[HN Gopher] The impact of sexual abuse on female development: a ...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       The impact of sexual abuse on female development: a longitudinal
       study
        
       Author : PaulHoule
       Score  : 256 points
       Date   : 2022-01-13 14:14 UTC (8 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov)
        
       | 123abcthrowaway wrote:
        
       | Ozzie_osman wrote:
       | I think I remember reading (maybe in the book WEIRD) that in
       | Western societies, as the "rule of law" spread and as society
       | became more individualistic overall, murders shifted from being
       | between strangers or weak acquaintances (ie a dispute, a robbery,
       | etc) to being intrafamily (ie killing a spouse, parent, etc). Ie
       | 200 years ago, it was unheard of, but now most murders are like
       | that.
       | 
       | Abuse might be different, I couldn't find data (and im guessing
       | that data on abuse would be harder to find than on murders).
        
         | Chris2048 wrote:
         | > 200 years ago, it was unheard of
         | 
         | That doesn't mean it didn't happen - I assume it happened more
         | in the past and just almost never reported.
        
           | winnit wrote:
           | Why would you assume that one type of killing was reported
           | more than another kind? From the evidence I have gathered
           | from primitive societies existing today without conventional
           | legal apparatuses, they find the concept of murder within the
           | society almost unthinkable and have no memory of such events
           | taking place. On the other hand, it is not typically seen as
           | murder to kill an outsider.
        
             | willyt wrote:
             | A lot of old fashioned nursery rhymes and children's
             | stories are about evil step-parents?
        
             | folli wrote:
             | I assume there was (and partially still is) a very strict
             | taboo on intrafamilial murder and abuse. It's very hard to
             | hide a murder nowadays, but just looking at abuse, we know
             | there are a lot of unreported cases even in a modern
             | society. It must have been much worse in more 'primitive'
             | societies.
        
             | Chris2048 wrote:
             | Who would report it? If parent kill their child they are
             | unlikely to, if someone else kills their child they are
             | likely to.
             | 
             | > From the evidence I have gathered from primitive
             | societies
             | 
             | What evidence are you referring to? Also, again
             | "unthinkable" is different from it not happening. In fact,
             | it makes it even more likely to be covered up, if people
             | don't care to investigate, or otherwise want to know.
        
             | ksdale wrote:
             | On the other hand, I think it was common in a lot of places
             | for a long time for families/clans to settle disputes
             | internally - if someone was killed and everyone agreed it
             | was justice, then it wouldn't end up reported/remarkable.
             | This is probably the category that most intrafamily
             | disputes would fall into.
        
             | bluGill wrote:
             | I would assume that it happened but was passed off as an
             | accident and not murder. That is a man runs crying to town
             | "my wife is dead!", cries at the funeral, and gets
             | community support as a man grieving his wife - she is dead
             | because he poisoned her, or ensured she would get hit by
             | those falling rocks that look like an accident, but if you
             | don't have modern investigation you have no way of knowing
             | that. (it can go the other way too of course)
             | 
             | There are lots of ways to kill. Some will be investigated
             | more than others.
        
           | heresie-dabord wrote:
           | Also, during this period, the population moved from rural
           | dwellings to cities, where there are (usually) more jobs and
           | more written rules and policing.
           | 
           | But note that in the period in question, the human population
           | has increased by a factor of 7.[0]
           | 
           | The population of the planet has more than doubled since
           | 1970.[0]
           | 
           | More people in cities. And more voices, more disagreements,
           | and more misfortunes to report.
           | 
           | [0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_population#Past_popul
           | ati...
        
         | lr4444lr wrote:
         | Murders we tracked, or murders committed? Without the rule of
         | law, perhaps scores were settled in ad hoc village or clan
         | courts without reporting to the outside world.
        
         | cafard wrote:
         | Isn't intrafamily killing more or less a staple of ancient
         | literature? Cain/Abel, Romulus/Remus, Clytemnestra/Agamemnon,
         | etc.
         | 
         | There is quite a high local murder rate at the moment, but most
         | of that seems to result from drug-business disputes, or simply
         | the availability of firearms to settle neighborhood disputes.
        
           | archy_ wrote:
           | It was. Every time I hear people grumble about criminals
           | walking free (which, admittedly, is infuriating) and that we
           | should be allowed to settle things "like we used to", I think
           | back to how disputes between families could be so bitter that
           | you might not even be able to leave your own home. And these
           | disputes could last for generations.
           | 
           | Rule of law certainly has its benefits.
        
           | Turing_Machine wrote:
           | Under Roman law, the paterfamilias (i.e., the eldest adult
           | male of the extended family) had the right to kill any other
           | family member, at his pleasure. He could also control who (or
           | even if) they married, sell them into slavery, etc.
        
             | morsch wrote:
             | "Over time, the absolute authority of the pater familias
             | weakened, and rights that theoretically existed were no
             | longer enforced or insisted upon. The power over life and
             | death was abolished, the right of punishment was moderated
             | and the sale of children was restricted to cases of extreme
             | necessity. Under Emperor Hadrian, a father who killed his
             | son was stripped of both his citizenship and all its
             | attendant rights, had his property confiscated and was
             | permanently exiled."
             | 
             | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pater_familias
        
               | Turing_Machine wrote:
               | Yeah, it obviously changed over time, and is no longer in
               | effect today.
               | 
               | Hadrian was quite late in Roman history, far closer to
               | its collapse than its founding.
        
               | tome wrote:
               | > far closer to its collapse than its founding
               | 
               | Sorry, this isn't really an important point, but I found
               | it quite implausible so I checked. Hadrian ruled until
               | 165 years after the founding of Rome. It continued for
               | another 257 years.
               | 
               | Roman empire: 27 BC - AD 395 (as a unified entity)
               | 
               | Hadrian: was Roman emperor from 117 to 138
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadrian
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Empire
        
               | int_19h wrote:
               | Roman Empire was a direct continuation of the Roman
               | Republic (indeed, for most people living at the time,
               | they didn't even perceive it as a breaking point). It's
               | certainly not a valid date for the "founding of Rome".
        
               | morsch wrote:
               | German Wikipedia refers to this authority as "closely
               | watched" for abuse by public officials; there being
               | reports of such abuse, but only a few of them; and it
               | being a "mostly symbolic" right. There are fifteen cases
               | of killings known to us, and in almost all of them, the
               | punishment would also have been due to other legal
               | constructs.
               | 
               | None of this contradicts anything you said, I'm just
               | adding some context. Roman heads of family obviously
               | weren't habitually killing relatives all the time.
               | 
               | https://de.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patria_Potestas
        
       | agumonkey wrote:
       | If anybody knows studies on the neurological impact of sexual
       | abuse very early on, feel free to spam me :)
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | known wrote:
        
       | derbOac wrote:
       | Study of this topic is critical, but designs of this sort are
       | useless without biometric controls (for example, twin or family
       | or genomewide marker controls).
        
         | SuoDuanDao wrote:
         | Does this objection require that there be markers that
         | predispose someone towards being a survivor of sexual assault?
         | There probably are, but I'm sure that's not politic to say.
        
           | derbOac wrote:
           | So I'm being downvoted, which I expected because of the
           | subject matter, but I've done research in this area and many
           | of the correlates they talk about are associated with
           | familial and other ecological factors that tend to cluster
           | very locally.
           | 
           | I don't even personally believe that sexual abuse is _not_
           | associated with the things they claim, but statistically
           | speaking, you have many of these things clustering together
           | (sexual abuse, pubertal acceleration, psychiatric
           | challenges), and controlling for things in the way they did
           | is grossly insufficient. A lot of this stuff is very
           | broadband.
           | 
           | Let's say you have some stressors from the environment
           | (impoverishment, heavy metals, pesticide exposure, whatever
           | it is). Controlling for demographic and socioeconomic factors
           | will help address this, but the only way to do it
           | convincingly is to look at these variables within-family,
           | preferably controlling for genetic relatedness as well.
           | Otherwise something like, say, chemical exposure is likely to
           | affect children as well as the adults around them in a way
           | that might be specific to a certain household.
           | 
           | Not being very precise in your designs does as much damage to
           | isolating confounding environmental causes and effects of
           | sexual abuse per se as anything else.
        
             | vivekd wrote:
             | I would agree with you. They did control for some factors,
             | and that seemed to be the point of the study, but my first
             | reaction to it was it seems like the controls they used
             | seemed insufficent. It is a shame you were being downvoted
             | - I expect that from other places but not from hacker news.
        
       | blunte wrote:
       | Am I misunderstanding this, or is there a word missing from a key
       | sentence in the abstract?
       | 
       | "There was also a pattern of considerable within group
       | variability."
       | 
       | How does this get published with an obvious mistake in the
       | abstract?
        
         | pdonis wrote:
         | "Within group variability" is a term of art in statistics.
         | Someone not well versed in the jargon would probably write the
         | sentence as "There was also a pattern of considerable
         | variability within the groups studied."
        
         | kwantam wrote:
         | It's not wrong per se, but it _is_ poorly written:  "within-
         | group variability" is preferred (by most style manuals) because
         | the hyphen makes clear that "within" modifies "group".
        
         | zaroth wrote:
         | Read it this way;
         | 
         | There was also a pattern of considerable within-group
         | variability.
        
           | blunte wrote:
           | Thank you. Now I finally get it. That hyphen makes a big
           | difference.
        
       | jl6 wrote:
       | Violence against women and girls is endemic, and the scale is
       | shocking. We must do everything possible to promote safeguarding
       | and protect womens spaces.
        
       | ejiwgnalsocn wrote:
       | [trigger warning]
       | 
       | I'm a woman. I was physically and sexually abused by my father as
       | a child. The impact it's had on me is painful to describe. I was
       | working as a software engineer in the tech industry and was
       | constantly experiencing PTSD symptoms being surrounded by men --
       | though by no fault of their own, it was totally because of what
       | my father did to me.
       | 
       | It's been a frustrating journey. The sexual abuse happened to me
       | at such a young age that I didn't realize until now, in my 30s,
       | that I was molested. I feel completely robbed of my life -- to
       | feel constant panic, anxiety, and depression for no fault of my
       | own. It's been an expensive journey of therapy and various
       | treatments to try to reach a stabilizing baseline. It's been an
       | embarrassing journey -- as a software engineer, I am extremely
       | competent. I just cannot work with men, apparently..
       | 
       | I'm glad studies like this are coming out to validate experiences
       | of fellow incest survivors. A book instrumental in my
       | understanding and healing also: _The Body Keeps Score_.
       | 
       | Thanks to whomever read this. I wrote it mostly to experience
       | sharing my story publicly, and reducing to myself the shame that
       | exists of being a child abuse survivor.
        
         | loceng wrote:
         | I was drugged unconscious by a gay man in my early 20s, and
         | "thankfully" I became conscious at the beginning of whatever he
         | had planned; it took me months to even realize something had
         | happened due to whatever drug he dosed me with fucked up my
         | memory.
         | 
         | I had used MDMA recreationally years later and I knew that had
         | helped my PTSD some, but it was only when I did a session years
         | later in a therapeutic setting, just myself and the
         | facilitator, was I able to fully connect to, sit with, and
         | process what happened to me; literally the stimuli of what I
         | would/should have felt then was able to process - as if it was
         | stuck, once processed allowing my body to no longer think it
         | was in that situation (so heightened stress state, heightened
         | baseline stress reduced greatly).
         | 
         | MAPS.org (Multi-Disciplinary Association of Psychedelic
         | Studies) relatively recently did clinical trials with 100
         | treatment resistant participants, to treat veterans with MDMA-
         | assisted psychotherapy. They had an average of 17.5 years of
         | treatment resistant PTSD. After 1 year, 80% of the placebo
         | group had no improvement, 20% had some. With just 2-3 sessions
         | where MDMA was given, after just 1 year, 80% of participants no
         | longer qualified for PTSD diagnoses - and 20% had some or none
         | - a complete reversal. From my experience it's true - it just
         | allows you to connect to overwhelming/overriding stress that
         | short-circuits your system, allows it to flow and essentially
         | melt away - though it can take talking about it to put the
         | experience into words, to process it, to help by breathing
         | through it, etc.
         | 
         | All this to say that even if you have ever done MDMA
         | recreationally, e.g. gone out dancing with a partner or
         | friends, I'd recommend anyone who hasn't done it in a different
         | context, a "safer" or quieter/therapeutic environment, where
         | you're not using music and other people to distract from
         | yourself - then I'd recommend people look into doing it; there
         | will slowly be legal clinics opening up, though I've not kept
         | track of who's leading that at the moment or where the progress
         | is. E.g. there may be more depth to the experiences that you'll
         | be able to process with the help of MDMA causing more serotonin
         | to release at once than it can on its own, and the only way to
         | know is to try.
        
           | bena wrote:
           | I just listened to a podcast where they were talking about
           | this. And that's pretty much what they said.
           | 
           | Basically MDMA and/or psilocybin allow you to essentially
           | disassociate from the the emotions of the event. You're able
           | to talk about and work through the events without also being
           | overwhelmed by the emotions of the event.
           | 
           | But yeah, it's not just popping shrooms or pills and you're
           | magically healed. It's about being in that setting with
           | someone who can therapeutically work you through the trauma.
           | You still need to do the work, but MDMA and/or psilocybin can
           | greatly facilitate the process.
        
         | cjaro wrote:
         | The Body Keeps the Score is honestly a must-read, but it can be
         | deeply challenging. Reading that book helped me uncover even
         | more childhood trauma that I wasn't really actively processing
         | or recognizing as abuse until then. So it was an extra
         | challenge on top of the trauma I was already dealing with.
         | 
         | And for what it's worth, I also am a SWE, and I also struggle
         | working around men. 90% of the time, the men I work with are
         | awesome, supportive, nice, etc. But the trauma informs that 10%
         | where I feel invalid, not seen, objectified... all that fun
         | stuff. It's challenging and I don't think trauma has ever been
         | brought up as a challenge in the workplace when there's no
         | trauma directly _in_ the workplace, if that makes sense. I
         | certainly haven 't directly connected it before this.
        
         | willchang wrote:
         | As a man, is there anything I can do or avoid doing in the
         | workplace to make it easier for coworkers like you? Let's
         | assume I don't know and don't suspect anything specific about
         | my coworkers. I just want to know if there's anything that
         | would be pretty easy to implement, that would make a
         | difference.
        
           | SamoyedFurFluff wrote:
           | Ensure that there is more than one woman around in your
           | company. Ensure your workplace policies are friendly and
           | flexible for people who need mental health days, address
           | family time, get pregnant, need sanitary equipment, parent
           | children or other dependents, etc. Ensure all the women at
           | your company have opportunities to work with and have women
           | co workers, or women friendly gatherings like lunches, and be
           | open to feedback to change policy accordingly once you have
           | enough women coming together during their talks that they can
           | suggest changes collectively.
           | 
           | Being the sole woman in a company of men when means your
           | superiors are men, your peers are men, and the only recourse
           | you may have if any of them act inappropriately towards you
           | is to report it to another man.
           | 
           | Edit: respect boundaries and consistently remind that if they
           | have a boundary they are free to enforce and you will respect
           | that. Boundaries come in the form of more than "please don't
           | x". They are also "I prefer x" or "can we y".
        
             | zozbot234 wrote:
             | > consistently remind that if they have a boundary they are
             | free to enforce and you will respect that.
             | 
             | The clearest and most effective way of doing this is to
             | proactively _establish_ and _propose_ safe boundaries for
             | the other person 's benefit. This is the underlying dynamic
             | behind many rules-of-thumb of ordinary courtesy and
             | politeness (often wrongly dismissed as some sort of
             | useless, obsolete 'traditionalism'). Not everyone is so
             | assertive and comfortable with themselves that they should
             | be expected to verbalize their boundaries to you, or even
             | to understand them proactively.
        
           | zozbot234 wrote:
           | Mike Pence rule. Don't _ever_ be alone with a vulnerable
           | person without a neutral third party being present, it wreaks
           | havoc on the threat-detection instinct. As the saying goes,
           | "you're not paranoid if someone _really_ is out to get you. "
        
             | deanCommie wrote:
             | Shocking that this is getting upvotes.
             | 
             | The only way to treat this as gospel is to never be present
             | with another woman alone.
             | 
             | That the tech industry is so inept with opposite gender
             | interactions that they have adopted tactics from religious
             | zealot evangelicals is APALLING.
             | 
             | Treat people as humans. Regardless of gender or sexuality.
        
               | tasha0663 wrote:
               | As much as it sounds like an overreacting CYA tactic, it
               | does at least have the side effect of creating safe
               | spaces.
               | 
               | I might find the intentions dubious, but I can't argue
               | with the results.
        
               | lotsofpulp wrote:
               | Ironically, the tech industry has provided an alternative
               | solution - cameras recording everything everywhere. Dash
               | cams to provide proof of what happened in collisions,
               | workplace cameras to reduce liability for employers and
               | also helps protect employees, home cameras also for
               | liability reduction as well as protection against police
               | lying about what happened...etc.
        
               | jhgb wrote:
               | Costs vs. benefits and all. It's hardly unreasonable if
               | you're risk-averse.
        
               | tomp wrote:
               | The whole premise of the workplace is to _not_ treat
               | people as humans, but as coworkers.
               | 
               | Sex is one of the most essentially human things.
               | "Professional" behaviour excludes sex.
               | 
               | So "treat people as humans" is decisively _not_ clear
               | advice for cases like this.
        
               | tremon wrote:
               | That's a very dehumanizing statement to me. I would never
               | want to work at a place that doesn't treat its employees
               | as humans. That doesn't mean I condone sex at the
               | workplace, but I would not accept to be treated as less
               | than a full human being.
               | 
               | Humans are not automata, and I don't aspire to be one,
               | not even for "just" 8 hours a day.
        
               | deanCommie wrote:
               | The way you are expected to interact with humans in the
               | VAST MAJORITY of situations is closer to how you are
               | expected to interact with coworkers in a professional
               | setting, than to a speed dating event or a crowded bar
               | after midnight.
               | 
               | We're not having orgies in the street. In modern society
               | you are expected to treat humans in the vast majority of
               | situations without "sex" being relevant to the topic of
               | discussion, whether it's on the street, in the grocery
               | store, on the tram, or in the library.
               | 
               | Acting like this is not clear feels like an exercise in
               | pedantic loophole seeking to justify sexual harassment.
               | ("How are people even supposed to meet each other if I'm
               | not allowed to <blank> to women in <blank>?")
        
               | tomp wrote:
               | False dichotomies galore.
               | 
               | First of all, the "VAST MAJORITY" of human interactions
               | are irrelevant (cashier, bank clerk, passing people on
               | the street). Given how much time you spend with
               | coworkers, they'd qualify as friends, or acquaintances at
               | least.
               | 
               | Also, there's a large gap between "professional
               | behaviour" and "orgies in the street" or "sexual
               | harassment". For example, I don't mind talking about
               | menstruation or condoms with friends (who I'm _not_
               | having sex with, nor have /would I ever try) but I don't
               | think those would be appropriate topics for most
               | workplace situations.
        
               | vorpalhex wrote:
               | Your life must be quite different from mine. My casual
               | conversations with my friend group - who are 20s and 30s
               | liberals, mixed gender - are not office appropriate. I
               | would certainly not bring any of the regular political
               | debates into work either.
               | 
               | The amount of sex related conversation in my friend group
               | is, from my perspective, normal but entirely
               | inappropriate for work. Even my female barber talks about
               | her sex life during haircuts.
               | 
               | At work I keep my sarcasm set to near zero, avoid
               | politics, religion, and sex, and generally keep a narrow
               | focus. Work is an artificial environment, but my
               | coworkers don't get to choose me. It is on me to behave
               | in a way that is beyond reproach.
        
               | golemiprague wrote:
        
             | Mezzie wrote:
             | He asked how to make things easier for his vulnerable
             | coworkers, not how to cover his ass.
             | 
             | Honestly, my suggestion would be to be open about your own
             | experiences and the impact they've had on you. (Not
             | necessarily abuse, but just offhand comments like 'oh, it's
             | silly but I can't stand yelling because my dad yelled a
             | lot' or 'I don't drink because my family's had issues with
             | it', etc.) Be open and clear that a.) you don't judge
             | people for being 'weird' and b.) you accept things other
             | people need even if you don't need them.
             | 
             | Don't be overly emotional about it. Just accept their human
             | needs in the same way you would if a coworker had a
             | disability. Oh, that person needs more space between us?
             | Alright. Not any different than a hard of hearing coworker
             | who needs me to speak up a bit, or a visually impaired
             | coworker who uses zoom on their computer.
             | 
             | My saying, "Hey, I have a bit of anxiety so I'm going to
             | gather myself for a moment; do you think you could step
             | back and give me some space and we could try to pitch this
             | conversation a bit quieter?" shouldn't be much different
             | than my needing a stepstool. I'm short. It happens.
             | 
             | If you treat the people around you as individuals, then
             | people understand they can ask you for what they need.
        
               | zozbot234 wrote:
               | > Honestly, my suggestion would be to be open about your
               | own experiences and the impact they've had on you.
               | 
               | I'd imagine that many people would disagree with this.
               | Dwelling on people's supposed 'weirdness' is not a
               | healthy attitude (least of all when the 'weirdness' is
               | our own) and would not be seen as "open" or "accepting"
               | by many, but more of a signal of entitlement. If you
               | think that the other person would benefit from something,
               | just behave accordingly without dwelling on it, and
               | people will hopefully realize that they can ask you for
               | these things with no fuss.
        
             | sp332 wrote:
             | This can disadvantage those people in other ways though.
             | Just trying to get work done, it helps to be able to drop
             | into someone's office without arranging for a chaperone. Or
             | stopping by somewhere without checking the number and
             | gender of people who will be there ahead of time.
        
               | bzbarsky wrote:
               | One principled solution would be to apply the rule to
               | everyone you interact with.
               | 
               | In practice that's likely quite difficult.
        
               | ars wrote:
               | > it helps to be able to drop into someone's office
               | without arranging for a chaperone.
               | 
               | You can leave the door to the office open at all times.
               | Or use a glass wall or door so people can see in, but
               | maybe not overhear.
        
             | Syonyk wrote:
             | Billy Graham was the originator of the concept in his
             | ministry [0].
             | 
             | Not only does it help prevent things from happening that
             | could be a problem later, it helps prevent even accusations
             | of such, if it's well known that the person involved holds
             | to this rule and expects others to hold them to it as well.
             | Say what you will about Pence, love him or hate him, nobody
             | is accusing him of sexual misconduct - and that's the point
             | of the rule.
             | 
             | [0]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billy_Graham_rule
        
               | ars wrote:
               | It's much much much older than that, see:
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yichud
               | 
               | It doesn't prevent abuse by a close family member though.
        
               | Syonyk wrote:
               | Interesting, I'd assumed there was history before Graham
               | (it's an obvious enough thing), but wasn't aware of the
               | details. Thanks!
        
           | bittercynic wrote:
           | Fellow man, here, but I think I have something of value to
           | add:
           | 
           | Learning to be open and friendly, and developing a sense for
           | when someone doesn't want to talk to me has been an important
           | part of growing up. I try to identify signals that a person
           | wants to end their interaction with me, and respect their
           | wishes immediately and in a friendly way.
        
             | zozbot234 wrote:
             | Being "open and friendly" is no good when someone literally
             | has shell shock(!) (aka PTSD) from interacting with people
             | like you. You'll need to behave in such a way as to
             | demonstrate to them that they can _intuitively_ and
             | _securely_ trust you not to be an immediate physical
             | threat, nor to pose any in the foreseeable future.
             | 
             | The quick rule-of-thumb is to be courteous and respectful
             | but also establish _very_ firm physical boundaries, even
             | erring towards being _less_ friendly as opposed to more.
             | You also need to _proactively_ signal that you will stop
             | interacting with them at the slightest sign of their
             | discomfort; keeping interactions short and to the point is
             | an obvious way to do this, even though this outwardly looks
             | "rude" and "unfriendly"!
        
               | Mezzie wrote:
               | Developmentally caused PTSD and shell-shock/war/later
               | event PTSD have some differences.
               | 
               | For instance, those of us with developmentally-caused
               | trauma often view _every_ person as a threat, because we
               | were abused by our caregivers. (In my case, my mother.)
               | This is because we need our abusers to survive, so we 're
               | used to abuse being a necessary part of life and
               | something that can happen at any time/during mundane
               | interactions. We don't feel like _anyone_ is safe. The
               | only person my nervous system trusts is my baby sister.
               | Trying to get me to recognize you as safe isn 't going to
               | work, because nobody is safe to me.
               | 
               | I realize that not everybody is a danger and my feelings
               | are the result of my failing the parental lottery and not
               | a commentary on every person I meet, which means it's my
               | responsibility/job to retrain/calibrate my 'who is safe'
               | sensors. It just takes practice and some patience
               | sometimes.
               | 
               | People refusing to interact with me because they have
               | different genitals than me isn't going to help,
               | especially when most of my hobbies are male-dominated. It
               | just conveys 'Ha, you're not a proper girl, so you don't
               | deserve friends. Go learn to like clothes and boys if you
               | want to hang out with people'.
               | 
               | Now, if _you 've_ been burned in the past by people using
               | their mental illnesses to blame you for not understanding
               | social cues, or had that used against you in the past,
               | and you don't feel comfortable in mixed-sex interactions,
               | that's fine, but that's a need of YOURS, not the women.
        
               | zozbot234 wrote:
               | > Trying to get me to recognize you as safe isn't going
               | to work, because nobody is safe to me.
               | 
               | This makes plenty of sense, but then I'm not sure why
               | you're expecting others to be _physically friendly_ with
               | you. Having a  "friendly" interaction with someone
               | generally presupposes some degree of physical quasi-
               | intimacy that would seem to be quite incompatible with
               | "not feeling like _anyone_ is safe " to be around. This
               | doesn't mean you can't be friendly in many other ways of
               | course, but these interactions will nonetheless be quite
               | different from what folks might otherwise expect.
        
               | Mezzie wrote:
               | This is very interesting to me because this might be a
               | huge sex socialization difference: I'm friendly,
               | including physically, with people I would rather not be
               | at least occasionally.
               | 
               | There's a couple of reasons for this:
               | 
               | 1.) If you're a young, small, female, people will be in
               | your space whether you want them there or not. Keeping it
               | "friendly" makes sure that it doesn't turn violent.
               | (Note: This isn't just from men: My go to example of a
               | person disrespecting my space was a woman in undergrad
               | who, upon meeting me for the first time, picked me up
               | because I was so small and 'cute' to her.) Luckily, I'm
               | over 30 and an old hag now! 10/10 do recommend. V.
               | helpful!
               | 
               | 2.) As a female, I'm expected/allowed to offer comfort to
               | people, and that includes physically, so I'll do things
               | like hug my friends when they're sad if they like hugs
               | because I still want to support them even if I have PTSD.
               | Or I hug and take care of my little sister because I know
               | touch is important for her mental health and I value
               | that. I also occasionally offer childcare/ have nieces
               | and nephews or am in gatherings with children, and they
               | touch.
               | 
               | I generally let people, and people know that I/Aunt
               | Mezzie needs some quiet sometimes.
               | 
               | I also have MS and malfunctioning nerves; I view them
               | similarly. "Wow, my brain has a lesion and now I can't
               | feel my feet what." and "Wow, I'm traumatized and now I
               | can't relax around people I like what."
        
               | zozbot234 wrote:
               | > If you're a young, small, female, people will be in
               | your space whether you want them there or not.
               | 
               | It's precisely when you're "young, small" etc. that this
               | is _not_ OK. These people are not being  "friendly" to
               | you, they should know better. And you're quite free to
               | remove yourself physically from the interaction if they
               | keep invading your boundaries.
               | 
               | > so I'll do things like hug my friends when they're sad
               | 
               | At least then you're initiating and thus controlling the
               | interaction, with an acquaintance who's OK with it. It's
               | not anything that you should be _forced_ to do, but
               | having one 's boundaries be actively transgressed upon
               | would likely be more stressful.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | nmhancoc wrote:
         | Hey just wanted to say thanks for sharing your story. Not that
         | you owe it to anyone, but I hope the public presence of people
         | working through these issues will help the next generation of
         | survivors to have a more easily found path forward.
        
         | wnolens wrote:
         | Thanks for sharing. It really does make a difference.
         | 
         | Most people's guess as to the rate of occurrence of this kind
         | of abuse would be off by an order of magnitude or more.
         | 
         | In the past 5 years I've become privy to so many dark
         | experiences of close female friends and family. What used to be
         | an outlier experience is now almost.. common? More than one
         | woman I've dated has had to preface intimacy with a harrowing
         | experience. It's been hard for me to deal with this knowledge
         | about people I love, but nevertheless is the truth and must be
         | told.
         | 
         | Take care. I hope the remote work world has helped.
        
         | MaysonL wrote:
         | A former colleague and lover of mine was abused at home as a
         | teen, and got married quite young in order to escape the
         | situation. She did manage to have a quite successful career,
         | ending in the C-suite at a major company.
        
         | Mezzie wrote:
         | I'm also a woman in my 30s, and you're not the only one.
         | 
         | My PTSD isn't sexually related (I was neglected +
         | emotionally/physically abused, but not sexually), but working
         | was so difficult for me until I got my current, WFH job. I
         | didn't realize how much being in a state of constant physical
         | distress was taking a toll on my wellbeing. It's _exhausting_ ,
         | and I wish you all the best.
        
       | fullstop wrote:
       | I'm interested in this, but find it very difficult to read
       | because of the topic.
        
         | tomcam wrote:
         | Yep. Gift that keeps on giving. Was gotten to myself as a kid
         | and 50+ years on it's still hard to read this kind of thing
        
           | fullstop wrote:
           | My freshman biology teacher was extradited to Australia and
           | jailed for this, although I did not suffer any abuse. The
           | church knew of his behavior and moved him around rather than
           | dealing with the problem, and this definitely clouds my view
           | of the Catholic church. Given the topic, their entire
           | organization is a patriarchy.
           | 
           | It's hard for me to read because it is difficult to picture
           | these girls being abused, knowing that my wife and daughters
           | could very likely have to deal with this during their
           | lifetime. It's just depressing.
        
             | tomcam wrote:
             | > my wife and daughters
             | 
             | yeah exactly
        
             | datavirtue wrote:
             | All institutions protect themselves first. Jehovah's
             | witnesses have strict rules that forbid warning a new
             | congregation if an abuser gets thrown out and moves onto
             | another. They will not contact authorities nor will they
             | warn anyone else as they ship them off to another region
             | for a fresh start.
             | 
             | It was/is an abusers' paradise. All numbers of criminals
             | mask themselves in piety because it is easy to gain
             | acceptance because the existing adherents are literally
             | mandated to accept/forgive all new people who are "seeking
             | the truth."
             | 
             | I have seen the same thing happen in numerous
             | organizations. The Catholic church is the tip of the ice
             | berg.
        
       | PaulHoule wrote:
       | There are many men who suffer through sexless marriages for 20,
       | 30 years or more because their partner was victimized as a child.
       | (I'd assume that some women also have similar problems because
       | their man was abused.)
       | 
       | Such a man can work really hard to please and love a woman and
       | try to create feelings of safety. They might blame themselves,
       | thinking that it's because of that argument they had this
       | morning, or yesterday, or last week, or two years ago, or the
       | time the bed collapsed when they were having sex 25 years ago.
       | But no, the woman doesn't feel safe because of something that
       | happened 40 years ago that didn't have anything to do with them.
       | The need for safety is a bottomless pit. Maybe the woman sees
       | that the man is trying really hard and fakes a response but it's
       | not real and the man sees that and it never blossoms into real
       | mutual satisfaction.
       | 
       | It' s completely frustrating because the woman has adjusted well
       | to being asexual. Perhaps she could struggle through three years
       | of therapy to attempt to change, but it is unlikely to be
       | effective because she's not doing it for herself. The man, on the
       | other hand, might be willing to plumb the depths of hell or storm
       | the gates of heaven to change things but it's pushing on a
       | string.
       | 
       | (If the man has been traumatized by child bullying and subsequent
       | sexual invisibility, rejection and being shut out from dating in
       | high school they can be re-traumatized continuously by this
       | demonstration that they are unlovable.)
       | 
       | I was reading about how the actor Danny Masterson had drugged and
       | raped women, stealing their sexuality not just from them but from
       | their partners. Thus a single act of abuse affects not just the
       | direct victim but their lovers, their children, and many others
       | in the community.
       | 
       | In the past two years we've seen a normalization of doing things
       | over video and there has been an explosion in things like
       | camgirling and OnlyFans -- many of the performers are people who
       | had their sexuality distorted by abuse and I'm sure than many of
       | the men who become victims of it (paying $1000 for a jar of
       | farts, spending $80 for an Aella video) have themselves been
       | victimized ) or are suffering because their partner or potential
       | partners were abused.
        
         | greenonions wrote:
         | It seems rather insensitive to ruminate on future men's loss of
         | sex because of sexual abuse.
         | 
         | Perhaps the men in these sexless relationships should analyze
         | if they are capable of sustaining this relationship,
         | considering sex is so important to them and they are not
         | receiving it.
         | 
         | This entire comment does not consider the women's suffering and
         | loss in any capacity due to abuse. Maybe it is the case that a
         | similar complete lack of consideration is present in the
         | perpetrators of abuse.
        
           | PaulHoule wrote:
           | It's not in the "future", it is a lived reality of many men
           | and women today because of something that happened in the
           | past.
           | 
           | Some women can be high functioning in every other aspect of
           | their life and be rather well adjusted to being asexual.
           | 
           | In theory a woman could benefit from several years of therapy
           | and hard inner work but it is going be much less fruitful if
           | they are doing it because of somebody else.
           | 
           | A man can be completely dedicated and loving towards a woman
           | who isn't responsive, want to grow old with them, be giving
           | love in many ways and be very willing to give more and very
           | motivated to work towards change but face the reality that
           | anything they do is "pushing on a string"
           | 
           | It's a cruel reality that Aella's sexuality is worth $103,000
           | a month but that a man's sexuality is worth negative. A man
           | who comes clean in public about their experiences and
           | feelings inevitably attracts insensitive comments and abuse
           | simply because of their gender. It is one of the many double
           | binds that we face that we're told on one hand that we're
           | supposed to open up emotionally but we get consistently
           | punished when we do so.
        
           | 908B64B197 wrote:
           | > It seems rather insensitive to ruminate on future men's
           | loss of sex because of sexual abuse. > This entire comment
           | does not consider the women's suffering and loss in any
           | capacity due to abuse.
           | 
           | It doesn't indeed.
           | 
           | Because pain isn't a zero-sum game. At a funeral, the grief
           | of a friend doesn't take anything away from the grief of the
           | widow.
        
           | pessimizer wrote:
           | I disagree. If the men are doing what you suggest, and find
           | that they _aren 't_ capable of committing to a sexless
           | lifetime and leave, that's even more misery heaped on the
           | victim of abuse.
           | 
           | Pretending like one pain cancels another out is
           | counterproductive. Pain causing pain doesn't just stop there,
           | it's nonlinear.
           | 
           | Also suggesting that someone is basically an abuser for
           | mentioning the pain of the families of abused people is more
           | than counterproductive, it's gross.
        
             | PaulHoule wrote:
             | I posted this article and it's an issue I became aware of
             | because of my personal connection. I know it is a lot
             | bigger than the suffering I've felt.
             | 
             | Although I think the experience of ordinary men is
             | invisible and often systematically erased (such as by
             | people like the one you are replying to) I am not going to
             | say that the paper omits the impact that sexual abuse has
             | on partners because the kind of longitudinal study that
             | paper is doing is stupendously difficult. (Read it and
             | they'll tell you why!)
             | 
             | Anything that hurts one person's mental health has an
             | extended effect on the community. If a sexual abuse victim
             | flakes out at work because of mental health issues that
             | hurts their employer. She might well cause suffering to her
             | female friends. I've also seen that a woman's ability to
             | enjoy pleasure in her own body or with other woman as a
             | lesbian can also be impaired because of sexual abuse.
             | 
             | A study like that can only scratch at the surface of what a
             | crime like that does to society as a whole.
        
               | greenonions wrote:
               | Indeed the suffering from abuse can reach everyone around
               | them. And the suffering of partners is very real, as a
               | loving intimate relationship is one of life's great joys.
               | 
               | I suppose that I was struck by the above comment mostly
               | because it is so focused on the suffering of abused
               | women's partners as to be jarring in the context of the
               | OP. These sensibilities are my own however, and I should
               | not judge so hastily
        
             | greenonions wrote:
             | #1 My point is not to suggest that men should leave, but to
             | recognize that they actually value the relationship more
             | than sex. From this standpoint, I would hope, they can use
             | this foundation to build an intimidate relationship for
             | themselves and partners. #2 This is true. #3 I did not
             | intend to insinuate that poster is also an abuser, though
             | clearly from my post there is, which poster did not
             | deserve.
        
           | Der_Einzige wrote:
           | Dudes who leave sexless marriages are really hurting their
           | partner financially, emotionally, and mentally, so the idea
           | that doing this is not "considering the woman" is asinine.
        
             | PaulHoule wrote:
             | I'm not naturally inclined to say good things about Focus
             | on the Family and Christian therapists but after 20 years
             | of suffering with this I came across a YouTube video by a
             | Christian therapist who said point blank that if you are
             | suffering in a sexless marriage almost certainly your
             | partner was a victim of abuse.
             | 
             | I spoke to my wife about this one sleepless night and she
             | said "well, are you really ready to hear about it?"
             | 
             | Conventional therapists do the ordinary thing they do with
             | a high failure rate. So often I see couples who are acting
             | really cute doing the things they were told to do in
             | couples therapy then I come around a few months they are
             | depressed and I can swear I can smell a dead rat somewhere
             | in the apartment. Next time I hear they broke up.
             | 
             | Conventional therapists think that is par for the course.
             | Christian therapists think that means the devil wins and
             | they see it as a personal failure, so they try harder.
             | 
             | I know nothing about the person who you are replying to but
             | I can only image she's part of a throwaway culture were it
             | is normal to abandon people because they aren't meeting
             | your needs at this very moment and I have no idea if she's
             | experienced the kind of deep attachment to another person
             | that is possible, or that a mature person can be deeply
             | frustrated in a situation but also be 100% committed to
             | their family. As much as I've been angry and sad,
             | understanding this situation has only deepened my
             | relationship and increased my commitment even though I am
             | planning to take actions that the Christian therapists
             | would completely disapprove of.
        
           | PaulHoule wrote:
           | I don't know where you get that.
           | 
           | The suffering of the woman is real. So is the suffering of
           | the man.
           | 
           | It only adds and doesn't subtract. I don't need to reiterate
           | on the suffering of the woman because that is described very
           | well in the article (which i posted!)
           | 
           | You're being insensitive, treating me as a man the way that a
           | black person might get treated in the 1950s south USA. Sexual
           | pleasure is one of the great things about being alive in this
           | world. If that was destroyed for a woman by female
           | circumcision you would see that as a bad thing. If
           | circumstances did the same for a man it is not any different.
           | 
           | A man in a situation like that will get told to "leave" and
           | that is not a good answer for many. For one there are many
           | other kinds of love and a person in that kind of relationship
           | might be able to give and receive all of the other kinds of
           | love except for that.
           | 
           | So many people try "serial monogamy" and it so often ends in
           | tears. In terms of sexuality a man like that might be
           | satisfied by a woman with average sexual responsiveness or
           | even a standard deviation below the mean. That person is easy
           | to find, but be much more difficult to find somebody who has
           | all the other good traits of the current partner.
           | 
           | A man like that might have strong loyalty and also feel that
           | their current partner deserves to be loved in all the ways
           | they are able to receive it even if their partner can't
           | receive it. Their partner shouldn't be rejected and left
           | alone because they were victimized in this past
           | 
           | An obvious answer is polyamory and the women might well be
           | accepting of that but if you were the kid who was bullied in
           | school and then rejected, made invisible, and then suffered
           | years of self-doubt because of somebody else's crime
           | succeeding at polyamory can look like climbing a mountain.
           | 
           | A woman can be very insensitive about this because a woman
           | who wants a sexual relationship, snap their fingers, and get
           | it. Some men who want that can get it easily but most can't.
           | There is a huge focus on a small population of men who are
           | abusive, attractive, rich or some combination, the experience
           | of the vast majority of men is invisible.
        
             | atombum wrote:
             | You're not necessarily wrong but it just doesn't feel like
             | the right context to share this perspective, given the
             | subject matter of the OP.
             | 
             | This comes off as extremely insensitive and tone deaf to
             | me.
        
               | elboru wrote:
               | He is OP
        
               | PaulHoule wrote:
               | Check your privilege.
               | 
               | Don't assume that I'm automatically insensitive because I
               | am a male. I was the person who submitted this article!
               | 
               | I wasn't planning to say anything about my own situation
               | when I posted it, I felt embarrassed to do so, but also
               | compelled when I saw other people with a viewpoint like
               | yours write vicious insensitive comments that I felt
               | compelled to speak up about. (I wound up posting to the
               | main thread because the comment was deleted)
               | 
               | There is nothing hypothetical about this scenario, it is
               | one that I am living. I have stuck with my wife through
               | thick and thin and I am completely dedicated and want to
               | grow old with her. There are members of my extended
               | family (who I love and am proud to know and would hate to
               | be separated as much as I would from my wife) who had the
               | same experience and suffered dramatically.
               | 
               | Men are continuously told that we need to open up
               | emotionally (my mother-in-law felt that way about her
               | otherwise upstanding husband) but we're always wary that
               | it is another cruel trap where we get punished for
               | showing emotions.
        
           | hnarayanan wrote:
           | Thank you for stating this.
        
         | bongoman37 wrote:
        
       | fractallyte wrote:
        
         | fullstop wrote:
         | > I seriously wonder if this is why we ended up with a
         | patriarchal 'civilization'. Simply because so many women are
         | silently traumatized.
         | 
         | Men are also, in general, significantly stronger physically.
        
           | 1980phipsi wrote:
           | Patriarchal civilizations only began to outcompete non-
           | patriarchal ones with the relatively recent advent of grain
           | agriculture. There were many hundreds of thousands of years
           | where men were stronger physically and patriarchy wasn't
           | dominant (I mean that some civilizations were patriarchal and
           | others were non-patriarchal).
        
             | fullstop wrote:
             | Right, this rings a bell from an ancient civilizations
             | class that I took decades ago. I wish that I remembered
             | more from that class, but it's been so long. I guess it's
             | time to crack open the text books that I kept.
        
             | quartesixte wrote:
             | Always a fascinating Alt-History scenario to me: what if
             | the patriarchal societies didn't win out early on? How
             | drastically different would history had become?
        
               | elliekelly wrote:
               | There's a fantastic (and quite funny!) French film "I'm
               | Not An Easy Man"[1] that sort of explores this idea but
               | from the perspective of what society would look like
               | today if gender roles were flipped. I think it's
               | available on Netflix.
               | 
               | [1]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I_Am_Not_an_Easy_Man
        
               | bananamansion wrote:
               | thanks for the recommendation
        
               | SuoDuanDao wrote:
               | Funnily enough, I wrote a short erotic story in which the
               | protagonist gets transported from the sort of world
               | depicted in that film to ours. In my telling she
               | leverages her sexual aggression and insight into male
               | psychology to become a successful Twitch streamer.
        
               | datavirtue wrote:
               | They didn't early on. They won out late and we are still
               | very much steeped in it. The line was crossed during the
               | "one true God" push where the sun god (single god)
               | creator cults gained state-derived power.
        
               | SuoDuanDao wrote:
               | there's an interesting documentary on a modern-day
               | matriarchy, gave me a good idea of what one can imagine
               | in such a situation:
               | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t_l9D7tEixc
               | 
               | Different in regards to what is probably the relevant
               | question, economic history? Military? Human Genetics? I
               | don't imagine much would look the same.
        
             | [deleted]
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | ironmagma wrote:
         | Please don't presume to speak on behalf of male sexual abuse
         | victims. I assure you, the psychic hurt very well can be
         | forever.
        
       | Thoreandan wrote:
       | mods: (2011) should be added to title.
       | 
       | Professors Noll & Trickett have published more recent work as of
       | 2016 (Trickett passed away that year.)
        
       | tomcam wrote:
       | Can testify it does a number on male development too
        
         | xbar wrote:
         | Thanks for being willing to say this.
        
         | javajosh wrote:
         | Interestingly, there's another child comment, flagged and dead
         | [edit: it has been resurrected], that says simply, "Sh...no-one
         | cares about men." It's not a great comment, as it lacks
         | substance, but it reflects something real and important.
         | 
         | Sexual abuse is to women as police violence is to black people.
         | These classes of people are affected more (far more - perhaps
         | 2x?) than others, but that doesn't mean others aren't affected.
         | A broader class of victim lets you draw lines more clearly: BLM
         | isn't about police vs black people, it's really about police vs
         | not-police. Sexual violence isn't about men vs women, its
         | _also_ about abuse of power, over children. Children includes
         | boys and girls of all colors, of all religions, of all sexual
         | orientations.
         | 
         | Abuse of power knows no gender or race. Mothers abuse their
         | sons. Teachers abuse their students. The more we allow the
         | culture to ignore some abuse to make other abuse more
         | narratively appealing, the more we abandon those victims that
         | don't fit the protected class, and the worse we do at actually
         | identifying the problem itself. This is a great moral and
         | practical failing, an example of the potency of left-wing
         | "other"ing.
         | 
         | The culture does not want to hear from victimized men,
         | especially straight white men. It is okay to withhold empathy,
         | because SWMs are "powerful", they always have been and they
         | always will be, and are to blame for most, if not all, of the
         | worlds problems, especially abuse of power in all its forms,
         | they say.
         | 
         | We've been encouraged for years to express vulnerability,
         | expressing more of a softer, feminine side. Now, we are
         | punished for it, and then we get some unwanted appellation like
         | "men's rights advocates", which is a liberal code for right-
         | wing anti-feminist reactionaries working nefariously to
         | maintain the status quo.
         | 
         | The dead comment is right: no-one cares about men. I will go
         | further and say that its a deeply evil thing, and I fear for my
         | 2-year-old son. This is a real fear, not a construction, and it
         | should be okay to share the concern in a public forum without
         | being attacked for saying something I'm not. But I know it will
         | happen, anyway, because you cannot fight the tide.
        
           | wolverine876 wrote:
           | It is about power, and in the US African-American and women
           | (and LGBTQ and others) are widely discriminated against, and
           | thus widely lack power. White people are much safer around
           | police because they have power in the legal system (generally
           | speaking about the entire country); they can protect
           | themselves. An African-American teenager complaining about
           | police abuse isn't likely to get far. Women complaining about
           | sexual assault or harassment are routinely dismissed -
           | literally, as a politically correct (by their politics)
           | practice of some males I know.
           | 
           | The parent reads like the ever-present 'reverse
           | discrimination' complaint, but it's not the same.
           | Discrimination and prejudice are about power. If the abuser
           | doesn't have the power, they are a lot less dangerous.
        
             | int_19h wrote:
             | > White people are much safer around police because they
             | have power in the legal system (generally speaking about
             | the entire country); they can protect themselves.
             | 
             | This is true statistically, but I think OP's point is that
             | statistics should not be used to dismiss individual
             | experiences. Daniel Shaver was white, for example. Cheye
             | Calvo was a white _mayor_ when his house was raided
             | (speaking of power!).
             | 
             | Thing is, police has too much power relative to the vast
             | majority of citizens. The delta varies drastically between
             | different population groups, but it's "too much" for all of
             | them.
        
           | Der_Einzige wrote:
           | Even if the kinda of abuse that women experience tend to be
           | far worse in magnitude, men in many parts of america
           | (including myself) are almost universally mutilated at birth.
           | I believe that this is abuse, and the current culture of
           | laughing at circumcision or "intactivists" has led me to
           | agree that no one gives a shit about men or the issues that
           | they experience.
        
             | wolverine876 wrote:
             | Maybe they just don't agree with you, and see it as
             | potential cover for discrimination against a minority
             | religion?
        
           | busterarm wrote:
           | > The dead comment is right: no-one cares about men. I will
           | go further and say that its a deeply evil thing, and I fear
           | for my 2-year-old son. This is a real fear, not a
           | construction, and it should be okay to share the concern in a
           | public forum without being attacked for saying something I'm
           | not. But I know it will happen, anyway, because you cannot
           | fight the tide.
           | 
           | As men, our expected place in society is to contain our
           | emotions. To be silent. Our traumas are not ours to share.
           | The social costs of doing otherwise are unbearable. Society
           | has no tolerance for our victimhood. ...The Audacity!
           | 
           | So yes, exactly. No one cares about men.
        
             | amanaplanacanal wrote:
             | This is the other side of the same coin. All the
             | patriarchal bullshit gender roles that we were all raised
             | with. The damage that women have suffered was more
             | immediately obvious, but it hurts everybody.
        
           | neogodless wrote:
           | The initial comment here adds to the discussion of the impact
           | on female development, without making a grandiose claim that
           | _no one_ cares.
           | 
           | Both your comment and the flagged comment make that claim.
           | 
           | It seems much more so the case that people can care about how
           | bad actions affect both female and male victims than the
           | hypothesis you propose.
           | 
           | And, in fact, straight white men can be in a position of
           | power, and have advantages, and also be able to share stories
           | where they are victims, and find support. These things do not
           | have to be black and white and contradictory.
           | 
           | Who the victim is and how they are affected does not speak
           | about who the transgressor is, nor does it do so in
           | inflexible, absolute terms. So the effects of being a victim
           | can be explored without going into a "victim mentality" as
           | someone who does not happen to be the primary focus of this
           | article.
        
             | javajosh wrote:
             | _> people can care about how bad actions affect both female
             | and male victims than the hypothesis you propose._
             | 
             | They can, but that doesn't mean they do. It is _dangerous_
             | to be caught caring about men or boys. Consider this recent
             | SNL skit  "man park": https://youtu.be/9XOt2Vh0T8w?t=131.
             | I've linked to the part where a woman is saying something
             | sympathetic to men, and then panics that she'll be caught
             | on camera saying it. This is after showing men in a dog
             | park. E.g. equating them to dogs.
             | 
             | Note that my comment was NOT triggered by the OP's study,
             | but rather that a comment was flagged and killed stating
             | something that I think is obviously true, but quite
             | inconvenient for some people to read.
        
               | wolverine876 wrote:
               | > It is _dangerous_ to be caught caring about men or
               | boys.
               | 
               | Not at all in my experience. Comedy skits aren't
               | evidence, or we could have some very interesting
               | discussions!
        
         | LNSY wrote:
         | same. My abuse was very early, which it tends to be for men. My
         | abusers weren't removed from my life until I was six, and even
         | then were brought back over and over again. I am 40. I became a
         | successful software developer. Then I finally couldn't ignore
         | what happened to me. It was a brutal 3 years of therapy and
         | trying to find my way out of the emotional pain I felt.
         | 
         | I am just now getting my career on track, but I am essentially
         | starting from square one again. As a programmer your primary
         | tool is your brain, and when it simply isn't working...
         | 
         | What, to me, is positive, is that we are talking about it. Just
         | being aware of this pain and not replicating it is what is
         | needed to shift the world.
        
           | nobodyofnote wrote:
           | Thank you very much for sharing this. Me too. Like yours,
           | mine occurred early. Like you, I was exposed to my abuser
           | many times afterward.
           | 
           | As a boy, I carried my shame in silence, and learned early to
           | dislike and avoid extended family gatherings, masking my
           | avoidance in a blanket of "family sucks/is boring" cynicism.
           | 
           | As an early teen entering puberty, I grew increasingly
           | disturbed about had happened. I tried to force the feelings
           | away, almost ritually, but grew increasingly mired in
           | confusion about what was wrong with me. Why did I (despite
           | the fact that I was but 5-6 years old at the time) not take
           | action? Did this mean I enjoyed being abused? Did this mean
           | it wasn't abuse? Did the fact that I didn't stop the abuser
           | mean I was not heterosexual? I began bombarding myself with
           | pornography, almost as a salve against the uncertainty and
           | doubt about who I was.
           | 
           | It wasn't until nearly 40 - and in the context of therapy to
           | try to prevent the most important relationships of my life
           | from falling further apart - that I had even considered the
           | fact that I'd survived abuse. I felt ashamed to even think
           | about accepting that statement, as I knew many others had
           | suffered so much more serious forms of long-term abuse.
           | 
           | Only now have I come to marginally accept that decades of
           | suffering internalized shame, fear, pain and mistrust deserve
           | to be called survival.
           | 
           | I now have children who I love with all my heart. I cannot
           | fathom inflicting such suffering upon them - or anyone else,
           | for that matter. I will never be able to entrust them to the
           | care of close family or friends. It's a constant internal
           | struggle when they ask about sleepovers with friends. Such
           | trivial things as "going over to someone's house" trigger
           | immense uncertainty and fear, which I do my best to not
           | burden my children with. I don't know if I will ever truly be
           | able to shed the thick cloak of cynicism - largely a defense
           | mechanism - that has and continues to impede my ability to
           | relate meaningfully to the world and the people around me.
           | 
           | I hope I can - and I hope that awareness grows, so that other
           | people aren't exposed to a similar experience.
        
             | PebblesRox wrote:
             | Kidpower is my favorite resource for how to talk about
             | personal safety with kids and teach them skills to help
             | them stay safe with people. The Safety Comics are a good
             | place to start:
             | 
             | https://www.kidpower.org/books/safety-comics/
             | 
             | And I also learned a lot and had some big mindset changes
             | from reading the giant Kidpower Book for Caring Adults,
             | which really goes in depth and is good at breaking things
             | down into simple practices.
             | 
             | https://www.kidpower.org/books/kidpower-book/
             | 
             | I really like the mindset of teaching kids how to be safe
             | in a positive way (i.e. without scaring them about
             | potential dangers) and the serious-business approach to our
             | responsibilities as adults.
        
               | nobodyofnote wrote:
               | Thanks for sharing these resources!
        
             | Mezzie wrote:
             | > I now have children who I love with all my heart. I
             | cannot fathom inflicting such suffering upon them - or
             | anyone else, for that matter. I will never be able to
             | entrust them to the care of close family or friends. It's a
             | constant internal struggle when they ask about sleepovers
             | with friends. Such trivial things as "going over to
             | someone's house" trigger immense uncertainty and fear,
             | which I do my best to not burden my children with. I don't
             | know if I will ever truly be able to shed the thick cloak
             | of cynicism - largely a defense mechanism - that has and
             | continues to impede my ability to relate meaningfully to
             | the world and the people around me.
             | 
             | My heart aches because you sound so much like my mother.
             | 
             | What I will say is that as her child, one thing I
             | appreciated _so much_ is that I _never_ had to worry if my
             | parents would believe me if something happened. Your kids
             | will have you always in their corner and that makes such,
             | such, such a difference. So much of my mother 's turmoil is
             | related to _her_ mother not believing her + the victim-
             | blaming. You 're helping and shielding your kids just by
             | being who you are, even if you don't want to worry them.
        
               | nobodyofnote wrote:
               | Thank you for saying this. You're very much right; part
               | of my fear was that - like other members of my family - I
               | wouldn't be believed (or worse, blamed as an
               | "instigator"). Things my children will never have to
               | experience, to be sure.
        
           | tomcam wrote:
           | 20 years of therapy never helped me unfortunately
        
         | zapdrive wrote:
        
           | dang wrote:
           | Please do not take HN threads further into flamewar. There's
           | more than enough suffering to go around, but this is not the
           | way to open up a thoughtful conversation.
           | 
           | https://news.ycombinator.com/newsguidelines.html
        
         | Mezzie wrote:
         | I'd be interested to see this _study_ repeated with male
         | victims. I think each sex has its own issues when sexually
         | victimized:
         | 
         | - Females, of course, can get pregnant, and our assaults are
         | more likely to be physically painful.
         | 
         | - Males have zero social support and are far more stigmatized
         | for being victimized, and they also have less of a support
         | network/are more isolated than females on average. They also
         | have fewer resources available since sexual assault is seen as
         | only happening to females. Fewer shelters, hotlines, etc.
        
           | tremon wrote:
           | That's a very unfortunate phrasing. You may want to
           | explicitly add "this _study_ " in your first sentence.
        
             | Mezzie wrote:
             | Oh dear God, thank you.
        
       | baggygenes wrote:
       | Fascinating and important study, but I have a hard time
       | understanding how they missed a blatant spelling error in the
       | abstract...
        
         | wffurr wrote:
         | This is the author's manuscript. The published, edited version
         | does not have that particular error:
         | https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/development-and-psyc...
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | wffurr wrote:
       | Published 2011 - date tag?
       | 
       | https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/development-and-psyc...
        
       | Karawebnetwork wrote:
       | Appendix A summarizes all the findings reported in this paper:
       | 
       | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/labs/pmc/articles/PMC3693773/#A...
        
       | gadders wrote:
       | I had a quick skim of the report. This so fucking sad. Figure 3
       | is heartbreaking.
        
       | throw8932894 wrote:
       | I seen study[1] that claimed similar results (early puberty,
       | depression...) but from lack of male figures in childhood.
       | Another study showed similar results in macaque monkeys.
       | Evolutionary explanation was that group needs to be repopulated
       | faster.
       | 
       | [1] https://news.berkeley.edu/2010/09/17/puberty/
        
       | drewpc wrote:
       | The ways the research team engaged the study participants over 23
       | years is admirable, creative, and fascinating to understand.
        
       | ars wrote:
       | This is troubling for the statistical validity of this:
       | 
       | "At the time of study entry, comparison families were not
       | informed that the study involved sexually abused females; rather,
       | they were told that the study was of "female growth and
       | development." At the end of the initial interview, however,
       | caregivers were told that the study pertained to sexual abuse"
       | 
       | If you tell people you are surveying a particular thing, they are
       | more likely to report things in line with what you are expecting.
        
         | vivekd wrote:
         | I was wondering about this. That is a problem given that it
         | seems the whole point of the study was to control for other
         | factors to ensure that the trauma reported wasn't the result of
         | something else - like more vulnerable or victimized women being
         | more likely to suffer sexual abuse.
         | 
         | Not sure what to make of it. I think earlier onset of puberty
         | is one effect that likely wasn't falsely reported. I'm not sure
         | about the others.
         | 
         | I'd be nice if we could have a study that controls for
         | reporting bias, but I wonder if research ethics would allow it
         | - espically when working with young children.
        
       | sandworm101 wrote:
       | I find this to be the most telling stat:
       | 
       | "In a few cases (N < 5) families were dropped from the comparison
       | group because some history of sexual abuse was ascertained."
       | 
       | So roughly 5% (<5 of 84) of the control group were discovered to
       | have themselves been abused and needed to be dropped from the
       | study. I was once in a law lecture on medical ethics. We were
       | discussing genetic testing of newborns and how this could detect
       | incest/abuse. A medical doctor in the class was dead against such
       | testing. In his experience, amongst pregnant teenagers (17 and
       | younger) about 10% were pregnant by their own fathers/brothers.
       | His opinion was that our society is not ready to deal with this,
       | that such abuse is far more common than anyone is willing to
       | admit. He actually said: You better build some more prisons
       | before you start testing babies for this. The OP study seems in
       | line with his numbers.
        
         | pawelmurias wrote:
         | Why should locking up child abusers be controversial?
        
           | sacred_numbers wrote:
           | That was my thought at first as well, but thinking about it
           | more, if abusers find out that genetic testing is routinely
           | happening they will just not allow the victim to receive
           | medical treatment at all, which would be worse for the victim
           | than the status quo. Worst case scenario they would get rid
           | of the evidence completely, either by forced back-alley
           | abortion or murder.
        
             | vasco wrote:
             | This seems like a second order effect that is surely much
             | lower than fixing the first order effect of protecting
             | underage pregnant women and arresting their abusers. Surely
             | some abusers would prevent women from getting help, but we
             | shouldn't deny help to those that we can, that just seems
             | utterly crazy to me.
        
               | dralley wrote:
               | "First, do no harm".
        
           | sandworm101 wrote:
           | Because a doctor's duty is to their patient, not the justice
           | system. Breaking up the family might not be the best thing
           | for the pregnant girl or newborn. I'm not saying they
           | actively cover up abuse, but doctors know not to ask
           | questions they don't want answered. Blanket genetic testing
           | determinative to determine parentage is very dangerous
           | knowledge.
        
             | usaar333 wrote:
             | I'm dubious that this lacks societal benefit overall. Even
             | if we buy that breaking up the sexually abusive family is't
             | the best thing (already dubious), there's strong second
             | order effects of this disincentiving abuse.
             | 
             | Automatic genetic testing also has other advantages of
             | preventing future paternity disputes.
             | 
             | Honestly, this would be an interesting thing for a single
             | state to run an experiment with and see how behaviors
             | change.
        
               | Mikeb85 wrote:
               | While society would no doubt benefit from outing abusers,
               | teen births as a whole are a tiny portion of births. 10%
               | of a small number is a small number.
               | 
               | Given women cheat at the same rates as men, blanket
               | genetic testing would break up a significant amount of
               | families. That's why some countries (France for example)
               | ban paternity tests.
        
             | spamizbad wrote:
             | Aren't doctors mandatory reporters in the United States?
        
               | suifbwish wrote:
               | Their primary directive legal or not is to uphold the
               | oath they took to do no harm. If reporting would cause
               | them to violate this ancient creed then it is for they to
               | decide what they will do.
        
               | emodendroket wrote:
               | Sure, if they want to risk being stripped of their
               | license, they can flout the law.
        
               | pfortuny wrote:
               | That law (in this case) is so difficult to enforce that
               | it matters very little.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | sandworm101 wrote:
               | Mandatory reporters, not mandatory investigators. If they
               | have no knowledge of the abuse they have nothing to
               | report. If the girl says that her boyfriend is the
               | father, the doctor isn't going to run extra tests just to
               | prove her wrong. There is no medical advantage to the
               | patient in such testing. Doctors are not cops.
        
           | fullstop wrote:
           | The only controversial thing I can think of here is when it
           | comes to the definition of abuse. People are on the sex
           | offender registry for public urination, although I suspect
           | that this happens more often with repeat offenders.
        
           | throwanem wrote:
           | Locking up child abusers isn't controversial. Finding out the
           | vast majority of them get away with it scot free seems like
           | it would be controversial as hell.
        
         | NoImmatureAdHom wrote:
         | "In a few cases (N < 5) families were dropped from the
         | comparison group because some history of sexual abuse was
         | ascertained."
         | 
         | I think you are misinterpreting. First, they say:
         | 
         | "...information was obtained about any possible unwanted sexual
         | experiences of the comparison females _or other family members_
         | "
         | 
         | So interpreting it as 5 of 84 women is incorrect. It's min 5
         | people of 84 _families_. Given a mean family size of perhaps
         | 3.5 (if by  "family" they mean "nuclear family", though I bet
         | they include anyone you know about really--Uncle Bob would
         | count, and one report per family with reports) it's more like 5
         | out of 294 people, or _1.7%_. And I don 't think they share
         | their exclusion criteria, which isn't a good sign. And there's
         | a significant selection bias given how they recruited (in a
         | newspaper, for people who have the free time and/or low wealth
         | enough to want to do a study, and in particular on female
         | growth and development).
         | 
         | I think your comment is getting attention because you're
         | offering an idea that people like, and some anecdata to back it
         | up. It's a classic problem of the modern world, things that
         | people _want_ to believe get a lot of attention, out of
         | proportion to their actual frequency. I think you, and others
         | here, _want_ to believe the situation is worse than it is, or
         | worse than the data here warrant believing, because you 're
         | going to get rewarded for acting as if the appealing idea is
         | the case. I don't mean you are sitting there, consciously
         | _thinking_ that, but the rewards (here some updoots on HN)
         | shape your behavior behind the scenes anyway. This is how we
         | get news that paints a grotesquely distorted view of the world:
         | people want to hear about how a crazed soccer mom murdered all
         | her kids in the bathtub, and critically it is _profitable_.
         | They don 't want to hear that everything was fine in Peoria, IL
         | last night.
         | 
         | I would bet a lot of money that the picture you paint with the
         | study's numbers is substantially false. For one, your
         | interpretation of the numbers they give is wrong. Second, the
         | study doesn't appear well done. It's a little old, but it also
         | has a lot of indicators that it isn't of high quality (e.g.,
         | lots of "p<0.05", but no "p<0.001"--see p curves). I haven't
         | read it in detail and won't because my spidey senses say it's
         | not worth it based on what I've seen skimming.
        
           | woah wrote:
           | > I haven't read it in detail and won't because my spidey
           | senses say it's not worth it based on what I've seen
           | skimming.
           | 
           | Wow thanks for this extremely well researched and
           | authoritative opinion
        
             | NoImmatureAdHom wrote:
             | I don't make any claims on the basis of authority, the math
             | in the comment speaks for itself.
        
         | tomcam wrote:
         | That whole comment was chilling AF
        
           | sandworm101 wrote:
           | Chilling but also a little reassuring. If you are a victim,
           | knowing that a large percentage of the population has also
           | been abused can help recovery. It says that it is very
           | possible to be a victim and go on to a normal life.
           | 
           | Want something very chilling? First year criminal law lecture
           | on rape. Professor says "We have about a hundred people in
           | this room. None of you future lawyers have criminal records.
           | Statistically speaking, about fifteen of the fifty or so
           | women here are victims. And probably fifteen of the men are
           | rapists." Also see the opening sequence of the movie
           | _Copycat_ (1995) where Sigourney Weaver 's character does a
           | similar trick regarding serial killers.
        
             | wpietri wrote:
             | There is some evidence that the proportion for the men is a
             | bit different. According to one study, it was about 6% of
             | men. About 2/3rds of those men committed multiple rapes, ~6
             | each. Details here:
             | https://yesmeansyesblog.wordpress.com/2009/11/12/meet-the-
             | pr...
             | 
             | Intuitively, that makes sense. If people figure out how to
             | get away with something, some of them are going to keep
             | doing it. E.g., if I think about the people I knew in high
             | school, most didn't shoplift, but there were a couple who
             | did it a whole bunch.
        
               | sandworm101 wrote:
               | Alcohol. We can get into the definitions of consent, but
               | suffice to say that there are a large number of rapes
               | committed by drunk highschool kids. Many wake up, regret
               | everything about what happened, and never allow
               | themselves to get into such a situation again.
        
             | klipt wrote:
             | Interesting how she assumed none of the men would be raped.
             | Newer CDC stats (since ~2010 when they started asking men
             | if they've ever been "made to penetrate" by a woman) show
             | that female-on-male rape happens a lot more often than
             | people think.
             | 
             | https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2016/11/the-
             | unde...
        
               | sandworm101 wrote:
               | I had that discussion with her. She was actually an open
               | lesbian, part of the early gay marriage push in new
               | england. At the time (early 2000s) there were some states
               | with old laws that also made female-on-female rape
               | physically impossible. Canada recently abolished "rape"
               | as a distinct crime, instead placing it on the far end of
               | a sexual assault spectrum. I think this is probably the
               | best way forwards.
        
               | klipt wrote:
               | That's part of the solution, but we also need to
               | challenge societal gender biases that assume men can't be
               | victims. If you look at the CDC stats something like
               | 1/3rd of people victimized in any year are men, but if
               | you look at crimes reported to police it drops to
               | something like 1% of victims being men. It implies men
               | are much less likely to report being raped to the police.
        
               | wolverine876 wrote:
               | or male-on-male rape
        
               | klipt wrote:
               | That too, but the CDC stats suggest that female-on-male
               | is more prevalent than male-on-male, although they call
               | female-on-male "made to penetrate" and only call male-on-
               | male "rape" which confuses people into thinking the
               | opposite.
        
             | tomp wrote:
             | Are people (and law professors in particular) stupid enough
             | to apply this "1-on-1" logic to other crimes as well (e.g.
             | " _n_ people victims of burglary " => " _n_ thiefs ") or
             | only to rape?
        
             | zozbot234 wrote:
             | > Chilling but also a little reassuring. If you are a
             | victim, knowing that a large percentage of the population
             | has also been abused can help recovery.
             | 
             | "Misery loves company" is indeed a common attitude, but I'm
             | not sure it's especially healthy.
        
               | Mezzie wrote:
               | It's not about loving company.
               | 
               | I'm traumatized from childhood abuse (but not sexual
               | abuse), and knowing how many people are neglected/abused
               | by their caregivers lets me know that:
               | 
               | a.) There is nothing about me that caused the situation.
               | Since I'm a very strange human, that's good to know: They
               | weren't abusing me because I was too hard to parent or
               | because I didn't act like a normal child.
               | 
               | b.) "This too shall pass." Trauma has impacts on my life,
               | but, with the example of others, I can move on and make
               | decisions that help address the damage.
        
               | wpietri wrote:
               | I think "misery loves company" is distinct. One of the
               | many harms of sexual abuse is shame. Not coincidentally,
               | shame is a tool of abusers and authoritarian power
               | structures that protect abusers. For victims of abuse,
               | knowing that they're not alone is a path out of shame and
               | self-blame. It can help them put blame in the correct
               | spot: not on what they wore or how they acted, but on the
               | abusers and the abusers' support systems.
        
               | Maursault wrote:
               | "Misery loves company" is the antithesis of The Golden
               | Rule, a formulation of which is "do not believe that it
               | is so that you will find happiness in the misery of
               | others," (I believe Seneca may have said this, but can't
               | find the citation). I believe it is not the sadist
               | notion, "misery loves company," that eases victims' pain,
               | but instead "being in good company." I think "misery
               | loves company" is a cynical twist of "being in good
               | company," which is similar to left-handers learning of
               | famous left-handers, or a depressive learning that
               | Lincoln suffered from depression, reducing or eliminating
               | feeling alone or isolated and disconneted.
        
               | tremon wrote:
               | The Dutch equivalent of "misery loves company" is
               | "gedeelde smart is halve smart", which roughly translates
               | to "a burden shared is a burden halved". I've never
               | before interpreted that phrase in any other way than an
               | acknowledgement that personal problems are easier to bear
               | if you have someone to confide in. I certainly wouldn't
               | interpret it as a cynical comment on codependency.
               | 
               | But maybe I've always misinterpreted the English phrase.
               | Is there a different English saying that's closer to the
               | Dutch meaning?
        
               | PebblesRox wrote:
               | Maybe "many hands make light labor?" Though that one
               | seems more specific/literal than the Dutch version.
               | 
               | The phrase "misery loves company" makes me think of this
               | Calvin and Hobbes strip, so I guess it has cynical
               | connotations for me:
               | 
               | https://mobile.twitter.com/Calvinn_Hobbes/status/12171067
               | 859...
               | 
               | Though I wouldn't apply this phrase to the situation of
               | victims feeling comforted by the knowledge that they're
               | not the only ones.
        
               | avgcorrection wrote:
               | That is not at all the point.
               | 
               | It helps to know that you are not the only one who has
               | suffered injustice.
        
             | ascar wrote:
             | While that story might be intimidating I can't help but
             | think it's statistical nonsense and discredits the
             | professors integrity.
             | 
             | Starting from the assumption that general population
             | numbers apply to a group of law students (I assume that he
             | doesn't have statistics about rape among law students) on
             | to the assumption that there is a 1 to 1 relationship
             | between rape victims and rapists. I would assume there to
             | be more victims than offenders.
             | 
             | Just seems a rather weird move to tell your first year
             | students a significant number of their fellows and friends
             | are either victims or rapists just to make a point about
             | unsolved rape.
        
               | sandworm101 wrote:
               | >> I would assume there to be more victims than
               | offenders.
               | 
               | Why? Women who have been abused are often abused by more
               | than one person.
               | 
               | >>just to make a point about unsolved rape.
               | 
               |  _She_ was making multiple points, several of which had
               | nothing to do with rape. It was about criminality. Why we
               | punish crimes the way we do. The strain on police
               | /judicial resources. Diversionary programs. The
               | prevalence of plea bargaining. and and and. A first year
               | law lecture is a very nuanced thing.
        
               | thatcat wrote:
               | What's her point other than that our system is
               | ineffective and incredibly wasteful?
        
               | chefandy wrote:
               | It sounds like the professor made it clear she was
               | speaking in terms of population averages. So unless you
               | can find empirical evidence that those statistics _don
               | 't_ apply to that slice of the population, then there's
               | absolutely no problem with what she said. She didn't say
               | "15 of the men in this class are rapists."
               | 
               | Law students aren't learning to be statisticians,
               | epidemiologists, or policy wonks. Emotionally moving
               | people to act upon a collection of documented facts-- be
               | it in trial or a contract negotiation-- requires
               | persuasive speaking and strategy. She made the breadth
               | and consequences of rape palpable to her students not
               | only by giving it a face, but giving it _their faces._
               | Since this poster, years later, immediately recalled that
               | story when prompted, I reckon it was thoroughly
               | compelling.
        
               | fiestaman wrote:
               | The odds that a group of 100 law students would perfectly
               | represent the overall population are astronomical.
               | 
               | You cannot extend population-level averages to a group of
               | people without first proving that group is representative
               | of the population.
        
               | wolverine876 wrote:
               | Perhaps everyone in the room knew that. Perhaps it was
               | even said. Were you there?
        
             | erosenbe0 wrote:
             | Uhh lawyers and law students can have criminal records.
             | Commonly.
        
               | astura wrote:
               | Certain criminal convictions (like rape) prevent you from
               | being accepted by the bar. Most people don't go to law
               | school when they know they are ineligible to actually
               | practice law (even if a law school actually accepted a
               | convicted rapist).
               | 
               | The school they were teaching at probably disqualified
               | anyone with any criminal record from admission.
        
               | sandworm101 wrote:
               | By criminal record she clearly mean the sort of things
               | that would prevent you from being accepted to the bar/law
               | school. Someone with a rape conviction as an adult
               | wouldn't be sitting in a first year law lecture. Is is
               | normal for law schools not to accept candidates that will
               | not be able to become lawyers.
        
             | avgcorrection wrote:
             | Was the aim of the lecturer to teach law or to incite a
             | random lynching? Or to make the co-students distrust each
             | other for no more reason than they would want to distrust
             | any other random person?
             | 
             | Go to a sufficiently large rock concert and the lead singer
             | would be able to say "statistically at least one of you are
             | a murderer!" Which might be "statistically correct" but all
             | that would accomplish is for everyone to question his or
             | her sanity.
        
             | tomcam wrote:
             | I never use the word victim for me anyway. I pretty much
             | overachieved in most ways so I could get the fuck out of my
             | zip code and never seen those people again
        
         | fullstop wrote:
         | My wife was summoned for jury duty, and the case had to do with
         | sexual abuse. At jury selection time they ask if a prospective
         | juror would have difficulty being impartial because of the
         | nature of the case. If you were uncomfortable discussing the
         | matter, you could ask to be taken aside to discuss without the
         | others in the room hearing it.
         | 
         | Out of a few dozen people, seven women left the room to explain
         | why they could not be impartial, some of them returning in
         | tears. They weren't gone for a short while, either, many of
         | them took 20 or 30 minutes before returning to the court room.
         | One of them was called back out of the room at the very end,
         | and my wife suspects that she was actively being abused and
         | this was an opportunity to seek help without the abuser being
         | present.
         | 
         | This isn't something that I have to personally worry about if
         | I'm by myself, but it's something that so many women _do_ have
         | to worry about all the time. I can 't even imagine the burden
         | that women must carry.
        
           | throwaway0a5e wrote:
           | edit: deleted, not worth trying to add any discussion to a
           | topic like this.
        
             | fullstop wrote:
             | > Seems like a hell of a leap. What are the odds someone is
             | being abused concurrent with jury duty vs any other time in
             | their life up until that point?
             | 
             | Not really. In abusive relationships, the abuser often
             | controls every aspect of the abused person's life and there
             | are not opportunities to seek help without the abuser
             | knowing. It's why there are sometimes signs in the
             | bathrooms of women's health clinics informing the patient
             | to initial their sample cup in red marker if they are being
             | abused or have something that they wish to discuss in
             | private. This may well have been one of her only chances to
             | speak with someone without an abuser knowing.
             | 
             | She was the _only_ one called back when the selection was
             | complete. I 've been called for jury duty several times and
             | this has never happened while I was there.
        
               | throwaway0a5e wrote:
               | We've all heard that cliched phrase about the word
               | "assume."
               | 
               | This happened in a courthouse, not a hospital. I think
               | the context of the discussion behind closed doors could
               | have just as easily been "that is so bad you really need
               | to consider reporting it" or even something more mundane.
               | In any case, seems a little farcical to assume that meant
               | she was actively being abused though it certainly seems
               | like a decent one of many possibilities.
               | 
               | I'm not saying your theory isn't plausible. I'm saying
               | you're getting tunnel vision on the first plausible thing
               | you came across.
        
               | fullstop wrote:
               | I think that you may have misunderstood me. The woman
               | left the room to discuss the matter, returned to the
               | court room in tears, and was called back _again_ after
               | the selection process was completed.
               | 
               | I hear hoofbeats and I don't think that it's zebras.
        
               | throwanem wrote:
               | A notable trait of courthouses is that they are very
               | frequently attended by law enforcement officers to whom
               | such a report could be made.
               | 
               | Especially given how little interest court personnel
               | typically take in individual panelists, why _assume_
               | everyone with whom you 're putting so much effort into
               | arguing is so probably wrong in our analysis of what this
               | interaction likely was?
        
             | throwanem wrote:
             | Why not? It's not as if the exemption questionnaire on the
             | back of the summons has a checkbox for it.
             | 
             | I've been called for jury duty any number of times. Not
             | once has anyone ever called me, personally, out of one room
             | and into another - always as part of a group of selectees
             | heading to a courtroom or voir dire or whatever. Between
             | that and everything else, it doesn't seem like a leap at
             | all.
        
             | emodendroket wrote:
             | Abuse is often ongoing for long periods of time, so I don't
             | know that it's necessarily implausible.
        
           | Mezzie wrote:
           | > This isn't something that I have to personally worry about
           | if I'm by myself, but it's something that so many women do
           | have to worry about all the time. I can't even imagine the
           | burden that women must carry.
           | 
           | Not just women, but children. I was aware that I could be
           | sexually assaulted/harrassed and what to do about it by the
           | time I was 5, and I started getting uncomfortable comments in
           | person around age 11. I'm also exceptionally lucky and have
           | never actually been assaulted.
           | 
           | Not particularly relevant to most people here, but some of
           | you will have daughters, so.
           | 
           | Edit: Also relevant potentially to your colleagues and co-
           | workers, since one reason I stopped participating in tech
           | spaces while I was a teenager (I still coded, just only alone
           | or anonymously) was because I felt unsafe being a 13-14 year
           | old girl who was the only female in a room/space with dozens
           | of men, some of whom were 2-3 times my age. I don't think I
           | can overstate the danger alarm bells, especially given how
           | rampant homophobia was back then and I was also gay.
        
             | astura wrote:
             | >I started getting uncomfortable comments in person around
             | age 11.
             | 
             | Agreed with this, I (woman) started getting regularly cat-
             | called on the street every time I left my house around
             | 12-13.
             | 
             | I was a young looking child to boot.
        
               | ericbarrett wrote:
               | One of my high school friends told me her first creeper
               | catcall was when she was 10. A guy in a pickup rolled
               | alongside her for two blocks saying disgusting things and
               | trying to convince her to get in the cab.
        
             | brnaftr360 wrote:
             | There's a considerable asymmetry here between men and
             | women. I'm really curious about sussing it out and
             | understanding how it develops.
             | 
             | At an early age, about 5 or so I was exposed to sex, with
             | peers, male/female. Later I was raped through coercion by
             | two older children at 10-ish, male/female. Additionally
             | none of this was ever reported until adulthood.
             | 
             | As a male I've repeatedly been put in positions that I
             | could describe as uncomfortable (though I don't, usually),
             | pressured intimacy, catcalling, sexually forward
             | girls/men...
             | 
             | Having gotten feedback from female peers in adulthood, I've
             | gotten to wondering about the way that society tends to
             | articulate sex and rape to women. The summary of framing
             | that I've gotten from one of my intimates, is that at an
             | early age women are given the impression that sex is their
             | single lever in a relationship or socially. Sex is the only
             | way which a woman can gain approval. Which, to me, seems
             | like it would drastically amplify the experience of rape.
             | There's also the puritanical considerations of virginity
             | and slut shaming, etc... But I don't know that it's really
             | a running theme in individual women.
             | 
             | And then there's the proactive modality. At the time of my
             | rapes, I was _not_ informed on rape or consent, and so the
             | context wasn 't that of violence, but simply commonplace
             | arm twisting, and because it was as such I only ever saw
             | that it could be framed as a traumatic episode much later.
             | On the obverse, having been informed of such things as
             | detestable, as violent, as traumatic and serious and driven
             | to reporting it, I could imagine that it would escalate my
             | feelings, and I suspect so would dealing with it externally
             | with strangers and institutions and perhaps having some
             | artificial narrative constructed by interlopers either
             | directly or indirectly. I mean, consider having to talk to
             | parents, police, social workers and so on it's implies a
             | considerable escalation from the day-to-day. Especially as
             | a child. Of course this seldom happens. I wonder if it's a
             | sort of funeral psychology where you feel compelled to cry
             | and mourn because that's what's implied, even if you don't
             | feel the need.
             | 
             | But as a male having gone through these situations, without
             | the framework being described, but rather having the
             | privilege to describe it myself, it simply never evolved
             | into a trauma. And I think this might be borne out by the
             | statistics wherein boys/men simply do not report rape, just
             | beyond the fact that it may happen less frequently. But
             | having direct perspective on it, I wonder if I'm an
             | oddball, or if trauma resulting from female rape is sort of
             | amplified by the way women are socialized and informed.
        
               | drooogs wrote:
               | this is the sort of conversation that must be conducted
               | very delicately, but it is something I have also
               | wondered, having had similar experiences myself.
               | 
               | quite a few times I have experienced unwanted sexual
               | advances/touching/groping in public spaces from women I
               | considered friends, in front of our other friends. I
               | don't consider those events traumatic, but certainly
               | uncomfortable at the time. I never knew what to do, so I
               | would just freeze and pretend it wasn't happening. once I
               | actually went through with it and had sex with the person
               | because I felt I had led her on by allowing her initial
               | advances (dumb of me in hindsight).
               | 
               | perhaps one important difference is that I was physically
               | stronger than every one of those people. I could have
               | resisted, but didn't due to (possibly imagined) social
               | pressure. like I said, I don't think there is any lasting
               | trauma over these events; I think of them more as
               | misunderstandings than assaults. but at the same time,
               | all of these women were otherwise quite vocal about
               | feminism, consent, etc. I wonder what they would have
               | called it if I'd done the same things to them.
        
               | tasha0663 wrote:
               | > at an early age women are given the impression that sex
               | is their single lever in a relationship or socially
               | 
               | I can't speak for all eras and populations, but I suspect
               | that that anecdote is an outlier.
               | 
               | > I wonder if I'm an oddball
               | 
               | If I may be so bold, you seem emotionally detached from
               | the incident. That itself might be a response to the
               | trauma.
        
               | wolverine876 wrote:
               | Your experiences are your own, of course. The rest is
               | theory you created, not fact or evidence. Other males who
               | have been sexually abused certainly have trauma. Look at
               | the victims of the Catholic Church and other well-known
               | situations. I'm sure you can find plenty of research
               | describing it.
               | 
               | EDIT: Also, many comments testify to it in this
               | discussion.
        
               | zozbot234 wrote:
               | You're assuming that trauma is a matter of "framing", but
               | it's at least as much a long-term consequence of the
               | acute stress reaction that's directly connected to the
               | event. I think it's _possible_ that you experienced
               | somewhat limited trauma, but others are not nearly as
               | lucky.
        
             | int0x2e wrote:
             | This is well off the main thread here so please feel free
             | to ignore my request, but as a loving parent of a 3 year-
             | old girl, I worry about when/how do we explain to her what
             | is and isn't okay for adults (and other kids) to do around
             | her, and how she can protect herself, seek help or
             | otherwise handle a situation.
             | 
             | Since you mentioned you were aware of the danger when you
             | were as young as 5 - when and how would you suggest one
             | could help let their daughter know about these risks
             | without inducing some much fear and anxiety that will end
             | up making her avoid too many positive experiences?
        
           | heresie-dabord wrote:
           | A complementary anecdote, I think worth adding here. I (male,
           | white) served on a jury that comprised six women. The trial
           | was a charge of sexual assault.
           | 
           | Every one of them had a personal tale of assault to tell. It
           | was as tense in the deliberations as you can imagine... like
           | 12 Angry Men [1] but even more harrowing.
           | 
           | I am convinced that the only reason we were able to arrive at
           | a just verdict is because one of these jurors also had the
           | courage to discuss the case of her beloved relative who was
           | _falsely_ accused of rape and was exonerated only many years
           | later, after his life had been destroyed.
           | 
           | We were able to focus on the evidence. But it was _not_ an
           | easy deliberation.
           | 
           | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/12_Angry_Men_(1957_film)
        
           | TigeriusKirk wrote:
           | Similar experience here. In the last few months I was in the
           | selection pool for a domestic abuse case. The judge asked if
           | anyone had personal experience with domestic abuse and then
           | asked each juror who raised their hand if they wanted to
           | discuss it in private. Some gave a brief version of their
           | story in the courtroom, usually it was their parents while
           | they were growing up. Some preferred privacy, which the judge
           | said they'd come back to later.
           | 
           | The jury selection was completed without ever calling those
           | people in for private explanations. No one who had raised
           | their hand for that question was selected.
           | 
           | As far as impartiality goes, I certainly felt some bias
           | against the accused just based on the nature of the crime and
           | his courtroom demeanor. But I was resolved that I would keep
           | that in mind if I was selected and treat him as fairly as
           | possible despite that. Impartiality is the ideal, and you
           | usually have to make the effort to make it happen. In some
           | circumstances where you have personal experience with similar
           | crimes, that may be too much to ask.
        
           | cortesoft wrote:
           | When I was in a jury pool for a murder trial, I remember
           | being shocked at how many people raised their hand when the
           | question of whether they had personal experience with murder
           | was asked. I figured barely anyone would raise their hand,
           | but so many people had either had a close family member
           | murdered, or were themselves accused of murder at some point.
           | I really realized how sheltered my life has been.
        
             | dragonwriter wrote:
             | People lie to get out of jury duty especially trials
             | expected to be long and/or shocking.
        
             | int0x2e wrote:
             | The US is an extremely violent place. On most violent crime
             | categories, it ranks highest among developed nations.
        
           | sandworm101 wrote:
           | If they came back in tears and were removed from the jury,
           | then the system worked. A clearly impartial potential juror
           | was removed and a past victim was saved from a horrible
           | experience of sitting through such testimony. But what about
           | those who have been abused but aren't in tears? This came up
           | very recently. One of the Ghislaine Maxwell jurors discussed
           | _his_ history of being abused with other jurors. The question
           | becomes then whether anyone who has been abused can ever be
           | impartial about abuse. To say that they cannot, imho, does
           | victims a great disservice.
           | 
           | https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-59884806
        
             | kmonsen wrote:
             | If you remove any jurors with history of abuse, do you not
             | remove all the people that have life experience that could
             | be relevant?
             | 
             | With a jury of only lets say strong white males that have
             | never been abused or abuse adjacent, but have had several
             | experience where they felt woman didn't give them enough
             | respect are we that would seem a lot worse to me. Obviously
             | this sounds like an extreme example, but the reality is
             | that such a large part of the population has been the
             | victim in abuse situations that you are going to disqualify
             | into a situation similar to this.
        
               | tomp wrote:
               | I'm a white male who's never been sexually abused but I
               | can clearly see that's wrong.
               | 
               | This, and being more objective / less emotional (due to
               | not seeing it personally) would probably make me a better
               | juror in such a case than someone who's personally
               | experienced it.
        
               | kmonsen wrote:
               | I don't know, I am also a white male and I feel I cannot
               | understand how abuse really works. Of course this might
               | just be me being dense, doesn't say anything about you or
               | anyone else.
        
               | not2b wrote:
               | With no experience of abuse, you might more likely to be
               | persuaded by arguments like "why didn't she report it
               | earlier" than people with actual experience, who know
               | exactly why.
        
               | kazinator wrote:
               | I think the whole concept of random citizens being pulled
               | in for jury duty is idiotic.
               | 
               | Jurors should be professionals who are trained in being
               | jurors: who, for one thing, thoroughly understand topics
               | in critical reasoning such as fallacies, and cognitive
               | biases.
               | 
               | They should be properly paid, and so are not sitting
               | there on a Saturday morning, socking it to the defendant
               | out of spite for being dragged out of their regular lives
               | without adequate compensation.
        
               | sandworm101 wrote:
               | That system exists. They are called bench trials. No
               | defendant is forced us submit to a jury. The defendant
               | doesn't want a jury because he thinks that it will "sock
               | it to him" on a Saturday. He wants a jury because he
               | thinks that his fellow citizens will see that the
               | government is improperly accusing him of a crime. The
               | defendant has the right to a trial by people who are not
               | part of the same government that has accused him. The
               | fact that the jurors don't want to be there, that they
               | have lives away from the court, is exactly what the
               | defendant wants.
        
               | mavhc wrote:
               | Among the small share and number of federal defendants
               | who went to trial in fiscal 2018, those who opted for a
               | bench trial - that is, one in which the verdict is handed
               | down by a judge - fared better than those who opted for a
               | jury trial. Around four-in-ten defendants who faced a
               | bench trial (38%) were acquitted, compared with just 14%
               | of those who faced a jury trial.
               | 
               | https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-
               | tank/2019/06/11/only-2-of-f...
        
               | istjohn wrote:
               | I have to imagine the defendants who opt for a bench
               | trial have reasons for making that choice that don't
               | necessarily apply to the defendants who choose a jury
               | trial.
        
               | kazinator wrote:
               | > _exactly what the defendant wants_
               | 
               | Only if the defendant is a fool. People being the way
               | people are, are just as likely to resent the defendant as
               | the root cause of why they have to be there at all as the
               | are to resent the system (and side with the defendant out
               | of spite for the system).
               | 
               | The latter will likely only happen in a trial that is
               | between the defendant and the system (i.e. the state).
               | 
               | In, say, a criminal trial in which the victim isn't the
               | state, reluctant, resentful jurors will sock it to the
               | defendant. If there is any uncertainty in the decision,
               | that sentiment may sway it.
               | 
               | Resentment of the jury duty concept will predispose
               | jurors to cave in to their social prejudices. Oh, he must
               | have done it; he's a tattoo-covered, prematurely-aged
               | chain smoker with three gold teeth. Everything about this
               | guy says "criminal". Fuck this asshole for making me be
               | here on a Saturday.
               | 
               | Time is an issue. People who are impatient and just want
               | something to be over will not do a good job of sifting
               | through things to get to the truth, which takes time and
               | patience.
        
               | amanaplanacanal wrote:
               | I assume defendants are getting expert advice from
               | attorneys when they make this decision. They should
               | theoretically know _way_ more about this than you or I.
        
               | MrLeap wrote:
               | A professional Jury opens up avenues for corruption.
               | 
               | Maybe someday we can simulate human brains well enough to
               | run the markovs on governance ideas to see if it's worth
               | it.
        
               | commandlinefan wrote:
               | > A professional Jury opens up avenues for corruption
               | 
               | Wouldn't the same logic reject professional judges and
               | attorneys?
        
               | kazinator wrote:
               | Well, the existence of a jury system is a form of that
               | rejection.
        
               | kmonsen wrote:
               | Norway just removed jury duty, and if I remembered
               | correctly the last case that had jury duty the actual
               | judges put the jury verdict aside as they all agreed the
               | jury had misunderstood the law.
               | 
               | Of course judges are not always good as well. In the US
               | they are often elected by a blood thirsty population. If
               | they are not elected that has other issues in that the
               | will of the people is not held by the judges.
        
               | bzbarsky wrote:
               | Why was the jury required to understand the law? That's
               | not a reasonable expectation for random people off the
               | street.
               | 
               | In the US, juries typically decide questions of _fact_
               | that are not already agreed upon by both parties (i.e.
               | are in dispute). Judges handle questions of law.
        
             | mywacaday wrote:
             | Rightly or wrongly its not about disservice to a victim
             | turning up for jury duty its about disservice to the
             | accused. Imagine if you were wrongly prosecuted for for
             | abuse, found guilty and then discovered that three members
             | of the jury had themselves suffered the same abuse you were
             | accused of, you'd immediately look for a re-trial.
        
             | rectang wrote:
             | > _If they came back in tears and were removed from the
             | jury, then the system worked._
             | 
             | Not true, since no _abusers_ came back in tears and were
             | removed from the jury.
             | 
             | Or do you consider abusers impartial but abuse victims
             | biased?
        
             | deanCommie wrote:
             | I find the very premise of trying to find an "impartial"
             | jury very strange. It makes sense at first pass, but falls
             | apart soon after.
             | 
             | Are these not to be a jury of my "peers". Are not all
             | humans biased in one way or another. If being abused
             | creates bias, why wouldn't NOT being abused also not create
             | bias. We don't have perfect access to information.
             | Sometimes in order to be considered impartial, jurors are
             | basically expected to have no familiarity with basic
             | fundamental news stories. Are people so disconnected from
             | reality really "peers"?
             | 
             | Ultimately, I guess, it's the best we can do.
        
               | not2b wrote:
               | The "peers" part is obsolete. In the old English system,
               | a peasant was tried by other peasants, a noble by other
               | nobles. There's no longer a notion that some people are
               | your peers and others aren't.
        
               | 300bps wrote:
               | _Are not all humans biased in one way or another_
               | 
               | This appears to be binary thinking. There are nearly
               | infinite degrees of bias. Strong emotions are one way to
               | ensure that someone is heavily biased. That's what the
               | jury system is trying to avoid.
               | 
               | So someone who has never been abused can still be biased
               | in literally any way. But the presumption is that without
               | having such an emotional personal experience with it
               | means they are less likely to be heavily biased. They'll
               | be more likely to be swayed by the testimony in court
               | rather than their experience outside of the court room.
        
               | woodruffw wrote:
               | Impartiality in a jury trial context doesn't refer to the
               | absence of biases (we all have them and truly getting rid
               | of them is an impossible task), but a conscious effect by
               | the jurors to discharge their office without _prejudice_
               | , i.e., without allowing their biases to manifest as
               | judgments independent of the evidence presented in court.
               | 
               | Put another way: there wouldn't be a point in
               | deliberation if we didn't have biases. Our justice system
               | trusts and (weakly) attempts to enforce the gap between
               | those biases and prejudices that would actually interfere
               | with the court's duty.
        
               | jerf wrote:
               | And to put it another way, the job of a juror is to
               | convict or exonerate the person on trial, not to convict
               | or exonerate their own abusers by proxy.
               | 
               | Vulcans might not have a problem with this, but humans so
               | obviously do that pretending otherwise is impractical.
        
               | bcrosby95 wrote:
               | I've served on a few juries. From my experience, the
               | average person thinks its much easier to get out of it
               | due to biases than it actually is.
        
               | Sebb767 wrote:
               | If you're accused but innocent and provide a good case
               | for your innocence, but a juror provides a crying
               | testimony that no one believed them in the jury room,
               | leading to you being sentenced, you'd probably think
               | differently.
               | 
               | Sure, we can't get a perfectly impartial jury. But
               | someone with a past trauma probably won't be able to
               | judge the case for its merits.
        
           | ClumsyPilot wrote:
           | If we are removing all jurors who have been abused because
           | they are 'not impartial', aren't we left with a collection of
           | people who are totally ignorant?
           | 
           | The jury has to judge how a reasonable person would act in a
           | certain situation, who is lying and who is telling the truth.
           | 
           | Off one end, we have victim blamind and rapists walking free,
           | off another end, uk had "serial liar" who invented false rape
           | allegations and sent 9 innocent people to jail.
        
             | naasking wrote:
             | > The jury has to judge how a reasonable person would act
             | in a certain situation, who is lying and who is telling the
             | truth.
             | 
             | And they should do this by weighing the evidence
             | impartially, not emotionally.
        
               | throwawayboise wrote:
               | Exactly. The juror's ignorance or lack of direct
               | experience with the alleged offense does not make him
               | less able to evaluate the evidence. It is the
               | prosecution's job to present the evidence with enough
               | clarity to remove reasonable doubt.
        
               | int0x2e wrote:
               | But it does play a part if the jurors lack critical
               | context. If no one on the jury can understand how a
               | victim of sexual assault could be frozen during an
               | attack, they might fall into the trap of thinking things
               | like "how could it have been rape if she never said
               | 'no'?" or alternatively, they could cling to some things
               | like a male victim being aroused and assume that means
               | the act was consensual. One could argue that this could
               | simply be explained by the prosecution via expert witness
               | - but I think we all know the Dunning-Kruger effect well
               | enough by now to understand how that won't work in all
               | cases.
               | 
               | I don't know if we should (or even can) aim to have a
               | victim included on any set of jurors, but removing them
               | altogether seems like a very bad strategy.
        
               | throwawayboise wrote:
               | I think it _is_ up to the prosecutor and expert witnesses
               | to deal with that. The presumption is that the defendant
               | is innocent. If the prosecution can not make a convincing
               | case to an _impartial_ jury (not an expert jury), then
               | the defendant goes free. It 's not perfect, but it seems
               | better than the alternatives.
        
             | jeffbee wrote:
             | The whole jury system in founded on ignorance. Both sides
             | don't want anyone who was a cop, knows any cops, has
             | studied the law, or was ever arrested. Often, people with
             | any kind of higher education will be dismissed. Last time I
             | went to jury duty they asked anyone who had ever been party
             | to any legal matter to leave. It's pretty wild.
        
               | ClumsyPilot wrote:
               | I feel this case goes even further than the examples
               | given. Not very familiar with US system, but suppose we
               | had a case of a bar braul, would we ask anyone who has
               | ever had a fight to leave?
        
               | fatbird wrote:
               | One of my philosophy professors was excluded from jury
               | selection, and happened to run into the lawyer who
               | excluded him shortly after in the bathroom, and asked
               | why. The lawyer said it was because he wrote
               | Philosophical Quarterly on his questionnaire, and that he
               | routinely excludes people like my professor who are
               | highly educated.
               | 
               | Why? my professor asked.
               | 
               | Because you don't listen to the lawyers or the judge, he
               | was told. "Big brain" people try to play Matlock and
               | solve the case themselves, or invent theories in their
               | imagination, or get into absurd arguments in the jury
               | room. They screw up the whole process that's designed to
               | bring a high level of rigour and fairness to the
               | situation--what should and shouldn't be considered, how
               | the law applies, etc. They're wild cards that turn trials
               | into a game of chance instead of an orderly adversarial
               | confrontation that's heavily regulated.
               | 
               | People mock jurors routinely, especially the ones who
               | explain their reasoning in interviews afterwards. But
               | studies routinely find that judges agree with the jury's
               | verdict about 80% of the time.
        
               | int_19h wrote:
               | It sounds like he's basically saying that jury should be
               | pro forma, rather than actually mattering.
        
               | fatbird wrote:
               | No, because it's an adversarial process where the jury
               | has to choose between the two sides. On each particular,
               | one side wins and the other loses. Their decisions
               | matter.
               | 
               | But here's the thing: their decisions, ideally, should be
               | made on the basis of the evidence presented to them,
               | their judgement of the credibility of the witnesses, and
               | the instructions of the judge in how to map the facts as
               | they determine them, to the law as described to them.
               | 
               | We shouldn't be okay with a juror voting guilty because
               | of the defendent's race; we shouldn't be okay with
               | someone who says "I'm just going to flip a coin"; I'm not
               | sure it's a bad thing to exclude people who, in the
               | experience of the lawyers trying the case, don't pay
               | attention and invent their own rationales out of whole
               | cloth and make an irrational decision by the standards of
               | the legal reasoning the trial is supposed to provide.
        
               | denismenace wrote:
               | What assures them that non "Big brain" people won't do
               | the same thing? I think for most people it would more
               | interesting running through the scenarios in your head,
               | instead of listening to other people (lawyers) speak.
        
               | fatbird wrote:
               | Their experience, I guess. I know that, of the university
               | professors and professional engineers I know, they are
               | some of the smartest and also some of the dumbest people
               | I've ever met. It's like they invent new ways to be
               | wrong, sometimes. I can easily imagine any of them in a
               | jury room talking complete nonsense about who did what
               | and why and how the law shouldn't be that way or mean
               | that and so they have to acquit--anything but actually
               | listen, follow along, and apply the judge's instructions.
        
               | Ericson2314 wrote:
               | I see what they mean, but still doesn't seem good. I
               | would assume "big brained" witness especially defendants
               | are told by their lawyers to shut up for similar reasons,
               | too.
        
               | fatbird wrote:
               | Hans Reiser would almost certainly be free today if he
               | hadn't overruled his lawyer and taken the stand in his
               | own defence.
        
               | throwawayboise wrote:
               | Defendants often don't testify at all, it's impossible
               | for them to be impartial and generally they can only hurt
               | themselves. They have the presumption of innocence and
               | they don't have to say a word to establish that.
        
               | Ericson2314 wrote:
               | Good points
        
               | sandworm101 wrote:
               | >> Both sides don't want anyone who was a cop
               | 
               | Except for cops. Cops certainly like to have fellow cops
               | on their juries. There is an old joke about removing
               | Manhattan jury cases to Staten Island. All the NYPD cops
               | seem to retire there. So if the case involves potential
               | police wrongdoing or even just police testimony, one side
               | wants a Staten Island jury as many jurors will have at
               | least some familial connection to the police.
        
               | alasdair_ wrote:
               | The same thing happens with national security cases being
               | tried in Virginia. This is one of the main reasons
               | Snowden is unwilling to return to the US - the jury would
               | be massively rigged against him.
        
               | vkou wrote:
               | Is it any more 'rigged' than many of jury trials that do
               | go through?
        
             | Mezzie wrote:
             | Or, you know, _abusers_.
             | 
             | Which I consider a larger problem. Since so much abuse is
             | hidden, the _perpetrators_ also can sit on juries related
             | to sexual assault cases. Delightful.
        
         | bArray wrote:
         | > So roughly 5% (<5 of 84) of the control group were discovered
         | to have themselves been abused and needed to be dropped from
         | the study.
         | 
         | I hope this is accidental bias, or a statistical anomaly. It
         | could be for example that this is overrepresented from the
         | pooled community. I think it would also be important to somehow
         | scale/categorize the level of abuse (physical vs non-physical,
         | penetrative vs non-penetrative, etc).
         | 
         | If it really is 5% (1 in 20 girls) then this would outrank
         | something like COVID in terms of importance.
         | 
         | > The comparison sample (n = 82) was recruited via
         | advertisements in community newspapers and posters in welfare,
         | daycare, and community facilities in the same neighborhoods in
         | which the abused participants lived. Comparison families
         | contacted study personnel and were screened for eligibility,
         | which included having no prior contact with protective service
         | agencies and being demographically similar to a same-aged
         | abused participant. At the time of study entry, comparison
         | families were not informed that the study involved sexually
         | abused females; rather, they were told that the study was of
         | "female growth and development."
         | 
         | I wonder whether this still ended up being a self-selecting
         | group. I can imagine a scenario where a young girl has an awful
         | experience growing up, wants to see change in the upbringing of
         | females and becomes somewhat engaged in related activities.
         | 
         | > He actually said: You better build some more prisons before
         | you start testing babies for this.
         | 
         | I don't think a lack of facilities to deal with a problem is a
         | good reason for not addressing it. At the very least we need to
         | understand the scale of the problem, even if the problem
         | remains unaddressed for the time being.
        
           | NoImmatureAdHom wrote:
           | Your intuition is correct, 5% isn't correct. From another
           | comment I made in this thread:
           | 
           | "In a few cases (N < 5) families were dropped from the
           | comparison group because some history of sexual abuse was
           | ascertained."
           | 
           | I think you are misinterpreting. First, they say:
           | 
           | "...information was obtained about any possible unwanted
           | sexual experiences of the comparison females or other family
           | members"
           | 
           | So interpreting it as 5 of 84 women is incorrect. It's min 5
           | people of 84 families. Given a mean family size of perhaps
           | 3.5 (if by "family" they mean "nuclear family", though I bet
           | they include anyone you know about really--Uncle Bob would
           | count, and one report per family with reports) it's more like
           | 5 out of 294 people, or 1.7%. And I don't think they share
           | their exclusion criteria, which isn't a good sign. And
           | there's a significant selection bias given how they recruited
           | (in a newspaper, for people who have the free time and/or low
           | wealth enough to want to do a study, and in particular on
           | female growth and development).
        
           | v64 wrote:
           | > If it really is 5% (1 in 20 girls) then this would outrank
           | something like COVID in terms of importance.
           | 
           | If you want more information on this, Besser van der Kolk's
           | The Body Keeps the Score, considered to be one of the
           | definitive books on the study of psychological trauma,
           | discusses this in Chapter 10, "Developmental Trauma: The
           | Hidden Epidemic".
           | 
           | While I don't have the book in front of me to quote explicit
           | statistics, the chapter references a number of research
           | studies backing up the conclusion of the doctor in
           | sandworm101's comment.
        
             | pfortuny wrote:
             | Wanted to say the same thing.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | sandworm101 wrote:
           | We don't have hard numbers on kids, but we have some very
           | solid numbers from young adults.
           | 
           | From 2020 Statistics Canada study of university students:
           | 
           | https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/pub/85-002-x/2020001/article.
           | ..
           | 
           | >> One in ten (11%) women students experienced a sexual
           | assault in a postsecondary setting during the previous year.
           | About one in five (19%) women who were sexually assaulted
           | said that the assault took the form of a sexual activity to
           | which they did not consent after they had agreed to another
           | form of sexual activity--for example, agreeing to have
           | protected sex and then learning it had been unprotected sex.
           | 
           | >> Less than one in ten women (8%) and men (6%) who
           | experienced sexual assault, and less than one in ten women
           | (9%) and men (4%) who had experienced unwanted sexualized
           | behaviours spoke about what happened
           | 
           | Given that last stat, we should take whatever number we have
           | for reported assaults' and multiply it by at least ten to
           | cover all the unreported events.
        
             | drevil-v2 wrote:
             | >> One in ten (11%) women students experienced a sexual
             | assault in a postsecondary setting during the previous
             | year. About one in five (19%) women who were sexually
             | assaulted said that the assault took the form of a sexual
             | activity to which they did not consent after they had
             | agreed to another form of sexual activity--for example,
             | agreeing to have protected sex and then learning it had
             | been unprotected sex.
             | 
             | Is there a baseline for what constitutes sexual assault? Or
             | is it entirely subjective?
        
               | sandworm101 wrote:
               | As this is from Statistics Canada, they would be using
               | the government definitions, which include rape on the
               | sexual assault spectrum.
               | 
               | https://www.justice.gc.ca/eng/rp-pr/cj-
               | jp/victim/rr14_01/p10...
        
               | drevil-v2 wrote:
               | Obviously rape would be at one end of the spectrum but
               | what's the distribution of incidents over the entire
               | spectrum?
               | 
               | They say in that report you linked in the OP that they
               | include "behaviours such as unwelcome sexual comments,
               | actions or advances" which are entirely subjective.
        
               | SamoyedFurFluff wrote:
               | Generally sexual encounters in which there is not
               | informed consent between participants is considered
               | assault. Someone who consents to sex with contraception
               | when the sex doesn't have contraception isn't an informed
               | consenting party.
        
             | NoImmatureAdHom wrote:
             | It's important to realize the 11% statistic is a statistic
             | that includes non-consensual ass-grabbing in the same
             | bucket with forcible rape, which isn't informative for most
             | purposes and I can only imagine wasn't done in good faith.
             | 
             | Here is from that report, things that constitute "sexual
             | assault":                   "Sexual attack: Forcing or
             | attempted forcing into any unwanted sexual activity, by
             | threatening, holding down, or hurting in some way;
             | Unwanted sexual touching: Touching against a person's will
             | in any sexual way, including unwanted touching or grabbing,
             | kissing, or fondling;         Sexual activity where unable
             | to consent: Subjecting to a sexual activity to which a
             | person was not able to consent, including being
             | intoxicated, drugged, manipulated, or forced in ways other
             | than physically;         Sexual activity to which a person
             | did not consent, after they consented to another form of
             | sexual activity (for example, agreeing to protected sex and
             | then learning it had been unprotected sex)."
             | 
             | Those things constitute 11% sexual assault number you cite.
             | It's important to realize that "sexual assault" to most
             | people means rape and things that are pretty close to rape,
             | so that's how they'll interpret the 11% number, but the
             | criteria include "Touching against a person's will in any
             | sexual way, including unwanted touching or grabbing,
             | kissing, or fondling;" and I don't see a breakdown by type.
             | I would imagine that the vast majority of positive reports
             | were in the non-consensual touching bucket. So we're
             | looking at a statistic that includes non-consensual ass-
             | grabbing in the same bucket with forcible rape. I guess
             | I've been sexually assaulted numerous times.
             | 
             | Don't take this to trivialize bad experiences people have
             | had, take it as an attack on shoddy methods that are
             | clearly designed to stoke fires of indignation rather than
             | shed light on a prickly topic.
             | 
             | >Given that last stat... I don't think you're interpreting
             | this correctly.
        
               | noptd wrote:
               | I agree, bucketing all of those experiences together
               | seems extremely misleading.
        
           | SamoyedFurFluff wrote:
           | Very seriously: no, that's not an aberration. Sexual abuse is
           | at a massive scale and the abuse is highly normalized.
           | America still has child brides legalized such that there are
           | services to look up states to travel to in order to perform a
           | child marriage by age, documentation requirements, fees, etc.
        
             | beebeepka wrote:
             | What exactly are you talking about? This sounds an awful
             | lot like what some Roma people practice here in the bad
             | parts of Europe
        
               | SamoyedFurFluff wrote:
               | I mean quite seriously that putting children in romantic,
               | intimate relationships is legal in America. Only 6 states
               | have banned marrying children. I'm emphasizing this
               | because I want to point out the degree in which sexual
               | violence is normalized, to the point where 5 percent of
               | women in a study who believed they weren't sexually
               | abused might realize they have been and be dropped out of
               | the study is totally within the bounds of reality.
        
           | Foobar8568 wrote:
           | 100% of women who have taken the Parisian subway have been
           | sexually harassed at least once a year. 72% while walking in
           | Lausanne. Sexual harassment is rampant but we teach kids to
           | not snitch or bring problems to their parents/teachers. Same
           | in ocmpanies, so as far as I am concerned, 5% seems to be
           | fairly low.
        
         | hkt wrote:
         | Similar story here except with journalism: I did a course in
         | media law where it was explained that victims of sex crimes
         | always get lifelong anonymity. Journalists must avoid "jigsaw
         | identification", eg giving away details that might identify the
         | victim.
         | 
         | This means in cases of incest it is impossible to report the
         | incest element because it is too easy to identify the victim if
         | you say "x raped his daughter". So it appears in the press as
         | though attacks are random, when actually a shocking number (10%
         | seems conservative) are in the family.
         | 
         | As a sibling comment says, it is chilling.
        
           | Retric wrote:
           | 10% would be of all teen births not all rapes. I suspect that
           | 10% pregnancy number would represent a much higher percentage
           | of teen rapes.
        
         | wantsanagent wrote:
         | Figure 2b also notes that of the original 82 comparison group
         | individuals _13_ were dropped due to revelation of abuse.
        
         | ryan93 wrote:
        
         | zapdrive wrote:
         | 10%? It's sickening if it's true. If building more prisons is
         | what is needed to deal with this actual pandemic, then I guess
         | we should start building prisons.
        
         | lmkg wrote:
         | Apparently something similar happened when X-Rays started
         | becoming routine. Doctors X-raying kids saw evidence that _so
         | many_ of them had a history of broken bones from abuse. It took
         | a while for the medical community as a whole to acknowledge
         | that widespread child abuse was actually occurring, and longer
         | to wrangle with the idea that it was something that was within
         | their mandate as doctors to do something about.
         | 
         | https://reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/me33bo/did_x_ray...
         | 
         | (Yes it's reddit, but it's Ask Historians. Responses tend to be
         | high-quality because their moderation policy embraces
         | Sturgeon's Law.)
        
           | SamoyedFurFluff wrote:
           | Dealing with abused children is unfortunately common in
           | pediatric medicine and is a huge reason for burnout in the
           | field, because a doctor will know about neglect happening
           | that's not "bad enough" to call someone about, or if they do,
           | they know nothing will happen because even the services to
           | get kids out of neglectful situations are themselves rife
           | with abuse.
        
             | cjaro wrote:
             | The veterinary field is the same way. I saw a TON of abused
             | pets & animals when I was doing vet tech work. I ultimately
             | decided not to pursue vet school.
        
             | EdwardDiego wrote:
             | Don't they have mandatory reporting requirements? I know
             | they exist in my jurisdiction.
        
           | KarlKemp wrote:
           | Good if they actually went where the data led them.
           | 
           | Sigmund Freud famously changed his mind at some point: he had
           | so many young female patients with stories of sexual abuse
           | that he decided it must be a rather common fetish among young
           | girls to make up these stories. He just couldn't believe that
           | a third or so of Vienna's upper crust would rape their
           | daughters.
        
             | phkahler wrote:
             | >> He just couldn't believe that a third or so of Vienna's
             | upper crust would rape their daughters.
             | 
             | Well that's why they were his patients. Duh. OTOH he wrote
             | a lot about his weird ideas around sex, much of it
             | projection - he apparently was the one with erotic feeling
             | toward his mother. The only things Freud wrote that I agree
             | with turns out were first theorized by someone else.
        
           | s1artibartfast wrote:
           | There is a similar social issue waiting to blow up regarding
           | genetic screening. Estimates are that 10-15% of children are
           | from infidelity
        
             | User23 wrote:
             | I believe that's the rate for people who seek out a
             | paternity test, which is to say are already suspicious. The
             | overall population nonpaternity rate is about 3%[1].
             | 
             | As an aside, obstetricians often notice nonpaternity
             | because of the child having an impossible blood type for
             | the putative father. The ones I've spoken to prefer to stay
             | silent when they notice it.
             | 
             | [1] https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19320216/
        
               | s1artibartfast wrote:
               | Thank you for the correction.
        
             | astura wrote:
             | >Estimates are that 10-15% of children are from infidelity
             | 
             | Extremely Misleading, from the studies I've seen these high
             | numbers are percentage of people seeking paternity tests,
             | not from the general public as a whole. If you're seeking a
             | paternity test you already are suspecting infidelity.
        
             | throwaway6734 wrote:
             | I'm surprised genetic testing isn't always performed at
             | birth
        
             | onphonenow wrote:
             | Parental testing should be mandatory at birth perhaps for
             | these issues. Or at least if someone is going to go claim
             | child support.
        
               | mdavis6890 wrote:
               | The father - and should be - is the one who raises the
               | child. It is for this reason that (in the US) "father" of
               | record is always the husband unless it is explicitly
               | questioned and investigated.
               | 
               | Assuming we're talking about a happy family with two
               | eager parents, what is helped by investigating the
               | child's genetic "paternity," when the father is right
               | there holding the baby?
        
               | onphonenow wrote:
               | Because he may be victim of a fraud? ie, the baby is
               | someone elses?
               | 
               | Because the actual biological father may want a role in
               | his childs life?
               | 
               | Because the state has a bit of interest in accuracy in
               | its medical / birth certificate and other records?
               | 
               | Because many births are to single mothers and the absent
               | father may have certain financial and other
               | responsibilities for the child?
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | avgcorrection wrote:
               | > The father [is] - and should be - the one who raises
               | the child.
               | 
               | We're implicitly dealing with two senses of the word
               | "father" in this context which makes most of your
               | sentences seem both commonsensical and ambigious.
        
               | awakeasleep wrote:
               | On paternity attestation forms in the usa there is a
               | clause saying the marriage/legal father is not the father
               | of record if the mother was in another relationship 9-10
               | months ago.
        
               | resoluteteeth wrote:
               | If it was going to be mandatory it would be much better
               | to do it before birth using amniotic fluid. Waiting for
               | the child to be born and then suddenly telling one parent
               | that it's not their biological child isn't a great idea.
        
               | EdwardDiego wrote:
               | Amniocentesis carries a small, but real, risk of
               | miscarriage
        
               | bluecalm wrote:
               | Well, it's always the potential father that gets the news
               | not one of the parents. Maybe it's not ideal to tell them
               | once the child is born but it's still better than not
               | telling them at all.
        
               | onphonenow wrote:
               | That's an interesting idea, but a fair number of families
               | don't want to do amniotic fluid testing. Paternity and
               | maternity issues are pretty low incidence issues, but is
               | VERY rough if it pops up with a 4 year old in the mix.
               | 
               | If you've got wrong dad in the picture, at birth is a
               | good time to chase down the right father! Get him paying
               | child support if needed. Non-bio dad could still decide
               | to stay around if desired - but transparency / honesty on
               | the table.
        
               | toomuchtodo wrote:
               | It can be done with a noninvasive blood test of the
               | mother. I am a firm proponent of mandatory testing so
               | fathers aren't financially responsible for children that
               | aren't theirs (without their knowledge and consent).
               | Historically, if a father later determines they're not
               | the biological parent, family court will still stick them
               | with child support until the child is 18 (or even older,
               | sometimes requiring college support).
               | 
               | https://americanpregnancy.org/paternity-tests/non-
               | invasive-p...
        
               | mbreese wrote:
               | What will that accomplish? If a putative father is
               | already suspicious (and doesn't want to be a father),
               | sure, then having a NIPT would make sense. But there is
               | already an avenue for that. You would want to make that
               | mandatory for all pregnancies? Not everyone wants to know
               | that information and having a mandatory test could force
               | people (fathers) into situations they don't want to be
               | in.
               | 
               | Kids are more than a financial responsibility.
        
               | toomuchtodo wrote:
               | If it's not your kid biologically, and you're not a
               | willing participant, it's not your responsibility. Pursue
               | the biological parent for support. To do otherwise is
               | equivalent to fraud.
               | 
               | We don't force foster kids on people without their
               | informed consent. This is no different.
               | 
               | Edit: We agree to disagree. I fall firmly in the
               | mandatory testing camp for accuracy of paternity for all
               | involved parties. Trust but verify.
        
               | mbreese wrote:
               | If you're not a willing participant, then you can still
               | have the test. If you're the type where if the kid isn't
               | your biological kid, then you wouldn't want to be a
               | father to them -- then get a test.
               | 
               | The question is -- should it be mandatory for all
               | pregnancies? Willing participant or otherwise. I'm not
               | saying no one should have paternity testing. It should
               | certainly be available. I just don't think you should
               | mandate it.
        
               | onphonenow wrote:
               | Wow, NIPP testing is very cool - didn't know about that.
        
         | paganel wrote:
         | > In his experience, amongst pregnant teenagers (17 and
         | younger) about 10% were pregnant by their own fathers/brothers.
         | 
         | I refuse to believe that. I mean, yeah, the man had direct
         | contact with such cases and probably had been in the field for
         | tens of years while I'm just a computer programmer but I still
         | refuse to believe it.
        
           | throwaway2331 wrote:
           | That's because you've been sheltered from most of it; and
           | most of the time it's "kept within the family," never made
           | public, and simply swept under the rug -- so as to not "break
           | apart the family" (at the cost of one victim).
           | 
           | People will allow all sorts of horrendous things to happen,
           | if it serves their interests.
           | 
           | Father rapes his daughter? The mother refuses to believe it:
           | thinks her daughter is only doing it for attention; doesn't
           | want her "perfect" family image to get shattered (plus, daddy
           | dearest pays the bills and funds her lifestyle). Same goes
           | for extended family.
           | 
           | "It couldn't happen in our family." "You know how teenage
           | girls are." "He would never do something like that. I've
           | known him for decades."
           | 
           | Cognitively checking-out, because it's not their "problem."
           | And other forms of dissonance.
           | 
           | Those are only the stats for pregnancy, though. I'm sure the
           | incidence of sexual abuse without pregnancy is higher.
        
             | amanaplanacanal wrote:
             | I'm 64 years old, so I've been around a while. Essentially
             | every woman I have ever been close enough with to discuss
             | these issues has reported either being sexually abused as a
             | child or raped as an adult. As a young man I never realized
             | how widespread this is.
        
           | pfortuny wrote:
           | Well, it is his expertise. Have you read "the body keeps the
           | score"? Really enlightening.
        
           | dkarl wrote:
           | I get what you're getting at, that we should trust the
           | experts who have professional experience with a problem, but
           | on the other hand, he didn't say how he arrived at that 10%
           | number, and we don't know if his opinion is an outlier among
           | medical doctors. And we do know, because we're witnessing it,
           | that his statement is being amplified by non-medical
           | professionals for the precise reason that it would be urgent
           | and shocking if true. A lot of questionable information about
           | Covid was amplified this way, because "a doctor" said it.
           | 
           | Before we take the information at face value, we would expect
           | some kind of support for his statement from other
           | professionals. There are scientists who study the factors
           | relating teenage pregnancy, as well as advocates for sexual
           | abuse victims who uncover and publicize facts like these. If
           | the information is something that has never been formally
           | studied but is something that doctors "just know," there are
           | tens of thousands (at least) of medical professionals who
           | have regular contact with different populations of pregnant
           | teenagers in the United States alone. If there's a widespread
           | suspicion that the number might be 10% or more, that would
           | mean a lot more than one doctor making an off-the-cuff remark
           | in the audience of a law lecture.
        
             | throwawayboise wrote:
             | > he didn't say how he arrived at that 10% number
             | 
             | With the recent popularity of genetic testing services for
             | health and ancestry tracing, I would think this would be
             | easy to tease out of the data. Of course not many people
             | will expect to see as part of the report that their father
             | is also their grandfather or uncle; I wonder how these
             | services handle that?
        
           | SamoyedFurFluff wrote:
           | I know it is probably shocking and supremely disgusting to
           | realize but it is important to validate when people are
           | victims of abuse, because they're already traumatized. It's
           | even worse when people try to pretend it doesn't happen or
           | refuse to believe it happens to the extent it does because
           | it's like being victimized a second time: not only is your
           | body taken from you but your experiences are denied from you
           | too.
        
             | [deleted]
        
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