[HN Gopher] Internet disrupted in Kazakhstan amid energy price p...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Internet disrupted in Kazakhstan amid energy price protests
        
       Author : r721
       Score  : 251 points
       Date   : 2022-01-05 12:17 UTC (10 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (netblocks.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (netblocks.org)
        
       | nikanj wrote:
       | Not that long ago Kazakhstan was considered very attractive for
       | BTC miners.
       | https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-12-09/bitcoin-b...
       | 
       | One of the surprising features of the crypto boom is the
       | discovery of places where the price of energy is directly
       | subsidized, or otherwise broken (e.g. you can just bribe the head
       | of the city power plant, instead of paying your power bill).
        
         | SilasX wrote:
         | Wait, really? It wasn't possible to efficiently turn spare
         | energy into money at scale before crypto?
        
           | dustintrex wrote:
           | Not very easily: the capital expenditure required to build,
           | say, an aluminum smelter (which is how Iceland converts
           | excess geothermal into cash) is orders of magnitude more than
           | some crypto rigs.
        
             | nikanj wrote:
             | And once you've built it, you have to have the aluminum ore
             | shipped to you, and get the processed aluminum shipped to
             | the world market.
             | 
             | A BTC mine fits into a few shipping containers, needs no
             | in-out logistics, and can easily be transported around as
             | needed
        
               | throwaway0a5e wrote:
               | Containers or a warehouse of miners also has far less
               | effect on anything local. You don't have to worry nearly
               | as much about local oligarchs or regulators getting
               | uppity and trying to shut you down.
        
               | beckman466 wrote:
               | > Containers or a warehouse of miners also has far less
               | effect on anything local.
               | 
               | uhm what? the presence of miners mean energy prices rise
               | as well as more environmental destruction to produce
               | energy, especially if it's a place without green(er)
               | energy production.
        
               | bellyfullofbac wrote:
               | Even if it's green, wouldn't it be better if that
               | produced energy goes somewhere to replace non-green
               | energy, rather than to calculate hashes that are mostly
               | thrown away?
               | 
               | Obviously it's all stupidly chaotic, there might be a
               | huge waterfall somewhere, and if we ignore the natural
               | beauty aspects, before some cryptobros show up with money
               | (however tangible) to build a hydropower plant and some
               | wires to their container site, that waterfall's energy is
               | not being utilized...
        
               | beckman466 wrote:
               | > Even if it's green, wouldn't it be better if that
               | produced energy goes somewhere to replace non-green
               | energy, rather than to calculate hashes that are mostly
               | thrown away?
               | 
               | yep, that's my argument above. and i personally wouldn't
               | say hashes "are mostly thrown away", i would argue
               | they're _all_ thrown away, especially when considering
               | this  'tech' will become defunct in a few years.
               | 
               |  _"In what may be the best expression yet of capitalist
               | realism, a new tool for free market speculation has
               | become for many a populist symbol of resistance to the
               | ravages of finance capitalism."_
               | 
               | https://mronline.org/2021/12/28/cryptocurrencies-a-view-
               | from...
        
               | hippich wrote:
               | prices rise until mine is moved to different place with
               | cheap (for now) energy.
        
               | beckman466 wrote:
               | > A BTC mine fits into a few shipping containers, needs
               | no in-out logistics, and can easily be transported around
               | as needed
               | 
               | ...yet creates absolutely zero _actual_ value.
               | 
               | it is one of the greatest and most destructive
               | speculative pyramid schemes yet.
        
               | danlugo92 wrote:
               | > ...yet creates absolutely zero actual value.
               | 
               | It's only the first uncensorable / decentralized kind of
               | money, nah must be nothing.
        
               | nikanj wrote:
               | Is this censorship?
               | https://www.businessinsider.com/bitcoin-cryptocurrency-
               | excha...
        
               | danlugo92 wrote:
               | Yes it is.
               | 
               | Censorship doesn't necessarily mean the thing being
               | censored is deterministically "bad" or "evil".
               | 
               | Bitcoin is above morality, morality is a human construct,
               | Bitcoin is math and computer science, by definition it
               | cannot have morality.
               | 
               | Now, you might or might not agree that Bitcoin should be
               | allowed to exist given it facilitates activities such as
               | the one you linked.
               | 
               | But since it's uncensorable in the first place... you
               | cannot outlaw it.
               | 
               | Pandora's box is open, and it cannot be closed once it is
               | open (unless you break Bitcoin's cryptography).
               | 
               | Uncensorability /is/ valuable, to the people that don't
               | want to be censored, and want to exchange money without
               | asking anyone permission, whether that's a drug dealer,
               | or an unbanked worker in Venezuela.
        
               | bserge wrote:
               | Only because governments don't give a flying fuck about
               | it... Yet.
               | 
               | They'll catch up eventually. See how some politicians are
               | already starting to call on mining bans.
               | 
               | They can easily fully ban it and enforce it. Let's say,
               | put mining on the same level as growing weed or making
               | heroin.
               | 
               | Your super first kind of decentralized money is now
               | fucked.
        
               | paganel wrote:
               | Plus the whole environmental nasty thing. I was born in a
               | town which hosted an aluminium smelter, my parents moved
               | from there when I was 10 months old on the advice of a
               | doctor who was a friend of theirs and who had told them
               | they should most probably seek a better place for me to
               | grow up, environmentally-wise.
        
               | _jal wrote:
               | Shame about that other environmental nasty thing related
               | to proof-of-work that renders the entire earth somewhere
               | you'd prefer not to raise a kid.
        
               | paganel wrote:
               | I was just commenting on the aluminium smelter thing
               | being very, very non-environmentally friendly at a local
               | level.
        
               | VMG wrote:
               | Depends on what the miners are being powered with.
               | 
               | Geothermal energy has very few emissions.
               | 
               | If Iceland shuts down aluminium smelters in favor of
               | bitcoin miners it is a net benefit.
        
               | OldManAndTheCpp wrote:
               | I wonder if it's more complicated that that. Narrowly
               | looking at the CO2 effects of shutting down AL smelters
               | in Iceland, that will make the global supply for the
               | metal lower, raising prices. Perhaps that would make it
               | uneconomical for usage in vehicles, meaning that cars
               | would again use heavy steel instead of aluminum. Perhaps
               | that would cause the global car fleet to burn more fuel
               | and net pollute more CO2.
        
               | OldManAndTheCpp wrote:
               | CO2 doesn't directly poison people in the same way the
               | industrial waste/emissions poison people. This
               | fundamental fact is one of the major reasons it is
               | difficult to coordinate CO2 emissions reductions -- the
               | harm is global but diffuse.
        
             | Symmetry wrote:
             | The aluminium smelter also requires collocated skilled
             | labor which is another factor.
        
             | SilasX wrote:
             | What about storage of energy in batteries for resale to the
             | grid? That's very low (or negative) return by comparison?
             | (Also probably not possible everywhere.)
             | 
             | Also, if the claim is correct (about crypto making energy
             | price arbitrage much easier), then a motivated reasoner
             | could argue that it has had the positive effect of
             | eliminating inefficiencies by forcing energy to obey the
             | "law of one price".
             | 
             | Which, to clarify, doesn't necessarily make it positive-sum
             | overall, but still needs to be weighed against its energy
             | usage cost to accurately gauge the full effect.
        
               | iso1210 wrote:
               | Presumably generating blue hydrogen is an obvious way to
               | export free power
        
               | stefan_ wrote:
               | Where is the arbitrage? Mining crypto in Kazakhstan with
               | subsidized energy can not do anything to reduce the MWh
               | price in Germany. There is only up and up as energy is
               | irrecoverably burned for crypto.
               | 
               | Even better, the price of crypto is so high that it can
               | be profitably mined even in countries with very high
               | consumer power prices. I want to see you travel to
               | Kazakhstan and tell them that paying 35 cents per kWh now
               | that all the production goes towards crypto has had the
               | positive effect of eliminating inefficiencies - namely
               | the consumption of people living there. You might not
               | make it back alive.
        
               | SilasX wrote:
               | >Where is the arbitrage? Mining crypto in Kazakhstan with
               | subsidized energy can not do anything to reduce the MWh
               | price in Germany. There is only up and up as energy is
               | irrecoverably burned for crypto.
               | 
               | I already said in the comment that it is "probably not
               | possible everywhere". But to clarify that hypothetical,
               | the arbitrage would be reselling the energy to whatever
               | energy use-cases exist in Kazakhstan that aren't
               | subsidized (which probably exist since it's unaffordable
               | to subsidize energy everywhere in a country without
               | bound).
               | 
               | Also, really? Is that your standard for the merit of an
               | argument? Whether Kazakhstanis will kill you over it? I
               | explained in detail how the efficiency manifests in
               | another comment [1], and (also) already said it doesn't
               | necessarily cancel the negative effects of crypto.
               | 
               | [1] https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=29809318
        
               | BlueTemplar wrote:
               | Price doesn't matter, profit does. And mining difficulty
               | automatically adjusts to price so that the profit (also
               | from transaction fees) tends to zero (whether from the
               | top or from the bottom). I've seen the average Opex
               | estimated at 60%, but that was some years ago...
               | 
               | (Also, an expectation of prices being higher than they
               | "should" would mean that one has to consider an incoming
               | crash and the whole operation should probably start
               | getting wound down, so as not to be left holding the bag
               | with now (almost) worthless cryptocurrencies and mining
               | rigs. In that sense, yeah, you're probably better off
               | staying closer to home, which I'll assume to be one of
               | those "high consumer power price" countries.)
        
               | BlueTemplar wrote:
               | Energy storage is not particularly cheap.
               | 
               | And not particularly efficient : if you cannot beat the
               | highest market prices...
               | 
               | And comes with the risk of catastrophic release of that
               | stored energy. Which means that the authorities will be
               | much more interested in getting involved !
               | 
               | And the biggest issue is that if you try to become an
               | energy seller, it becomes much harder to go under the
               | radar as part of the black or grey market ?
        
               | acdha wrote:
               | There's an interesting short term versus long term
               | discussion: if a place has cheap electricity (hydro,
               | geothermal, solar, etc.) for a while it becomes appealing
               | for people to reconfigure around it -- electrification
               | for homes & vehicles, building heavy industry or cloud
               | data centers, etc. If someone can deliver shipping
               | containers full of cryptocurrency mining hardware, they
               | can very quickly soak up that extra capacity, maybe even
               | drive prices up a bit, and it has no benefit to the
               | surrounding community other than perhaps a maintenance
               | job.
        
               | SilasX wrote:
               | To make my point more concrete in terms of your example,
               | the benefit would be something like:
               | 
               | Let's say Iceland has some natural advantage in fishing,
               | because of the great fish around there. But, because our
               | world violates the law of one price, it's instead of
               | profitable to smelt aluminum there instead of fishing[2],
               | and the world is deprived of the utility gain from the
               | fish captured and shipped[1].
               | 
               | But then, once the world obeys "one energy price", the
               | smelting doesn't make sense and they go back to fishing
               | (while the imported crypto miners sop up the extra
               | energy).
               | 
               | [1] hopefully with sustainable management
               | 
               | [2] They still fish there, today and in the hypothetical,
               | but probably much less than the optimum.
        
               | acdha wrote:
               | Those seem fairly separate industries -- I don't know how
               | many power-plant operators would switch to fishing. The
               | process I was thinking of would be more like this:
               | 
               | 1. A major hydro / geothermal / solar / etc. project goes
               | online providing n GW/day
               | 
               | 2. Usage within the region where that power can viably be
               | transmitted is 0.2n so there isn't pressure to elevate
               | prices. Because the power supply is based on the local
               | geography, there isn't a way to bring production closer
               | to the consumers in distant areas (e.g. a solar farm is
               | going to be more productive in Arizon even if you want to
               | power a factory in Portland).
               | 
               | 3. Ordinarily, someone who owns, say, an aluminum smelter
               | might consider building a new one in that region to take
               | advantage of the guaranteed green power rather than
               | facing escalating prices based on competition and
               | emissions controls take effect. However, if someone ships
               | a bunch of cryptocurrency miners in to soak up any
               | available power there won't be slack capacity and that's
               | guaranteed to happen because they can ship containers of
               | mining hardware in days whereas building an industrial
               | facility takes years.
        
             | meheleventyone wrote:
             | Just FYI most of the energy in Iceland goes into smelting.
             | It's not excess the capacity has been expanded and
             | continues to be expanded to power smelting.
             | 
             | https://nea.is/hydro-power/power-intensive-industries/nr/70
             | 
             | It's also quite borderline as to whether or not it breaks
             | even these days. Supply chain woes increasing prices have
             | helped last year for example but before that they were
             | losing money.
             | 
             | https://www.ruv.is/frett/2021/09/14/icelandic-smelters-
             | helpe...
        
           | pjc50 wrote:
           | The electricity in this case is not "spare", just at non-
           | global prices. Electricity generation has always been managed
           | by turning down the generation to match the demand.
           | 
           | Your point below about battery storage: battery storage has
           | only just become economically viable at the best of times,
           | and that relies on getting paid to provide "fast frequency
           | response" - stabilisation as a service.
        
         | beckman466 wrote:
         | > One of the surprising features of the crypto boom is the
         | discovery of places where the price of energy is directly
         | subsidized, or otherwise broken
         | 
         | are you really arguing that letting the market work on energy
         | instead of having somewhat democratic state run utilities works
         | well? i think the evidence speaks for itself. what do you see?
         | 
         | https://www.wsws.org/en/articles/2021/04/10/texa-a10.html
         | 
         | https://www.wsws.org/en/articles/2021/06/01/texa-j01.html
         | 
         | https://www.wsws.org/en/articles/2021/03/08/texa-m08.html
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | baybal2 wrote:
         | The Xive, the biggest mining business there actually don't mine
         | itself. They lease self-contained mines in ISO containers, and
         | a membership in the pool.
         | 
         | Anybody with access to near free electricity gets it hauled, or
         | even flown to him, then they only have to wire-in few kiloamps
         | of power, and internet.
        
         | trembolram wrote:
         | They are now disconnected from the global Internet. What
         | happens to all BTC transactions made in Kazakhstan? Will the
         | local network accept them? What will happen to them when the
         | Internet connection to the global world is back?
        
           | VMG wrote:
           | They can use a satellite connection. There are ready-made
           | setups for this: https://blockstream.com/satellite/
        
           | xxpor wrote:
           | As a someone ignorant occational user: It'd operate similar
           | to a git repo no? Transactions within KZ would be accepted by
           | the local chain, which would then be merged when reconnected.
           | If there's a conflict you have to decide which chain is the
           | correct one, which in this case would be the global version.
        
             | 8organicbits wrote:
             | When the network is segmented multiple chains could form.
             | Likely KZ would have a very low hash rate, so that segment
             | would take very long to form blocks (or never complete
             | any). Once the networks rejoin, the global chain almost
             | certainly "wins" and the local chain is ignored.
             | Transactions written to a KZ block will show some
             | confirmations, but won't remain in the eventual dominant
             | chain.
        
               | nybble41 wrote:
               | The global chain will "win" but transactions made in the
               | local chain can be retried in the global chain after the
               | networks rejoin so long as there are no conflicts. Absent
               | deliberate or accidental double-spending, the biggest
               | source of conflicts would be the mining rewards from the
               | local chain since these rewards never existed in the
               | global chain and cannot be carried over. There is a
               | 100-block waiting period before mining rewards can be
               | spent specifically to avoid this issue for shorter-term
               | forks, but it could still be a problem in the event of
               | sustained network fragmentation.
               | 
               | On the bright side, it's not necessary to have full
               | Internet connectivity to keep the local chain in sync
               | with the global chain. A single local node with access to
               | the global blockchain (via a VPN or dedicated satellite
               | receiver[0] or multiple upstream Internet connections
               | near the border) can ensure that the local chain is
               | constantly synchronized with the global one, and even
               | forward local transactions for inclusion in the global
               | blockchain.
               | 
               | [0] https://blockstream.com/satellite/
        
         | h4kor wrote:
         | Just stumbled over this site being down because of the shutdown
         | https://blockchair.com/
        
         | _jal wrote:
         | > discovery of places where the price of energy is directly
         | subsidized, or otherwise broken
         | 
         | So, an anti-state financial mechanism subsidized by governments
         | and fraud. There is nothing new under the sun.
        
           | tsol wrote:
           | What are the prior examples of this happening?
        
       | londons_explore wrote:
       | Name a country which _hasn 't_ done this when >30% of the
       | population are on the streets with pitchforks.
       | 
       | I think even western countries would do the same, they've just
       | not had protests big enough in recent history.
        
         | dandanua wrote:
         | USA had the White House attacked by a significant mob just one
         | year ago. Why didn't they cut the internet?
        
           | zozbot234 wrote:
           | Capitol, not White House.
        
           | huntertwo wrote:
           | > >30% of the population are on the streets with pitchforks
        
           | sAbakumoff wrote:
           | The mob was not that significant. It's the defense system
           | that failed intentionally.
        
             | redanddead wrote:
             | Intentionally?
        
               | sAbakumoff wrote:
               | source: https://www.justsecurity.org/79623/crisis-of-
               | command-the-pen...
               | 
               | According to a report released last month, Christopher
               | Miller, who served as acting Secretary of the Defense on
               | Jan. 6, told the Department's inspector general that he
               | feared "if we put U.S. military personnel on the Capitol,
               | I would have created the greatest Constitutional crisis
               | probably since the Civil War." In congressional
               | testimony, he said he was also cognizant of "fears that
               | the President would invoke the Insurrection Act to
               | politicize the military in an anti-democratic manner" and
               | that "factored into my decisions regarding the
               | appropriate and limited use of our Armed Forces to
               | support civilian law enforcement during the Electoral
               | College certification."
               | 
               | So, yes, Miller *intentionally* delayed National Guard
               | deployment.
        
               | kube-system wrote:
               | "intentional delay resulting in a failure" is very
               | different than "intentionally failing". The DoD's
               | hesitancy to touch civilian politics with a 10 foot pole
               | is, IMO, one of the very best things about American
               | government. The capitol police need to be empowered to
               | handle these types of situations themselves.
        
               | redanddead wrote:
               | Oh wow... it seems like a difficult situation.
        
               | BlueTemplar wrote:
               | Involving the military (which AFAIK is NOT trained to
               | non-lethally deal with civilian riots ?) would probably
               | have indeed been very bad without even this kind of risk.
               | 
               | What I still don't understand is why was the _police_ so
               | ridiculously under-staffed and under-equipped that day ??
               | (Where were the anti-riot water-spraying trucks ? The
               | anti-riot gas ? The anti-riot walls ? The gapless shield
               | wall formed by enough police people ?)
               | 
               | It's not like they haven't been warned by the FBI weeks
               | in advance of the potential risks ??
               | 
               | OTOH I was impressed how the myth of the trigger-happy
               | Trump fanatic who has a rifle like an extra body part
               | didn't play out. I've only seen a single rifle, and AFAIK
               | none of the rioters fired a single shot ? (The FBI
               | probably helped here, since they supposedly convinced the
               | "worst" ones to not participate... but OTOH they did
               | still fail to prevent that truck filled with various
               | explosive devices from parking nearby ?)
        
         | helge9210 wrote:
         | Ukraine, for example.
         | 
         | The main question here is not "would a state shutdown internet
         | if needed?", but "should a government have a direct control
         | over internet infrastructure?"
        
           | baybal2 wrote:
           | Kazakhstan has no private Internet providers sans local ISPs.
           | All long range fibre, and cross-border connections are owned
           | by SOEs, and president's damat personally.
        
           | iso1210 wrote:
           | A state has direct control over everything it its borders.
           | Ultimately you can send in the army to the IXPs and you pull
           | the plug, be that North Korea or the USA
        
         | emteycz wrote:
         | I don't think western countries even have the necessary
         | mechanisms.
        
           | SilasX wrote:
           | Hm ... not the internet at large but weren't there cases of a
           | subway system or other dense area in the US suddenly having
           | no cell service during a protest? I remember reading stories
           | about this.
        
             | kalleboo wrote:
             | Yes it happened in San Francisco
             | https://www.wired.com/2011/08/subway-internet-shuttering/
        
           | zupreme wrote:
           | Have you considered ICANN? Or USA-based DNS providers?
           | 
           | One letter, from the right agency, can do a great deal.
        
             | emteycz wrote:
             | I don't think turning off DNS servers is 1) actually
             | possible (people would start running mirrors + other
             | countries continue to run) and 2) would disable the
             | internet into uselessness (anything IP based still works).
        
               | int_19h wrote:
               | It doesn't have to be 100% effective, just as with the
               | Great Firewall. Shutting down DNS would shut down most
               | existing apps until they're updated (and also the app
               | stores that are normally used to update them), and
               | preclude the majority from accessing anything online.
        
           | Victerius wrote:
           | There have never been widespread energy shortages in Western
           | countries.
           | 
           | The closest we came was the oil shocks of the 70s, and it
           | cost Jimmy Carter a second term.
        
             | mgbmtl wrote:
             | France had pretty big protests:
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yellow_vests_protests
             | 
             | but as an outsider, those protests just seemed like any
             | other day in France :)
             | 
             | In the west, at least where I'm from, whether energy or
             | other types of protests, the government usually finds a
             | wedge to split the population into two major groups where
             | in-fighting will exhaust and marginalize protesters.
             | Cutting the Internet only brings more focus on the
             | government.
        
             | adventured wrote:
             | Jimmy Carter had zero shot at beating Reagan, with or
             | without the oil shocks.
             | 
             | Carter and Ford were both extraordinarily weak candidates.
             | Ford was a Bob Dole tier candidate (ie incapable of winning
             | the Presidency in an election), with the Republicans still
             | mired in the consequences of Nixon, and Carter still
             | struggled to beat him in 1976. Reagan's carry of California
             | was a near certainty, and it guaranteed the end of Carter
             | with or without the energy problems. Carter was a weak
             | southern Democrat that couldn't pull Texas and couldn't
             | pull New York - there was nowhere for him to win from,
             | there was no angle of victory.
        
             | iso1210 wrote:
             | 3 day week 1973/74 in the UK, I'm sure there were worse
             | energy crises in other countries
        
       | baybal2 wrote:
       | FYI: most of gas Russia sells to Europe is actually not Russian,
       | but coming from Central Asian vassal regimes at less than a penny
       | per cube, and then resold at incredible markups to Europe. I am
       | talking exactly about Turkmenistan, and Kazakhstan.
       | 
       | This is why Russia is not really fearing for oil price. Their gas
       | is _incredibly profitable,_ and stable, unlike Siberian oil where
       | freezing, rusting USSR era oil rigs require a lot of upkeep.
       | 
       | Without Kazakhstan, no "Russian" gas for Europe.
       | 
       | --------
       | 
       | P.S. I got blocked again, so posting news here through edit
       | 
       | T7-VIP1 is a personal aircraft of Nazarbayev family.
       | https://www.flightradar24.com/data/aircraft/t7-vip1
       | 
       | The news are there that he fled the country to Switzerland, got a
       | boot from there, and was forced to flee to Uzbekistan.
        
         | konart wrote:
         | Russia is the second largest producer anyhow.
         | 
         | https://www.worldometers.info/gas/gas-production-by-country/
         | 
         | Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan (lowerest of them all,
         | placed 24) combined produce less than 1/3 of the amount Russia
         | produces.
         | 
         | Also wiki (not the best source maybe, but whatever):
         | 
         | >Gas for northern Europe largely came from the Nadym Pur Taz
         | (NPT) region in Western Siberia, but these large fields are now
         | in decline due to depletion.
         | 
         | >Since the early 2010s Gazprom has been developing replacement
         | gas fields in the Yamal Peninsula area of the Russian Arctic.
         | As of 2020, Yamal produces over 20% of Russia's gas, which is
         | expected to increase to 40% by 2030.
         | 
         | >The shortest pipeline routes from Yamal to the northern EU
         | countries are the Yamal-Europe pipeline through Poland and Nord
         | Stream to Germany. During the winter peak Gazprom does not have
         | the capacity to redirect flows to the central pipeline corridor
         | through Ukraine, built for the NPT gas flow. Gazprom intends to
         | decommission some pipelines, over forty years old with high
         | maintenance costs, in the central corridor as NPT production
         | declines
        
         | kgeist wrote:
         | >most of gas Russia sells to Europe is actually not Russian,
         | but coming from Central Asian vassal regimes at less than a
         | penny per cube, and then resold at incredible markups to Europe
         | 
         | >Without Kazakhstan, no "Russian" gas for Europe.
         | 
         | Do you have some links to back it up?
        
           | sushibowl wrote:
           | It doesn't add up for me. Central Asian sources are less than
           | 1.5% of GazProm total production, and Gas production of
           | Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan is dwarfed by Russian fields.
           | Further, output from Russian fields in Siberia is on the
           | decline and new fields are being developed in the Yamal
           | Peninsula to replace these, so no Soviet era oil rigs at all.
           | 
           | https://www.oxfordenergy.org/wpcms/wp-
           | content/uploads/2021/0...
        
             | baybal2 wrote:
             | It does not add up to me, and any Russian who knows where
             | Russian government gets its money.
             | 
             | In 2009, I heard accounts of up to half of gas coming to
             | Europe being Central Asian
        
               | kgeist wrote:
               | I'm from Russia and it's the first time I hear that
               | almost all Russian gas actually comes from Kazakhstan,
               | considering that my hometown literally sits on a pipe
               | which connects Western Siberia to Europe. Sounds like
               | some conspiracy theory to me, honestly. But I'm ready to
               | change my mind if you provide some links.
        
         | a2tech wrote:
         | Turkmenistan has almost endless gas and would LOVE to sell to
         | Europe at anything even remotely close to the open market rate.
         | But Russia dictates the cost of the gas they buy from TM and
         | since they have no way to bulk export their gas except to
         | Russia, they're pretty much stuck.
        
       | londons_explore wrote:
       | I think it is very interesting _how_ these countries fall off the
       | internet...
       | 
       | Specifically, if I was a country leader who wanted to turn off
       | the internet, I would get my minister to call up all big ISP's
       | and tell them to disconnect everyone. The ISP bosses tell their
       | tech people to do it. And what do those tech people do?
       | 
       | Well, if I were in their shoes, I would head to the billing
       | system and mark all customers as 'bill overdue, not eligible for
       | service' or some similar status.
       | 
       | That gives me the ability to allow certain customers to still use
       | the service (eg. the president and his mates).
       | 
       | Yet that _isn 't_ what we see... The actual BGP routes go down...
       | That suggests to me that the story might be more like "army
       | storms ISP headquarters, ripping out cables till their phone
       | internet stops working".
        
         | capableweb wrote:
         | No, what actually happens in practice is that the backbone
         | connections to the outside gets disconnected (by the
         | government) without the involvement of ISPs. Certain users who
         | still want to access the internet has access to it via other
         | means, sometimes even satellite connections.
        
           | BoxOfRain wrote:
           | This reminds me of how Gorbachev kept informed about the coup
           | that was happening around him via the BBC World Service on
           | shortwave. I wonder if there's a market for re-instating such
           | services in areas that are prone to internet outages?
        
             | londons_explore wrote:
             | The BBC still does longwave radio, receivable in most of
             | the world, partly for strategic political reasons that you
             | describe.
        
               | iso1210 wrote:
               | World Service can be picked up on Short Wave from a long
               | distance from the transmitters
               | 
               | https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/articles/2x9tqt6mc05vB2S
               | 37j...
               | 
               | https://downloads.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/schedules/freque
               | nci...
        
               | BoxOfRain wrote:
               | That's cool, I'll have to have a listen on a nearby SDR.
               | 
               | Interestingly the World Service's old mediumwave
               | frequency 648 kHz is now being used by none other than
               | the famous pirates Radio Caroline. They still use their
               | radio ship, though the studios link over 4G to a land-
               | based transmitter now to save fuel. Those guys would
               | definitely have featured on HN quite often if it'd been
               | around then, the engineering and hacker spirit that went
               | into their operation was insane.
        
               | iso1210 wrote:
               | I listen to WS in my car in the UK via DAB. I knew
               | someone from student TV who worked on DRM for BBC R&D for
               | a while - DRM being "Digital Radio Mondiale", or Digital
               | Shortwave.
               | 
               | DAB struggled to gain traction over the last 20 years, I
               | don't know anywhere near enough about shortwave
               | transmissions in general to know if DRM has any chance,
               | but a quick look doesn't look very impressive compared
               | with normal shortwave.
        
               | BoxOfRain wrote:
               | I'll miss that when they shut it down, I'm too young to
               | have actual nostalgia for longwave as a primary way of
               | listening to the radio but but I enjoy having Test Match
               | Special on crackly old longwave as background noise when
               | I'm working. I always liked how you can hear the
               | lightning from miles away if it's stormy. I've also got a
               | friend who still sometimes uses the Shipping Forecast on
               | longwave when he's on smaller boats in the North Sea!
               | 
               | My understanding is that the longwave service is very
               | expensive to run (on the order of hundreds of kW) and the
               | only thing keeping it alive is the fact its carrier wave
               | is used to switch over old electricity meters to night
               | rates. AFAIK the energy companies subsidise it rather
               | than the BBC and when everyone's on a smart meter it'll
               | probably go off air. Having said that, I suspect the Venn
               | diagram of 'people who'd be miffed about 198 kHz going
               | quiet' and 'people who regularly write to their MPs' is
               | basically a circle so maybe it'll last years after its
               | execution date like the Irish longwave service has.
        
               | int_19h wrote:
               | I'm not sure if that's still the case, but BBC longwave
               | broadcast was also used as one of the checks that British
               | nuclear subs are supposed to use to determine that a
               | large-scale nuclear attack on Britain has taken out their
               | command (and thus it's time to open
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Letters_of_last_resort).
        
           | kingcharles wrote:
           | How, though? The backbone connections are still terminated at
           | ISPs and interchanges. Somewhere an engineer still needs to
           | either remove the routes in software, or pull a bunch of
           | cables out.
           | 
           | Unless you're saying that the president himself has all the
           | major backbone connections running through his office?
        
       | senectus1 wrote:
       | hmmm we have ppl in Kaz. Suddenly Starlink sounds like a useful
       | tool in the back pocket.
        
         | hippich wrote:
         | at least in Belarus one can _receive_ from the sat but can not
         | _transmit_ to the sat. precisely for that reason. i would not
         | be surprised that in the rest of former USSR countries there
         | are similar laws.
         | 
         | nonetheless, looks like protesters there are successful despite
         | cut internet.
        
           | OldManAndTheCpp wrote:
           | Not being able to send means they can't use Starlink in
           | Belarus, right? There's no ability to send e.g. HTTP GET, so
           | you can't actually use the internet. Right?
        
         | wrinkl3 wrote:
         | I've been thinking about Starlink too. Rural Kazakhstan should
         | actually be pretty good for reception with all that barren
         | steppe.
        
       | baybal2 wrote:
       | It's a complete shutdown, likely somebody pulled the plug on the
       | sole cable which connects the country to the Internet.
        
         | SilasX wrote:
         | Wait, so the South Park scene was actually accurate for some
         | countries' internet?
         | 
         | https://youtube.com/watch?v=zAJbOygaJ0o
        
           | iso1210 wrote:
           | I remember trying to get internet in Kabul when we expanded
           | an office there about a decade ago, there was one fibre over
           | the khyber pass to Pakistan, and I seem to remember the
           | connections north and south to Uzbekistan/Iran relied on a
           | ropey copper ring circuit with c. 100mbit of connectivity -
           | for the entire traffic.
           | 
           | That episode was released in 2008, a lot of countries in
           | Africa then had just one subsea circuit, if that, before
           | WACS, before EASSy. If I remember right, even bandwidth out
           | of Austrailia cost a fortune.
        
           | capableweb wrote:
           | Most countries do have something similar in place where they
           | can turn off the outside connections if needed. I don't think
           | it has happened yet in any western country, but those safe-
           | guards are in place at the edges of the national network.
        
       | f311a wrote:
       | The government had initially tried to calm protesters by
       | conceding a reduction in the price of liquefied natural gas
       | (LNG), setting it at 50 tenge (EUR0.1) per litre, compared with
       | 120 at the start of the year -- a significant increase in
       | a country where the minimum wage is 42,500 tenge (EUR98.7) a
       | month.
       | 
       | The price of the gas has doubled (the link does not mention it).
        
         | kspacewalk2 wrote:
         | >the minimum wage is 42,500 tenge (EUR98.7) a month.
         | 
         | Surprising. Ukraine, where I'm from, has a minimum wage of
         | EUR200 despite being resource-poor and simply poor-poor, if you
         | go by relatively objective measures like GDP per capita with
         | PPP. But oil-rich Kazakhstan seems to really keep their hoi
         | polloi on a lean diet.
        
           | sofixa wrote:
           | It's all a matter of costs and standard of living.
           | 
           | Oil (and generally resource rich countries) have a tough line
           | to thread between spreading the riches among the population
           | without making the said population dependent on that sharing
           | ( e.g. Venezuela) and hoarding at the top. Most fail
           | miserably, and honestly the only one i can think of doing a
           | great job is Norway, and it was mostly by accident.
        
             | int_19h wrote:
             | The reason why Norway is an exception is largely because
             | its liberal democratic political system was already well-
             | developed by the time it became a heavy oil producer.
             | 
             | https://youtu.be/rStL7niR7gs?t=758
        
             | BurningFrog wrote:
             | Norway already had a rich modern economy before they struck
             | oil.
        
             | qnsi wrote:
             | what about US?
        
           | ashtonkem wrote:
           | Resource curse. Economies that depend on a single extraction
           | resource tend to be pretty stagnant and rife with corruption.
           | There's also the issue that they need to discourage local
           | consumption of the export resource, since local consumption
           | doesn't enrich the country, even if the locals need to
           | consume to not freeze to death.
        
       | pyuser583 wrote:
       | Strongly recommend reading Kelptopeia: How Dirty Money is
       | Conquering the World
       | 
       | Covers the current situation in Khazakhstan. One of the most
       | chilling chapters deals with what can happen to protestors in
       | Khazakhstan.
       | 
       | Even more chilling, how the ruling elite manipulate the
       | international press.
       | 
       | If you don't hate Tony Blair already, this will help you cross
       | that line in a big way.
       | 
       | https://www.amazon.com/Kleptopia-Dirty-Money-Conquering-Worl...
        
         | HatchedLake721 wrote:
         | I assume the Tony Blair hate is based on the Iraq War?
         | 
         | I don't get it.
         | 
         | Prime Minister in the UK cannot go to war without parliament's
         | approval.
         | 
         | Parliament approved invasion with 412 to 149 votes.
         | 
         | Is Tony Blair the scapegoat?
         | 
         | Can someone explain?
        
           | freeflight wrote:
           | The UK parliament ain't the only relevant institution here.
           | 
           | The invasion of Iraq was an open and blatant breach of the UN
           | charter [0], it was an illegal war of aggression based on
           | lies.
           | 
           | Lies that were so blatant that the whole situation lead to
           | the largest global protest event in human history [1].
           | 
           | And that doesn't even go into the direct consequences of
           | that; Refugees all the way into Western Europe, among them
           | many disgruntled people who felt wronged, serving as
           | potential recruits for an AQ that had by then become world
           | famous thanks to the US.
           | 
           | What that lead to were the first major Islamic terror attacks
           | in Western Europe [2], among them the 2005 London bombings by
           | AQ, which were a _direct_ response to the UK participation in
           | invading Iraq, just like the 2004 AQ attack in Madrid, Spain.
           | 
           | In that context it's not really difficult to see why Tony
           | Blair is such a controversial personality.
           | 
           | [0] https://www.theguardian.com/world/2004/sep/16/iraq.iraq
           | 
           | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/15_February_2003_anti-
           | war_prot...
           | 
           | [2] https://www.datagraver.com/case/people-killed-by-
           | terrorism-p...
        
           | danjac wrote:
           | Tony Blair was the head of government and leader of the
           | ruling party. Had he decided not to take Britain to Iraq,
           | then the UK would not have taken part in the war and there
           | would not have been a vote in Parliament. At the end of the
           | day, the buck stopped with him.
           | 
           | Would lack of UK support have been sufficient to deter the
           | US? Who knows, probably not given the neocon lunatics in the
           | White House at the time. Harold Wilson's decision to keep the
           | UK out of Vietnam was in retrospect a wise decision, and no
           | doubt Blair would have had a better reputation had he made
           | the same choice.
           | 
           | That all said, Blair's post-PM career seems to involve
           | toadying up to every dictator left on the planet (in marked
           | contrast to his successor Gordon Brown's work supporting
           | refugees and global vaccination) so maybe his reputation is
           | well-deserved after all.
        
             | freeflight wrote:
             | _> Had he decided not to take Britain to Iraq, then the UK
             | would not have taken part in the war and there would not
             | have been a vote in Parliament._
             | 
             | Not only that, the 2005 London bombings most likely
             | wouldn't have happened, that was direct retaliation for UK
             | participation in the "coalition of the willing", willing to
             | invade and occupy Iraq as part of a "crusade" on terror.
        
             | ineedasername wrote:
             | Parliament has the power to remove the Prime Minister, and
             | it's _possible_ that they would have done so if the Prime
             | Minister failed to come to the aid of a historic ally. PM
             | 's have had no-confidence votes, or been pushed out of
             | office before one would occur, over lesser issues.
             | 
             | That aside, Parliament doesn't have to authorize via
             | binding vote on these matters. They get a debate
             | opportunity by normative convention, but any vote they took
             | to override would not be binding unless they were willing
             | to remove the PM.
             | 
             | Nonetheless I think it's fair to place a sizeable portion
             | of the blame on Parliament: They can't decide to go to war,
             | but they do have some levers of power that would stop it,
             | if they were willing to remove their PM. I certainly don't
             | know where I put % blame here, but I'm equally sure
             | Parliament was checking complicit on the issue.
        
             | HatchedLake721 wrote:
             | > Had he decided not to take Britain to Iraq, then the UK
             | would not have taken part in the war and there would not
             | have been a vote in Parliament.
             | 
             | I don't get this.
             | 
             | He cannot just "decide to take Britain to Iraq", since the
             | UK Government cannot start a war without Parliament's
             | approval.
             | 
             | He came to the Parliament with the available intelligence
             | at the time, and after days of debates, 412 people voted in
             | favour of the invasion.
             | 
             | I would understand the hate if he knew the "irrefutable
             | evidence" shown to United Nation by the Secretary of State
             | was a lie at the time of the vote in Parliament.
             | 
             | But as far I know, he wasn't aware of that.
             | 
             | Is this just a blind hate of a scapegoat? Why are the other
             | 411 people given a pass?
        
               | danjac wrote:
               | > He cannot just "decide to take Britain to Iraq", since
               | the UK Government cannot start a war without Parliament's
               | approval.
               | 
               | Had Blair decided not to go to war, there would not have
               | been a vote. He was leader of the Labour Party and
               | instructed his whips to ensure MPs voted for war.
               | 
               | > He came to the Parliament with the available
               | intelligence at the time, and after days of debates, 412
               | people voted in favour of the invasion.
               | 
               | We now know, from the Chilcot inquiry, that Blair knew
               | the intelligence was poor and either deliberately misled
               | Parliament or allowed his belief to blind his judgement.
               | Either conclusion is damning.
        
               | iso1210 wrote:
               | Did Hutton ever apologise to the BBC. He skewered them
               | when they claimed the dossier was perhaps not quite fully
               | trustworthy
        
               | ineedasername wrote:
               | UK Parliament does not get a binding vote on going to
               | war. Their recourse, if they disagree, is to remove the
               | PM altogether.
               | 
               | Admittedly, I'm not sure there's much of a meaningful
               | difference between the two. If an MP doesn't want to go
               | to war, I'd think that a big enough difference if opinion
               | to vote no-confidence. As such if a majority of
               | Parliament didn't want to go to war, they may have taken
               | that step.
        
               | detaro wrote:
               | > _He cannot just "decide to take Britain to Iraq", since
               | the UK Government cannot start a war without Parliament's
               | approval._
               | 
               | Declaring war and deploying troops is a power held by the
               | Crown (which will do it on request of its government).
               | Parliamentary approval is not required, parliament merely
               | can hold a no-confidence vote and remove the government
               | afterwards if it disagrees.
               | 
               | The Afghanistan war just a bit earlier was debated in
               | parliament, but not actually voted on by parliament.
               | 
               | For Iraq, there was a formal vote for the first time, but
               | again, not a formal authorization that would have had
               | legal force - although loosing it realistically would
               | have collapsed Blairs government once he committed to
               | having the vote. (And also made any Labour MPs voting
               | against it not just the MPs who were against the war, but
               | also the MPs who forced their government to fail).
        
           | tialaramex wrote:
           | Starting wars does _not_ in fact require parliamentary
           | approval.
           | 
           | In 1999 Blair used "Queen's Consent" (the notional
           | requirement that consent of the monarch must be sought in
           | order to substantially alter their powers, but in practice
           | these are _government_ powers and so consent is sought from
           | the _government_ ) to get rid of a Bill that would actually
           | have required this, the "Military Action Against Iraq
           | (Parliamentary Approval) Bill".
           | 
           | This isn't because Blair couldn't have won a vote and
           | disposed of the bill but because he knew it would be
           | _embarrassing_ and indeed the embarrassment anyway resulted
           | in the (non-binding) Approval bill you cited which has 412
           | Aye votes.
           | 
           | Even _having a vote_ ( "Division") is embarrassing. It forced
           | Labour members who might have told their electorate over and
           | over that they oppose war to choose, stick by their
           | principles that war is abhorrent, and risk deselection for
           | coming out against the stance of their government and many
           | populist pro-war newspapers, or, bend over, vote for the
           | government and hope voters forgive them when it inevitably
           | all goes wrong.
           | 
           | Now, ultimately Parliament is sovereign and so you can argue
           | everything "requires parliamentary approval", but only in
           | sense that silence signifies approval because as a sovereign
           | entity it _could_ intervene but it does not.
           | 
           | If Parliament _really_ didn 't want the UK to go to war it
           | can in principle get rid of the Prime Minister and install
           | one who won't start a war. If the Speaker tries to stop them
           | (e.g. by refusing to recognise a member who stands to propose
           | "That This House Has No Confidence In Her Majesty's
           | Government" so as to bring down the Prime Minister) the
           | Commons can convene "The Committee of the Whole House" which
           | is identical to the Commons except that they're picking who
           | runs things, whereupon they can get rid of that Speaker,
           | choose a new one, reconvene the Commons and call No
           | confidence. But it isn't going to do that in fact.
           | 
           | Even for Brexit, while there was majority opposition to the
           | obviously disastrous "No deal" plan, there was no majority in
           | support of any other definitive course of action, including
           | replacing the Prime Minister, all that was done was more
           | kicking of cans down the road, until there was no more road.
        
           | rad_gruchalski wrote:
           | "On 6 July 2016, Sir John Chilcot announced the report's
           | publication, more than seven years after the inquiry was
           | announced.[3] Usually referred to as the Chilcot report by
           | the news media,[4] the document stated that at the time of
           | the invasion of Iraq in 2003, Saddam Hussein did not pose an
           | urgent threat to British interests, that intelligence
           | regarding weapons of mass destruction was presented with
           | unwarranted certainty, that peaceful alternatives to war had
           | not been exhausted, that the United Kingdom and the United
           | States had undermined the authority of the United Nations
           | Security Council, that the process of identifying the legal
           | basis was "far from satisfactory", and that a war was
           | unnecessary.[5][6][7] The report was made available under an
           | Open Government Licence."
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iraq_Inquiry
        
             | TeeMassive wrote:
             | Reminds me of when our Canadian PM at the time, Jean-
             | Chretien, stood up to Blair and Bush who visited him.
             | 
             | https://www.lapresse.ca/actualites/politique/politique-
             | canad...
             | 
             | "Their proof wouldn't even convince one of the local court
             | judge here!"
             | 
             | "If we begin to remove every dictator, who's going to be
             | next? Why not Robert Mugabe? They told me he's not the same
             | than Saddam. Well of course he doesn't have oil!"
        
               | cmrdporcupine wrote:
               | Chretien was fully prepared to join in until it became
               | very clear from protests and polls that the Canadian
               | public wasn't going to stand for it. They hadn't fully
               | committed to non-involvement until then. And even then,
               | there was still support for the "allies" just not direct
               | military involvement.
               | 
               | Many people may not remember or may be too young. Those
               | Feb and March protests were the biggest protest ever in
               | history across the whole western world. "According to BBC
               | News, between six and ten million people took part in
               | protests in up to sixty countries over the weekend of 15
               | and 16 February." (WP) Police estimates for London, UK
               | were 750k, but they were likely higher.
               | 
               | I left work one evening when they first began bombing and
               | marched through the streets of Toronto and the energy was
               | crazy. The following saturday protest was 100,000 people
               | at least and a lot calmer, but outside the US embassy the
               | atmosphere was intense, angry and electric. It was much
               | larger in Montreal if I recall.
        
             | HatchedLake721 wrote:
             | Yes, I still remember Colin Powell image showing
             | "irrefutable evidence" in his hands to the United Nations,
             | which ended up being a lie.
             | 
             | But again, did Tony Blair know it was a lie and misled the
             | Parliament?
             | 
             | I remember the Chilcot report, but never read it. It's on
             | my reading list now!
             | 
             | But from your quote, I don't see anything related
             | specifically to Tony Blair?
             | 
             | Again, my point is, the executive power (Government/Prime
             | Minister) came to the legislative power (The Parliament)
             | with a motion to invade another country.
             | 
             | Both powers were using the same intelligence that they
             | believed were genuine at the time, debated it for days, and
             | then decided with 412 to 149 votes to start the invasion.
             | 
             | Why Tony Blair is singled out, for something in hindsight,
             | and the other 411 people are given a pass?
        
               | Quarrelsome wrote:
               | > But again, did Tony Blair know it was a lie and misled
               | the Parliament?
               | 
               | Yes. This is why the British troops were under-equipped
               | because Tony Blair was intentionally holding back the
               | knowledge that the choice to invade had already been made
               | but he couldn't do this while also requesting parliament
               | to fund war funding.
               | 
               | He was holding two narratives open at the same time. The
               | public one where everything was above board, following
               | all approved channels, ratified by the UN and due to WMD
               | that he used to gain approval from the UK and a private
               | one where it was clear the UK would go to war with the US
               | regardless of what transpired.
        
               | jl6 wrote:
               | Worth noting that MPs don't vote entirely independently,
               | but rather are marshalled (using a variety of implicit
               | threats) by the party officials to vote in support of
               | party leadership. Many of those 411 would have been
               | backbench MPs with scarcely more access to government
               | information than the general public. So they probably
               | either believed what the government were saying about
               | WMDs, or were incentivized to vote for war by the party
               | machine. I wouldn't give them a pass as such, but it's
               | several steps removed from the culpability level of Blair
               | (who in turn was a rung down from Bush, incentivized to
               | support the USA in much the same way as the British MPs
               | were incentivized to support the PM).
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | rad_gruchalski wrote:
               | > Why Tony Blair is singled out, for something in
               | hindsight, and the other 411 people are given a pass?
               | 
               | My very simplistic understanding is that he is singled
               | out because he was responsible for pressing on it and the
               | thing was voted based on the "evidence" he was
               | presenting.
               | 
               | My understanding is also that Bush, Powell, Rice and
               | Rumsfeld are treated equally to Blair by some people.
        
               | wahern wrote:
               | > My understanding is also that Bush, Powell, Rice and
               | Rumsfeld are treated equally to Blair by some people.
               | 
               | That's unfortunate. The fact of the matter is that it was
               | Cheney and Rumsfeld who _personally_ architected the lie.
               | Bush, Blair, et al, deserve plenty of blame for
               | abrogating the duties of their leadership, but the
               | history lesson here is that you don 't _ever_ let people
               | like Cheney and Rumsfeld through the front door. Not
               | because they 're malicious (I admittedly always found
               | Rumsfeld's politics beguiling), but because they're
               | instigators and prime movers that won't hesitate to abuse
               | power for their desired ends. An ounce of prevention is
               | worth a pound of cure.
               | 
               | Notably, the Bush campaign and administration had plenty
               | of warning (including from conservatives) about who they
               | were inviting into their inner circle. That, of course,
               | makes Bush doubly culpable for a failure in leadership.
               | But Bush's failures are of a different kind, and if we
               | equivocate with those of Cheney, Rumsfeld, and their
               | undersecretaries, we'll have learned nothing.
        
               | GordonS wrote:
               | > Both powers were using the same intelligence that they
               | believed were genuine at the time
               | 
               | Didn't the US and UK both _fabricate_ "evidence"? Even
               | then, it was obvious to _many_ observers that the
               | evidence simply wasn 't credible, and the only outcome
               | was disaster.
        
               | iso1210 wrote:
               | Certainly "Sexed up" the evidence, the entire Dodgy
               | Dossier killed the BBC - Greg Dyke (the Director General
               | / CEO, who was on holiday at the time) had to resign
               | because of it.
               | 
               | The Hutton Report claimed that the dossier was not sexed
               | up (as the BBC claimed) and that it's all the BBCs fault.
               | A few years later, Chilcott report basically said that
               | the government did lie.
        
             | Ygg2 wrote:
             | The irrefutable evidence in question was nerve gas stored
             | in glass bead configuration.
             | 
             | Now, you may ask yourself why would Iraqi scientist store
             | WMD in glass beads, when those shatter easily and offer
             | nearly nothing in return (maybe WMD doesn't react with
             | glass, but then just use a glass canisters)? Was that some
             | anal fetish or something?
             | 
             | It's because "" The source "" used Michael Bay movies as
             | inspiration.
             | 
             | https://www.theguardian.com/film/2016/jul/08/it-was-such-
             | obv...
        
               | yawaworht1978 wrote:
               | It wouldn't surprise me if the UK and the us sold these
               | weapons to them, then it's easy to claim "look they have
               | these weapons".
        
               | Ygg2 wrote:
               | I find it being fiction more likely than that both UK and
               | Iran agreed to buying nerve agent from the Michael Bay
               | movie.
        
         | from wrote:
         | I read stuff like this (not this book specifically) from the
         | OCCRP or ICIJ occasionally and I'm beginning to have my doubts
         | about all of it. It's always based on innuendo and insinuation.
         | Like "the grandson of this Nigeria politician is one of the
         | directors of some Delaware company that also has a director
         | that was arrested for customs fraud in Morocco. He also didn't
         | respond to our phone calls. Therefore he is a 'potentially
         | corrupt shadowy official'". And the call to action at the end
         | of course is always to increase financial surveillance despite
         | the current already heavyhanded approach massively failing.
        
           | Quarrelsome wrote:
           | maybe its failing because people who own money and thus
           | influence resist the regulations.
        
           | xwolfi wrote:
           | Yes, you know how it is when you start knowing something you
           | start realizing journalist reporting of it, while not
           | entirely false, is quite imprecise and simplifying ?
           | 
           | I work in an investment bank, on the trading floor, and when
           | I hear reports on how we're supposed to be and act, I feel it
           | is so different from how people actually are and think. For
           | instance, they ignore incompetence and always assign to
           | malice, they think being legit is less important to us than
           | robbing money, they always describe us as amoral, parasitic,
           | conspiratorial. It's an enticing narrative each time, but
           | except when they have actual email exchanges (like the
           | Millenium emails during the Maddoff SEC investigation - that
           | painted the right picture, professional, missing information,
           | imperfect but not anti-blue collar conspiracy lol), I can't
           | really trust it anymore.
           | 
           | The FinCEN files by BuzzFeed were so trash, it was surreal to
           | hear... We gave regulatory reports they leaked irresponsibly
           | about suspicious activity by our fee-paying clients we are
           | forbidden to tip off by refusing to talk to them, and we're
           | now "hiding crime", maybe even "facilitating" it, tsk. They
           | warned a lot of people that day, good job.
        
         | sofixa wrote:
         | Thanks for the recommendation. I've just bought the book, but
         | before diving in, out of curiosity, what's the link with Tony
         | Blair?
        
       | BlueTemplar wrote:
       | Sounds like a great opportunity to experiment with mesh networks
       | ?
       | 
       | (Especially these days, with millions of smartphones around, each
       | one being able to work as a Wi-Fi router !)
        
         | iso1210 wrote:
         | Sounds like a great opportunity to ensure you've got water,
         | fuel and food safely stockpiled (secretly)
        
           | BlueTemplar wrote:
           | This is hacker news, so cans of Pringles (not for eating),
           | Soylent, (and yes, water, Soylent doesn't go well with Red
           | Bull, sigh...). Fuel only for powering hardware, meatware can
           | survive from hardware's waste heat. (/s)
        
       | r721 wrote:
       | Recent updates:
       | 
       | >President Tokayev says that he is the chairman of security
       | council from now, instead of Nazarbayev
       | 
       | https://twitter.com/Liveuamap/status/1478713537065369601
       | 
       | >The building of the Almaty Police Department has been seized by
       | protesters, according to several Orda.kz sources. Weapons also
       | captured
       | 
       | >Big proliferation event in Kazakhstan, hundreds of small arms
       | will flow on the streets
       | 
       | https://twitter.com/Liveuamap/status/1478723503918653440 (UPD:
       | unclear whether this is confirmed, according to some sources
       | assault on police department is ongoing
       | https://t.me/sputnikKZ/13893 (in Russian))
       | 
       | UPD
       | 
       | >Almaty airport(IATA: ALA, ICAO: UAAA) has been reportedly seized
       | by protesters. Evacuation of employees ongoing
       | 
       | >The press service of Almaty International Airport(IATA: ALA,
       | ICAO: UAAA) confirms the lost of control. "There are now about 45
       | invaders at the airport"
       | 
       | https://twitter.com/Liveuamap/status/1478747716356345861 (source
       | in Russian: https://t.me/orda_kz/13180)
        
         | r721 wrote:
         | >Kazakh president appeals for help from Russia-led security
         | bloc
         | 
         | https://finance.yahoo.com/finance/news/kazakh-president-appe...
        
         | irthomasthomas wrote:
         | Amazing how quickly a protest can become a revolution in some
         | parts of the world.
        
           | ineedasername wrote:
           | If there aren't constitutional mechanisms in place for
           | peaceful transfer of power-- along with a tradition of mostly
           | following the norms and conventions around the constitution--
           | it can all go wrong pretty quickly.
           | 
           | People may get very frustrated with democratic governments,
           | but the mechanisms that well established democracies have for
           | the peaceful transfer of power offer a much needed release
           | valve on this sort of pressure.
           | 
           | But it takes time to establish the foundations for this.
           | Heck, the US had been around for most of a century and still
           | had a failed revolution (well, it's called a the Civil War,
           | but that's mostly because it failed. I'm sure if the US South
           | had won, they would have viewed it very much as a successful
           | revolution in the same way the original colonies did when
           | they seceded from Great Britain. Yes, there are subtle
           | differences-- Great Britain was somewhat of an absentee
           | overseer, and colonies are not quite the same as states.
           | Admittedly this makes the gray area resolve closer to Civil
           | War.)
        
           | yawaworht1978 wrote:
           | Its to be expected in very poor countries with a dictatorship
           | masquerading as government.
           | 
           | The people don't have first world problems which they
           | complain about from a chair on the internet.
           | 
           | They live harsh lives with zero perspectives and are somewhat
           | grateful the government doesn't turn more violent or
           | oppressive .
           | 
           | Then some event triggers a no point of return scenario where
           | the people fear prison or death less than the potential
           | future.
        
           | q1w2 wrote:
           | I think it is a bit naive to think this is a grass roots
           | "protest". This might be a knock-on effect after the US
           | withdrawal from Afghanistan. Nazarbayev was a Soviet man, so
           | it's possible this is a western intervention. It's also
           | possible that Islamic interests are using the gas crisis as
           | an opportunity to establish a new islamic state there also.
           | 
           | ...but regardless of who may be have helped organize this
           | sudden protest/coup, it's important to remember that Russian
           | politicians have recently made comments about taking back
           | land given to Kazakhstan during the Soviet days. The northern
           | portions of the country hold the 25% of the Kazakh population
           | that is ethnic-Russian - which includes much of the area just
           | up to the capital of Nur-Sultan, also in the north.
           | 
           | https://thediplomat.com/2021/04/is-northern-kazakhstan-at-
           | ri...
        
           | tdiff wrote:
           | As a conspiracy, as Kazakhstan crisis happens just before
           | Russia/NATO summit, it may not be as simple as a "price
           | protest".
        
             | petre wrote:
             | I just wonder what made the government raise the price of
             | gas? Kazahstan sits on a gas mine. Why would they risk such
             | a full scale protest just now? Greed?
        
           | holoduke wrote:
           | Can happen everywhere. Wait what happens if you cut down food
           | supply to a rich nation like for example the Netherlands.
           | Within a week people will kill each other for food.
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | thejackgoode wrote:
             | It's completely off topic but the example is hilariously
             | terrible -- the Netherlands are second largest world food
             | exporter
        
               | zwkrt wrote:
               | Per capita? I find that really surprising!
        
               | Vinnl wrote:
               | Not per capita, in absolute numbers, a couple of years
               | ago at least [1]. That said, there are different ways to
               | measure; this is by value. You could also imagine e.g.
               | measuring by calories.
               | 
               | Presumably, per capita it's number one.
               | 
               | [1] This tiny country feeds the world - https://www.natio
               | nalgeographic.com/magazine/article/holland-...
        
               | desdiv wrote:
               | I'm not sure which metric GP is referring to, but by
               | total value of food exports they're 7th in the world.
               | Extremely impressive for a country of only 17 million
               | people.
               | 
               | [0] https://wits.worldbank.org/CountryProfile/en/Country/
               | WLD/Yea...
        
               | kaybe wrote:
               | It helps that most things I've seen so far are pretty
               | high value per volume such as more expensive vegetables.
        
               | adriand wrote:
               | It's probably because the Dutch diaspora has succeeded in
               | getting their children hooked on stroopwafels (syrup
               | waffles), salt licorice and those amazing dense raisin
               | buns that seem to be approximately 50% raisins... I for
               | one am happy to continue supporting their export economy!
        
               | bserge wrote:
        
             | TheGigaChad wrote:
        
             | freeflight wrote:
             | Don't even need shortages of anything basic like food, in
             | some places it's just enough to ask people to follow common
             | sense rules, and as a result to that people will take to
             | the streets, people will try to overthrow governments.
             | 
             | This does not only apply to the US, with the January 6.
             | "insurrection", it even happened in places like Germany [0]
             | and recently Romania [1].
             | 
             | It's a combination of entitlement, and 2 years of pandemic
             | forcing many people, and their businesses, into dire
             | economic situations.
             | 
             | Such dire economic situations can trigger regime change
             | anywhere, completely regardless of "democratic
             | institutions" or all these other nice sounding words.
             | 
             | Because most people don't really want that much; As long as
             | they have a job that allows them to put a roof over their,
             | and their families heads, and food on their tables, that
             | long the vast majority of people couldn't care less if the
             | government they live under is considered "democratic" or
             | "authoritarian".
             | 
             | These are way too high and abstract concepts for the vast
             | majority of people to care about. They are too busy with
             | every day live, working to pay rent and getting food on the
             | table.
             | 
             | But what happens if they don't have the work anymore to pay
             | for rent and get food on the table? Then they will take to
             | the streets, they will demand change, completely regardless
             | of what kind of regime they live under.
             | 
             | Even the Roman Empire already knew this; panem et ludos
             | 
             | Give people enough bread and circuses, and they couldn't
             | care less about what happens on the higher levels above
             | them or how they are being wronged in rather intangible
             | ways.
             | 
             | [0] https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-53964147
             | 
             | [1] https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/12/21/romanians-
             | protesti...
        
         | hnthrowaway0315 wrote:
         | So apparently one group of oligarchies are winning over the
         | other.
        
         | ashtonkem wrote:
         | By the point you're seizing small arms from police stations
         | you're toeing the line between riot and revolution
        
           | lgeorget wrote:
           | As a Frenchman, it's also what we are taught about the French
           | Revolution. One of the goals of the attack on la Bastille on
           | July 14th 1789 was to seize the weapons there and march upon
           | the rest of Paris and Versailles.
        
             | ashtonkem wrote:
             | Powder and shot, more specifically. They'd seized cannons
             | and small arms from the Hotel des Invalides, but the under
             | manned commander had transferred all his powder to the
             | Bastille before the mob stormed his position.
        
         | tinus_hn wrote:
         | Apparently most of the government has been deposed as the
         | president attempts to cling to power:
         | 
         | https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/world/rare-protests-draw-resi...
        
         | kspacewalk2 wrote:
         | >President Tokayev says that he is the chairman of security
         | council from now, instead of Nazarbayev
         | 
         | This is a huge deal. Conventional wisdom was that Nazarbayev,
         | an unchallenged strongman for almost 30 years, only gave up the
         | day-to-day duties of running the country to a younger sycophant
         | but retained the ability to make "higher-order" decisions via
         | his chairmanship of the security council - one of the models
         | which Putin might follow as well, since he cannot ever simply
         | retire.
         | 
         | This either means Nazarbayev doesn't want to be associated with
         | the fall of Tokayev and will attempt to feign conflict with him
         | to retain power in case shit goes south, or perhaps Tokayev
         | just used the situation to perform a "forced retirement" coup
         | against Nazarbayev.
        
           | r721 wrote:
           | It's also unclear (judging from my twitter feed and a few
           | liveblogs I follow) where Nazarbayev is currently located
           | (and what he thinks about this mess).
        
           | hnthrowaway0315 wrote:
           | I wonder if finally someone (Russian/China?) convinces him to
           | go down and retire? After all he has been there for three
           | decades, and maybe the other countries are not exactly happy
           | about his way.
        
           | q1w2 wrote:
           | Nazarbayev is 81 years old. It doesn't seem likely he'll
           | emerge as the new ruler, even with Russian backing. ...but he
           | might lend legitimacy to any new leader the Russians try to
           | muscle in.
        
         | rasz wrote:
         | >>The press service of Almaty International Airport(IATA: ALA,
         | ICAO: UAAA) confirms the lost of control. "There are now about
         | 45 invaders at the airport"
         | 
         | That is a weird place to stage a protest. Im getting little
         | green men flashbacks
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Little_green_men_(Russo-Ukrain...
        
           | int_19h wrote:
           | It should be noted that Kazakhstan is often mentioned as one
           | of the potential flashpoints when it comes to Russian
           | irredentism. This map shows why:
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethnic_demography_of_Kazakhsta.
           | ..
        
             | Guessnotgauss wrote:
             | That map makes no sense in relation to your comment. The
             | country is mostly ethinic Kazak, and peoples similar in the
             | sense they are more Turkic than Slavic. Calling them
             | Russian seems weird, making a case for irredentism even
             | weirder considering they wont have the same idea as what is
             | the "motherland."
             | 
             | Russia trying to recreate the USSR, I can see. They will
             | start with the states the West is concerned with the least.
        
               | kgran wrote:
               | >Russia trying to recreate the USSR, I can see.
               | 
               | USSR? Nope. Russian Empire? Maybe. Any resemblance to
               | USSR, IMHO, requires at least some kind of Marxism
               | derivative and state-planned economy.
        
           | freeflight wrote:
           | Wasn't considered a weird place when the people of Hong Kong
           | did that [0]
           | 
           | [0] https://edition.cnn.com/2019/08/13/asia/hong-kong-
           | protestors...
        
         | petre wrote:
         | Euromaidan mk2. Putin now has a new problem on his hands, ahead
         | of the Jan 10th talks on Ukraine with the US and now the EU as
         | well. This is just great timing.
        
       | jabej wrote:
        
         | actually_a_dog wrote:
         | Westerners should protest about energy prices? If anything,
         | Westerners ought to be paying far higher energy prices in the
         | form of carbon taxes.
        
           | tlear wrote:
           | I am sure this will work great and not lead to historic route
           | at the next election. Notice how fast Biden got on trying to
           | contain the gas prices?
           | 
           | You have to understand that massive slices of society whole
           | lives depend on gas prices being in certain range. They are
           | not going to go eat cake.. they WILL do something about it.
        
           | redanddead wrote:
           | How so? And by Westerners do you mean NA + EU or NA?
           | 
           | What about Australia?
        
           | inglor_cz wrote:
           | Even the EU has a lot of poorer member states. "Far higher
           | energy prices" in Lithuania or Romania would be unbearable
           | for the local population. Few people are ready to silently
           | freeze to death in the name of climate protection.
        
             | screenbreakout wrote:
             | In my city Cluj Napoca (Romania), I would welcome higher
             | petrol prices, which might lead to less trafic and I'm sure
             | the more needy could be helped with some form of subsidy
             | from said taxes...
             | 
             | A SUV tax would probably be more efficient... btw I don't
             | know how many of you know this but on Fridays public
             | transport is free in Romanian cities...
        
           | adventured wrote:
           | By a dramatic margin the most polluting nations in all
           | respects are non-Western nations. Your tax premise is
           | backwards accordingly.
           | 
           | Insert retort: yeah but that's just because the West
           | outsources its pollution. No, in fact 'developing' countries
           | like China are self-contained pollution monsters. In order to
           | fulfill their own gigantic consumer demand, China has to be
           | the world's most polluting nation with how they've structured
           | their grid and industry. Exports to eg the US are a small
           | share of China's emissions problem and getting ever smaller
           | as a share of the problem.
           | 
           | China is about to become the world's largest economy and gets
           | 60% of its energy from coal, while they aggressively build a
           | lot more coal power plants and their emissions continue to
           | skyrocket (despite already outputting more emissions than the
           | US + EU combined). While US and EU emissions continue to
           | contract (their consumer demand growth + economic growth is
           | largely net stagnant anyway), China will again double its
           | emissions output, guaranteeing the planet will be partially
           | destroyed (if the climate predictions are at all accurate).
        
             | BlueTemplar wrote:
             | Well, yes, and for the USA is likely different but for some
             | EU countries the CO2 embedded in imports from China is now
             | larger than their own CO2 production, so that's not
             | something that can be neglected...
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | democracy wrote:
       | 30 years under the dictatorship... my heart is with the people
       | and I hope for the best for the country!
        
         | BurningFrog wrote:
         | Before that 70 years of communist dictatorship. Before that
         | centuries of Russian Tsar dictatorship, and so on...
        
         | osipov wrote:
        
         | q1w2 wrote:
         | The most likely government to be installed will be an islamic
         | state, so I would not be very hopeful.
         | 
         | Also, Russia might intervene militarily and annex the norther
         | half of the country - as they have recently made comments that
         | the Soviets gave them too much land.
         | 
         | It is far more likely this will end badly for the average
         | Kazakh citizen.
        
           | levvolk wrote:
           | > The most likely government to be installed will be an
           | islamic state,..
           | 
           | The suffix "-stan" is very suggestive, isn't it? After all,
           | there are Pakistan and Afghanistan -- massively Islamic
           | countries.
           | 
           | Similarly, Thailand ends in "-land", yet no one thinks
           | Thailand is in Europe despite the fact that England,
           | Switzerland and Poland are all European.
           | 
           | Islam in Kazakhstan is non-pure, non-literalist and heavily
           | tinged/influenced by local shamanistic traditions and old
           | Soviet ways unlike that in Middle East.
           | 
           | Pure Islam in Kazakhstan would look jarringly out of place.
        
           | int_19h wrote:
           | Kazakhstan is one of the most secular countries in Central
           | Asia (20% self-reported as "irreligious" in a 2019 poll), so
           | I find that rather unlikely.
        
           | yladiz wrote:
           | What do you mean by Islamic state? Something like in Iran, or
           | something like in Turkey? I'm not sure what your sources are
           | but if you mean something like in Iran it's extremely
           | unlikely to happen in Kazakhstan. Russia taking some land is
           | more likely but Russia would likely prefer better relations
           | with Kazakhstan due to their gas and economic ties, and
           | annexing that land isn't really that important compared to
           | Ukraine.
        
       | jgrahamc wrote:
       | Live data is available on Cloudflare Radar for Kazakhstan here:
       | https://radar.cloudflare.com/kz?date_filter=last_24_hours
        
         | capableweb wrote:
         | Better view of the current situation (last 6 hours shown,
         | instead of last 7 days):
         | https://radar.cloudflare.com/kz?date_filter=last_6_hours
        
           | mirages wrote:
           | debian.org jumped to the 14th most visited according to that
           | page coming from the low 400th
        
             | Nextgrid wrote:
             | Two possibilities:
             | 
             | 1) People are looking for Linux resources as it might help
             | them evade censorship or set up local networks
             | 
             | 2) Residential traffic dropped but servers aren't affected
             | and so Debian-based servers' update traffic now represents
             | a much larger part of the country's total traffic
        
               | bmicraft wrote:
               | It may also be that debian.org is just whitelisted
        
               | thrdbndndn wrote:
               | Most likely 2 since most people don't have internet RN.
               | But I don't know who exactly still have; I assume most
               | non-backbone civil servers got cut out too.
        
       | baybal2 wrote:
       | T7-VIP1 is a personal aircraft of Nazarbayev family.
       | https://www.flightradar24.com/data/aircraft/t7-vip1
       | 
       | The news are there that he fled the country to Switzerland, got a
       | boot from there, and was forced to flee to Uzbekistan.
        
         | hitpointdrew wrote:
         | Curious as to how you know that the T7-VIP1 is a personal
         | aircraft of Nazarbayev family?
        
       | thempes123 wrote:
        
         | y04nn wrote:
         | That made me remember reading about it, there is a satellite
         | broadcast of the blockchain, by Blockstream [1] started by Adam
         | Back I think. Not sure if it really works or is used/usable.
         | 
         | [1]: https://blockstream.com/satellite/
        
         | gruez wrote:
         | >Turns our there isn't much use for it if you unplug the cable
         | huh?
         | 
         | Not really. Bitcoin transactions are typically around 500
         | bytes. Smuggling that out via alternative means doesn't seem
         | too hard. As for the blockchain itself (for verifying
         | transactions), there's this:
         | https://www.blockstream.com/satellite/
        
           | thempes123 wrote:
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | fsflover wrote:
         | During a local revolution, crypto is as useless for
         | transactions as regular money. However, it will not loose its
         | value unlike the latter.
        
       | StringyBob wrote:
       | Do wonder what Russia's reaction will be. Not wanting to belittle
       | the impact on people's lives from geopolitical turmoil, but
       | amongst other things Baikonur Cosmodrome is inside Kazakhstan -
       | where a lot of the Russian space launches are from.
        
         | q1w2 wrote:
         | Numerous Russian politicians have recently said that the
         | Soviets gave Kazakhstan too much land, and that the northern
         | portion of the country which holds the 25% ethnic Russian
         | population, should return to Russia.
         | 
         | This seems like a possible opportunity for Putin to annex more
         | territory.
        
           | StringyBob wrote:
           | I expect Putin's forces will now move in to secure the
           | country, and will never leave
        
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       (page generated 2022-01-05 23:01 UTC)