[HN Gopher] More than 1M fewer students are in college, the lowe...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       More than 1M fewer students are in college, the lowest numbers in
       50 years
        
       Author : Takizawamura
       Score  : 424 points
       Date   : 2022-01-13 12:33 UTC (10 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.npr.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.npr.org)
        
       | eljimmy wrote:
       | I checked the tuition fees for my university CS degree and it's
       | now just over $10,000 CAD per year for a bachelor. That's
       | actually not that bad of an increase considering I was paying
       | around $6,000 CAD about 15 years ago.
       | 
       | I presume there are cheap colleges and universities in the states
       | as well that are just as educational as the big name schools.
        
       | wintermutestwin wrote:
       | My kids are going to college in an EU country where their BA
       | degrees take three years, but each class is related to their
       | major. In the US, our inane curriculum wastes two years retaking
       | general ed classes that they should have learned in HS.
       | 
       | Borrowing to pay tuition to take general ED classes is dumb, and
       | yet, this is the path that is pushed on our best and brightest.
       | 
       | At the least, kids should gen ed in Community College. At the
       | best, we should reform or horrible curriculum.
        
       | songzme wrote:
       | Universities are places where you go for intellectual pursuit of
       | your interests, which is why majors like "study of russian
       | history", "Anthropology And Archeology" exists. The major may be
       | useless for employment, but the study helps preserve history and
       | can be very interesting for the students who are passionate about
       | it.
       | 
       | Somehow, society wrongly started associating universities for
       | corporate job preparation.
       | 
       | I think people are starting to realize that if you want to get
       | prepared for work, you should go to a trade training (like
       | bootcamps). If you are priviledged enough to pursue your
       | interests, then universities are a great place to be.
        
       | awb wrote:
       | I've been recruiting for US startups since 2008, probably
       | recruited over 100 folks from engineers to C-level.
       | 
       | I have never considered a candidate's college or if they even
       | attended one. The only thing I evaluated is what they
       | accomplished in the last 1-2 years. That meant hiring some
       | brilliant engineers straight out of high school.
       | 
       | Most of these candidates were early stage hires for dozens of
       | companies that went on to become billion dollar public companies
       | or get acquired for 8-10 figures.
       | 
       | As far as a springboard for a career, I haven't seen colleges
       | come close to worth the price of admission.
       | 
       | Almost your entire career value is dependent on how well you can
       | self-learn and self-motivate. The one important piece that school
       | might teach or give you exposure to is how to collaborate
       | effectively with others.
        
         | netsec_burn wrote:
         | I can attest to universities not being useful for helping you
         | get in to a career, besides resume writing. I attended one
         | career fair sponsored by a university I attended. There were
         | about 60 different booths, and two of them were tech companies.
         | The first offered 40k/yr. They had already reached out to me
         | prior to the career fair and I declined to move cities for a
         | 40k/yr position, there were plenty of state jobs paying that.
         | The second was Amazon. I asked if they had any SWE roles. They
         | said there were only warehouse jobs.
        
         | strikelaserclaw wrote:
         | My ideal college would be 2 years of straight up technical
         | computer science/math, followed by straight going into the
         | industry. If you want to learn theory in depth, that is what
         | grad school should be for.
        
           | cryptolake wrote:
           | That's exactly what I'm studying right now at holberton
           | school in tunisia, it's project based and we dive into the
           | fundamentals pretty well for a year and then choose a
           | specialization in the other year, it's pretty good so far.
        
         | ryanmarsh wrote:
         | > As far as a springboard for a career, I haven't seen colleges
         | come close to worth the price of admission.
         | 
         | This right here.
         | 
         | The strongest argument against the status quo is that the juice
         | isn't worth the squeeze.
         | 
         | In aggregate college graduates could achieve equal or greater
         | levels of learning, relative to their chosen profession, and
         | cost, with education regimes other than the typical four year
         | state college experience.
        
       | cush wrote:
       | Good. It's a waste of money for most people, and not worth
       | literally living in poverty. It's great that students have
       | stopped falling for the scam.
        
       | baby-yoda wrote:
       | colleges have been expanding with zero constraints for 20+ years
       | - demand for degrees increased significantly, enrollment went up
       | and up, student loans being federally backed were given out to
       | anyone for any amount so tuition naturally increased
       | substantially. seemingly limitless growth opportunity?
       | 
       | now many are massively bloated organizations with declining
       | utility and the need to maintain their perpetual growth - who
       | wants to cut costs? the downward spiral is only going to
       | accelerate, IMO. and that doesn't even account for declining
       | birth rates. my feeling is the next 20 years will see the higher
       | ed industry contract rather quickly and the universities that
       | remain will deliver either on quality (increasingly difficult to
       | hold an advantage) or accessibility (inexpensive, contemporary
       | workforce training since employers no longer do that).
        
         | pm90 wrote:
         | The population of the US has increased all this time too, and
         | so has foreign student enrollment.
        
           | rossdavidh wrote:
           | Not the college-age population, however.
        
         | syki wrote:
         | Enrollment in higher ed decreased 7% from 2008 to 2018. It's
         | not true that colleges have been expanding with zero
         | constraints. The increase in tuition at public colleges and
         | universities has occurred with the decrease in public funding
         | per student. At my system 20 years ago roughly 60% of the cost
         | of education was publicly funded and now it is 40%. We've
         | correspondingly increased tuition.
         | 
         | https://nces.ed.gov/programs/digest/d19/ch_3.asp
        
           | asdff wrote:
           | That's average, but when you look at what happens on the
           | ground, the winners, like the name brand schools you've
           | probably heard of before, are all expanding and building new
           | dorms and labs and athletic facilities, and the losers, those
           | random liberal arts schools in the middle of nowhere in new
           | england and such, are closing down and selling off their
           | property. It's hard to find a major university that isn't
           | constructing some massive donor-backed capital project as we
           | speak, and acceptance rates at major state schools across the
           | board has been dropping like a stone; even schools like Cal
           | State are becoming very competitive.
        
           | baby-yoda wrote:
           | thank you for linking stats. going back to 1998 there is
           | clearly huge growth. total enrollment might already be taking
           | a hit but i am referring more to the expenditure side of
           | things - dorm buildings, campus luxuries, etc. the figures
           | from your link display this, IMO. especially the
           | expenditures.
           | 
           | https://nces.ed.gov/programs/digest/d19/figures/fig_12.asp
           | 
           | but to be fair, yes the stats do indicate a decrease in
           | enrollment. however degrees conferred has increased despite a
           | decline in enrollment, any guesses as to that?
        
             | syki wrote:
             | There was growth in enrollment up until 2010. Colleges have
             | been struggling since then. They need bodies and need to
             | attract students. Standards for acceptance have gone down
             | and grade inflation has gone up. Though grade inflation has
             | been a thing for many decades now.
             | 
             | As to your question. It's easier to get a degree now since
             | standards have been lowered since we need to retain
             | students. The cost of acquiring a student is much higher
             | than retaining a student so a lot of effort has gone into
             | retention. What this boils down to in my opinion is the
             | need to pass students. Not failing students is the easiest
             | way to retain them.
        
               | baby-yoda wrote:
               | makes sense, i hadn't thought about the grade inflation
               | aspect. somewhat akin to the prevalence of fraud in asset
               | bubbles.
               | 
               | i also wonder if something like the power law is in play
               | - larger schools fairing better with a larger student
               | base to allocate acquisition costs over, vs smaller
               | specialty schools. anecdotally i have seen one or two
               | small schools close to me close/merge with other schools.
        
             | [deleted]
        
       | indymike wrote:
       | There are three problems that colleges need to fix.
       | 
       | 1) Skilled trades pay better than most bachelor's degree track
       | jobs. My kids can make more money with a six month apprenticeship
       | than they will with all but a few 4 year degrees. If you can
       | drive a forklift, you can make $45K/yr... which is identical to
       | what an firsty year teacher makes.
       | 
       | 2) There are better options than college for many. One of my
       | daughters did a six month digital marketing bootcamp. She made
       | $45k year one, and a year later is the director of marketing at
       | her company making over $100k/yr.
       | 
       | 3) College is way over priced. They claim graduates make 40% over
       | their lifetime vs. non grads. JP Morgan Chase did a study two
       | years ago that shows kids that had a job, any job before age 18
       | make 35% more than their peers over their lifetime regardless of
       | degree.
       | 
       | 4) Student loans are a horror that needs to stop. Young people
       | should not be put in debt-bondage. Imagine America's financial
       | health if we let young people start families and careers debt
       | free.
        
         | rurp wrote:
         | > kids that had a job, any job before age 18 make 35% more than
         | their peers over their lifetime regardless of degree.
         | 
         | I'm surprised by the magnitude but I can see why this would be
         | the case. Working teenagers probably correlate with having
         | parents who value work. Plus it teaches some valuable skills
         | early on. An entry level job can throw all sorts of
         | uncomfortable challenges at you, which you are expected to
         | handle in stride.
         | 
         | I'd say there's a societal benefit as well, due to the empathy
         | it promotes. Most people work very different jobs as an adult
         | than they would as a teenager. Having more perspective on what
         | other workers experience makes one more kind and reasonable in
         | general.
        
           | HNDen21 wrote:
           | If you for example do some open source projects between 15
           | and 18 and then get a job after finishing high school.. by
           | the time the other person graduates college you will already
           | have 4 years of experience and be a mid level/senior
           | developer.. so you have a start of 4 years in terms of money
           | as well as experience
           | 
           | We only look at college degrees for people without
           | experience... for people that have experience, we don't care
           | about the college sine it is all outdated stuff anyway... the
           | interview will tell us what we want to know
        
             | rurp wrote:
             | This reminds me of some research I've seen supporting this
             | effect. I can't remember the exact study but basically a
             | large factory shut down putting a lot of people out of
             | work, who were then offered free schooling to learn a new
             | trade. After some number of years they looked back on those
             | individuals and the ones who took the free training had
             | actually done worse on average than the ones who had turned
             | it down.
             | 
             | The effect seemed to be just what you're describing. Even
             | though most of the non-schooling group got worse jobs to
             | start, they had several years of lead time to build
             | experience and get pay raises which ended up being more
             | valuable than the certificate or degree the other group
             | got.
        
           | sjostrom7 wrote:
           | You're probably also more able to work if your folks make
           | enough money to have a stay-at-home parent (so you don't have
           | to watch your younger siblings), buy you a car to get back
           | and forth from your job, etc. Without seeing how they
           | actually did this study, I'll go ahead and chalk most of this
           | up to generational privilege.
        
             | rurp wrote:
             | Hmmm I'd want to see some data on this before drawing any
             | conclusions, because my anecdotal experience is the
             | opposite. The poor teenagers I knew pretty much all had
             | jobs, in large part because they needed the money. Their
             | only option to be able to buy new clothes or a used car was
             | to earn the money themselves. Well off kids didn't have
             | that same sort of pressure.
        
             | throwawayboise wrote:
             | My first job as a teen was delivering newspapers (not sure
             | that's really an option anymore, though). I also cut lawns
             | in the summer. All of that was on foot or bicycle. Didn't
             | have a car until I was 18.
        
         | kube-system wrote:
         | I think this view is indicative of a massive failure of
         | cultural expectations.
         | 
         | At what point in the past 50 years did we start expecting
         | academic liberal arts institutions to start churning out people
         | with vocational skills? These are entirely different things.
         | 
         | The fact that an average 1970's college graduate was highly
         | employable has nothing to do with those colleges having good
         | vocational training programs, and everything to do with
         | selection bias of those who attended and the economics of the
         | time.
         | 
         | If you need vocational skills, you should enroll in a
         | vocational program.
        
           | eli_gottlieb wrote:
           | >At what point in the past 50 years did we start expecting
           | academic liberal arts institutions to start churning out
           | people with vocational skills? These are entirely different
           | things.
           | 
           | The point where they started taking in about half of each
           | rising generation as freshman instead of 5%.
        
             | kube-system wrote:
             | And whose fault is that? It's the parents and advisors that
             | said "go to college and you'll get a good job" when they
             | weren't cut out for it (or didn't even _want_ to do it). It
             | 's the voters who pushed for students loans "to give all of
             | our students a chance".
             | 
             | If you give people who aren't cut out to do something, a
             | chance to do that thing, it's expected that more people
             | will fail. We are now living with the predictable result of
             | pushing unmotivated and uninterested kids to "just try it
             | out", and handing them a credit card to do it with.
        
               | eli_gottlieb wrote:
               | >And whose fault is that?
               | 
               | The universities were happy to take the money, from the
               | elite-but-useless private schools to the underfunded but
               | more practical public engineering colleges. Only changing
               | the incentives will change the results.
        
         | j_autumn wrote:
         | May I ask which Bootcamp that was? I'm interested in learning
         | more about marketing :)
        
         | throwaway75787 wrote:
         | Out of interest, could you please point me in the direction of
         | the digital marketing bootcamp that your daughter toook?
        
         | elihu wrote:
         | > Skilled trades pay better than most bachelor's degree track
         | jobs.
         | 
         | The impression I get from hanging out a bit in the welding
         | subreddit is that a lot of people get into welding thinking
         | it'll be a lucrative profession (because that's what people on
         | the internet say about plumbers and welders and electricians
         | and so forth), and what they eventually discover is that while
         | it's possible to make a lot of money as a welder, that really
         | only works if you own your own business. If you take a job
         | working as someone else's employee, the pay usually isn't all
         | that great.
         | 
         | That isn't to say that people shouldn't get into welding, it's
         | just that they should have the right strategy and expectation
         | going in.
        
         | PopeUrbanX wrote:
        
         | vmception wrote:
         | There aren't colleges problem. Its coincidence that for the
         | last 60 years people felt like they _needed_ college, while
         | colleges insist that people want to be there for obscure higher
         | education for the sake of pursuing obscure higher education.
         | Turns out this was true for hundreds of years before inclusion
         | was even a concept, and will exist for the next hundreds of
         | years as people find another option.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | jjulius wrote:
           | >There aren't colleges problem. Its coincidence that for the
           | last 60 years people felt like they needed college...
           | 
           | Colleges - especially for-profit colleges - have certainly
           | contributed to that feeling.
        
             | vmception wrote:
             | I agree that many parties have seized on the opportunity
             | presented, and I am just as apathetic to which institutions
             | will cease to exist in any disruption to their finances.
             | the concept will remain around.
        
           | rPlayer6554 wrote:
           | The colleges were willing to jack up the price to take
           | advantage of the government giving out loans. They are a
           | major part of the problem as well.
        
             | kube-system wrote:
             | And those that did, used the funds to build new campuses
             | and cutting-edge programs. And students overwhelmingly
             | chose to go to these more expensive and larger schools
             | while smaller and more modest schools struggled to attract
             | students.
        
           | [deleted]
        
         | jimbokun wrote:
         | > She made $45k year one, and a year later is the director of
         | marketing at her company making over $100k/yr.
         | 
         | That...is one heck of a promotion. Good for her!
        
         | jacobolus wrote:
         | > _kids that had a job, any job before age 18 make 35% more
         | than their peers over their lifetime_
         | 
         | Just as with claims about college, there is a huge selection
         | bias in this observation. (A substantially higher proportion of
         | youngish Americans obtain a bachelors degree than have a job
         | before age 18.)
         | 
         | Edit: Let's be clear: there is obviously a huge selection bias
         | when talking about college as well, which should not be
         | ignored.
        
           | texasbigdata wrote:
           | That's the point?
        
           | dionidium wrote:
           | > _A substantially higher proportion of Americans obtain a
           | bachelors degree than have a job before age 18._
           | 
           | Is this true? I got a job as soon as I was legally allowed to
           | and so did every one of my friends in high school. Where I'm
           | from you were seen as kind of a loser if you didn't work over
           | the summer, at least. I'd guess it was something like 90% of
           | kids at my school worked at some point in high school.
           | 
           | Edit: Here's a chart [0]. These numbers are much smaller than
           | I expected (although keep in mind this is a snapshot, not the
           | percentage who _at any point in high school_ will have had a
           | job), but what 's really surprising is that the number of
           | high school kids working has collapsed since I was in high
           | school.
           | 
           | [0] https://www.statista.com/statistics/477668/percentage-of-
           | you...
        
             | rurp wrote:
             | Interesting. I'm also surprised by those numbers. I had a
             | job in high school and so did most of my friends. Maybe not
             | 90% of them, but I'm sure it was >60% of people I knew.
        
               | ghaff wrote:
               | Here's something more detailed from BLS.
               | https://www.bls.gov/opub/mlr/2017/article/teen-labor-
               | force-p...
               | 
               | It suggests the difference is more teens in school. One
               | can also imagine more focus on extracurriculars etc.
               | within a certain demographic over a job flipping burgers.
        
             | nathanyz wrote:
             | Wonder what the cause is for the drop off from ~30% to
             | under 20%?
             | 
             | Speculation but maybe boomer money allows their kids not to
             | need to work as much as past.
        
               | jacobolus wrote:
               | Or more competition from older workers for entry-level
               | service jobs, after the 2008 recession.
        
               | dionidium wrote:
               | Maybe it's whatever is causing a more general decline in
               | labor force participation?
               | 
               | https://twitter.com/AlecStapp/status/1481468372911116295
        
           | tryptophan wrote:
           | Yes, but it is interesting which bias gets ignored and which
           | one gets pointed out.
           | 
           | > Collage increases earnings!
           | 
           | "Yay lets send everyone to collage and give out >1T$ of
           | loans"
           | 
           | > Early work experience increases earnings!
           | 
           | "Confounding factors and selection bias!"
        
             | [deleted]
        
         | endisneigh wrote:
         | Im very skeptical of this post:
         | 
         | 1. Many trades also pay like crap and have a very limited
         | window in which you can do it. In addition many are not
         | welcoming to women at all, regardless even if you take the
         | highest paying trades, do they pay more than the highest paying
         | careers that require higher education?
         | 
         | 2. Which boot camp? How many people ended up like your
         | daughter? How much was it? Without these facts no comparison
         | can be made.
         | 
         | 3. Some colleges perhaps, smart people can get full
         | scholarships and even without that community college plus a
         | cheap state school isn't expensive. Link to your study? Did
         | these people not go to college?
         | 
         | 4. As you've already demonstrated college is hardly required
         | let alone loans.
         | 
         | I'm surprised this is the top post.
         | 
         | Average College grads make more money over their lifetime,
         | period.
         | 
         | https://www2.ed.gov/policy/highered/reg/hearulemaking/2011/c...
        
           | zaidf wrote:
           | The PDF you linked cites lifetime earning data collected from
           | the previous century. It might tell you about how things were
           | 1950-2000. But says little about our current Internet-driven
           | world.
        
           | zebraflask wrote:
           | I think #1 needs to factor in cost of living. In many urban
           | areas, 45K is near or even below the poverty level for a
           | single worker.
        
             | geodel wrote:
             | Well , one thing to consider is who more likely need to
             | stay in urban area. I think it is required more for college
             | educated compared to tradespeople.
        
               | zebraflask wrote:
               | To find white collar employment? At least before remote
               | work became prevalent recently, I suppose so.
               | 
               | On the other hand, the infrastructure for a large urban
               | area doesn't run itself! Trade work is definitely needed
               | to keep the roads paved and cars functional, the
               | warehouses and stores stocked, the buildings in repair,
               | etc., I would hazard even more so than in less urbanized
               | areas.
               | 
               | I think what I'm getting at is that it seems a little too
               | facile to say uncritically that anyone can just go drive
               | a forklift and expect to make a reasonably liveable
               | income.
        
           | upsidesinclude wrote:
           | What? you slam that post for not supplying the information
           | and yet state >[trades] are not welcoming to women at all /
           | last time I looked at ANY trade, they are begging women to
           | come WORK. Maybe that's what you meant though
        
             | BigRedDog1669 wrote:
             | What do you mean by "last time I looked at ANY trade, they
             | are begging women to come WORK."? By looking at trades, do
             | you mean look at a website claiming to want women to work
             | in them? The PR/advertising spins on jobs don't always
             | align with the working conditions driving anyone with
             | standards or a family away. See how "essential" workers
             | have been treated during the pandemic. If you listen to the
             | radio, they are being begged to work. But that work is
             | conditional on bad pay and conditions often.
             | 
             | Edit: I'm not trying to claim there aren't good trades,
             | just that the "word on the block" about how easy it is to
             | get a job doesn't always reflect reality.
        
           | pvarangot wrote:
           | > Average College grads make more money over their lifetime,
           | period.
           | 
           | So that doesn't mean that if those people hadn't gone to
           | college they wouldn't be making that extra money.
           | 
           | No one is saying that people that go to college are less
           | valuable, what's in question is exactly what is college
           | attendance adding that can't just be created in a less
           | expensive, less elitist and more efficient environment.
           | 
           | Period.
        
             | endisneigh wrote:
             | Sure, but the parent post is talking about salaries here.
             | 
             | And no one is going to run an experiment on their own life
             | but observationally, yes, that's what's happening in
             | aggregate.
        
           | silisili wrote:
           | Re 1, at least in the US, it's very dependent on market and
           | path.
           | 
           | I have two family members who have been pipefitters for 20
           | years. Both make more than I do as a software engineer.
           | Another is a doctor, and makes more than they do. But another
           | does boat repair, and makes more than the doctor.
           | 
           | If the last decade is any indication, skilled labor -
           | especially those not afraid to own their own business, are
           | set to make a killing. It's nearly impossible to even get
           | people to come out for normal household jobs anymore -
           | they're all way too busy with more lucrative clients.
        
             | tapatio wrote:
             | "It's nearly impossible to even get people to come out for
             | normal household jobs anymore"
             | 
             | Yup, residential clients are bottom feeders - avoid them at
             | all costs - nothing but a hassle. The good money, and work,
             | is with commercial clients.
        
             | welshwelsh wrote:
             | I'm sure there are some pipefitters who make a lot of
             | money, but we should go by averages, not outliers.
             | 
             | The average for "Plumbers, Pipefitters, and Steamfitters"
             | is $56,330 per year, according to the BLS. For "Software
             | Developers, Quality Assurance Analysts, and Testers" it's
             | $110,140 per year. For "Physicians and Surgeons," it's
             | $208,000 per year.
             | 
             | We also need to consider that running your own business is
             | a lot of work, and doing physical labor can be hard on the
             | body. One of the benefits of office jobs is that you get
             | high pay, stable hours, relatively low stress and get to
             | work in an air-conditioned room. So I would still prefer
             | that over skilled trades even if the pay was the same.
        
               | zzbzq wrote:
               | There's a lot of misleading information out there. On
               | this site I once saw a carpenter say he was making more
               | than he used to make as a $300k software developer. But I
               | had some carpenters working for me and somehow I figured
               | out they made around a tenth of that. In reality some of
               | the outliers making a ton of money are wearing many hats
               | as sales/marketing people, employing and managing
               | subcontractors and employees, perhaps running their own
               | website and SEO, and to truly get the gravy train running
               | they nail some big sale where they sell some huge
               | contract for an overpaying corporate client.
        
               | Terr_ wrote:
               | > but we should go by averages, not outliers.
               | 
               | Or to be a little pedantic, by mean, not average. When
               | Bill Gates walks into a dive bar the "average person" is
               | temporarily is a billionaire.
        
               | hiptobecubic wrote:
               | Median?
        
               | prirun wrote:
               | > One of the benefits of office jobs is that you get high
               | pay, stable hours, relatively low stress and get to work
               | in an air-conditioned room. So I would still prefer that
               | over skilled trades even if the pay was the same.
               | 
               | One of the downsides is your job can be easily outsourced
               | to a country with lower wages, and with remote work here
               | to stay (IMO), that is going to be even easier than
               | before.
               | 
               | There are no remote plumbers.
               | 
               | I firmly believe that if you show up on time, are
               | pleasant, and are competent at your work, running your
               | own business is a slam dunk and you can charge whatever
               | you want (within reason). Because my experience is that
               | it's nearly impossible anymore to get all of those
               | things.
        
               | spullara wrote:
               | If we can get AR/VR into the mainstream I bet there will
               | be remote plumbers that essentially pilot you to diagnose
               | and fix things.
        
               | nsxwolf wrote:
               | Try pulling a broken cartridge out of a 20 year old
               | shower faucet after the handle snaps off. I'll give you
               | the pliers you need. You get one try and if you fail, you
               | will now need the tools to remove tile or cut drywall,
               | cut pipes, solder, etc.
        
               | rcurry wrote:
               | Heh, so I installed a new faucet in our kitchen sink and
               | thought I'd done a good job, I had hoses snaking all over
               | the place and my wife was like "I can't even use the
               | pull-out sprayer because it won't go back in once I pull
               | it out." So a few months later I call my plumber and ask
               | if he can replace the valves under my kitchen sink
               | because they're old and the tolerances are outside my
               | skill level for trying to saw them off and replace them.
               | He comes out, spends and hour replacing the valves and
               | then he's like "oh yeah, I fixed all the hoses under the
               | sink for no charge, the last guy did a horrible job, you
               | can't even use the sprayer!" I look under the sink and
               | it's like NASA came in and rerouted everything, tons of
               | room, no crazy hoses hanging down, and the sprayer works!
        
               | protomyth wrote:
               | I'm sure the local governments and their inspectors will
               | have a bit of a say in that.
               | 
               | AR/VR does not make one experienced.
        
               | thorsten11 wrote:
               | I guess all the tools in his pickup is not needed then?
        
               | spullara wrote:
               | They will be but that will be delivered to your home for
               | rental.
        
               | thatjoeoverthr wrote:
               | The downvotes are warranted but being "piloted" over the
               | internet is a really interesting idea. There was a
               | similar idea in the Black Mirror Christmas special.
        
               | tailrecursion wrote:
               | Interesting idea, and maybe we already have a step toward
               | remote piloting in the form of Youtube videos that
               | explain how to do various tasks: plumbing, home
               | improvement, auto repair, hvac, and so on.
        
               | coding123 wrote:
               | Reminds me of when a plumber was installing an RO system
               | in my house, was swearing for half an hour about the PEX,
               | then forgot to shut-off the lines while a PEX fitting
               | fell off and poured 200 gallons of water on my crappy
               | fake wood shaw floor causing it to ripple. He then
               | claimed it was my condos fault for using PEX in the first
               | place. Holy crap you can't be more right.
        
               | jimbokun wrote:
               | Software has been outsourced since the 1990s and still
               | wages continue to increase.
        
               | [deleted]
        
             | RC_ITR wrote:
             | It's kind of a political meme that welding is the key to
             | everyone getting a middle class lifestyle, because good
             | welders get paid a good amount.
             | 
             | The joke ofc being that there is a 'shortage' of welders
             | because it's actually very hard to become a good welder.
             | If, somehow, we got a bunch of people to become really good
             | welders, it would just go to being a low paid profession.
        
               | throwawayboise wrote:
               | The best people in any field make the most money in
               | general, and it takes a lot of experience and work along
               | with intelligence and natural ability to be among that
               | group.
        
               | tejtm wrote:
               | sounds just like programming ... I know! let's invent
               | object oriented welding to lower the barriers to being
               | able to make a weld that holds.
        
               | SketchySeaBeast wrote:
               | If you're welding without regard for the objects or their
               | orientation you're probably going to have a bad time.
        
               | subsubzero wrote:
               | its very hard to be become a good welder and it usually
               | takes about a decade to master that craft, so 10 years
               | gone. Very similar to medical school except you are
               | making money during that decade instead of paying it to
               | schools and residency.
        
             | Miraste wrote:
             | This is why the GP linked a source with the national
             | average for college graduates and non-grads. Certainly
             | there are tradespeople who make a ton of money, but
             | _usually_ they make less than degree holders.
        
               | bumby wrote:
               | > _Certainly there are tradespeople who make a ton of
               | money, but usually they make less than degree holders._
               | 
               | I wonder how much of this isn't also driven by the
               | reduction in private union membership. I've worked white
               | collar jobs in organizations with strong unions and I'm
               | willing to bet the blue collar workers were probably
               | almost surely, on average, more than the average white
               | collar workers elsewhere. And when I worked in areas with
               | weak union membership, the converse was true.
               | 
               | The difficulty in the former was that it was hard to get
               | into the union, but once you did, you were probably
               | making many multiples of the average household income for
               | the locale.
        
               | bluGill wrote:
               | Average isn't useful though. Your expected pay after med
               | school is very different from a music degree. Sure a few
               | in music make millions per year, but most struggle to
               | make anything, and a significant number who do get a good
               | income are not in anything related to music.
               | 
               | There are many different trades, with different income
               | expectations. And of course if you are willing to own the
               | business (not easy) is a factor, some business are more
               | conductive to owning your own business.
               | 
               | We need to be honest with kids: it matters what degree or
               | job you presue. While I can't predict the future
               | perfectly I can look at trends and say some engineering
               | jobs are better than others. Med school looks really good
               | too. Music on the other hand should be a second major or
               | a minor if you study it at all. Likewise in the trades
               | some are better than others, though I'm not sure what to
               | get into.
        
             | endisneigh wrote:
             | How old are you and how old are they? If we're talking
             | anecdotes I guarantee I know people that make more than all
             | the people you've mentioned combined and went to college.
             | It doesn't mean anything. Let's talk medians here.
        
               | thebradbain wrote:
               | Median income and age don't paint the whole picture,
               | though, either -- you need to take into account things
               | like student loan debt, or benefits, or even taxes
               | (because it is not uncommon for trades, even for those
               | personally pulling in 6+ figures, to be paid a good chunk
               | of their compensation in cash that's not necessarily
               | recorded anywhere).
               | 
               | Learning a trade and going to college for a white collar
               | job are two different routes entirely, in my opinion.
               | Even assuming that the skillsets were interchangeable, a
               | lot of trades people would never trade their job for an
               | office job and vice versa.
        
               | leetcrew wrote:
               | > taxes (because it is not uncommon for trades, even for
               | those personally pulling in 6+ figures, to be paid a good
               | chunk of their compensation in cash that's not
               | necessarily recorded anywhere).
               | 
               | some good points, but I wanted to call this out
               | specifically. when we're discussing at a high level what
               | career paths should be encouraged, possibly via policy, I
               | don't think we should price in the ability to evade
               | taxes.
        
               | silisili wrote:
               | We're all within 7 or so years of age, except the boat
               | repair who is considerably older.
               | 
               | This isn't a contest IMO, we all do more than OK. But
               | it's definitely not fair to say that college pays more
               | than trades. Both have huge swaths of pay ranges, from
               | effectively zero, to millions. But if you're optimizing
               | for making as much money as possible, I'd argue you're
               | doing it wrong anyways.
        
               | endisneigh wrote:
               | The details matter - 7 years is medical school and some
               | residencies for example.
               | 
               | To not take into account the age is silly. And the entire
               | point of the original post is arguing about earnings,
               | so...
        
             | skadamat wrote:
             | Obligatory Shop Class as SoulCraft drop -
             | https://www.thenewatlantis.com/publications/shop-class-as-
             | so...
        
             | cosmodisk wrote:
             | This is what some people call a never getting old story of
             | a builder who arrives to fix up your house in a Ferrari.
             | It's a myth. Sole traders are sole traders. Some will pull
             | in more,some will do less. Fantastic incomes aren't
             | happening that often. If they start employing people-
             | that's a business, exactly the same as if some dev would
             | get a bunch of others under his ltd corp.
        
           | nindalf wrote:
           | A comment doesn't necessarily need to be accurate to reach
           | the top, it could merely confirm the biases of enough people
           | so they think "yeah, sounds right to me!"
        
             | RealityVoid wrote:
             | I find it amusing your comment was greyed out when the the
             | insight was so good.
        
           | hardtke wrote:
           | > In addition many are not welcoming to women at all
           | 
           | Economists are now finding that as more women move into a
           | profession, the pay goes down. Similarly, when computer
           | programming moved from a female dominated profession (early
           | days) to male dominated (now) the pay went up. Medical fields
           | that have higher proportions of women have lower pay. Along
           | these lines, as college skews more female (college grads are
           | like 60/40 female/male now) the "college grad" professions
           | are having a declining wage premium compared to non college
           | grad jobs.
        
             | serverholic wrote:
             | Source on programming starting out female dominated? Also,
             | I'm curious what a programmer's job looked like in the
             | beginning.
        
               | 0xcde4c3db wrote:
               | I don't know of a solid source, but I've heard
               | anecdotally that computer programming and operation roles
               | in major corporations of the '60s and '70s tended to be
               | dominated by women, partly because the kinds of
               | tabulation and collation that big business wanted were
               | extensions of existing secretarial work, but also for the
               | more immediate practical reason that the average female
               | office worker of the time was _far_ more likely than her
               | male colleagues to already be an experienced typist.
        
               | ipaddr wrote:
               | I've met many trained by IBM COBOL developers.
        
               | MrsPeaches wrote:
               | A women (Ada Lovelace) is "often been cited as the first
               | computer programmer" [1]
               | 
               | Also the term "Computer" was actually an occupation (that
               | was dominated by women) before the modern usage [2]
               | 
               | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#First_comp
               | uter_pr... [2]
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_(occupation)
        
               | giaour wrote:
               | https://www.history.com/news/coding-used-to-be-a-womans-
               | job-... is a bit superficial but gives a decent summary
        
               | bluGill wrote:
               | Back in the 1930s - before computers existed it was
               | considered boring women's work (sexism intended). There
               | wasn't much demand because of course computers were a
               | room full of people running this by hand. In the 1950s
               | when computers were invented males discovered programming
               | was interesting and took over.
               | 
               | As such it is more the image is programming will be
               | women's work than a reality because the reality is there
               | weren't many programmers.
        
             | glasss wrote:
             | Would love to read more about this phenomenon, do you have
             | links to articles or places to start?
             | 
             | Edit: Found an article[0] that links to a study[1]
             | 
             | [0] - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/20/upshot/as-women-
             | take-over... [1] - https://academic.oup.com/sf/article-
             | abstract/88/2/865/223534...
        
               | klipt wrote:
               | Correlation is not causation. It's possible that as
               | fields pay more, they attract more men (because due to
               | gender roles imposed on men, men lose more status from
               | low income than women do) and conversely as fields pay
               | less, men abandon them for other higher paying fields.
        
           | devwastaken wrote:
           | 1. Trades are overwhelmingly what people do when they don't
           | go for a BA, and often have houses and children far before
           | college graduates. Many more mechanics, plumber, hvac,
           | electrical, welders, pipfitters, etc than we give credit for.
           | 
           | 3. Scholarships are not based on intelligence. They are based
           | on access to resources. Many good scholarships require
           | references, achievements, good writing, and lower income.
           | Hard to do that in a city school, if at all. Those that get
           | the scholarships come from parents that know how to game the
           | system. This leaves first generation students far out of the
           | equation. To add to that, judging students based on their
           | high school is a terrible method of educating.
           | 
           | 4. A degree has become more required if you don't have the
           | resources to already live in a major city for your work. For
           | example, you can work in software if you live in cali cities
           | far easier than if you live in Utah. If you're coming from
           | Utah, you have to pass the "I'm a drone" test of getting a
           | degree. Many people would like to work in something other
           | than trades, hence university.
           | 
           | University no longer functions like we think it does. Large
           | amounts of it are now online, auto-graded, with instructors
           | barely doing any work other than showing up. Housing and
           | tuition costs have skyrocketed with far less scholarships
           | than ever before. I recall a 40,000 scholarship 8 years ago
           | that simply doesn't exist anymore, along with a number of
           | others. Many of these are funded by various communities or
           | collaborations of companies, and over time the over
           | corporatization, lack of funds and lack of community have
           | lead them to just not offer scholarships anymore. Why give
           | away free money? A really easy way to upset a number of
           | teachers, especially high school teachers, is to tell them to
           | try to locate applicable scholarships for their students.
           | They can't. Perhaps a couple that maybe add up to $800 one
           | shots. Half of that being a local scholarship. They get very
           | hand wavey and think 1 of 3 scholarships from Microsoft or
           | Google is reasonably obtainable, yet realistically it would
           | be similar to winning the lottery.
           | 
           | There are many bright and hard working students I meet daily
           | that simply cannot get the support they need and cannot
           | devote their time to learning what they need to. It is
           | absolutely brutal the number of hours some of these students
           | are working just to survive. We give the largest amount of
           | support to students whom are already well off and tell those
           | that have to work for what they have to go away. That's
           | American education as I see playing out as we speak.
        
             | pb7 wrote:
             | >Trades are overwhelmingly what people do when they don't
             | go for a BA, and often have houses and children far before
             | college graduates.
             | 
             | Having a house and children as soon as possible isn't a
             | win. It's what happens when you lack imagination. There's
             | so much more to life than pumping out kids at 21 in your
             | 3/2 in fly over country.
        
               | nfw2 wrote:
               | Having children as soon as possible may not be a win, but
               | having a house surely is. How could owning a valuable and
               | necessary asset not be considered a win?
        
               | pb7 wrote:
               | Because owning a house makes you reluctant to move to
               | pursue great life opportunities, some of which are career
               | based that would earn you more money over your lifetime.
               | Of course that has changed with the adoption of remote
               | work but let's be honest, no one saw that coming.
        
               | nfw2 wrote:
               | Owning a house doesn't necessarily make you reluctant to
               | move to pursue other opportunities somewhere else.
               | Renting or just re-selling the house is always an option.
               | 
               | Also, anything good in your life would make you reluctant
               | to move somewhere else. But you wouldn't say, for
               | example, that having a significant other is bad because
               | it makes you reluctant to move.
        
               | babypuncher wrote:
               | Both renting and re-selling are major sources of
               | friction. I'm a first-time homeowner and I find the
               | prospect of moving today far more daunting than when I
               | was still renting, because of these factors. The risk
               | feels much higher, so I need a much greater promise of
               | reward before I'm willing to take it.
        
           | rootsudo wrote:
           | I'm not surprised at all - people with degrees try to find
           | reasons to think they're better then the rest.
           | 
           | 1. Many trades also are your own business, and can
           | immediately scale for income - many plumbers, electricians,
           | etc are millionaires with a small team of employees less than
           | 15.
           | 
           | 2. Google offers free marketing certification for this reason
           | as well, it's not impossible for marketing/seo people to make
           | 100k annually. It's very, very common.
           | 
           | 3. Many colleges are not worth it and is debt- look at most
           | state schools and you'd see a semester costs minimum $45,000.
           | Yes there's community colleges.
           | 
           | 4. Even community colleges require loans, and have programs
           | of financial aid that is really "apply for fafsa, apply for
           | stanford loans and then have pipelines for private debt.
        
             | selimthegrim wrote:
             | Stafford loans are not a thing anymore since 2010.
        
             | endisneigh wrote:
             | 1. You can also start your own business with a college
             | degree. Let's compare like for like here.
             | 
             | 2. Where are the stats?
             | 
             | 3. Sure, many colleges are worth it too. State schools
             | don't cost 45k a semester. Don't know how you can spread
             | misinformation.
             | 
             | 4. Community college can be very cheap, it depends on where
             | you are and how poor you are so it's hard to draw broad
             | strokes here.
        
               | indymike wrote:
               | > 1. You can also start your own business with a college
               | degree. Let's compare like for like here.
               | 
               | A degree is not required at all to start a business.
               | Evidence: Microsoft, Dell.
        
             | emaginniss wrote:
             | You're way off on 3. You're saying that tuition alone at a
             | state school costs $45k per semester, which would be $90k
             | per year. This site says that the average in-state public
             | school is ~$25k _all-in_ for a year. That includes tuition,
             | room and board, books and transportation.
             | 
             | https://www.valuepenguin.com/student-loans/average-cost-
             | of-c...
        
               | rootsudo wrote:
               | That is not accurate at all
               | 
               | https://admission.ucla.edu/tuition-aid/tuition-fees 56k 9
               | months.
               | 
               | https://www.ohio.edu/financial-aid/cost
               | 
               | 34k 9 months
               | 
               | 9 months is considered 2 semesters.
               | 
               | per semester.
               | 
               | wouldn't consider ohio personally though. but beats your
               | average by a good 30%. Not sure where it can get cheaper
               | than Ohio.
        
               | emaginniss wrote:
               | You literally said "look at most state schools." How can
               | most state schools have a cost that is higher than the
               | average. Also, even your own case proved it. These
               | schools are charging 56k or 34k respectively for 2
               | semesters. Therefore, a single semester would be 28k or
               | 17k. Far from the 45k you allege in the original post.
        
               | lapsedacademic wrote:
               | _> Not sure where it can get cheaper than Ohio. _
               | 
               | Apparently lots of places, since the national average is
               | substantially lower than the Ohio numbers.
               | 
               | But, more importantly, both UCLA and Ohio University are
               | flagship R1s. Likely literally every other public
               | university in Ohio is cheaper than OU, and I'd be
               | unsurprised if UCLA is one of the more expensive public
               | options in CA (wouldn't know, never lived in CA).
               | 
               | e: sure enough, the total cost at Youngstown State is 22K
               | (tuition 10K, the rest is food and housing).
               | 
               | As an aside, including room and board in college prices
               | always struck me as a bit odd (except in cases where
               | living in a dorm is required, I guess, but that's
               | somewhat rare). Do non-college-students not
               | eat/drink/sleep?
               | 
               | Colleges/Universities and expensive enough and screwed up
               | enough that exaggeration isn't necessary.
        
               | selimthegrim wrote:
               | Ohio State is an R1. Ohio is an R2.
        
               | lapsedacademic wrote:
               | Thanks. In any case, I'm not sure why we're discussing
               | cherry picked datapoints when someone already posted
               | national averages...
        
               | sokoloff wrote:
               | Is that meant to support your earlier claim that "most
               | state schools...a semester costs minimum $45,000"?
        
               | just-ok wrote:
               | You can't say "most state schools" and then cite UCLA,
               | which is one of the top public universities in the world.
        
               | rkk3 wrote:
               | But those are for out of state students. By your own
               | links...
               | 
               | UCLA is ~36k all-in / per academic year for in state
               | students Ohio is ~24k all in / per academic year for in
               | state students
               | 
               | It's not cheap or something you can cover on a part time
               | job anymore but its nowhere near the numbers you are
               | citing.
        
             | [deleted]
        
           | jimbokun wrote:
           | > In addition many are not welcoming to women at all
           | 
           | Many universities aren't welcoming to men at all.
        
           | mikepurvis wrote:
           | > In addition many are not welcoming to women at all...
           | 
           | There's a long way to go on this, but there are definitely
           | people pushing back on it in various ways, including a number
           | of women welders, electricians, bricklayers, etc all posting
           | about themselves and their experiences on Tiktok:
           | 
           | https://www.tiktok.com/discover/women-in-trades
        
           | snomad wrote:
           | > without that community college plus a cheap state school
           | isn't expensive.
           | 
           | UCLA is 13k per year, *if* you are from California. Classes
           | are likely impacted (even upper division) so even if a person
           | goes to UCLA just for the last 2.5 - 3 years they could
           | easily owe > 30k
           | 
           | The real cost
           | 
           | - rampant corruption (in california, if they ever opened the
           | books on the non-profit entities it would be a major stunner
           | and awakening for many people). Last I saw there was ~100
           | non-profits serving ~20 campuses . You can read more
           | https://www.calstate.edu/csu-system/auxiliary-
           | organizations/.... But what they don't tell you, those books
           | are private and not shared with the public. Rest assured,
           | they are money laundering machines.
           | 
           | - rent seekers like Pearson and Mcgraw Hill (fun fact, did
           | you know the 2 joined forces to run a company called Follets
           | that runs most campus bookstores (how is that allowed?)
           | 
           | - administration bloat
        
             | halpert wrote:
             | I think 30K is quite a reasonable cost. Parents have almost
             | two decades to save the money, plus they can do so with a
             | 529 plan and avoid capital gains taxes. Even saving $100
             | dollars a month invested in the market will net 42,000
             | after 18 years (assuming 7% return).
        
               | lapsedacademic wrote:
               | _> assuming 7% return_
               | 
               | Tuition has been increasing at 8% per year.
        
               | jackfruitpeel wrote:
               | European here -- that is an insane cost for college fees
               | from my POV. I attended one of the most highly rated
               | courses for my profession in Europe and only paid about
               | EUR3K per year.
        
               | halpert wrote:
               | But your taxes are also much higher. You would pay more
               | than 30K over 18 years most likely.
        
               | throwaway675309 wrote:
               | You'd be surprised at how in some places in Europe the
               | differential in taxes compared to the United States is
               | not as significant as you would expect. When you factor
               | in state and federal taxes it's not that unusual to pay
               | upwards of 35-40% in annual taxes. The difference is at
               | least a lot of the European countries have something to
               | show for it (subsidized education, universal healthcare,
               | etc).
        
               | halpert wrote:
               | I've lived in Germany for a number of years. My taxes
               | were around 42% if I recall correctly. Plus 400 euros a
               | month for health insurance. Oh, and don't forget 25% of
               | capital gains.
               | 
               | I do agree with you though: you get your money's worth in
               | Europe.
        
           | paulpauper wrote:
           | >2. Which boot camp? How many people ended up like your
           | daughter? How much was it? Without these facts no comparison
           | can be made.
           | 
           | Bootcamps charge a lot upfront and success rates as measured
           | by good-paying jobs are low.
        
           | aspaceman wrote:
           | Someone needs to machine parts, drive forklifts, and do other
           | highly specialized and difficult tasks.
           | 
           | Do you know how hard it is to make gears for example? Not the
           | theory, but actually making some gears. Or even a door hinge
           | can be serious business.
           | 
           | These professions demand such high pay without a college
           | education _because_ they are so essential to our functioning.
           | 
           | In my opinion, they pay like crap because they're considered
           | "dirty and working class". Women don't want to do them for
           | the same reason ime. Not many women like working in a cold,
           | dirty and loud shop instead of a nice office.
        
           | greedo wrote:
           | "cheap state school"...
           | 
           | The state school where I live charges $18K/year for tuition
           | and housing. That sure isn't cheap, especially for a mediocre
           | school. Graduating with $72K in debt from this school would
           | be a waste of money if you aren't doing a STEM program, and
           | if you are, there are far better schools.
        
           | light_hue_1 wrote:
           | > 2. Which boot camp? How many people ended up like your
           | daughter? How much was it? Without these facts no comparison
           | can be made.
           | 
           | Plenty of coding bootcamps have great placement rates and
           | great salaries. For example, the median salary at Boston's
           | Launch academy is $72k. The median salary for Fullstack
           | Academy Grace Hopper in NY is $90k.
           | 
           | https://static.spacecrafted.com/b13328575ece40d8853472b9e0cf.
           | ..
           | 
           | https://static.spacecrafted.com/b13328575ece40d8853472b9e0cf.
           | ..
           | 
           | This organization verifies outcomes independently:
           | https://cirr.org/data
           | 
           | I know several people who have gone to both of these, the
           | data is legit, that's the outcome I saw from the graduating
           | class.
           | 
           | > 3. Some colleges perhaps, smart people can get full
           | scholarships and even without that community college plus a
           | cheap state school isn't expensive. Link to your study? Did
           | these people not go to college?
           | 
           | Even "cheap" state schools aren't so cheap
           | https://educationdata.org/average-cost-of-college We're still
           | talking on average $25k/year. But that depends heavily on the
           | state. In some states, you pay $14k in others $30k. Either
           | way. Not cheap.
           | 
           | The rise in cost has been amazing:
           | https://nces.ed.gov/programs/digest/d07/tables/dt07_320.asp
           | In the 1960s total tuition + room + board inflation corrected
           | was only $1000!
        
             | endisneigh wrote:
             | 2. Your stats are incomplete- how many of these people
             | already have degrees? What's the breakdown between that and
             | wages? What's the median pay for college graduates who go
             | into the same professions?
             | 
             | 3. Not cheap compared to what exactly? College graduates
             | generally get paid more money over the lifetime.
        
               | wheelinsupial wrote:
               | Not perfect, but it's the only attempt I've seen to try
               | and answer the question about pre-boot camp education.
               | 
               | https://www.coursereport.com/reports/2020-coding-
               | bootcamp-al...
               | 
               | (Difficult to read on mobile)
               | 
               | This shows that 1% have no high school diploma, 5% have
               | graduated high school and the remaining 94% have gone to
               | or graduated from college.
               | 
               | 15% have 1-4 years of college and no degree, 6% an
               | associates, 55% a bachelor's, 16% have a masters, 1%
               | doctorate, 1% a professional degree.
               | 
               | Data from 2018,2019,2020 is collected from the surveys.
               | 
               | Average Wages: No college degree: $61,836 Associates:
               | $57,762 Bachelor: $71,267 Masters: $74,774 Professional:
               | $66,619 Doctorate: $83,250
               | 
               | Not clear if this is the first job only or if this
               | includes the results of second and third jobs. There is a
               | section showing average wages for first job is $69,079
               | and average wage for third job is $99,229.
               | 
               | Also 15% of the graduates have never been employed from
               | the boot camps. (16% for 2018 grads, 15% for 2019 grads,
               | and 37% for 2020 grads.)
               | 
               | There are a lot of other insights in there as well.
               | 
               | Unfortunately the reporting doesn't generally show
               | quantiles or other information about the spread in wages.
               | There are a few results where mean and median are shown.
               | 
               | As it's a survey and self-reported there are always going
               | to be some limitations. If others have alternative data
               | to offer up, please share!
        
           | zetta0 wrote:
           | I feel like another caveat to college is that it is mentally
           | exhausting. I went to a state college for 2 years and dropped
           | out and pursued IT certifications. In my career and I am
           | currently sitting at 75k after a year of experience. I'm also
           | more knowledgeable than my coworkers who finished their
           | graduation by a longshot. My 6 certifications covered more
           | than their entire curriculum. The current college system is
           | very broken.
        
           | ravitation wrote:
           | > 1. Many trades also pay like crap and have a very limited
           | window in which you can do it. In addition many are not
           | welcoming to women at all, regardless even if you take the
           | highest paying trades, do they pay more than the highest
           | paying careers that require higher education?
           | 
           | Exactly.
           | 
           | These types of post often ignore the actual work being done.
           | 
           | A graduate student might make a comparable hourly rate to an
           | amazon warehouse employee, but he or she can also go to the
           | bathroom and sit down.
        
             | throwawayboise wrote:
             | Working in an Amazon warehouse would not be considered a
             | "trade" by most definitions. It doesn't require much if any
             | training and amost anyone in normal physical condition can
             | do it. It's more of a pure "laborer" job, these have always
             | paid less than skilled trades.
        
             | zaphod12 wrote:
             | I don't know man - graduate student might be the only job
             | that's more demanding that amazon warehouse employee.
        
           | indymike wrote:
           | > 1. Many trades also pay like crap and have a very limited
           | window in which you can do it.
           | 
           | I'm not sure what you mean by limited window unless we are
           | talking about professional athletes and some categories of
           | manual laborers.
           | 
           | > In addition many are not welcoming to women at all,
           | regardless even if you take the highest paying trades
           | 
           | This is rapidly changing. Also, there are also skilled trades
           | that are mostly women (e.g. cosmetologist, many medical
           | roles).
           | 
           | > do they pay more than the highest paying careers that
           | require higher education?
           | 
           | When we factor out jobs that require 8-12 years of education,
           | in general, yes the trades aren't a bad deal.
           | 
           | > 2. Which boot camp? How many people ended up like your
           | daughter? How much was it? Without these facts no comparison
           | can be made.
           | 
           | I'm not turning this into an ad for the school my daughter
           | went to. Cost was literally 1/2 of he first year salary over
           | $40,000. It was capped at a maximum amount. She ended up
           | paying about $6k, but it was contingent on her getting a job
           | that payed better than $40k.
           | 
           | 3. Some colleges perhaps, smart people can get full
           | scholarships and even without that community college plus a
           | cheap state school isn't expensive.
           | 
           | I have five kids. My first was straight As, great test
           | scores, and we still ended up with $6-8k of expense per
           | semester after the full ride scholarships paid for tuition at
           | a small private college.
           | 
           | Ok, here is the biggest community college in the US: Ivy
           | Tech. $2,400 per semester for 12 hours, plus fees. It's not
           | that expensive, but they also have less than 20% of students
           | complete their degrees...
           | 
           | > Link to your study? Did these people not go to college?
           | 
           | It didn't matter what education level they attained, across
           | the population the outcome was consistent. Having a job while
           | young made a huge difference - almost as much as having a
           | degree.
           | 
           | 4. As you've already demonstrated college is hardly required
           | let alone loans.
           | 
           | Yep.
        
             | endisneigh wrote:
             | > I'm not turning this into an ad for the school my
             | daughter went to. Cost was literally 1/2 of he first year
             | salary over $40,000. It was capped at a maximum amount. She
             | ended up paying about $6k, but it was contingent on her
             | getting a job that payed better than $40k.
             | 
             | You already have. I want to see the graduation stats.
             | 
             | > It didn't matter what education level they attained,
             | across the population the outcome was consistent. Having a
             | job while young made a huge difference - almost as much as
             | having a degree.
             | 
             | Where's the link?
             | 
             | Sorry but your point is way too centered on your anecdotes.
             | Fact remains that college graduates make more money.
             | 
             | https://www2.ed.gov/policy/highered/reg/hearulemaking/2011/
             | c...
        
               | fuzzer37 wrote:
               | Do you like to argue just to argue?
        
               | endisneigh wrote:
               | Nah, but I don't like claims without evidence. That's how
               | misinformation spreads. I've already laid out my source
               | for believing college grads make more money than non
               | college grads.
        
               | betwixthewires wrote:
               | I'm pretty sure not, I'm pretty sure this person is going
               | to argue until someone helps them justify their education
               | expenses to themselves, or their teaching profession.
               | They're fishing for a "you're right, college is the only
               | thing that's worth it."
        
               | pb7 wrote:
               | As opposed to the other person, who laid out their
               | anecdotes to make themselves feel better by not providing
               | sufficient information to refute it?
               | 
               | Come on. The stats support colleges. You need to provide
               | more than anecdotes to be taken seriously. I could just
               | as easily blurt out that I make more than all of his 5
               | kids combined because I went to college and boom,
               | anecdote refuted. This isn't how it's done in
               | conversations worth having.
        
               | betwixthewires wrote:
               | If the stats supported colleges you wouldn't have this
               | huge nationwide movement of people looking to make
               | college free because they're burdened until retirement by
               | debt they can't pay off. That's not anecdotal, that is a
               | major political platform point.
        
               | endisneigh wrote:
               | This isn't really relevant. You can make more money and
               | still be burdened
        
               | betwixthewires wrote:
               | _Which is the problem with your presented stat._ "People
               | with degrees make 40% more over their lifetimes on
               | average" is useless because it tells us nothing about
               | whether it's worth the capital expenditure. Just making
               | more money isn't the point, having a better life is the
               | point.
               | 
               | So it is very relevant, and your statement here is
               | basically an admission that your 40% stat I keep seeing
               | in these threads is equally irrelevant. "You can make
               | more money and still be burdened" equates to "making more
               | money won't necessarily make your life better." If that's
               | true, what the hell is the point of going to college? To
               | make 40% more?
        
               | endisneigh wrote:
               | We are talking about salaries, not some philosophical
               | discussion. If your goal is to maximize lifetime earnings
               | college is worth it, including the cost.
               | 
               | I'm not sure what your point is.
        
               | mannerheim wrote:
               | If it's worth it, they can pay for that burden
               | themselves.
        
               | endisneigh wrote:
               | Yes, and most college graduates fully pay off their debt.
               | The issue is overblown. The average student debt is 30k
               | 
               | https://www.usnews.com/education/best-colleges/paying-
               | for-co...
               | 
               | It's not some insurmountable number.
        
               | toomuchtodo wrote:
               | Discovering an asset's value is marked down is tragic for
               | the owner, but the reality of a free market. A college
               | degree is the new taxi medallion.
        
               | betwixthewires wrote:
               | It's beyond a taxi medallion. Before uber you had to have
               | one. With college that's never been true. The thing that
               | propped up the whole industry was high school counselors
               | scaring kids into thinking they'll be burger flippers and
               | ditch diggers for the rest of their lives without it, and
               | that's never ever been true. The number of young people
               | I've known who had existential dread at the thought of
               | not going, beyond reason, peoples lives were destroyed by
               | all this.
        
               | toomuchtodo wrote:
               | There are _a lot_ of companies out there that mandate a
               | degree for roles that don 't require one. That creates
               | artificial demand for an expensive credential, and of
               | course a loan industry happy to issue debt for said
               | required credentials (it's a racket). I put forth that if
               | you exposed companies to the cost of that credentialing
               | in some way (a tax of some sort on roles that mandate
               | higher education), those roles would suddenly not require
               | a degree, or on the job training would replace it.
        
               | bumby wrote:
               | The taxing of credentials is an interesting concept I
               | haven't heard before. What do you think some potentially
               | unintended consequences be?
               | 
               | It made me think of the way some professional licenses
               | work. The payment to keep the credential is essentially a
               | tax. Some employers won't list the credential on a job
               | description because then they'd be required to pay for
               | it. But they only hire people with said credential,
               | essentially shifting the tax on the individual and
               | creating a kind of shadow job hiring process where the
               | people being turned away may not be sure that getting the
               | credential would open the door for them.
        
               | betwixthewires wrote:
               | That's true, but it's largely the result of a glut of
               | degrees in the job market, as well as high unemployment.
               | As people start figuring this out, and as demand for work
               | outpaces supply (both are starting to happen) you're
               | going to see the smart employers drop these shenanigans
               | and the dumb ones go out of business or start paying
               | degrees what they're worth if they insist on it.
        
               | hahaxdxd123 wrote:
               | Is it arguing to ask for sources now? LMAO
               | 
               | > post random fact
               | 
               | > source?
               | 
               | > no source, but here's more random facts
        
               | nfw2 wrote:
               | I can provide hard data on this if the original commenter
               | doesn't want to. I went to a bootcamp called Hack
               | Reactor.
               | 
               | My salary immediately doubled and has since quadrupled in
               | the 5 years since I attended. It isn't be a great option
               | for everyone, and not every attendee has had a great
               | outcome. But it can work for those with an affinity for
               | analytical work and willingness to work 70-hour weeks for
               | 12 straight weeks.
               | 
               | Hack Reactor has made their outcome statistics public.
               | https://www.hackreactor.com/outcomes
        
             | watwut wrote:
             | > This is rapidly changing. Also, there are also skilled
             | trades that are mostly women (e.g. cosmetologist, many
             | medical roles).
             | 
             | As a woman who likes trades like manual work as hobby - a
             | lot of those do actually depends on physical strength. At
             | hobby level it does not matter that much, but to achieve
             | actual commercial productivity is simply much harder
             | without all those muscles.
        
               | gunfighthacksaw wrote:
               | When I did longshoreman for the summer there were but 2
               | women in the bull pen.
               | 
               | One was a heavier older lady, imagine a burly dinner lady
               | and you've probably got her. The other woman was maybe in
               | her 30s and looked trim, but she had arms gnarled like
               | branches and you could see a six pack through her tshirt.
               | 
               | Mad respect for women who choose a profession like that,
               | but it needs to be a lifestyle and it will consume you.
               | As an untrained man with a normal (assumed) amount of
               | testosterone, my body adapted over two shifts of swinging
               | 70lb metal bars around.
        
             | tempest_ wrote:
             | With regards to 1
             | 
             | A lot of the trades are hard on your body. By the time you
             | are 45-50 your knees could be wrecked and that makes it
             | hard to do service work like electric/HVAC.
             | 
             | There are an argument that desk work isnt healthy either
             | but that is a different discussion.
        
               | subsubzero wrote:
               | alot of engineers(and other tech employees) are forced
               | out of the field due to ageism by 45-50 so its a wash.
        
               | bumby wrote:
               | Do you mean software engineers specifically? It seems
               | like other engineering domains are kinder to oldies
        
               | MisterBastahrd wrote:
               | Not unless they're dogmatic about the language they're
               | developing in, they aren't. I ran into people ALL THE
               | EFFING TIME as a recruiter who refused to train in
               | another language or environment because they were going
               | to make less money if they moved on, even as the market
               | for their current skillset dwindled to nothing.
               | 
               | That's a completely different issue from having injured
               | your back or shoulder or knee so often that you need
               | surgical corrections just so you can remain functional at
               | a resting state.
        
               | mschuster91 wrote:
               | If you're unable to work "in the field" as a
               | trades(wo)man, you can always switch over to supervisory
               | or inspection works or go the fully office job route
               | (=planning, architectural offices).
        
               | tempest_ wrote:
               | You definitely can (and you should if you have the
               | ability!) but there are by their nature fewer supervisory
               | roles available and the skill sets, at least my
               | experience, don't overlap that much.
        
               | 01100011 wrote:
               | As a 46 year old I agree, but I'll say that most
               | tradesmen I knew have either moved on to owning/managing
               | or have switched careers. Overall they've done very well.
               | 
               | Also, IME, tradesmen always have the nicest houses
               | regardless of income because they or someone they can
               | trade with will do top quality work for barely any
               | compensation.
        
               | vkou wrote:
               | > As a 46 year old I agree, but I'll say that most
               | tradesmen I knew have either moved on to owning/managing
               | or have switched careers. Overall they've done very well.
               | 
               | Suvivorship bias?
               | 
               | I imagine that those that are still in the trades are
               | managers/owners. Those that have blown out knees, but
               | don't have the skills to manage/own/washed out a decade
               | ago... Are not.
               | 
               | There's not enough room in the trades for every person
               | who did work in their 20s to manage/own in the 40s,
               | unless you have a lot of attrition.
        
             | kadomony wrote:
             | Sounds like Lambda School.
        
           | chaostheory wrote:
           | > 1. Many trades also pay like crap and have a very limited
           | window in which you can do it.
           | 
           | Which is why the parent comment specifically mentioned
           | "skilled trades". If you're not familiar with the term, think
           | plumber or electrician instead of roofer or outdoor
           | landscaper. The working window for skilled trades is also far
           | greater than software engineering.
        
             | endisneigh wrote:
             | There are skilled trades that don't pay well. In any case
             | there's no canonical list of "skilled trades" to begin
             | with.
             | 
             | I fail to see how you can be an electrician longer than a
             | software engineer, but even if that was true there are far
             | more careers a college degree enable that pay more.
        
               | chaostheory wrote:
               | imo a "skilled trade" involves a hard to learn skill that
               | is in high demand. Consequently, the demand yields a
               | higher salary than a commodity "non-high skilled" trade
               | that is not high in demand.
               | 
               | > I fail to see how you can be an electrician longer than
               | a software engineer
               | 
               | Because electrical components and systems do not evolve
               | and change as fast as software constructs, neither does
               | plumbing.
               | 
               | > but even if that was true there are far more careers a
               | college degree enable that pay more.
               | 
               | That's debatable when you account for student loans
               | paired with less marketable degrees. Otherwise, I feel
               | that student debt wouldn't be an issue.
        
               | bluGill wrote:
               | Many skilled trades are not that hard to learn, those who
               | know it just pretend they are hard to keep people out.
               | 
               | Of course with an engineering background I know how to
               | read all the different tables and understand where the
               | numbers came from. That might give me an advantage, but I
               | can learn to do most of them pretty quickly if I want.
               | (they are faster than me because they tend to have the
               | tables memorized)
        
               | chaostheory wrote:
               | > Many skilled trades are not that hard to learn
               | 
               | If they're not hard to learn, then imo it's not a
               | "skilled trade".
               | 
               | > those who know it just pretend they are hard to keep
               | people out.
               | 
               | > Of course with an engineering background I know how to
               | read all the different tables and understand where the
               | numbers came from.
               | 
               | If you're an EE and you're referring to electricians, I
               | would argue that electrical work is not an easy concept
               | for most of the population which is one reason for its
               | market demand.
        
               | R0b0t1 wrote:
               | Most "skilled trades" are gated by some form of
               | licensure, not actual difficulty.
        
               | chaostheory wrote:
               | It's "gated" to ensure that the individual actually
               | possesses those skills and can perform theses tasks
               | safely and comply with safety standards. As someone who's
               | immigrated from the developing world, I can tell you
               | horror stories when it's less regulated. I'm not a fan of
               | regulation, but there is a minimum level needed to ensure
               | trust.
        
               | aspaceman wrote:
               | They are very hard to learn in many cases.
               | 
               | God I'd love to throw some of you nerds in a machine
               | shop. Way more math and thought in those places then you
               | all are giving them credit for.
        
           | nfw2 wrote:
           | The study you linked is over 10 years old. Furthermore, it is
           | using lifetime earnings as the core metric, which means they
           | are pulling in data about people who earned their degrees
           | like 50 year years ago.
           | 
           | All the data that currently exists shows better outcomes for
           | students that go to college. One would expect this even if
           | college had no benefit to students because the population of
           | students that go to college is pre-selected. Before they
           | attend, students that go to college, on average, demonstrate
           | better analytic skills than the students that do not go to
           | college. They also, on average, have access to more existing
           | wealth and other resources through their family.
           | 
           | In the absence of perfect data (which is almost always the
           | case in sociology), it is reasonable to look at case studies
           | to try to make sense of reality. It is not bad practice. It
           | is what Harvard Business school does. It's what product
           | managers and UX designers do when creating products. It's
           | what marketing teams do when selling products.
           | 
           | Feel free to degree with the interpretation of anecdotal
           | data, but statements should not be dismissed out-of-hand
           | because no p-value accompanies them.
        
           | hooande wrote:
           | > Average College grads make more money over their lifetime,
           | period.
           | 
           | Stop this. The _most accurate_ predictor of a person 's
           | lifetime income is the income of their parents. Children of
           | wealthy parents are more likely to go to college. It's like
           | saying "People who drive expensive cars in high school make
           | more money over their lifetime, period".
           | 
           | I question the statistical literacy of people who make the
           | argument that going to college has a significant causal
           | impact on future earnings.
        
             | endisneigh wrote:
             | I didn't say there's a causal impact, I said that average
             | college grads make more money.
        
               | hooande wrote:
               | The kid that's driving a new BMW at age 16 will make more
               | money than everyone else too. Do you suggest that kids
               | buy BMWs in order to increase their lifetime earning
               | potential?
        
               | endisneigh wrote:
               | I don't see the relevance - even among the poorest
               | college grads have higher lifetime earnings:
               | 
               | https://research.upjohn.org/empl_research/vol23/iss3/1/
               | 
               | again, college grads make more money across all
               | demographic groups. Not sure what you're arguing
        
             | lapsedacademic wrote:
             | _> Stop this.... I question the statistical literacy..._
             | 
             | Ugh. Why?
             | 
             | You asked for a statistically grounded conversation, so
             | let's do that.
             | 
             | Let's start, for example, with pdf page 25 (and surrounding
             | context) of https://davidcard.berkeley.edu/papers/causal_ed
             | uc_earnings.p...
             | 
             | The analysis done in that paper is a good starting point
             | for a productive conversation. We could discuss the bounds
             | on various coefficients and decide whether the conditional
             | statements about those coefficients made in the paper have
             | clear answers in either direction. Or we could critique the
             | various modeling assumptions. Etc.
        
               | hooande wrote:
               | Section 3.6. "Family background" of the pdf you linked to
               | discusses the impact that parent's educational attainment
               | has on how much money someone earns as a result of going
               | to college, not whether they attend college. It's not
               | used as a control in a way that's relevant to this
               | discussion.
               | 
               | Do you have another study?
               | 
               | Either way, it's a fact that parental income is the best
               | predictor of future income. Not educational attainment.
        
               | lapsedacademic wrote:
               | _> best predictor_
               | 
               | But why? What are the _CAUSAL_ relationships between
               | parental earnings, educational attainment, and child
               | earnings? The children of doctors are more likely to
               | become doctors, but saying that educational attainment is
               | therefore less related to doctoring than parental
               | occupation is obviously a bit absurd. Just because a
               | parent paves the path doesn 't mean that educational
               | attainment is irrelevant to walking that path. And anyone
               | who makes it through med school and residency has the
               | option to enjoy high earnings, regardless of parental
               | income.
               | 
               | The MD example, for the curious and humble reader
               | interested in Truth rather than Winning, makes it
               | abundantly clear why section 3.6 of the linked paper asks
               | a question that's directly relevant to untangling these
               | causal links.
               | 
               |  _> Do you have another study?_
               | 
               | There's an _entire literature base_ on exactly this
               | question.  "lifetime earnings parental earnings
               | education" returns 130K results on Google Scholar. But,
               | to be blunt, I don't think you're interested in learning
               | anything. I think you're interested in Winning the
               | thread. So I'm not posting for your benefit; that would
               | be futile. I'm posting for the benefit of intellectually
               | curious readers.
        
               | shkkmo wrote:
               | > What are the CAUSAL relationships between parental
               | earnings, educational attainment, and child earnings?
               | 
               | Social network, safety net, family experience with
               | college, etc.... There are plenty of reasons why class
               | mobility is imperfect. [Edit: I, for example, had access
               | to summer jobs in highschool through my parents'
               | professional network that were not as easily available to
               | other people.]
               | 
               | > There's an entire literature base on exactly this
               | question. "lifetime earnings parental earnings education"
               | returns 130K results on Google Scholar.
               | 
               | Yes, but you chose a specific article to post to refute a
               | specific claim. The article doesn't address that claim,
               | so it is entirely reasonable to ask for a citation that
               | does actually back up your argument. Your response here
               | amounts to: "just go read the all the literature until
               | you see I'm right" and is not constructive, even without
               | the name calling.
               | 
               | Edit: You seem to have substantially edited your comment.
               | Thanks for removing the name calling but generally ghost
               | edits like this are frowned upon here.
        
               | lapsedacademic wrote:
               | _> Yes, but you chose a specific article to post to
               | refute a specific claim._
               | 
               | Yes it does! I think you're misreading OP's post.
               | 
               | What was OP's claim?
               | 
               |  _> > The most accurate predictor of a person's lifetime
               | income is the income of their parents. Children of
               | wealthy parents are more likely to go to college. It's
               | like saying "People who drive expensive cars in high
               | school make more money over their lifetime, period"._
               | 
               | OP's assertion about "best predictor" is true but
               | irrelevant. The interesting question is _why?_
               | 
               | OP asserts that the answer to that question is literally
               | "for the same reason that rich kids drive BMWs".
               | 
               | OP is asserting that college has the same causal effect
               | as a parent purchasing a BMW for a child. I.e., none at
               | all, it's just a proxy for parental wealth.
               | 
               | That strikes me as an unlikely causal hypothesis.
               | 
               | Could there perhaps be a reason other than parent income
               | that the child of an MD drives a BMW to school? Probably
               | not.
               | 
               | But could there perhaps be a reason other than parent
               | income that the child of an MD does well in their premed
               | program? Seems likely.
               | 
               | And indeed, the above article establishes a causal link
               | that's directly relevant to falsifying that assertion,
               | that college == bmw in terms of causal effect.
               | 
               | Elsewhere, OP asks if the college wage premium persists
               | across family backgrounds. I think perhaps something
               | related to that question is what you perhaps read into
               | their post. But that's not actually the claim they are
               | actually making in that post.
               | 
               | (BTW: CWP and PEP are positive for students from low
               | income backgrounds... these are just numbers you can look
               | up... why am I the thread secretary for basic
               | statistics?)
        
               | shkkmo wrote:
               | I simply do not see a anything in that study that refutes
               | that college is just a proxy for parental income. The
               | study only discusses parental background in terms of
               | parental education and I don't see any controlling for
               | parental income (though those two factors are clearly
               | correlated, but are not identical and conflate them in
               | several places.)
               | 
               | In reality, a significant part of the correlation between
               | of college and is indeed due to college being a partial
               | proxy for parental wealth. At the same time a significant
               | part of the correlation between parental wealth and child
               | income is to the that same proxy.
               | 
               | Even when you control for parental wealth, there are
               | large heterogeneities in the effect of college on income
               | in different groups. This makes it hard to argue for a
               | simple, direct causal link between college and income.
               | 
               | While I think you and me tend to agree on this subject, I
               | think you should focus less on being the "thread
               | secretary" and more on understanding the opposing
               | argument and clearly explaining your argument rather than
               | posting dense statistical papers with no analysis and
               | using abstruse acronyms.
        
               | hooande wrote:
               | This is a particularly pernicious misunderstanding
               | because it leads people to believe that they have to take
               | out loans to go to college or they will earn less money.
               | Saying "People who do X make more money" can have
               | consequences if that statement isn't necessarily true.
               | 
               | What you want is a study that shows that people from
               | lower income quintiles that go to college have a higher
               | lifetime earning than people from the same quintile that
               | didn't go to college. Maybe that exists? if it did, I'd
               | imagine the pro college people would be waving it around
               | everywhere.
               | 
               | Using Google Scholar to find relevant research is a great
               | habit. but you really have to read it to make sure it
               | says what you think it says
        
               | lapsedacademic wrote:
               | _> What you want is a study that shows that people from
               | lower income quintiles that go to college have a higher
               | lifetime earning than people from the same quintile that
               | didn 't go to college. Maybe that exists? if it did, I'd
               | imagine the pro college people would be waving it around
               | everywhere._
               | 
               | Yes, there is a large college wage premium for students
               | in lower income quintiles. The most that can be said is
               | that it's smaller, but still quite large.
               | 
               | I assumed the point of contention was a more nuanced
               | question about causation, since the above is just a
               | simple factual question that can be checked without any
               | sort of analysis.
        
               | caddemon wrote:
               | I agree "people who go to college make more money" is not
               | a helpful thing to be telling kids, but I think it would
               | be much more fruitful to pose the question as comparing
               | the outcomes of different fields of study (which could
               | also include specific trades), rather than questioning
               | the utility of college entirely.
        
               | shkkmo wrote:
               | > Either way, it's a fact that parental income is the
               | best predictor of future income. Not educational
               | attainment.
               | 
               | Sure, but they are interrelated factors and they way they
               | effect the distribution is complicated. This study was
               | linked elsewhere and does control for parent's income: (I
               | didn't vet the methodology or data, just looking at what
               | their reported results say.)
               | 
               | https://research.upjohn.org/empl_research/vol23/iss3/1/
               | 
               | One of the reasons that parental income is such a strong
               | predictor of child income is because parental income has
               | a strong effect on how much college will increase your
               | income.
               | 
               | Interestingly enough, that effect is quite disparate
               | based on more than just parental income.
               | 
               | The study says that low income whites see only a 12%
               | boost to income from college while high income whites see
               | a 131% boost to income from college. Interestingly,
               | blacks show an even higher boost to income from college,
               | 175%, and parental income had no statistically
               | significant effect on this boost.
               | 
               | Also interesting is how those effects play out when you
               | look at different parts of the income distribution.
               | Parental income increases the average effect of college,
               | but doesn't significantly affect the median effect. Thus
               | a lot of the increase to the effect of college on average
               | incomes [edit: for children of higher income parents] is
               | from gaining access to the long tail of very high income
               | outcomes.
               | 
               | So the answer is if you are a poor white male, college is
               | far less valuable than if you are female, rich or black
               | (in increasing order of college effect size.)
        
           | [deleted]
        
         | jorblumesea wrote:
         | The purpose of college is partly workforce training but also
         | just general education. To see college as solely providing
         | competitive dollar careers seems to misunderstand a large part
         | of higher educational purpose. In theory at least, the liberal
         | arts are something far more than just "can I work at FB".
        
           | RealityVoid wrote:
           | Yes, thank you! I find the point of view where college is
           | just job training so myopic.
        
         | varelse wrote:
         | In the short term I agree with you that trades pay very well,
         | $250,000 a year even at the higher end. Even more if you're
         | willing to risk your life on power lines or windmills.
         | 
         | But that's a starting wage in tech in Seattle or the Bay area
         | for an engineer that's in demand and it only goes up from
         | there. Those engineers that are in demand all have
         | undergraduate degrees, it's a huge virtue signal for hiring for
         | now. A new college graduate with one year of industry
         | experience got poached for $400k by a competitor. And that
         | doesn't begin to cover what AI superstars make straight out of
         | school.
         | 
         | Ironically as someone in the later phases of my tech career, I
         | am increasingly interested in trade skills over tech skills.
         | And doubly ironically there's a lot of intellectual overlap.
        
         | ptero wrote:
         | One big issue with making a no-college a viable option is that
         | in the US the school education is absolutely atrocious. In many
         | colleges the first year of science or engineering degree
         | classes focus on providing a decent background that should have
         | been taught at schools.
         | 
         | This needs to be fixed for the school-only path to be viable.
        
           | kube-system wrote:
           | Public schools in the US vary from "absolutely atrocious" to
           | "absolutely great" depending on where you live. The colleges
           | that select students only from the latter do not waste time
           | re-teaching high school material.
        
         | WalterBright wrote:
         | > which is identical to what an firsty year teacher makes
         | 
         | Education degrees and Journalism degrees rank near the bottom
         | of pay.
         | 
         | If you want a good starting salary, invest in a STEM major.
         | 
         | Above all, google "starting salaries for major XXXXX" before
         | picking one. Sheesh!
        
           | tinalumfoil wrote:
           | > She made $45k year one, and a year later is the director of
           | marketing at her company making over $100k/yr
           | 
           | If OP's daughter got a CS degree after two years she'd have
           | made $0 and be $30k in the hole for state school tuition
           | ($100k+ for private school). By my calculation she's $100k
           | minus boot camp cost out of the hole.
           | 
           | According to Google the median income for a bachelor's degree
           | is $100k, which includes experienced people in their working
           | prime. So I think OP has a pretty good counterexample.
           | 
           | Also, not everyone wants to maximize their income. Comp sci
           | now is what finance used to be, but not everyone has the
           | moral framework or dedication to money where they can just
           | Google highest paying jobs and choose the top one.
        
             | WalterBright wrote:
             | The point is, don't pick a major, spend 4 years and $$$$$,
             | and _then_ complain that one didn 't know what the starting
             | salaries would be.
        
         | UncleOxidant wrote:
         | > Skilled trades pay better than most bachelor's degree track
         | jobs.
         | 
         | Is this a problem that needs fixing? We don't have enough
         | plumbers & electricians (for example), many in those fields are
         | retiring and until lately there haven't been enough people
         | entering those trades to replace those retiring. Now we're
         | probably going to start seeing people enter those trades at a
         | higher rate than in the recent past. These are very good paying
         | jobs and often it's hard to find a plumber or electrician when
         | you need one.
        
         | jimmyjazz14 wrote:
         | I don't think the first two are problems colleges need to fix I
         | think its more of a matter that we need to change our mindset
         | about who should be attending college maybe some people would
         | be better off going the trade school route.
        
           | zapataband1 wrote:
           | Yeah we I read somewhere that in Germany 60% of students go
           | into trades and they have seriously beefed up their programs.
           | But yeah there is a stigma here in the US about trades, I
           | think that's partly due to the social consequences of having
           | insane wealth gaps and worshipping billionaires.
        
             | deltree7 wrote:
             | Huh? From Peter Thiel to Bill Gates to Steve Jobs to
             | Zuckerburg, most billionaires don't push the college
             | propaganda and have shown/encouraged path without college
             | education.
             | 
             | It's only the pseudo-social scientists who can't do proper
             | data analysis (finding out the real confounding variable)
             | that push the college propaganda
        
               | salemh wrote:
        
               | justinator wrote:
               | Don't forget Elizabeth Holmes!
        
             | larkost wrote:
             | Not only that, but depending on which state you are in in
             | Germany (and Austria) you get routed at around 4th grade.
             | If the teachers decide that you are academically fit for it
             | then you go on to the Gymnasium, which prepares you for
             | college, often with some focus for your class (e.g.:
             | mathematics, arts, or science). If those same teachers
             | decide that you are not up to college, but are still smart
             | enough for something skilled, then you go on to Realschule,
             | which still has some focus on academics, but is steering
             | you to something like being a secretary, or a generic
             | office worker. And finally there is the Hauptschule track.
             | Here you are being groomed for something more involved with
             | labor. The academics are not nearly so rigorous, and there
             | is almost always the expectation that you will be steered
             | into an apprenticeship for the final 4 years of what we (in
             | the U.S.) would have as High School. Some of these
             | apprenticeships can be quite prestigious (e.g.: the BMW
             | technician school in Munich), but many of them are pretty
             | pedestrian (e.g.: learning to run agricultural equipment).
             | 
             | For most people this routing when they are 10 (or so)
             | decides what routes are open to them later in life. There
             | are exceptions to this (my host sister went to Realschule,
             | and later took the Abiture, the the test that got her into
             | college), but they are pretty rare.
             | 
             | I have always been a bit leery of choices made so early in
             | life, but it works pretty well in Germany.
        
               | muffinman26 wrote:
               | It actually doesn't work that great in Germany. The
               | college dropout rate is about 28% (https://researchgate.n
               | et/publication/267340378_Student_Drop-...). The
               | Hauptschule and Realschule routes seem much better
               | designed than the US, but in terms of predicting who is
               | suitable for college Germany isn't doing a very good job.
        
               | notch656a wrote:
               | 28% is much lower than the ~37% failure rate to graduate
               | in 6 years in US.
               | 
               | In somewhere like Iran you may see very high graduation
               | rates in part because you may need to be selected as best
               | student (a former employer I interviewed with, the owner
               | got into college because he was best math student in a
               | class of something like 1000 children.)
               | 
               | Dropout rate because of failure to adapt, of course,
               | would be a good thing. Those who aren't fit for a career
               | in engineering for instance were rapidly ejected into a
               | different program from my public college I went to (like
               | 25+% ejected first year, memory says it was more like
               | 50%), which meant very few people wasted lots of money on
               | a dead career path.
        
               | selimthegrim wrote:
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tehran_Farzanegan_School
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allameh_Helli_High_Schools
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Organization_for_D
               | eve...
        
               | muffinman26 wrote:
               | The point of the split for Gymnasium is supposed to be to
               | only admit those students who would successfully adapt,
               | though. Attending college also requires passing the
               | Abitur, which shows skill in the areas you are planning
               | to study. A failure to understand engineering topics
               | should show up in the topics chosen for the Abitur.
               | (Similar to the choice of A level topics in the UK.)
               | 
               | Somewhat relatedly, college in Germany is more focused on
               | the theoretical than it is in the US. A lot of
               | engineering college programs in the US would be closer to
               | a German technical school than a German college.
        
               | notch656a wrote:
               | I understand. I worry that the more you lower the false
               | positive (accepted to college but uncapable), the greater
               | you raise the false negative (denied college path but
               | capable).
               | 
               | I very much appreciated the way my public college worked.
               | Very few who started electrical engineering finished. But
               | they would accept damn near anyone. The few that survived
               | had the world in their pocket.
               | 
               | >A lot of engineering college programs in the US would be
               | closer to a German technical school than a German
               | college.
               | 
               | Must depend on the college. My experience, as well as
               | most my peers, was that engineering was about 60% raw
               | mathematics. There was so much math, I only use a small
               | fraction of it today. Maybe 10% of the engineering degree
               | was practical labs. The engineering technology programs
               | are maybe what you're thinking of? They flip those
               | numbers on their head. It's hard for me to imagine any 4
               | year degree except mathematics and physics having more
               | math than engineering programs I'm familiar with.
        
               | Siira wrote:
               | Iran uses comprehensive standardized exams to sort
               | university admissions (the population of the test takers
               | vary between 100k and 600k), but pretty much anyone with
               | a STEM high-school degree can get admitted to some
               | university. The worst universities are for-profits (still
               | pretty cheap though, except a few very good programs in
               | state universities that admit a few people by money), and
               | they basically give you a degree for giving them your
               | money and showing up on classes. Since the universities
               | get a more homogeneous level of talent, the standards
               | they set is compatible with what most of their students
               | can achieve, hence the high graduation rates.
               | 
               | Another factor is that people take life more seriously in
               | Iran (based on my very limited data on non-urban
               | Iranians, and the US). There is virtually no social
               | bubble that does not think degrees are important.
               | "Engineer" is used as a general title of prestige, used
               | as an umbrella term for anyone rich who is not a medical
               | doctor.
        
               | suyjuris wrote:
               | Distributing children of age 10 into groups based on
               | their predicted future academic achievement works about
               | as well as you would expect (i.e. not very well), but the
               | redeeming feature of the system is that it is reasonably
               | fluid and you can change tracks. You could, for example,
               | do Abitur after completing Realschule and then move on to
               | university. It is also possible to change directly from
               | Realschule to Gymnasium at basically any point, if you
               | meet certain standards. (You can also take university
               | classes while in Gymnasium without too much trouble.)
               | 
               | There is also the Gesamtschule, which combines the three
               | tracks (Hauptschule, Realschule, Gymnasium) into a single
               | school.
        
               | ffwszgf wrote:
               | This would never be allowed in America. the notion of
               | "merit" in the US is associated with white supremacy and
               | the idea that you can divide kids by their skills/grades
               | will get you in trouble, especially if you do it that
               | early.
               | 
               | If for whatever reason the demographics at each track are
               | not the same as those of the nation it will get called
               | racist and shut down quick.
        
               | mschuster91 wrote:
               | > the notion of "merit" in the US is associated with
               | white supremacy
               | 
               | In Germany, our system is far more inclusive at all
               | levels which means we don't have that much of a problem
               | with early stage ethnic discrimination. Not to say we
               | don't have any problems at all (far from it, in fact!)
               | but it's nowhere near as bad as in the US, and
               | additionally for once we Germans don't have historical
               | baggage that's keeping us down.
        
               | oblio wrote:
               | I heard that this year, at least in some regions, they're
               | doing the Gymnasium assignments randomly (!) I know
               | someone where their child qualified for Gymnasium but
               | apparently it's not guaranteed this year due to lack of
               | spots so there's going to be a lottery (!).
               | 
               | This is in North Rhine-Westphalia.
        
           | granshaw wrote:
           | Part of the problem is the social stigma of not having a
           | college degree. Not sure how to fix that
        
             | stocknoob wrote:
             | Yep. The GP thinks parents consider their child being a
             | forklift driver vs teacher as equivalent outcomes if they
             | pay the same?
        
               | ksdale wrote:
               | Would you be ashamed if your child was a forklift driver?
               | The world needs people to do useful things, and we
               | shouldn't shame people for doing useful things.
        
               | jokethrowaway wrote:
               | Not ashamed, but forklift driving will be automated
               | sooner than teaching (probably way sooner). I'd prefer
               | them to run the most lucrative business they can operate
               | and accrue capital.
               | 
               | I think at some point we'll all be screwed by automation
               | (including teachers, developers, baristas and doctors)
               | and too poor people won't have a reason to exist.
               | 
               | Better to get rich and independent from society before we
               | can print human-like workers in a factory.
        
               | stocknoob wrote:
               | No shame, I don't care what people do as long as it
               | doesn't harm others. People should enjoy their lives.
               | 
               | But, many (most?) people are status-conscious and equal
               | pay != equal prestige. College is primarily about opening
               | doors to higher prestige.
        
               | indymike wrote:
               | It is a crime that teachers are paid so poorly. No
               | judgement was intended about career choices (I'm the GP).
        
               | kristjansson wrote:
               | Income over the next 4 quarters is, of course, the only
               | factor by which one can distinguish occupations.
        
             | mbesto wrote:
             | Let's start with having the President not pledging for
             | "college for all"
             | 
             | https://www.forbes.com/sites/prestoncooper2/2017/01/17/obam
             | a...
        
               | teawrecks wrote:
               | Meanwhile in most of Europe, college is free. I wonder
               | how their attendance rates have fared in comparison.
        
               | mikem170 wrote:
               | It is my understanding (based on what I know of Germany)
               | that only certain degrees (mostly STEM) are free, and
               | available to students who qualify (academically).
        
               | giaour wrote:
               | I recall that in France and Italy, tuition wasn't free,
               | but it was on the order of ~200-300 euros per year. STEM
               | degree tuition cost more since those students had more
               | expensive facilities like laboratories.
               | 
               | Take this anecdata with a grain of salt; it's nearly 20
               | years old.
        
               | Siira wrote:
               | That's fair. If someone wants to get a degree in a
               | "field" that is not contributing to the society's GDP,
               | the degree is most likely only good as a signaling device
               | for its holder. Paying their signaling cost out of the
               | tax payer's pocket is lunacy.
        
               | jokethrowaway wrote:
               | It's free if you're poor, otherwise it's cheap (think
               | 3-5kEUR per year).
               | 
               | The European governments didn't distort the market to
               | make universities as grand and expensive as the American
               | ones (where the price raised 1500% since the 80s).
               | 
               | European universities are sad places which get the job
               | done for relatively little money. You're still spending
               | 3-5+ years of your life though, and that's a currency you
               | can't earn more of.
        
               | jackfruitpeel wrote:
               | European universities are sad places? That's a broad and
               | completely unfair brush to paint an entire continent
               | with.
        
               | exhilaration wrote:
               | He said European universities are sad places, _that get
               | the job done_. American universities are totally awesome
               | places, with $10 million student centers and $20 million
               | athletic facilities, they get the job done at a far, far
               | higher cost to students.
        
             | HPsquared wrote:
             | It depends on the context: _having_ a college degree is
             | stigmatized in some places.
        
             | vmception wrote:
             | These aren't colleges problem. US institutions are 300
             | years old, they will survive this 60 year old meme, and go
             | back to being meeting spots for the well-money and
             | influential who also become the learned population.
        
               | [deleted]
        
             | lapsedacademic wrote:
             | _> the social stigma of not having a college degree_
             | 
             | People have been saying this for decades, but is it still
             | really a thing? Perhaps on the coasts? If you're in a small
             | or mid-sized city in the midwest or the south, it's almost
             | exactly the opposite...
        
               | ModernMech wrote:
               | It's not so much a social stigma as it is different
               | socialization. People who went to college use the
               | experience to relate to one another long into adulthood.
               | 
               | More than anything that's why students go to college
               | (source: college students).
        
               | jokethrowaway wrote:
               | As in, we went to college together therefore we're
               | friends and we refer each others / pass each other
               | clients?
               | 
               | That doesn't ring true for my case. I'm sure it's
               | incredibly anecdotal but college level networking lasted
               | 2 years top for me - and it was all ex-coworkers from
               | there on.
        
               | ModernMech wrote:
               | No, what I mean is that people who went to college share
               | a similar socialization process. I'm not talking about
               | networking, I'm talking about culture. It's the same as
               | people who went to high school versus people who were
               | home schooled.
               | 
               | Everything from bonding (or not) with your roommate, to
               | going out late at night with your hallmates, to meeting
               | boys/girls and dealing with the strange dramas that
               | ensue, your first off campus party, cramming in the
               | libraries at 4am for exams, hanging out in the [insert
               | major] lounge and complaining about your professors,
               | tailgating at football games... just all the little
               | incidental things that are part of college life. People
               | who went through college can automatically bond over
               | their separate experiences of these things.
        
               | kodah wrote:
               | It absolutely is but it depends on the field. My first
               | few years in software were filled with questions like,
               | "Why didn't you finish?" We also continue to interview in
               | ways that are more accommodating for college graduates
               | and attendees, regardless of whether it's needed or not.
        
               | lapsedacademic wrote:
               | I see. Makes sense. I was thinking more about "general
               | social status", rather than job-specific stuff, because
               | that's how I interpreted OP.
               | 
               |  _> We also continue to interview in ways that are more
               | accommodating for college graduates and attendees,
               | regardless of whether it 's needed or not._
               | 
               | Wouldn't Leetcode-style interviewing be _more_
               | egalitarian? Assuming self-taught people know their
               | stuff, I guess? The alternative in other engineering
               | disciplines is to just check the degree and do some soft
               | interviews, right?
               | 
               | Or do you mean something else?
        
               | jimz wrote:
               | I'm sure in some social circles or professions it is, but
               | after college I've lived in Seattle, Boston, Brooklyn,
               | and Las Vegas, and outside of the context where the
               | existence of my degree is a necessity by virtue of state
               | law in order to undertake the profession I was in, it
               | really doesn't come up, ever. In part, it's probably
               | because facebook had us all list our education
               | particularly my cohort who needed a .edu email address to
               | sign up, but even after I got off facebook and changed
               | careers entirely, it's just not something that comes up.
               | I don't know if there's simply a presumption that I'm
               | "one of them" or because I have a social circle that
               | isn't entirely homogeneous educationally, but I can't
               | even really think of how the subject matter would come
               | up, or why anyone should care.
        
             | polygotdomain wrote:
             | My degrees are not in CS related fields at all (both in
             | Architecture). I know that just being able to "check the
             | box" has gotten me in the door. Only a small handful of the
             | places I've interviewed with over the last 10+ years have
             | cared that my degrees weren't in CS. In some cases I've
             | corrected them, "no, building architecture, not software
             | architecture", and no one's seemed to care.
             | 
             | While you don't have to have a degree to get into tech,
             | having one certainly makes things easier
        
             | scruple wrote:
             | I'm in my early 40s. I dropped out of university. I've been
             | programming professionally, in a wide range of contexts and
             | in various industries and niche markets, for over 15 years.
             | I still deal with the stigma associated with not having a
             | college degree. It's not as frequent today as it was when I
             | was at year 1-5, but it still comes up often enough that I
             | get the sense it will never go away.
        
               | j4yav wrote:
               | Curious how it comes up? I'm 42 and dropped out at 16,
               | and it has just never come up, nobody has ever asked me
               | once. I'm not doubting your experience, just curious
               | where our paths differed since it's such a stark
               | contrast. I'm not a programmer but worked in ops, then
               | product management, then CPO. Maybe it's something to do
               | with that?
        
               | yardie wrote:
               | Possibly enterprise development. In my experience they
               | are a lot more credentials driven then startups and
               | boutique development firms. There are outliers like
               | Microsoft, Netflix, Google. But you have a to be a truly
               | outstanding developer without a degree rather than a
               | pretty good one with a degree.
        
               | scruple wrote:
               | Yes, most of my work has been in fields that are highly
               | credentialed.
        
               | jnwatson wrote:
               | I'm with you. In my professional career, I've had 2
               | bosses that never went to college. Never been an issue.
        
               | scruple wrote:
               | I'm a Senior II and tech lead at work and I've always
               | been on the programming track.
               | 
               | Around ~22 months ago, I had a cold call from someone in
               | HR asking me, "Did you finish your degree?" It was
               | unusual. I'm not sure where they got the idea that I was
               | "working on it" in the first place. This was happening
               | around the same time that we had been acquired, so I
               | imagine that it was related.
               | 
               | More recently, around the end of last summer, a mid-level
               | on my team had apparently heard from someone else that I
               | didn't have a degree and was probing me about my
               | experience, etc.
               | 
               | It also came up in conversation during the Christmas
               | holiday, with some friends, while playing an online game.
               | This group of friends is also in tech, though they're a
               | little younger than I am. In that conversation, they were
               | surprised to learn that I didn't have a degree but held
               | patents in the CV space (work done on a bootstrapped
               | start-up that myself and a friend/co-founder worked on in
               | the early/mid 2010s).
               | 
               | There are other examples from the past but I don't really
               | hang onto these sorts of things.
               | 
               | I would add that I don't think any of these were bias or
               | malicious or anything like that.
        
               | jokethrowaway wrote:
               | I wouldn't call it stigma then.
               | 
               | Sure, it may rarely come up in discussions but it doesn't
               | imply someone is inferior to someone else.
               | 
               | The kind of people who believes formal education trumps
               | everything are not in touch with the reality of
               | education.
               | 
               | You probably did way more learning in your professional
               | career than most graduates do during their degree.
        
               | scruple wrote:
               | That's probably a fair call out. I don't think that I can
               | point to any recent personal examples of clear bias /
               | stigma.
        
               | oblio wrote:
               | It is stigma because many people like these are in
               | positions of power and they get to decide who passes the
               | CV filter, for example.
        
               | jokethrowaway wrote:
               | Maybe it's just your social circle. Nobody likes
               | university in mine - and in the last 15 years no company
               | I worked in required a degree. I met a few CTOs (in real
               | companies, not startup "CTOs" with 3 engineers) without
               | degrees.
               | 
               | I took my degree in CS while I was working (lots of
               | sleepless nights and ill prepared exams) and just because
               | I didn't want to preclude myself from the opportunity of
               | working for some big company with antiquated
               | requirements.
        
             | DerArzt wrote:
             | Step one would be to re-asses what happens in highschools.
             | I remember a decade ago when I was in highschool we had to
             | do college prep stuff mandated by the state government that
             | all but said that College was the only route.
        
               | olyjohn wrote:
               | This! When I was in high school, the school barely
               | mentioned Running Start or the local trade school. My
               | high school computer classes consisted of me learning
               | from the way-underpaid and overworked IT guy, and not any
               | actual teachers. The high school only had classes on
               | Keyboarding, 10-key, and a handful of Macs that had some
               | Photoshop on them for the photography students...
               | 
               | Meanwhile Running Start gets you your 2 year degree by
               | the time you graduate, so 2 years less debt, and 2 years
               | ahead of everybody else. The trade school had game
               | programming classes, automotive, electronics classes...
               | which were things I was actually interested in learning
               | at the time and were not remotely available at the HS
               | itself.
               | 
               | But if you do either of those two things, the high school
               | loses and FTE count, and the money gets diverted to the
               | other school. So the HS tends to hardly tell anybody
               | about them. Not to mention, they made the trade school
               | seem like a place where delinquents go who can't handle
               | high school and get into college. Looking back, I wish I
               | had known more about the trade school, because there were
               | so many more interesting classes there!
        
             | indymike wrote:
             | I solved it by starting my own company :-)
        
         | jeremy_wiebe wrote:
         | > 4) Student loans are a horror that needs to stop. Young
         | people should not be put in debt-bondage. Imagine America's
         | financial health if we let young people start families and
         | careers debt free.
         | 
         | Nobody has forced anyone to take a student loan. In fact, many
         | young adults would probably learn a lot about life, financial
         | management, and restraint if they saved for college and waited
         | till they could afford it instead of going straight to college
         | and going into huge amounts of debt. Generally society doesn't
         | condone going into debt carelessly in other situations so I
         | don't understand how we give (or want to give) students a free
         | pass for racking up thousands (or hundreds of thousands) in
         | loans.
        
         | criley2 wrote:
         | >3) College is way over priced. They claim graduates make 40%
         | over their lifetime vs. non grads. JP Morgan Chase did a study
         | two years ago that shows kids that had a job, any job before
         | age 18 make 35% more than their peers over their lifetime
         | regardless of degree.
         | 
         | Having a job before 18 and getting a bachelors degree are not
         | mutually exclusive, in fact, recent data suggests that about
         | half of all people attending undergraduate school are employed.
         | I personally was employed by 16 and went to college at 18,
         | keeping a job for the entire time to offset some of the costs.
         | 
         | I do agree that student loans are a heinous tool though, even
         | moderate loans accrue huge interest during a formative time in
         | your career and prevent you from saving for retirement during
         | the vital years when your investments have the most time to
         | mature.
        
         | starwind wrote:
         | There shouldn't be a divide between skilled trades and
         | bachelor's degrees. If I could add a creative writing minor to
         | math degree, why was it impossible for me to add an aircraft
         | maintenance certification through my school?
        
           | sokoloff wrote:
           | Because the AMT course is typically 24 months long by itself
           | (for a combined airframe and powerplant certificate)? It's 30
           | months of relevant, supervised maintenance work experience or
           | a qualified AMT school program, which are often 24 months
           | full-time.
           | 
           | That's far more time than a typical creative writing minor.
        
             | pbhjpbhj wrote:
             | You've not really addressed the spirit of the question,
             | they're not asking about aircraft maintenance really,
             | they're asking why academic courses and more hands-on
             | practical/technical courses can't be mixed?
             | 
             | I guess in the UK you'd try for an apprenticeship with day
             | release to college for the academic elements (or take a job
             | in a technical field and do an Open University or other
             | distance learning course for the academic side?).
        
               | lapsedacademic wrote:
               | _they 're asking why academic courses and more hands-on
               | practical/technical courses can't be mixed?_
               | 
               | I think they did answer this: it's because hands-on
               | practical/technical skills are hard to learn and people
               | who can teach them are generally expensive.
        
               | ghaff wrote:
               | I'd add that while a full certification is quite hard to
               | learn and takes a lot of time, schools absolutely have
               | hands on courses. I have a mechanical engineering degree
               | and two of my courses were very hands on with machine
               | shop and building something for a contest.
        
               | ClumsyPilot wrote:
               | Education is also expensive, arguably what the hell are
               | we paying for then?
        
               | sokoloff wrote:
               | I tried to and answered the way I did because I think a
               | lot of people vastly underestimate the time and effort
               | required to get certified for a trade. "Why can't I just
               | add an MD to my engineering degree?" seems like a
               | ridiculous question, but "Why can't I add a plumber's or
               | electrician's or AMT license/certificate to my degree?"
               | is treated as "well, that's a good question; you ought to
               | be able to!"
               | 
               | (They specifically asked about a _certification_ not just
               | "some coursework".)
        
               | ClumsyPilot wrote:
               | I don't think this is right, basic domestic electrician
               | training in UK takes 2 months. Many trades don't have a
               | lisence, i.e. bike mechanic.
               | 
               | I think the problem is in the culture of these
               | institutions, they are not prepared for getting iut of a
               | classroon and getting their hand dirty.
        
               | throwaway0a5e wrote:
               | Certification time varies greatly.
               | 
               | A pretty good set of AWS welding certs can be done in 6wk
               | of night classes.
               | 
               | You can't get paid money to install a toilet in some
               | states until you've started as the jobsite bitch, worked
               | your way up and payed years of your life into the system
               | to get in a position to even be eligible to take the
               | test.
               | 
               | The latter tends to only happen after regulatory capture.
        
           | lapsedacademic wrote:
           | _> why was it impossible for me to add an aircraft
           | maintenance certification through my school?_
           | 
           | Because schools can't bullshit maintenance certification
           | curricula and aren't willing to pay qualified faculty.
           | 
           | See also: the alarming number of schools where CS and Data
           | Science courses are still taught by mathematics faulty
           | (because they can't find CS faculty who are willing to work
           | for $70K).
           | 
           | This model of "pay unqualified people to teach a good enough
           | version of the course and hope our consumers don't notice
           | they're being shafted" only works in unregulated fields. Most
           | trades are not unregulated.
        
             | xyzzyz wrote:
             | > Because schools can't bullshit maintenance certification
             | curricula and aren't willing to pay qualified faculty.
             | 
             | Yeah, the crucial thing that most people miss in these
             | discussion is that most schools don't actually effectively
             | teach what they claim to be teaching. Teachers and students
             | go through the motions, but the students don't actually end
             | up learning much of anything, and the teachers who
             | nevertheless give them passing grade face no consequence.
             | If a typical high school started offering aircraft
             | maintenance certification, instead of increasing the
             | graduates value on job market, it would simply make the
             | certification to be held as worthless.
        
             | yardie wrote:
             | For most schools CS is literally in the Math Department.
             | And traditional CS is a lot more math than the contemporary
             | CS, which should really be called SWE.
             | 
             | My alma mater finally merged CS and SWE, then moved the new
             | CS/SWE degree to Engineering because engineering basically
             | prints money.
        
         | lokar wrote:
         | What do teachers and forklift operators make after 10/20/30
         | years?
        
           | carlmcqueen wrote:
           | My wife has a doctorate in occupational therapy and works as
           | a hand therapist, when pay is the only metric looked at you
           | really do miss a lot.
           | 
           | The body condition of construction workers, fork lift
           | operators and even welders is worn down and in pain.
           | 
           | Not to mention, they have to live with unfair medical
           | standards. When she does hand strength assessments for
           | workers comp the number is based on natural average. So lets
           | say a normal office worker squeezes on the test at a score of
           | 100, a construction worker squeezes at 320. Workers comp says
           | they can return to work if they can squeeze at like 120.
           | Which terrifies the construction workers but they won't get
           | any more time off.
        
             | oblio wrote:
             | Yeah, the only winning options long term, as a skilled
             | worker is to get out before 40 and either start your own
             | company or become a sort of project manager at a bigger
             | company.
             | 
             | Neither options are super easy.
        
         | fnord77 wrote:
         | there's been a proliferation of administrators in colleges. the
         | ratio of administrators to professors/instructors has been
         | steadily climbing since the 70s. I see this as a form of
         | corruption.
        
           | moneywoes wrote:
           | Apparently this is where most of the tuition cost is going
        
         | honksillet wrote:
         | Government needs to get out of the student loan game entirely.
        
           | mmcconnell1618 wrote:
           | Medicare in the US has negotiated rates they will pay for
           | medical services. The "retail" price is very often extremely
           | high but knocked down to what the government agrees to pay
           | for Medicare patients. A similar system for college loans
           | would allow the government to still offer loans but with caps
           | on how much colleges could charge for tuition to students
           | with government loans. The problem is uncapped tuition and
           | loan terms that allow lenders to offer tremendously large
           | sums of money to students in a low risk way because the
           | students can't declare bankruptcy or discharge the loans in
           | any easy way.
        
             | kube-system wrote:
             | Many of the largest schools in the US are government
             | institutions. There's no need to negotiate prices, state
             | legislatures can just set the price.
             | 
             | https://c0arw235.caspio.com/dp/b7f930003542e89a6fb844548260
        
         | lend000 wrote:
         | Re: numbers 3) and 4). It's a hard trade-off. I believe in
         | equality of opportunity in education, which infinite guaranteed
         | government loans do provide to someone willing to take on that
         | burden (which often ends up being a bad decision for most
         | people). However, the very act of guaranteeing unlimited loans
         | to everyone creates a very simple economic effect in which
         | colleges will grow in expense to meet the supply of money. Look
         | at all the ridiculously nice buildings, statues, grounds, and
         | administrator salaries at even C-tier colleges.
         | 
         | The alternative, IMO, is to make state run schools tuition
         | free, but there's no guarantee you'll get in. Use some
         | relatively objective metrics like the SAT and relative standing
         | in high school class to determine eligibility. Then get rid of
         | federal lending altogether. Apparently this is more similar to
         | some of the European models. Under this model, any highly
         | gifted but poor person worried about debt can get a higher
         | education. Granted, the gifted person is also generally okay in
         | the current model, because they probably end up making enough
         | to handle their debt. It's the less gifted person who still
         | wants and benefits from a higher education, but can't get into
         | the free state school, who benefits in this model, because the
         | removal of unqualified lending will bring down prices of less
         | competitive colleges.
         | 
         | But in the end, college as we know it, as great of an
         | experience as it is for many of us, is likely becoming obsolete
         | (in its current form, that is) with the rise of the internet
         | and the ability to learn just about anything in your garage
         | with an internet connection and a computer.
        
         | balls187 wrote:
         | > 2) There are better options than college for many.
         | 
         | I agree there are better options than college for many. Thought
         | if I were a betting man, on average, College is the better
         | decision.
         | 
         | > One of my daughters did a six month digital marketing
         | bootcamp. She made $45k year one, and a year later is the
         | director of marketing at her company making over $100k/yr.
         | 
         | I'm curious how old she was when she completed that bootcamp,
         | and if she had a degree in another field, and/or experience. I
         | just cant fathom a 20 year being a marketing director making
         | $100,000.
         | 
         | In nearly 20 years professionally, I have worked with MANY
         | people between the ages of 18-22 (many of which themselves
         | attend or attended prestigious schools), and none showed the
         | aptitude, skill and leadership required to be director at that
         | time.
        
           | ZephyrBlu wrote:
           | Chances are she is working at a very small company, so
           | "Director" doesn't carry much weight. Otherwise I would be
           | similarly baffled.
        
             | balls187 wrote:
             | The title inflation would make sense, but also paying
             | director of marketing at a small company $100,000?
             | 
             | Glassdoor has that salary around $75k on average for a
             | small company.
        
         | throw10920 wrote:
         | Your first three points are very strong and insightful, but I
         | somewhat object to your fourth. Individuals get loans for
         | things that pay off in the long-term regularly - cars and
         | houses, for the most part. I don't see any reason why college
         | should be different, _especially_ because the alternative is
         | for taxpayers to subsidize it.
         | 
         | The real issues are twofold: first, student loans are
         | underregulated and very predatory in a way that car loans and
         | mortgages are not; second, like you said in your third point,
         | college is _way_ overpriced, with the cost of it going up about
         | an order of magnitude over the past few decades with no
         | discernable increase in quality (see the excellent
         | _Consideration On Cost Disease_ for more[1]).
         | 
         | If education was 10x cheaper and student loan rates were 3-5% a
         | year, you wouldn't _need_ the public to fund education - and
         | even if you wanted to, it 'd be a _far_ easier time selling
         | that idea than trying to convince people to fund undergraduate
         | degrees to the tune of $100k+ per student.
         | 
         | [1] https://slatestarcodex.com/2017/02/09/considerations-on-
         | cost...
        
           | artful-hacker wrote:
           | I think a third real issue is also important, the 'undue
           | hardship' burden necessary to get rid of student loans
           | through bankruptcy needs to be dropped.
        
             | ksdale wrote:
             | Exactly, people get loans for houses and cars, and the
             | banks make damn sure you're a good credit risk. For college
             | loans, it's _literally_ the opposite. Since the loans are
             | so hard to get rid of, the only incentive is to increase
             | the number and size of the loans.
             | 
             | The issue is that if lenders looked at creditworthiness for
             | college loans the way they do for mortgages, either the
             | price of college would have to decline precipitously, or
             | they would trust far fewer people with that amount of
             | money.
        
               | throw10920 wrote:
               | Very good points - I had no idea of this crazy situation
               | for student loans.
               | 
               | So, perhaps, "student loans" need to go (in the sense of
               | all of the awful regulation (or lack thereof) around
               | them), but not necessarily "loans to students to earn a
               | four-year degree".
        
           | ClumsyPilot wrote:
           | "the alternative is for taxpayers to subsidize it."
           | 
           | You already are subsidising it by providing loans that cannot
           | be paid off before death.
           | 
           | Just need to add debt prisons and we'll be back at 18th
           | century class society.
        
         | spaetzleesser wrote:
         | "Skilled trades pay better than most bachelor's degree track
         | jobs. My kids can make more money with a six month
         | apprenticeship than they will with all but a few 4 year
         | degrees. If you can drive a forklift, you can make $45K/yr...
         | which is identical to what an firsty year teacher makes."
         | 
         | With the forklift you will stay at 45k forever and probably
         | make less every year whereas for the teacher this is a starting
         | salary and will go up. Talk to real blue collar workers and
         | from most you will hear a not very rosy picture. Pay stagnates,
         | management treats them like crap, terrible working conditions,
         | very hard on the body so getting older is difficult.
         | 
         | Unless you are a business owner or in a very good union blue
         | collar jobs aren't much fun.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | atlgator wrote:
           | I mean, ok, but let's not base our entire view on one trade,
           | if you can even call forklift operation a skilled trade.
           | Plumbers, electricians, carpenters, HVAC techs all have
           | upward mobility from apprentice to journeyman to foreman to
           | owning their own businesses. Apprentice level electricians
           | make about $75k in Alaska with zero experience. Foreman
           | electricians managing commercial electrical jobs make about
           | $175k. YMMV per state or metro but that's some decent growth
           | IMO, especially considering no college education requirement.
           | 
           | I agree that the jobs are tough in the apprentice years. You
           | are literally doing the grunt work for that trade, but a) you
           | are getting paid to learn, and b) if you start right out of
           | high school you are still young and able-bodied.
           | Apprenticeships only last 2-4 years typically. You could be a
           | licensed electrician at 22 years old.
        
             | lumost wrote:
             | You are describing good Union work. Anecdotally these jobs
             | appear tough to get into from family who work in various
             | trades, in construction such jobs are tough to get into and
             | tougher to hold onto ( eventually the work dries up as
             | construction dwindles )
             | 
             | Unionized manufacturing does much better, with steady
             | employment that can exceed 200/hr for the right work. These
             | days you can pretty much only get such jobs via connection
             | as they aren't creating more of these jobs very frequently.
             | 
             | Source: The 200/hr figure was based on underwater welding
             | for USN ships.
        
         | newfonewhodis wrote:
         | While your (completely valid) points address the economics of
         | college, it misses the connections and friendships you make
         | through college. It's the best way for most people to be thrown
         | around thousands of people to find and build their community.
         | 
         | All that to say, if the economics of college were better, even
         | I (mid-career) would consider going back for a couple of
         | degrees to continue expanding my community.
        
       | racl101 wrote:
       | - It got very expensive
       | 
       | - Depending on what you choose it might not even be rewarding
       | 
       | - You'll be saddled with crippling debt forever
       | 
       | Nah.
       | 
       | You're better off paying a couple of thousand for a coding
       | bootcamp and have a better chance of finding some work and
       | actually pay off the smaller debt you might have incurred.
        
       | spaetzleesser wrote:
       | I still haven't seen a real analysis why college has become so
       | f....ing expensive over the last decades. I find it hard to
       | understand why this is being accepted.
        
       | dillondoyle wrote:
       | Personally I would not have gotten any value of university in
       | COVID times where there is virtually no 'campus life' and extra
       | curricular.
       | 
       | I've heard this from a lot of kids going through this and I would
       | not be surprised if that's the main driver versus this article's
       | main point of short term work $ versus long term career $.
       | 
       | One of the interviewed kids said "he was tired of remote
       | learning."
       | 
       | I can't find any surveys just googling around if anyone has a
       | source?
       | 
       | for me, education alone would not be worth private school $, or
       | even University of CO money (not science or maths). I barely
       | learned anything from my major subject classes.
       | 
       | I learned a ton from living on campus, doing my sport, student
       | government, being an RA, interning and then working on political
       | campaigns. probably some HN bias I think most here are probably
       | more self starter, more intelligent.
       | 
       | Plus college is about learning about yourself. Hard to become an
       | independent adult when you're living in your parents house doing
       | Zoom all day.
        
       | panzagl wrote:
       | The dean of students at my daughter's university (Montana State)
       | has been pretty upfront about this mostly being demographics- Gen
       | Z is smaller than the Millennials.
       | 
       | That being said, both of my daughter's had drilled into their
       | heads how expensive college would be by their HS teachers and
       | staff. We're continually telling them not to worry about it, it's
       | our responsibility to pay, not theirs, don't feel bad for not
       | going into STEM, etc. Doesn't help that we live out west where
       | anti-intellectualism is the default and a degree is just seen as
       | a piece of paper.
        
         | starwind wrote:
         | I live in Colorado. I don't see a lot that I would "anti-
         | intellectualism" since I live close to Denver but I definitely
         | see a much higher value placed on skills than degrees
        
           | panzagl wrote:
           | Well, it won't surprise you that I live a little south of
           | you. But even in Denver try telling people that your daughter
           | is double majoring in history and classics- the looks I get
           | mostly range from "she's crazy" to "you're an idiot for
           | letting her do that". Nevermind that her 'hyper expensive
           | education' will cost less than their dually F-250...
        
       | xyzzy_plugh wrote:
       | This is nearly a strictly American problem. Much of the rest of
       | the world has realized that society requires and is capable of
       | supporting advanced education for all -- after all we want
       | humanity to be _advancing_ , right?
       | 
       | America is still stuck in this alternate universe where it's a
       | great privilege to have the opportunity to learn, which is of
       | course true to some extent, but they _really_ put it on a
       | pedestal there.
       | 
       | Compared to the rest of the world, I think they over index on
       | attending prestigious out-of-state and thus expensive, regardless
       | of public or private, instead of building a really strong system
       | for locals.
       | 
       | I think of my (non-US) classmates, maybe 1-2 per 100 were from a
       | different region or country? I paid a total of $20k over five
       | years which I easily covered with internships/summer jobs. Can
       | you say the same in the US?
        
         | jackson1442 wrote:
         | I'm attending a state school in the US, and my degree costs
         | about $13k/year + books + housing.
        
         | armchairhacker wrote:
         | Some people hate college and only go for the degree. College
         | should be accessible to everyone but not everyone needs to go
         | to college.
        
         | paulpauper wrote:
         | _This is nearly a strictly American problem. Much of the rest
         | of the world has realized that society requires and is capable
         | of supporting advanced education for all -- after all we want
         | humanity to be advancing, right?_
         | 
         | I think foreign colleges have stricter entry requirements and
         | fewer amenities compared to American colleges. So yes, college
         | may be free in Japan, but also much harder to be accepted.
        
           | chaosbolt wrote:
           | >I think foreign colleges have stricter entry requirements
           | and fewer amenities compared to American colleges. So yes,
           | college may be free in Japan, but also much harder to be
           | accepted.
           | 
           | Yeah this is problematic, on one hand you have people who
           | work harder for it pass the entrance exams and get in (like
           | in France for example where some engineering schools like
           | Polytechnique and ENS have a super difficult entrance exam
           | but then you know everyone studying there earned it), but on
           | the other hand you get some people who are just lazy or not
           | good at physics get filtered from top tier positions in CS
           | because the entrance exam had Math and Physics equally
           | attribute to your grade.
        
           | bernulli wrote:
           | In Germany, the overall entry requirement is a not horrible
           | high school degree (type of high school intended to prepare
           | for an academic career) for engineering. You can just go and
           | sign up to the university of your choice. The flip side is
           | that you then sit there with hundreds of other students that
           | will be weeded out by a harsh curriculum and zero advisement.
           | That said, whoever gets through that system will be worth
           | their price later on when you hire them.
        
         | julienb_sea wrote:
         | I don't know in which non-American worldview you subscribe, but
         | America has a higher rate of tertiary education achievement
         | than practically every European nation (source: https://en.wiki
         | pedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_tertiary_...). European
         | countries have more selective and restrictive advanced
         | education requirements, they just don't charge for them. This
         | is the literal opposite of "supporting advanced education for
         | all".
         | 
         | To be clear, I think this is a more sensible system than what
         | we do here in America, where anyone can get an advanced
         | education because even if you can't afford it, the government
         | will guarantee loans of arbitrary size.
        
         | joey_bob wrote:
         | Our state has a program that covers tuition if you are in-
         | state, received good grades in high school, and continue to
         | maintain those.
         | 
         | Of my (undergraduate) classmates, I believe 60% were out of
         | state, including out of country. Unfortunately, most that came
         | from states with similarly ranked public schools did not have
         | access to a similar program in those states.
         | 
         | My payments to the university totaled $60k for 7 years,
         | undergraduate and masters. (I lost full tuition coverage my
         | first year.)
        
         | ren_engineer wrote:
         | >Much of the rest of the world has realized that society
         | requires and is capable of supporting advanced education for
         | all -- after all we want humanity to be advancing, right?
         | 
         | the number of STEM degrees in the US has basically been flat
         | for decades, majority of degrees being handed out are
         | effectively useless in terms of boosting productivity and
         | "advancement". Go around and ask people with college degrees
         | how often they actually use them, probably 90% admit it was
         | worthless, I know mine was. Luckily I had academic scholarships
         | so I didn't have any debt
         | 
         | kids are effectively being propagandized and brainwashed into
         | chasing worthless credentials while racking up debt that will
         | impact their lives for years. The amount of emotional
         | manipulation around college is disgusting
        
           | Taylor_OD wrote:
           | My theatre degree has been useless from a compensation
           | standpoint for me. It was somewhat helpful when I was in
           | sales but I only got it because it was the easiest degree
           | that required the least amount of maths.
           | 
           | I went to college because my parents forced me to. Thankfully
           | I got out without any debt. I cant imagine how upset I would
           | be if I racked up 100K is debt and ended up with a useless
           | degree like many of my friends did.
           | 
           | That being said... I cant really blame my parents for forcing
           | me to go. It did seem like the best option at the time. No
           | one told me, or I guess them, about alternative educational
           | programs or trade schools. I'd probably be a carpenter now if
           | someone had. I had pretty much zero plans for my life post
           | high school so college at least gave me something to do while
           | I figured it out.
        
         | banannaise wrote:
         | There is a rapidly growing list of increasingly dire "strictly
         | American problems". I wonder when and how it will break.
        
         | timmg wrote:
         | > Much of the rest of the world has realized that society
         | requires and is capable of supporting advanced education for
         | all...
         | 
         | I don't know about _all_ of the rest of the world, but many
         | countries require you to  "test in" to college (and then it's
         | free). The US basically lets anyone go to college if they can
         | pay.
         | 
         | You can argue one is better than the other. But you should be
         | honest/aware of the difference.
        
         | beepbooptheory wrote:
         | There is little hope anymore for actual advancement anyway,
         | just a tendency downwards, punctuated by small spurts of
         | different kinds of enthusiasm.
         | 
         | We get a new iPhone every once in a while, or a UI refresh of
         | twitter, to simulate a feeling of advancement, but we all, deep
         | down, know it's just that, a feeling.
         | 
         | How could anyone even really want advancement when we know that
         | finance thrives on predictable cycles.
         | 
         | The word for the next centuries should be 'humility,' not
         | 'progress'. Humility is the only thing I think we can possibly
         | achieve anymore
        
         | contravariant wrote:
         | Some of the 'let's saddle students with debt' vibe seems to
         | have pollinated the Netherlands, though for reasons that I
         | applaud but don't quite understand pretty much everyone now
         | considers it a bad idea.
        
           | mettamage wrote:
           | I have no data, I'm simply stating my beliefs to give you an
           | understanding, since I feel I'm one of the people you happen
           | to be surprised about.
           | 
           | Free education levels the playing field. Moreover, I feel
           | guilt. I have been a beneficiary of free education. Free
           | transport, free college tuition, free books and some paid
           | assistance with living somewhere else. Coming from a working
           | class family it has given me an amazing boost in:
           | 
           | * Career (master computer science)
           | 
           | * Spiritual knowledge (one Buddhism course was enough)
           | 
           | * Outlook on the world
           | 
           | * Network
           | 
           | University isn't perfect, but if I wasn't given this chance
           | then I would not be able to replicate certain pivotal
           | experiences simply by using the internet and my own wit. In
           | that sense, I still believe it levels the playing field by
           | quite a bit.
           | 
           | School was always meant as the great equalizer and I think it
           | still should be, as imperfect as it is.
        
         | kgin wrote:
         | Americans have one of the highest rates of higher education in
         | the developed world.
         | 
         | America just wants new grads to be indebted to motivate them to
         | get to work.
        
         | feoren wrote:
         | > after all we want humanity to be _advancing_ , right?
         | 
         | Hell no! Life is a zero-sum game, so if I'm hurting other
         | people, that must mean I'm winning! Besides, if we all
         | collectively come together to make the world better, _those
         | people_ might have nice things too! That would make me so
         | angry! I 'd rather live in poverty than see _those people_ do
         | well in life!
         | 
         | Sarcasm, obviously, but at least 100 million Americans believe
         | all of the above. They are single-issue voters, and their
         | single issue is hurting other people.
        
         | maccolgan wrote:
         | > This is nearly a strictly American problem. Much of the rest
         | of the world has realized that society requires and is capable
         | of supporting advanced education for all -- after all we want
         | humanity to be advancing, right?
         | 
         | Yeah subsidization of education, of mostly useless degrees will
         | solve all problems of humanity, totally.
        
         | JumpCrisscross wrote:
         | > _after all we want humanity to be advancing, right?_
         | 
         | I don't know how much our reams of communications, generic
         | business and English majors are advancing humanity. (Granted, I
         | studied finance [and engineering] in undergrad.)
        
           | BingoAhoy wrote:
           | Stephen King was an English major. Word art, literature,
           | helps people advance cognitively.
           | 
           | English is an unowned cultivated intellectual property that
           | greases communication which greases all other human
           | endeavors. I think its underappreciated.
           | 
           | Not all education needs to advance the frontier, much of it
           | is about maintaining what we've already claimed and passing
           | it on to new generations.
        
             | ryan93 wrote:
             | What kind of argument is that. For every 10,000 English
             | majors there is maybe 1 Stephen king or anything close to
             | ti
        
               | beepbooptheory wrote:
               | I think it's a quite good argument, and at very least one
               | that doesn't rely on colleges literally producing a
               | larger number Stephen Kings, as if something about the
               | quantity produced could matter at all (really curious how
               | you even arrived at that counter).
        
           | long_time_gone wrote:
           | Communicating with eachother, knowledge of business, and
           | understanding language seem like things we would want more of
           | in society. Not sure why they would be demonized. Is the goal
           | of higher-education to promote learning and build a well-
           | rounded citizenry or to create worker drones?
        
             | JumpCrisscross wrote:
             | > _Not sure why they would be demonized_
             | 
             | Because they're in large part neither functional nor
             | artistic. Both force one to think in novel ways. The
             | certification-for-its-own-sake majors do not.
             | 
             | There are reams of low-grade degrees in which the majority
             | of teaching is in memorization, not mastering new ways to
             | think. That doesn't advance society, particularly when it
             | burdens young people with debt.
        
               | lapetitejort wrote:
               | > There are reams of low-grade degrees in which the
               | majority of teaching is in memorization
               | 
               | I have a degree in physics with a minor in literature. I
               | took one upper div lit class a quarter. I never memorized
               | a thing. Instead I read a ton, both assigned and peer
               | review, and wrote a ton, both essays and creative. My lit
               | classes are far more memorable than my physics classes
               | because I learned the skill of communicating my ideas.
               | "Low-grade" creative writing taught me that my ideas will
               | never be conveyed as I hoped; good criticism can be
               | immensely helpful; and rewriting my work is when
               | something truly useful comes together.
        
               | marcellus23 wrote:
               | > Both force one to think in novel ways. The
               | certification-for-its-own-sake majors do not.
               | 
               | What exactly do you think an English major is like?
               | Humanities majors absolutely force you to think in new
               | ways, and I'd argue much more so than engineering or CS
               | majors.
        
               | JumpCrisscross wrote:
               | > _What exactly do you think an English major is like?
               | Humanities majors absolutely force you to think in new
               | ways_
               | 
               | I agree, and was on the edge in not including that major,
               | but did so because there are English majors and there are
               | undergrads who got a degree in English. At a lot of tier
               | 2 public universities ( _e.g._ the one I went to), the
               | latter dominate. A student showing initiative can get a
               | top-notch liberal arts education. But the average student
               | won 't. They'll skim, read the SparkNotes and pass
               | through unchanged because the point isn't studying
               | literature but getting a diploma.
               | 
               | Students who want to learn anything should be given the
               | opportunity. I strongly believe that. But more people
               | with degrees doesn't make for a better-educated
               | population. And driving money into encouraging that
               | doesn't necessarily advance society either.
        
               | long_time_gone wrote:
               | This sounds like a bias working backwards to find a
               | justification. Is there any studies or data that support
               | your stance? Which are the "good" majors? Who gets to
               | judge that?
               | 
               | > There are reams of low-grade degrees in which the
               | majority of teaching is in memorization, and not
               | mastering new ways to think.
               | 
               | The biggest complaint from anyone I know who studied
               | medicine/pre-med is the sheer amount of memorization
               | involved. Must be a useless field of study.
        
               | JumpCrisscross wrote:
               | > _biggest complaint from anyone I know who studied
               | medicine /pre-med is the sheer amount of memorization_
               | 
               | This is a straw man. Nobody said memorization is
               | verboten.
               | 
               | A certificate granted for mainly memorization, where no
               | new modes of thinking or doing were involved, is not
               | worth tends of thousands of dollars. If a med school
               | matriculated students who never did practical and had
               | never deliberated treatment modes and tradeoffs, _et
               | cetera_ , yes, it would be close to useless.
        
               | long_time_gone wrote:
               | >A certificate granted for mainly memorization, where no
               | new modes of thinking or doing were involved, is not
               | worth tends of thousands of dollars.
               | 
               | And here is your straw man. Nobody said they were worth
               | that much. You haven't demonstrated that a significant
               | portion of any major exhibits these traits.
        
               | JumpCrisscross wrote:
               | > _Nobody said they were worth that much_
               | 
               | Four years of a young person's time is worth tens of
               | thousands of dollars. So beyond the direct cost of
               | education, that is the opportunity cost, to the
               | individual and to society. I think that's money well
               | spent for _e.g._ a proper liberal arts degree. It isn 't
               | for a piece of paper pursued for its own end.
        
               | long_time_gone wrote:
               | You haven't presented evidence or sources that any
               | individual major is "A certificate granted for mainly
               | memorization, where no new modes of thinking or doing
               | were involved."
               | 
               | This is the basis of your entire point, and you haven't
               | backed it up with anything of substance. You can keep
               | tossing red herrings, but this hasn't been addressed.
        
               | SuoDuanDao wrote:
               | Anecdotally, I have a friend who recently retired from
               | teaching psychology and linguistics at a university
               | level, and his observation over twenty years at the same
               | institution was that standards were aggressively lowered
               | to move more paying customers through the system. Not
               | sure you'd say that's substantial or not, but I'm
               | inclined to believe him.
        
           | 11101010001100 wrote:
           | For those who work in adtech now, there's some hubris to be
           | had. That industry was founded by people with those very
           | degrees.
        
         | AlchemistCamp wrote:
         | > I paid a total of $20k over five years which I easily covered
         | with internships/summer jobs.
         | 
         | You paid with five years of your life. Even if college were
         | "free", it still wouldn't be the optimal thing for everyone to
         | do. It is the best choice for some, but unfortunately those who
         | make other choices are often looked down upon in much of the
         | world unless they're an outlier success.
         | 
         | The cost of US schools is a massive problem, but the increasing
         | assumption that _everyone_ needs to take multiple years out of
         | what could be the most productive phase of their life to engage
         | in a tracked cookie-cutter experience is an even bigger
         | problem.
         | 
         | Schooling and education aren't the same thing and the first
         | doesn't always lead to much of the second.
        
         | wil421 wrote:
         | Yes I can say the same in the US. My state paid full tuition
         | for B average and above students if you went to a college in
         | the state. After a little over a year I took off and went back
         | to school while working at a later point. By that time I
         | qualified for federal tuition aid but lost my state one. It
         | wasn't much over $20k for 5 years out of pocket for me.
        
         | gorjusborg wrote:
         | I've lived in the U.S. my entire life, and I agree with you.
         | Our culture somehow misses the fact that as a society we
         | benefit from educated citizens. There's even a segment of the
         | population that fetishizes ignorance as a virtue, and knowledge
         | as leftist indoctrination.
         | 
         | There also seems to be a deep seated fear that any sort of
         | public investment in people is seen as a slippery slope to
         | soviet-style authoritarian government.
        
           | autokad wrote:
           | > knowledge as leftist indoctrination.
           | 
           | Almost all of my classes had leftist brainwashing. In my
           | machine learning class, the professor would use voting
           | republican as a classifier making the wrong decision. Given
           | that people had made it this far in education to be good at
           | repeating and learning what ever the professor says and that
           | the professor is in a position of power over the students,
           | this is very bad.
           | 
           | > There also seems to be a deep seated fear that any sort of
           | public investment in people is seen as a slippery slope to
           | soviet-style authoritarian government.
           | 
           | Well, we now have to show our papers to go to restaurants,
           | bars, work, etc and are now required to mask our faces in
           | public. its considered an act of terrorism to raise your
           | voice at a school board meeting, and we're being censored on
           | internet platforms. so yeah, you already accomplished your
           | soviet-style authoritarianism.
        
             | rjbwork wrote:
             | >Well, we now have to show our papers to go to restaurants,
             | bars, work, etc and are now required to mask our faces in
             | public. its considered an act of terrorism to raise your
             | voice at a school board meeting, and we're being censored
             | on internet platforms. so yeah, you already accomplished
             | your soviet-style authoritarianism.
             | 
             | (with the exception of the school board thing, which i
             | don't know about)
             | 
             | >Communism is when capitalism!
        
           | chrisco255 wrote:
           | Academia is a hostile environment for a right-leaning person.
           | When less than 5% of professors identify as conservative, why
           | would you gravitate to it, as a conservative? That's half the
           | country, by the way. Maybe that has something to do with low
           | engagement. Consequently, the institution suffers
           | dramatically from its own groupthink.
           | 
           | That being said, there's a difference between academic
           | education and other forms of education, such as vocational or
           | work experience. One is not better than the other. I'm weary
           | of people that think they're smarter or better than someone
           | else on the basis of what school they went to or how long
           | for. Academia does not have a monopoly on knowledge.
           | Particularly in the information age, but even well before the
           | age we find ourselves in, there's always been value in the
           | pragmatic experience of less intellectual pursuits.
           | 
           | I'd say the U.S.'s slant towards pragmatism and away from
           | intellectualism is one of my favorite things about the
           | country. I'd say it showed itself pretty well on the Covid
           | response. Red states were more quicker to re-open, quicker to
           | drop restrictions, and quicker to move on to living with
           | Covid and in spite of it. People knew intuitively that you
           | wouldn't be able to control a virus more infectious than the
           | common cold.
           | 
           | And many people know this, intuitively as well, that's why
           | New York loss record population last year and why Florida and
           | Texas grew dramatically. The intellectuals running New York
           | and New York City probably have tons of education and not one
           | bit of common sense, because all they know is conformity.
           | When an ordained expert says jump, they ask how high?
           | 
           | That doesn't even begin to cover the other part of it, which
           | is how poorly adapted academia is for the 21st century. Even
           | if it were free, it wouldn't fix that problem.
        
             | gorjusborg wrote:
             | > how poorly adapted academia is for the 21st century. Even
             | if it were free, it wouldn't fix that problem.
             | 
             | I can agree with you on that.
        
         | abeppu wrote:
         | > America is still stuck in this alternate universe where it's
         | a great privilege to have the opportunity to learn, which is of
         | course true to some extent, but they really put it on a
         | pedestal there.
         | 
         | I think the facts don't really support the idea of it being a
         | "great privilege" in the sense of being inaccessible to most.
         | E.g. if you look at this table of tertiary education by
         | country, in OECD countries plus a few others, the US is in the
         | top 10.
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_tertiary_...
         | 
         | In the section below that, if you look at 4-year degrees or
         | higher, more Americans have a 4-year equivalent than Israelis,
         | Swedes, Canadians, Norwegians, French, German etc.
         | 
         | We're not an outlier in how many of us go to college, just in
         | how much of people's lives they end up paying for it.
        
       | lanecwagner wrote:
       | College simply isn't the most effective way to be learning these
       | days. Especially for undergraduate degrees, places like Kahn
       | Academy, Qvault.io (mine) and FreeCodeCamp are working really
       | well
        
       | Bostonian wrote:
       | I've read that more Americans start college than in other
       | developed countries but that the fraction of college graduates is
       | similar. This suggests that there are too many unqualified
       | students attending college in the U.S., and if the declining
       | enrollments are coming primarily from that group, it's a good
       | thing.
        
         | fortran77 wrote:
         | And now there are movements to eliminate SATs or similar
         | standardized tests, allowing more unqualified students to enter
         | college.
         | 
         | Enrollment might also be down because of COVID. For many, I
         | think, college is more about getting away from home and living
         | in a fun-filled alternate world for a few years with dorm
         | rooms, frat parties, etc. With remote classes and restrictions,
         | why bother?
         | 
         | (I'm imagining here -- I commuted to a local 4-year college on
         | a public bus while also working. Then got my Master's degree in
         | the evening while working full-time, in the early 80s.)
        
           | jack_pp wrote:
           | Those student lones are worth a lot to the govt, lifetime
           | additional tax.
        
           | rjzzleep wrote:
           | SATs are the dumbest thing I've encountered in testing. In
           | the US scoring high in some SATs will even qualify you for
           | Mensa(gifted stamp).
           | 
           | There are a handful of companies that own a huge margin of
           | the standardized testing market(Pearson being one of them).
           | From selling new test learning books every year, to the
           | massive global standardized testing training market.
           | 
           | Maybe the movements to eliminate SATs have a different
           | agenda, but generally the main reason you need those SATs is
           | because the average education level in the US is so
           | horrendous. Instead of fixing that problem there are a
           | handful organizations acting as money printing machines and
           | gatekeepers for higher education. It's frankly disgusting.
           | 
           | If you ever had to take ANY kind of industrialized
           | generalized test, whether it's ISC2, PMI, 6 Sigma, TLA+ or
           | just SAT's or IELTS/TOEFL GRE or even just normal US
           | university multiple choice as a non American you might find
           | the whole ordeal infuriatingly insulting(unless you studied
           | medicine, in which case it's similar across the globe)
           | 
           | It's a lazy cop out for not giving teacher enough resources
           | to actually teach.
        
             | achenatx wrote:
             | The average is not great, but it hides the underlying
             | cause. If you look into education scores more closely you
             | will find that subpopulations have greatly varying results.
             | This implies that it isnt just about schools.
             | 
             | The same goes for infant mortality. People cite infant
             | mortality as evidence that our healthcare system sucks. But
             | really infant mortality is clustered in certain sub
             | populations.
             | 
             | The same goes for murder rates and gun violence.
             | 
             | Unfortunately the problems cannot be fixed until people
             | admit and are willing to talk about the underlying actual
             | root causes.
        
             | nradov wrote:
             | College admissions officers need some way to decide which
             | applicants to accept. If they don't use SAT scores then
             | what should they use instead? SAT scores have pretty good
             | correlation with college academic success (although not
             | perfect). High school grades can't really be compared
             | between schools due to inconsistent grading standards.
             | 
             | It used to be common for selective colleges to administer
             | their own proprietary admission exams. But that was a huge
             | burden on students applying to multiple schools, hence the
             | switch to standardized testing.
        
               | lapsedacademic wrote:
               | _> If they don 't use SAT scores then what should they
               | use instead?_
               | 
               | The answer depends on institution type.
               | 
               | Highly Selective Institutions: the admissions process is
               | so hands-on and personal that I could believe they are
               | able to get a good sense of each candidate without
               | testing. E.g., I absolutely believe Harvard's admissions
               | folks have the bandwidth to compare grades between high
               | schools (not that they need to). And they do all sorts of
               | stuff that gives you a better sense for the candidate
               | than test scores (alumni interviews, essays, rec letters,
               | delving into performance in highly competitive extra-
               | curriculars, exceptional community service work, etc).
               | 
               | Non-Selective Institutions (let's say admissions >70%):
               | Standardized tests are kind of a waste of time and money
               | for all involved. These institutions are functionally
               | admitting everyone who can manage to fill out the
               | admissions paperwork and didn't systematically fail high
               | school courses. It makes sense to make test scores
               | optional, because there might be a few diamonds in the
               | 30% "oof" pile who can pull off a decent SAT score to
               | compensate for their D-average-no-honors-courses
               | transcript. But _requiring_ the SAT /ACT is silly when
               | your admissions standards are extremely low.
               | 
               | Moderately Selective Institutions: I definitely see
               | utility in these universities still using the SAT. But
               | notice that this is actually a very small set of
               | institutions. Perhaps 100-300 the US's 3K+ colleges fit
               | in this category.
               | 
               | --
               | 
               | FWIW, my opinion on SAT/ACT is somewhere in the middle.
               | 
               | I think standardized tests can be an excellent instrument
               | when some form of assessment is necessary but more
               | nuanced assessments of merit are cost-prohibitive. So for
               | places like competitive state flagships, I think getting
               | rid of testing _and replacing it with an admissions
               | process that works at least as good as testing_ is
               | probably more expensive than it 's worth.
               | 
               | However, I also think the pro-testing camp is often
               | extremely hyperbolic. Testing is just one way of
               | assessing merit. It has all sorts of flaws. Tests are a
               | model, and all models are wrong.
               | 
               | As an aside, I'm not surprised that so many pro-SAT-the-
               | sky-is-falling folks are mathematicians. That entire
               | field is completely fucked up when in comes to testing.
               | Math as a discipline is bad about intellectual peacocking
               | in general... if you think Mensa is insufferable, spend
               | an afternoon in a math dept. Math professors are exactly
               | the last set of people in the world I would trust to have
               | a healthy attitude toward the ability of testing to suss
               | out real merit. They literally talk about their prelim
               | exams the same way frat bros talk about hazing rituals.
               | Systematic misuse of testing is the second biggest reason
               | that people choose to do phds in math-adjacent fields
               | instead of math. (The biggest reason is job prospects.)
        
           | ghaff wrote:
           | I would have had a hard time recommending that someone start
           | college during the pandemic given the option to defer for a
           | year (or more). Of course, alternative activities weren't in
           | a great place either.
           | 
           | I also have first-hand knowledge of a fair number of students
           | who took some time off during the pandemic.
        
         | astura wrote:
         | Maybe.
         | 
         | Some people fail out of college because the work is beyond
         | their capabilities, but I think a significant percentage of
         | people who start college but don't graduate do so for reasons
         | other than being simply unqualified.
         | 
         | I admit it's anecdotal, but very few people I know who started
         | college but didn't finish didn't finish due to academic
         | reasons.
        
         | claytonjy wrote:
         | I am rather certain that, at least when I attended a decade
         | ago, my university leaned into this as a revenue source.
         | 
         | My school, Michigan Tech, is in Michigan's Upper Peninsula, a
         | remote location averaging over 200" of snow per year with the
         | nearest major city over 5 hours away, and most students
         | traveling 8+ hours from their parent's homes in SE Michigan.
         | The application was 4 pages long: 1 page of info, 2 pages for
         | me to fill out, 1 for my guidance counselor. No essays. So,
         | very easy to be accepted to, 90%+ acceptance rate.
         | 
         | The second year return rate was below 70% at the time, and
         | anecdotally many freshmen didn't return for second semester
         | after going home for Christmas. Not only is it remote, cold,
         | and not sunny, but there was a dearth of women and some tough
         | weeder classes (chemistry, calc 2).
         | 
         | If you can finish, you're in a great spot. Eng degrees from
         | there are quite well regarded regionally (competitive with
         | University of Michigan) and graduates had lower debt than any
         | other school in the state. It seems obvious that the university
         | avoided a more stringent up-front filter so it could soak kids
         | for a year or two before forcing them out due to grades or
         | environment.
         | 
         | I'm not sure that's entirely unreasonable, as I'm not sure how
         | they could predict who would leave due to environment, but I
         | also knew many freshmen who were obviously not setup to succeed
         | academically, and didn't.
        
           | leetcrew wrote:
           | I went to a state school with a similar strategy: accept
           | basically everyone then thin the herd with some brutal weed
           | out courses. I don't think it was some cynical strategy to
           | raise revenue though; they also offered tons of remedial
           | courses to give ill-prepared students a chance to catch up.
           | 
           | imo this is an appropriate way for a public school to
           | operate. everyone gets a shot, but people that can't make it
           | get failed out early. way less debt for the student than
           | dropping out years later, and more frugal with public funds
           | too.
        
         | mistrial9 wrote:
         | ... friends, a comment from Boston, Massachusetts
         | Welcome to Merry old Boston         The Land of the Bean and
         | the Cod         where Lowells speak only to Cabbots         and
         | Cabots speak only to G*d
        
         | ducharmdev wrote:
         | Where did you read this? Just curious, I'd like to share with
         | someone I know that works in this field.
        
       | GnarfGnarf wrote:
       | Start by lowering tuition fees. University administrations have
       | become bloated, profiteering from the truism that you gotta go to
       | college to get a good job.
       | 
       | I got my B.A. in 1968; I owed $800 balance on my student loan
       | ($6,400 today).
       | 
       | My plumber just charged me $430 to install a sink, about an hour
       | and a half's work. That doesn't include the cost of the sink. Are
       | Gender Studies majors making this kind of money?
        
         | maxerickson wrote:
         | Government dollars went a lot further when a smaller percentage
         | of people were enrolling in college. And there was unmet demand
         | for college educated professionals (which is true in some
         | fields today, but probably not as broadly true), so there was
         | more willingness to spend government dollars educating people.
        
       | muaytimbo wrote:
       | Easy explanation, who wants to pay for a masked/zoom college
       | experience? Add jab requirements every couple months, "covid"
       | surveillance and contact tracing, and intentionally minimized
       | social activities/opportunities and why would anyone pay 50k/yr
       | for that?
        
         | hbn wrote:
         | I also think millennials were the sacrificial generation who
         | were forced to find out the hard way that college isn't the
         | magical path to a great, well-paying career like they were
         | promised. They did everything right, exactly as the generation
         | before them who it worked for. They got expensive degrees, sunk
         | themselves into crippling debt right as they were entering
         | adulthood, only to find out most of the degrees they were sold
         | are worthless. The new generation that's supposed to be
         | entering college now can clearly see how badly millennials got
         | scammed, why would they do the same thing as them? Not to
         | mention the absolutely deranged politics that are taking place
         | in academic institutions these days.
         | 
         | The current sales pitch of college is "give us tens of
         | thousands of dollars so you can watch some online classes with
         | information you could find freely on the internet, we'll
         | occasionally get you to write essays about how you were born
         | inherently toxic as a person, and then at the end we give you a
         | piece of paper that won't get you a job." No shit, attendance
         | is going down.
         | 
         | Unless you have a very specific plan for a career you want to
         | get into, and you know it's a job that would actually be worth
         | the money spent (like a computer science degree so you can get
         | into a software career), it's just such an obviously horrible
         | deal.
        
       | jimmar wrote:
       | Children of affluent parents are still going to college at very
       | high rates. The people suffering most from the expense of college
       | are those who would benefit most from a college degree. Whatever
       | the causes, people with college degree earn much more over their
       | lifetimes than people without degrees. The trend in lower college
       | enrollment seems like it will only exacerbate wealth disparities.
        
       | pandeiro wrote:
       | Why not wait until COVID hysteria is over? Seems like the right
       | call.
        
       | rossdavidh wrote:
       | As the father of a 16-year old, I can say that the current
       | generation of teenagers has heard a lot more about the issues of
       | college debt than previous generations did. Partly because it's a
       | lot higher, partly because even if newsmedia doesn't report on
       | it, there are enough adults out there saddled with it that they
       | just hear about it from a relative or friend. It used to be a no-
       | brainer; you go to college if you can. No longer.
       | 
       | Any industry that sees nothing but expansion for decades, has a
       | rough time when it stops. I think higher ed is in for a rough
       | time.
        
         | cush wrote:
         | Exactly. 1M fewer people will be in poverty from student loan
         | debt
        
         | strikelaserclaw wrote:
         | not only the higher costs of education but my generation
         | (millennial) learned that most degrees offered provide no real
         | jobs that can contend with massive rise in cost for every
         | significant thing that constitutes a decent life (housing,
         | childcare etc...). Things look even bleaker for younger
         | generations. The people who were born just in time to ride the
         | swelling wave greatly benefited, if you were born when the wave
         | is crashing down, unfortunately your life will be much much
         | harder. We have this notion that everything we earn is based on
         | merit but as i get older i see how much external context
         | greatly influences the opportunities for merit as well as the
         | outcomes.
        
         | l8rpeace wrote:
         | I can relate to info/knowledge about that edu debt, went to
         | undergrad in the 90's and while I might be naive, I can say I
         | didn't comprehend the debt side of things. And my edu debt
         | pales in comparison to today's students. Fortunately I grew up,
         | buckled down, and paid it off but there were some lean years
         | right after school. Now? I can't even imagine.
         | 
         | And I also agree: how will these institutions scale back? What
         | if tuition was cut significantly? What programs are on the
         | chopping block?
        
           | rossdavidh wrote:
           | Businesses and industries that have never had layoffs (or not
           | in a long time), tend to do them badly (more unfairly and in
           | a more disorganized manner) than ones which have had them
           | recently.
        
         | taylodl wrote:
         | No. Things are just going back to the way they used to be:
         | higher education is for the elites. Once upon a time we
         | understood that higher education was important for all and
         | having a well-educated public was good for the Republic. Now
         | that view no longer holds - the politicians have learned that
         | their flim-flam doesn't work as well on a well-educated public
         | and so they've been making cuts to higher education for the
         | past 20 years. We're just now getting to the point where the
         | cuts are having a serious impact to the middle class being able
         | to afford college. Don't worry though - the elites will be just
         | fine.
        
           | 9dev wrote:
           | Hanlon's Razor: "Never attribute to malice that which is
           | adequately explained by stupidity".
           | 
           | It's enough to assume elites were greedy (and/or dense) and
           | didn't consider long-term effects, you don't even need a
           | decades-spanning conspiracy for it.
           | 
           | The elites won't be as fine once they realise much of their
           | wealth stems from the rest of the republic, but that seems to
           | be the circle humanity is caught in for eternity.
        
             | mistrial9 wrote:
             | it is my vague impression from history that in real yet
             | slow-moving crisis, those that are able to command and
             | control high-value resources do in fact continue to thrive
             | while others fail in increasing numbers. This works, until
             | it doesn't, to make a cute phrase, because in dynamic
             | systems, either the system re-stabilizes in a new and
             | different composition, or there is sudden, increased
             | failure.
        
               | 9dev wrote:
               | If I understood you correctly, you're describing the
               | efficiency-resilience problem: A system that is efficient
               | is highly specialised for their environment, and thus
               | susceptible to failure if the environment changes; a
               | system that is resilient will not be as efficient, but
               | can adapt to a changing environment.
               | 
               | This seems to apply to all kinds of things - people,
               | organisations, software, religions.
               | 
               | I guess as often in live, balance is important here :)
        
               | rossdavidh wrote:
               | True, and you might be interested in Peter Turchin's
               | "Ages of Discord" for a more in-depth investigation into
               | how and why that happens.
        
           | echelon wrote:
           | That's an interesting take, but I disagree.
           | 
           | The reason colleges cost so much is that they've expanded
           | their administration, facilities, and sports programs to soak
           | up all of the available loan money.
           | 
           | I went to a state school that focused on STEM. The acceptance
           | rate was low, class sizes were small, and the tuitions were
           | reasonable. The buildings dated from the 60's. We didn't have
           | extensive athletic programs, and our gym was falling apart.
           | The school didn't spare expenses on things that didn't
           | contribute directly to education.
           | 
           | We still had access to full machine shops, doppler radar
           | installations, flow cytometers, BSL-3 labs, electron
           | microscopes, wind tunnels, robotics facilities, and a boat
           | load of really cool stuff. But it certainly didn't feel like
           | an ivory tower.
           | 
           | Though our school wasn't losing money, the state board of
           | regents decided to merge it into a much larger "liberal arts"
           | school. This was done so that it could hit the student body
           | requirements in order to qualify for building its own
           | division I football program.
           | 
           | They built lots of fancy buildings for their dance program
           | and theater productions. I can't even count how many stadiums
           | and sports facilities they've constructed - it feels like two
           | dozen! They're also purchasing lots of expensive real estate
           | to enhance the size of the main campus. Meanwhile tuition has
           | quadrupled and fees have gone up 1,000%.
           | 
           | It's bloat. That's why everything costs so much.
        
             | taylodl wrote:
             | The administrative bloat helps cover the fact that their
             | graduates aren't able to get jobs upon graduating. Parents
             | and prospective students feel good that 99.7% of the
             | graduates got a job within their first year of graduation
             | and don't realize 7% of that was as an administrator for
             | the college.
        
             | lordnacho wrote:
             | I wonder if there's a market for schools that specifically
             | don't have a sports program. I suspect the atmosphere at
             | such a place would be attractive to a large minority of
             | prospective students.
        
               | taylodl wrote:
               | A lot of students who may not play sports competitively
               | still enjoy playing sports recreationally and really,
               | given the sad state of American's health these days, we
               | really need to be promoting the development of both mind
               | and body.
        
       | dpierce9 wrote:
       | There are a lot of people blaming federal loans for the inflation
       | in college costs, however, private secondary school (high school)
       | tuition has also grown at a comparable rate (maybe even faster).
       | There are not, to my knowledge, federal loans for private
       | secondary schools. Does anyone have an explanation for this?
       | 
       | Edit: clarified that private secondary school = private high
       | school. Of course federal student loans are available for
       | accredited private colleges/universities.
       | 
       | Not sure the reliability of this source but the trend is there
       | across sources: [0] https://educationdata.org/average-cost-of-
       | private-school
        
         | zactato wrote:
         | When I was in school the loans were called stafford loans:
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stafford_Loan
         | 
         | I guess they've since changed to
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Direct_Student_Loan_Pr...
         | 
         | They are very much for private schools. There's no real limit
         | on them. They tend to cover the difference between what a
         | family can pay and what the tuition is. They're generally low
         | interest and you don't need to start paying them back until
         | you're done with school.
         | 
         | Since the loans always cover the difference the impact of
         | tuition costs going up isn't immediately felt
        
           | dpierce9 wrote:
           | These are for college, not high school.
           | 
           | Private high school costs have gone up as fast or faster than
           | college. This cannot be explained by the availability of
           | federal loans.
        
         | jackson1442 wrote:
         | There do appear to be federal loans for private schools- Baylor
         | is a private school in Texas, here's their site on loans:
         | https://www.baylor.edu/sfs/index.php?id=963417
        
           | dpierce9 wrote:
           | Baylor is not a secondary school. Secondary school = high
           | school.
        
       | malwarebytess wrote:
       | It's Covid. Nobody wants to go to college on Zoom. People have
       | postponed their education because of this stupid boomer shit so
       | expect a boom when restrictions end.
        
       | ctime wrote:
       | "I never let my schooling interfere with my education." -Mark
       | Twain
       | 
       | My biggest gripe is the astronomical cost and debt burden that
       | has vastly outpaced inflation. The university system in the U.S.
       | has been taken hostage by greedy interests that push all kinds of
       | bullshit costs on to students and have lost sight of exactly why
       | the university exists in the first place - to educate. Not to
       | house, not to entertain, not to keep fit, but to educate those
       | that want to learn. If universities would stop with the non-sense
       | "campus life" and focus more on a their core mission (like
       | universities in Germany, for example) they might not have ended
       | up in this predictable mess.
       | 
       | This level of enrollment decline only means one thing for
       | universities: Layoffs and shrinking budgets. You can't squeeze
       | any more blood out of these students.
        
       | CountDrewku wrote:
       | Good. The entire college infrastructure is junk. It probably has
       | its place but no in its current iteration.
       | 
       | The onus for training needs to be put on the businesses
       | themselves. This is better for everyone including the businesses
       | themselves. Putting in training requirements and a probationary
       | period where new hires have to meet a certain threshold or be let
       | go. The individual can then decide how best to learn.
        
       | jxramos wrote:
       | We have a family member who's decided to sit this quarter out,
       | they sat last quarter out too. I'm curious how universities are
       | juggling the leaves, I know they always permitted limited leaves
       | but the must be facilitating the process to some degree I'd
       | think.
        
       | dhairya wrote:
       | This article is predicated on the assumption that immediately
       | going to college after graduating high school is important. The
       | pandemic skews the decision calculus greatly for many students
       | ranging from safety to finding short-term employment enough for
       | their current situation.
       | 
       | If college is important factor in improving economic outcomes, it
       | shouldn't matter if you go to college at 18 or take a few years
       | go at the age of 21 or even later in life. We have this stigma
       | around adults who get a college degree later in life. I've met a
       | several people who went to college as older adults (one at the
       | age of 26 and the other at the age of 30) and ended up having
       | highly lucrative careers. My mom got her masters at the age 55
       | (and rightfully lorded over my sister and I that if she get her
       | degree with straight A while holding down a job, being a mom and
       | in her 50s, then we have no excuses).
       | 
       | I believe college is valuable (though greatly overpriced in the
       | US) but you don't need to be a young adult to attend. In terms of
       | the labor effect of having fewer college graduates available for
       | the labor market, honestly most jobs don't really require a
       | college degree (including office and white collar jobs).
       | Employers tend to use college degrees as cheap filtering signal
       | instead having better hiring processes. Most entry level jobs
       | have onboarding and training where college knowledge is not a
       | perquisite for success.
        
       | fasteddie31003 wrote:
       | Might be a good think. You're not going to be overburdened by
       | debt. You don't have to spend some of your time learning
       | worthless topics. You might not meet as many women, which let's
       | face it is a big reason to go to college. At least in programming
       | you can train yourself to make well over 6 figures without any
       | formal education. You might need a mentor. If there are any high
       | school grads not going to college who are looking for a tech
       | mentor, reach out.
        
       | 999900000999 wrote:
       | Theirs a few factors.
       | 
       | First birth rates are generally down. Not only in America,but
       | worldwide.
       | 
       | >Wages at the bottom of the economy have increased dramatically,
       | making minimum-wage jobs especially appealing to young people as
       | an alternative to college.
       | 
       | This isn't an ether or situation. I worked full time while going
       | to school full time. In fact this was my entire senior year of
       | college.
       | 
       | I actually got to 6 figures without a degree, but the entire
       | point of college for me was getting away from my horrible family.
       | It's still a good way to get distance.
       | 
       | This is great news overall. Tuition will have to drop and schools
       | will offer more flexibility to working students.
       | 
       | In my home state of California the UCs are hostile to anyone with
       | a 9-5, I hope this changes.
        
       | jimmyjazz14 wrote:
       | I feel that for many people a good trade school would offer the
       | best future and as we are seeing shortages in some important
       | trade work it would be useful for society as well.
        
       | fleddr wrote:
       | Sure enough the American college system is rotten, but let's also
       | shed some light on financial literacy. We'll use "Brian" from the
       | article.
       | 
       | Brian can't be bothered to enroll into college because he's tired
       | of remote learning.
       | 
       | Yes, remote learning sucks. Doesn't mean you should stop. I'm
       | bothered by this optionality. Later in life you're going to do a
       | lot of things that suck, but have to do anyway. Further, at such
       | young age, I would expect some hawkish parent to "help out" with
       | the choice, but I guess I'm old fashioned.
       | 
       | Fine, though. Delaying enrollment whilst earning some cash in the
       | meanwhile is not the end of the world. And so Brian starts work
       | at Jimmy's sandwiches.
       | 
       | Then comes his mastermind move: he starts work at an Amazon
       | warehouse for slightly more pay, yet needs to buy a car to get
       | there. For which he takes a loan.
       | 
       | I imagine many Americans don't even blink at this, but it's
       | absolutely moronic. The very point of the break from school was
       | to earn cash. Instead of saving it up, he's now in debt for the
       | car, works a shit job, and comes short both for his "needs" and
       | for college.
       | 
       | Brian seems to have some self awareness at this point:
       | 
       | "It's so hard," he says. "I'm just like, 'Wow, if I go to school,
       | I'm going to take time off and I'm not going to have any money
       | for things I need.'"
       | 
       | Yeah, Brian, Wow indeed. Typical for American consumer culture:
       | spending above your means from the very start.
        
       | lwhi wrote:
       | Feels sensible to not go to college in a pandemic though?
        
       | rootusrootus wrote:
       | Maybe it just got too damn expensive. I make pretty good money
       | and I'm still planning carefully for how I'm going to deal with
       | it for my kids (who still have 7-9 years left before college).
       | 
       | I'm hoping that online school really takes off, and that colleges
       | follow Georgia Tech's lead on pricing for it. OSU still wants
       | full price for online classes, which is bogus.
       | 
       | Beyond that, I'm going to strongly incentivize my kids to stay
       | home the first couple years and hit the local community college
       | for the first half of their degree, just because it's
       | dramatically cheaper than what it'll cost to send them to live at
       | a university.
       | 
       | I thought college was expensive when I was going in the 90s. Now
       | it's just ridiculous.
        
         | Aperocky wrote:
         | Aren't state colleges relatively affordable (while mostly OK
         | academically)?
        
           | astura wrote:
           | I started college almost 20 years ago, so I don't know the
           | current situation. Back then the state schools had acceptance
           | rates of only 20%-30% because so many people wanted to go to
           | state schools to save money. There wasn't nearly enough
           | supply to meet demand.
           | 
           | I never applied to any public school, but I was legitimately
           | worried about not being accepted. I wouldn't depend on it.
           | 
           | I'm really glad I went to a private college in the end.
           | People who went to state schools said class sizes were huge
           | (like 150 students per class) and they were being taught by
           | TAs. I really don't think I would have succeeded in that sort
           | of environment - At my private school we didn't have any TAs
           | and I never had a class over ~30 people, which was important
           | because classes were very interactive.
        
             | lkxijlewlf wrote:
             | Florida used to (still does?) guarantee admission to state
             | college if you have a 2 year (AA) degree.
        
           | rootusrootus wrote:
           | Relatively, yes, I believe so. But Oregon State still tells
           | me to budget 30K/year for a resident undergrad. About half of
           | that is living expenses, half is school.
        
             | Aperocky wrote:
             | $15K for living expenses in a year sounds pretty alright
             | tbf. Although I did believe state school charged less for
             | tuition. I guess time changes.
        
             | greedo wrote:
             | I don't understand how we've accepted $30k/year as
             | relatively affordable...
        
               | ativzzz wrote:
               | In my undergrad, when I was living in dorms, it also came
               | with a meal plan (I think ~2 meals a day covered). So for
               | in state, 10-15k was tuition. The rest was rent + meals.
               | So 15k / 12 = $1250 a month, which is not cheap, but
               | considering it includes food is really not bad at all.
        
               | greedo wrote:
               | But you can't divide it by 12 since school is only in
               | session for roughly 9 months. During summer session
               | you're on your own for food and housing. That makes it
               | more like $1666/month. That's nuts.
        
               | darkstar999 wrote:
               | That's residence pricing, so:
               | 
               | $1250 a month housing
               | 
               | $1250 a month on education and staff
               | 
               | The numbers aren't crazy with the housing prices we're
               | experiencing right now.
        
               | lkxijlewlf wrote:
               | Well, your house's value went up 30% the past two years,
               | so you can now take out a larger loan against it...
               | 
               | /sarcasm (in case it wasn't obvious).
        
             | _fat_santa wrote:
             | The dynamics of this play out different on various campuses
             | but at my alma mater we had a bunch of "right off campus"
             | apartments that competed heavily with the dorms. Well, it
             | wasn't much of a competition, if you calculated your
             | monthly rent based on what you paid for room and board, you
             | got about $700/mo to live in a dorm with 3 others.
             | 
             | By comparison you could go off campus and rent an entire
             | 1bd for like $750/mo. A similar living situation off campus
             | with 3 roommates would set you back $300-400/mo and $550 if
             | you really wanted the nice place.
             | 
             | The thing that always bugged me about dorms is they aren't
             | treated as regular residences. School having a week long
             | break? You have to be out of your dorm during the break
             | with no where to go but back to your parents. Also that 30k
             | for a year only covers two semesters, about 6-7 months of
             | actual housing, which works out to $2.5k/mo for board if we
             | take half of that 30k you mentioned.
             | 
             | I don't know where this college is but I'm going to bet
             | that you can get a seriously nice place, probably a small
             | house for that amount.
        
             | Der_Einzige wrote:
             | WTF. My wife did the online OSU program and all we pay is
             | in-state tuition (even if out of state!). She's an
             | international student too!
             | 
             | You will not be paying 30K a year for OSU e-campus. More
             | like 10-15K a year or so.
        
               | bart_spoon wrote:
               | Well they said they were told to budget 30K a year, half
               | for school expenses, and half for living expenses, so it
               | sounds like their experience isn't contradictory with
               | yours.
        
               | thehappypm wrote:
               | Living expenses for online?
        
               | bart_spoon wrote:
               | I'm losing the thread of this conversation. The original
               | poster said that OSU costs around $30K per year, with
               | $15K for tuition and school fees and $15K for living
               | expenses. The person who replied said their wife only
               | paid about $15K per year for online courses, which is in
               | line with the above mentioned costs.
        
               | Cerium wrote:
               | Despite an online education, the student must still
               | remain living somewhere. $1200/month seems a reasonable
               | estimate for a college life.
        
               | bradlys wrote:
               | Yes and OSU is in a relatively rural and affordable part
               | of Oregon. So even with the insane housing market
               | explosion - $1200/month is _probably_ doable for a bare
               | minimum type of living situation for a student. It'll be
               | just enough if the student has no emergencies. $600
               | /month rent for a room. $400/month for food. $200 for
               | misc.
               | 
               | If this was not a college town or somewhere as rural -
               | you'd likely have to make it closer to $2000+ just
               | because that's how expensive it is these days to live in
               | cities unless you were able to buy a house a couple
               | decades ago.
        
               | rootusrootus wrote:
               | > You will not be paying 30K a year for OSU e-campus.
               | More like 10-15K a year or so.
               | 
               | Yeah, last time I looked it is the same tuition as if you
               | were using the in-person facilities. I think that's too
               | much for an online program. I paid less than $10K for my
               | master's degree at Georgia Tech. That works out to about
               | a third of what OSU is charging for the online undergrad
               | CS degree, if my math is right. For online videos
               | recorded once and watched many times, I think it should
               | not cost anywhere close to what sitting in a room with a
               | professor does.
        
               | Der_Einzige wrote:
               | This is because the degree granted does not mention if it
               | was earned online or not (and this is why we choose OSU).
               | It gives literally the same degree as if you earned it in
               | person.
        
         | gorbachev wrote:
         | I'm keeping my fingers crossed for scholarships.
        
       | abeppu wrote:
       | The bizarre thing with higher education costs that no one's
       | really explained to me is why schools simultaneously spend more
       | and more on administrators (who are full time staff), and push
       | more and more teaching to adjuncts. The claim I've heard
       | justifying the growth of administration staff is that regulatory
       | compliance becomes more onerous over time. But no school is
       | judged on their regulatory compliance. In industry, we often want
       | to make sure that the core value is staff, and stuff that you
       | have to do but won't distinguish you, you may as well contract
       | out. So why aren't administrative compliance obligations
       | contracted out to some overseas firm?
       | 
       | We've gotten to the point where it would actually be cheaper for
       | students to hire their own adjunct to each them 1:1, than to go
       | to some universities.
       | 
       | Updating with numbers:
       | 
       | - USC tuition is >$60k/yr
       | 
       | - Adjunct professors in CA apparently earn $34-$43k/yr
       | 
       | https://admission.usc.edu/learn/cost-financial-aid/
       | 
       | https://www.salary.com/research/salary/recruiting/adjunct-pr...
        
         | skrbjc wrote:
         | It's interesting because universities over-produce academics
         | for the number of tenure-track jobs available, so they then
         | hire those phds back into adjunct positions, which is often the
         | only academic job available to them, especially if they don't
         | want to move across the country to some small college in the
         | middle of nowhere. So many phds just suck it up and take the
         | adjunct jobs teaching undergrads. Actual professors at research
         | universities aren't really even doing teaching as their primary
         | job. Their primary job is to do research and publish, which is
         | how they progress in their career. But universities need people
         | to teach so they hire adjuncts to teach undergrads, especially
         | the entry level courses.
         | 
         | In regards to admin costs, just look at UC Berkeley, they now
         | have a $25 million dollar diversity department that hires
         | nearly a hundred staff, all making over $50k and getting access
         | to the pension system. Lots of people will say departments like
         | this are a good thing, but there's no question these
         | departments cost a lot of money and inflate administrative
         | costs. Berkeley has 1 staff member for every 2 students at this
         | point.
         | 
         | Look at this: " Establishment of a Supplier Diversity Program
         | at an institution is required when an organization is receiving
         | federal funding for contracts or subcontracts as dictated by
         | the Federal Acquisition Regulations (FARS). The delegation of
         | authority to manage the program is issued through the Office of
         | the President (UCOP) policy." Talk about regulation causing
         | bloat, to take federal contracts you need to establish an
         | office that tracks and reports the diversity of your
         | contractors. No wonder costs have skyrocketed.
         | 
         | https://supplychain.berkeley.edu/supplier-diversity-faqs
        
           | abeppu wrote:
           | But, isn't there a huge gap between:
           | 
           | A) tracking and reporting the diversity of your contractors
           | (which I think a techie might accomplish with a google form
           | and a spreadsheet),
           | 
           | B) "establish an office" that performs A,
           | 
           | C) a "$25 million dollar diversity department that hires
           | nearly a hundred staff"?
        
         | mabub24 wrote:
         | A lot of universities are openly hostile to tenured professors,
         | unless those professors are gigantic names in the field they
         | can use for marketing. Many Universities would be a-okay with
         | ditching tenure all together.
         | 
         | The reality is many universities have gotten out of the game of
         | offering quality education. They still offer education, but
         | they are largely indifferent to the quality of the education,
         | so adjuncts will do just as well as any professor.
         | 
         | Instead, universities have spent enormous money and effort to
         | protect and emphasize the college/university "experience." Thus
         | you get an enormous amount of handholding and bureaucratization
         | in higher-ed because they're functioning like giant weird
         | resorts with health services, legal services, financial
         | services, extra curricular services, and a whole lot of other
         | crap with education as only the implied "reason" the students
         | are there.
         | 
         | > But no school is judged on their regulatory compliance.
         | 
         | To a certain degree this is untrue. Student complaints and/or
         | payee (parent) complaints for things like Title IX violations,
         | as one example, mean a potential loss in federal/state funding
         | and negative press. So institutions seek to bureaucratize the
         | whole process from the tip of the root to the highest leaf.
         | Higher-ed in the US has become a kind of ride into adulthood.
        
       | granzymes wrote:
       | Down 6.6% from Fall 2019.
       | 
       | This is likely some combination of Covid making college
       | temporarily less attractive (the social connections are just as
       | important as the education) and lower-income students who have
       | families that need them during the pandemic (community college
       | enrollment dropped by a higher 13%).
       | 
       | I would expect enrollment (at least at 4-year universities) to
       | fully recover once the pandemic is well and truly over.
        
       | irrational wrote:
       | 50 years? Weren't the baby boomers still in college 50 years ago?
       | Is this just natural from fewer babies being born in the early
       | 2000s?
        
       | ryanmarsh wrote:
       | My oldest daughter is in pre-nursing and is applying to nursing
       | school at her university for next year. I know of no other way to
       | get into nursing but though a typical university. Thankfully the
       | state of Texas is paying for her education due to the Hazelwood
       | Act.
       | 
       | My middle daughter wants to study art (she is an artist and sees
       | a future in it for herself). My benefits will expire by the time
       | she applies to college. So she's not likely to end up at a four
       | year university.
       | 
       | I have a hunch my youngest daughter may want to study computer
       | science. Unless the cost of school changes I may put together a
       | program for her myself mixed with online schools and traditional
       | CS resources.
        
       | Damogran6 wrote:
       | I have two boys in post-secondary education (it would be SO much
       | easier to say 'college', but one is in a community college and
       | the other is in a Technical school)
       | 
       | During a parent/student College night, the perky 20-something
       | group of presenters did a GREAT job of showing the schools, the
       | perks, the ways to knock a little off the top (every student gets
       | a scholarship! every student gets in-state tuition!)
       | 
       | They didn't count on me being good at math, and my reluctance to
       | add nearly $600k in family debt over 4 years...that's double my
       | mortgage, and I have 30 years to pay that off.
       | 
       | I decided as the patriarch that our family didn't need to prop up
       | a broken system. I'm hopeful that I'm not scuttling my children's
       | chances by doing so.
       | 
       | So I'm footing half the bill, and the boys are acquiring $20k or
       | so a piece in student loans. I'm hoping that's enough for them to
       | get their first job, because in my experience, that's the last
       | time the sheepskin had any impact on my career.
        
       | mproud wrote:
       | Don't get me wrong, parents and guidance counselors should be
       | looking out for kids, but I agree, colleges are mostly to blame.
        
       | jack_pp wrote:
       | A big reason for going to college is socializing so.. makes no
       | sense to go now.
        
         | tootahe45 wrote:
         | I believe the socializing/networking thing is over-sold unless
         | you go to a top-tier uni where students may be from wealthy
         | families and are therefore well socialized, or do something
         | non-cs like business studies. Everyone i studied with were
         | introverts (gamer-types). High school was way better for
         | socializing. Oh and there were like 2 females total in all of
         | my CS classes.
        
           | chrisseaton wrote:
           | > Everyone i studied with were introverts (gamer-types).
           | 
           | Trick is to find ways out of the engineering department. I
           | did Latin as an optional, and I was in a sports team where
           | nobody was an engineer. Plus presumably you aren't living in
           | an engineering-specific halls?
        
             | achenatx wrote:
             | study in the education library...
        
           | [deleted]
        
         | chrisseaton wrote:
         | Socialising, sport, arts, drama, many people meet their spouse
         | at university, yeah lots of reasons that don't apply any more.
        
           | brtkdotse wrote:
           | You can do all of those without incurring crippling debt.
        
             | chrisseaton wrote:
             | Obviously, but a university packages it up into one
             | integrated community. You can't pay to create a community.
             | Maybe that's worth it to you or maybe it isn't. I spent
             | eight years in university in total and really enjoyed it.
        
         | goodpoint wrote:
         | No no no, the decline predates covid by many years.
        
         | LanceH wrote:
         | I have a son in college. The services that his school offers
         | are greatly reduced, but the tuition continues to climb year on
         | year.
         | 
         | If his major/career had the choice of degree vs work, the
         | latter would be a really good choice right now.
        
       | gr1zzlybe4r wrote:
       | The only reason you should go to college if you're not getting a
       | pre-professional degree is to network.
       | 
       | I made the mistake of thinking that the purpose was to get what
       | is essentially a certificate stating that you went to a good
       | school and got good grades.
       | 
       | I do think it was a net positive overall, but in reality I think
       | I would've done just the same by going to school and networking,
       | partying my ass off for 4 years, and then figuring it out after.
       | 
       | If you can do those things without going to college then it's a
       | no brainer _not_ to go.
        
       | crate_barre wrote:
       | It's just embarrassing to be educated but not well employed (a
       | dignified job). The tide had to shift the other way.
        
       | mmaunder wrote:
       | Good. It's a scam. It is a horrifically inefficient knowledge
       | delivery system enabled by predatory loans, with tremendous
       | societal pressure to participate, and a tribal mentality that
       | causes former participants to pressure their kids and friends
       | into making the same mistake they did.
        
       | lordnacho wrote:
       | We have to do something about what people think college is to an
       | employer. I'm excluding courses where you specifically need the
       | degree: medicine, law, and maybe some others. Clearly you can't
       | be a doctor or lawyer who hasn't passed his exams. Also if you
       | are going to be a professor or phd naturally you will need to
       | have studied whatever it is.
       | 
       | For everyone else, all college does is shows people that you are
       | diligent: you read the books, wrote the essays, passed the
       | quizzes.
       | 
       | Now, the thing is most jobs are not directly related to any
       | particular degree. For example if you become an option trader
       | like I did, nothing on my Engineering/Econ/Mgt was relevant. Even
       | the finance parts of the management course were not relevant. You
       | learn on the job. Think about it, you are at work 50-70 hours a
       | week the whole year vs splitting your time at uni over a much
       | shorter calendar. At work you sit next to an expert, at school
       | you sit next to novices.
       | 
       | So the whole idea that college qualifies you to do something is
       | bogus. It's mainly a signal that you're teachable, and a weak
       | signal that you're interested in some particular broad area.
       | 
       | I would guess that the great majority of jobs that people with
       | degrees take could have been done by the same people without
       | their degree. You'll never get people to admit that if you aren't
       | friends with them, but that is generally what people think as
       | well.
       | 
       | Are there other benefits to college? Certainly. You get to
       | socialize, mature a bit away from home, and for most people it's
       | the last time they are exposed to the great ideas that mankind
       | has found over the centuries. Those things can all be done
       | separately without paying for it, but currently the system is
       | broken and everyone uses degrees as a social status marker, which
       | is self-reinforcing: you still need a degree because if you don't
       | have one you can't get those jobs that you don't need a degree to
       | perform.
        
         | nslice wrote:
         | A degree is just a filter. If you get 200 applications for a
         | job listing, you are going to prioritize those with relevant
         | degrees.
        
           | lordnacho wrote:
           | A huge number of jobs have no relevant degree. What's the
           | degree for being a management consultant? Or a pharma sales
           | person?
           | 
           | The number of jobs that are just "general business role" is
           | enormous.
        
             | stocknoob wrote:
             | A college degree is a filter that someone is reasonably
             | diligent, socialized to some level, and compliant enough to
             | play the game. Most employers don't want some self-taught
             | "I learned the same stuff for $1.50 in late charges at the
             | library" type. If only 1/3 of people attend college, and
             | 1/3 have a high GPA, employers get a filter for the top 11%
             | of compliance & diligence without much effort.
        
         | ls15 wrote:
         | > Are there other benefits to college?
         | 
         | I think I learned a thing or two at university.
        
       | randomsilence wrote:
       | Why does the market not work for colleges?
       | 
       | There are plenty of adjunct professors who don't earn much. Why
       | don't they join forces and create their own university?
       | 
       | If they focus on education and limit spending on administration
       | and sports, they could offer high quality, affordable education.
        
         | lapsedacademic wrote:
         | Three things:
         | 
         | 1. There actually _aren 't_ many low-paid adjuncts in hot
         | fields. The CS and Eng departments subsidize the Math
         | department, and STEM+finance+premed+nursing subsidizes all of
         | the humanities. A philosophy adjunct is probably doing way
         | better ad juncting than they would off on their own. And the
         | instructional staff in the in-demand fields are generally well-
         | paid.
         | 
         | 2. The low paid (and usually not _that_ low paid) adjuncts
         | within in-demand departments are generally there as a
         | retirement gig... if they wanted a stressful empire building
         | type of job, they 'd go into industry.
         | 
         | 3. Runway. Adjuncts who aren't semi-retired have no access to
         | capital and here's a really long lead time until an institution
         | is regionally accredited. You can't take a dime of federal
         | grant money, GI bill money, private scholarship money, student
         | loan money, etc. until you're accredited.
        
       | godmode2019 wrote:
       | I don't see this as a problem. We certainly have a case of elite
       | over production in the west. Where people study liberal arts and
       | except a high paying job, and any job that they get will not ever
       | pay the off the loan.
       | 
       | Obama explains it the best. (Ignore the right wing title its a
       | good video of him on his first visit to Kenya)
       | 
       | https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=fItxli7-uU0
       | 
       | Starts at 15:13
        
       | blululu wrote:
       | It's easy to say that the crippling cost of higher education is
       | behind this drop. And while college admins are slowly turning the
       | screw on American students, this is more of a gradual process.
       | The immediate drop here is from foreign students deciding to stay
       | closer to home as a result of the pandemic, visa restrictions and
       | a drop in value of actually getting to experience the culture:
       | https://www.usnews.com/education/best-colleges/articles/decl...
        
       | mmmmkay wrote:
       | because it's a joke lol
        
       | mensetmanusman wrote:
       | I hope this catches on: https://www.wsj.com/articles/instead-of-
       | tuition-students-giv...
       | 
       | If we can align the incentives of colleges and students to find
       | jobs, it will also be a win for the economy. Let students bargain
       | with their future earning potential, if they don't make anything,
       | the school doesn't make anything.
        
         | Afforess wrote:
         | Here's my counter: what if, instead of taxing students after
         | their graduation, we taxed all adults income, then used the tax
         | proceeds to make university tuition cost-free. The advantage
         | would be that more students would attend, we'd have a more
         | educated society, and alumni would not be worried about having
         | to take the best paying job instead of one that they desire.
         | 
         | It's win-win-win, taxpayers get free access to universities for
         | themselves and their children, students avoid debt or garnished
         | wages in the future, and universities get government support
         | and can shut down complicated administrative overhead for
         | helping students navigate financing.
         | 
         | Now I know your thinking - does it scale? Yes! We have data
         | from secondary and primary schools with the same cohort of
         | students, who attend school for no cost. Attendance and
         | graduation of these schools is closely correlated with life
         | outcomes and success! We could apply this existing financing
         | model to universities and solve the problem of tuition fees
         | with by reusing the ideas from other tuition-free primary and
         | secondary schools.
         | 
         | Prob a bit long for an elevator pitch, but hey.
        
           | leetcrew wrote:
           | the linked article describes a percentage-based income
           | sharing scheme. the student isn't necessarily incentivized to
           | get a higher paying job than they would otherwise. the school
           | definitely _is_ incentivized to guide students into more
           | lucrative jobs, but that 's probably a good thing for the
           | median student.
           | 
           | as for the free college idea, this seems like a solution for
           | the wrong problem. I'd argue a large chunk of students are
           | already wasting their time getting a credential that
           | shouldn't be necessary for the work they plan to do. I'm not
           | convinced it's automatically good for more people to graduate
           | college. four years is a long time to spend doing something
           | without a clear, concrete reason to do so.
        
         | baby-yoda wrote:
         | skin in the game exposes what outcome a particular party is
         | truly interested in. schools will avoid this like the plague,
         | IMO.
        
       | w-m wrote:
       | For some perspective, in Germany we've seen rising number of
       | university students since 2007: 1.94M students in 2007, 2.94M in
       | 2020. From 2020 to 2021, numbers have stagnated (+0.1%).
       | 
       | There's few private colleges (mostly international business
       | schools I guess?), a large majority of students goes to the
       | public universities. The eduction is free, but you pay a few
       | hundred Euros per semester in administrative charges, which
       | usually includes a ticket for city or state public transport.
       | 
       | You can get a loan from the state (BAfoG) to cover living
       | expenses, which you will pay back after finishing, when you have
       | a job (well of course things are more complicated, but that's the
       | gist). The maximum amount you have to pay back is 10.000 Euros,
       | even if the size of the loan was larger.
        
       | adolph wrote:
       | From the source [0]: _Higher education enrollment fell a further
       | 2.7 percent in the fall of 2021 following a 2.5 percent drop in
       | the preceding fall. Continued enrollment losses in the pandemic
       | represent a total two-year decline of 5.1 percent or 938,000
       | students since fall 2019._
       | 
       | In the linked PDF, they note they don't have complete data on
       | international students. "In recent years, IPEDS enrollments in
       | the nonresident alien category have accounted for nearly five
       | percent of all IPEDS enrollments."                  Fall 2017
       | Fall 2018 Fall 2019 Fall 2020 Fall 2021       All Sectors -1.0%
       | -1.7% -1.3% -2.5% -2.7%       Public 2-year -1.7% -3.2% -1.4%
       | -10.1% -3.4%       Public 4-year -0.2% 0.0% -1.2% 0.2% -3.0%
       | Private nonprofit 4-year -0.4% 2.4% -0.6% -0.1% -1.6%
       | Private for-profit 4-year -7.1% -15.1% -2.1% 5.3% -9.3%
       | 
       | https://nscresearchcenter.org/current-term-enrollment-estima...
        
       | noasaservice wrote:
       | 1. School loans are not dismissable in bankruptcy. This is only
       | shared with criminal monetary punishments.
       | 
       | 2. Interest is charged, which is abhorrent at any rate.
       | Especially the 8%.
       | 
       | 3. PPP "loans" to the tune of almost 1t$.. which were forgiven.
       | Just run a few sham job ads for software engineers at 10$/hr and
       | NobOdy wAnTS tO wOrk!
       | 
       | 4. University doesn't really provide job skills. They allude to,
       | but then say they dont.
       | 
       | 5. Jobs say they need a degree, but that's primarily due to
       | https://www.naacpldf.org/case-issue/griggs-v-duke-power-co/ and
       | easier to exclude black people with a 'degree'.
       | 
       | 6. Most programs do NOT need expensive schools, labs, etc. Non-
       | lab based classes can easily get by online.
       | 
       | 7. School costs are stupid, because "Its what the market will
       | bear"
       | 
       | 8. Even public higher ed schools are stupid priced, because the
       | public aspect has been surely ripped away from them.
       | 
       | 9. Even if you DO go, you're guaranteed only one thing:
       | undismissable debt. I failed out due to medical reasons. I have
       | the debt, and no degree to show for it.
       | 
       | As a millenial, higher ed is a bad bargain. And if you're
       | younger, DO NOT LET HIGH SCHOOL threaten you with "if you dont go
       | to school you will work as a grocery bagger for the rest of your
       | life". Teach yourself IT. Get into an area, double down, learn it
       | inside and out. Find a few hot tech areas. Learn them well. And
       | off you go.
        
         | endisneigh wrote:
         | I love how the solution is always to do tech. What about the
         | other things?
        
           | renewiltord wrote:
           | Well, the other things are likely not worth it. You can tell
           | because they try to hide outcomes from prospective students.
           | The things that will yield good outcome for an individual all
           | lead with the outcome. The things that don't always lead with
           | some sort of identity-nonsense: "You will be a well-rounded
           | individual" but don't actually show the median example of
           | this well-rounded individual post-degree.
        
             | endisneigh wrote:
             | Really? Tech is the only career that's likely worth it?
        
           | noasaservice wrote:
           | CS and IT have very low barriers of entry.
           | 
           | Hardware is cheap, especially if going back a gen or 2.
           | Software is free if open source'ing it. Piracy is also cheap
           | too. Books and resources are plentiful, and predominantly
           | cost time to experiment and do. And you can get hold of the
           | developers pretty easy in open source, or dev with them.
           | 
           | Science has costy expensive lab equipment, knowledge is less
           | shared and more guarded for their guild, people are harder to
           | get to.
           | 
           | Engineering, depending on discipline, isn't even legal to
           | teach yourself (professional engineer). Or it requires more
           | expensive lab equipment in the ranges of 10's of thousands
           | (think good oscilloscope, signal generator, rf anything).
           | It's possible but really hard.
           | 
           | Math is possibly just as 'easy' as CS/IT. However, it's a
           | super elite group. They have their own in-language that's
           | near impenetrable for outsiders. And the people who excel are
           | not at all easy to get in contact with.
           | 
           | Outside of STEM, there's other possible avenues. But given
           | that Marx said that a capitalist society trends towards
           | money-making activities in mathematics, science, and
           | technology (STEM), the other avenues are probabilistically a
           | bad bet. And yea, that sucks. But we also like to have enough
           | money to live and enjoy life.
        
       | chiefalchemist wrote:
       | One month it's "too much student debt...blah, blah, blah" the
       | next month it's "a significant number of student-aged people are
       | no longer willing invest in something that results in too much
       | debt and not enough return."
       | 
       | It can't be both ways. Unless of course you're the Higher Edu
       | Industrial Complex and you know NPR and their ilk have no memory
       | and no integrity.
       | 
       | Yes, there's some concern. There always is. But that doesn't make
       | shamelessly crafting two opposing narratives.
        
       | thecatster wrote:
       | Might be in general, but for Ivy League and higher schools,
       | they've seen record application numbers. I got denied from MIT
       | and was told that they won't even refer due to the enormous
       | amounts of applicants.
        
       | Goosee wrote:
       | Here is a solution that avoids the 'noise' university
       | environments create.
       | 
       | Ideally: 1. Attend an in-state university. 2. Look at your
       | school's graduation report, which surveys students by major on
       | their starting salary 3. Choose a program with a high starting
       | salary 4. Take all general education classes online at a
       | community college, starting the summer after high school
       | graduation
       | 
       | This is the most probable way to achieve a high roi on college,
       | for an average american.
        
       | joshstrange wrote:
       | I believe strongly in education but most colleges are just money
       | grabs. They charge ridiculously high rates that most people will
       | take decades to pay off if ever. It's quite disgusting how we
       | trick 17-19 year olds into taking on huge amounts of debt before
       | they really have any idea what they are getting themselves into.
       | 
       | On top of that, for certain professions, what is taught in
       | colleges is an absolute joke. Computer science at my college had
       | zero connection to what happens in the real world and I'm being
       | completely honest when I tell you I can't think of a single thing
       | I learned in college that I use in the real world. Even some of
       | the more advanced types/concepts would be better taught in a ~1hr
       | tutorial or video than how it was taught in my college.
       | 
       | I'm all for giving people a broad education (I think I liked my
       | non-technical/math/science classes more than the ones pertaining
       | to the major I was working towards) and I think college should do
       | a better job preparing people for the "real world" (budgeting,
       | meal planning, conflict resolution, etc - So should high
       | schools).
       | 
       | I dropped out my junior year after being frustrated at feeling
       | like I was wasting my time in classes that didn't prepare me. It
       | was one the best decision I've ever made. I still got saddled
       | with 3 years of debt but better than 4 and having no advantage at
       | the end of it. I've never had an issue finding a job over the
       | past decade+ and I'm making very good money (more than people I
       | know who did graduate).
       | 
       | We need massive college reform in this country.
        
       | goalieca wrote:
       | I feel sad for those doing a fully remote learning experience.
        
       | disambiguation wrote:
       | Less than 3k kids under the age of 24 have died from covid since
       | the start of the pandemic [0] yet they have some how wound up
       | with the harshest restrictions.
       | 
       | These kids will never get these years back. What a disgrace.
       | 
       | [0] https://data.cdc.gov/NCHS/Provisional-COVID-19-Deaths-by-
       | Sex...
        
         | inanutshellus wrote:
         | "I'm young and healthy, I should be allowed to spread a new
         | virus to the entire planet. The health of my society is not my
         | responsibility. What a disgrace."
        
           | bopbeepboop wrote:
           | You're missing two key points:
           | 
           | 1. COVID was always going to become endemic to humans.
           | 
           | 2. Young people are part of society -- and you're blatantly
           | disregarding harm to them in your appeal to the "health of my
           | society".
        
             | Graffur wrote:
             | Your first point makes no sense. The logic follows that we
             | should have let the original and more deadly variants rip
             | through society?
             | 
             | Young people are part of society so they are obligated to
             | protect it.
        
               | ars wrote:
               | > The logic follows that we should have let the original
               | and more deadly variants rip through society?
               | 
               | I participate in two communities - one that completely
               | ignores COVID (except for a couple months at the very
               | very beginning). They don't test, they don't care if
               | someone is positive. Lots of people are vaccinated, but
               | lots aren't (they all had COVID, they can't think of any
               | reason to get vaccinated since they already are immnune).
               | 
               | And another one that is freaked out about COVID, mask
               | wearing, vaccine or you are excluded from everything,
               | social distancing, keep everything closed.
               | 
               | Somehow the longterm death rate is the same in both -
               | except for those first few months. But the mental health
               | in the open community is far better.
               | 
               | It's over. COVID is over. It's time to stop closing
               | everything. Take the vaccine (or don't if that's the risk
               | you chose to take), and stop this meaningless theater.
        
               | Graffur wrote:
               | I don't care about your two communities to be honest
        
               | dqv wrote:
               | Anecdotes are useless. And my experience has been the
               | opposite of yours. Nil deaths, one infection, same mental
               | health for the cares-about-COVID community. The community
               | that doesn't has had 3 deaths, dozens of infections, and
               | worsened mental health from the deaths of loved ones.
               | 
               | So why am I supposed to give more of a shit about your
               | anecdote than my experience again?
               | 
               | >It's over. COVID is over. It's time to stop closing
               | everything.
               | 
               | Uh we know. We're talking about what happened in the
               | past. Everyone has been using past tense verbs.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | bart_spoon wrote:
               | The only reason we locked down initially was to "flatten
               | the curve". This doesn't mean eliminate the virus, it
               | meant slow it down long enough for the hospital system
               | and government agencies to catch up in preparation. But
               | even then, it was understood that this virus was going to
               | be endemic and that elimination was never a possibility.
               | 
               | > Young people are part of society so they are obligated
               | to protect it.
               | 
               | The point is that the part of society being protected is
               | largely confined to older parts of the population, while
               | much of the costs of doing so are disproportionately
               | coming down on younger people. It's easy to say "do your
               | part to protect society", but when the part of society
               | being protected is the mental, social, and emotional
               | development and well being of young people, as well as
               | technical skills and future job prospects, older people
               | seemingly have no problem casting it aside for what
               | benefits them the most.
        
               | Graffur wrote:
               | You're not the same person I was replying too or is it an
               | alt account?
               | 
               | Either way, I didn't say anything about eliminating the
               | virus. Hospital systems are still at risk of being
               | overwhelmed... that's why restrictions are still in
               | place.
               | 
               | You're acting like younger people are the only people
               | affected by the restrictions.
        
             | dqv wrote:
             | You talk about young people as if in their own world able
             | to act autonomously away from the rest of society. Young
             | people have parents. And they frequently rely on them into
             | their mid-twenties. Many young people _lost_ one or both of
             | their parents from this (and other people they loved
             | dearly). As has been repeated elsewhere, dying isn't the
             | only thing their parents and loved ones have to worry about
             | having had COVID. The purpose of the lockdowns was to try
             | to prevent this.
             | 
             | And so I can ask the same question, why are you
             | disregarding the harm done to them (them being the young
             | people)?
        
               | kd913 wrote:
               | We have vaccines now, we aren't in the same situation as
               | the beginning of the pandemic.
               | 
               | The purpose of the lockdown wasn't to prevent deaths, it
               | was to prevent the hospital systems collapsing.
        
               | dqv wrote:
               | >wasn't to prevent deaths
               | 
               | >it was to prevent the hospital systems collapsing
               | 
               | Can you _please_ apply this logic a little further as to
               | what would occur if the hospital systems collapsed? Do
               | you want me to spell it out for you?
        
               | kd913 wrote:
               | Yea, it would have caused more deaths from lack of
               | treatment from additional surgeries, heart attacks and
               | cancers which would have been left untreated. It would
               | have put an absolutely devastating consequence on social
               | care that would have a long lasting impact.
               | 
               | It would have also prevented scaling of health systems
               | due to a distinct and dramatic shortage in staffing and
               | long term backlog.
               | 
               | The decision above was purely economic. You would have to
               | be really stupid to think the people in charge would shut
               | down trillion dollar industries because the parents of
               | some children died.
               | 
               | None of that is what could be derived or implied from
               | your statement you condescending prick. If that is what
               | you were implying, maybe you should get a better grasp of
               | English so that your point could come across clearer.
        
               | dqv wrote:
               | I apologize for adding unnecessary flame to the
               | conversation. I shouldn't have responded the way I did
               | and should have instead clarified my position. I'm a
               | little tired of reading COVID anecdotes and brought that
               | into my response to you. That's on me.
               | 
               | >The decision above was purely economic.
               | 
               | I think it's hyperbolic to say that it was purely
               | economic. Everything we do has some connection to the
               | economy. Everyone in this thread, including myself, is
               | basically making an economic argument facaded by an
               | emotional one. But to say it's purely economic forgets
               | the connection we have with people and the reason why we
               | want the hospitals to be open for people who need care. A
               | real sort of "collapse" happened for some rural family
               | members. They don't have a hospital for their whole
               | county and have to rely on another county's hospital.
               | After they ran out of beds, the people in that town just
               | had to wait and hope whatever ailment they had could be
               | resolved elsewhere.
               | 
               | Back to the economy, obviously bad mental health has long
               | lasting effects and that has secondary effects on the
               | economy. I'm not so sure the alternative, the one where
               | everything is kept open, would have worked. The
               | "hospitals will collapse" scare tactic was only one
               | aspect of what would have been a much larger collapse.
               | Not just economic, but societal.
               | 
               | >You would have to be really stupid to think the people
               | in charge would shut down trillion dollar industries
               | because the parents of some children died.
               | 
               | You mean the hospitals? With a health system collapse,
               | they just wouldn't be able to handle a lot of cases like
               | you said. It wouldn't shut down in the sense that it
               | would be 100% ineffective, just that
        
           | disambiguation wrote:
           | In other news, "Children are Infrequently Identified as the
           | Index Case of Household SARS-CoV-2 Clusters"
           | 
           | https://academic.oup.com/cid/article/72/12/e1146/6024998
           | 
           | > In analysis of the cluster index cases ... only 3.8% were
           | identified as having a pediatric index case.
           | 
           | > These pediatric cases only caused 4.0% of all secondary
           | cases, compared with the 97.8% of secondary cases that
           | occurred when an adult was identified as the index case in
           | the cluster.
           | 
           | > Clusters where the asymptomatic/symptomatic status of the
           | contact cases was not described were excluded from the
           | analysis. Even with this broader definition, 18.5% children
           | were identified as the index case in the household clusters.
        
         | treis wrote:
         | I don't think it's Covid related. The graph in the article
         | clearly shows a steady decline that pre-dated Covid. Covid may
         | have accelerated it a bit, but it's not a fundamental shift.
        
           | disambiguation wrote:
           | eye-balling from the graph: the drop in the past 2 years is
           | as much as the drop in the 4 years before that (2015-2019)
           | 
           | but yes, I agree education was in a sorry state prior to the
           | pandemic as well
        
         | epistasis wrote:
         | I'm trying to imagine some other cause of death where 3000 over
         | a couple years is regarded as acceptable. I think covid has
         | broken people's brains, because we have gone to war, spent
         | trillions, and sacrificed the lives of thousands of people in
         | the US for about that size of human loss, within recent memory.
        
           | disambiguation wrote:
           | Covid is a one time risk. Overtime the average risk of death
           | goes to zero.
           | 
           | People's brains were already broken. People are bad at
           | statistical risk.
           | 
           | People are afraid of flying despite driving be much more
           | dangerous.
           | 
           | https://www.worldlifeexpectancy.com/usa-cause-of-death-by-
           | ag...
           | 
           | https://www.cdc.gov/injury/wisqars/pdf/leading_causes_of_dea.
           | ..
           | 
           | Under the age of 24, vehicle fatalities, suicide, and
           | homicide lead in >3k deaths each year.
           | 
           | https://www.foxnews.com/us/fentanyl-overdoses-leading-
           | cause-...
           | 
           | Meanwhile, 18-45 79k have died from fentanyl overdoses in the
           | past 2 years vs. ~50k covid deaths in that time frame.
           | 
           | You don't need to imagine 3k deaths being acceptable, it's in
           | the data for all to see.
        
             | epistasis wrote:
             | Yeah, fentanyl is terrible! So are cars, and I spend most
             | of my non-family, non-work time advocating for city
             | planning that will let people who chose so to avoid cars.
             | 
             | That does not lessen the impact of 3000 deaths among people
             | who did not take on that risk.
        
               | disambiguation wrote:
               | What kind of plans do you advocate for?
               | 
               | Are any of them on the order of magnitude of measures
               | we've taken against covid?
        
               | epistasis wrote:
               | The level of car blindness in the US is at such insane
               | levels that any advocacy for living that isn't car
               | dependent is pretty much a completely radical take that
               | people reject out of hand. So political movement is often
               | limited more by what is possible rather than what the
               | right course of action is.
               | 
               | But these are not equivalent things, cars are nowhere
               | near as deadly as Covid, this pandemic is likely going to
               | cause 25 years' worth of car deaths because of a subset
               | of the population is too morally and logically weak to
               | adopt small measures.
        
         | johnebgd wrote:
         | The problem with highly infectious diseases is those who get it
         | also infect others. The professors are likely in the age
         | bracket that has a higher risk than the student.
        
           | ars wrote:
           | The Professor is guaranteed to get it. A Professor comes in
           | contact with way too many people to even have a chance of not
           | getting it.
           | 
           | You're just pretending that you can actually do something by
           | making restrictions, you actually can't.
        
             | bryanlarsen wrote:
             | China has been very successful at preventing the original
             | variants from spreading. So they provide an existence proof
             | that it is possible, at least pre-Omicron.
             | 
             | I'd rather live with ineffective American lockdowns than
             | effective Chinese ones, but the Chinese example falsifies
             | your statement.
        
               | tomschlick wrote:
               | Yeah I wouldn't believe anything related to the virus
               | coming from China, especially numbers that make the CCP
               | look good. They have too much of an incentive to lie,
               | even more so that its finally not taboo to believe that
               | the Wuhan lab was responsible for the outbreak.
        
               | The_rationalist wrote:
               | Stop the cringe, China does not live outside of the
               | World. Plenty of occidental people live in China and they
               | would report if any member of their entourage was getting
               | covid.
               | 
               | Also it's proven at this point that covid came from bats.
        
               | bryanlarsen wrote:
               | So take your information from reports that make the CCP
               | look bad, like the extreme measures taken when an
               | outbreak is detected.
        
         | ChicagoDave wrote:
         | Like that number isn't horrendous in and of itself, but let's
         | not forget that many young adults that have had Covid likely
         | gave it to someone vulnerable as well.
         | 
         | It's not just who dies directly from Covid. It's also the
         | spread of it to vulnerable populations.
         | 
         | It boggles the mind that this still has to be repeated. How
         | many 22 year olds coming back from spring break will kill one
         | of their parents or grandparents?
        
           | ars wrote:
           | That's what the vaccine is for.
           | 
           | And if you're really concerned about spring break, then add
           | all these restrictions 2 weeks before spring break.
        
             | ChicagoDave wrote:
             | Do you not understand "vulnerable population"?
             | 
             | There are actually people that the vaccines won't help.
             | They are immunocompromised. They can only be protected by
             | high vaccination rates and zero exposure to Covid.
        
               | bart_spoon wrote:
               | Yes, but those people will never stop being vulnerable.
               | Covid is never going away, period. Anyone saying
               | otherwise has been living in a fantasy for nearly 2 years
               | at this point. So completely distorting society to ensure
               | zero Covid exposure has not only proven itself to be
               | relatively ineffective, but it would be required to be
               | done forever.
               | 
               | The situation will be no different in a year or 5 years
               | than it is from now, so continuing to argue for societal
               | shutdown is completely untenable.
        
               | ars wrote:
               | So your plan is to harm millions in order to protect
               | tens?
               | 
               | People who are immunocompromised have a tough life, but
               | we can't shut down the world for them. COVID is here to
               | stay. Forever. You can't shut the world down forever.
        
           | kd913 wrote:
           | I can understand your opinion to a perspective, but I feel
           | the position has changed dramatically. At this point,
           | vaccines are available.
           | 
           | There is almost no feasibility in eliminating COVID at this
           | point in time. It will mutate, and hence we need to be
           | talking about the possibility of 'living with the disease'.
           | 
           | As such, how much damage are we doing damaging the education,
           | and critical periods for these youths?
           | 
           | If the problem is protecting the parents and grandparents,
           | why not do that, and isolate them rather than permanently
           | damaging the youth.
        
         | Bhilai wrote:
         | I dont disagree with the sentiment on lost years but I think
         | its very easy to say that in retrospect. At beginning of 2020,
         | no one knew how severe the pandemic is going to be. We did not
         | have a vaccine and we did not know which age groups are going
         | to be most vulnerable.
        
           | disambiguation wrote:
           | I think that's a fair point.
        
         | bopbeepboop wrote:
        
         | syki wrote:
         | In my college system I'm responsible for cleaning my classroom
         | after each use. If I forget to do this and a student gets sick
         | then I'm personally liable. I'm not paid enough to clean
         | classrooms and teach and I'm not taking on the liability. Thus,
         | I haven't taught in the classroom for the last 2 years.
        
           | modernpink wrote:
           | That is outrageous if true. An airborne virus is best treated
           | with ventilation (i.e. opening windows). Surface transmission
           | almost never happens [1]. The irony of course being that
           | having a cleaner go in and out of rooms poses much greater
           | risk of spread.
           | 
           | [1] COVID-19 rarely spreads through surfaces. So why are we
           | still deep cleaning?
           | https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-021-00251-4
        
             | isoskeles wrote:
             | I went to the hospital two days ago. Plenty of COVID
             | warnings were posted all over the place. One was a sign,
             | last updated in February of 2020, that suggested you leave
             | if you've been in contact with anyone who recently
             | travelled to China, Korea, Iran, or Italy.
        
             | treis wrote:
             | >That is outrageous if true
             | 
             | It's not true.
        
               | syki wrote:
               | Consider that some colleges asked students to sign
               | liability waivers to go back to the classroom. I don't
               | have the memorandum the chancellor sent to us at the
               | beginning of the pandemic so I can't prove that my
               | statement is truthful but it does appear plausible given
               | that some colleges asked students to sign waivers.
               | 
               | I don't know if the rules that my system put in place at
               | the beginning of the pandemic are still in force. They
               | may have put that rule in place just to make sure we all
               | went online when this mess first started. I just know I'm
               | not going back to the classroom until most of my
               | colleagues do too. My college is still almost entirely
               | online.
               | 
               | EDIT: Chancellor's memorandum was about cleaning
               | protocols. The union advised us on liability issues and
               | said that we could be liable for sicknesses if we fail to
               | follow the protocol. My union membership includes a $1
               | million liability coverage for the classroom. They might
               | have brought up this as a way of saying that our
               | classroom insurance does not cover this possibility.
               | 
               | https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2020/08/03/students-
               | aske...
        
               | treis wrote:
               | And yet we are 2 years into the pandemic with 0
               | successful lawsuits over personal liability for poor
               | cleaning. There's just no realistic legal liability in
               | the situation described.
        
               | syki wrote:
               | I didn't claim there were any successful lawsuits. I just
               | claimed that potential liability was one of the reasons
               | I'm not teaching in the classroom.
        
               | [deleted]
        
           | disambiguation wrote:
           | that's too bad, surface transmission has been debunked for
           | almost a year now.
           | 
           | https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/more/science-
           | and-r...
           | 
           | > the relative risk of fomite transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is
           | considered low compared with direct contact, droplet
           | transmission, or airborne transmission
        
           | bart_spoon wrote:
           | How on earth could they possibly identify your lack of
           | cleaning with someone's infection? Seems like something that
           | sounds scary but the real world implications are meaningless.
        
       | davidw wrote:
       | I wonder how this compares to, say, a basket of European
       | countries, which don't suffer from some of the cost problems that
       | US universities do.
        
       | ChicagoDave wrote:
       | I have 3 college-aged kids and one nearly there. Their universal
       | concern is the cost. It has become prohibitive.
       | 
       | Colleges assumed the trend of charging $25k to $50k per year
       | would be sustainable. They were dead wrong, especially given the
       | horrendously predatory loans backed by the government and barred
       | from bankruptcy.
       | 
       | If we fix the college financial system, enrollment would likely
       | skyrocket.
        
         | PragmaticPulp wrote:
         | > Colleges assumed the trend of charging $25k to $50k per year
         | would be sustainable.
         | 
         | Barely anyone pays full tuition.
         | 
         | Look up the statistics for any of the big colleges that share
         | numbers. It's usually less than 10% of students paying full
         | tuition. Significant numbers of students pay under $10K and
         | many pay basically nothing at all.
         | 
         | It's still too expensive, but the myth that everybody is paying
         | $50K/year at these colleges needs to die. It ends up convincing
         | a lot of people who _shouldn't_ be paying that much that
         | everyone else is doing it and therefore they should too.
        
           | ljhsiung wrote:
           | Can I see your source?
           | 
           | Here's mine [1] -- at UIUC, full tuition is 35-50k depending
           | on residency. 30% get free tuition (given their family's net
           | worth <50k/gross income < 67k) and 40% got some form of a
           | loan averaging 20k.
           | 
           | Assuming very generous loans (unlikely), 30% of people paid
           | full price, or about 10,000 students (undergrad class size is
           | 30-35k). That's not trivial, but definitely off your 10%
           | claim.
           | 
           | (Here [2] it is more succinctly, and not in a large
           | picturesque landing page advertisement fashion)
           | 
           | Now some anecdata-- I paid 35k. Every college friend I knew
           | also paid full, except one, who had crazy interest rates on
           | her loan. I recognize my friend group may be a bubble, so I
           | preface this with "anecdata" and gave you some sources on my
           | own.
           | 
           | [1] https://admissions.illinois.edu/invest/financial-aid
           | 
           | [2] https://osfa.illinois.edu/other-financial-aid-options/
        
         | lvl100 wrote:
         | I am convinced college is more or less priced off of
         | prestigious private high schools where the parents simply pay
         | cash. For the wealthy it is acceptable to pay 60-70K per year
         | for their kids. Clearly this represents the wealth gap in this
         | country.
        
         | bastardoperator wrote:
         | My nephew did community college (free) for two years and
         | transferred in state to the UC system which is about 14K a
         | year. He qualified for some grants/scholarships which covered
         | more than half the cost for each semester. He was able to pay
         | off his school loans in his first year out of college. School
         | costs are insane, but there are easy ways to save considerable
         | amounts of money.
        
         | Dig1t wrote:
         | Doesn't it vary pretty wildly depending on the school?
         | 
         | I also was very concerned about cost when going college, so I
         | went with the cheapest route possible and also worked a job
         | during college. I went to community college for 2 years while
         | living at my parent's house, which was very cheap, it cost
         | about $1000 per year for that. Then I transferred to a cheaper
         | in-state school, in my case it was one in the California State
         | University system (CSU) which is way cheaper though not quite
         | as well known as the UC system (UC Berkeley is part of that
         | system), which cost me about 10k per year for the final 2
         | years.
         | 
         | In all I was able to get through college with no debt and a
         | degree in Computer Science for a total cost of 22k. I think
         | there is a mindset that students should always attend the best
         | possible school that they are admitted to, but this seems
         | pretty dumb to me as they are usually expensive for big brand
         | names and in the end you receive the same degree and learn the
         | same things.
         | 
         | What I did also happened in California, I think some states
         | have even cheaper paths through college if you go with the
         | community college + in-state university route.
        
           | ahoho wrote:
           | If you go to a big name school the aid packages are usually
           | much more generous, so total cost may even be below $22k
           | (depending on your circumstances). Also, I'd push back on the
           | idea that outcomes are comparable across schools. A degree
           | from most Ivies has a measurable impact on future earnings,
           | even controlling for parental income and academic aptitude.
        
         | soheil wrote:
         | The administrative fees are outrageous. Administration staff
         | effectively getting paid from student loans just to set more
         | guidelines and procedures in place for students to follow and
         | for themselves to gain more power is perverse incentives.
         | 
         | https://www.wsj.com/articles/stop-feeding-college-bureaucrat...
        
         | sylens wrote:
         | Yes, it's quite clearly this.
         | 
         | Millennials have been out there for nearly a decade yelling on
         | social media about how ridiculous their student loans are. Kids
         | on the precipice of college have started paying attention.
         | Combine that with the restrictions for Covid, and you have a
         | lot of kids who don't think that taking on tens of thousands
         | (if not hundreds of thousands) of dollars in debt is worth it
         | for some Zoom classes.
        
           | paulpauper wrote:
           | _you have a lot of kids who don 't think that taking on tens
           | of thousands (if not hundreds of thousands) of dollars in
           | debt is worth it for some Zoom classes._
           | 
           | Yeah, but you are assuming people only go to college for its
           | educational value , ignoring that college grads tend to have
           | much higher wages and lower unemployment compared to high
           | school grads. If you look at FIRE subs for example, almost
           | everyone who attains early retirement has a degree. The
           | college wage premium is amplified by both higher wages and
           | higher returns from investments by investing said wages in
           | rapidly appreciating stocks and real estate (the post-2009
           | bull market in real estate and stocks, on an real basis,
           | exceeds even the '80s and '90s).
        
             | hn_throwaway_99 wrote:
             | > _you have a lot of kids who don 't think that taking on
             | tens of thousands (if not hundreds of thousands) of dollars
             | in debt is worth it for some Zoom classes._
             | 
             | > Yeah, but you are assuming people only go to college for
             | its educational value , ...
             | 
             | But that's exactly the point, a huge expectation of going
             | to college is the whole college experience: building
             | independence, lifelong friendships, extracurriculars, etc.
             | 50k for Zoom? Fuck that.
        
             | ozzythecat wrote:
             | You're implying causation - that a college degree is the
             | cause of these outcomes. I'm not convinced that's true, and
             | in my mind, it might be one of the most damaging beliefs.
             | 
             | It could be that people who are driven or passionate, on
             | average, want to pursue higher education, or that they take
             | on risks, exercise their brains in learning endeavors, and
             | it's their effort and drive that leads to success.
             | 
             | It's entirely possible that high earners have college
             | degrees because they were told that to be successful, they
             | had to go to college. It's a belief they were raised with.
             | 
             | I think it's highly misguided that we give college so much
             | credit. And we also demonstrate survivorship bias where
             | those who went to college but didn't get the pay off are
             | blamed for having made some wrong decision.
             | 
             | We treat higher education as a silver bullet and put it on
             | a pedestal when it's not.
        
               | paulpauper wrote:
               | This may be true, but at the same time, if the goal is to
               | make a lot of money, rich parents and other luck aside, a
               | college degree in a high-paying major is probably the
               | best shot at it, instead for example trying to copy Garry
               | Vanverchuck or Steve Jobs. Drive and effort apply for all
               | professions, but it's just that college grads will get a
               | higher return for their effort.
        
           | cpascal wrote:
           | I'm glad that there is much more awareness and consideration
           | around cost.
           | 
           | When I was in high school and applying to colleges around
           | 2011, the advice given to us was to not take cost too
           | seriously. Many authority figures (like high school
           | counselors) told my peers and I to, "follow your heart" or
           | "go where you think you'll fit in best".
           | 
           | On top of that, student loans and interest rates where not
           | explained to us very well. Very few of us understood that
           | borrowing 160k-200k to go to an out-of-state/private school
           | could very well mean you were signing up for a lifelong debt.
           | 
           | Looking back, its insane we could make such a life
           | altering/hindering decision with so little oversight from the
           | "adults".
        
           | samarama wrote:
           | Are student loans really such an issue?
           | 
           | 85% of graduates have less than $50,000 in student loans.
           | Paid off over 20 years, that's really not much.
           | https://www.rclco.com/wp-content/uploads/advisory-student-
           | de...
           | 
           | Additionally, those that have much higher loans are usually
           | medical students who make $200,000/year at the entry level.
        
             | thehappypm wrote:
             | A $50,000 loan with a high interest rate is not good AT
             | ALL.
        
               | xhkkffbf wrote:
               | Exactly. The fellow above is foolish to think that even
               | $10k is manageable for people in entry level jobs. Even
               | good coders have to strain to pay off $10k-20k.
               | 
               | Plus, you're right that the interest rate is insane when
               | banks are paying 1%.
        
               | vorpalhex wrote:
               | "Below $50,000". And student loans have low rates unless
               | you go private. Of course, who is more likely to need
               | private loans they may not be able to pay? Probably not
               | the trust fund kids.
        
               | giaour wrote:
               | "Low rates" here meaning 8%?! It's lower than credit card
               | APR, but would you take a large installment loan at that
               | rate?
               | 
               | The interest rate especially shocking when you consider
               | that interest is supposed to pay for the creditor taking
               | on the risk of default, which is almost impossible with
               | student loans.
        
               | swagasaurus-rex wrote:
               | You hit on a key point. Lender sees non-dischargeable
               | loans as FREE MONEY.
               | 
               | They're pushing these onto kids who are barely adults
               | because its FREE MONEY to them.
        
               | selectodude wrote:
               | Federal loan maximums for dependent students is $31,000.
               | Huge numbers of students need to dip into the private
               | loan kitty and get fucked.
        
               | paulpauper wrote:
               | By that logic there should be much more outrage about
               | credit card debt, car loan debt.
        
               | giaour wrote:
               | Unlike student loans, those debts can be discharged in
               | bankruptcy.
        
             | drak0n1c wrote:
             | Federal guarantees for the $120+ billion in annual new
             | student loans that the DOE boasts of in its annual letter
             | are still one of the primary drivers of tuition inflation -
             | with tuition increases compounded over decades that
             | increases costs for both those who take loans and those who
             | don't.
        
             | issa wrote:
             | If you are in the US and know people who are aged 30-50 and
             | not software engineers, this is almost all that they talk
             | about. Some people manage to pay them off, others (due to
             | high interest) owe more than when they started. It is a
             | huge problem.
        
               | samarama wrote:
               | Do you have sources for this, because the numbers don't
               | reflect this.
        
               | cableshaft wrote:
               | Yep, I'm a software engineer and just about to pay them
               | off (I slowed down because of the deferred loans, could
               | have had it done in 2020).
               | 
               | Meanwhile my wife only makes an appreciable dent in hers
               | whenever she gets a gift from family members, and she's
               | still paying $900 a month to not do much more than tread
               | water. She did get it paid down a bit more thanks to the
               | past two years of deferrals, but she still owes a lot
               | more than I ever borrowed (two years of my school were
               | paid for by a scholarship).
               | 
               | It's been a steady drag on our income since we've been
               | together. At least mine is just about to go away, mine
               | was $400/month as well... that $1300/month is almost as
               | much as our mortgage payment.
               | 
               | I have multiple friends that have just given up on ever
               | paying off their student loan debt in their lifetime and
               | only pay enough to keep it where it is (or slowly
               | increasing even). You wonder why people aren't buying
               | homes and having children, there it is. I guess the
               | solution to overpopulation is just saddle everyone with a
               | bunch of debt, then.
        
             | vorpalhex wrote:
             | Part of the issue is that you can get these loans
             | regardless your program. Chemical engineering? Here you go.
             | Studying gay romances in 14th century literature? Yup,
             | here's your 50k too.
             | 
             | One of those people can pay that loan off in two years. One
             | of them is likely never going to pay it off without a
             | career change.
             | 
             | Of course, we probably don't want loan officers picking
             | what poor people can major in either.
        
               | Sohcahtoa82 wrote:
               | I'm an advocate for requiring career counseling before
               | taking out student loans.
               | 
               | I would not say that people should be denied based on
               | their chosen major, but prospective students should be
               | shown statistics on the average salaries, unemployment,
               | and usage rates of the major they're interested in and
               | compare it to the projected costs and resulting loan
               | debt.
        
               | giaour wrote:
               | The person studying gay romances in 14th century
               | literature is probably a PhD student with a stipend and
               | full tuition remission. They're getting subsidized by MBA
               | tuition dollars, not by loans.
        
               | ativzzz wrote:
               | Sure, but they go through an undergrad in English or
               | something similar before they are a PhD, for which they
               | take the loan, then they don't earn any money (just
               | enough to subsist) while the interest on their undergrad
               | loan accrues. Or the interest may be deferred but the
               | loan is still there.
        
               | rdtwo wrote:
               | The chemistry undergrad has similar career prospects
               | sadly
        
             | paulpauper wrote:
             | this times 100x. The problem may seem really bad, but wages
             | are high enough that college grads still earn more than
             | high school grads even after accounting for inflation and
             | student loan debt.
        
             | belval wrote:
             | It's probably my Canadian experience talking, but this
             | sentence:
             | 
             | > 85% of graduates have less than $50,000 in student loans.
             | Paid off over 20 years, that's really not much.
             | 
             | It is pretty terrifying that you manage to mentally justify
             | going in debt for 20 years over your college education. I
             | understand that given a good job it's easy to pay it back,
             | but I never even borrowed even a tenth of that to complete
             | my engineering degree and I've probably paid my education
             | back several time in taxes to the government.
        
               | qaq wrote:
               | But there is no magic you are paying higher taxes and
               | that's not for 20 years it's forever
        
               | lapsedacademic wrote:
               | There are two sources of "magic":
               | 
               | 1. Efficiency. Canadian universities deliver
               | similar/better products at much lower cost. Not just cost
               | at point of use, but actual "amount of money spend
               | annually to deliver education".
               | 
               | 2. Financing model. Taxation allows you to fund things
               | without paying interest to a middle man. If you pay off a
               | set of loans whose principle is 50K, but with 5%-7%
               | interest rates, then you're paying a lot more than 50K.
               | So even if the products were equal in price, the taxation
               | model might work out ahead.
        
               | qaq wrote:
               | thats great in theory the thing is though that US student
               | will make 15K more after tax so break even will be 3.3y
        
               | lapsedacademic wrote:
               | 1. That number seems way off. What are your assumptions?
               | 
               | 2. I haven't looked at the data, but I'm going to go out
               | on a _VERY_ short branch here and assert that the _entire
               | delta_ between US and CA tax rates is not consumed by
               | higher education.
        
               | qaq wrote:
               | this would obviously depend on the field but generally
               | there is significantly lower comp in Canada vs US for the
               | same job. Taxes are lower in US too.
        
               | lapsedacademic wrote:
               | _> but generally there is significantly lower comp in
               | Canada_
               | 
               | Right, I figured. This is entirely orthogonal to the
               | discussion about the problems with higher ed in the us...
        
               | belval wrote:
               | Honestly (I know that's not true of all states) but I
               | worked in California and the taxes I was paying there
               | were higher than my taxes in Quebec/British Columbia.
               | 
               | Yes taxation is higher, but I still feel like we get a
               | lot more bang for our bucks here.
        
               | qaq wrote:
               | Well that's one exception but in CA public Unis are good
               | and fairly cheap.
        
               | [deleted]
        
             | rileyphone wrote:
             | Yes, we shouldn't penalize people for getting an education
             | and becoming better citizens. Many are drowning in the non-
             | absolvable debt for student loans. And the entry level out
             | of med school is a residency making a third of that number.
        
             | dzonga wrote:
             | I know someone who's about to a Physical Therapist,
             | doctorate. she's gonna leave school owing 200k+. yet
             | starting salary will be 85k that I made coming out of state
             | college as a CS grad.
        
           | ryanSrich wrote:
           | It's mind boggling how bad student loans are looking back at
           | it. It was just normal to spend $100k over 4 years.
           | 
           | I finally paid mine and my wife's off in 2020 and when I did
           | the math, combined we paid $216k over 7 years post college.
           | We were both lucky enough to have well paying jobs, but so so
           | many people don't. Some of these people even with decent jobs
           | will be paying $500-$1000/m for nearly the rest of their
           | lives.
        
           | bart_spoon wrote:
           | Plus the amount and quality of alternative learning resources
           | is very high, at least in some fields. I know coding
           | bootcamps get a bad rep, often justified, but at the same
           | time my buddy went to college for a degree in HR and I went
           | for STEM. He ended up hating HR, did a 9 week boot camp,
           | managed to get a job, and after a few years of experience is
           | in roughly the same place as me and is thriving. It took him
           | a little longer because of the time spent in HR, but
           | ultimately he ended up with the same skill set I did between
           | the 9 weeks of intensive study combined with on the job
           | experience. Meanwhile I got a broader education, but the
           | majority of it isn't very relevant on a day to day basis, if
           | ever.
           | 
           | It's a single anecdote, but between online resources and
           | alternative training programs, it seems harder to justify
           | spending tens of thousands of dollars on college.
        
             | paulpauper wrote:
             | _It 's a single anecdote, but between online resources and
             | alternative training programs, it seems harder to justify
             | spending tens of thousands of dollars on college._
             | 
             | The evidence suggests that bootcamp grads struggle at
             | finding good jobs, and also bootcamps charge a lot up-
             | front, whereas collages have more aid and other programs to
             | defer payment.
        
             | Frost1x wrote:
             | >Meanwhile I got a broader education, but the majority of
             | it isn't very relevant on a day to day basis, if ever.
             | 
             | While I agree with your core sentiment, my opinion is that
             | this is a symptom of a cultural/societal problem and not
             | one of the schools. Modern Universities are certainly ripe
             | with problems (largely driven by adopting business
             | structures), including generally poor quality courses and
             | curriculum within them, but I think you've identified a
             | larger societal problem we have.
             | 
             | Why is it that broad education which is generally, at the
             | very least in my opinion, clearly valuable yet so lowly
             | valued in society? It's my opinion that we have
             | institutional structures that, given a lack of
             | opportunities, value specialized and specific knowledge
             | over general knowledge.
             | 
             | Meanwhile, if you have the capability to escape these
             | institutional shackles, general knowledge becomes far more
             | valuable. On the labor side, labor markets are all about
             | jobs and specialized roles with efficient production from
             | that role. On the capital side, you need more general
             | knowledge to see, connect, and sieze opportunities. It
             | seems to me that most lack enough genuine _realizable
             | opportunity_ where general knowledge becomes valuable (say,
             | seeking entrepreneurship) and in such a set of constraints,
             | it makes complete sense why people specialize and chase
             | demand of specialization because it 's their most optimal
             | strategy for financial success.
             | 
             | I work in R&D in startup-esk environments and my general
             | knowledge is fairly well valued, however even here
             | leadership sometimes fail to see how some book or article I
             | read years ago, course I took, project I worked on years
             | ago, etc. was critical to making the connection that made
             | this research thing possible.
             | 
             | They value the general subset of knowledge I have that made
             | their thing possible (oh boy you know A, B, and C and those
             | saved us!!!), never mind the hydrology work I've done, it's
             | irrelevant (D, or so they think, even though I may draw on
             | concepts from such domains opaquely) or perhaps hours of
             | video gaming (E, which lead to a game theoretic intuition
             | about approaching an underlying problem). That knowledge
             | was only appreciated after the fact because it made someone
             | a pile of money or positioned a large contract.
             | 
             | I remember hating taking geology in college because "I'd
             | never use it," then I did a lot of applied science and R&D
             | in the fossil fuels industry and suddenly a lot of "silly"
             | things I did in geology gave me a foundation to jump from
             | and to build upon. That silly geology course made me
             | boatloads of money in retrospect. Throughout my career I
             | always like to look back when I have a problem and say "ah
             | ha, I sure am glad I studied or read about X years ago,
             | that's one less thing I need to internalize now to do this
             | thing." I'm always surprised how much old general knowledge
             | I draw upon for new problems and how valuable they truly
             | are.
        
             | feoren wrote:
             | It may seem right now like someone who did a 9-week
             | bootcamp is in the same place as you, but the differences
             | will start to show up after a few years. I have degrees in
             | both CS and Math, and I often say that I got the most
             | benefit from my CS degree in the first ~5 years of my
             | career, and from my Math degree since then. The tech your
             | buddy learned in bootcamp will get stale and he'll have to
             | start over; meanwhile your deeper level of knowledge will
             | help you contribute to the development of the next era of
             | whatever you're working on. This is assuming other factors
             | are roughly equal; of course if your buddy spends more time
             | on self-learning than you, this might not come true.
        
               | pcthrowaway wrote:
               | I graduated 10 years ago, and I don't feel like my degree
               | benefits me much other than marginally in reputation.
               | 
               | I learned more practical skills from free online classes
               | and tutorials than I did from my entire university
               | program, and I can think of maybe a handful of times I've
               | thought about complexity analysis. But I've also entirely
               | avoided whiteboard interviews, so perhaps myself and
               | prospective employers have selected for my weakness in
               | academic computer science concepts.
        
             | f6v wrote:
             | > Plus the amount and quality of alternative learning
             | resources is very high, at least in some fields
             | 
             | Out of interest, what are other fields besides IT?
        
         | epistasis wrote:
         | I've heard tales of people with interest rates of 7%+ on
         | student loans, and the official rates are not incredibly low
         | either:
         | 
         | https://studentaid.gov/understand-aid/types/loans/interest-r...
         | 
         | Any loan that is charging 6.28% interest and also _cant_ be
         | discharged by bankruptcy is just usury with current interest
         | rates.
        
           | sokoloff wrote:
           | An interest rate on something that is entirely
           | uncollateralized and granted to someone with no income and
           | often no credit history nor assets is usurious at a rate of
           | around 2x that of an owner-occupied house with 20% down, an
           | income of >3x the monthly payments, and a 740+ credit score?
           | That is quite far from obvious to me.
        
             | epistasis wrote:
             | If they have to make it undischargable in bankruptcy, that
             | is a pretty big clue that the loan is usurious, IMHO.
        
               | sokoloff wrote:
               | How much money would you personally be willing to lend to
               | a high school senior with no collateral, no credit, and
               | no job who plans to study for 4 years and then file for
               | bankruptcy?
               | 
               |  _That's_ why they're not discharged in bankruptcy: to
               | make them possible to be made en masse.
        
               | epistasis wrote:
               | I'm not disagreeing with that point, I'm disagreeing that
               | these sorts of loans should be legal at all, much less
               | that they should be a common method of funding the
               | education necessary for the knowledge workers of the
               | future.
        
               | sokoloff wrote:
               | If you're going to have people study for 4 years past
               | grade 12, someone's got to pick up the tab for their
               | rent, food, entertainment, and clothes/supplies at least.
               | 
               | If we disallow lending, that would tend to limit the
               | attendance at "away from home" colleges and universities
               | to the upper middle and upper classes. I don't know that
               | outcome is obviously "better". It would be a massive boon
               | to the wealthier families as compared to today.
               | 
               | I benefited massively from student loans and Army ROTC
               | scholarship; I don't want to see that taken away from
               | future generations (even if removing that would benefit
               | my family).
        
               | epistasis wrote:
               | Rather than loans, we should reinvest in state
               | universities, which in general have been massively
               | defunded over the past decades, and also tie that
               | additionally funding to reduced student costs so that the
               | money goes where it should. The decision to attend
               | university should be made more on the basis of student
               | capabilities and available slots than on having big loans
               | or ROTC access (and ROTC experience is a great thing,
               | that has its own wonderful merits)
        
               | treis wrote:
               | Bankruptcy isn't a get out of debt free card. You can
               | only get debt that you can't realistically repay
               | discharged. The new graduate with a job at Google making
               | $150k isn't getting their student loans discharged.
               | 
               | So the answer to your question is as much as I think they
               | could reasonably repay based on their earning potential
               | after graduation. Which is a reasonable answer to the
               | whole problem except that it hands a huge advantage to
               | rich kids who's parents can write that tuition check.
        
           | agentdrtran wrote:
           | I had 11% interest rates my first two years, but I had to
           | take out private loans.
        
           | lumost wrote:
           | This Happened to me on loans taken out between '07 and '10.
           | The liquidity crises meant that banks stopped lending to
           | students, and everyone assumed that interest rates would
           | rise. I got locked into 7.25-8% fixed on roughly 80k in debt
           | which I paid off over the next 10 years. Unfortunately a bout
           | of unemployment in 2010 prevented me from refinancing.
        
             | selimthegrim wrote:
             | Me too, I'm still stuck with 10k at (now 10.5%) taken out
             | then
        
           | pkage wrote:
           | I recall that in 2016 First Marblehead (now Cognition
           | Financial) was offering interest rates of up to 13% (!) and
           | averaging 11% (!!) on NYU tuition ($60k/yr for a 4 year
           | degree). I recall during my application that they were very
           | heavily pushing for me to finance my degree there.
           | Thankfully, I went elsewhere.
           | 
           | The chair of NYU's Board of Trustees at the time was William
           | Berkley. Perhaps coincidentally, he also headed the board of
           | First Marblehead. I'm sure there was no conflict of interest,
           | though.
        
           | HWR_14 wrote:
           | > Any loan that is charging 6.28% interest and also cant be
           | discharged by bankruptcy
           | 
           | The interest rates are high because so few loans can be
           | discharged by bankruptcy. You can refinance your mortgage
           | with anyone. Far few companies will refinance your student
           | loans.
           | 
           | Meanwhile, it makes prefect sense that bankruptcy cannot
           | discharge student loans. Otherwise, every single student
           | would have crappy credit from 21-28 and no student loans
           | ever.
        
             | megaman821 wrote:
             | They should be dischargable after 8-10 years. If you are
             | willing to declare 8 years after graduating, you should be
             | able to get your debt restructured or forgiven.
        
               | HWR_14 wrote:
               | They are currently discharged (without bankruptcy) at 20
               | years. Yes that's a big difference, but it is an
               | important point.
        
             | epistasis wrote:
             | If "makes perfect sense" solution to college is usury, we
             | have serious problems with our higher education system.
             | 
             | It's time to start funding these schools adequately so that
             | they do not immiserate everyone except those with wealthy
             | parents. It's the opposite of a meritocracy.
        
               | 1123581321 wrote:
               | Schools will increase their expenses and tuition to fill
               | loan capacity plus public funding, as they've already
               | been doing.
        
               | epistasis wrote:
               | I'm not sure if the spending or funding side is bigger
               | issue, and surely this depends somewhat on the school,
               | but both must be brought in line rather than forcing it
               | onto our future workers.
               | 
               | The one thing we can't do is stop funding because we have
               | pre-decided that it won't lower tuition. It's easy to
               | attach strings to money, let's do that.
        
         | jrsj wrote:
         | I honestly think keeping people in debt so they have to work
         | more & for longer is considered a feature of the system by a
         | majority of the people running it
        
         | xhkkffbf wrote:
         | Absolutely true. And many of the degrees don't lead anywhere.
         | The smart kids are the ones that aren't in college.
         | 
         | When I hire now, I always look for kids who are willing to
         | teach themselves and learn from all of the good sources on the
         | Internet. Places like Coursera, Udemy or even YouTube. They're
         | reasonably priced.
        
         | MattGaiser wrote:
         | Aren't state colleges must cheaper than that?
        
           | taylodl wrote:
           | There's tuition and there's room & board. In my state the
           | tuition is $10K/yr but the room & board is $15K/yr. It
           | doesn't help that the largest public college in my state
           | doesn't have enough dorm rooms for all their students so by
           | Junior year you _have_ to have moved out. Have you seen rent
           | lately? Taken a look at your grocery bill? There are many
           | costs factoring in to the high cost of higher education.
        
           | eschewobfuscat wrote:
           | When I went to Colorado State University (by no means
           | prestigious) tuition ran around $2,300 [1] and is now almost
           | triple [2] per semester, I could rent a 2 bedroom apartment
           | and live alone for $735, where as that's now sharing a 3
           | bedroom apartment. Renting the apartment I had is closer to
           | $1,300 per month, or nearly double what I paid. It's not very
           | affordable, whereas I could relatively easily afford it.
           | 
           | [1] http://irpe-
           | reports.colostate.edu/pdf/tuition/Tuition_Fees_H...
           | 
           | [2] https://financialaid.colostate.edu/media/sites/38/2018/05
           | /Un...
        
           | jrsj wrote:
           | Many now make room and board mandatory and when you factor
           | that in with tuition, books, etc you can get to $25k total
           | cost even with in-state tuition. I don't know how common this
           | is exactly but Ohio State does this for freshman and
           | sophomores now.
        
           | epistasis wrote:
           | Without room and board, University of California fees are
           | around $20k. And none of the college towns have adequate
           | housing, so any sort of housing is absolutely through the
           | roof.
        
             | cgearhart wrote:
             | "The University of California is the world's leading public
             | research university." [1] So $20k/yr seems like a steal.
             | Meanwhile, if you're price sensitive then you can go to one
             | of the 26 Cal State campuses for ~$8k/yr (Cal Poly SLO is
             | an outlier at $10k). [2] If you're _really_ looking to keep
             | costs down, head to community college for two years to
             | finish a Cal State transferable AA, then have guaranteed
             | admission to a Cal State school and only two years there to
             | finish your BS /BA. [3] It should cost <$20k in total to do
             | community college and cal state if you did it in 4 years.
             | 
             | Housing and supplies are still expensive, and _yes_ it's
             | still very expensive to go to college, but there are
             | affordable options out there for college.
             | 
             | [1] https://www.universityofcalifornia.edu/uc-system [2]
             | https://www.calstate.edu/attend/paying-for-
             | college/Documents... [3]
             | https://www.calstate.edu/apply/transfer/pages/ccc-
             | associate-...
        
               | zdragnar wrote:
               | In my experience, "Research universities" are a joke for
               | undergrad students. All it means for most of them is that
               | their classes will be taught by graduate students because
               | the "professors" are too busy doing research to be
               | bothered with such trivial work.
               | 
               | You need to be pretty lucky in your final years or
               | actually going for masters or PHD to really be exposed to
               | the research side of things.
               | 
               | It's a steal alright, but I cant say I agree with who is
               | coming out ahead.
        
               | cgearhart wrote:
               | I guess my point was that the price of a school system
               | that touts itself as a world-leading research university
               | may not be the best baseline for the cost of college--
               | even if it's a public university system. The Cal State
               | system has always been the "affordable" public option for
               | college in California.
        
               | zdragnar wrote:
               | Yeah, that is fair. I guess my gripe is with the idea
               | that research universities charge undergraduates more at
               | all. If anything, most students get a much worse
               | experience and learning environment as a result.
               | 
               | My own experience was that professors who were not
               | currently research oriented tended to have a much more
               | personal interest in actually teaching- not just the
               | material, but in the practice of pedagogy overall.
               | 
               | Compare that to researching professors (or worse, their
               | grad student substitutes) and it is often a night and day
               | difference. All you're really paying more for is often
               | the name on your diploma at the end of the day.
        
           | yakz wrote:
           | State colleges can be cheaper, but they're not as cheap as
           | they used to be in a lot of places. Many states cut back
           | funding for their universities.
           | 
           | "Overall state funding for public two- and four-year colleges
           | in the school year ending in 2018 was more than $6.6 billion
           | below what it was in 2008 just before the Great Recession
           | fully took hold, after adjusting for inflation."
           | 
           | "Between school years 2008 to 2018, after adjusting for
           | inflation:                   * 41 states spent less per
           | student.         * On average, states spent $1,220, or 13
           | percent, less per student.         * Per-student funding fell
           | by more than 30 percent in six states: Alabama, Arizona,
           | Louisiana, Mississippi, Oklahoma, and Pennsylvania."
           | 
           | https://www.cbpp.org/research/state-budget-and-tax/state-
           | hig...
        
         | commandlinefan wrote:
         | > Their universal concern is the cost.
         | 
         | I have a senior in high school right now and although I think
         | you're right - he's concerned about a potential quarter-million
         | dollar tuition bill before this whole thing is over - he's also
         | concerned about the whole selectivity of it all. From the
         | outside looking in, you never know what's important and what's
         | not. He has this feeling (and I'm not sure I can dispute it)
         | that the only degrees that matter are degrees from hyper-
         | selective ivy league schools and if the only school he can get
         | into is Texas Tech, he might as well just give up and go into a
         | trade. I remind him that I went to a no-name school and I'm
         | doing fine but he says "things are different than when you were
         | young", and I'm not 100% sure he's wrong.
        
           | ryathal wrote:
           | If you want to be a college grad hired by Google, college
           | name matters. If you want to move across the country, college
           | name matters. If you want to stay in the region/state, not
           | choose a garbage tier college is all that matters. It's not
           | Ivy league or bust, but choosing top 100 university for
           | chosen field is a good bet.
        
           | kd913 wrote:
           | I feel the key bit here is to look at the outcome of the
           | education. He is right to be worried about a quarter-million
           | dollar tuition bill, and there is absolutely no point in
           | doing so for a path with poor job prospects.
           | 
           | There are some paths where the university choice does matter,
           | others that don't.
           | 
           | Going into the trades is not a bad idea I think, but again it
           | needs to be a conscious decision for the pros and the cons.
           | 
           | I think the key bit is do some research, try and get a week
           | long internship in the job that he is looking for and/or try
           | to speak with seniors/grads.
        
           | Eridrus wrote:
           | There is a lot of defeatism floating around these days that
           | isn't really warranted, there's good evidence that what you
           | study matters as much as where, e.g.
           | https://www.air.org/news/press-release/when-it-comes-your-
           | pa...
           | 
           | Barely scraping through an engineering degree or getting a
           | degree in architecture at texas tech is certainly a bad idea,
           | but the average engineering graduate is doing better than the
           | trades.
           | 
           | More of this data is public now on graduate outcomes, e.g.
           | https://www.collegesimply.com/colleges/texas/texas-tech-
           | univ...
        
           | owlbite wrote:
           | My cousin seemed to have it worked out. Do as many relevant
           | AP classes for credit as possible, finish the first two years
           | worth of credits at a community college for $cheap and then
           | transfer to a brand-name school for the final part.
           | 
           | My general impression is "has a degree with min GPA x.y" is a
           | HR check-box that is necessary to get past an initial screen
           | for a lot of large company roles. After you've got a couple
           | of years experience no-one on the interview panel likely
           | cares about the school you went to (and if they do, maybe
           | give that firm a miss) compared to what you've done in the
           | past 3 years.
        
           | munificent wrote:
           | The degree is only part of the value proposition of a
           | college, though. The actual education you get (not just the
           | paper proving it), the meaningful experiences you have, the
           | social connections you forge, and the opportunities you
           | encounter in the environment are all hugely important.
           | 
           | I went to college and dropped out, so the value of my non-
           | existent degree is literally zero. But I got a _ton_ of value
           | out of my time there. I met a lot of friends, grew
           | significantly as a person, and found a job opportunity that
           | started me on my career path.
           | 
           | I still think college is way too expensive these days, but if
           | you think of it as only purchasing a degree, you're missing a
           | lot.
        
           | ngc248 wrote:
           | How many people are getting into selective schools? It cant
           | be more than a few thousands, so indeed there are
           | opportunities for those who go to non-selective schools. It
           | depends in the end.
           | 
           | Problem is we always keep hearing about these selective
           | schools in the media and that colours out perception a lot.
           | Of course try as much as possible to get into a selective
           | school, but if one is unable to, there are still
           | opportunities.
        
             | treis wrote:
             | >How many people are getting into selective schools? It
             | cant be more than a few thousands,
             | 
             | Much more than that. The ivy league admits ~20k a year.
             | That number jumps to a few hundreds of thousands if you
             | extend to flagship state schools & the Dukes,
             | Northwesterns, and Stanfords of the world.
        
           | hallway_monitor wrote:
           | > give up and go into a trade
           | 
           | Exactly this, without the "give up" part. Why is going into a
           | trade giving up? It's choosing a different path than the one
           | that has been shoved down all our throats like it is the only
           | respectable option. University is not for everyone, and not
           | everyone can go there. There's simply not enough room.
           | 
           | I think going into trades is what I want my son to do. I love
           | Mike Rowe's thoughts on this - you can make excellent money,
           | get started fast and be working for yourself by the time you
           | would get a precious 4-year degree. And trades are in serious
           | need of new people; seems like a great opportunity.
        
             | learc83 wrote:
             | I have many family members in the trades. "The trades" is
             | not a homogenous group of jobs. Some of them got lucky and
             | got good union jobs. Most of them work hard jobs that are
             | hard on their bodies. They have an income that's enough to
             | live on, but money is always tight. I know very few
             | tradesmen in their 50s and 60s who would tell their
             | children to follow their career path, other than the
             | relative few who have managed to work their way up so that
             | they are managing tradesmen, not working as a tradesman.
             | 
             | If you have a very specific career in mind then sure go for
             | it, but just telling people to "go into the trades" is
             | probably harmful.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | paulpauper wrote:
           | The average debt for recent college grads is around $30-40k,
           | quarter-million figures are outliers . Doctors may accumulate
           | hundreds of thousands of dollars of debt, but they easily
           | make up for it in income.
        
             | JohnTHaller wrote:
             | About 7% (3.2 million) of federal student loan borrowers
             | have over $100,000 in debt. Many of these are likely law
             | (avg $145,500), pharmacy ($179,514), veterinary ($183,302),
             | medical ($201,490), and dental ($292,169).
        
               | paulpauper wrote:
               | right, and those jobs also tend to pay the most
        
               | BeetleB wrote:
               | Law is very bimodal. The median engineer likely makes
               | more than the median lawyer.
               | 
               | Pharmacy: If you get a doctorate and work in a hospital
               | (e.g. in ER), you'll get good pay. The average pharmacist
               | in the pharmacy: Not as much in the future. And there's
               | been a lot of wage pressure due to:
               | 
               | 1. Amount pharmacies have to pay to obtain the drugs
               | (i.e. what drug manufacturers charge).
               | 
               | 2. Amount insurers will pay for medicine. These are
               | contractual. So if you have insurance and go in, there's
               | an upper bar on what the pharmacy can get from you.
               | 
               | The profit a pharmacy makes is between these two numbers,
               | and that margin has shrunk a lot in the last decade. The
               | upshot? Pharmacies are cutting staff, and cutting hours.
               | In my state, there are towns with no pharmacies at all -
               | they had to shut down as they were losing money.
        
           | yoyohello13 wrote:
           | They are not that different. I graduated from a no name
           | school a few years ago and am doing fine.
        
           | sosborn wrote:
           | If he doesn't want to be in the trades, he should go to Texas
           | Tech. The degree will serve him just as well as a degree from
           | any other school, bar a handful of elite institutions.
        
           | lapsedacademic wrote:
           | Texas Tech is a fantastic school. If he chooses to go there
           | and majors in a STEM field, he'll have a bright future.
        
           | selimthegrim wrote:
           | I know some pretty good biotech start ups spun out from Texas
           | Tech - I wouldn't dismiss it out of hand
        
         | the_only_law wrote:
         | I've been looking at going back to school for some years, and
         | it's finally looking like I'll be able to begin the process
         | this year.
         | 
         | I can do the first two years of undergrad, through a community
         | colleges while still working, and grad school can be figure out
         | later if I decide on it, but I'm still concerned about how much
         | I need to save for those last two years of undergrad.
         | 
         | Tuition is one thing, while generally expensive, I'm in a state
         | that's not too bad if you can get in-state tuition. It's still
         | probably expensive, but nothing unmanageable (doesn't seem much
         | worse than financing a new car). The main concern is living
         | expenses.
         | 
         | The financial aid system is a bureaucratic joke as far as I'm
         | aware, and "estimated family contribution" seems like a
         | delusion in the case of most people. I half-joked with some
         | friends about living in a car for the last couple years, and
         | one thought I was crazy, responding with an anecdote about how
         | "you don't have to do that, I worked 3 jobs to pay for my
         | education" which to me almost seems more miserable at this
         | point.
        
         | mywittyname wrote:
         | > If we fix the college financial system, enrollment would
         | likely skyrocket.
         | 
         | Enrollment was at record numbers immediately preceding the
         | pandemic, and this was a trend that held for several years
         | prior as well. Lots of colleges had been expanding their
         | campuses like crazy in the Before Times.
         | 
         | I don't think the pandemic will result in a long-term shift
         | away from this trend. By-and-large, college education remains
         | is a worthwhile expenditure, despite the costs. You even agree,
         | hence why you have _three kids_ in college!
         | 
         | I can appreciate not going to college right now. Classes have
         | been randomly cancelled, there have been lockdowns/classes
         | going remote, professors aren't grading/lecturing at the levels
         | they should be, students are doing the work, etc, etc. But once
         | society reaches some level of normalcy again, I believe
         | enrollment numbers will explode back to record levels.
         | 
         | Plus, cost-conscious students have more options than ever. A
         | lot of community colleges are starting to offer 4 year degrees.
        
         | monkeynotes wrote:
         | In addition there is COVID which means a lot of online learning
         | and none of the college social experience. I know of a coop on
         | my team is considering pausing finishing his degree because he
         | hates online learning and does not feel like he's getting the
         | education he paid for.
        
           | taylodl wrote:
           | What's the alternative? Wait for this to "blow over"? We've
           | been waiting for two years now. Maybe omicron will be it. Or
           | maybe not. We simply don't know. One thing we _do_ know from
           | past experience is those opting-out of college or putting
           | their degree on  "pause" rarely return to complete their
           | degree. You simply reach a point where you're focusing on
           | your career, maybe start a family, and so forth and the next
           | thing you know there's simply no time (or money) for college.
        
             | monkeynotes wrote:
             | I think for him pausing and perhaps just having a career is
             | the best of a bad situation. His education doesn't work for
             | him as is.
        
             | nradov wrote:
             | The better alternative is to immediately return all
             | students and staff to full in-person education with no
             | mandates or restrictions. Yes that will incur some small
             | but acceptable level of additional risk.
        
               | VampireWillow wrote:
               | Your comment is the epitome of "some of you will die, but
               | that's a sacrifice I'm willing to make".
        
               | nradov wrote:
               | Real life is full of risks. I despise this modern culture
               | of safetyism and fragility. We should teach our youth to
               | be stoic and resilient in the face of danger.
        
               | SamoyedFurFluff wrote:
               | I think the youth are plenty stoic and resilient. They
               | have to be in response to increasing inequality, a
               | shrinking middle class, climate change, and increased
               | authoritarianism. They have never known a time without
               | war and terrorism. School shootings are no longer
               | newsworthy and they grew up drilling for a lone shooter.
        
               | logicalmonster wrote:
               | What human activity has 0 risk?
               | 
               | For all of human history, there's been a chance that a
               | child will die in a car-accident or be abducted by a
               | child predator on his way to school every day. We haven't
               | said that kids should stop going to school because of
               | this, have we?
               | 
               | There's a non-zero chance people will die traveling to
               | and from work today. We haven't said that people should
               | stop working to save lives, have we?
               | 
               | I think that most people being bad at understanding risk-
               | management is at the core of why there's there's such big
               | divide with how to react to Covid.
        
               | monkeynotes wrote:
               | We have grown to depend on automobiles for modern life
               | and the economy to function. People can function with
               | kids in masks and home learning, just about. Their
               | quality of life compared to my childhood/teen years is
               | trash though. Additionally society cannot live with
               | hospitals operating at reduced capacity because of COVID
               | overflow. I mean, that alone is reason for managing the
               | risk aggressively.
        
               | logicalmonster wrote:
               | > We have grown to depend on automobiles for modern life
               | and the economy to function.
               | 
               | So when it comes to cars, what you're saying is that
               | "some of you will die, but that's a sacrifice I'm willing
               | to make". Am I reading that correctly?
               | 
               | PS: The above is obvious sarcasm. See how ridiculous bad
               | risk-management calculations sound?
               | 
               | > Additionally society cannot live with hospitals
               | operating at reduced capacity because of COVID overflow.
               | 
               | Color me skeptical about the severity of this risk for 2
               | big reasons.
               | 
               | 1) Look at actions, not words. Think about how governors
               | and hospitals are acting. If there was a genuine fear of
               | the hospitals collapsing, they'd be putting out daily
               | public service announcements begging for retired doctors,
               | people with any medical training whatsoever, or even
               | random nuns to come and volunteer to tend to the sick and
               | dying. Instead they're mass-firing healthy "health care
               | heroes" who refuse to get a vaccine. Is that the act of
               | people who are genuinely concerned about overwhelming the
               | health care system?
               | 
               | 2) This sensationalism has been happening every cold and
               | flu season: see pic-related. Hospitals are designed to
               | perpetually run at close to full capacity for financial
               | reasons. https://i.imgur.com/50eqkXq.jpg
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | hackflip wrote:
               | The 3rd calendar year into this this, I'm willing to make
               | that sacrifice. Everyone who wants to be vaccinated is
               | vaccinated. Young people will overwhelmingly be fine. The
               | old should make sacrifices for the young, not the other
               | way around.
        
               | [deleted]
        
         | asdff wrote:
         | In state tuition at public schools has still been reasonable
         | all this time
        
         | learc83 wrote:
         | >horrendously predatory loans backed by the government
         | 
         | What's predatory about public loans. They all qualify for
         | income based repayment, which means you'll never pay more than
         | 10% of your disposable income (any income over 1.5x the federal
         | poverty level). If you make below that amount, you'll never be
         | required to pay back anything. And they are cancelled after 20
         | years.
         | 
         | Theoretically you'd owe tax on cancelled debt, but only up to
         | the point of solvency. And a borrower who hasn't made enough
         | income to pay back a student loan after 20 years probably isn't
         | solvent, so won't pay anything. This also assumes that as more
         | and more people reach this point, there isn't demand for
         | congress to change the tax code.
         | 
         | Public loans make up about 92% of all student loan debt as
         | well, so the vast majority of loans are going to qualify.
        
           | HWR_14 wrote:
           | You also get credit for going into public service as well.
        
           | ejb999 wrote:
           | >>What's predatory about public loans.
           | 
           | To some folks, having to pay off their loan, is considered
           | predatory.
        
             | Shared404 wrote:
             | The predatory part is the pushing kids who don't understand
             | finances into taking massive loans with high interest
             | rates.
             | 
             | I've passed on a traditional uni for this because I want to
             | avoid debt, and still get "why don't you go to uni?"'d
             | every so often by family and acquaintance's.
             | 
             | And if the argument is "well, if you don't make enough to
             | pay it, just don't!", as GP appears to be, I don't like
             | spending other people's tax dollars dishonestly -
             | especially not on textbook companies [0] and an expanding
             | administrative staff.
             | 
             | [0] Which bribe and cut-throat their way into forcing $100+
             | payments per student per class per semester. Pirating or
             | buying second hand doesn't even work half the time now -
             | you need the "online access", aka DRM.
        
               | learc83 wrote:
               | >The predatory part is the pushing kids who don't
               | understand finances into taking massive loans with high
               | interest rates.
               | 
               | There's literally lectures and a quiz you have to pass
               | before you can take the loans that explains how repayment
               | and interest rates work.
               | 
               | For public loans the actual amount doesn't really matter
               | because payment is income based. And the cap on lending
               | is around $60k for 4 years, so I'd hardly use the word
               | massive.
               | 
               | >"why don't you go to uni?"'
               | 
               | Of course all this only applies assuming you're American,
               | which I'd guess your not since your friends call it uni.
        
               | Shared404 wrote:
               | > There's literally lectures and a quiz you have to pass
               | before you can take the loans that explains how repayment
               | and interest rates work.
               | 
               | Yes, but they are told their whole life "after college,
               | you'll make enough to pay it off easy, no problem!"
               | 
               | > For public loans the actual amount doesn't really
               | matter because payment is income based. And the cap on
               | lending is around $60k for 4 years, so I'd hardly say
               | it's predatory.
               | 
               | 60k, with an extremely high interest is most definitely a
               | problem.
               | 
               | > Of course all this only applies assuming your American,
               | which I'd guess your not since your friends call it uni.
               | 
               | Nope, I live in Texas. Anecdotally, my group of friends
               | all flip between "school name"/School/Uni in
               | conversation. In this case, I picked uni because I'm on
               | mobile and typing is hard.
        
               | learc83 wrote:
               | >Yes, but they are told their whole life "after college,
               | you'll make enough to pay it off easy, no problem!"
               | 
               | If anything, the predominant messaging today is the exact
               | opposite of that. It also doesn't matter because public
               | loans qualify for income based repayment, so it doesn't
               | matter. If you end up stuck working at McDonalds for the
               | rest of your life, you'll never pay back a dime.
               | 
               | >60k, with an extremely high interest is most definitely
               | a problem.
               | 
               | Current undergrad rates are fixed at 3.73%.
               | 
               | >Anecdotally, my group of friends all flip between
               | "school name"/School/Uni in conversation.
               | 
               | Interesting, (as an American myself) I've never heard an
               | American use uni outside of conversation with Europeans.
        
               | Shared404 wrote:
               | > If anything, the predominant messaging today is the
               | exact opposite of that. It also doesn't matter because
               | public loans qualify for income based repayment, so it
               | doesn't matter. If you end up stuck working at McDonalds
               | for the rest of your life, you'll never pay back a dime.
               | 
               | Unless you do get a job in your field, with enough income
               | that you're supposed to pay it back, but can't. This
               | probably will be less common with the current rates, but
               | as recently as 2012 the interest rates were at 6.8% .
               | 
               | > Current undergrad rates are fixed at 3.73%.
               | 
               | Indeed. I was operating off of the rates from those who
               | took loans in 2012 or before, the current rate is much
               | more reasonable.
               | 
               | > Interesting, (as an American myself) I've never heard
               | an American use uni outside of conversation with
               | Europeans.
               | 
               | I probably picked it up from the internet and spread it
               | to the group, I like saying less syllables :P
        
           | lotsofpulp wrote:
           | > What's predatory about public loans.
           | 
           | It distorts prices and results in a suboptimal allocation of
           | society's resources, and results in people complaining about
           | having a "degree" and having to sling coffee cups as their
           | career.
        
             | learc83 wrote:
             | That's not what the word predatory generally means in the
             | context of loans.
        
               | lotsofpulp wrote:
               | The predation is from voters today to taxpayers tomorrow.
               | 
               | Politician A says they want to help students by paying
               | for their education, or at least some of it. This
               | requires cash flow, which results in more taxes, or at
               | the least, entries into the government's debt figures.
               | Either way it shows up on the balance sheet and can
               | affect tax liabilities today.
               | 
               | Politician B says they want to help students, but they
               | will instead have the government lend money to them, with
               | zero under writing other than the "school" needing to be
               | credentialed by some entity. The cash is spent, but an
               | even bigger asset in the form of the debt is recorded,
               | actually improving the balance sheet. Then you can
               | whittle down whatever taxpayer subsidy is being given to
               | the schools as is, and they can make up for it with
               | tuition increases. Either way, government finances look
               | good, and taxes can even be reduced.
        
               | learc83 wrote:
               | Again "predatory lending" is a standard term, that has a
               | commonly accepted meaning. What you're describing doesn't
               | fit.
        
               | lotsofpulp wrote:
               | Yes, it is not the traditional use of the term. But for
               | me, lending an 18 to 21 year old $200k +/- $50k to get a
               | degree in literature from a non top school would qualify
               | as predatory lending.
               | 
               | The probability of that person digging themself out of
               | that hole and being able to achieve the common
               | expectations of a family, house, vacations, retirement,
               | weekends, etc is pretty low.
        
               | learc83 wrote:
               | You can't get a public loan for $200k. Public loans max
               | out at around $60k. The OP was talking about government
               | backed loans being predatory.
               | 
               | And someone with $60k in public loans most certainly can
               | dig themselves out of that hole, because repayment is
               | capped at 10% of disposable income, and it is cancelled
               | after 20 years.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | lotsofpulp wrote:
               | I was under the impression that private student loans
               | were also guaranteed by the government, but based on my
               | searches trying to source my information, it seems Obama
               | administration changed this since I went to college.
        
               | learc83 wrote:
               | Here's what happened. Federal loans have existed for a
               | long time. The Federal government would guarantee loans
               | made by private organizations. However, these were always
               | "Federal loans", the Federal government controlled the
               | interest rate and the maximum amounts available.
               | 
               | The government under the Obama administration changed
               | things so that "Federal" loans instead of being made by
               | private organizations and backed by the government, were
               | directly distributed from the treasury.
               | 
               | However even before this, there were separate Federal and
               | private loans, and the only way to get to $200k (for
               | undergrad) was to get unsubsidized private loans that
               | weren't backed by the government.
        
               | lotsofpulp wrote:
               | Thanks, I did not know that. What is a subsidized private
               | loan be unsubsidized private loan?
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | devwastaken wrote:
         | Yes, this is the issue right on the head. At a $0 income,
         | federal and state grants + student loans will not cover tuition
         | and housing costs at the most affordable of in state
         | universities.
         | 
         | We can't just look at tuition, but housing costs. The cost of
         | housing sometimes rivals tuition. A fun fact is they make
         | freshmen have to buy $2200 meal plans for their first year.
         | They also prevent freshmen from better housing where they can
         | cook for themselves and save money through food stamps.
         | 
         | Ontop of this part of those grants are work study, you have to
         | work to receive that money. This is again even if you're dirt
         | poor with nothing. You will have to take a second job if you
         | need to buy personal items like deodorant.
         | 
         | The vast majority of students don't fit into this, they come
         | from middle class parents and have to take out private loans.
         | Students have to pay on private loans, so, again, more and more
         | work. I know students working 30 hours a week just to meet
         | living costs and pay what they owe to the University so they
         | are not barred from signing up for classes. These students are
         | not learning what they should be, even though they are very
         | bright hard workers it's wasted because we let universities
         | charge these ridiculous amounts.
         | 
         | It's not as if the unis are using it responsibly, either.
         | They're not funding extracurriculars or programs students can
         | learn more by being involved in. I recall one of our programs
         | having to be funded by professors themselves to go anywhere.
         | There are many different administrative workers that simply
         | don't need to exist. The system has become lazy and
         | inefficient. I recall in HS teachers spent hours grading. In
         | uni - it's largely automatic. Yet we continue to have multiple
         | teachers per subject and give professors just 1 or 2 classes.
         | 
         | If we defund universities they will shape up quickly. Defund,
         | regulate, start firing people.
        
           | learc83 wrote:
           | >The vast majority of students don't fit into this, they come
           | from middle class parents and have to take out private loans.
           | 
           | Private loans only make up about 8% of total student loan
           | debt
           | 
           | https://www.nerdwallet.com/article/loans/student-
           | loans/stude... https://educationdata.org/student-loan-debt-
           | statistics
        
             | devwastaken wrote:
             | The bill infront of me isnt lying. The amount of student
             | loans is not enough to cover the costs, therefore requiring
             | private loans or someone else to pay it. So either all
             | these parents are paying it, or they're taking out private
             | loans. Or, more likely, the stats are collected poorly as
             | they typically are. Same as how unis are allowed to lie
             | about job placement rates.
        
               | learc83 wrote:
               | The fact that you are forced to take out private loans
               | isn't evidence that the vast majority of students are.
               | 
               | College tuitions and housing prices vary wildly, many
               | students live with family, many students have merit based
               | scholarships. Many states have copied Georgia and have
               | lottery funded scholarships that covers the majority of
               | in state tuition for students with a B average in high
               | school.
               | 
               | >Or, more likely, the stats are collected poorly as they
               | typically are.
               | 
               | The stats are widely available along with the data
               | collection methodology. If you want to stick with your
               | confirmation bias that's fine I suppose.
        
               | devwastaken wrote:
               | I've done enough work in data collection and stats to
               | know that generalized statistics are almost always
               | associated with false conclusions that avoid context of
               | their data. An org will not advocate against itself
               | willingly because it's workers like their jobs.
               | Therefore, I trust the bill that _many_ students have.
               | The evidence I have readily available concludes that
               | scholarships are rare, student loans aren 't enough, and
               | students have become cash cows.
        
               | learc83 wrote:
               | >I've done enough work in data collection and stats to
               | know that generalized statistics are almost always
               | associated with false conclusions that avoid context of
               | their data.
               | 
               | There's no context that changes this. Private loans make
               | up less than 8% of all student debt. There are numerous
               | sources available. This isn't in dispute by anyone
               | (except maybe yourself).
               | 
               | Given that fact, the only way your premise, that the vast
               | majority of students take private loans, can be true is
               | if most students take very very small private loans of
               | less than a few thousand dollars.
               | 
               | And even that is demonstrably false. Because we have data
               | that clearly shows that the vast majority of students
               | don't take private loans.
               | 
               | https://research.collegeboard.org/pdf/trends-student-
               | aid-201...
               | 
               | >...that scholarships are rare...
               | 
               | More than 75% of full time students receive at least 1
               | scholarship or grant. Most of them aren't enough to cover
               | the full tuition much less room and board, but they
               | aren't rare.
               | 
               | And in many states have large scholarship programs as
               | I've mentioned where tens of thousands of students in the
               | state get that scholarship.
               | 
               | >The evidence I have readily available concludes...
               | 
               | Confirmation bias is something to watch out for. There's
               | no evidence outside of your personal experience to
               | support the conclusion that "the vast majority of
               | students take private loans."
        
           | BingoAhoy wrote:
           | I've always been curious about who's winning the lionshare of
           | the pie of these gluttonous institutions. Is it
           | administrators? they're an easy scape goat. Does it fund more
           | research, so presumably the PHDs and their research
           | assistants?
        
             | A4ET8a8uTh0 wrote:
             | They are an easy target, but I would argue justifiably so.
             | My ( supposedly non-profit mind you ) university had a
             | president, who paid himself a salary in line with regional
             | bank's president; he was kicked out. Current one is paid
             | less but still high 6 figures. And this is not some
             | prestigious university, where you could reasonably argue he
             | really, really deserves it, because he is running it so
             | well.
             | 
             | I don't know a full answer, but I believe we can start with
             | administrators and work our way through the system.
             | Something has got to give. This system cannot stay as it
             | currently exists.
        
         | rch wrote:
         | It would also help to encourage and support people choosing to
         | attend regional colleges for many fields of study, particularly
         | given that educational content from state universities can
         | easily be made available at the local level.
        
         | hammock wrote:
         | College was once to be reserved for the rich elite.
         | 
         | But central bank and government policies starting in the 70's
         | gutted US manufacturing and took away most of the non-
         | information worker jobs - so there was little else for the
         | middle class to go for a career except first to college.
         | 
         | Hence today.
         | 
         | However, today it's easier than ever to live off the nanny
         | state WITHOUT a career.
         | 
         | What should the role of college be today?
        
           | matt_mb wrote:
           | >However, today it's easier than ever to live off the nanny
           | state WITHOUT a career.
           | 
           | In what way?
        
             | noasaservice wrote:
             | Like the way corporations do, I guess?
             | 
             | PPP was a boon - 'Here is a loan that converts to freebie
             | money for millions of companies'. Where'd the money go?
             | Buying Lambo's and the like.
             | 
             | Or, when can _I_ get a tax abatement for 10 years?
             | COmpanies can because of this mythical  'they create jobs'
             | tripe.
             | 
             | Just look up corporate welfare. And if I was permitted to,
             | I would.
        
             | hammock wrote:
             | Welfare payments supplemented wages by about 8% in 1960.
             | 
             | That figure has risen to about 36% today, a 3.5x increase.
             | 
             | Chart: http://www.mygovcost.org/wp-
             | content/uploads/2011/03/governme...
             | 
             | Source: http://www.mygovcost.org/2011/03/14/the-u-s-as-
             | welfare-state... (the first random example I found on
             | Google)
        
               | _moof wrote:
               | This chart includes Social Security and Medicare. I don't
               | think it makes sense to include retirees in a data set
               | when making an argument about "welfare."
        
               | hammock wrote:
               | You don't have to be retired to receive Social Security
               | or Medicare.
               | 
               | Anyway, do you have some alternate data to consider?
        
         | WoodenChair wrote:
         | > Colleges assumed the trend of charging $25k to $50k per year
         | would be sustainable.
         | 
         | It's worth noting that the vast majority of students don't pay
         | the sticker price because financial aid is provided early and
         | often (beyond just loans). Very few students are actually
         | paying $50k.* [0]
         | 
         | The average net price at a public college last year is $19,230
         | and the average net price at a private college is $33,720. Note
         | that this doesn't just include tuition, but also room and
         | board. So if you're going to public college you're probably
         | paying $20k to eat, sleep, and learn. Plus you generally get
         | some kind of health insurance too.
         | 
         | These averages can be significantly lower still for in-state
         | public colleges and community colleges.
         | 
         | No doubt the massive inflation in college prices is driven by
         | the government loans, and the federal government's policy
         | around them should be modified at best. But we should speak in
         | reality instead of the hyperbolic articles that often just look
         | at tuition which is what most people are familiar with.
         | Colleges below the top tier compete on their "discount rate"
         | which is what percentage of the sticker price does the average
         | student actually pay because almost no students pay the sticker
         | price.
         | 
         | * "The average grant aid awarded per student was $8,100 at
         | public colleges and $23,080 at private schools."
         | 
         | 0: https://www.collegedata.com/resources/pay-your-way/whats-
         | the...
        
         | jeffalbertson wrote:
         | in addition to cost, there is also a feeling I didn't get ANY
         | value from the curriculum. Some majors are great but many give
         | you 0 skills for the real world. I majored in communications
         | cause I had no idea what I wanted to do in life. By the time I
         | figured out I loved software, I had graduated.
         | 
         | The best lessons I learned in college were off campus and
         | developing my social skills (which is important).
        
         | _fat_santa wrote:
         | Thought it's not as glamorous as a 4 year college experience, I
         | highly suggest going to a Community College for the first two
         | years and then transferring to a state school.
         | 
         | I did this and through I resented it at the time, I existed
         | college with around $30k in student debt versus my friends that
         | all has something in range of ($40k to $80k). IMO 30k in
         | student debt is very manageable, currently have the thing paid
         | down to like $12k and I like knowing I can reach into savings
         | at any time and wipe out this debt if need be.
        
           | vanilla_nut wrote:
           | If you happen to live near a decent community college, this
           | isn't a bad idea. But I know a lot of people who did 2 years
           | at community college, and then got screwed over by transfer
           | credits enough that they ended up doing 3 years at a normal
           | college. So the savings isn't quite ideal. I actually went to
           | community college instead of a senior year at high school,
           | and think you should really inspect the quality of the
           | programs at your community college before trying this. For
           | instance, my community college only had a couple of token CS
           | classes, and they basically taught C++ in a C-style (all
           | declarations at the top of the file, no object orientation)
           | as the only style of programming. Not a great way to get a
           | head start on a CS degree. But the math, humanities, science,
           | and social science programs could probably give you a very
           | cheap head start on those degrees.
           | 
           | For the truly frugal student, I would probably recommend
           | something like what I did: take community college or AP
           | classes aplenty in your senior year. Go straight to a college
           | that has the best program for your interests (keeping in mind
           | your interests may change). Graduating in three years is easy
           | enough if you have a semester's worth of transfer credits for
           | gen eds, and classes like calculus and linear algebra in
           | particular are really easy to cover before you go to college.
           | Administration will probably try to make graduating early as
           | hard as possible, but they really won't be able to stop you
           | if you have the credits already.
        
             | balls187 wrote:
             | > But I know a lot of people who did 2 years at community
             | college, and then got screwed over by transfer credits
             | enough that they ended up doing 3 years at a normal college
             | 
             | This was the case for me, though I wouldn't classify as
             | being "screwed."
             | 
             | I attended a private tech school, and they were upfront
             | they would not accept credits for any engineering program
             | pre-reqs (Math, Chem, CS, Tech Comm, etc). However, they
             | would accept "humanities" credits an apply them to any
             | electives required for our chosen degree.
             | 
             | Luckily, I had participated in our schools "running start"
             | so I earned those credits while in high school, and my only
             | intention of taking math at the time was to fulfill my
             | highschool math requirements. I did also take 2-years of
             | mandarin, which my school gladly accepted and counted
             | towards my electives.
             | 
             | All that being said, in Washington state, all publicly
             | funded schools _must_ accept all credits from Community
             | Colleges, AND guarantee admission, so if you are a student
             | looking to attend a state school in Washington state,
             | community college is a very attractive route.
        
             | _moof wrote:
             | A lot of community colleges have comprehensive transfer
             | agreements with four-year schools in the same city and/or
             | state. You can generally avoid getting screwed on transfers
             | if you do a little research.
        
           | wombat-man wrote:
           | yeah, plus you have to knock out some random 100 level
           | courses anyway. If you end up burning a semester of cc on
           | some topics you end up hating it's a less expensive mistake.
        
           | jonnycomputer wrote:
           | I did community college, got a guaranteed transfer agreement
           | to UC Davis, but was admitted to UCLA and so went there
           | instead.
           | 
           | The quality of teaching at the community college often
           | exceeded that at UCLA. Researchers are not necessarily the
           | best teachers.
           | 
           | In my department there were a number of community college
           | transfer students. They were almost always the most
           | ambitious, and ended up going the furthest. YMMV.
        
             | _moof wrote:
             | I had a similar experience. Much better teaching at the
             | two-year school than at the four-year. One of my upper-
             | level professors didn't even teach at all; he just threw us
             | a book, said "read this," and then we didn't hear from him
             | again until the end of the semester.
        
           | ryathal wrote:
           | If you can reach into savings and wipe out your student loan,
           | you absolutely should before they start charging interest
           | again.
        
           | ejb999 wrote:
           | >>IMO 30k in student debt is very manageable, currently have
           | the thing paid down to like $12k and I like knowing I can
           | reach into savings at any time and wipe out this debt if need
           | be.
           | 
           | Absolutely - $30K in debt is completely reasonable imo; if
           | after 4 years in college you have not improved your job
           | prospects enough to cover that payment, then you probably
           | didn't work very hard, or didn't pick a marketable major.
           | 
           | Most of these 'college debt is out of control' stories being
           | pushed in the press, are usually focusing on outliers - i.e.
           | people that borrowed $250K for multiple useless majors and
           | now work at Starbucks because they chose badly. Public policy
           | shouldn't be based on edge cases like this; not do we want to
           | reward people for making bad decisions.
           | 
           | Last I read, the _median_ college debt that people owe is
           | less than $20K, and should be more than manageable for most
           | people.
           | 
           | If we want to fix the college debt problem, focus on getting
           | the college costs down - anything that tries to make it
           | easier to pay for, without controlling the cost side of the
           | equation, will almost certainly cause the cost to go up even
           | faster then before.
        
             | valeness wrote:
             | Assuming 20k in debt is more than manageable for most
             | people really says more about you than it does others who
             | can't pay that back.
             | 
             | The OP said he could just "reach into savings" and whip out
             | 12k. That is an INCREDIBLY privileged position to be in and
             | I would urge you both to re-evaluate your perspective.
             | 
             | People taking care of their sick mother, or paying for
             | expensive medication for chronic illnesses, or living in a
             | poor job market area, or have poor credit due to
             | narcissistic parents taking out loans in their name,
             | battling mental illness, or are paying child support, etc;
             | are not "edge cases". They make up a considerable number of
             | people who are struggling with the compounded failures of
             | the system layered over of them.
             | 
             | It was Margaret Mead who said something to the effect that
             | "The earliest sign of true civilization, was that of a
             | healed femur." This was said because a femur is not
             | something that can be healed without assistance from
             | someone else to bandage you, care for you, and fetch food
             | for you.
             | 
             | What is the point of civilized society and public policy if
             | not to ensure that "edge cases" are treated as equitably as
             | the general public? Why do you not have the same mentality
             | when somebody breaks a leg? Why should society care for the
             | outcomes of poor decision making: for example, such as
             | playing contact sports, that results in a broken leg?
             | 
             | Also please quit spewing the nonsense of "didn't choose a
             | marketable major". I see this a lot with STEM grads,
             | shitting on the arts, and then turning around and watching
             | DUNE on HBOMax. Everybody enjoys the work of "non-
             | marketable" majors, but nobody wants to pay for it.
        
               | ericd wrote:
               | People are obviously willing to pay some price for the
               | arts, but perhaps not enough to support all the people
               | who want to work in them at a very high standard of
               | living. It's generally not been a very well compensated
               | field throughout history for a reason.
        
             | Goronmon wrote:
             | _Most of these 'college debt is out of control' stories
             | being pushed in the press, are usually focusing on outliers
             | - i.e. people that borrowed $250K for multiple useless
             | majors and now work at Starbucks because they chose badly.
             | Public policy shouldn't be based on edge cases like this;
             | not do we want to reward people for making bad decisions._
             | 
             | That's quite the story you've created for yourself. I'm
             | sure it makes it easy to dismiss the issue out of hand.
        
               | ejb999 wrote:
               | Not a story at all - check for yourself what the median
               | student debt is - people who owe $250K are outliers, not
               | the average college graduate.
               | 
               | Pushing these $250K horror stories, is self serving to
               | people who want all loans forgiven - even for those
               | people who owe much less, and who can easily afford to
               | make payments; of course people who owe money, would
               | prefer to get let off the hook, who wouldn't.
        
         | standardUser wrote:
         | Public schools average about $10k per year for in-state
         | students. That's a far cry from the $25k-$50k per year people
         | tend to quote when arguing against the cost of college. How
         | important that difference is depends on which state a student
         | lives in. In California there are literally dozens of options
         | including several prestigious ones, whereas many states only
         | have a couple of middling schools to choose from, and out-of-
         | state public tuition averages around $25k/year.
        
           | Goronmon wrote:
           | _Public schools average about $10k per year for in-state
           | students._
           | 
           | That seems low to me. Are you only counting the cost of
           | tuition (and not books, room and board, etc)?
           | 
           | I just grabbed some numbers for NH, one site says the average
           | for tuition alone is $10k, with another $1.5k for books/etc,
           | and another $15k for room/board. So, unless you are able to
           | commute from your parents, looking at closer to 25k+ in
           | loans, per year.
           | 
           | I also checked UNH specifically, where the numbers are
           | roughly $20k for tuition/fees and $33k all in.
        
           | xhkkffbf wrote:
           | You're thinking of 20 years ago.
           | 
           | Most state schools are easily $20k for in state students once
           | you add in the room and board. Then they try to get $50k from
           | the out-of-staters. Top flight state schools like Michigan,
           | Cal Berkeley and Cornell start at $75k+ for out-of-staters.
           | Of course financial aid does enter the picture for many
           | students.
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | standardUser wrote:
             | No, I am not thinking of twenty years ago, I accurately
             | stated the cost of _tuition_ today, which generally does
             | not include renting a place to live, on-campus or
             | otherwise, or a meal plan.
        
               | Goronmon wrote:
               | Having a place to live and food to eat seems to me to be
               | pretty important part of your education.
        
               | kapp_in_life wrote:
               | But is explicitly not tuition. If you weren't in school
               | you would still need to eat and live somewhere.
        
               | Goronmon wrote:
               | But its still a cost you have to pay for somehow, and
               | since you are, hopefully, going to classes, studying, and
               | doing homework, you are largely preventing from having a
               | job lucrative enough to pay for those things completely.
        
               | ljhsiung wrote:
               | You didn't say "cost of tuition" in your original
               | comment.
               | 
               | Further, I think it's disingenuous to only consider
               | tuition. Cost of living in e.g. Berkeley is ridiculous,
               | literally more than tuition. [1]
               | 
               | (I understand that living is not something Berkeley can
               | fix, but it's very much their problem and a concern on
               | students' minds, regardless of whose "fault" it is)
               | 
               | To only consider tuition is a cost-shifting marketing
               | tactic that these schools use so you don't focus on the
               | bottom line. Their goal is to get you to attend. Period.
               | 
               | Let's look at a less prestigious school-- UCSB tuition is
               | about 12k, but total cost might be 24k (official estimate
               | says 32k [2], but I have the random fees they have to not
               | be applicable, e.g. "campus fees" or "books")
               | 
               | [1] https://admissions.berkeley.edu/cost
               | 
               | [2] https://www.finaid.ucsb.edu/cost-of-attendance
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | iskander wrote:
               | I went to UIUC and paid ~$6k / year in-state (not
               | including living costs). That has now increased
               | dramatically to ~$20k/year. And, obviously, you still
               | have to pay for living costs while you're a student and
               | the part-time jobs typically available to you don't pay
               | very much.
        
           | NobodyNada wrote:
           | > Public schools average about $10k per year for in-state
           | students.
           | 
           | Where is that? At my school (Oregon State University) in-
           | state tuition is $13k, and room & board is an additional $13k
           | (which is way overpriced -- more than double what you'd pay
           | in rent & groceries living off-campus, but all first-year
           | students are required to live in the dorms). And out-of-state
           | tuition is triple the in-state rate. So that $25k-50k
           | estimate is exactly on-point here.
        
           | simplestats wrote:
           | Depends how you look at it. If you're from a poor state, you
           | can get into a solid flagship school (including medical
           | school) even if you could never get in to places with single-
           | digit admissions (like the top tier ofCalifornia schools).
           | Whereas people who would be able get into the high-ranked
           | California Universities can probably get full scholarships to
           | solid out-of-state private schools too.
        
         | bagacrap wrote:
         | The loans are exactly why the colleges were able to continue
         | jacking up the prices. As with homes, people will pay as much
         | as institutions are willing to loan them. In both cases the
         | currently low interest rates allow the loan principal to be
         | much higher (given that folks calculate cost based on recurring
         | payments). If you remove the student loan system then tuition
         | would become cheaper. However that does unfairly impact those
         | from economically disadvantaged households.
         | 
         | Also, in-state tuition for state schools is much less than
         | $50k/yr so try going to Cal and/or your best local public
         | school and supplement with self teaching (e.g. via public/free
         | lectures from MIT)? The self directed learning/motivation is
         | the hard part for many people of that age, but few have said
         | living frugally should or would be easy.
        
           | ashtonkem wrote:
           | > given that folks calculate cost based on recurring payments
           | 
           | That's very true for mortgages, but in my experience this
           | isn't how student loans work. Nobody I knew before college
           | had any idea what their loans would cost on a monthly basis
           | once they went into repayment, and I don't think it was
           | disclosed to me (or I forgot).
           | 
           | Also unlike my mortgage, my loans have trivially changed
           | repayment plans. I changed some of them several times based
           | on my economic circumstances without refinancing, which makes
           | nailing down a single payment kind of hard, even if the
           | interest rate hasn't changed.
        
           | joconde wrote:
           | > Also, in-state tuition for state schools is much less than
           | $50k/yr so try going to Cal and/or your best local public
           | school and supplement with self teaching (e.g. via
           | public/free lectures from MIT)?
           | 
           | Unrelated question: does "Cal" mean Berkeley here? Do you
           | really need to "supplement it with self-teaching"? I don't
           | really understand why state schools are viewed that way,
           | since Berkeley consistently ranks world top-10.
        
             | aerostable_slug wrote:
             | Yes, "Cal" means UC Berkeley, the first University of
             | California.
        
           | 2OEH8eoCRo0 wrote:
           | I wonder what would happen if banks could deny student loans.
           | Students would need to prove that they are a good investment
           | but it also means that colleges would have to prove they are
           | good investments as well.
        
           | VampireWillow wrote:
           | Here in Canada the government simply dictates to universities
           | how much they can charge. It seems beyond insane to me to do
           | it any other way, seeing as our entire societies are
           | dependent on getting enough people educated to perpetuate a
           | service economy.
           | 
           | To be fair, this kind of means that universities should be
           | completely public. And although they are for all intents and
           | purposes, in theory they are still non-governmental entities.
           | And that's strange as well.
        
             | chasd00 wrote:
             | with federally backed student loans the US government has
             | told universities here they can charge as much as they
             | want.
        
             | mywittyname wrote:
             | The department of education in the USA kind of does that
             | too. The amount of government-backed loans a student can
             | receive for undergrad is capped at ~$35,000 (it's unlimited
             | for graduate school). It's also graduated, so a freshman
             | can only receive ~$4,000 their first year, and it goes up
             | from there. Grants are given to freshman to cover the
             | shortfall. Also, students/parents are expected to
             | contribute, based on household income.
             | 
             | Most public state schools keep their pricing in line with
             | these caps ($35k in loans + ~$5k in grants). I just picked
             | on Iowa because, and here's a list I found:
             | 
             | https://www.universityreview.org/iowa-colleges/
             | 
             | You'll notice that in-state tuition for all public state
             | schools is around $8k a year. Here's the same for
             | Tennessee:
             | 
             | https://www.universityreview.org/tennessee-colleges/
        
               | Sohcahtoa82 wrote:
               | > The amount of government-backed loans a student can
               | receive for undergrad is capped at ~$35,000 (it's
               | unlimited for graduate school). It's also graduated, so a
               | freshman can only receive ~$4,000 their first year, and
               | it goes up from there.
               | 
               | I believe this only applies to the subsidized federal
               | student loans that don't collect interest while you're in
               | school. The limit on unsubsidized federal loans that
               | start collecting interest right away is much higher.
               | 
               | When I started college in 2009, I got $9,000 in federal
               | student loans for my freshman year.
        
               | mywittyname wrote:
               | https://studentaid.gov/understand-
               | aid/types/loans/subsidized...
               | 
               | Perhaps you were classified as a independent student?
        
           | lumost wrote:
           | Would it really penalize disadvantaged households? I'd
           | imagine that many such students lack a co-signer for these
           | predatory loans, or would be further disadvantaged by a 200k
           | degree that doesn't meaningfully change their economic
           | outcomes in 2022. To make college work you need to pick a
           | dwindling number of high leverage disciplines such as CS,
           | even picking something technical like Chemistry won't yield a
           | return on a 200k degree.
        
             | yxwvut wrote:
             | I think the only tenable solutions are 1) a ceiling on the
             | loan amount tethered to public college costs to increase
             | price elasticity and prevent runaway costs, along with a
             | quota on loans to address the 'future ability to repay'
             | issue with many majors/low caliber schools 2) free public
             | college (or equivalent private college voucher)
             | 
             | Giving out loans with no cap on how much schools can charge
             | and with no ability-to-repay check is a recipe for
             | catastrophe.
             | 
             | I think option 2 is the best equitable outcome but is
             | probably politically unsavory given the heterogeneity in
             | public school costs/quality across states (which typically
             | aligns with political divides).
        
               | lotsofpulp wrote:
               | Option 2 is the only tenable solution. Option 1 is just
               | more of the same we have now.
               | 
               | Either society puts their money where their mouth is and
               | actually pays for people to be educated, or they can
               | choose to keep taxes lower and let people fend for
               | themselves. Either of these options is fine, but the
               | bullshit blank check taxpayer funded loans non
               | dischargeable in bankruptcy is only good for politicians
               | and taxpayers today at the expense of taxpayers and
               | members of society tomorrow.
        
               | lumost wrote:
               | The pertinent question of where the money goes needs an
               | answer. Afaict universities are simply spending money on
               | more things because they can or taking on debt to drive
               | prestige projects.
               | 
               | We know college can be cheaper, Brigham young goes for
               | 5k/yr, European and Canadian schools still charge less
               | than 10k/yr.
        
               | lotsofpulp wrote:
               | The answer would be investigated and evident if proper
               | underwriting had to be done and there was not an
               | unlimited guarantee from future taxpayers to make good on
               | the debt.
        
               | selimthegrim wrote:
               | Brigham and Women's will be delighted to know they
               | acquired a university. Didn't know they turned Mormon
               | though.
        
               | lumost wrote:
               | Oof updated, should be Brigham young
        
               | ryan93 wrote:
               | What do you mean educated. Like 80% of degrees are
               | useless. My Econ degree is a primary example of useless
               | degrees.
        
             | namelessoracle wrote:
             | From what i hear you need at least a Masters degree in
             | Chemistry to get lab assistant style jobs at entry level
             | now :(
             | 
             | And no, they do NOT make good money.
        
           | VikingCoder wrote:
           | Here's what I don't get -
           | 
           | Where the hell is the money _going_?
           | 
           | Are Colleges and Universities pocketing the money? Are they
           | publicly traded and distributing dividends? Are they building
           | rockets?
           | 
           | I know some of it goes back to financial aid, and some goes
           | to football coaches...
           | 
           | But we're talking about so much freaking money, and I just
           | can't visualize where it's going.
        
             | seibelj wrote:
             | On a related note - who in their right mind thinks donating
             | to their college is a good decision? I don't understand why
             | rich people keep donating buildings rather than donating
             | parks to their communities. When I begin to donate money
             | for serious, colleges are getting exactly $0. The money
             | will go to places and people that actually need it.
        
               | pbhjpbhj wrote:
               | When you have an organisation full of people creating
               | worth that you can cream off, you've bought a few houses,
               | yacht, fast cars. You get to a point where you realise
               | you're not leaving anything of value behind and think "if
               | I pay for a university building then I've created a
               | legacy of education for generations to come".
               | 
               | TL;DR it's like a shiny name plaque for billionaires.
        
               | seibelj wrote:
               | I get it - and I agree with the reasoning - but I want to
               | leave a shiny new park with my name on the plaque, not a
               | building in an overpriced university.
        
             | zeppelin101 wrote:
             | A lot of it is going to the administrative staff. They have
             | massive departments, many buildings, and many unnecessary
             | staff members with high salaries. Meanwhile, a lot of the
             | teaching faculty is making a pittance.
        
               | simplestats wrote:
               | Buildings are traditionally paid for by a benefactor who
               | gets their name on it. And the school often ends up with
               | higher costs as a result (and one less parking lot or
               | green area). Such donors are kind of a mixed bag.
        
             | DebtDeflation wrote:
             | It's going to the facilities and the staff needed to
             | support them.
             | 
             | When I was an undergrad in the mid 1990s, the dorms were
             | square rooms with cinderblock walls, concrete floors, metal
             | frame beds, and a simple desk, the cafeteria was like an
             | oversized high school cafeteria, and the gym was a basic
             | weight room. A couple of years ago I received a brochure
             | from my alma mater asking for donations and showing the
             | modernized campus - the dorms were now luxury apartments,
             | the cafeteria was a gourmet eatery, and the gym looked like
             | a Lifetime.
        
             | honkycat wrote:
             | Endowments. They are lining their pockets with it. A lot of
             | Unis are becoming investment firms that happen to
             | supplement their income with a school attached to them.
             | 
             | Sports team boondoggles are a popular way to spend tuition
             | money.
             | 
             | Administrative salary and staffing bloat.
        
             | giaour wrote:
             | Some percentage of tuition dollars are effectively cross
             | subsidizing other students (e.g., masters candidates
             | subsidize PhD students, wealthier undergraduates subsidize
             | other undergraduates receiving institutional grants or
             | discounts, etc.), but the biggest factor in private
             | education has to be the increase in administrative staff
             | and facilities.
             | 
             | The one place is almost certainly not going its faculty
             | salaries. The industry's shift to adjuncts has been great
             | for university endowments but terrible for those who got
             | their PhD in the last couple decades
        
             | _jal wrote:
             | Salary of full-time faculty at American colleges and
             | universities:
             | 
             | 1970-71: $81,798
             | 
             | 2018-19: $88,703
             | 
             | Mean salary of American college and university presidents
             | in 1983: $160,640 (2018 dollars).
             | 
             | Median compensation of private college and university
             | presidents in 2018: $668,000.
             | 
             | Median compensation of public college and university
             | presidents in 2019: $495,808
             | 
             | More, and primary source links:
             | 
             | https://www.lawyersgunsmoneyblog.com/2021/03/university-
             | admi...
        
               | arrosenberg wrote:
               | Now add the Athletics programs to that and you have a
               | pretty good idea of the issue.
        
               | sosuke wrote:
               | nvm
        
               | _jal wrote:
               | The post declares near the top:
               | 
               | "ALL FIGURES ARE INFLATION-ADJUSTED INTO CONSTANT 2018 OR
               | 2019 DOLLARS."
        
               | sosuke wrote:
               | Yup, I didn't look at your source only what information
               | you posted. The "(2018 dollars)" on only one line implied
               | to me the other numbers were unadjusted.
        
               | [deleted]
        
             | samsolomon wrote:
             | FWIW, major college football programs are usually net
             | positive for the school. In some cases they subsidize the
             | other athletic programs.
             | 
             | https://247sports.com/LongFormArticle/Ranking-college-
             | footba...
             | 
             | As far as where it goes, I think a ton goes into new
             | buildings and amenities. I went to Auburn a decade ago and
             | the campus looks completely different. Everything is new
             | and shiny. I assume there are also a ton of administrators.
        
             | paulpauper wrote:
             | A college charging $50k/year does not mean it actually gets
             | $50k/year from said student. The amount paid is often much
             | less than the sticker price.
        
             | Z0rr0 wrote:
        
             | lthornberry wrote:
             | Two biggest drivers are 1) massive declines in public
             | support (for public universities, obviously) and 2) more
             | administrators.
             | 
             | Much of the growth in administration is driven by a
             | significant rise in the costs to comply with federal
             | regulation. Those regulations are not bad--it's the cost of
             | complying with things like disability laws, Title IX, etc--
             | but they require collecting and reporting significant
             | amounts of data, and that isn't free.
             | 
             | There's other stuff too; some colleges do have the lazy
             | rivers and fancy dorms, many colleges lose money on their
             | football program, etc. But those aren't the fundamental
             | drivers.
             | 
             | By the way, in case anyone is wondering, the money is
             | definitely NOT going to faculty salaries. Salaries for
             | full-time faculty have been stagnant for decades even
             | though an increasing percentage of classes are taught by
             | poorly-paid adjuncts.
        
               | ativzzz wrote:
               | > Much of the growth in administration is driven by a
               | significant rise in the costs to comply with federal
               | regulation. Those regulations are not bad
               | 
               | Similar things happen in healthcare. My SO works in
               | pharma and the amount of red tape they are required to
               | navigate significantly increases the complexity of their
               | administrative work and decreases the cost-efficiency of
               | their business, partially passing on the costs to the
               | price of drugs.
               | 
               | Again, like you said, the regulations are not bad (like
               | regulating the types of communication they can have with
               | doctors), but there is a price to pay to keep them.
        
               | whimsicalism wrote:
               | Also, prices aren't visible before hand, so it is more
               | difficult for price competition to work.
               | 
               | Also, medical profession trade unions/cartels (aka AMA)
               | constricting the labor market for medical work.
               | 
               | These things probably could actually be resolved by
               | governmental regulation.
        
               | ativzzz wrote:
               | > These things probably could actually be resolved by
               | governmental regulation.
               | 
               | They could, but I wonder if it would actually improve the
               | state of things. We would then need to increase the size
               | of the bureaucracy (in the government and in each
               | institution that does any of these things) to meet these
               | regulations, and given that a bureaucracy becomes less
               | efficient with size it may not actually make things any
               | cheaper.
        
               | whimsicalism wrote:
               | No, I think public prices would definitely make things
               | cheaper. It would also incentivize keeping bureaucracy
               | lean, there is little to no price incentive to do so now.
        
             | rdtsc wrote:
             | > Are Colleges and Universities pocketing the money?
             | 
             | They are. Why wouldn't they? Kids and parents can get
             | massive loans from the government, it would be silly for
             | universities and all their admin staff to pass up the
             | opportunity to enrich themselves.
             | 
             | Universities have started to compete on which ones have
             | more gyms, clubs, luxury dorms, various interest groups.
             | Well, the basket weaving club needs an instructor, a
             | secretary, a janitor, a new facility, a maintenance person
             | for it etc. Some of them may be friends and cousins of the
             | existing administrators, but you're not supposed to notice
             | that too much.
             | 
             | I couldn't stop laughing when I visited my alma mater, a
             | decade later and seeing how they had build a brand new gym
             | with a huge lazy river around it. In my head I could hear
             | the enthusiastic tour guide "Your child can type their
             | homework while floating around in a lazy river, isn't that
             | great!". But then, of course, I realized that it was my
             | tuition that has paid for the lazy river.
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | roody15 wrote:
             | It is indeed interesting. Most major universities look to
             | maximize adjunct faculty and honestly new professors make
             | much less than you think.
             | 
             | My point is I don't think the money is going to university
             | teaching staff at least...
        
               | ejb999 wrote:
               | Can't speak of all schools, but at my local state school
               | (which I attended) - which as far as sports teams is way
               | down on the list of being considered important (i.e.
               | you'll never see them on TV), they constantly bringing in
               | coaches making $1M/year, who then hire a bunch of
               | assistant coaches making $200K a year etc - and then when
               | the teams don't do well - like losing 80% of their games
               | - they fire the coaches (paying out the rest of their
               | contracts) and hire the next million dollar coaches,
               | rinse and repeat - and this is at a state-run school; I
               | would imagine at private schools with top tier teams, its
               | even worse.
               | 
               | There is so many overspending problems its not even funny
               | - and yet the people actually teaching the classes are
               | TA's, probably getting $20K/year, while the professors
               | work on their 'research' and are rarely available to
               | students.
               | 
               | Starting to think the whole higher-education model is
               | hopelessly broken.
        
               | nyolfen wrote:
               | this is a conscious calculation to attract alumni
               | donations -- people who are into their college teams
               | donate more than others, and even more when the teams do
               | well
        
               | ryathal wrote:
               | Sports are generally separate from the rest of the
               | university budget. It's not tuition dollars that are
               | paying the coach, it's season tickets, TV contracts, and
               | donors. Men's football/basketball makes obscene money for
               | the big schools, and the little schools get paid to be
               | beat up by the big schools. The reports that sports don't
               | make money are like how movies don't make money, it's
               | largely creative accounting not actual losses.
        
               | larkost wrote:
               | Hollywood accounting only works because the producers are
               | taking the profits out by spending the money on outside
               | firms that they get a piece of. That does not work in
               | college sports: they are just plain losing money...
               | except for the coaches and he staff who are making it
               | hand over foot (even on the small schools with horrible
               | records).
               | 
               | The vast majority of college sports programs in the U.S.
               | are losing a lot of money for the school. They are
               | operating at a detriment to the school's main goal of
               | learning.
        
               | ryathal wrote:
               | They "lose" money because they offer more than men's
               | basketball and football. Those two sports finance
               | everything else, it's easy to document millions in losses
               | for swimming, soccer, track, field, baseball, softball,
               | tennis, golf, and everything else.
               | 
               | Also a Universities goal of learning is research, not
               | teaching, especially not undergrad teaching.
        
               | AlanSE wrote:
               | This has always seemed like a weird defense of college
               | sports to me, because college swimming, soccer, etc. are
               | still an elite cadre of extremely physically fit young
               | people.
               | 
               | Maintaining physical health is huge, but the demographic
               | that needs to be targeted is lower performance level that
               | club sports. Even THOSE are quite competitive. Even the
               | (very fit) people who participate often cease physical
               | activity and healthy eating soon after graduation.
               | 
               | On the other hand, subsidizing college gym facilities
               | does tend to reach most of the student body. Required
               | athletics classes is even more effective and pays long-
               | term dividends (if they haven't been canceled due to
               | COVID by now). But even more-so than that, consistent
               | physical activity for grade school and high school would
               | be even better from a whole society perspective.
        
             | logicalmonster wrote:
             | > But we're talking about so much freaking money, and I
             | just can't visualize where it's going.
             | 
             | I'd bet a lot of it comes down to how modern values are
             | implemented.
             | 
             | Being kind and embracing meritocracy should be completely
             | free.
             | 
             | But adding a department of "Diversity, Equity, and
             | Inclusion" isn't.
        
             | bargle0 wrote:
             | Administration salaries and buildings. Just because that
             | new building cost $200M, it doesn't mean the guy's name
             | who's on it donated all of that.
             | 
             | Where football coaches have very large salaries (EDIT:
             | compared to peer schools), those salaries are paid by
             | athletic department revenue and boosters.
        
               | rdtwo wrote:
               | The guy probably did donate all of that but keeping these
               | buildings open running and maintained with university
               | maintenance workers is expensive as heck
        
             | jmrm wrote:
             | Adding to all the other comments: Universities in the US
             | are profit companies that pay taxes like if they were
             | charity NGOs
        
             | connorgreenwell wrote:
             | Armies of administrators, shiny new amenities to attract
             | more students (competing on quality of education is too
             | difficult / more expensive). There's probably some good
             | that it goes towards too, but its hard not to be cynical
             | about it.
        
               | vgeek wrote:
               | I was a one of two developers at a small relatively
               | unknown private college (costs over $70k and wasn't even
               | top 5 in this state) in a communications (see: marketing
               | B team for admissions, mostly PR and crisis response)
               | department of around 15. I cannot emphasize how inept and
               | slow everyone was. Simple tasks took 10x longer than they
               | should. There were 3-4 people dedicated solely to
               | managing contractors for the bi-annual magazine that
               | likely gets tossed by 90% of the recipients, then people
               | whose sole job was to manage an ad agency in a committee
               | with at least 4 other people. They were in the 6 month
               | process of launching a 5 page WP site for the newly
               | funded careers institute that had ~15 employees to try
               | and help graduates find jobs paying more than $15/hr with
               | their newly minted liberal arts degrees when I finally
               | left. Their solution for making soon/new graduates more
               | employable? Linkedin courses for specific skills like
               | digital marketing, Excel and microcertificates through
               | external resources.
               | 
               | Then there are other leaks, like $50k/yr hosting bills
               | for a CMS serving under 200k pageviews per day, or other
               | ancillary a11y compliance tools that cost nearly as much.
               | If there is budget, it _has_ to be spent.
        
               | FredPret wrote:
               | In the past, people with sinecures could just go home and
               | spend their time painting or composing poetry or
               | inventing scientific disciplines or something else not-
               | entirely-useless. Now they're managing contractors by
               | committee! How soul-deadening.
        
               | travisgriggs wrote:
               | Pournelle's iron law of bureaucracy at play again.
               | 
               | At this point, my feeling is that the local
               | maximumizations that have driven us to this point are
               | irrecoverable. There is no "fixing" this system. It will
               | carry on for a while yet out of momentum, but something
               | disruptive will dethrone it eventually.
        
             | fnord77 wrote:
             | there's been a proliferation of administrators in colleges.
             | the ratio of administrators to professors/instructors has
             | been steadily climbing since the 70s.
        
             | seltzered_ wrote:
             | I don't necessarily agree with SSC, but he dived a bit into
             | this as 'cost disease' years ago:
             | https://slatestarcodex.com/2017/02/09/considerations-on-
             | cost...
        
             | scarecrowbob wrote:
             | The answer I get from my friends in the higher ed business
             | are that the costs are covering decreased investment by
             | state level government in colleges and universities.
             | 
             | On one hand, I am not sure I agree. My son is going to the
             | same state university I went to, and it's substantial more
             | expensive, but they 've also built a ton of infrastructure
             | that I find questionable.
             | 
             | On the other hand, I don't really have data and when I look
             | for it I find articles like
             | https://www.cbpp.org/research/state-budget-and-tax/state-
             | hig... :
             | 
             | "Deep state cuts in funding for higher education over the
             | last decade have contributed to rapid, significant tuition
             | increases and pushed more of the costs of college to
             | students, making it harder for them to enroll and
             | graduate."
        
               | xienze wrote:
               | > The answer I get from my friends in the higher ed
               | business are that the costs are covering decreased
               | investment by state level government in colleges and
               | universities.
               | 
               | I'd take that with a big grain of salt. They love to play
               | up this angle but I just don't see where funding has been
               | cut at the same rate as tuition has increased.
               | 
               | I remember back when I was in school, one year the state
               | government asked for some belt-tightening, to the tune of
               | a 2% budget cut. Y'know, asking the school to go back to
               | the budget they had like two years prior. The admin
               | started going nuclear, "there's no fat in our budget,
               | these cuts will go straight to the bone!", saying they'd
               | have to cut the entire music department, 10% of all class
               | sections, etc. Even got the students riled up enough to
               | march on the capitol building. Even at the time, being
               | significantly less jaded than I am now, I knew this was
               | complete BS. Ever since I've been very wary of this
               | narrative that colleges are driving up tuition because of
               | state budget cuts. And it didn't help shake my belief
               | when I went back to campus a few years later and saw that
               | they did a complete renovation of the library to include
               | multiple gaming kiosks (!) and other such creature
               | comforts.
               | 
               | Simply put, the schools can basically charge whatever
               | they want and students will pay because any 18 year old
               | with a pulse will get approved for unlimited money so
               | long as it goes toward college. Put limits on student
               | loans and you'll see the situation change quickly.
        
               | saltminer wrote:
               | I feel like it's a bit of a Pandora's box. Once the
               | student loan box got opened and administrators began to
               | realize the incentives at play (for the lenders, e.g.
               | most student loans cannot be discharged in bankruptcy),
               | they saw dollar signs. It's easy to justify tuition hikes
               | when you know most of your students are already taking
               | out loans which they'll basically always get. And since
               | each student is usually only there for about four years,
               | the increases while they're there don't seem significant
               | because their frame of reference is so small. And even if
               | they do realize the highway robbery taking place, what
               | are they gonna do, transfer half their credits to
               | somewhere cheaper and spend even more time in school to
               | finish their degree?
        
           | throwaway5752 wrote:
           | That completely shifts the blame to bureaucracies, and that
           | isn't fair. Loans are where they are because students prefer
           | newer dorms, amenities, programs, and research opportunities.
           | Student competition leads to prestige, leads to demand from
           | employers for graduates from a specific institution. It is a
           | self-reinforcing dynamic.
           | 
           | The fact student loads have special bankruptcy treatment is
           | bad. But absent Sallie Mae (or Navient, whatever it is now)
           | students would be paying whatever Harvard or Stanford asked,
           | and that would determine pricing for the next tier of
           | schools.
        
             | malfist wrote:
             | It's a little rich to blame 18 year olds for college costs
             | skyrocketing don't you think?
             | 
             | Of course students prefer newer dorms, amenities, programs
             | and research opportunities. But asking someone who might
             | have been getting $5/week allowance to figure out how much
             | a newer dorm is worth when the prices are in the 10s of
             | thousands is an impossible task. They don't know how much
             | money is worth.
             | 
             | And then to tell them that they can't discharge it in
             | bankrupcy because they knew what they were getting into is
             | very much bullshit.
             | 
             | And I don't say all this because I have student loans. I
             | was very lucky, I went to a state college with a full
             | tuition scholarship. But I've seen a lot of my peers
             | struggle with student loans because teenagers don't
             | understand fiscal policy, and shouldn't be expected too.
        
               | throwaway5752 wrote:
               | The demand for top tier education drives prices, just
               | like the financing structure for loans for that education
               | drives prices. Excluding one or the other is a false
               | choice. Maybe if risk of default were factored into loans
               | that would change the trajectory of the tuition cost
               | curve. But taking away agency the consumers in the model
               | doesn't lead us to the insights we need to actually fix
               | the underlying problem.
               | 
               | I have a vested interest in this problem. But saying
               | popular things for upvotes isn't going to change the
               | underlying problem of how to allocate scarce resources.
               | 
               | I disagree with you on _" teenagers don't understand
               | fiscal policy, and shouldn't be expected too."_. This
               | isn't fiscal policy. This is a pretty straightforward
               | introduction to being an adult and budgeting. I went
               | through it, too. A mortagage was harder and more
               | daunting. Rental terms on apartments were more predatory.
               | The fact that people even discuss bankruptcy to discharge
               | student loan debt is a horrible sign, given how much of
               | ones' life potential one i throwing away to recover prime
               | loan eligibility.
               | 
               | Also, _" And then to tell them that they can't discharge
               | it in bankrupcy because they knew what they were getting
               | into is very much bullshit."_ - what part of where I
               | wrote, _" The fact student loads have special bankruptcy
               | treatment is bad"_ is unclear?
        
               | joshgrib wrote:
               | I'm not trying to make it black-and-white, there's
               | certainly some degree of personal choice weighing in here
               | - but it's not the core issue and it's probably a
               | distraction. When we realized cigarettes were bad it was
               | partially about informing people, but the main thing was
               | to change marketing laws so you could make sure that
               | wasn't undoing all the good info.
               | 
               | If I give you two loan options with bad terms and you
               | have to choose one, then that is a fiscal policy thing
               | and your choice is ultimately pretty inconsequential. You
               | may be slightly better off than the person who made the
               | other choice but the bad policy is affecting both of you.
               | 
               | Ultimately it's both a policy and a personal choice
               | thing, but as with most society-wide issues the personal
               | choice aspect falls away pretty quickly and we need to
               | get realistic and figure out what a solution is instead
               | of just blaming individuals.
        
               | simplestats wrote:
               | It's a simple economic argument. If students care only
               | about quality, Universities will only care about it also.
               | And improving quality leads to higher price.
        
             | namelessoracle wrote:
             | They care so much about dorms and the food programs that
             | schools have to mandate that the student live on campus and
             | pay for on campus food their first year!
        
             | joshgrib wrote:
             | This is an institutional problem and they should be blamed
             | though.
             | 
             | It doesn't really matter what students "prefer", if a bank
             | doesn't do their due diligence and a student isn't able to
             | repay their loan, then the bank should be losing that money
             | as a bad investment. They won't give a $1M mortgage loan to
             | buy a 50k lot, and likewise won't give it to someone that
             | doesn't seem like they could pay it back. I do think
             | there's value in people getting degrees that don't pay well
             | - but then you shouldn't be getting a loan to do so.
             | 
             | > students would be paying whatever Harvard or Stanford
             | asked
             | 
             | I don't think this is true - people simply can't go to a
             | school they can't afford and people don't have infinite
             | money. We gave the banks the freedom to tell children that
             | they will indeed be able to pay back loans that they often
             | cannot, so it's the bad actions of one organization(banks)
             | enabling another(school). Ivy league schools may be like
             | Veblen goods where increased prices also increase demand -
             | but that can't be true for all schools and we've seen
             | tuition increases across the board.
             | 
             | The solution that seems best to me is to first fix the
             | bankruptcy issue - if someone can't pay back a loan that is
             | a risk the bank is accepting by giving the loan, just like
             | any other loan. I think that alone would probably have
             | enough of a chilling effect that way less people would be
             | able to attend colleges at first and they would be forced
             | to lower tuition rates. That would correct the market going
             | forward, but it doesn't really help people that already
             | fell victim to this system. That seems like it could be
             | remedied by either making interest rates 0 or capping total
             | interest to some amount relative to the principal (e.g. the
             | total amount can never grow to more than 110% of the
             | principal).
             | 
             | Similar to healthcare, I don't think education shouldn't be
             | profitable in the short term - it's a long term investment
             | a society has to make in itself so you can't really track
             | it as an individual investment in any one person. If
             | someone else becomes a doctor I'm still benefitting from
             | that so it makes sense that I'd pay into some of the cost
             | to educate that person. Unfortunately in the US at least we
             | seem to be totally unable to do anything without a short-
             | term and concrete path to profit regardless of the amount
             | of good it would do.
        
               | sokoloff wrote:
               | > won't give [a student loan] to someone that doesn't
               | seem like they could pay it back
               | 
               | I wonder what groups of people might be harmed by such a
               | policy, but I would bet it won't be middle and upper
               | class families who are willing to co-sign for loans.
        
             | vorpalhex wrote:
             | Students don't usually get a choice of dorm, it's often a
             | lottery program.
             | 
             | Research is usually grant funded.
        
               | throwaway5752 wrote:
               | Students tour campuses and look at facilities, including
               | dorms, and that factors into their decisions.
               | 
               | Research may be funded. But research salaries are high as
               | are facility costs and upkeep. There are numerous costs
               | to support a top tier research program and maintain it
               | that are not covered by grants.
        
           | HWR_14 wrote:
           | It's not just loans, it's COVID.
           | 
           | If I were college-age and I were planning on going to college
           | I would certainly do one of two things. I would postpone
           | college until the COVID issues died down -or- I would use the
           | fewer applicants to get into a more prestigious school
           | banking on a better 3 year experience (out of 4) starting in
           | the fall of 2022 and more impressive degree going forward.
           | Either way, I can imagine admittance numbers falling off.
        
             | ryanhuff wrote:
             | Prestigious schools are seeing record numbers of
             | applications, and record low in acceptance rates. If there
             | is a hit in college attendance, its not happening at the
             | top of the food chain.
        
               | causalmodels wrote:
               | True, but prestigious schools are playing games. For
               | example, my alma mater is currently waiving the
               | application fee for students _they know will not get in_
               | simply so they can reject them. It is incredibly fucked
               | up.
        
             | merolish wrote:
             | I do applicant interviews for my alma mater (MIT). The
             | number of students applying has skyrocketed, and it sounds
             | like it's the same for peer schools.
             | 
             | https://thetech.com/2021/03/18/regular-admissions-2025
             | 
             | Tuition has doubled since I went there, but at least they
             | can afford good financial aid for those who can get in.
        
               | wayoutthere wrote:
               | Yeah I suspect people have wised up to the fact that the
               | alumni base of a program matters more than pretty much
               | anything else. So unless you're at a prestige program at
               | a prestige school, college probably isn't going to pay
               | off as well. Thus the piling in to elite universities
               | while overall enrollment drops off.
        
               | magicloop wrote:
               | You've hit the nail on the head here.
               | 
               | Education is primarily a prestige product. Secondarily,
               | the social and alumni effects of the network around you
               | when you attend. Thirdly, it is the college campus
               | experience. Fourthly, it is what you actually learn.
               | 
               | If you just price the value of each of these four pieces,
               | the dynamic in the market is completely explained.
               | Community college still provides learning, but not much
               | on the other three factors. That is, it has become poor
               | value for the fees it charges despite them being lower in
               | absolute terms than prestige schools.
        
               | wayoutthere wrote:
               | The prestige is all that matters. It's really the only
               | chance someone has to achieve class mobility; i.e. a kid
               | from the working class might get into an Ivy League
               | prestige program and rub elbows with the children of rich
               | and powerful people, thus getting access to that network.
               | 
               | But if you're going to a second-tier state university I
               | really wonder if _any_ of those students are getting a
               | positive payback.
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | DebtDeflation wrote:
             | Tend to agree. I did my Masters degree (pre-Covid) as part
             | of a predominantly online program at a large university. It
             | worked out well, but I cannot even begin to imagine doing
             | an undergraduate program remotely and missing out on the
             | campus experience. There's much more to "going off to
             | college" than taking classes, and I fully understand why
             | 18-22 year olds would not want to shell out tens of
             | thousands of dollars to miss the bulk of that experience.
        
               | MikeTheRocker wrote:
               | I'm currently about 2/3 through an online Master's
               | degree: Georgia Tech OMSCS. Same as you?
               | 
               | For me it's been a drastically different experience
               | compared to my in-person undergrad. Whereas my Bachelor's
               | degree was full of camaraderie and formative life
               | experiences, my Master's has been more or less bereft of
               | social or personal growth and focused entirely on course
               | material. This is okay for me since my primary goal is to
               | develop a deeper technical background, but I would not
               | recommend such an experience for your average 18 year old
               | kid who is about to start their first university
               | experience.
        
               | 0xdky wrote:
               | I hope there will be student towns with mostly students
               | taking online courses for the camaraderie and learning by
               | helping out each other.
               | 
               | Apart from the labs, I do not see a reason to go to
               | college to learn.
        
               | brendoelfrendo wrote:
               | > I hope there will be student towns with mostly students
               | taking online courses for the camaraderie and learning by
               | helping out each other.
               | 
               | You just described a campus.
        
               | FredPret wrote:
               | Agreed. About 50% of the value I got out of uni was
               | outside the classroom. Though now I'm good to take online
               | courses as I'm looking for skills, not personal
               | transformation
        
             | treis wrote:
             | >. I would postpone college until the COVID issues died
             | down
             | 
             | What would you do instead?
        
               | dgfitz wrote:
               | Work. Save money.
        
             | archy_ wrote:
             | This makes a lot of sense. I took a couple online classes
             | when I was in college, and despite my efforts, I definitely
             | didn't learn as much as I would have otherwise. THere's
             | something about someone telling you something in person
             | that makes it easier for my brain to absorb, even if it's
             | in a giant lecture hall and you don't go to office hours. I
             | can recall accounting principles (taken in person) far
             | better than material from my project management class
             | (taken online). I took the former for an easy minor and
             | never use what I learned, but the latter has proven much
             | more important in my career, yet I managed to forget it
             | all.
             | 
             | And my online classes were explicitly taken online, with
             | professors who had done online stuff before, not hastily
             | moved online in the midst of a pandemic. Knowing how
             | computer-averse some of my professors were, I can only
             | imagine the transition to online was rough, and I bet I'd
             | be scared away from online classes in college if I had to
             | go through high school like that, even if I got a full
             | ride.
             | 
             | And, as others have said, going to college isn't just for
             | the degree. Yes, that's a big part of it (the expensive
             | piece of paper at the end), but just being able to be away
             | from your parents really helps you grow up and become
             | independent.
        
               | AlanSE wrote:
               | > And my online classes were explicitly taken online,
               | with professors who had done online stuff before, not
               | hastily moved online in the midst of a pandemic. Knowing
               | how computer-averse some of my professors were, I can
               | only imagine the transition to online was rough, and I
               | bet I'd be scared away from online classes in college if
               | I had to go through high school like that, even if I got
               | a full ride.
               | 
               | Universities are moving into a new space by taking so
               | much online, and people will realize that some
               | institutions are better at this than others. MOOCs can be
               | done well, but it is largely not those traditional
               | institutions that will be doing that.
               | 
               | I'm very interested to see if some education disruptors
               | come out of this time.
        
           | zip1234 wrote:
           | At least in a house loan they will check your income and job
           | before giving you the loan. For college they will give anyone
           | a loan for an immense amount of money without verifying
           | anything.
        
             | aerostable_slug wrote:
             | The problem comes in when you try to verify someone's
             | ability to repay the loan. It's not just one's choice in
             | major -- for example, the graduation rate for Historically
             | Black Colleges & Universities is only 35%. There are
             | significant deltas between GPA, test scores, and college
             | success rates between various ethnicities. Further, there
             | are significant differences in the repayment of student
             | loans between various ethnicities.
             | 
             | I would not want to be on the team that does a risk
             | assessment with these facts as inputs, because the results
             | would be politically untenable.
        
           | mdavis6890 wrote:
           | Yes, exactly. One way to help college-age kids go to college
           | if they want to without having the impact that you describe
           | is to just give everybody ages 18-22 $20k per year in cash to
           | do what they like with it. This still preserves their
           | incentive to choose wisely, compare prices and consider
           | alternate options.
        
           | honkycat wrote:
           | > The loans are exactly why the colleges were able to
           | continue jacking up the prices.
           | 
           | This is partly true. The US also DID use to subsidize more
           | University tuition.
           | 
           | However: Agreed. The loans are dumb. They feed into the issue
           | in exactly the way you describe. They should be interest free
           | as long as you are making regular payments.[1]
           | 
           | > Also, in-state tuition for state schools is much less...
           | 
           | This is so thorny... I have a younger cousin, and what he
           | ended up doing was going to a community college for two
           | years, then transferring. It worked out well for him! But it
           | was a gamble.
           | 
           | When I was in school my parents were very obsessed with me
           | "having the college experience" even though we were much less
           | well-off than they were in uni and were not able to support
           | me financially[0]. I say this to point out: I am not
           | advocating for this. College should not be fun! If it is:
           | Great! Glad you had a good time. But that is not necessarily
           | the reality you should expect.
           | 
           | However: I have noticed a lot of people made a lot of friends
           | in Uni, and those develop into professional relationships
           | later in life.
           | 
           | Additionally, if you are an ambitious person, going to
           | community college has the risk of failing to prepare you for
           | higher level university teaching.
           | 
           | Finally: I am an extremely extroverted person. I found the
           | community aspect of going to class, studying with friends,
           | etc. extremely helpful in my motivation and understanding of
           | the material. I've tried to do the MIT classes and such, but
           | it rarely sticks.
           | 
           | 0: Not their fault, not whining. Shit happens!
           | 
           | EDIT:
           | 
           | 1: AS A VERY MODERATE ACCOMMODATION. I'm not advocating for
           | this policy as the end-all-be-all, but I feel like this is a
           | very reasonable suggestion.
        
             | namelessoracle wrote:
             | The issue with student loans no one talks about is that the
             | interest collected on them is already earmaked to help pay
             | for Obamacare and Pell Grants.
             | 
             | If you wonder why Democrats get so hesitant to do anything
             | about the situation there is one of your reasons why.
             | (there are alot more reasons but thats a decent reason)
        
         | hourislate wrote:
         | >Colleges assumed the trend of charging $25k to $50k per year
         | would be sustainable.
         | 
         | I understand that commuting to schools is not available to
         | everyone but State schools are affordable. Entertaining the
         | idea to go away for school either leads to higher costs or more
         | debt. A 4 year degree from UT Dallas landed my oldest a 110k +
         | first job in DFW. His entire degree cost approx 45-50k and that
         | included gas, books, etc.
        
         | jjulius wrote:
         | Cost is the primary reason I dropped out of college, with not
         | knowing what I wanted to do with my life being the secondary
         | reason.
         | 
         | It was about 15 years ago, I was 19. At the time, I was
         | attending community college because I had no idea what I wanted
         | to major in, or what I wanted to do with my life as far as
         | careers go, but I had so much societal pressure telling me that
         | I _had_ to go to college in order to be successful. I 'd tried
         | steering myself towards a few subjects that were
         | hobbies/passions of mine, but every time I dipped my toes into
         | doing something with them professionally, I quickly became
         | concerned about money/profit/work/bosses bastardizing my love
         | for them and opted to keep them as hobbies/passions. 15 years
         | later, I am still enamored by some of those same hobbies and am
         | happy I kept them as such.
         | 
         | While the "goal" was to transfer to a university from the
         | community college, I consistently found myself thinking, "I'm
         | seeing a ton of my friends, and people who graduated HS a few
         | years before me, taking out these massive loans. Why am I going
         | to go into debt if I don't even know what I want to do?". It
         | just made no sense to me, so I stopped. I've been incredibly
         | lucky that I found a career path in an area that I'm good at,
         | and have risen to a level in my career that I'm happy with, but
         | I absolutely did have to work really hard to get here.
         | 
         | All that is to say, not only do I think we put _far_ too much
         | pressure on people to know what they want to do when they 're
         | still too young to truly have that figured out, but I also
         | completely agree with you that cost is the primary concern
         | here. If I didn't have to go into so much debt in order to have
         | continued my college education, I have a feeling I would've
         | opted to keep at it and figure out what I wanted to do along
         | the way.
        
         | shockeychap wrote:
         | I remember reading a while back something like, "It used to be
         | that you could mostly pay for college with a summer job. Today,
         | the only summer job that could pay for college is being Elon
         | Musk."
        
         | paulpauper wrote:
         | College cost less than a brand new car, yet does not lose a
         | third of its value when you drive it off the lot, but rather
         | gains value due to the wage premium and better job prospects
         | overall. There is no crisis of car affordability yet people
         | talk about college being unaffordable even though student loans
         | are cheaper and have much better terms than car loans. Same for
         | credit card debt. Also the price actually paid on tuition ,
         | especially after accounting for generous aid and other
         | programs, is much less than the sticker price.
        
         | snambi wrote:
         | Knowledge and education should be free of cost and barriers.
         | Any society that thinks otherwise, will not be able to sustain
         | and expand knowledge in the long run.
        
       | vvG94KbDUtRa wrote:
        
       | sAbakumoff wrote:
       | why bother? you enroll to a college, you collect a huge debt that
       | the government is not going to cancel - they prefer to give money
       | to corporations instead. covid-19 disrupted in-person education
       | and it's not gonna away any time soon. at the same time there are
       | plenty of crypto startups that don't give a sh*t about education
       | and could be pretty lukrative
        
         | micromacrofoot wrote:
         | the government will actually cancel your student debt
         | eventually (25 years) if you're on an income-based repayment
         | plan
        
         | The_rationalist wrote:
         | Nice trolling with the crypto retardness
        
         | reaperducer wrote:
         | I always chuckle when someone on HN inevitably rails against
         | education in a post with bad spelling, grammar, and expletives.
        
           | CountDrewku wrote:
           | Expletives are a sign of creative intelligence.
           | 
           | Bad spelling/grammar are mostly just due to modern technology
           | where people communicate differently. Those things aren't as
           | important as they once were. You'll see "highly educated"
           | individuals making the same mistakes.
           | 
           | Lastly, there's the possibility you're speaking with someone
           | who is not a native English speaker. Obviously, with your
           | high IQ you should have been able to consider that scenario
           | though ;)
        
           | qlm wrote:
           | You think expletives are a sign of poor education? How dull.
        
             | notreallyserio wrote:
             | Yeah, when combined with the bad spelling and grammar.
        
               | sAbakumoff wrote:
               | Dude I am not a native English speaker and I don't give a
               | flying fck about spelling and grammar and people
               | complaining about it.
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | jjtheblunt wrote:
       | Since statistics statements can look very misleading, I kneejerk-
       | thought
       | 
       | "it could be there are fewer people and thus students, due to
       | population growth slowing or reversing, or it could be it's
       | unaffordable or unpromising?".
       | 
       | I hope it's from slowed population growth, but suppose it's the
       | cost.
        
       | henrikschroder wrote:
       | How come none of the top comment threads talk about what a
       | complete joke university education is currently due to ridiculous
       | corona restrictions?
       | 
       | Everyone is vaccinated, everyone is boosted, everyone wears their
       | little masks, and they're still going remote, quarantining, and
       | forbidding students from doing pretty much anything except sit in
       | their dorms and watch remote teaching material.
       | 
       | Is it any wonder that a lot of students walk away? Everything
       | that makes college fun is forbidden. Why the hell would you put
       | up with that? If I want to sit in my room, not party, and watch
       | education videos all day, why would I pay $50k for the privilege?
       | 
       | This is bullshit, and students aren't idiots, which is why a lot
       | of them are dropping out and postponing their education until
       | universities get their shit together.
        
       | pacbard wrote:
       | This is probably related to teenagers enrolling in college not
       | only for an education but also for the amenities that come with
       | college life (think of greek life, moving away from parents,
       | college sports, freedom to explore your identity, etc.) The
       | pandemic has put a stop on most of all non-academic stuff, making
       | enrolling in college less appealing to this group of students.
       | 
       | It will be interesting to see a follow-up analysis that parses
       | out enrollment behavior by subgroup (e.g., by SAT/ACT score) as
       | it will be easier to understand who is choosing not to enroll in
       | college.
       | 
       | Another follow-up could be to see which institutions are losing
       | students. It is known that college enrollment is counter-cyclical
       | to the economy and that enrollment declines at community colleges
       | and open access universities when people can get a job right out
       | of high school.
        
         | stinkytaco wrote:
         | Most of the amenities you speak of are not available at
         | community colleges, which have seen the biggest decline. The
         | pandemic definitely figures into this, but I don't think
         | amenities can account for the large decline in certificate and
         | vocational training this represents.
        
           | jdavis703 wrote:
           | Community college has also gotten really expensive. I was
           | looking at the price for my alma matter, tuition has more
           | than doubled since I graduated in 2010. The price has gone up
           | faster than my university's tuition, making the community
           | college less competitive. I wouldn't be surprised if
           | economics also is contributing to declining community college
           | enrollment.
        
           | coolso wrote:
           | Community College still absolutely offers a social experience
           | even if it's just being in the same classroom as other
           | people.
           | 
           | And Zoom interactions are still terribly inferior to real
           | life in-person ones regardless of what kind of college you go
           | to.
        
       | tinus_hn wrote:
       | Did people really expect no consequences of asking students to
       | pay full price to watch videos?
        
       | strict9 wrote:
       | This is a good thing. Too many people are entering college and
       | taking on enormous debt to get something which is less of an edge
       | for getting a job.
       | 
       | Worse, many get saddled with debt and don't finish for various
       | reasons.
       | 
       | Meanwhile tuition and books keep skyrocketing as schools divert
       | more of their attention away from academics and toward more
       | profitable uses of institutional time and capital.
       | 
       | But in a bit of good news, more jobs are ditching the degree
       | requirement as workers as more scarce. I am glad the pandemic has
       | opened the eyes of employers to realize that a degree is not the
       | indicator it once was.
       | 
       | Opinion: the self-taught are just as capable in the workforce and
       | college degree requirements are gatekeeping.
        
         | 9dev wrote:
         | Sure they are gatekeeping, but that's the problem. The
         | gatekeeping will continue, artificially limiting access to
         | highly paid jobs to the upper class.
        
         | chickenpotpie wrote:
         | Strongly disagree, a less educated society is nothing to
         | celebrate. This isn't a problem being solved, it's a country
         | giving up.
        
       | kylehotchkiss wrote:
       | There aren't many mentions of international students, many of
       | whom are struggling very hard to get visa appointments abroad. US
       | Embassies are still barely functioning and are not able to
       | provide even the minimum of services they did before covid, if
       | they're even open to the public at all.
        
       | parkingrift wrote:
       | Most of the comments here are attributing this to costs, but that
       | isn't clearly true (at all) from the article. This seems to be
       | the result of a long term downward trend in enrollment which has
       | rapidly accelerated during the pandemic. The fact that it has
       | accelerated so rapidly during the pandemic is not likely due to
       | costs, but due to other factors.
       | 
       | The article itself posits that it is tangentially related to
       | costs as kids are choosing to work rather than pay for school.
       | However, that association feels pretty shaky and doesn't hold up
       | to scrutiny as to why these changes accelerated so rapidly during
       | the pandemic.
       | 
       | I don't have a data-driven answer, either. However, my guess
       | would be that students are uninterested in an online college
       | experience and don't see the value in spending to attend a
       | lucrative school so that they can then sit at home on their
       | laptop. If I had to bet I would guess that enrollment ticks back
       | once all these restrictions are abandoned.
        
       | nostromo wrote:
       | Most comments here are completely missing why this is happening
       | now.
       | 
       | Students don't want to pay tens of thousands of dollars for
       | remote learning. They could watch Khan Academy videos instead for
       | free, and they'd be better quality.
        
         | starwind wrote:
         | Bingo. If I graduated in the last two years, I would have gone
         | to work at a grocery store while taking a couple core classes
         | online while I waited for colleges to get back to normal
        
         | saghm wrote:
         | I was surprised how low this theory was in both the article and
         | in this comment section! The article even opens with talking
         | about the trend continuing fall 2020 (the first school year
         | that began since the shutdowns hit the US), and yet it takes
         | almost halfway down the article to mention "remote learning"
         | and then another big chunk before the word "pandemic" is used
         | (I didn't see "virus" or "COVID" either before then). I'm not
         | saying all the other issues discussed in the article and
         | elsewhere in this comment section aren't there, but given the
         | timeline I feel like any convincing theory has to first address
         | why that isn't the dominant factor.
        
       | voz_ wrote:
       | I know a lot of the comments here are from the lens of money
       | input (as a cost, to pay for education) and output (as a return,
       | on the investment, in the form of a job / career).
       | 
       | However, I wanted to take a step back and offer a different
       | perspective. College does more than teach one a trade. It should,
       | ideally, help the student become a better citizen of their own
       | culture, of the world, and of their community. College taught me
       | deeper empathy, and different kinds of empathy, it taught me more
       | about literature, history, cultures, anthropology. There is so
       | much today that could be improved if, for example, philosophy was
       | a core requirement of every CS curriculum.
       | 
       | Outside of coursework, It taught me how to make friends, and how
       | when I did bad things, I would lose friends. In a way, it is a
       | continuation of high school except with the training wheels off,
       | with all the consequences of adulthood to be tasted for the very
       | first time.
       | 
       | I know it is a privilege to say this, and it is why I am such a
       | huge proponent of free education, but to miss college is to miss
       | more than some academic study in a field. It is to miss a whole
       | chapter of life. To go from high school to labor, without that
       | sweet blissful blend of freedom, stress, and discovery feels like
       | a life not fully lived.
       | 
       | I would love for everyone to experience this, so from this
       | personal perspective, I find that this framing (of money), on the
       | whole, a rather negative thing.
        
       | morelandjs wrote:
       | I think most of us can agree that the bandaid fixes aren't work
       | for young Americans. The system needs a significant overhaul,
       | both financially and culturally.
        
       | hungryforcodes wrote:
       | Is it telling that there is no breakdown by gender? Men seem to
       | have been abandoning education for a while now.
        
         | CountDrewku wrote:
         | Yeah I feel the current education system is set up to support
         | women more.
         | 
         | When gender doesn't exist then that breakdown no longer
         | matters...
        
       | mfer wrote:
       | US colleges have many students from foreign countries on visas. I
       | wonder what the impact of the pandemic is on that segment of the
       | student population.
       | 
       | This isn't likely to hit community colleges, which the article
       | touches on. Just trying to point out that digging deeper might
       | show some interesting details.
        
         | rossdavidh wrote:
         | Certainly has to be a factor, but not many of them were headed
         | to community college, which has seen the biggest drop.
        
         | rkk3 wrote:
         | > US colleges have many students from foreign countries on
         | visas. I wonder what the impact of the pandemic is on that
         | segment of the student population.
         | 
         | The elephant in the room is that those _foreign students_ are
         | also the ones paying sticker price and subsidizing college for
         | the other students, even at public schools.
        
           | [deleted]
        
         | tuankiet65 wrote:
         | From what I've seen , international students who are supposed
         | to attend colleges in 2020 were affected the most:
         | 
         | * Some abandoned their international studies plan and attended
         | local colleges instead.
         | 
         | * Some took a gap year to wait until 2021.
         | 
         | * A minority pushed on and took classes online until they're
         | able to come to the US.
        
       | twox2 wrote:
       | The cost is simply not worth the value, but some state/community
       | schools are more affordable.
        
       | tootahe45 wrote:
       | "It's very frightening,"
       | 
       | No, it isn't. A tight labor market which provides more
       | opportunities for on-the-job training is positive for everybody
       | except those who made their money selling fake tickets.
        
       | falcor84 wrote:
       | I just came here to complain about the grammar of "More than 1
       | million fewer", it took me way too much wheel-spinning to parse.
       | I would have gone with "Over 1M fewer" or even just "1M fewer" -
       | we can handle the lack of precision.
        
       | supperburg wrote:
       | Americans are such colossal idiots. I can say it because I'm an
       | American. They think, god what kind of evil and stupid person
       | would EVER send their kid to private high school? It's stuck-up,
       | snobby, and the education at the free public school is just as
       | good! Oh but in college my children must have nothing but the
       | best and make connections with lots of important people and if it
       | costs us hundreds of thousands of dollars then it's worth every
       | penny and anyone who doubts that is a fool. The disaster that our
       | colleges are in is caused by this fear of missing out, the mental
       | disease of the common idiot. If I had kids it would be the best
       | private schools and tutoring up until college and I wouldn't pay
       | a penny for college unless it was a physics major. If you truly
       | educate your kids from 0 to 18 then they really don't need
       | college.
        
       | sys_64738 wrote:
       | Cost and COVID hitting guaranteed in person learning is what I
       | imagine. I remember thinking online learning was as waste in the
       | mid-2000s. Has it improved?
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | honkycat wrote:
       | Neoliberalism at its finest. Trim the fat until you cut into the
       | bone. And we wonder why we have a staffing crisis in our medical
       | field!
       | 
       | This is BAD. NEWS. for us Americans. How are we supposed to
       | compete on an international scale if we are not training the next
       | generation of knowledge workers[0]?
       | 
       | Part of the thing I always hated about Uni is that it felt
       | very... kamikaze. You have one shot. I had to work during the day
       | and go to school at night and going an extra year was NOT an
       | option for me. It sucked to be on the hook for so much money when
       | society didn't really make any room for me to actually learn and
       | excel in that environment.
       | 
       | I suppose you could join the military. However, the military
       | isn't for everyone. I don't know if would have had the mental
       | fortitude to make it. Also, you lose out on some extremely
       | productive years.
       | 
       | I know a lot of ex-soldiers who have severe disabilities, both
       | mental and physical, from their time in training / on the field.
       | Also, forcing everyone who wants to go into higher education into
       | a propaganda mill isn't exactly a great idea either.
       | 
       | Also, the military doesn't just give you a credit card to go to
       | any school you want. I had friends in school who struggled with
       | the gi-bill system.
       | 
       | 0: A term I an loathe to use, because I do not think other work
       | is "dumb work", but it is a useful short-hand for workers who are
       | working in jobs that require advanced education.
        
       | ravenstine wrote:
       | Most of the college graduates I know ended up not using their
       | degree because they majored in something no one cares about like
       | communications, philosophy, journalism, etc. Maybe some people
       | are figuring out that flipping burgers or literally just hanging
       | out at home is a better use of their time from a financial
       | standpoint than spending 4 or more years taking various
       | prerequisites to get a degree that only results in more debt.
       | Bell curves gonna bell curve, so it's not like all of these
       | people are gonna have what it takes to instead become doctors,
       | lawyers, and politicians.
       | 
       | As far as I'm concerned, besides the fields that deal with the
       | fate of a person's life (like doctors and lawyers), the whole
       | idea of going to college and getting a masters in whatever your
       | heart's desire deserves to be imploded. I see no sense in those
       | saying that we need to "fix universities". Honestly, _fuck
       | universities_ for acting they 're worth as much as they are while
       | still pretending their priority is the students. Everything I
       | learned in college and the different schools I went to can now be
       | learned online or at the library _for free_ or for $29.99. In a
       | few generations, universities will be naturally replaced with
       | more practical alternatives. So why try to prop up these archaic
       | institutions for the sake of the average person rather than the
       | exceptional? Such a desire is more of a fetish for an image of
       | what universities represent.
        
         | reilly3000 wrote:
         | >something no one cares about like communications, philosophy,
         | journalism, etc.
         | 
         | Excuse me? No one cares about fields that employ 2.8 million
         | workers [BLS.gov 2020] ? No one cares about work that provides
         | information, entertainment, and shapes political views? FYI
         | your doctors, lawyers, and politician's biggest expense line
         | items usually include money going to communications and media
         | professionals.
         | 
         | I and many others resonate with the notion of 'useless
         | degrees', but you chose some terrible examples. That said,
         | there is more value to education than vocation, and your
         | inability to see that shows that you missed quite a bit in
         | yours. The classical liberal arts education could and should be
         | continually reimagined for a changing world, but to wholly
         | discount its importance is capitalist orthodoxy that misses
         | much of what life is about. Read a goddamn book.
        
           | ravenstine wrote:
           | > Read a goddamn book.
           | 
           | > [...] to wholly discount its importance is capitalist
           | orthodoxy
           | 
           | Touched a nerve, eh? _You have no clue what books I 've read
           | or how many._
           | 
           | I didn't "wholly discount" the importance of so-named
           | classical liberal arts. But there aren't many good reasons
           | for putting one's self into debt to get a _degree_ in such
           | things. Be honest, liberal arts isn 't heart surgery. Liberal
           | arts can be learned _for free_ if it is the knowledge itself
           | that is of highest importance. The cost of majoring in these
           | areas of studies are hardly congruent with how well they
           | prepare someone to become a part of the world outside of
           | academia and the cost that they bear. Perhaps to certain
           | individuals the cost still is justified by the end result
           | they are aiming towards, but to assume that everyone going
           | into the liberal arts is in college not because society is
           | _cajoling_ them into it would be highly ignorant.
           | 
           | You're mistaking my valuation of the _degree_ for a valuation
           | of the subject mater itself. Are you familiar with the
           | growing amount of student debt in the United States? Liberal
           | arts are no exception, and there 's nothing I'm aware of
           | about fields it encompasses that justifies the expense in
           | both time and debt. It appears to be a racket.
        
             | reilly3000 wrote:
             | > Touched a nerve, eh? That you did heh... I am a pretty
             | ardent advocate for journalism and the people who do it,
             | paid or unpaid. I've also worked in digital advertising and
             | communications, and even spent a semester as an adjunct
             | teaching a mostly vocational course in the same, so I
             | suppose the $1500 they paid me in 2014 makes me a semi-
             | interested party. That said, I've also spent the
             | intervening time with self-directed, mostly free education
             | that has helped me transform into a developer with a
             | Principal Engineer title and I'm all about embracing that
             | form of learning as a general practice.
             | 
             | The ROI for many degrees is abysmal. There's been some
             | really great research on in this area, including my
             | favorite report here:
             | https://public.flourish.studio/visualisation/7583742/
             | 
             | The worst cases from that data approach -$1M ROI. Ouch.
             | Those institutions deserve to be held to account, they are
             | doing a disservice to their students and society for
             | putting people into such economic peril. The term leach
             | seems to apply. I'll even concede that prescribing
             | classical liberal education for all is somewhat
             | paternalistic, even overly anglo-centric. We can do better.
             | Still, I think education is critical for democracy to be
             | functional and as a society its worth investing in.
             | 
             | We're generally on the same page as far as I can tell. But
             | yes, I will become quite cranky if you call journalism
             | useless :)
        
               | lapsedacademic wrote:
               | -1M for a religion degree from Talmudical Seminary of
               | Bobov... where tuition after aid is $7,549.
               | 
               | ...how do you even spend $1M on a religion degree that
               | costs less than $10k/yr?!
               | 
               | Surely this is just actual straight-up white-and-black
               | fraud, or some sort of weird data entry error, right?
        
       | Animats wrote:
       | The product colleges sell is guaranteed entry to the middle
       | class. Since they no longer can provide that, especially at the
       | two year college level, their market is shrinking.
       | 
       | What we need is a better life for the working class, not more
       | college. Start by getting serious about wage and hour laws, and
       | start throwing employers in jail.
        
       | jsiaajdsdaa wrote:
       | Even computer science education does not prep the median student
       | for successfully passing interviews these days.
        
       | Rd6n6 wrote:
       | The news has also been about record numbers of people quitting,
       | changing careers, and going to school. Something is being
       | misreported
        
       | WaitWaitWha wrote:
       | I can see this being a problem for colleges & universities.
       | 
       | Is this a problem for society?
        
       | user249 wrote:
       | I'm not sure why it's so surprising that college enrollment is
       | down when 30% of the country thinks colleges teach cultural
       | marxism and want to turn their daughters into lesbians and their
       | boys into girls
        
       | aquanext wrote:
       | If I had it to do over again, I never would have taken out such
       | big loans; instead I would have opted for the cheapest community
       | college. But I was young and had never managed money before. I
       | had no understanding of what I was signing up for. I actually
       | went to a super overpriced art school ($30k/year) and realized
       | about halfway through that I was never going to be able to pay it
       | back. So I left and started working. That was probably the right
       | decision because paying back $60k plus interest has been insane.
       | I've spent all this time (15 years so far) paying back everything
       | and still have $30k left (all interest!) and I can't imagine if I
       | had to pay back $120k + interest. If I had stayed, by this point,
       | I would have fled to a third-world country and changed my
       | identity to avoid having to pay it back long ago - or killed
       | myself.
       | 
       | It is criminal what they have done to people. Absolutely
       | criminal.
        
       | jdkee wrote:
       | What is also problematic is the gender imbalance on campuses
       | which was further exacerbated by the pandemic.
       | 
       | See https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2021/09/young-
       | men-...
        
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