[HN Gopher] Look How Big Is My Team
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Look How Big Is My Team
        
       Author : nbstme
       Score  : 96 points
       Date   : 2022-01-07 15:54 UTC (7 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (nicolasbustamante.substack.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (nicolasbustamante.substack.com)
        
       | _448 wrote:
       | This one size fits all approach is wrong. It is not about the
       | size, but of quality. If you are able to hire all A-star
       | employees then small size makes sense. But the reality is very
       | different. You cannot get all A-star employees from the start,
       | and you are also racing against time. So you try to balance
       | between time, size and quality. If you are lucky, you will get
       | second A-star senior engineer. Otherwise you have to hire two
       | junior A-star engineers instead of one senior engineer both being
       | mentored by a senior engineer.
       | 
       | Depending on what your team configuration is, the way of
       | communication changes. With senior engineers the communication is
       | minimal but with junior team member configuration the
       | communication increases. Similarly, the cost structure(implicit
       | and explicit) also differs between these two configuration.
       | 
       | So suggesting a single prescription is not viable. The reality is
       | very different and needs to be looked at on a case by case basis.
        
       | ziggus wrote:
       | Shouldn't the calculation of the 'value' of the average employee
       | be the annual profit divided by the number of employees, not
       | revenue?
        
         | pjc50 wrote:
         | "average revenue per employee" is a fairly widely used metric
         | even in non-startup companies. "Profit", GAAP or non-GAAP, is
         | these days kind of a virtual number; Amazon have been hugely
         | successful despite not "making a profit" in the traditional
         | accounting sense.
         | 
         | However the article hints at what's really going on: in many
         | startups the objective is to cash out before the question of
         | profit has to be addressed. Many of these buyouts are
         | "acquishutdowns" - the _product_ has zero value and is shut
         | down after a short transition, while the customers and staff
         | are really what 's being bought. In this sense the startup
         | functions like an expensive recruitment agency or an
         | inefficient version of the footballer transfer scheme.
         | 
         | In those cases it's advantageous to hire even if there is
         | nothing profitable for the employees to do - because it
         | increases the buyout value.
        
           | nbstme wrote:
           | You're right; all these metrics can be easily manipulated,
           | whereas revenue is more reliable.
           | 
           | I guess you're talking about "acqui-hire," meaning the
           | acquisition of teams of 10-40 people for ~$25m. My broader
           | point is that many startups scale to hundreds of employees,
           | buying growth, but remain poor businesses. Headcount is a
           | vanity metric similar to likes on social media or
           | fundraising.
        
             | m_ke wrote:
             | Growing a sales and marketing team can translate to a lot
             | of revenue growth.
        
               | nbstme wrote:
               | Yes, and as long that the revenue growth is higher than
               | the cost, most startups should do it!
        
         | seibelj wrote:
         | Also good to see if revenue can increase while adding few or no
         | employees. Then the potential for flywheel is there, vs. an
         | agency that scales costs linearly with revenue.
        
           | nbstme wrote:
           | True! Some startups, unfortunately, have a scalability
           | problem and need to scale headcount to increase the revenue
           | proportionally.
        
         | nbstme wrote:
         | Yes, it's another interesting metric. Although ideally, a fast-
         | growing focuses on cash flows and reinvest all the cash so that
         | there are no profits at the end of the year.
        
         | andruby wrote:
         | When looking at revenue / employee, in businesses where wages
         | are the biggest cost (eg: software), that ratio also gives you
         | a upper bound to how much you can pay employees and still be
         | profitable.
         | 
         | In my book, revenue / employee is much more meaningful than
         | profit / employee, because profit is arbitrary to a large
         | extent.
        
           | nbstme wrote:
           | +1 and I should have mentioned that there are significant
           | disparities, say per country, of how much an employee costs.
        
       | boopboopbadoop wrote:
       | Vanity metrics don't have to be high numbers, they can be low
       | numbers too. The author is just swapping high head count with low
       | head count as a vanity metric, using low headcount as an
       | efficiency indicator. Without knowing what the people are working
       | on/achieving, headcount is useless either way.
        
         | bckr wrote:
         | > The author is just swapping high head count with low head
         | count
         | 
         | That's actually not the conclusion. They suggest looking at
         | ARR/FTE.
        
           | boopboopbadoop wrote:
           | To show my point with an example, according to him, 10 devs
           | keeping the lights on has a better AAR than 15 devs that are
           | keeping the lights on _and_ adding new value. But the former
           | is not more efficient than the latter.
        
             | mavelikara wrote:
             | What is AAR?
        
               | nsp wrote:
               | Pretty sure they mean annual recurring revenue (ARR)
        
         | jstummbillig wrote:
         | All else being equal, low head count is simply better than high
         | head count from a business standpoint.
        
           | boopboopbadoop wrote:
           | Sure, I guess my point is that all else is never equal.
        
       | tyingq wrote:
       | This phenomenon is more interesting to watch in a big IT
       | department. Where various leaders try to get allocated more
       | people, or slide in new management layers. I suppose the tendency
       | to empire build is baked into us.
       | 
       | I'm also surprised at how little uniformity there is across
       | companies. You would imagine sizes of teams would follow some
       | ratio related to revenue, or percentage of all IT, etc. They
       | don't. So the size of the IT Security Team, or Change Management,
       | etc, vary wildly. Even for similar companies in the same
       | industry.
        
       | bitwize wrote:
       | HM: "We're definitely in startup mode, we've got a team of 400
       | employees, 150 of those in engineering..."
       | 
       | Me: (Cloud Strife voice) Not interested.
       | 
       | Based on a true story.
        
       | PragmaticPulp wrote:
       | My worst job ever was at a big company whose CEO believed that
       | small teams and low headcount were the answer to everything. I
       | was attracted to the company because I had enjoyed working in
       | small teams at startups before.
       | 
       | It was awful in a big company, though. We were always short-
       | staffed on everything we did. The CEO chronically underestimated
       | how much work went into maintaining existing products or even
       | just extending them. He wanted to treat every new initiative like
       | a mini-startup that could move fast with small headcount, which
       | led to tens of isolated teams building products that were
       | incompatible with each other and not communicating about it.
       | Coordinating with other teams would slow you down, so it was
       | basically forbidden. But then our customers expected things to
       | work together, so we had to scramble to re-integrate everything
       | before it shipped.
       | 
       | Taking vacation was difficult because it could mean 20% of the
       | team was gone, which would have measurable effects on delivery.
       | Every time someone left it was a scramble to re-hire and re-train
       | because it left such a huge hole in the team.
       | 
       | Hiring too many people is a problem, but trying to keep teams
       | artificially small is also a problem. The hard part is knowing
       | how close you are to "too big" or "too small", which is rarely
       | obvious at the time.
        
         | outside1234 wrote:
         | Well, to be clear, it was great for the CEO
        
         | Andys wrote:
         | Heh, I used to have so many opinions on how to run software
         | companies. Ideal team sizes, methodologies, remote vs office.
         | 
         | Now I'm seasoned with enough experience to know that no matter
         | what the "best practice", some companies out there will screw
         | it up.
         | 
         | Whatever past successes I experienced in teams I was a part of,
         | I was wrongly attributing to these various rules of thumb (such
         | as team size).
        
         | nbstme wrote:
         | Thanks for your insightful comments. You're right; the hardest
         | part is to find the balance between too big and too small
         | headcount. It's challenging and it differs a lot per
         | department, company size etc
        
         | jhund wrote:
         | Team Topologies provides some good info around team size, and
         | how to split teams when they get too large:
         | https://teamtopologies.com/
        
         | tobyjsullivan wrote:
         | > treat every new initiative like a mini-startup
         | 
         | > Coordinating with other teams would slow you down, so it was
         | basically forbidden.
         | 
         | Are you sure team size was actually a factor? I've seen
         | rules/cultures like these before and they always end in
         | disaster, regardless of team size.
         | 
         | Small teams that actually coordinate, on the other hand, seem
         | to do just fine in my experience. In fact, one of the biggest
         | problems with oversized teams is the combinatorial explosion of
         | communication channels https://project-management.info/number-
         | of-communication-chan...
        
           | [deleted]
        
       | pkrotich wrote:
       | I remember the need to make company sites look big / corporate
       | like - using We even when it's I. It's less of a concern now, BUT
       | headcount is still important because of bus count/factor [0] -
       | which is a legitimate concern if a business unit is going to
       | depend on your solution for business continuity.
       | 
       | [0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bus_factor
        
         | nbstme wrote:
         | I remember being turned down by customers because your team of
         | 5 people was too small. Now that we are 80+ I understand their
         | concerns and how hard it is to rely on a small team's software.
        
       | rurp wrote:
       | I wonder how much infrastructure affects these calculations. In
       | theory a company built on serverless resources should have much
       | better revenue/employee, since a key premise of serverless is to
       | replace headcount with a higher cloud bill. A saas company using
       | expensive cloud services might look artificially more successful
       | than one built with on-prem or more traditional cloud servers, if
       | investors focus too much on employee specific costs.
        
       | jupp0r wrote:
       | One thing completely left out of the discussion is the aspect of
       | time. It takes lots of work and time to hire somebody and make
       | them perform at their best at contributing to the business
       | (especially in technical roles). I've seen this underestimated
       | more times that I can count. Throwing new (either to the company
       | or to the problem) people at a problem will almost never speed up
       | a project. Hiring done right is an investment - not only of time,
       | but also of short term productivity - that will start paying off
       | after months at best. People react taken aback when they offer
       | you 3 engineers to get that project done in 4 months instead of 5
       | and you tell them that this will not make this project run better
       | but will help with the next.
        
       | jitl wrote:
       | > Small teams leverage speed as a competitive advantage which is
       | key to winning over competitors. Other benefits include better
       | communication, more engagement, more profits to reinvest, and,
       | overall, better productivity. Small groups avoid the Ringelmann
       | effect, which is the tendency for individuals to become
       | increasingly less productive as the size of their group
       | increases. More importantly, the headcount constraint drives
       | creativity and innovative solutions.
       | 
       | > Controlling headcount expansion when experiencing fast growth
       | is challenging. Targeting an efficient number of teammates is
       | tricky because it's difficult to know and test when fewer people
       | can achieve more.
       | 
       | This is really challenging, but one thing to keep in mind when
       | planning headcount is that product usage and business revenue can
       | scale very, very quickly once you find product-market fit, but
       | there's a slow maximum rate you can find, hire, and onboard more
       | (good) people; especially good managers.
       | 
       | At Notion we were too cautious about adding engineers because we
       | over-valued the efficiency of the small team, and under-estimated
       | the difficulty/low rate of growing the team. This caught us by
       | surprise - we thought we had a good trajectory figured out
       | compared with our business growth, but at a certain point the
       | growth ate through the headroom in our systems, and we spent most
       | of a year on reliability instead of features. We fixed the
       | problems, and have been hiring aggressively since that whiplash,
       | but it still feels like we lost a lot of time chasing efficiency
       | instead of starting hyper growth hiring.
       | 
       | That said, hindsight is 20/20. If you start aggressive hiring as
       | soon as you see some market fit, and then growth tapers off, you
       | can burn both your efficiency and runway on a "false start". But
       | even if you're right to start, you're going to hit the "good
       | problems" of hyper growth next. Maybe it's part of the hyper
       | growth territory to feel a year behind hiring until suddenly you
       | double the team in a year from 300 to 600 engineers like we did
       | at Airbnb and then all the culture falls apart and suddenly
       | you're in the Warring States period.
        
       | AtlasBarfed wrote:
       | Might signal efficiency.
       | 
       | Might signal unsustainable overwork, inability to scale / manage
       | a "real" business / no real barrier to entry.
        
         | nbstme wrote:
         | Don't you think the inability to scale is exemplified by
         | revenue growth problems, not headcount?
        
           | AtlasBarfed wrote:
           | Of course it reeeallly depends on the case, but every
           | business will need the "wetworks": customer service, client
           | relationships, etc.
           | 
           | So if you have a core tech product and that is scaling, then
           | fantastic.
           | 
           | The classic success case was WhatsApp: 19 billion dollars
           | (jeesus wow) for a basement full of people.
        
       | m_ke wrote:
       | VCs buy growth, headcount signals growth
        
         | tootie wrote:
         | It's not just VCs. In a big corporation, the number of reports
         | in your org is proxy to your clout. The more people you manage
         | the more prestige you have. My wife likes to say "Head count is
         | currency". It can absolutely lead to bloat because leaders are
         | now incentivized to have more employees instead of producing
         | more value.
        
         | nbstme wrote:
         | Not sure that signaling & social status lead however to success
        
           | m_ke wrote:
           | If your goal is to maximize the rate of return you pump a lot
           | of cash into a startup, force them to spend it on heads and
           | marketing then ask your friend to 10x the valuation in 12
           | months.
        
             | nbstme wrote:
             | Haha true! Although it's the "not realized rate of return."
             | That might be good enough to raise another fund and live
             | out of generous management fees, but it is not sufficient
             | to realize financial performance - making money when the
             | business sells out or IPO.
        
               | m_ke wrote:
               | Public markets have the same incentives, as long as
               | there's growth stonks go up. Late stage firms have
               | relationships with banks and the return of SPACs made
               | dumping roided up donkeys easier than ever.
        
               | nbstme wrote:
               | Warren Buffet claims that his mentor Benjamin Graham once
               | wrote: "In the short run, the market is a voting machine,
               | but in the long run, it is a weighing machine" In the
               | long run, fundamentals matter, and only the best business
               | thrives.
        
               | m_ke wrote:
               | Yes but VC funds have a fixed window, their goal is to
               | deploy their money in the first 3-5 years and show
               | returns in under 10.
        
           | vanusa wrote:
           | If the goal is to create a successful product, then no.
           | 
           | If the goal is to get another round of funding from, or
           | bought by someone with tons of cash but lazy in the diligence
           | department -- then it can definitely "work".
        
         | rjzzleep wrote:
         | Not just VCs a lot of governmental funding initiatives or tax
         | initiatives are based on headcount growth. So sometimes you
         | hear startup founders proudly say how they will double the
         | headcount in the next year.
        
         | paulcole wrote:
         | About a decade ago I worked at a place where we frantically
         | moved from our private offices to a big shared open office
         | situation with whiteboards on the walls before the investors
         | came because "that's how facebook does it."
         | 
         | It worked and the place got bought out lol. Business was shit
         | though.
        
           | rich_sasha wrote:
           | Ours had a fancy "library", well-stocked with thought-
           | provoking books, supposedly for stimulating discussion and
           | study, realistically only for showing investors around.
           | 
           | The "library" backed out onto the Big Boss' office and he
           | didn't like the noise. Oh, I forget, of course he sat with us
           | lowly minions at the coal face of open space, and it
           | definitely wasn't his office. Except it was. And he didn't
           | like the noise.
        
       | dasil003 wrote:
       | I've certainly seen first-hand how resource constraints can lead
       | to incredible focus, creativity and a cohesive end product. I've
       | also seen how hypergrowth at scale can lead tons of waste and
       | net-negative activity. The ideal is efficient growth, which
       | requires different tricks at different stages, and becomes harder
       | and harder as you grow.
       | 
       | I dislike the VC model because there is huge pressure to keep
       | growing even when it doesn't make sense or sells out potentially
       | bigger but non-monetary ambitions. For example Twitter received
       | incredible pressure to be as big as Facebook which turned it into
       | a generic walled-garden ad-selling media app, away from the
       | potential to be message-plumbing for the Internet.
        
         | nbstme wrote:
         | Targeting an efficient number of teammates is tricky because
         | it's difficult to know and test when fewer people can achieve
         | more. Too many constraints kill growth, and not too much also
         | kill growth...
         | 
         | A fact often ignored is that big startup success didn't raise a
         | lot of money. Before their IPO, Shopify raised only $122.3M,
         | Google raised $36.1M, Linkedin $103M, King $43M, Datadog $147M,
         | Tableau $30M, and ServiceNow $83M. They all built massive
         | businesses without a lot of cash infusion.
        
           | zebraflask wrote:
           | I'm a little taken aback at 100M+ qualifying as "not a lot of
           | cash" in comparison to, say, YC's usual funding level for
           | brand new companies?
           | 
           | I think it might be restating the obvious to say that a
           | company pulling in 100M+ is no longer a startup, it's an
           | established (even if relatively new) company in aggressive
           | growth mode.
        
             | cipheredStones wrote:
             | Are you saying that raising $100M makes a company _ipso
             | facto_ no longer a startup, or that some transformation
             | that makes it a startup has almost always happened by then?
             | 
             | I joined my last company about a year before they raised a
             | Series C that brought total funding to $95M, and I think
             | that by almost any other definition it was a startup before
             | and afterwards.
             | 
             | (And it was enough of a startup to do a "hard pivot" to
             | something largely unrelated when the pandemic destroyed its
             | core business model, instead of shutting down.)
        
             | askafriend wrote:
             | Competitive Senior Eng packages in this market are
             | ~$350-500k (incl equity), and the fully loaded cost to hire
             | is probably something closer to $1m per engineer.
             | 
             | Yes $100M is a lot in absolute terms, but depending on what
             | you're trying to achieve, how many people you need to
             | achieve it, and what your timeline is, $100M might not be
             | so crazy in context.
        
             | jzoch wrote:
             | look at companies like dataminr or plenty - they have taken
             | over a billion dollars in funding afaik. That level of cash
             | is pretty rare for successful companies from what I see.
             | 100M is a lot too though - i don't disagree.
        
           | alisonkisk wrote:
        
       | Seattle3503 wrote:
       | > For instance, the crypto exchange FTX with 150 employees rivals
       | Coinbase and its 4115 employees.
       | 
       | I bet Coinbase has better customer support. Customer support for
       | a financial institution can be 1000+ people, which inflates
       | numbers but has a huge impact on the customer.
       | 
       | Imagine you deposit 10k and your balance isn't showing up. A
       | company with 150 employees is going to try to use the same
       | (potentially broken) automated systems to help you. It can be
       | really comforting to know there is a human on the other end
       | looking at your account and saying, "yeah that doesn't look
       | right, let me fix this for you."
        
         | tluyben2 wrote:
         | > I bet Coinbase has better customer support. Customer support
         | for a financial institution can be 1000+ people, which inflates
         | numbers but has a huge impact on the customer.
         | 
         | I have no experience, but whenever I read about coinbase
         | support, people are crying how horrible it is. Reading only
         | now, people are calling it The Worst they ever encountered.
         | Anyone with experience here?
        
           | Seattle3503 wrote:
           | If you look at volume Coinbase does something like 2x as much
           | volume as FTX. Volume isn't the end all be all of an
           | exchange, but we would expect larger exchanges with more
           | trading users to have more complaints.
        
       | waffle_maniac wrote:
       | Who asks their acquaintances for revenue numbers? Most employees
       | at a small startup won't know anyway.
        
       | zackmorris wrote:
       | Craigslist went from 50 employees in 2017 to 407 today, and I
       | wonder if that's partly responsible for its decline. Facebook
       | Marketplace was probably the last straw, but a smaller Craigslist
       | might have been able to pivot and innovate ahead of them.
       | 
       | Back in the 90s, I always wanted to be in a small startup that
       | was mostly open source or maybe part of a software developer
       | guild that pooled resources with other startups. Then every time
       | a startup won the internet lottery, it would invest the proceeds
       | into the local community or pay into UBI.
       | 
       | But even today, there's no way to come up with the roughly
       | $24,000 per year it costs to live in the rural US, so we all
       | still work for the mega corps in one way or another, saving for a
       | day we might free ourselves which never comes.
        
         | nbstme wrote:
         | Interesting for Craiglist! Maybe they started hiring more in
         | 2017 when their traffic decreased to fund new initiatives, and
         | it finally didn't work out. Or perhaps it worked out, and they
         | stabilized the traffic around 300m visitors per month. Who
         | knows!
         | 
         | Don't you think there are more and more developers - for now
         | the most elite ones - who manage to live out of contributions
         | from grants or github sponsoring?
        
           | zackmorris wrote:
           | Ya there are, but it's such a vanishingly small percentage
           | that it's not material.
           | 
           | There's good stuff like Y Combinator, and I was excited when
           | it started because it seemed to grok that the fundamental
           | problem in startups is that first $10,000. But (and this may
           | be a controversial opinion) I feel like they fell into the
           | same trap that every other incubator falls for, which is
           | catering to elites. Now it seems to be a bit gamified,
           | filtered through the lens of a certain youth demographic
           | pitching to wealthy investors for large sums of money
           | ($125,000), like the show Shark Tank.
           | 
           | I would very much like to see something that looks more like
           | the grant system you mentioned, where small amounts of money
           | could be obtained with relatively few hoops or strings
           | attached. I've had countless times in my life where $5,000 or
           | $10,000 would have given me the runway that I needed to
           | finish a project and make money. But the money never came, so
           | those all ended in failure, and a person can only fail so
           | many times into midlife before playing the game itself feels
           | like failing. If I knew in the 90s what I know now, I maybe
           | wouldn't have chosen tech as a career.
           | 
           | The flip side is that I've survived on almost nothing for so
           | many years, that I feel a calling to work towards providing
           | income to everyone, everywhere. I think that's something we
           | can manifest if we go back to first principles. I'd propose
           | studying the history of such attempts and discovering which
           | steps of the process were sabotaged by external pressures,
           | then routing around that interference. Basically a startup
           | working to solve the problem of income. The fact that this
           | sounds at least a little preposterous seems more like of a
           | failure of capitalism to me, than something fundamental.
           | 
           | A practical attempt at this might look like building solar
           | farms to power cryptocurrency mining, to route around the
           | problem of energy markets not buying alternative energy from
           | homeowners at the going rate. Every market has that kind of
           | defect that can be exploited. But they're difficult to see
           | when we're at the losing end of the bargain as consumers, or
           | dependent on the cashflow they generate as employees.
           | 
           | I might be slightly bitter after watching no movement on this
           | in over 25 years, so please take what I'm saying with a grain
           | of salt. I'm also super-optimistic about stuff like solarpunk
           | :-)
        
         | fragmede wrote:
         | Or, maybe a bigger Craigslist would have better predicted
         | Facebook marketplace's reach and have additional lines of
         | business so Facebook Marketplace wouldn't be such an
         | existential threat. Without additional, inside information it's
         | impossible to say.
         | 
         | Remember, Craigslist predates the cloud by a decade or so, so
         | standing up their service would be a lot easier today than when
         | they started. How much time of those 50 people was spent on
         | procurement, to the opportunity cost of having a modern
         | interface/other upgrades.
        
         | bps4484 wrote:
         | "but a smaller Craigslist might have been able to pivot and
         | innovate ahead of them."
         | 
         | I feel like they had a small team that didn't innovate for 20
         | years. Whether they were 10 employees or 10,000 they were due
         | to have someone figure out a better way.
        
           | fragmede wrote:
           | One of those 9,950/10,000 employees would have figured out
           | that better way. Size matters when there are multiple orders
           | of magnitude of difference.
        
             | verve_rat wrote:
             | Sure, one of them would have figured it out. But then they
             | would spend the next year trying to get managers to listen
             | and would eventually quit out of frustration.
             | 
             | Counterfactuals are fun!
        
         | xmprt wrote:
         | Craiglist's biggest advantage in the past was their userbase.
         | They didn't make the website that user friendly. I might be an
         | outlier on HN but I'd rather give my number and email once to a
         | large corporation instead of having to use that email/number to
         | directly call strangers, asking about what they're selling.
         | They also have a problem with duplicate or irrelevant listings
         | when you search for low volume items.
         | 
         | Once Facebook Marketplace came in and essentially wiped away
         | all those roadblocks. Facebook has its own share of problems
         | but those are mostly with the people who are still using it and
         | the ads. The marketplace product works pretty well.
        
       | phkahler wrote:
       | Just be sure they're not contracting out development to
       | artificially reduce the FTE count and increase this ratio.
       | 
       | Another strange ration was a CEO at a tier 1 automotive supplier
       | telling us he was looking at engineering as a percent of sales
       | (or revenue or similar). We were above the industry average which
       | seemed to indicate spending "too much" on engineering. My first
       | thought was that a lot of engineering (vehicle specific
       | calibration and software tweaking and integration) was on a per-
       | vehicle basis, so that metric could be improved by not taking the
       | smaller production programs. DUH. But as a leader it makes sense
       | to grab all that business, including the less profitable
       | projects. Maybe those are even a basket of programs with one OEM
       | negotiated all at once. Who knows.
        
         | texasbigdata wrote:
         | Especially if you're not capitalizing any of that spend and
         | expensing it all to be conservative in your financial
         | reporting.
         | 
         | The eng spend could benefit you later down the road so it's
         | perhaps naive to say it's bad to be above industry average
        
       | devops000 wrote:
       | It's a cultural legacy of the old businesses that were human
       | intensive. Now there is a lot of use of technology that is harder
       | to see from the outside. Clearly those who judge a technology
       | startup by the number of people indicate a low understanding of
       | the scaling capabilities provided by technology.
        
         | nbstme wrote:
         | Interesting, thanks for sharing. I'm still amazed that
         | Microsoft, with 144,000 employees, still has a revenue per
         | employee of $932,000! What a monster business!
        
           | opportune wrote:
           | Microsoft has a lot of vendors and contractors. I'd be
           | curious to see how the number changes when you include, say,
           | everybody with an active @microsoft.com email.
        
           | duped wrote:
           | What you really want to look at is net income per employee,
           | which for MSFT is around $415k. Compare to Amazon with is
           | iirc around $50k (just goes to show why software-first
           | businesses are so attractive to investors)
        
             | opportune wrote:
             | Microsoft has a lot of vendors and contractors that aren't
             | technically employees but are, in an abstract sense, part
             | of their workforce and payroll.
             | 
             | Amazon also has a lot of contractors, but IIRC most of
             | their warehouse employees (the vast majority by number) are
             | FTE. Also I think Amazon has many multiples of Microsoft's
             | "employees" as a result.
             | 
             | For sure software has big margins but I think there is a
             | lot of nuance lost when looking at these gameable FTE
             | counts
        
               | duped wrote:
               | That's why you look at net income and not revenue
        
             | efficax wrote:
             | depends how much net income is being reduced by capital
             | investment costs... for example amazon has been
             | bootstrapping its own version of fedex. They could probably
             | raise net income in the short term by just using existing
             | carriers, but they clearly think long-term profits will be
             | improved by burning money on rolling out an entire internal
             | logistics org.
        
           | devops000 wrote:
           | You can find something similar in consulting businesses:
           | 
           | - Mckinsey Revenue: $10.B, Employees: 30.000 -> Revenue per
           | employee: $333K
           | 
           | - Accenture Revenue: $50B, Employees: 674,000 -> Revenue per
           | employee: $74K
        
             | pc86 wrote:
             | I think this just shows how underpaid so many people at
             | Accenture must be. You figure out of nearly 3/4 of a
             | million employees, they must have several hundred, maybe a
             | thousand or more executives making $200-500k/yr in salary.
             | There must be a ton of consultants doing the grunt work for
             | $30-50k to make that feasible.
        
               | alexpetralia wrote:
               | Given that Accenture does a ton of outsourcing, I'd
               | imagine it is a magnitude less than $30-50k.
        
       | yardie wrote:
       | "There are plenty of examples in which small teams outcompete
       | large teams on the same market. For instance, the crypto exchange
       | FTX with 150 employees rivals Coinbase and its 4115 employees. I
       | admire how small groups of people have built incredible
       | businesses."
       | 
       | Me reading that as I'm casually walking by FTX Arena, Miami right
       | now.
        
         | nbstme wrote:
         | haha FTX = small team but big adversiting budget!
        
       | physicsgraph wrote:
       | The advantage to smaller teams is nimbleness; the advantage to
       | larger teams is robustness to perturbations. These are not
       | mutually exclusive, but in practice a small (nimble) and robust
       | team is challenging to build since the balance of personalities
       | and skills requires intent and access to amazing hiring
       | opportunities.
        
       | rsweeney21 wrote:
       | I agree with the premise of this blog post. But there are
       | downsides to having a small team. We're a bootstrapped startup
       | with 15 employees. When we lose an employee (sickness,
       | termination, voluntary) it really hurts us. We have a 3 person
       | sales team. One sales person down means a 33% loss in our
       | pipeline. When our accountant is out, that's the entire
       | department.
       | 
       | 50-100 seems like the sweet spot for having enough coverage in
       | responsibilities and spreading risk. But maybe we'll get there
       | and it will still feel like we don't have enough people.
        
         | nbstme wrote:
         | Thanks for sharing! I also suffered from this when we were less
         | than 20 people. From my experience, once you reach roughly 50
         | people, you have enough redundancies among functions to not be
         | hurt by a departure.
        
         | r00fus wrote:
         | How do you manage a 50-100 person team?
         | 
         | Honestly that sounds as bad as a skeleton crew of 1-3 people.
         | 
         | The reality is that oft-hated word _bureaucracy_ is what 's
         | needed. A hierarchy.
         | 
         | Using a military analogy: "teams" of 2-3 ppl, 2 teams in a
         | squad, 3-4 squads in a platoon, 3-4 platoons in a company, etc,
         | etc.
         | 
         | Each of those entities in the organization should have a lead.
         | Someone who's responsible for their group's performance.
         | 
         | Now you can stretch this, and minimize paperwork to expand say,
         | a squad to 10-12 people (instead of the 7) but that either
         | requires a talented squad lead, or some stuff gets ignored (ok
         | for short term, not good long term).
         | 
         | If you have large loose teams without a hierarchy it's madness
        
       | okareaman wrote:
       | > _It often leads to what I call the "hiring death cycle." A
       | startup faced with a problem tends to hire more people, making it
       | harder to solve the problem and thus requiring even more hires.
       | The death cycle is reinforced by the "next hire fallacy," in
       | which, supposedly, the next recruit will suddenly solve the
       | problem. It's common to fall into this vicious cycle and hard to
       | break out of it. _
       | 
       | Also here: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Mythical_Man-Month
        
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