[HN Gopher] Toyota to remanufacture cars up to three times in UK
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       Toyota to remanufacture cars up to three times in UK
        
       Author : clouddrover
       Score  : 181 points
       Date   : 2022-01-08 13:46 UTC (9 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.autocar.co.uk)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.autocar.co.uk)
        
       | nobodyandproud wrote:
       | Where the improvement is no longer rapid, I'd prefer the
       | longevity and repair model for things like phones, electronics,
       | and cars.
       | 
       | It keeps a pool of skill locally and of course done correctly it
       | reduces unnecessary garbage.
       | 
       | There's a real temptation for companies to follow the Apple
       | model, however, where the product is designed to be
       | unserviceable; or the cost is prohibitively expensive.
        
       | nikkinana wrote:
        
       | yua_mikami wrote:
       | Does this get around restrictions on new sales of more polluting
       | vehicles (i.e. non-electric) after 2030?
        
         | gambiting wrote:
         | No, how would it? They just sell the same car that's been
         | refurbished - it's a second hand car, not a new one. The ban is
         | on new vehicles only.
        
           | intricatedetail wrote:
           | That's how some companies were going around RoHS. Buying old
           | or damaged stock and rebuilding and selling as "new".
        
             | gambiting wrote:
             | Well I don't think they can legally sell it as new.
             | 
             | Land rover actually did something similar with the V8
             | Defender, they wanted to build one for the 50th anniversary
             | of the defender but there was no chance a "new" defender
             | model would have been been able to go through regulatory
             | approval on that old chassis, so instead they bought
             | hundreds(thousands?) of old second hand defenders off the
             | market, restored them to factory condition and retrofitted
             | them with a brand new V8 engine, gearbox and interior. But
             | those were never sold as "new", your V5C document would
             | always show it as originally registered as whatever the car
             | used to be before the refurbishment.
        
       | alfor wrote:
       | They talk about 'reusing' car up to 10 years!
       | 
       | In Canada Toyota car are used for about 20 years without the
       | manufacturer involvement.
       | 
       | There is very few thing to 'fix' of a less than 10y Toyota in a
       | climate without salt on the road.
        
         | dharmab wrote:
         | A few things I can think of:
         | 
         | - Suspension rebuild. The car will function with old suspension
         | but the ride quality will be poor.
         | 
         | - Servicing of engine internals. A car would be down on power
         | significantly after 10 years of wear and can be restored by
         | adjust valve clearances, replacing seals and piston rings,
         | cleaning parts, etc.
         | 
         | - Replacement of hybrid/EV battery. This is already something
         | owners of old Priuses do to restore their cars' range.
         | 
         | - Repair of damaged interiors, especially seat bolstering. Also
         | deep cleaning and ozone treatment.
         | 
         | - Repainting, especially if the car was stored outdoors where
         | UV light wore the paint
         | 
         | - Hardware and software updates for the infotainment system
        
           | MrFoof wrote:
           | >Servicing of engine internals. A car would be down on power
           | significantly after 10 years of wear and can be restored by
           | adjust valve clearances, replacing seals and piston rings,
           | cleaning parts, etc.
           | 
           | This has been functionally debunked by hundreds and hundreds
           | of YouTube videos by dozens of channels who buy bangers and
           | put them on a dyno.
           | 
           | At 10 years, usually only 3-5% power reduction. 20 years?
           | More like 5-6%.
           | 
           | I'm not talking about spring chickens which were babied by
           | retirees, either. I'm talking cars that clearly have had a
           | hard life with tons of deferred maintenance.
        
           | jacquesm wrote:
           | Do all of these and you are going to lose money on that
           | operation.
        
             | dharmab wrote:
             | Suspension is a few hundred plus labor. Prius battery
             | replacement is $1500 plus labor. Paint can be done
             | efficiently at scale in a factory.
             | 
             | Ship the car overseas for the work and labor costs could be
             | quite low.
        
         | rossdavidh wrote:
         | I wondered if they were talking about battery powered/electric
         | vehicles, and just forgot to mention that part? But it is a bit
         | weird. My Toyota Corolla is 8 years old and runs perfectly
         | without having been "remanufactured" once, and my experience is
         | by no means unusual (from Toyota, anyway).
        
         | Lio wrote:
         | We regularly salt our roads in winter in the UK even if it's
         | not as cold as Canada.
        
           | SV_BubbleTime wrote:
           | Wait until they make the eventual switch to liquid magnesium
           | chloride. Amazing for roads and ice. Pretty awful for rust.
        
             | posguy wrote:
             | Here in Seattle the DOT is proud to salt the roads, in
             | spite of the damage it causes to plants, cars and the dirty
             | runoff it generates.
             | 
             | Considering we didn't let a current mayor make it to the
             | runoffs over his mishandling of snowmageddon a decade ago,
             | I don't think SDOT will be considering modern salt
             | alternatives anytime soon.
             | 
             | It is kinda odd, in snowier rural Oregon they just used red
             | rock cinders to deliver snow and ice traction effectively.
             | But salt seems to be a lower effort solution?
             | 
             | https://www.theurbanist.org/2019/02/06/seattles-salt-
             | addicti...
        
               | mantas wrote:
               | Different use cases.
               | 
               | Salt works great when it's re-freezing back and forth
               | multiple times a day. Stone chips are great when it
               | freezes once and stays for a long time.
        
               | coryrc wrote:
               | Without a sufficient number of snow plows, they can't
               | keep the snow on roads down to an acceptable amount, so
               | just adding traction elements doesn't help. They never
               | even plowed the almost-arterial near my house, let alone
               | my actual road. At least with salt it will keep the snow
               | softer and more likely to be pushed away by traffic.
        
               | mantas wrote:
               | And that mushy mass won't freeze, unless it's -13c or
               | colder
        
           | sharpneli wrote:
           | Salting is useless if it gets too cold. So it's only done at
           | max -7C or so (if memory serves right). Here in Finland the
           | southern parts are a salth bath. But the colder northern
           | parts are not salted, and that shows in the average rust
           | levels of cars.
        
           | samwillis wrote:
           | Salting of roads is only done a very narrow band of
           | environments, the UK sitting in the middle of it. If it's too
           | cold, only a couple of degrees lower than a UK winter, then
           | the salted melt water will re-freeze into deadly black ice. I
           | believe the UK is fairly unique in how much we salt roads,
           | most other countries will grit roads but not salt them.
        
         | throwawayboise wrote:
         | Yeah I had a good laugh at that too. I don't even look at cars
         | less than 10 years old when I shop for a "new" car. Let someone
         | else take the depreciation hit and find all the lemons. I'll
         | pick up a survivor for a tenth of what the car cost when new.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | jacquesm wrote:
           | This is my strategy now too, but I add another decade. That
           | gives me a car with less stuff that can break.
        
       | specialist wrote:
       | A step towards selling mileage as a service. Eli Goldratt would
       | be proud.
       | 
       | Something like BMW's Car2Go is the logical endpoint. I'm curious
       | why that effort seems stalled.
       | 
       | Maybe Tesla's move into auto insurance is the better path.
       | Financially. Free capital, like Buffett did with Geico.
        
       | ezconnect wrote:
       | Yes, the sellers dream of selling the same item three times and
       | making profit three times.
        
       | selimnairb wrote:
       | Would love it if they offered a plug-in hybrid upgrade for my
       | 2018 RAV4 Hybrid.
        
         | sharpneli wrote:
         | Might be tricky, mostly due to how the transaxle works. Even if
         | you find a space for the battery (the 2021 Rav4 PHEV has bit
         | less ground clearance) the electrical motor of that generation
         | might not be able to drive it on faster speeds without the ICE
         | on. For normal city driving it might work just fine though,
         | kinda like the old custom PHEV swaps for priuses.
        
         | throwaway4220 wrote:
         | I'm interested to go down this route - I remember they had
         | Prius plug in kits in the 2000s but they were third party
        
       | heisenbit wrote:
       | Cars are currently used beyond 10 years which is more than the 3
       | cycles talked about here. Almost reads like a scheme to cut of
       | the long tail.
        
         | bnt wrote:
         | More like keeping cars which are intended to be leased/rented
         | in service longer.
        
           | magicalhippo wrote:
           | And make Toyota more money.
           | 
           | At least here, these leased vehicles are sold as second-hand,
           | and often sold once or twice again after that. This works
           | fairly well, and most vehicles live a fairly long life.
           | However Toyota only really makes money on the first sale.
           | 
           | By taking the cars in and refurbishing them, Toyota can make
           | money on the second and third sale.
           | 
           | Good thing is this might make cars be around for longer,
           | which can have environmental benefits. However one potential
           | downside is that older cars are usually fundamentally less
           | safe than newer cars, so it might be detrimental to Vision
           | Zero[1]. I doubt the refurb would drastically change safety
           | features like crash structures, number of airbags and
           | similar.
           | 
           | [1]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vision_Zero
        
             | Normal_gaussian wrote:
             | Toyota injects itself into second and third sales via
             | helping their dealers do countrywide reselling and then
             | offering finance products on it. I assume most
             | manufacturers do similar. When you buy through this you get
             | a Toyota warranty and guarantee, as well as a serviced
             | vehicle and confidence around inspections/descriptions.
             | 
             | The remanufacture stuff sounds a lot more like they reckon
             | there is an ability to increase the quality of these
             | resales - which is highly likely. BEVs want battery
             | replace/refurbs but most second hand vehicles have a snag
             | list that is too much of a hassle for dealers to handle,
             | but isn't that expensive. They are also then given
             | upselling opportunity (towbar / reversing cam / etc.) which
             | would add new margin (and many buyers want).
             | 
             | Of course the main driver is that we are going to soon have
             | large scale sticker shock - going from ICE to EV is PSPSPS,
             | particularly for second/third owner. To lose market share
             | and finance here in the next two decades is likely for any
             | manufacturer, and market share is their main value prop for
             | shareholders.
        
         | hijinks wrote:
         | it really sounds to me that car companies want a subscription
         | model. Where I will never be able to own a car but I rent one
         | for the rest of my life.
        
           | sxg wrote:
           | That sounds great, and I can't wait! Car ownership is a
           | massive pain and time suck for me. Finding and paying for
           | parking, insurance, and maintenance are huge costs in terms
           | of both money and time. Not to mention the fact that my car
           | spends 99% of its life doing absolutely nothing while also
           | representing my single biggest depreciating asset, greatest
           | risk to my health, and substantial cost to the environment. I
           | would gladly offload as much of that as I can to the
           | manufacturer in exchange for a monthly subscription that lets
           | me use a car whenever I need (either rental car or ride-
           | sharing model).
        
             | darkstar999 wrote:
             | Zipcar. Doesn't work well with a regular commute.
        
             | sofixa wrote:
             | What you're describing sounds an awful lot like public
             | transit.
        
             | ghaff wrote:
             | What you're describing sounds like using rental and
             | taxis/"ride shares"/transit for everything which you can do
             | today if your use case/location supports it. Involving a
             | car manufacturer won't change anything fundamental.
        
           | est31 wrote:
           | Yeah this is what the great reset is about. It has advantages
           | and disadvantages. Advantage is less incentives to produce
           | short lived products. Disadvantage is that individuals have
           | way less control over things.
        
           | ghaff wrote:
           | If we ever get to actual autonomous driving, that seems
           | inevitable. A manufacturer can't be expected to own liability
           | unless they also own maintenance and upgrades.
        
             | SV_BubbleTime wrote:
             | Don't worry, they'll find a way to make it subscription
             | based. But also, making the mfg own liability for self-
             | driving is a really interesting topic that will change
             | automotive.
             | 
             | As an automotive EE, I'm much more skeptical about
             | autonomous than almost every other person here, but I look
             | forward to being driven to work just the same.
        
               | ghaff wrote:
               | Oh, I'm as skeptical as anyone--at least outside of
               | certain defined conditions like interstates in good
               | weather. But I don't see how manufacturers _can 't_ own
               | liability (or something like the vaccine pool). If you
               | sell me a car that's billed/approved as fully autonomous
               | (fully, not in the Tesla FSD sense), it sure as hell
               | isn't on me if it kills someone.
        
               | SV_BubbleTime wrote:
               | > certain defined conditions like interstates in good
               | weather.
               | 
               | That's where it is for me. I've been around the world and
               | driven in all conditions. I don't buy blinding whiteout
               | snow, other drivers (Michigan esp)... without vehicle to
               | infrastructure and to vehicle, I don't buy it.
               | 
               | I think the solution to both our topics is it'll be
               | "mostly self driving", maybe that only helps a little for
               | liability.
        
           | jsodw wrote:
           | "You will own nothing and you will be happy."
        
           | Mordisquitos wrote:
           | But surely that business model has already existed for
           | decades. It's called leasing.
        
           | JohnJamesRambo wrote:
           | This is painful to read; Alexa how do I get a thought out of
           | my head?
        
             | tonyedgecombe wrote:
             | Don't read this then: https://www.volvocars.com/uk/care-by-
             | volvo/
        
         | tonyedgecombe wrote:
         | Goodbye bangernomics. Let's hope we do something about the dire
         | public transport in the UK to fill the gap.
        
           | Lio wrote:
           | Better support for local ebike use would go a long way to
           | filling the gap.
           | 
           | Things like good, secure parking and segregated paths.
        
             | _dain_ wrote:
             | It's getting better, slowly.
        
       | simonjgreen wrote:
       | This is a pretty innovative idea, and would add good value to the
       | second and third round owners of vehicles.
       | 
       | I wonder if it would ease depreciation too, making vehicles
       | bought on PCP more affordable, and therefore shifting the bias of
       | sales more towards new. That would help achieve the target if
       | getting ICE car volumes down.
        
       | fnord77 wrote:
       | > In order to extend its contact time with customers "at least to
       | 10 years", Toyota will take vehicles back to the factory after
       | their first use cycle (ie a typical lease contract) and refurbish
       | them "to the best standard" to ensure the second user has as new
       | a vehicle as possible.
       | 
       | I don't understand this. They're saying they'll refurbish
       | customer cars starting at 3 years. But modern cars are still look
       | and run like new after 3 years. Also, a few years ago, the
       | average age of a used car in the US was 9 years. Probably greater
       | than that now. Without refurbishment.
        
         | thaeli wrote:
         | They might mean "put new upholstery and interior plastics in"
         | which, yeah, an off lease vehicle isn't going to be brand new
         | inside.
         | 
         | As someone who runs vehicles for 20+ years, while interior
         | durability has improved, I still do find myself needing to do a
         | midlife reupholstering.
        
       | tompccs wrote:
       | Ironically something which makes this much less viable (unless
       | the cars are exported after being refreshed) are the ever-
       | shifting goalposts of EU emission standards. This is
       | fundamentally what limits the usable life of a car in the UK -
       | many cars end up on the second hand market not because they don't
       | run anymore but because parking and congestion charge costs in
       | certain cities (ie, London), make the marginal cost of buying a
       | new car (which has better emissions ratings and therefore lower
       | tax,etc) and selling the old one much lower.
        
         | switch007 wrote:
         | I think this is overstating the issue, given how relatively few
         | places in the UK have low emissions zones tied to EU emission
         | standards.
         | 
         | Also, as we are no longer in the EU, I would take a guess that
         | many of those EU emission standards are now UK standards. I'd
         | take another wild guess that they are very similar in a lot of
         | respects, and if so, going forward, you can now blame the UK
         | government entirely, instead of the EU
        
       | 11thEarlOfMar wrote:
       | My read is that Toyota is trying to find a way to continue to
       | make money from sales but without strictly producing new cars.
       | Overall, if this program is not extending the useful life of
       | their products, it's not a gain for the environment.
       | 
       | Toyotas have positive resale value up to an average of 210,000
       | [0]. After that point the cost of maintaining them is
       | (theoretically) greater than the resale value.
       | 
       | It seems they are targeting a refresh about every 3 years, and
       | doing that 2 times. The lifetime would then come in at about 10
       | years, which is right in the ballpark of 200,000 miles.
       | 
       | [0] https://www.forbes.com/sites/jimhenry/2014/05/31/toyota-
       | lead...
        
         | posguy wrote:
         | 20k miles a year is significantly above average, most car
         | insurers in the USA were quoting policies based on 1000 miles a
         | month or 10k miles a year this year, same as when I last
         | shopped around in 2018.
        
         | alisonkisk wrote:
        
       | golemotron wrote:
       | Great way to charge new car prices for old cars. This will become
       | normal.
        
       | manomanowicz wrote:
       | Given the rapid improvements being made in electric power trains,
       | this seems like a no brainer. Take for example a 1st generation
       | Nissan leaf which is now being retrofitted with newer battery
       | packs (with improved cell technology) [1]. Currently this is
       | being done by third party companies but I imagine manufacturers
       | are looking to capitalise on this as volumes of electric cars
       | increase. They are definitely best placed to design and install
       | such an upgrade.
       | 
       | There has been a general rise in battery electric drive train
       | retrofitting in classic cars from 60s and 70s so perhaps we could
       | see Toyota refit 3 or 5 year old gasoline/hybrids with electric
       | powertrains as consumer preferences or emissions regulations
       | change.
       | 
       | While Toyota have the car, they could also update a whole host of
       | things to add value. Interiors and car technology seem to date
       | horribly so getting the latest in car entertainment or driver
       | assistance systems could be another potential revenue stream.
       | Cars also undergo 'mid cycle refresh' so Toyota could do
       | something as simple as bumper updates and swap out newer body
       | parts. Generally the under body remains unchanged in a vehicle
       | lifecycle so swapping out headlights and a bumper would be
       | trivial.
       | 
       | The car industry has for a while been in a existential crisis
       | regarding projections of falling sales and lower revenues. First
       | it was the rise of ride sharing removing the need for personal
       | vehicles, next it was the autonomous driving and now it is
       | electric vehicles with longer service lives and improved
       | reliability. For auto manufacturers, they have been looking for
       | other revenue streams. Recently it has been the growth in
       | services - namely subscription services promising vehicle feature
       | updates and access to 'connected' features. The re-maufacture of
       | vehicles with improved battery packs and the electric drive
       | trains along with other vehicle updates is just another area they
       | could create new revenue streams.
       | 
       | [1]https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C4nS_tSQiVQ
        
         | dfee wrote:
         | Do you have more info about retrofitting classic cars with EV
         | technology? This is a very neat concept, but I've not got the
         | best Google-fu to break into this domain, it seems.
        
           | decryption wrote:
           | I don't know where you're located, but in Australia there's a
           | handful of workshops that'll convert a classic car to
           | electric.
           | 
           | e.g: http://ev-torque.com.au/ https://www.evmachina.com/
           | https://www.ozdiyelectricvehicles.com/
           | https://www.evclassic.com.au/
        
       | zitterbewegung wrote:
       | This almost reads like that chip shortages will actually continue
       | to at least 2025 if not longer.
        
         | whazor wrote:
         | What about potential (carbon) import taxes? If you reuse the
         | frame and other parts in the car it saves you quite some money,
         | plus there might be recycling subsidies. Also a battery only
         | lasts 8 years while other parts of the car could easily last 30
         | years.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | posguy wrote:
           | There are plenty of EVs on the road with batteries at 8 years
           | old, some of which have seen minimal range degradation, like
           | most Fiat 500e owners.
           | 
           | For those cars that do suffer from range degradation (eg:
           | 2011 Nissan Leafs), battery swapping has become common, and
           | at a reasonable $3500 and up price point:
           | https://evridesllc.com/battery-upgrade-service/
        
         | intricatedetail wrote:
         | My friend company got estimate for crucial chips back in stock
         | at spring 2027. They had to cancel many products.
        
       | aronpye wrote:
       | Environmentally probably a good idea. From a consumer rights
       | point of view this is going to be bad.
       | 
       | The cynical side of me thinks this is just a way to control the
       | after-market and eliminate third party repair shops and
       | mechanics.
       | 
       | A better way would be to design their cars with right to repair
       | in mind, that way the environment and the consumer benefits.
        
       | samwillis wrote:
       | This is clearly about BEVs, they are much harder for a local
       | mechanic to "overhaul" when the key component, the battery,
       | reaches the end of its life.
       | 
       | I think its great that they are thinking ahead like this, it's
       | also good for the communities where Toyota have factories in the
       | UK. There has been so much talk about how the lifetime of a BEV
       | is much longer than a ICE, bringing them back to the factories
       | for "re-manufacturing" helps to ensure jobs in communities that
       | have been badly hurt by the automotive industry before.
       | 
       | I suspect this is where the whole industry is going to go, the
       | smaller local mechanics are sadly going to disappear but if we
       | see the remanufacturing happening in the countries of use that's
       | at least a plus.
       | 
       | The other thing this does though is further entrench the
       | manufactures in the second hand market and tie yet more customers
       | to their financing plans.
       | 
       | EDIT:
       | 
       | Wanted to add, that this also helps the manufacture keep control
       | of the value in the battery's which is probably the largest
       | single const in a BEV. Remanufacturing the battery's themselves
       | will be massively important.
       | 
       | It will be interesting to see how this effects British Car
       | Auctions (the company) who have a near monopoly on the second
       | hand market.
        
         | rjsw wrote:
         | There is maybe also a market for "re-manufacturing" ICE cars as
         | battery ones.
        
           | samwillis wrote:
           | As much as that sounds like a nice idea ICE and BEV are so
           | fundamentally different I think it's incredibly unlikely.
           | 
           | To properly take advantage of BEVs the drive chain is very
           | different resulting in an incompatible mechanical structure.
           | Also battery's are very heavy (BEVs are significantly heavier
           | than their ICE equivalents) which is why the battery's are
           | placed as low as possible. Retrofitting battery's into ICE to
           | make a BEV would result in a very bad and potentially
           | dangerous weight distribution.
           | 
           | That's not to say there aren't components from an ICE that
           | can't be reused if they haven't reached the end of their
           | useful life (much of the interior for example). However there
           | is already a good scrap market for these and so I think it's
           | unlikely manufactures will do it themselves.
        
             | rjsw wrote:
             | There are plenty of recent TV programmes that show turning
             | classic ICE cars into a BEV, typical range seems to be
             | about 150 miles which would be fine for a lot of people.
             | I'm just thinking that this could be done in a more
             | systematic way instead of custom builds.
             | 
             | The alternative is to completely replace every current car
             | with a new BEV, I don't think this can be done quickly
             | enough or at low enough cost for most people.
        
               | samwillis wrote:
               | Quite right, and there is definitely going to be a
               | cottage industry of ICE to BEV conversions but I don't
               | see it as something that manufactures will want to get
               | involved with due to the compromises needed.
        
             | jethro_tell wrote:
             | You can already buy a battery Ford 351 crate motor and it's
             | a drop in replacement for an ICE, you gotta do the
             | batteries and we need to replace the heater with something
             | electric, little baby heat pump.
             | 
             | Working on doing one now on a truck out at the family farm.
             | I think this is going to be more common as we move away
             | from ICE.
        
         | leoedin wrote:
         | Generally in the UK cars get scrapped because they failed their
         | MOT. Everything tested during an MOT (except emissions, which
         | I've never seen fail) is also present on electric cars. It's
         | basically checking brakes, suspension, lights and body rust.
         | 
         | Maybe there'll be less mechanics, but I doubt they'll disappear
         | because they can't do engine work. Engines are super reliable
         | these days - it's the stuff around them which develops
         | problems.
        
           | michaelt wrote:
           | Well, the article says:-
           | 
           |  _> "I think we're very familiar with the usual two- to
           | three-year cycles that are extremely popular in the UK, [...]
           | Toyota will take vehicles back to the factory after their
           | first use cycle (ie a typical lease contract) and refurbish
           | them_
           | 
           | This article isn't about "remanufacturing" cars at end-of-
           | life - it's about three-year-old cars.
        
             | HeyLaughingBoy wrote:
             | This sounds like the US concept of a Certified Pre-Owned
             | car (at least that's Ford's term for it).
             | 
             | The car is used, often just off-lease, but it's inspected
             | by the dealership and minor repairs are done so it can be
             | resold with the original warranty essentially reset as if
             | it were new.
        
               | samwillis wrote:
               | We have that here in the UK, the thing that's different
               | with this plan it to take the cars back to a factory
               | (potentially alongside new cars being built) to be worked
               | on.
               | 
               | It is much more like how Apple, for example, sell
               | refurbished devices that have been put back down a
               | production line for remanufacturing.
               | 
               | I think the intention is for the remanufactured cars to
               | be almost indistinguishable from a brand new car (as an
               | Apple refurbished device is).
        
               | throwawayboise wrote:
               | I would wager very little beyond a detail cleaning is
               | done to a "Certified Pre-Owned" car. Maybe they give it a
               | mechanical once-over and a quick computer diagnostic scan
               | to be sure it doesn't have any obvious problems.
               | 
               | Make it _look_ as new as you can, sell it at a premium as
               | a  "certifed" car, with maybe a 2-year warranty. Profit.
               | 
               | Even a 5 year old car is very unlikely to have any major
               | mechanical issues unless it has been abused.
        
               | jbluepolarbear wrote:
               | I bought a certified pre-owned Mazda CX-5 and it had new
               | brakes, all fluids flushed, new battery, new serpentine
               | bet, new tires, and many other refreshed replacements and
               | cleanings. It was really only $1000 more than like used
               | CX-5 and came with a new manufacturer warranty. Was worth
               | it in every way.
        
               | rootusrootus wrote:
               | Right, you aren't paying for the inspection, you are
               | buying the extended warranty with a pretty name.
        
               | anonAndOn wrote:
               | Exactly. Those 100 point inspections that are used to
               | "certify" a pre-owned vehicle may include such
               | challenging tests as:
               | 
               | - Car starts
               | 
               | - Windshield wipers present
               | 
               | - Door locks work
               | 
               | - Key fobs work
               | 
               | ...etc
        
             | Closi wrote:
             | It's specifically talking about lease cars too - car
             | manufacturers actually already have agreements with lease
             | companies to take back cars after 3 years, which is a key
             | reason car manufacturers have 'approved used' car sales.
             | This arrangement is particularly common with company cars.
        
               | tonyedgecombe wrote:
               | Is that true, I always thought they ended up in the car
               | auctions.
        
               | to11mtm wrote:
               | It depends on a few factors.
               | 
               | Typically, what happens post-lease is that the inspection
               | will help determine whether the vehicle is of the correct
               | 'quality' to be Certified Pre-Owned (i.e. sufficient
               | quality or fixing whatever's wrong and selling as CPO is
               | worth doing) and that's kinda the first decision gate.
               | 
               | After that, I would assume that the dealer getting the
               | lease back has some pull as to whether they keep it, but
               | that might be contingent on a few factors like what your
               | agreement with the leasing company is and what your
               | current floorplan is like. (Many dealers in the US don't
               | own most of the inventory on their lots, so any car you
               | keep on your lot eats into that line of credit.)
               | 
               | Oh, also the agreements between the financing companies
               | and the auctions themselves. In some cases the agreements
               | are _extremely_ tight, and there are only small windows
               | where someone doesn 't already have the 'rights' to sell
               | a vehicle. (That was a fun project.)
        
               | Closi wrote:
               | These large corporate lease agreements aren't done
               | through the dealer network in the UK - they are done
               | through a lease company which liaises directly with the
               | car manufacturers.
        
               | Closi wrote:
               | I'm from the UK and it may be different in other places -
               | but I have a friend who works for a large automaker in
               | their second hand ex-lease team who explained this to me,
               | so it absolutely exists here at least!
        
             | tomxor wrote:
             | > cars at end-of-life - it's about three-year-old cars.
             | 
             | That sounds so ridiculous to anyone living in the UK. The
             | second hand market here dwarfs all other routes to
             | obtaining your own vehicle. I've never bought a car less
             | than 10 years old.
        
               | globular-toast wrote:
               | Yeah, but the majority of new cars on the road are leased
               | or on finance. A lot of people/companies really do get
               | new cars every three years or so.
        
               | multjoy wrote:
               | Citation needed.
        
               | dan1234 wrote:
               | Looks like new cars account for around 25% of all car
               | sales in the UK[1].
               | 
               | It would seem that of new car sales, 93% are leased[2]
               | 
               | > The percentage of private new car sales financed by FLA
               | members in the twelve months to October 2021 was 93.0%, a
               | similar level to the same period in 2020.
               | 
               | [1]https://www.statista.com/statistics/299841/market-
               | volumes-of...
               | 
               | [2]https://www.fla.org.uk/research/motor-finance/
        
               | simonjgreen wrote:
               | First owners though tend to hold for 2-3 years as part of
               | a PCP/PCH
        
           | cfn wrote:
           | My car failed the emissions MOT a few times inthe UK and it
           | was less than 10 years old at the time.
        
           | samwillis wrote:
           | While I don't disagree it's also worth noting that for
           | example the brakes on BEVs last _significantly_ longer due to
           | regenerative braking, up to 200k miles I believe. This is
           | much longer than the "three year cycles" that the article is
           | taking about. There is also no more oil changes or exhausts
           | on a BEV.
           | 
           | So yes, there will be local mechanics for things such as
           | bodywork and tires, but I wouldn't be surprised to see only
           | 10-20% of the number of them in 20 years time.
        
             | dijonman2 wrote:
             | Electrical is a huge problem, as complexity skyrockets we
             | need mechanics to diagnose and repair. Mechanics will
             | adapt, not disappear.
             | 
             | Brakes are dead simple to replace and cheap to do so.
             | Regenerative braking is insignificant in the scheme of
             | refurbishing vehicles.
        
               | JackFr wrote:
               | At some point do we stop calling the people who fix our
               | cars "mechanics" and start calling them "electrics"?
        
               | orra wrote:
               | It's a fair question. The amount of earthing and
               | electrical safety required, when repairing EVs, is quite
               | something.
        
               | tonyedgecombe wrote:
               | Electrical is the one thing my local mechanic struggles
               | with. My guess is if EV's really take hold he will be
               | heading for early retirement.
        
               | gkop wrote:
               | Yep, mechanics generally dislike electrical work.
        
             | lttlrck wrote:
             | Brake pads and discs last longer yes. But brake calipers
             | can seize if left unmaintained, especially in northern
             | states that use salt on the road (and this may be worsened
             | if they are used less). Brake fluid is hygroscopic and
             | should be replaced every 2-3 years regardless of use,
             | otherwise corrosion can occur in the brake lines. There are
             | plenty of hydraulic and mechanical items on BEVs to keep
             | small shops busy.
        
               | ZeroGravitas wrote:
               | The current brakes and fluids are built on the assumption
               | they'll be heavily used and wear out. We're already
               | seeing changes in response to the new situation, e.g.
               | using lighter, less corrosion prone metals so I'd expect
               | to see continual improvements in this over time.
               | 
               | https://www.designnews.com/automotive/lightweight-
               | aluminum-b...
        
               | bryanlarsen wrote:
               | Tesla's have a 2 year maintenance cycle. They replace the
               | brake fluid, the cabin air filter and do an inspection.
        
               | KingMachiavelli wrote:
               | Brake fluid is one of the last somewhat frequent
               | maintenance items. It looks like newer Tesla's have all
               | electric breaks so technically there's very little reason
               | you would need a mechanic since replacing the air filter
               | is easy (at least compared to brake fluid changes).
        
               | dotancohen wrote:
               | All electric brakes? Do you mean that there is no
               | mechanical / hydraulic link between the pedal and the
               | pads?
               | 
               | What happens when the power fails?
        
               | AlphaSite wrote:
               | It's probably similar to how planes have red and at
               | links.
        
               | lb1lf wrote:
               | -I guess the brakes need power to be disengaged against a
               | spring force; this is quite common on electric motors in
               | industrial use.
               | 
               | So, power fails? It stops. Quickly.
        
               | joecool1029 wrote:
               | I mean it's common in air brakes used in commercial
               | trucks as well. If air pressure is lost the brakes close:
               | That's the failure condition.
               | 
               | Done likely because these vehicles are larger and
               | hydraulic brake fluid runs the risk of boiling (air
               | compresses unlike fluid) and/or catching fire.
               | 
               | As for brake fluid and fires, I had a neighbor's Ford
               | Explorer (more like Exploder?) catch fire while parked
               | and it burned down to the chassis due to this: https://ww
               | w.cozen.com/admin/files/publications/Motor_Vehicle...
        
               | eitland wrote:
               | Around here a problem with discs and brake pads as well
               | and forb electrical vehicles in particular.
               | 
               | Wear keeps rust at bay but when they don't get enough
               | wear to remove rust it can make the discs uneven and at
               | that point it can easily spiral out of control.
        
               | to11mtm wrote:
               | I mean, I've had this happen a few times (I drive a
               | manual, looking ahead and coasting/timing to avoid full
               | stops means I'm light on the brakes.)
               | 
               | But every time, it's exhibited as a 'pulsing' feel on the
               | brakes that is alarming before it is dangerous. I suppose
               | to the untrained it could be confused for ABS kicking in
               | but to me it's a very distinct feeling.
        
             | jacquesm wrote:
             | Yes, but replacing rotors and brake pads is the work of
             | minutes on most modern cars.
             | 
             | Bodywork can easily make a car a write off, especially if
             | exotic materials (aluminum, carbon, composites) are used.
        
           | doovd wrote:
           | > Everything tested during an MOT (except emissions, which
           | I've never seen fail)
           | 
           | Don't think this is true, I was looking at the MOT record of
           | a car a few days ago and emissions failure was definitely
           | stated as MOT failure reason.
        
             | dazc wrote:
             | I drive a 12 year old car which has been brilliant
             | mechanically but on the past two MOTs it has failed the
             | emissions test but passed the second time with the aid of a
             | fuel additive. My understanding is that this is now the
             | defualt procedure with local garages.
        
               | Scoundreller wrote:
               | Pro tip for the emissions test: make sure the catalytic
               | converter has had a chance to get red hot (by taking the
               | test after a high speed drive).
        
               | rootusrootus wrote:
               | I'm under the impression that many emissions testing
               | programs (at least in the US) have discarded their more
               | sophisticated testing mechanisms and now just rely on the
               | ECU saying everything is okay. Since most cars on the
               | road are new enough to have that ability. Oregon
               | definitely ditched the dynos, and while they use a
               | sniffer for really old cars, I wouldn't be surprised if
               | they ditch that before much longer.
               | 
               | They're getting a lot more strict on ECU testing, too.
               | Used to be you just needed to have no check emissions
               | codes being thrown. Now they're more thorough, for most
               | ECUs they can check to also verify no modifications to
               | the emissions settings (can't just tell the computer it
               | has no cat so it doesn't throw codes).
        
               | KingMachiavelli wrote:
               | In my state they will just do engine light & ECU test for
               | new cars. On older cars (>=10 years) when they do the
               | IM240 test on a dynamo but if you look at the emissions
               | limits they are all 100x what a normal car produces.
               | Here's the GPM values (reading/limit) from my last test
               | on a 2011 Honda Pilot:
               | 
               | Hydrocarbons 0.023/1.2 (1:50) CO 0.3/15 (1:50) CO2 502/NA
               | (guess this one has no limit?) NOx 0.081/2 (1:25)
               | 
               | Maybe some states apply newer, stricter limits to older
               | cars retroactively but in my experience as long as a car
               | is operating normally it is impossible to fail emissions.
               | I wouldn't be surprised if the ECU threw a code before
               | the dynamo test caught something. IMO the most practical
               | check they actually do is the presence of a functioning
               | gas cap.
        
               | Scoundreller wrote:
               | > IMO the most practical check they actually do is the
               | presence of a functioning gas cap.
               | 
               | Even that throws a code these days. 14y.o. BMW has a pump
               | that pressurizes the fuel system to check for leaks and
               | it's usually the pump that breaks and throws a code.
               | 
               | 17y.o. Corolla threw a fuel system code but it was the
               | gas cap.
               | 
               | Only thing is that this pressurization check system only
               | runs when the weather is warm enough, so resetting a code
               | usually lets you pass e-testing as "Not Ready" because
               | months can go by. Maybe there's differences in
               | summer/winter e-testing criteria.
        
               | rootusrootus wrote:
               | I don't know if it happens this way any more, but my last
               | Subaru would do the pressurization test about 30 minutes
               | after the car was turned off. Kinda weirded me out the
               | first time I went into the garage and heard what sounded
               | like something in the rear of the car inflating. Turns
               | out that is exactly what it was doing.
        
               | klyrs wrote:
               | Ah, goodhart's law strikes again. Car won't pass
               | emissions? Drive it harder before the test!
        
             | multjoy wrote:
             | Mine failed an emissions test (11yr old diesel mondeo with
             | 170000 on the clock), but passed when I took it for a
             | thrash round the M25 and a load of additive in the fuel
             | tank.
             | 
             | The next year emissions weren't an issue, mainly because
             | the only journey it did was a 250 mile run up the A1/A66/A6
             | and back again on a weekly basis.
        
         | the_biot wrote:
         | Not to mention injecting themselves into the second-hand
         | battery market, which I suspect is going to be huge.
        
         | Zigurd wrote:
         | You have it right but I do not think the battery is the reason.
         | The battery, while heavy, is mechanically simple.
         | 
         | Suspension bushings, springs, and shocks have a long life but,
         | by the time the battery needs changing, are probably worn out.
         | The wheels have been bashed enough to at least need
         | straightening. The driver's seat padding and upholstery is
         | probably shot. If it has a steel body it has dings and the
         | corrosion protection and paint will need at least a touch up.
         | The windshield is pitted.
         | 
         | This means it's not just a job for the local mechanic. They
         | don't do paint. The paint shop doesn't do upholstery. Wheel
         | straightening is a speciality shop. The only place to do all
         | this in one place is either a bespoke restoration shop, or a
         | purpose built remanufacturing facility.
        
         | intricatedetail wrote:
         | This is I don't get. Why smaller mechanics can't work on these?
        
         | beamatronic wrote:
         | In the future everyone will be a battery mechanic. Just as dads
         | in the 60's and 70's had a garage full of tools. But now they
         | will have soldering stations and ammeters
        
           | aronpye wrote:
           | I think you need more specialist equipment and training if
           | you want to mess with high voltage electrical systems on
           | BEVs.
        
         | markdown wrote:
         | > BEVs
         | 
         | What's this? You've used it multiple times as if we're supposed
         | to know what it means.
        
           | userbinator wrote:
           | Battery Electric Vehicle
           | 
           | You can mostly figure it out from the context.
        
         | chrisseaton wrote:
         | > There has been so much talk about how the lifetime of a BEV
         | is much longer than a ICE
         | 
         | I haven't seen this talk - I think most cars get scrapped when
         | the chassis rots, or the suspension goes, or the tech's
         | obsolete - not when the engine dies which is probably the last
         | thing to go. So BEV should be no different?
        
           | ansible wrote:
           | > _... not when the engine dies which is probably the last
           | thing to go._
           | 
           | The engine can be the last thing to go, if you are good about
           | checking and changing your oil.
           | 
           | If you let the oil run low, or let it sludge up, or don't
           | promptly detect a cooling system leak [1], that will damage
           | the bearings, and then it is only a matter of time before it
           | dies.
           | 
           | [1] Some engines can have the head gasket start to leak,
           | which lets coolant into the combustion chamber (which is
           | bad). Worse are the engine designs that integrate the water
           | pump into the engine block. If the water pump leaks (which
           | they often do, it drips coolant directly into the oil, which
           | is super bad.
           | 
           | An external water pump, in contrast, will just leak on the
           | outside of the engine onto the ground. In either case, the
           | coolant will run low, and eventually the engine will
           | overheat. However, in the external pump case, you can just
           | fix the leaky pump, and assuming you didn't try to run it
           | overheated, you're fine.
           | 
           | But with an internal water pump, by the time the coolant has
           | run low, you've severely degraded the oil too, and likely
           | damaged the bearings. In addition, replacing the internal
           | pump usually means dropping the entire engine out of the
           | vehicle, which is far more costly.
           | 
           | Thus endeth my rant on water pumps.
        
             | dotancohen wrote:
             | > Some engines can have the head gasket start to leak
             | 
             | It's OK, I drive a Subaru too.
        
             | skeletal88 wrote:
             | My car has 160k km since 2005. The problems are everywhere
             | else except the engine
             | 
             | First - it is rusting a lot. Then the car door doesn't
             | close properly when it is colder than -15 or -20. Then the
             | car has decided that the esp is faulty 2 times on longer
             | rides in cold weather and that the max speed should be
             | 20kmh (luckily a restart of the car fixed that)
        
               | chrisseaton wrote:
               | This is it - a car's structure just rots away at a
               | certain point if it's being used. It's not a mechanical
               | thing you can refurbish or replace - the car as a whole
               | just starts breaking apart.
        
             | RugnirViking wrote:
             | Something that is extremely anecdotal experience for me,
             | especially given I have never owned a car, is that things
             | like "check your oil" are weirdly a feature mainly of
             | american media. To the extent that its sort of led me to
             | believe its something that isn't really necessary, like
             | taking vitamins when your doctor hasn't told you you have a
             | deficiency. I'm only really realising this assumption of
             | mine now, so is this even remotely true?
             | 
             | I don't think ive ever heard about people talking about
             | changing their oil here in europe in actual day-to-day
             | life, but I have heard much more about antifreeze or
             | windscreen wiper fluid or even water/coolant.
        
               | bluGill wrote:
               | In the 1970s and before getting 100,000 miles on a car
               | was a big deal, you would call all your friends for that,
               | put oil in the engine, drive off in a cloud of blue smoke
               | and 10 minutes latter having crossed that mark return and
               | put more oil in. In the 1980s cars got a lot more
               | reliable and so most don't remember how bad they used to
               | be. Few cars, even old worn out beaters need their oil
               | checked between changes, but it used to be a big deal and
               | not doing it's would destroy your engine fast since it
               | would run out.
               | 
               | So mostly it is pandering to old people, but it is still
               | an expression
        
               | sokoloff wrote:
               | If your car is newish (under 8 years and under 100K
               | miles), you can pretty safely ignore any routine oil
               | _checking_ and just change it every year or ~12K miles.
               | At some oil change, the mechanic will tell you [or you
               | will see] that you have an oil leak or consumption issue
               | and should then start checking it more often. A newer car
               | will use way under a half-quart of oil in 10K miles,
               | which can be ignored entirely.
               | 
               | I change the oil on our CR-V every year (about 5-6K
               | miles) and because it's 17 years and 225K miles old it
               | uses some oil, which I top up twice between annual
               | changes.
               | 
               | The amount of oil changing done in the US is indeed
               | excessive and driven by promoting the practice to
               | consumers who, in general, couldn't find their oil filter
               | nor explain the function of oil and oil filtration, and
               | can only judge based on what everyone is doing and
               | whether they can afford it. The little reminder stickers
               | to bring your car back in 3K (yes!) miles are a critical
               | business supply for an oil change franchise.
        
               | throwawayboise wrote:
               | In the 1980s, with conventional motor oil, 3k mile
               | changes made sense. It was cheap insurance. With engines
               | made today and synthetic oil, 10k mile intervals are not
               | unusual. The quick-lube places will still put 3k miles on
               | their reminder sticker, because it's more business for
               | them.
               | 
               | Also be sure they are actually using the correct
               | synthetic oil for your car, and not conventional 10w40
               | that would be appropriate for a 1978 Chevy.
        
               | sokoloff wrote:
               | The advent of closed-loop fuel control has helped oil
               | service life as well, but I think the "it's cheap
               | insurance" psychology is a message that makes sense to
               | primitive human brains well beyond the underlying
               | engineering data, leading us to over-service expensive
               | things.
        
               | chrisseaton wrote:
               | I looked up the oil change schedule for my car once. Same
               | car and specs available in both the US and the UK (minor
               | compliance issues like colour of indicators beside.) In
               | the UK the manufacturer recommends changing every 20,000
               | miles or two years, in the US every 5,000 miles or six
               | months. Same car!
               | 
               | I have never changed my oil in my car, despite having it
               | over a year, and won't look to do it for another year
               | yet. I think that would give most Americans a heart
               | attack.
               | 
               | They've got an _entire industry_ over there changing oil
               | 4x more frequently than actually required.
               | 
               | Absolutely bizarre.
        
               | jcrawfordor wrote:
               | Is this possibly related to E10? E10 is the norm in the
               | US but, as I understand it, E5 is more common in Europe.
               | I don't know the chemistry but I do know that there are
               | concerns about ethanol adversely affecting the life of
               | engine seals, moreso in older vehicles not designed for
               | it, but there's at least a fringe of people who insist
               | it's an issue for modern engines as well.
               | 
               | I also know that there are some appreciable differences
               | between EU and US standards for diesel (higher cetane
               | number in Europe) which adversely impacts the performance
               | of small diesel engines in the US, but I don't know if
               | there are any similar issues with gasoline.
               | 
               | I'd also be curious about the manufacturer's specified
               | oil. It is surprisingly common for new vehicles in the US
               | to still specify conventional or blended oil, where 5k
               | miles is a more common change interval. I've seen as high
               | as 15k mile change interval specified in the manual for a
               | US vehicle but the manual also specified full synthetic
               | only (this was a turbocharged engine which tends to
               | adversely impact life, I wonder if a similar naturally
               | aspirated may have listed 20k).
               | 
               | In any case the "change oil every 3k miles" guideline is
               | long gone in the US, with 5k-14k being more common, but
               | nonetheless 3k was common for long enough that it seems
               | to be thoroughly instilled into the minds of many members
               | of the baby boomer generation. I think this has given a
               | certain license to the chain lube shops, long a source of
               | suspect business practices, to continue to use 3k miles
               | for their window stickers. That said I've seen even Jiffy
               | Lube put in a window sticker for 7k miles, for a blended
               | oil. There's a story (I don't know if it's true) that the
               | 3k mile recommendation stuck around for so long only
               | because the domestic automakers were uninterested in
               | going to the expense of longer testing, and that
               | situation changed due to both media involvement (Consumer
               | Reports for example took this on as a big issue in the
               | '90s) and competition from the Japanese automakers that
               | had invested more money into research.
               | 
               | 5k actually seems unusually low for a new production
               | vehicle and I would tend to think that must have been
               | specified for conventional or at least blended. Outside
               | of some older engines with detergent-related concerns
               | pretty much the only thing keeping conventional oil on
               | the market is price and more and more vehicles are
               | specifying synthetic only.
               | 
               | Finally, temperatures across the UK are much more
               | moderate than across the US. While synthetic oils have
               | less issues this way, oil behavior in terms of actual
               | viscosity and lubricity tends to vary appreciably by
               | temperature, and worst of all mostly when it matters most
               | right after startup. This has an adverse impact on both
               | oil and engine life. It's become less common for US
               | vehicles to specify different oil grades for different
               | seasons/temperature ranges (although some still do), but
               | US maintenance guidelines are still going to be developed
               | for a pretty wide temperature range that notably includes
               | ambient temperatures in the 80-100F/26-37C range that
               | significantly thin oil and are uncommon in the UK. A
               | similar problem exists at the low end, in parts of the US
               | cold start temperatures of 20F/-7C are routine and most
               | vehicle manuals no longer call for block heat until you
               | get down to nearly 0F. Oil can take a long time to
               | "limber" starting from these low temperatures and that's
               | hard on engine life and puts a lot of metal shavings in
               | the oil. Manufacturers kind of have to set their
               | maintenance recommendations at "lowest common
               | denominator" since practical experience with
               | seasonal/climate-based oil recommendations have shown
               | that vehicle owners and maintenance shops are both
               | extremely bad at following them.
        
               | aronpye wrote:
               | An oil change is cheap. It's also far better to
               | preventatively change the oil, that way the engine is
               | running with optimum lubrication most of the time. If you
               | wait to change the oil when it's black sludge, it's
               | likely damage will slowly build up from allowing the
               | engine to run with poor oil.
        
               | chrisseaton wrote:
               | So why don't the manufacturer recommend it? Especially
               | since it's comprehensively warrantied for seven years so
               | entirely their problem?
               | 
               | Either 5 is justified by engineering or 20 is? One of
               | them must be some kind of misrepresentation?
        
               | throwawayboise wrote:
               | Maybe the oil sold in Europe is more uniformly higher
               | grade?
               | 
               | If I go to the local auto parts store here, I can spend
               | ~$1.00/qt for oil or more than $10.00/qt for oil. Guess
               | which oil most people will buy?
               | 
               | Also I don't really have any confidence that the dealers
               | are using factory specified oil. I think they probably
               | use the cheapest bulk oil they can buy. That's why I
               | change my own oil, that way I know what is in the engine.
        
               | chrisseaton wrote:
               | A counterpoint to this is that my car is manufactured in
               | a single plant in Europe. It ships with engine oil in it
               | (because it's driven on and off the transport ship). So I
               | presume one sold in the UK and the US have the same oil
               | in, yet Land Rover will tell you to change that exact
               | same oil in the exact same engine after 20k miles in the
               | UK and 5k miles in the US.
        
               | Spooky23 wrote:
               | There's a weird subset of Americans who are very
               | "passionate" about motor oil. They argue about oil
               | filters and formulations... almost audiophile like.
               | 
               | My guess is the guidance is to avoid some PR nightmare.
        
               | aronpye wrote:
               | Fuel and oil quality is a lot more variable in the US, so
               | are the environmental conditions, so you have to set the
               | guidelines according to the minimum likely to be
               | encountered.
        
               | eptcyka wrote:
               | Its hard to give a good recommendation as oil degrades at
               | different rates depending on use age and weather. Lots of
               | short and aggressive trips in the city will wear it out
               | differently to some smooth motorway driving, mileage
               | being equal.
        
               | chrisseaton wrote:
               | Is it really a 4x difference? And don't British people
               | drive more shorter trips than the US so even if that's
               | the case it's also the wrong way around?
        
               | aronpye wrote:
               | Fuel and oil quality is a lot more variable in the US as
               | it's set at the state level, plus it's just generally
               | worse, so are the environmental conditions, so you have
               | to set the guidelines according to the minimum / worst
               | case likely to be encountered.
        
               | aronpye wrote:
               | I used to help develop Diesel Engines before I moved into
               | Software Engineering.
               | 
               | If they followed anything like what we did, they would
               | just run load cycles on the engine in a test cell to
               | simulate approximately however many miles of 'normal' use
               | they want to validate the engine up to. During the
               | testing the engine would be maintained, fueled, and oiled
               | according to the maintenance schedule and customer
               | guidelines the engine will be sold with.
               | 
               | After the testing, the engine would be completely broken
               | down and analyzed. If there weren't any signs of abnormal
               | wear then the engine would be considered validated
               | __under those conditions__.
               | 
               | The problem is when real-world use deviates from the
               | testing conditions. Which is pretty much always. Then the
               | manufacturer guidelines no longer apply.
               | 
               | If you run your engine harder than the test cycle load
               | factor, you will need to replace the engine oil more
               | regularly. If your fuel quality is crap, i.e. has any
               | ethanol in it, you will need to replace your oil more
               | regularly as fuel eventually gets into the oil, and
               | ethanol results in high water content in fuels, and hence
               | oil, which will break down seals as well as reduce
               | overall lubrication.
               | 
               | If your engine breaks down due to poor oil quality from
               | lack of regular inspection and replacement, then as a
               | manufacturer I'd be very resistant to paying out on any
               | warranty claim. Even if you followed the "guidelines" for
               | oil changes, you still have a duty to inspect the oil
               | regularly, both as a responsible driver and under the car
               | manual guidelines. Using bad oil and / or fuel is very
               | easy to test for.
               | 
               | Long story short, the oil change intervals guidelines are
               | just that, guidelines, and real-world use dictates the
               | maintenance schedule. Frequent oil changes, before the
               | oil breaks down / becomes crap, is just a quick, cheap
               | way to prolong the life of your engine or any mechanical
               | device with bearings or sliding surfaces for that matter.
        
               | chrisseaton wrote:
               | > Even if you followed the "guidelines" for oil changes,
               | you still have a duty to inspect the oil regularly, both
               | as a responsible driver and under the car manual
               | guidelines.
               | 
               | No this isn't true. I check my oil as regularly as the
               | manual tells me to, which is every two years. That's
               | literally the published inspection schedule in the UK for
               | this car. If that isn't regular enough and the engine
               | wears that's a warranty issue covered by the
               | manufacturer.
        
               | bryanlarsen wrote:
               | I presume that the UK schedule specifies synthetic oil,
               | that does let the oil last a little bit longer. But not
               | that massive difference.
               | 
               | One of the reasons people give for buying German luxury
               | cars is because they only need the oil changed once a
               | year vs the 3-4x a year for American or Japanese or
               | Volkswagen cars.
        
               | scheme271 wrote:
               | This isn't true. The VW service manuals for at least the
               | last 15 years have had a 10k mile service interval for
               | changing the oil and not 3-4X a year.
        
               | teamonkey wrote:
               | The plan I had with my VAG garage was a service once
               | every 2 years. No need to change the oil more often than
               | that unless I were to do a lot of miles.
        
               | zepearl wrote:
               | > _One of the reasons people give for buying German
               | luxury cars is because they only need the oil changed
               | once a year vs the 3-4x a year for American or Japanese
               | or Volkswagen cars._
               | 
               | No clue about American & Japanese cars, but for VW (and
               | Opel) it's definitely just once per year (in
               | Switzerland).
        
               | logifail wrote:
               | > need the oil changed once a year vs the 3-4x a year for
               | American or Japanese or Volkswagen cars
               | 
               | We bought a VW Polo, kept it for ten years, then changed
               | it for a VW Sharan, and recently added a VW Up. Total
               | miles driven must be around 200k.
               | 
               | Based on a sekrit strategy - called reading then
               | following the service manual - can confirm that (at least
               | our) Volkswagens _do not_ need their oil changing  "3-4x
               | a year"!
        
               | bryanlarsen wrote:
               | Are you in North America? The OP said that North America
               | and Europe had very different oil change schedules. I
               | haven't owned a Volkswagen for 30 years, so I guess it
               | isn't surprising if it has changed.
        
               | burntoutfire wrote:
               | I have a Japanese car (Mitsubishi), made in Japan and
               | imported to Poland, sold with a manual in Polish. The
               | manual says to change oil every year or 20kkm, whichever
               | comes first.
        
               | bryanlarsen wrote:
               | And if it was sold in North America it would say
               | something very different in the manual.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | Spooky23 wrote:
               | Newer cars will usually tell you. Iirc, it averages
               | around 8-11k miles or 4-5 months for my Honda.
               | 
               | It's a weird topic that people get religious about. I
               | will say that in the 90s when I changed it myself, the
               | viscosity of the oil was very different if you went
               | longer between changes.
        
             | ghaff wrote:
             | With the exception of a crappy Dodge which lost a timing
             | chain which took out a bunch of the powertrain (under
             | warranty--but it was never the same again), it's mostly
             | fair to say that every car I've owned was retired due to
             | rust.
        
             | JackFr wrote:
             | When I was seventeen my dad said I could have the old
             | family station wagon to drive if I would replace the water
             | pump on it. He got me a water pump from a junk yard and the
             | appropriate Chiltons manual for a 1973 Chevy Impala and it
             | took me about four days (real mechanic time would probably
             | be 4 hours) and then my dad sold me the car for $1.
             | 
             | Some things about it stand out in memory. Engines were so
             | big and un-compacted back then it was relatively easy to
             | fit your hands and tools where ever they needed to go and
             | pieces of the engine basically looked like what you'd
             | expect them to be.
             | 
             | The other thing I found out later was that my father was
             | desperate to sell me the car, because it allowed him to get
             | me off his insurance. I was a 17 year old boy, with one
             | fender bender already under my belt and my parents had just
             | bought a new Mercedes sedan. For insurance purposes, as a
             | licensed driver living with them, without my own car the
             | insurance company considered me a driver of the new car and
             | the insurance was outrageous. After my dad sold me the car,
             | I was off their main policy and on a separate one. Very
             | tricky dad.
        
           | Gravityloss wrote:
           | Toyota is famous for extreme durability in functional parts
           | like engine or electronics. But also infamous, how the
           | chassis rots away very fast.
           | 
           | Don't know what is the current status. Audi started dipping
           | the bodies in zinc since 1987. So technologies exist.
        
             | dotancohen wrote:
             | > Toyota is famous for extreme durability in functional
             | parts like engine or electronics. But also infamous, how
             | the chassis rots away very fast.
             | 
             | I wouldn't go that far. Toyota pickup chassis built by Dana
             | (the rear end guys) were known to rust some time ago. Other
             | than that, I do not know of any Toyotas that rusted away
             | more than the average car would given any environmental
             | conditions.
        
             | gandalfian wrote:
             | 'Don't know what is the current status. Audi started
             | dipping the bodies in zinc since 1987."
             | 
             | Fancy way to say galvanised?
        
               | chrisseaton wrote:
               | Maybe galvanisation is a fancy way to say dipping in
               | zinc?
        
               | singlow wrote:
               | Except galvanized is a common household term for a
               | century but dipped in zinc sound exotic unless you
               | realize the similarity.
        
           | eptcyka wrote:
           | Its so easy to kill an engine by just skipping oil changes.
           | What's more, as engines become evermore complex, the amount
           | of failure condition that can total the car grow too.
        
             | chrisseaton wrote:
             | Changing the oil as part of an annual service is already
             | more than enough. Engines don't break from oil in almost
             | any use-case.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | toomanybeersies wrote:
           | In my (Australian) experience, the three main reasons cars
           | get scrapped are engine failures, transmission problems, and
           | kangaroos.
           | 
           | Rust is much less of a problem for anything manufactured this
           | century. Suspension is pretty cheap to fix, it cost me <$2000
           | to get my entire front suspension replaced a while back.
        
             | burntoutfire wrote:
             | > Rust is much less of a problem for anything manufactured
             | this century. Suspension is pretty cheap to fix, it cost me
             | <$2000 to get my entire front suspension replaced a while
             | back.
             | 
             | I'm guessing you don't have below freezing temperatures,
             | and roads sprinkled with salt every winter? That's the real
             | suspension and car chassis killer.
             | 
             | I've also heard that it's similar near seas (or oceans),
             | where non negligible amounts of salt from the sea are
             | present as aerosol in the air.
        
           | mongol wrote:
           | Perhaps it is because many ICE car components degrade with
           | approximately similar pace. If it were just the suspension
           | that would give up, it would be worthwhile to repair if the
           | remainder had many km left in them. But if you know that it
           | is just a matter of time until another expensive repair, then
           | you throw in the towel at the first one, perhaps.
        
             | Spooky23 wrote:
             | It's not an ICE issue. Emissions controls drove
             | reliability.
             | 
             | No such thing drives similar changes for other components.
             | I drove a 2003 Honda Pilot 265k miles and get rid of it in
             | 2019. It needed shocks, brakes and would have needed the
             | exhaust system replaced soon due to rust. Just wasn't worth
             | the money.
             | 
             | I sold it to a guy I know for $2000, he drove it until last
             | year, removed the engine and transmission, and sold it.
        
         | alisonkisk wrote:
        
       | anpago wrote:
       | The demand in the EU and UK Cars for existing models which do not
       | have speed limit restrictions will be healthy.
       | 
       | From my understanding any Newly launched models from 6th of June
       | 2022 have to be fitted with a speed limiter.
       | 
       | Of course the other reasons due to a shortage of second hand
       | models and new models manufactured recently help With ICE cars
       | soon being banned from being sold in 2030 just eight years time.
       | 
       | So a well renovated, tried, tested and trusted existing model
       | will suffice for many users. While Toyota save on R&D.
       | 
       | Live in the middle of nowhere or no charging point near your
       | residence? Simply want a car which is not as "restricted"? Plenty
       | of customers will have a refurbed non restricted ICE car, even if
       | a 2021 model years later.
       | 
       | https://www.autotrader.co.uk/content/news/mandatory-speed-li...
        
         | tonyedgecombe wrote:
         | >The demand in the EU and UK Cars for existing models which do
         | not have speed limit restrictions will be healthy.
         | 
         | Outside of the real enthusiasts I think most people won't care.
        
           | Tade0 wrote:
           | I read the proposal. It argues for making the accelerator
           | "heavier" when over the speed limit. For safety (and
           | political) reasons the driver will have full control over the
           | throttle at all times.
        
           | intricatedetail wrote:
           | They will care if they live in the 20mph zone.
        
             | srg0 wrote:
             | I would be happy if no one could speed under my windows.
             | Difference between 50 kmh and 30 kmh is equivalent to 50%
             | noise reduction (~ -5 dB). And tyre noise becomes dominant
             | just a little over 30 kmh (20 mph).
             | 
             | https://workinggroupnoise.files.wordpress.com/2013/03/leafl
             | e...
        
             | scatters wrote:
             | Traffic calming zones are generally highly popular with
             | residents. Most people are smart enough to know not to shit
             | where they eat.
        
       | analog31 wrote:
       | Wow, sign me up. I already buy refurbished laptops and
       | cellphones.
       | 
       | A potential issue is dealing with rust and crash damage, but just
       | combining good parts and scrapping bad would be better than
       | scrapping the whole car. Or, the cars that can't be fully
       | refurb'd, can just be cleaned up and sold as used cars like they
       | are today.
       | 
       | Give each car a grade, in a standardized fashion, and price
       | accordingly. Also, let me order one by mail.
        
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