develop 4g connected cameras and computer
       | vision. I voted NO on the project. I felt like we did not have
       | the expertise or the resources to take on the project in a way I
       | felt comfortable with.
       | 
       | My partners disagreed, and I was out-voted. This is what incited
       | me to sell them my share of the company and leave. Honestly I'm
       | not really sure how that project went. Maybe it was fine, who
       | knows.
        
       | xupybd wrote:
       | For small internal tools make sure you understand the business
       | domain. Learn as much as you can about the process you're writing
       | software for. Prioritize error handling over looks.
       | 
       | Set expectations. Small businesses often expect you can do more
       | for less. You're the expert you tell them how long something will
       | take, don't allow them to set the expectation. Breakdown why it
       | will take that sort of time.
       | 
       | Keep all solutions as simple as possible. If you have an internal
       | tool that only one or two administrators use, then chances are
       | you don't need user management. Have one password to secure the
       | app, or make it a desktop app. Maybe you don't need a GUI to
       | report on data, could a monthly report emailed from the system do
       | the same job at half the development time?
       | 
       | The sales team will want reports on everything and can chew lots
       | of time. Chances are management doesn't want this. Try to give
       | data to them in Excel so they can manipulate the data.
        
       | eappleby wrote:
       | Bite your tongue. I have worked with a fair amount of small
       | websites and they can be the most demanding of your time, so it
       | is important to set expectations and boundries, but even when
       | they ask questions or make requests that seem unnecessary, I'd
       | recommend that you do not be flippant or condescending in your
       | replies. When I was first starting my business, I did this one
       | time with a very small client and it led to a small wave of
       | cancellation from other, bigger clients.
        
       | JSeymourATL wrote:
       | Missed opportunity: Not leveraging the work into repeatable,
       | predictable revenue.
       | 
       | The Challenge finding 'Good Clients', the ones who respect and
       | appreciate what you do. The ones who pay well and on-time.
       | 
       | Which is to say, learn how to qualify a good potential client
       | upfront. Don't be afraid to turn down opportunities that don't
       | match-up.
        
       | mathattack wrote:
       | There is a lot to be said about small clients being
       | disproportionately less lucrative than large ones. (Large ones
       | are used to higher rates and additional pay for scope changes)
       | 
       | Getting past that, beyond what's already been eloquently said by
       | others...
       | 
       | 1 - Be explicit in writing about favors. ("I am doing this beyond
       | the contract because...")
       | 
       | 2 - If you turn a personal relationship into a business
       | relationship, you may lose the personal relationship if the
       | business side goes bad.
       | 
       | 3 - Diversify so you can afford to lose any one client.
       | 
       | 4 - Don't be afraid to ask your worth. "Yes, $125/hr is fair,
       | since it's already a discount from the $150/hr that BigCo paid,
       | and I have to fund my benefits and downtime" (Set your rate based
       | on what else you would do with that time rather than by what they
       | claim to be able to afford)
       | 
       | 4.5 - Bump the rate dramatically for small chunks of time.
        
         | tommiegannert wrote:
         | 4.5 sounds similar to just having a high minimum billing
         | period. Over on Reddit, I heard of people using one day as the
         | smallest billing period. To avoid all the small requests.
         | 
         | (I'm not a freelancer, and have no opinions of my own about
         | it.)
        
       | micromacrofoot wrote:
       | Never ever do anything for free. Ever. Once you open that door
       | you are screwed.
        
       | spaetzleesser wrote:
       | My biggest mistake: Doing things for free as a favor because you
       | are reluctant to charge . Even if it feels weird always get paid
       | for your work. Your local plumber or lawyer also don't do things
       | for free. You are running a business and not a friendship.
        
       | eatonphil wrote:
       | I did this for a bit and gave up. While you have a lot of freedom
       | doing this it's just really risky working with small local
       | companies. They are highly sensitive to price. In contrast one of
       | the easiest/chillest ways to contract is to do by-the-hour for
       | small software companies. They are not as sensitive to price
       | because almost any rate you charge them under some amoung (say
       | $150/hr doing 20-30 hours/week) is less than they'd pay for an
       | experienced salaried dev when you include healthcare and all
       | other costs for fulltime employees. And they can drop you
       | whenever and vice versa.
       | 
       | The big challenge I have is breaking into project-based work for
       | good companies. Getting paid by the hour is easy and pays work
       | but is really tiresome. You can't scale your work if you get paid
       | by the hour. The only way to scale is getting paid by the project
       | and taking more projects on (and eventually hiring people).
        
       | Arcanum-XIII wrote:
       | 1. Don't let the customer decide the deadline. 2. Don't accept to
       | work for a fixed fee on code you don't own. It's per day or per
       | week... and no promise. 3. Don't answer the customer outside your
       | open office hour. Put some strict limits about your availability.
       | 4. Rise your fee. As others already wrote here, the smaller the
       | customer, the higher they will feel entitled about your work. 5.
       | Have a written contract. Don't accept close you don't like
       | because "we never use them". 6. Be annoying about the description
       | of the job, and the definition of done.
        
       | josefresco wrote:
       | I was a partner at a local web agency for 7 years. I have been
       | running my own agency for 15 years. I've worked with hundreds of
       | small local clients. I've launched hundreds of websites, small
       | software projects as well as worked with these clients on
       | marketing etc. I will be doing this for at least another 5 years.
       | I'm successful, but I'm not rich. I work with my wife (who
       | probably represents 65% of our revenue - she rocks), I've had
       | employees in the past but currently don't and don't want them.
       | 
       | If you want to chat, drop me an email (email in HN bio)
       | 
       | 1. Don't take on new services outside your wheelhouse just
       | because "you can" which is common in tech.
       | 
       | 2. Don't charge clients using confusing terms.
       | 
       | 3. Get money up front, don't waste your time with people who want
       | work on spec or propose weird payments terms.
       | 
       | 4. Don't hole up and avoid your phone/email.
       | 
       | 5. Don't be inconsistent. Have regular hours, pick up the phone,
       | answer your emails and stick to it! Your local reputation will
       | build and competitors will come and go.
       | 
       | 6. Working with a board of directors or a website "committee" is
       | ALWAYS a nightmare. Price accordingly.
       | 
       | 7. Town/gov projects are a giant pain, but can mean solid
       | recurring revenue.
       | 
       | 8. Don't waste time on huge RFPs. The longer the RFP, the less
       | time I invest!
       | 
       | 9. Be weary of an entrenched local competitor who wants to "help
       | you". I had a "retiring" competitor send me his worst clients and
       | he didn't retire.
       | 
       | 10. If your fees are low, the clients that hire you at that low
       | rate will never accept a higher rate.
       | 
       | 11. F*ck your NDA! Sorry this isn't Reddit, but avoid signing any
       | and all non-disclosure agreements.
       | 
       | 12. Having an office helps. We started at home, and for 6 years
       | worked "virtually". Meeting with local clients was a pain so we
       | got an office. Huge difference in perception. I still like
       | working from home better, but having the space to meet and
       | impress benefits greatly (you can charge more).
       | 
       | Final note: All my clients are business owners. It's really
       | rewarding and enlightening to work with them. I learn so much,
       | and teach them so much. The relationships I've made will last for
       | years/decades. Also, after 21 years I can't wait to... not have
       | clients!!!
        
       | h2odragon wrote:
       | Be clear about the licenses / ownership of code you develop; a
       | small business might not care but they still should. If you're
       | developing _their code_ do it hourly or by contract; if you 're
       | licensing them an instance of _your_ code then you can invest
       | more in it if you feel it worthwhile.
       | 
       | No one is small enough not to need written terms.
        
       | outsidetheparty wrote:
       | The "working with small local clients at all is the mistake" part
       | is already well-covered, so I'll add a secondary rule:
       | 
       | Don't custom-build complicated websites for small local clients.
       | Just don't. Most of them won't be able to maintain it over time -
       | 90% of the time, even if they think they need and can afford your
       | bespoke solution, what they _actually_ need is a simple hosted
       | wix or squarespace instance or equivalent -- it may not look
       | exactly like they imagine, but they'll be able to modify it and
       | improve it and actually keep using it. Your bespoke solution is
       | going to fall apart the first time they tweak something and hit a
       | trivial syntax error they're not equipped to repair.
       | 
       | Scale the complexity of the solution to the capabilities of the
       | client who's paying for it.
        
       | darau1 wrote:
       | "If it isn't in writing, it wasn't said". This is true no matter
       | the size of the client. This is even part of an internal MOU at
       | my current employer lol
        
       | subpixel wrote:
       | The mistake is to work for a small client instead of talking to
       | dozens and building something that suits their needs that can
       | also be sold to thousands via a platform or theme marketplace.
       | 
       | Build storemapper.com not a feature that does the same thing for
       | one or two clients.
        
       | xtiansimon wrote:
       | Treat customers like their time is valuable--keep it short and
       | sweet and to the point. Many small businesses owners are very
       | busy.
        
       | geocrasher wrote:
       | I did web design and hosting for several in the early 2000's back
       | in the web 1.0 days. Don't wait on the customer to meet
       | deadlines. I'd ask the customer to give me something for their
       | 'about us' page, and it would _never_ happen. So I just started
       | writing them myself. It worked out much better.
       | 
       | Also don't leave anything to chance. Lay everything out
       | explicitly. When the work is done, and they agree, then let them
       | know that everything after this point is billable. Sign on it.
       | You _will_ get nickel and dimed to death otherwise!
       | 
       | Lastly: https://theoatmeal.com/comics/design_hell <-- truth.
        
       | Stronico wrote:
       | I've done a fair amount of that - some mistakes I've made -
       | 
       | 1. Not getting money up front
       | 
       | 2. Extending credit
       | 
       | 3. Open ended meetings
       | 
       | 4. Being insufficiently explicit about what is being delivered
       | 
       | 5. Working on a handshake (seldom a problem with big clients
       | actually) - get them to sign something
       | 
       | 6. Not actually meeting in person at least once
       | 
       | 7. Not being clear on who owns the code/technology (if you're
       | going to do more or less the same thing for the person across the
       | street then make sure to let the client know that they are
       | getting a license (or something similar))
       | 
       | 8. Scheduling meetings in their downtime, but your worktime
       | 
       | 9. Not having a template, or even an idea of what a good referral
       | would look like
       | 
       | 10. Having a specified finish line - much more important for the
       | smaller client than the larger ones IME
        
         | SavantIdiot wrote:
         | Let's say I write some JS widgets and want to reuse them on
         | multiple sites. What kind of license do you recommend? It's not
         | open source, but is there a good boilerplate for this kind of
         | thing? Or a question-tree like GitHub's pick an open source
         | license, but for non-open source?
        
           | 1123581321 wrote:
           | Don't mess with licenses. Just keep the copyright with the
           | code in the project. They have your permission to use the
           | widget (implied license, basically), so they're in the clear,
           | but they won't be able to distribute it beyond what you've
           | allowed, legally.
        
           | hogrider wrote:
           | Not an expert, but going back to basics you only license
           | things you own. So if they will retain the IP you don't
           | license anything.
        
         | alex_c wrote:
         | Spot on. Only thing I would add is
         | 
         | 11. Invoice frequently, on schedule, like clockwork. Drop
         | anyone who doesn't pay on time.
         | 
         | 12. If you are doing them any "favours" for any reason
         | (discounts, work you might do but don't charge for), put it on
         | the invoice.
        
           | eatonphil wrote:
           | I didn't understand your point 12 at first but I think you
           | mean that you should always write down in the invoice what
           | you did for free so that the client is always in the loop
           | about all the work you do (whether you bill for it or not).
           | That makes a ton of sense. Easy for humble people to not
           | think of. Better to keep everything in the open.
        
             | alex_c wrote:
             | Yeah, it's about setting and managing expectations. Small
             | favours can help build relationships, discounts can help
             | close a deal, and so on. Less relevant for larger clients,
             | but may be necessary when working with smaller clients.
             | 
             | Writing it down can be the difference between the client
             | thinking "I understand what you did there is a one-off
             | favour and I appreciate it", versus the client taking it
             | for granted as something normal and always expecting it in
             | the future at no cost / discounted cost.
        
             | tedmcory77 wrote:
             | Yes, you don't negotiate from a discount. By putting this
             | on there you're showing that they are already getting a
             | discount; when they ask for more you'll be able to
             | highlight the stuff you've already done for free.
        
             | taxcoder wrote:
             | You can do twice as much work as you bill for, but if you
             | don't somehow show the client it's all for nothing. You get
             | no goodwill, which is typically what businesses are looking
             | for when they do free work. I try to always show any extra
             | work done and what it would have cost on the invoice.
        
             | DarylZero wrote:
             | Put what you did with a price attached. On a separate line
             | put a discount for that much money (with reason for
             | discount if you want). So instead of "what you did for
             | free" it's quantified $X discount.
        
               | ethbr0 wrote:
               | Which is another way of saying "Don't do anything for
               | free" or "There's a big difference between $1 and $0."
               | 
               | If there's a line item you're charging them, and then a
               | credit, it's apparent to everyone that your work has
               | value. If it's just missing... then the value can be
               | forgotten much more easily.
        
             | ksdale wrote:
             | I'm not the parent poster, but I have always found that, to
             | an extent, the more detail you put on the invoice, the
             | better. There are some people who seem absolutely compelled
             | to say "but you only did x" if they only see one thing on
             | the invoice, no matter how involved that one thing is. Next
             | piece of advice is to fire anyone who questions the price
             | (at least more than once maybe...)
        
           | josefresco wrote:
           | > Invoice frequently, on schedule, like clockwork. Drop
           | anyone who doesn't pay on time.
           | 
           | THIS. We bill monthly but sometimes I'll hold a project that
           | isn't complete. BIG MISTAKE and my wife who's the CFO reminds
           | my everytime she "finds" time logged from 6 months ago that
           | was never billed. I'm better now, but the business world
           | works on a schedule, your billing should too!
        
             | alex_c wrote:
             | I will admit it took me an embarrassingly long time to
             | learn this lesson and become disciplined enough to do it.
             | 
             | But it really is better for everyone involved, clients
             | don't like late or unpredictable invoices either!
        
               | josefresco wrote:
               | Detaching emotion from billing is important. Sometimes I
               | would hesitate to bill because of a recent bug or
               | miscommunication. Hug error on my part. Everyone gets
               | billed every month no matter that status of your project.
               | I also will bill some clients EARLY if I'm concerned,
               | they won't pay or will balk.
        
         | electric_mayhem wrote:
         | Pretty much all of this.
        
       | Karawebnetwork wrote:
       | Soft skills are more important than technical skills. Set the
       | tone of the relationship from the beginning. Don't let the client
       | gradually become your boss; chances are they are used to being in
       | a leadership position and you are used to being an employee. This
       | can quickly fester and have a negative effect on the outcome of
       | your project.
        
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