[HN Gopher] The State of Web Scraping 2022
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       The State of Web Scraping 2022
        
       Author : Ian_Kerins
       Score  : 207 points
       Date   : 2022-01-12 13:03 UTC (9 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (scrapeops.io)
 (TXT) w3m dump (scrapeops.io)
        
       | NDizzle wrote:
       | I still have a daily job running a web scraper I first wrote with
       | Scrapy back in 2017. I think I've had to update it 3 times over
       | the years for changes to the site and web standards.
       | 
       | Good old government sites - rarely change!
        
       | bobblywobbles wrote:
       | Not a lawyer, but many terms of service prohibit interacting with
       | their website in an automated fashion, as well as collecting
       | their data. In my understanding, scraping a site with these terms
       | already puts you in the wrong.
        
         | akersten wrote:
         | > many terms of service prohibit interacting with their website
         | in an automated fashion,
         | 
         | Ignoring the fact that I didn't agree to anything just by
         | virtue of requesting a page from a webserver (and, _your server
         | sent me the data!_ ), that's such a meaningless phrase that
         | it's certainly unenforceable. What is an automated fashion? Do
         | I have to manually craft my HTTP request by hand-pulsing a
         | voltage on an Ethernet cable, or do I have your permission to
         | let Chrome automate that for me?
        
           | RobSm wrote:
           | This is so exactly. People do not realize that when they use
           | chrome to view website, chrome is their 'scraper'.
           | 
           | And the goal of webs craping is not to get illegal data, but
           | to have efficiency and performance by not doing something
           | manually but letting computer do the repetitive tasks. It's a
           | productivity tool. You can't make something illegal just
           | because it's an automation instead of 'manual' operation.
        
         | tommek4077 wrote:
         | Because those terms are the law and cant be ignored in almost
         | all the rest of the world...
        
       | blantonl wrote:
       | I fail to understand why Web Scraping isn't almost universally
       | viewed as unethical and a terrible and nasty business practice.
       | 
       | In almost all cases I view Web scraping as people who are trying
       | to build businesses on top of other people's innovation and data.
       | I know this isn't a popular opinion, so change my mind, but at
       | the same time, I'm one of those business owners that fights with
       | Web scraping constantly and my opinion of it is that those that
       | are doing it to my platforms are doing so solely to steal data
       | and build businesses on top of other's hard work.
        
         | indymike wrote:
         | > I fail to understand why Web Scraping isn't almost
         | universally viewed as unethical and a terrible and nasty
         | business practice.
         | 
         | Scraping is simply a way to get data. I used to run a team that
         | was paid by large government contractors in the US to scrape
         | their job posts from their career portals, and then deliver
         | those posts via email, fax and snail mail to veteran's service
         | officers near the job opening. It was required by regulation,
         | and the only way to get the job data was to scrape.Many
         | enterprise applicant tracking systems did not have a good way
         | to automatically deliver that data or wanted $millions for that
         | capability. Scraping was the best way and in some cases, the
         | only way.
         | 
         | By the way, search engines like Google are scrape data and
         | index it.
        
         | yashasolutions wrote:
         | Google is web scrapper number one, as any search engine. Making
         | web scrapping illegal mean making search engine illegal.
         | 
         | You do not want information to be public and/or free? Put it
         | under login and charge for it.
         | 
         | You want to prevent people to reuse the data you publish to
         | build other (potentially competitive) products, then use
         | licensing and copyright, and the law.
         | 
         | However, banning a technological mean because what a minority
         | could potentially do with it? Then make the internet illegal
         | then and the problem is fixed altogether.
        
           | digitcatphd wrote:
           | Google is a crawler not a scraper, these are two totally
           | different things
        
           | teddyh wrote:
           | NB: It's "scraping", not "scrapping".
        
           | tyingq wrote:
           | Google does do some things that aren't great for website
           | owners too. Like "rich snippets", where they present the
           | information from your page right to the end user, leaving
           | that end user with no reason to visit your site.
           | 
           | And, I imagine, lots of A/B testing geared toward exactly
           | that...keeping them on Google-owned properties.
        
             | wussboy wrote:
             | That always struck me as unethical as well.
        
             | cookie_monsta wrote:
             | Maybe if all the useful content on your site can fit into a
             | snippet I don't want to visit it?
        
               | tyingq wrote:
               | Maybe the useful content is something you don't know is
               | there, so you settle for what's in the snippet. Because
               | you imagine Google's AI surely extracted the right bits.
               | 
               | There's also a sort of diminishing returns effect here.
               | If google trains people that the snippet is good enough,
               | less traffic goes to the site. Eventually, enough to
               | shutter the site, for some sites. Then nobody has the
               | info.
               | 
               | The pattern has already affected Google referral traffic
               | to Wikipedia. Pageviews for Wikipedia are roughly flat
               | from 2012 to today, where they had marked growth prior.
               | 2012 is when Google starting rolling out their knowledge
               | graph that presented Wikipedia data directly.
        
               | cookie_monsta wrote:
               | Yes, it would be preferable if people were more curious
               | and willing to explore topics in depth. But sometimes all
               | you want to know is what's the capital of Moldavia.
               | Ideally the web would be about easy access to relevant
               | information, not a competition for harvesting page views.
        
               | tyingq wrote:
               | Ok. FWIW, I'm not talking about simplistic facts. Rich
               | snippets are often multiple paragraphs. And I understand
               | the distaste for harvesting page views, but websites are
               | hard to maintain without visitors too.
        
           | FinanceAnon wrote:
           | What if Google didn't scrape websites automatically, and
           | waited till users submit their domains to them, to mark that
           | they want to be scraped? I think in that case, most users
           | would still submit their domains there, because they want to
           | come up in Google search. You might want your website to be
           | scraped by some people/companies and not by others, but not
           | have to put everything behind a login screen (which some
           | determined scrapers would still try to breach in some way).
        
         | mrtksn wrote:
         | When I want to do web scraping is because I have an idea to
         | build over the content of the website I would like to scrape.
         | 
         | Let's say you made a recipes website and I would like to build
         | an app that will order the ingredients for a meal.
         | 
         | It would be useful to extract the recipes, so that I can create
         | experiences like users picking a meal and have the ingredients
         | delivered.
         | 
         | I guess I can't show your recipes as it can be copyright
         | infringement but I can link it to you and sell the tomatoes.
         | 
         | Also, despite copying someones work is unethical and likely
         | illegal , there is nothing unethical or illegal to use
         | computers to analyse the data out there. I should be able to
         | analyse recipe publications just as I can measure the air
         | pollution. The web scarping comes in since the semantic web
         | never happen.
         | 
         | I think, we all should be able to use other people's work to
         | build something else on top of it. Of course I do not advocate
         | outright taking it and re-sell it as of ours.
         | 
         | For example, I would like to be able to create an app with
         | Netflix content but obviously I don't expect to be able to
         | stream their content as if it is mine. What I should be able to
         | do is to create an app with an experience designed by me that
         | lets you stream their movies if you pay them.
        
         | KieranMac wrote:
         | There are pro-social and anti-social uses of web scraping. If
         | you have ever used Kayak or any other price discovery or price
         | comparison website, you've relied on web scraping to provide
         | you a service.
        
           | zffr wrote:
           | Also google or any other search engine
        
           | tyingq wrote:
           | I believe Kayak has agreements with the sites they scrape
           | though. So it's a different type of "scraping", really.
        
         | julianeon wrote:
         | Because there would no Internet search - no search engines, no
         | Google Search, and essentially no Internet bigger than a
         | hobbyist DARPA - without web scraping.
        
         | Ian_Kerins wrote:
         | Some web scraping can be unethical, say for example if you are
         | scraping a site solely to mirror their content and add zero
         | value to the original content owner.
         | 
         | However, there are a lot of web scraping use cases which are
         | beneficial to the site being scraped and actually add value.
         | Two examples:
         | 
         | - Google: Ahrefs & SEMRush scrape Google so they can provide
         | SEO analytics to companies looking to grow their companies.
         | Googles keyword analytics aren't great, so Google has
         | effectively outsourced providing a good analytics tool to
         | Ahrefs & SEMRush who products increase the value of the Google
         | SERPs ecosystem.
         | 
         | - Amazon + Other E-Commerce: Amazon wants brands and 3rd party
         | stores to list products on their site, and the companies
         | scraping Amazon to provide product placement tools to their
         | users make it easier and more profitable to list products on
         | Amazon. Leading to more and more companies listing products on
         | Amazon.
        
         | charcircuit wrote:
         | Here are two use cases why I scrape YouTube.
         | 
         | - There is no external API for getting scheduled streams or
         | when they have gone live AFAIK. This lets me be notified of new
         | stuff to watch.
         | 
         | - The API for getting a channel's members is locked down. I
         | applied for access to it 6 months ago and haven't heard
         | anything about it from YouTube so I just scrape it to give
         | members perks.
        
           | joe_91 wrote:
           | Madness that they haven't gotten back to your access request
           | in 6 months!
           | 
           | Why even bother having the API there - so much value can be
           | added by people building on top of YouTube and other large
           | sites, its a shame that most of these large sites do nothing
           | to provide API access and people have to go out of their way
           | to scrape them them...
        
         | JimBlackwood wrote:
         | If we want to take the unethical route, I'd argue not providing
         | an API (paid or free) is unethical and a nasty business
         | practice.
         | 
         | I work for an ecommerce company and we scrape competitors for
         | price information. Should this automated process using API's
         | not be okay, we'll have humans do it. Less efficient for us,
         | more traffic for a competitor. Should they provide a paid API
         | with price information available, I'm sure we'd pay.
        
         | usbqk wrote:
         | I think if you make intangible things public you shouldn't
         | consider them to be only yours anymore.
        
         | Chris2048 wrote:
         | > people who are trying to build businesses on top of other
         | people's innovation and data
         | 
         | How would scraping, say, reddit, differ from the business model
         | of Reddit itself?
         | 
         | > those that are doing it to my platforms are doing so solely
         | to steal data
         | 
         | What kind of data are you talking about?
        
         | kbenson wrote:
         | Do you provide an API, paid or not, for the same data? An API
         | which might even have limitations on use makes scraping a bit
         | less defensible in my mind, but if you're offering something
         | for free to the public and then getting upset when people take
         | and use that free info, maybe free isn't the right business
         | model, or maybe you should look into what those people are
         | using that scraped data for and see if you can offer it better
         | and cheaper.
         | 
         | The best way to stop someone trying to make a buck on your hard
         | work is to go direct to their customers and do a better job. If
         | you can't, what they're selling is something _on top_ of your
         | offering and you aren 't serving that market, and you either
         | should start serving it, or make a deal so the scrapers can
         | continue to do it without impacting your service.
         | 
         | As someone that had to do scraping in the past, and went
         | through having a free open API that served our needs perfectly
         | replaced with an account based one that required we make 100x
         | the queries, it was really frustrating that the company refused
         | to even respond to queries for specific business accomodations
         | to data.
        
         | xrendan wrote:
         | I think it really depends on the application of web scraping.
         | (As someone who does, what is in my mind, ethical web scraping)
         | 
         | - Scraping public information from government websites to do
         | analysis: ethical, it's the public's data
         | 
         | - Scraping to help some companies customers more effectively
         | use that companies product, for example scraping a medical
         | office's insurance claims to help them automate their insurance
         | remittance process: ethical
         | 
         | - Scraping faces to build a surveillance-tech company:
         | disgusting
         | 
         | - Scraping your own website because your internal processes are
         | so broken you can't get it any other way: ethical
         | 
         | - Scraping to just copy someone's data they worked hard to
         | generate to go and resell: unethical
        
           | lambic wrote:
           | The first one here is important. Despite the open data
           | movement pressuring governments to provide their data in
           | easily consumable forms, a lot of government organizations
           | are still unable or unwilling to do so.
           | 
           | Political advocacy orgs rely a lot on scraping to collect
           | political representative data that isn't available through
           | any other means.
        
             | Mezzie wrote:
             | Yes, and so do research orgs. My organization does a lot of
             | scraping because we deal with local election data and
             | that's. Uh. Let's just say that if all counties had
             | websites that were like Web 1.0, that would be an
             | improvement over the current situation.
        
           | msluyter wrote:
           | Re government websites: they're often terrible. I've
           | occasionally contemplated a side project just to scrape and
           | restructure some local/state websites into a usable forms
           | with search and whatnot.
        
           | RobSm wrote:
           | And if you manually copy someone's data they worked hard to
           | generate to go and resell, then it's ethical?
        
           | akersten wrote:
           | So it's really not about the "scraping" here, it's about the
           | kind of business you're building. I don't think any of your
           | definitions change if you simply employed people to check the
           | websites instead of scripts.
        
           | mycall wrote:
           | - Scraping faces to find missing persons: ethical
           | 
           | - Scraping photos to create deep learning VQGAN+CLIP art
           | generator: ethical
           | 
           | .. we can go on and on, but we should all agree scraping is a
           | useful tool that should never be outlawed.
        
           | zffr wrote:
           | > - Scraping to just copy someone's data they worked hard to
           | generate to go and resell: unethical
           | 
           | Wanted to include a slightly different application:
           | 
           | - Scraping multiple websites and organizing data in a new and
           | useful way for customers: To me this would be ethical since
           | it produces new value and does not just copy someone else's
           | data as-is
        
       | KieranMac wrote:
       | As a lawyer whose primary focus is in web scraping, this article
       | is in many ways misleading and inaccurate. While it is true that
       | the Van Buren case is generally positive for web scraping, the
       | overall legal landscape is still murky. The main battleground for
       | web scraping legal issues is shifting from the CFAA to breach of
       | contract and various state-law issues, including
       | misappropriation, unjust enrichment, and trespass to chattels.
       | 
       | In my opinion, 2021 was a bad year for the law as it relates to
       | web scraping. The Supreme Court remanded hiQ Labs, and many high-
       | profile lower-court cases ended badly for web scrapers. It's a
       | darker shade of gray than it was in 2020. It can be navigated,
       | but it's tricky.
        
         | btown wrote:
         | Not a lawyer, but is it at least true that web scraping _alone_
         | would now be significantly less likely to be a basis for
         | federal criminal prosecution under the CFAA?
         | 
         | I'm often reminded of the fact that in
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_v._Swartz the
         | scraped party JSTOR did not desire to press civil charges, but
         | due to the criminal component of the CFAA, this was out of
         | their hands - and the story ended in the worst possible way.
         | 
         | If the current legal landscape at least better restricts
         | disputes over web scraping to civil litigation, it may not be a
         | huge change for how companies look at their risks, but it could
         | make a huge difference for individuals caught in the crossfire.
        
           | KieranMac wrote:
           | Yes, I would agree with that first sentence. After Van Buren,
           | web scraping alone would now be significantly less likely to
           | be a basis for federal criminal prosecution under the CFAA.
        
         | samcrawford wrote:
         | Enjoyed reading your bio on your website. Sub 24 hour at
         | Leadville is super impressive! (Coming from someone who has not
         | managed 24 hours at Western States... Yet...)
        
           | KieranMac wrote:
           | Leadville is just 45 minutes up the road for me, so I'm kind
           | of cheating!
        
         | faizshah wrote:
         | Is there a good blog or something that tracks these cases?
        
           | KieranMac wrote:
           | Prof. Eric Goldman's blog is probably the #1 site
           | historically on scraping and the law. I've contributed to it
           | a few times.
           | 
           | https://blog.ericgoldman.org/archives/2021/06/more-
           | perspecti...
           | 
           | The name of my firm is McCarthy Garber Law. I write about
           | scraping there when I have time (which I rarely do)!
        
         | Ian_Kerins wrote:
         | Interesting!...I'm not a lawyer, so the content for this piece
         | was based on commentary in the below article. Was written by
         | their lawyer, but would love to hear your counter point to it.
         | Always good to get multiple viewpoints on something.
         | 
         | https://www.zyte.com/blog/van-buren-a-victory-for-web-scrape...
        
           | KieranMac wrote:
           | The Zyte article isn't inaccurate; it's just a simplified
           | assessment of a complicated issue. If you'd like a more
           | nuanced perspective on this, please read my guest post of
           | Prof. Goldman's blog.
           | 
           | https://blog.ericgoldman.org/archives/2021/06/more-
           | perspecti...
        
         | digitcatphd wrote:
         | Good take, IMO ethically speaking we should not penalize
         | scrapers themselves but do so based on their use.
         | 
         | Scraping Facebook to make a clone of profiles shouldn't be held
         | to the same scrutiny of scraping Facebook to do an internal
         | analysis of user demographics for research purposes.
        
         | Seattle3503 wrote:
         | Is there a good blog post or summary that I could read?
        
           | KieranMac wrote:
           | https://mccarthygarberlaw.com/a-comprehensive-legal-guide-
           | to...
        
         | RobSm wrote:
         | How many contracts google breaches scraping billions of pages
         | every month?
        
           | KieranMac wrote:
           | Given the nuances of browsewrap contract enforceability,
           | perhaps not as many as you suggest. The tricky part with
           | navigating this gray area is knowing the likely circumstances
           | when a contract of adhesion may give rise to an actual legal
           | claim. There are patterns.
        
       | cblconfederate wrote:
       | Cloudflare's blocks get in the way of many websites who are
       | simply trying to get a "link preview" of the page, even if it is
       | only a single request from a new IP. I wish they would offer some
       | kind of alternative for the pages they serve instead of a captcha
       | block.
        
       | fareesh wrote:
       | My toolbox of choice for web scraping is either Nokogiri or
       | puppeteer
       | 
       | Can someone sell me on beautiful soup or scrapy or any of the
       | others? Do they provide any advantages or features that I'd be
       | missing out on?
        
         | edmundsauto wrote:
         | One great scrapy feauture is caching the page content. So you
         | can essentially write a crawler, and when that's running, you
         | write your extraction code. Then, if you want to go back, you
         | can add more extractors and run it against your local copy.
        
           | fareesh wrote:
           | Ah interesting, I end up doing this manually, i.e. File.write
           | followed by what I want to scrape
        
       | mellosouls wrote:
       | _With the right combination of proxies, user agents and browsers,
       | you can scrape every website. Even those that seem unscrapable._
       | 
       | :
       | 
       |  _This outcome was great news for web scrapers, as it means that
       | so long as a websites has made their data public you are not in
       | violation of the CFAA when you scrape the data even if it is
       | prohibited in some other way (T &Cs, robots.txt, etc)._
       | 
       | Just because you can, doesn't mean you should. It would be better
       | I think if there was a treatment of the ethics here, rather than
       | a seemingly "ra-ra go bots" attitude, as though the only
       | consideration is commercial.
        
         | Terry_Roll wrote:
         | You dont even need to do that, go overt plain sight in yer face
         | and call yourself a search engine!
        
           | joe_91 wrote:
           | Haha I love that people forget how google/bing are out there
           | scraping everything and anyone who scrapes anything for any
           | other reason is a "bad guy".
           | 
           | You can get around some web scraping blockers by just setting
           | your user agent as Googlebot too which I find funny...
        
             | fleddr wrote:
             | No they don't, Google and Bing respect robots.txt. Most
             | websites would open it up to them because they need the
             | traffic, so it's a type of scraping that is beneficial.
             | 
             | Any other scraping, especially when ignoring robots.txt, is
             | unsolicited. And if said website takes additional advanced
             | anti-scraping measures, and you persist in bypassing that
             | too, then to me you're clearly unethical, even if it's
             | technically legal.
             | 
             | "It's public" is a legal defense, not an ethical one. It's
             | public for readers, not for scrapers. It's public within
             | the original context of the website, which may include
             | monetization.
             | 
             | Photographing every page of a book and then reading it that
             | way may be legally allowed, but it's still unethical.
             | 
             | I have somebody in our neighborhood that instead of paying
             | for private trash, takes tiny bags of his private trash to
             | the park and dumps it into the public trash cans.
             | 
             | Legal? Yes. Parasitic behavior? Also yes.
        
               | danbmil99 wrote:
               | What you fail to acknowledge is that Bing Google etcetera
               | have an effective monopoly on search. They can afford to
               | respect robots.txt because everyone wants them to scrape
               | their site.
               | 
               | The first mover advantage is so huge in this case that
               | without allowing scraping, it's hard to understand how
               | anyone could ever compete with these monoliths.
        
               | eli wrote:
               | robots.txt isn't what's keeping a newcomer from
               | challenging Google.
        
               | LunaSea wrote:
               | > No they don't, Google and Bing respect robots.txt.
               | 
               | They don't.
        
               | senko wrote:
               | From https://developers.google.com/search/docs/advanced/r
               | obots/in...
               | 
               | > [...] Googlebot and other respectable web crawlers obey
               | the instructions in a robots.txt file [...]
               | 
               | If you're saying this is a lie, please provide sources
        
               | stef25 wrote:
               | On an eCommerce site I'm responsible for I changed some
               | links from a GET to a POST. "BingPreview" continued
               | hitting those links with GET requests, polluting my logs
               | with 100s of "method not allowed" entries. So I blocked
               | that UA from those links, nothing changed. Banned the bot
               | all together, still hitting my site. This went on for
               | well over a year.
        
               | tomschwiha wrote:
               | I believe BingPreview is acting like a regular user - so
               | it is not behaving like a Robot but like a user.
        
               | autoexec wrote:
               | > Any other scraping, especially when ignoring
               | robots.txt, is unsolicited. And if said website takes
               | additional advanced anti-scraping measures, and you
               | persist in bypassing that too, then to me you're clearly
               | unethical, even if it's technically legal.
               | 
               | I suppose it just comes to down to your own morals, but I
               | see nothing at all unethical about scraping a site for
               | personal use provided that it's done gently enough to
               | avoid DoS or disruption. The idea that saving webpages to
               | read later is parasitic or unethical if a website uses
               | robot.txt to discourage commercial scrapers and data-
               | mining goes way too far.
        
               | RobSm wrote:
               | No. robots.txt is not something that is defined and
               | enforced by the law. Just because someone came up with
               | some 'recommendation' like robots.txt does not mean this
               | is the law
        
               | LamaOfRuin wrote:
               | As a matter of fact, robots.txt is a well understood
               | expression of intent which is legally meaningful in a lot
               | of contexts.
        
               | shukantpal wrote:
               | > Legal? Yes. Parasitic behavior? Also yes.
               | 
               | You failed to make a meaningful counterpoint; the
               | legal/ethical distinction was made clear in the parent
               | post.
        
             | Terry_Roll wrote:
             | That was a cheap way to read the FT.com!
        
               | Ian_Kerins wrote:
               | Haha, nice hack!
        
         | Ian_Kerins wrote:
         | 100% agree, when scraping it should always be done
         | respectfully.
         | 
         | - If they provide a API, then use it.
         | 
         | - Don't slam a website, ideally spread it out over hours of the
         | day when there target audience is least active (night time).
         | 
         | - If you can get cached data from somewhere that works, then
         | use that.
         | 
         | Most developers are respectful and only scrape what they really
         | need, not only from an ethical point of view but also a cost
         | and resources point of view. Scraping data is resource
         | intensive and proxy costs can quickly rise to $1,000-$10,000
         | per month. So most only scrape the minimum they need.
         | 
         | The other thing here as well, is that a lot of the most popular
         | sites being scraped, are also massive scrapers themselves. The
         | big ecommerce sites are being scraped, but they are also
         | scraping their competitors too.
        
           | travisporter wrote:
           | Don't get my home address, name, family members names,
           | salary, cell phone number, aggregate and sell them and claim
           | "it's all publically available anyway"
        
             | RobSm wrote:
             | If you post that data on a public domain, that is publicly
             | available. It's like writing that info on a cardboard and
             | putting it in the town square and then saying 'why you
             | people steal my data!'
        
               | slaymaker1907 wrote:
               | I disagree because there is a difference between posting
               | something publicly for humans and posting something
               | publicly for bots/large scale analysis. I'm ok with my
               | employer possibly being able to see whether I am looking
               | for a new job or not on LinkedIn if that means they would
               | need to have a human looking at my LinkedIn page. I am
               | not ok with them training some ML algorithm to monitor my
               | LinkedIn page to determine how likely I am to leave the
               | company at all times.
               | 
               | Another danger is when public but not easily accessible
               | data is able to deanonymize datasets which is probably
               | the norm rather than the exception for anonymized
               | datasets. Sure there are technical measures to make it
               | better, but at the end of the day I think a lot of
               | privacy is about respecting social boundaries and not
               | breaking these protection measures even if technically
               | possible. Most of the time, these measures are really
               | about keeping honest people honest and not about stopping
               | dedicated attackers.
        
               | LamaOfRuin wrote:
               | I have quite conscientiously never posted most of that
               | information publicly, and yet it is for sale.
        
         | bryanrasmussen wrote:
         | this sort of implies that the 'ethics' would end up meaning
         | that you shouldn't scrape if it is not wanted, although I
         | suppose there can be ethics or other than commercial
         | requirements that mean that you should.
        
       | Ian_Kerins wrote:
       | If anyone has anything else they think was missed or should be
       | included then let me know!
        
       | ok_coo wrote:
       | Time for me to advocate again for people to use Common Crawl.
       | Please don't slam peoples' websites, look for alternatives before
       | scraping. There are probably other, better options. APIs, data
       | set downloads, etc.
       | 
       | https://commoncrawl.org/
        
         | mycall wrote:
         | I wish web.archive.org had an index by someone like common
         | crawl. There is lots of great stuff on archive.org
        
           | kevinsundar wrote:
           | They do and its better than common crawl's by my testing.
        
           | wumpus wrote:
           | web.archive.org has a CDX index, similar to Common Crawl.
           | 
           | Since I use both of these archives together, I wrote this
           | code to iron out the differences between them:
           | 
           | https://github.com/cocrawler/cdx_toolkit
        
             | kevinsundar wrote:
             | Hey! I was using your tool a couple months ago. It was
             | super helpful for my project.
        
         | dewey wrote:
         | I'd guess that for the many popular scraping uses cases this is
         | not really useful as it's usually about being quick and up to
         | date (job postings, availability information, e-commerce,
         | serps,...) not about having a big corpus of historic data.
        
         | jimkri wrote:
         | That is too much data to parse for a simple website scrape.
         | 
         | I do think Common Crawl has a lot of potential for people to
         | use instead of scraping, but I think its for larger projects.
         | It gave me the idea to look at the links to ID if they are a
         | business or non-business website
        
         | weird-eye-issue wrote:
         | Have you used this in real world scenarios? Or is it just a
         | nice hypothetical that sounds great in theory but almost never
         | works in practice?
        
         | joe_91 wrote:
         | That looks like a great resource! How often is the data set
         | "updated"?
         | 
         | I'd imagine most people's use cases need data which can change
         | from day to day or week to week but I do think that this is
         | fantastic if I was to have a project which was looking at data
         | across a longer timeframe.
        
         | LunaSea wrote:
         | Common Crawl is missing far too many URLs for it to be useful
         | in a real world scenario.
        
           | Chris2048 wrote:
           | But can't you _add_ to their index?
        
             | wumpus wrote:
             | No. You can add to the Wayback Machine at web.archive.org
             | via their "save page now" interface... Common Crawl is
             | attempting to be a sample of the web, and doesn't take url
             | suggestions.
        
       | joe_91 wrote:
       | I'm scraping about 30 sites for work at the moment, but have a
       | few that are using Cloudflare which has been a b*tch to deal
       | with. Tried numerous libraries and different proxy providers, but
       | reliability is patchy. Previous fixes like
       | https://github.com/Anorov/cloudflare-scrape don't seem to work
       | anymore after Cloudflare updates, so I've switched to using a
       | pretty optimised headless browser with good proxies instead.
        
         | Ian_Kerins wrote:
         | This has a lot of good info on how to cloudflare and others
         | work, and more creative ways to bypass them if the easier
         | options don't work https://incolumitas.com/2021/05/20/avoid-
         | puppeteer-and-playw...
        
         | emptysea wrote:
         | Is the "pretty optimized headless browser" an off the shelf
         | thing, or something custom? Are you using playwright/puppeteer
         | to drive it?
        
           | mycall wrote:
           | Headless Chrome [0] and alpine-Chrome [1] are pretty popular.
           | Some variations also include V2Ray, Shadowsocks and other
           | VPNs.
           | 
           | [0] https://hub.docker.com/r/justinribeiro/chrome-headless/
           | 
           | [1] https://github.com/Zenika/alpine-chrome
        
           | rozenmd wrote:
           | There are plugins for Puppeteer:
           | https://github.com/berstend/puppeteer-
           | extra/tree/master/pack...
        
         | nsonha wrote:
         | > optimised headless browser with good proxies instead
         | 
         | are you saying you only had problem because you didn't use
         | headless browser before and now with both headless and proxy it
         | generally suffices to not be seen as scrapper?
        
         | nanna wrote:
         | I'm finding that Cloudflare is even blocking my RSS reader from
         | requesting feeds behind their service. It's not even just
         | scrapers at this point.
        
         | temp8964 wrote:
         | I think it will eventually goes to like stock trading. If you
         | have a good strategy, you don't want to share with the world,
         | because it will render your strategy useless.
        
       | newsbinator wrote:
       | Like most here, I am very good at web scraping and automated form
       | fills. I keep trying to figure out a profitable side project or
       | business idea to make out of it and keep coming up with nothing
       | that works.
       | 
       | Any good ideas?
        
         | jconley wrote:
         | I have a project that will be fueled by scraping. We should
         | chat. :)
        
           | chirau wrote:
           | I do tons of scraping as well, let me know if you need extra
           | hands.
        
         | Fantosism wrote:
         | I know many people that follow limited/exclusive releases for
         | things like Yeezy/Air Jordan sneakers as well as PS5's and
         | graphics cards.
         | 
         | They pay $500/mo for access to a bot that will allow them to
         | make these purchases.
         | 
         | Most of the community lives on discord.
        
           | mymllnthaccount wrote:
           | It would be relatively easy to solve this problem if the
           | original supplier wanted the problem to be solved. Instead of
           | releasing a batch of inventory at a certain time, run a
           | raffle over a week or two and then randomly select folks to
           | allow to purchase the item.
        
             | bluedays wrote:
             | Wouldn't a queuing system be more fair?
        
               | mymllnthaccount wrote:
               | By queuing, do you mean first come first serve?
               | 
               | No, that causes the problem. That encourages people to
               | use bots to be the first one to purchase the moment the
               | inventory is released.
               | 
               | I don't understand how a random raffle would ever not be
               | fair (with the assumption that one person gets only one
               | entry)
        
               | Arnavion wrote:
               | That assumption doesn't seem like it'd hold. You'd just
               | replace bot services with package forwarding services
               | that can generate unique PO Box numbers or whatever.
        
           | mschuster91 wrote:
           | I understand people using bots to snipe PS5s and GPUs, these
           | have real economic value and actual usage.
           | 
           | But what other than artificial scarcity drives people to
           | spend hundreds of dollars on bots to snipe _sneakers_?!
        
             | pjc50 wrote:
             | Same as NFTs: hype and resale value. At least you can wear
             | the sneakers once you've stopped flipping them.
        
             | nichch wrote:
             | Economic value and actual usage.
        
               | mschuster91 wrote:
               | What economic value (other than hoping for the value to
               | increase, aka tulip mania) can I derive out of ultra-rare
               | sneakers? What usage that goes above "it looks cooler
               | than an unbranded, otherwise identical sneaker"?
               | 
               | For me, this kind of product is part of the "bullshit
               | economy" - similar to "bullshit jobs", this kind of
               | product has no reason to exist other than vanity, as
               | almost all of these "collectibles" won't _ever_ be used.
               | We are using up valuable, finite resources to create and
               | distribute this kind of useless  "bullshit product", we
               | are using up valuable human time and IT resources on
               | developing websites capable to resist (D)DoS attacks and
               | on developing snipers to bypass the anti-bot technologies
               | employed by the shops, and we are creating a _lot_ of
               | demand for all kinds of sneaker-related crime - and there
               | 's _a lot_ of that: theft and robberies from stores,
               | theft and robberies in the supply chain, ebay
               | /classifieds scams, credit card fraud, robberies on broad
               | daylight [1].
               | 
               | Seriously, _fuck all that shit_. No one needs hundreds of
               | dollars worth of sneakers that only incentivize crime and
               | bullshit.
               | 
               | [1]: https://www.google.com/search?q=man+robbed+because+o
               | f+sneake...
        
             | giantrobot wrote:
             | > But what other than artificial scarcity drives people to
             | spend hundreds of dollars on bots to snipe sneakers?!
             | 
             | There's a whole sneaker collecting subculture. Some buy and
             | wear while others just collect. The big names in sneakers
             | do release limited production models or limited runs of
             | certain color combinations.
             | 
             | Similar to any other collecting subculture.
        
         | stef25 wrote:
         | For a while I had a hobby project that would scrape real estate
         | websites listing properties in my city. Goal was to try and
         | figure out trends, pricing data, find good deals. Eventually
         | the site added those features itself (heatmaps based on prices,
         | for example)
         | 
         | With all that data you can do stuff like make heatmaps from
         | pricing data, figure out the most attractive areas for certain
         | profiles (singles, families, ...). You could then mash up that
         | data to produce things like a "Walkscore" or let people
         | indicate what's important for them (green areas, bars &
         | restaurants, time & distance to other destinations, even crime
         | levels) and then show real estate that meets their criteria.
         | 
         | Some sites in the US already show this but in other countries
         | that's not the case, while the data's all there just to grab.
         | 
         | Most likely it wouldn't be legal and certainly not if you made
         | money from it. But it's incredibly fun and hugely useful. Maybe
         | that could get you started on some ideas!
        
         | Ian_Kerins wrote:
         | You can do it as a service, but that is highly competitive and
         | basically trading time for money. Best ways are to productize
         | it:
         | 
         | - build a on-demand data api for a specific type of data and
         | charge a premium for it. Good example is https://serpapi.com/
         | who do Google data, charge ~10X markup on proxy costs
         | 
         | - proxy solutions make good money. To scrape at scale you need
         | proxies, and lots of users pay $1-5k per month. Lots of proxy
         | solutions doing +$100k per month.
         | 
         | - build a tool that uses web scraped data, analyses/filters it
         | and displays it to users. Lots of the biggest web scrapers are
         | doing this, ex. doing product monitoring products for
         | e-commerce companies, etc. Lots of competition there, but you
         | can do it in new markets, like NFTs, etc.
         | 
         | - hedge funds will pay huge money for web data, if you have 5
         | years of continuous data so they can backtest it.
        
           | chirau wrote:
           | > build a tool that uses web scraped data, analyses/filters
           | it and displays it to users. Lots of the biggest web scrapers
           | are doing this, ex. doing product monitoring products for
           | e-commerce companies, etc. Lots of competition there, but you
           | can do it in new markets, like NFTs, etc.
           | 
           | Do you have any examples of such sites?
           | 
           | > hedge funds will pay huge money for web data, if you have 5
           | years of continuous data so they can backtest it.
           | 
           | what kind of web data would they be interested in?
        
       | coverj wrote:
       | I have been interested in web scraping lately but never really
       | dived too deep. Did anyone have more indepth resources (github
       | projects, blogs, forums, etc) than the tutorials that are
       | basically install beautiful soup and get data from a tag?
        
         | JimBlackwood wrote:
         | Genuine question but, what more do you need?
        
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