[HN Gopher] Illicit activity a tiny part of cryptocurrency use
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       Illicit activity a tiny part of cryptocurrency use
        
       Author : steelstraw
       Score  : 42 points
       Date   : 2022-01-06 20:21 UTC (2 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.axios.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.axios.com)
        
       | PragmaticPulp wrote:
       | Misleading headline. Very misleading.
       | 
       | They took a list of addresses that were known to be associated
       | with illicit activity and calculated what percent of transactions
       | went to those specific addresses:
       | 
       | > Transactions involving illicit addresses represented just 0.15%
       | of cryptocurrency transaction...
       | 
       | Unless you believe they've identified all of the illicit
       | addresses (they haven't) then this report is worthless for
       | anything other than those specific addresses.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | amluto wrote:
         | The calculation of licit activity is a bit dubious, too. For
         | example, the foreign exchange market has an overall volume of
         | $6 trillion or so. It does not follow that the US GDP is only
         | about 1% of total currency transactions and is therefore
         | immaterial (or alternatively that currency in general is
         | useless because 99% of global transactions are unproductive).
         | 
         | I'm also suspicious that Chainalysis doesn't understand the
         | UTXO model. If you have $1bn of Bitcoin in a single "account"
         | (UTXO) and you spend $1, you just "transacted $1bn". I don't
         | know if there are good stats on what fraction of "total volume"
         | consists of cryptocurrency holders simply making change for
         | themselves. It's not immediately obvious from the blockchain
         | which transactions outputs are actually intended for parties
         | other than the originator of the transaction.
        
           | cwkoss wrote:
           | Chainalysis is very misleading, and a lot of naive people are
           | taking their claims at face value.
           | 
           | Any chain analysis software either:
           | 
           | - Has insider information from all of the major exchanges, or
           | 
           | - Is just guessing about almost everything, so their analysis
           | is based on many layers of questionable assumptions.
        
         | steelstraw wrote:
         | What's the alternative? This shows what % is known to be
         | illicit. No crime stats about anything capture 100% of illicit
         | activity, yet it's still useful information. Anything else is
         | just guesswork.
        
       | bombcar wrote:
       | Conceding a significant (perhaps most) of cryptocurrency use is
       | for speculation, and little is used for "economic" activity of
       | any type, it would follow that most can't be "illicit".
       | 
       | This may change now that most speculation is "off book" at
       | exchanges anyway now.
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | jl6 wrote:
       | Not reporting capital gains on a cryptocurrency sale would also
       | be illicit, and I doubt they checked everyone's tax returns.
        
         | TacticalCoder wrote:
         | > Not reporting capital gains on a cryptocurrency sale would
         | also be illicit...
         | 
         | That's really a US-centric view of things. There are places
         | with 0% tax on capital gains and no need to report any.
        
           | ska wrote:
           | It's not really US-centric, although it is an assumption. At
           | least a large fraction of jurisdictions require reporting of
           | this, and may also require it for transfers, FX etc.
           | 
           | It's probably a reasonable assumption that a significant
           | amount (majority?) of blockchain activity is breaking tax and
           | reporting laws somewhere, albeit some of it a mostly
           | technology-outpacing-legislation way rather than intentional.
        
           | olliej wrote:
           | I suspect even the places with 0% tax on gains, you're
           | required to report the income.
           | 
           | That said: The places with 0% gains are generally low
           | population, as an individual you don't get to choose where to
           | report taxes - you report taxes wherever you are resident.
           | Getting to avoid taxes remains a privilege for corporations
           | and those rich enough to justify exciting trust games.
        
         | BLKNSLVR wrote:
         | That's yet another example where the mighty US dollar would
         | dwarf cryptocurrency.
         | 
         | Along with money laundering and buying drugs.
        
       | woofcat wrote:
       | >Transactions involving illicit addresses represented just 0.15%
       | of cryptocurrency transaction volume in 2021 despite the raw
       | value of illicit transaction volume reaching its highest level
       | ever. As always, we have to caveat this figure and say that it is
       | likely to rise as Chainalysis identifies more addresses
       | associated with illicit activity and incorporates their
       | transaction activity into our historical volumes.
       | 
       | So basically this report is pretty useless.
        
       | NovemberWhiskey wrote:
       | The ratio here appears to be "transactions used for criminal
       | purposes divided by all transactions on blockchains". I'm not
       | sure that's a very interesting number, even assuming you can be
       | definitive about the former (which the reports admits it isn't).
       | 
       | I would love to see, for example, "purchases of illegal goods and
       | services divided by all goods and services on blockchains".
        
       | cheriot wrote:
       | I'd be interested in the % of crypto transactions that are pure
       | speculation. People do use it to pay for goods, sign contracts,
       | etc. Are there more _legal_ value creating transactions than
       | illegal ones?
        
         | mgraczyk wrote:
         | This metric basically just tells you how liquid the currency
         | market is. Look at forex markets for traditional currencies.
         | 
         | USD/EUR trading is over $3B daily. Does that tell you anything
         | about USD as a currency, beside there being liquid markets?
        
       | periheli0n wrote:
       | What is the methodology behind determining whether crypto
       | transactions were illicit? I thought the whole point of using
       | crypto was that transactions could not be traced.
       | 
       | Edit: The report seems to imply that they somehow identified
       | "illicit addresses", but do not say how. Perhaps I'm too
       | scientific but I would really like to see a "Methods" section in
       | this report. The lack of that makes it very difficult to draw
       | reliably conclusions from that piece.
        
         | anonporridge wrote:
         | > I thought the whole point of using crypto was that
         | transactions could not be traced.
         | 
         | A commonly believed false narrative. Bitcoin transactions are
         | intrinsically more traceable and verifiably incorruptable than
         | anything that exists in the traditional financial world, which
         | is teaming with fraud and criminal behavior, both explicitly
         | illegal and criminal behavior sanctioned by government
         | insiders.
         | 
         | The hidden message from Satoshi in the genesis block gives a
         | better foundation for the reason they created it.
         | https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Genesis_block
         | 
         | > The Times 03/Jan/2009 Chancellor on brink of second bailout
         | for banks
         | 
         | Privacy lovers are mostly using Monero now.
        
           | periheli0n wrote:
           | Yes, of course that's what the blockchain is about, but there
           | is usually no information attached to a transaction that
           | would identify it as illicit, like a note saying "this was
           | for banned substances", "thank you for placing the bomb", or
           | "Enjoy your new superyacht, Sergej". Therefore it is not
           | possible to trace illicit transactions, unless one defines
           | illicit as referring solely to using stolen crypto.
        
         | mrkramer wrote:
         | >What is the methodology behind determining whether crypto
         | transactions were illicit? I thought the whole point of using
         | crypto was that transactions could not be traced.
         | 
         | The whole purpose of Bitcoin is to decentralize trust though
         | p2p distributed and decentralized database called blockchain
         | and to solve "double spend" problem.
         | 
         | Read Bitcoin whitepaper.
        
         | NovemberWhiskey wrote:
         | That's not the point at all - every transaction on a
         | distributed ledger can be tracked. It's not necessary to know
         | ownership of an account to know whether a transaction is
         | illicit; for example, a theft from an exchange or a hack on a
         | DeFi contract.
        
           | pydry wrote:
           | It depends on the crime. If I bought drugs on a darknet
           | exchange how would the researcher know to include that in the
           | 0.15%?
           | 
           | They don't. Not unless, e.g. that exchange gets busted and
           | leaks _all_ of its data.
           | 
           | This title should really be "easily identified illicit
           | transactions constitute 0.15% of trading volume".
           | 
           | Which I'd say counts as a lot.
        
           | spicybright wrote:
           | Those kinds of heists are probably 1% of illicit
           | transactions. We're talking more about buying drugs and
           | exchanging crypto between two seemingly clean wallets.
        
           | periheli0n wrote:
           | OK, in that case "illicit" is defined as related to fraud in
           | the crypto exchange itself. It does not refer to activities
           | like e.g. buying banned substances, oligarchs circumventing
           | sanctions, etc.
           | 
           | If this is really the message of the article, then it is
           | misleading, perhaps even deliberately so, to make crypto look
           | good.
        
           | gtvwill wrote:
           | That's a very narrow definition of an illicit transaction. I
           | mean you seem to ignore simple facts like how ownership alone
           | can dictate if a transaction is illicit.
           | 
           | Bit hard to tell me your not sending money to foreign nation
           | States or supporting terrorism if you can't prove you know
           | the identity of owners of the accounts your transacting with.
        
       | shkkmo wrote:
       | This seems like a article that is intended to be misleading. The
       | report itself acknowledges a huge level of inaccuracy.
       | 
       | > As always, we have to caveat this figure and say that it is
       | likely to rise as Chainalysis identifies more addresses
       | associated with illicit activity and incorporates their
       | transaction activity into our historical volumes. For instance,
       | we found in our last Crypto Crime Report that 0.34% of 2020's
       | cryptocurrency transaction volume was associated with illicit
       | activity -- we've now raised that figure to 0.62%.
       | 
       | A more correct summary is: .15% of transaction activity was with
       | addresses identified by Chainalysis as associated with illegal
       | activity.
       | 
       | There are huge assumptions here about Chainalysis's ability and
       | criteria for detecting illicit activity.
        
       | pydry wrote:
       | I'm very curious how they measured darknet transactions for stuff
       | like child abuse or drugs and how they came out so low.
       | 
       | I'm a bit suspicious that the more easily identified transactions
       | (e.g. ransomware with publicized addresses) seem to be orders of
       | magnitude higher.
        
         | epgui wrote:
         | Short answer is they didn't measure that.
        
       | noyeastguy wrote:
       | This would have to be a shallow definition of illicit. I think
       | wasting energy, hoarding GPUs, baiting unsophisticated investors
       | could be all be considered illicit activity. By that definition
       | all of cryptocurrency is illicit.
        
         | kube-system wrote:
         | Chainalysis is using the prevailing definition of illicit.
        
           | noyeastguy wrote:
           | https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/illicit "In any
           | case, illicit may be used of behavior that is either unlawful
           | or immoral."
           | 
           | Putting carbon into the atmosphere (to the detriment of
           | unborn people) in order to circumvent the laws of society and
           | intentionally create a speculative bubble meant to pray on
           | the unsophisticated investors and rob them of wealth is the
           | definition of immoral behavior. Cryptocurrency was designed
           | to disrupt laws (and has been used, see selling drugs on
           | crypto, ransomware), so it must also be considered unlawful.
        
             | kube-system wrote:
             | > in order to circumvent the laws of society
             | 
             | You have embedded your conclusion in your premise. "Doing
             | [x] 'in order to break the law' is illicit." is true for
             | any activity [x].
             | 
             | > Cryptocurrency was designed to disrupt laws (and has been
             | used, see selling drugs on crypto, ransomware), so it must
             | also be considered unlawful.
             | 
             | 1. We don't really know the intentions of the people who
             | invented the first cryptocurrencies. Their stated intent
             | was not for illicit uses.
             | 
             | 2. Human intent doesn't transfer through technology to
             | other people via the transitive property through use of a
             | technology.
        
         | BLKNSLVR wrote:
         | Hoarding GPUs?
         | 
         | That's just capitalism at work; the market; supply and demand.
        
       | jbkiv wrote:
       | I would be interested in learning more about that. I have been in
       | discussion with Chainanalysis and other companies. We are
       | building an app / risk management process for average investors
       | in crypto and NFTs. Think about a very secure wallet, with cold
       | storage, and a near real time app that would trigger an alert if
       | you are transferring crypto to a wallet tagged as high risk. We
       | are building a database of what we call good/bad wallet
       | addresses. Just created wallet? Flagged, transaction may be
       | delayed 12 or 24 hours,etc... Can we be wrong? Of course and in
       | that case we would insure that/you would get reimbursed. Example:
       | somebody hacked into your wallet as you were seeking help on
       | discourse, got the QR code, tries to transfer the funds to a new
       | wallet. Bang, transaction on hold and you have to approve it. Any
       | of you working on a list of dubious wallet addresses?
        
       | rednerrus wrote:
       | Illicit activity is the only value add to cryptocurrency.
        
       | technion wrote:
       | I noted yesterday that if you sign up to Independent Reserve,
       | they have an "account reason" section and
       | "ransomware/cryptovirus" is actually a valid account sign up
       | reason from the pull down. I was surprised to see it so openly
       | documented.
        
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