[HN Gopher] Lost languages discovered in the oldest continuously...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Lost languages discovered in the oldest continuously run libraries
       (2017)
        
       Author : ALee
       Score  : 86 points
       Date   : 2022-01-03 20:20 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.smithsonianmag.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.smithsonianmag.com)
        
       | billpg wrote:
       | Glibc contains COBOL code?
        
       | dhosek wrote:
       | Pre-modern manuscript practices are remarkably alien to us today.
       | A single codex might contain multiple works in it with no
       | external indication of its contents. It's entirely possible that
       | many lost works are sitting in manuscript libraries because
       | nobody has been able to catalog everything in them. Add in the
       | palimpsest practice (which would not only impact situations like
       | Saint Catherine's but would also cause a manuscript containing
       | some pagan text to be overwritten with a Christian text--or in
       | later centuries for a Christian text to be overwritten with an
       | Islamic text) and it's entirely possible that somewhere there's a
       | copy of Aristotle's Second book of Poetics or more of Sappho than
       | we currently have. It kind of excites me to consider the
       | possibilities (and wonder if the alternate universe version of me
       | who majored in classics might be combing through the Vatican
       | archives right now).
        
       | choeger wrote:
       | > with the rise of Islam in the 7th century, Christian sites in
       | the Sinai Desert began to disappear, and Saint Catherine's found
       | itself in relative isolation. Monks turned to reusing older
       | parchments when supplies at the monastery ran scarce.
       | 
       | That sounds ... odd. If the monks were isolated then why should
       | they copy books, especially when they had to delete older
       | material to do so? At the very least this implies that the monks
       | had a supply of books to copy and also had to return the
       | originals to someone somehow.
       | 
       | I think the more logical explanation is that the deleted texts
       | were considered worthless.
        
         | rendall wrote:
         | > _' I think the more logical explanation is that the deleted
         | texts were considered worthless.'_
         | 
         | It's your contention that the monks had unlimited access to
         | parchment, but just chose to overwrite older work?
         | 
         | > _If the monks were isolated then why should they copy books,
         | especially when they had to delete older material to do so?_
         | 
         | A religious order dedicated to copying books as a spiritual
         | discipline isn't going to just sit around when parchment is
         | hard to come by.
        
         | pure_simplicity wrote:
         | Books were not only copied to have 2 functional copies, but
         | also to have 1 fresh copy remaining once the older copy is no
         | longer usable. Books are perishable and the more they are used,
         | the quicker they disintegrate. That in itself is sufficient
         | reason to sacrifice some works to preserve other works.
        
         | bluGill wrote:
         | Because some books are more valuable than others. You might
         | enjoy Harry Potter, but if your only copy of a calculus 101 is
         | deteriorating you will erase Harry Potter and copy the calculus
         | text over the top to save the more important calculus book - or
         | maybe you would erase the calculus textbook to copy Harry
         | Potter over the top. This is a statement of relative value when
         | paper is scarce, but it doesn't mean they didn't value the lost
         | text, just that the replacement was even more valuable. If they
         | had plenty of paper they wouldn't have erased the lost text in
         | the first place and probably would have made a new copy.
        
           | hypertele-Xii wrote:
           | There's a third way.
           | 
           | You combine the best halves of calculus and Harry Potter into
           | one book.
           | 
           | It'll be more difficult to understand, but managing so grants
           | one the best of both worlds.
        
             | kmstout wrote:
             | - Harry Potter and the Two-Sided Limit.       - Harry
             | Potter and the Area Beneath the Curve.       - Harry Potter
             | and the Osculating Circle.
        
             | williamdclt wrote:
             | It's probably how "Harry Potter and the Methods of
             | Rationality" (an actual real thing) came about.
        
       | newsbinator wrote:
       | As someone who makes a hobby of learning languages, I am of the
       | highly unpopular opinion that the world would be a better place
       | if we could pick one easy-to-learn language (e.g. Malay) and one
       | super-simple writing system (e.g. South Korean Hangul) and get
       | our species out of the dark ages of having thousands of mutually
       | unintelligible languages.
       | 
       | No-one in their right mind would create an ethical, functioning
       | modern society with thousands of languages, some with 100% global
       | power and some with 0%, and have children born into it at random.
       | 
       | Maybe it's because I'm not a historian, but statements like this:
       | 
       | > Michael Phelps, director of the Early Manuscripts Electronic
       | Library, tells Gray of the Atlantic that the discovery of
       | Caucasian Albanian writings at Saint Catherine's library has
       | helped scholars increase their knowledge of the language's
       | vocabulary, giving them words for things like "net" and "fish."
       | 
       | ... make me sad, not happy. This isn't exciting or fascinating,
       | it's a testament to how pointless it is that we put so much value
       | in languages, like we're still murmuring incantations around a
       | fire and we just learned a new old one to murmur.
       | 
       | Let's pick a word for "net" and "fish" and finally, as a species,
       | be done with it.
       | 
       | Make a program of keeping the new global language alive and
       | equally accessible, just like we currently do with essential
       | medicines.
       | 
       | Everybody has their own local medicines, even traditional witch-
       | doctor medicines, but at the same time everybody gets the exact
       | same doxycycline and training on when to use it. Likewise
       | whatever word we end up choosing for "fish" and "net": use
       | whatever word you want in your village, but when you want the one
       | that works in the rest of the world, we made sure you're already
       | armed with it.
       | 
       | Sure, languages evolve and you can't fight that, but with a
       | global internet and a concerted effort to finally solve the Tower
       | of Babel problem, languages can evolve everywhere at once into a
       | single global language that every child gets brought up speaking.
        
         | yorwba wrote:
         | > pick one easy-to-learn language (e.g. Malay) and one super-
         | simple writing system (e.g. South Korean Hangul)
         | 
         | That's an interesting combination.
         | 
         | The main reason why English speakers often consider Malay to be
         | easier than other South-East Asian languages is that it's
         | usually written using the Latin script without diacritics.
         | Writing it in Hangul instead would make it just another
         | language with a writing system few people are familiar with.
         | 
         | Whereas Hangul as used for writing Korean has plenty of cases
         | where the same symbol represents different sounds in different
         | context and vice versa different symbols representing the same
         | sound in the same context. There's an internal logic to it that
         | makes sense for Korean, because it results in words deriving
         | from the same root being spelled similarly, but if you apply it
         | to Malay, it's just another random set of symbols that can be
         | assigned sounds by convention.
        
           | newsbinator wrote:
           | > The main reason why English speakers often consider Malay
           | to be easier than other South-East Asian languages is that
           | it's usually written using the Latin script without
           | diacritics
           | 
           | Malay/Indonesian is ridiculously easy and fun to learn. The
           | simple/logical grammar is a joy compared to English, French,
           | Arabic, etc. And it doesn't really have tones like Chinese.
           | 
           | Anyway Malay + Hangul may not be your first choice, that's
           | totally fine. Whatever is your first choice, let's go with it
           | and establish it as the global baseline language that all
           | children learn in school from kindergarten and in cartoons
           | long before that.
        
         | tbonesteaks wrote:
         | You have a very fascinating point of view. I never thought of
         | it that way before. But, from what I understand, the Tower of
         | Babel isn't a problem to be solved. It was a solution to the
         | problem you want to introduce. Not disagreeing with your points
         | exactly, but it is very interesting dichotomy you've
         | introduced.
        
         | huachimingo wrote:
         | Godwin's Law for language discussion:
         | 
         | Consider the language _Esperanto_ for universal candidate.  /s
        
         | hypertele-Xii wrote:
         | I read your comment and compare to programming languages. It
         | _would_ be revolutionary to have all computers programmed in
         | the same language, but as different languages are good at
         | different things and evolve concurrently, it 's almost
         | inconcievable to make it happen.
         | 
         | And you're talking about refactoring not merely an entire
         | industry, but the very language of thought for our species!
         | 
         | How can we even begin to approach this consciously?
        
           | newsbinator wrote:
           | The analogy is reasonable, although it breaks down because
           | human languages are not nearly as varied in usefulness for
           | different things as programming languages are.
           | 
           | Human languages are much more generalized.
           | 
           | Sure, you can find domain-specific examples of one human
           | language being preferable to another though, like when Korean
           | Air forced all its pilots to communicate in English, even
           | Korean->Korean pilots, because in English you can tell
           | explicitly a person who is older/more senior than you that
           | they're about to kill everybody on the plane, without
           | defaulting to making that a polite "it seems as though
           | perhaps what if" suggestion.
           | 
           | On a country-level, we've successfully normalized a given
           | language across large populations and large geographies.
           | Often without involving genocide or prison camps.
           | 
           | If we can roll out vaccines to the globe over a couple years
           | and a few trillion dollars, then surely rolling out a global
           | language over a generation or two would only be 1 or 2 orders
           | of magnitude more challenging, but it would likely result in
           | far more benefit to the human race in the medium/long term,
           | and probably even in the short term too.
        
             | hypertele-Xii wrote:
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguistic_relativity
        
               | newsbinator wrote:
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newspeak
        
             | SamoyedFurFluff wrote:
             | > On a country-level, we've successfully normalized a given
             | language across large populations and large geographies.
             | Often without involving genocide or prison camps.
             | 
             | Which country is this? Genuinely curious. I'm a native
             | English speaker and any time English was established as a
             | country wide lingua franca it involved colonization and
             | suppression of other people, even in England.
        
               | newsbinator wrote:
               | There are several examples. Here's one that involved
               | fining people for not speaking the lingua franca _in
               | public_ :
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citizen,_speak_Turkish!
               | 
               | I'm not sure exactly how I feel about this. I hope we can
               | get everyone to a global language without so much as a $1
               | fine, but if it did require a generation of fines and
               | public shaming, it could fall into "the ends justify the
               | means" territory.
               | 
               | In my modern/developed country we fine _citizens_ heavily
               | for entering without presenting a valid PCR test against
               | covid. That 's because we believe the public good of
               | having everyone free of covid outweighs the public evil
               | of fining people for simply existing as they are.
               | 
               | Would the public good of switching the globe to a unified
               | language be worth fines and social pressure?
               | 
               | I don't know the answer to that, which maybe correlates
               | with my score on the "Darkness Measure" we've recently
               | seen posted here on HN:
               | 
               | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=29734100
        
             | jcranmer wrote:
             | > On a country-level, we've successfully normalized a given
             | language across large populations and large geographies.
             | Often without involving genocide or prison camps.
             | 
             | Well, what do you call beating school children for not
             | speaking the "proper" language? Because that's basically
             | the minimum you need to do (see: US, Canada, France for
             | specific examples).
        
               | newsbinator wrote:
               | We don't need to beat school children to get them to do
               | all sorts of things they'd rather not do. Currently we
               | get most school children trained to be effective factory
               | workers and low-grade administrative assistants by age
               | 14~16 without beating any of them.
               | 
               | People used to beat school children all the time. They
               | used to beat minorities and torture people who have
               | developmental problems.
               | 
               | We don't do that anymore, and we still find ways of
               | achieving our aims.
        
           | katsura wrote:
           | Every computer is programmed with the same language, namely
           | 1s and 0s. The other programming languages add certain
           | abstractions to make different things "easier".
           | 
           | But there doesn't exist a human language that you can use to
           | communicate with everyone on Earth. OP seems to propose a 0-1
           | language (to stay with the computer analogy) everyone could
           | use to communicate with anybody else, while the local
           | languages would be kept the same way as different programming
           | languages are used now (basically to express certain patterns
           | differently).
        
             | newsbinator wrote:
             | That's a good summary, thanks! With the only departure
             | being that programming in 1s and 0s is very hard for humans
             | and so we develop abstractions on top of it to make it
             | easier.
             | 
             | Whereas the baseline language I'm proposing we use would be
             | very easy for humans, and in fact would be much easier than
             | the local languages that would be kept the same to express
             | whatever they're good at expressing.
        
             | Izkata wrote:
             | Isn't that what Esperanto was supposed to be?
        
               | katsura wrote:
               | Don't get me wrong, I have a huge appreciation for
               | Esperanto, but using it as a global language would mean
               | forcing western ideas, about how a language should work,
               | on the eastern population. So as Zamenhof didn't consider
               | Asian languages when he made Esperanto (not to mention
               | the use of diacritics), I wouldn't use it as a global
               | language.
               | 
               | I have been following some auxlangs for some time now,
               | and if I had to vote, I'd go with an a priori language as
               | a global second language, instead of choosing an existing
               | one with specific culture attached to it.
        
         | yosito wrote:
         | The thing is, languages are a whole lot more than systems for
         | speaking and writing. They're cultural memes and make up a
         | large portion of many people's identity. I speak two widely
         | spoken languages and one that's a bit less common. Learning the
         | less common language was like gaining membership in an
         | exclusive cultural club, and was even a key to getting
         | citizenship. But I had to learn more than just words for
         | things. I had to learn about culture and history just to be
         | able to socialize in the language. I learned things that simply
         | can't be translated into other languages without long
         | paragraphs of explanation that would actually require the
         | reader to accept some knowledge of the language to understand
         | them. And people who grew up speaking this language have their
         | entire life experience wrapped up in it, and their entire
         | family history wrapped up in it for thousands of years. It
         | can't simply be replaced with a standardized system. Currently,
         | the closest thing the world has to a global standardized
         | language is English. English isn't the most logical or simple
         | system, but it works because so many people already know it due
         | to the global shared history it has. Languages can't be
         | divorced from history and culture, even English.
        
           | newsbinator wrote:
           | > Learning the less common language was like gaining
           | membership in an exclusive cultural club
           | 
           | This is the problem: every language is an exclusive cultural
           | club. I want to have one that isn't an exclusive cultural
           | club.
           | 
           | > I learned things that simply can't be translated into other
           | languages without long paragraphs of explanation that would
           | actually require the reader to accept some knowledge of the
           | language to understand them
           | 
           | What would be an example of this? For example in Korean
           | there's the concept of jeong, which is a Korean-specific
           | feeling of love/loyalty/bond with another person. You could
           | write paragraphs about how it's subtly different from
           | Japanese Jyo or English love/loyalty/bond, but at the end of
           | the day either you need the concept and create a word for it
           | in the global language, even "Jeong" or whatever, or you
           | don't need the concept and don't create a word for it.
           | 
           | You don't build all of FORTRAN into CSS just because you want
           | to borrow the concept of variables. You borrow what you need
           | and make sure it fits nicely with what's already there.
           | 
           | > And people who grew up speaking this language have their
           | entire life experience wrapped up in it, and their entire
           | family history wrapped up in it for thousands of years.
           | 
           | You're saying that if over a generation they were to switch
           | from one language to another their children and grandchildren
           | would be without a history?
           | 
           | The children in our family don't speak the same language as
           | their grandparents did. They don't know any of the culture-
           | specific words. This doesn't seem to matter in any way that
           | I've noticed, and certainly they themselves haven't.
        
             | nitrogen wrote:
             | Your ideas are interesting and I wish you luck on your
             | quixotic quest to switch this part of our world from PvP
             | mode to PvE mode.
        
             | yosito wrote:
             | > The children in our family don't speak the same language
             | as their grandparents did ... This doesn't seem to matter
             | in any way that I've noticed
             | 
             | Speaking as a grandchild who didn't have the fortune of
             | being exposed to my grandparents' language growing up, I
             | felt that I missed out on a wealth of cultural knowledge
             | and experience, which is what drove me to learn the
             | language as an adult. I very much wish that I would have
             | been taught by my family as a child.
             | 
             | > What would be an example of this?
             | 
             | Azt a fuzfan futyulo rez angyalat!
             | 
             | This is the first example that came to my mind. It's not
             | even the best example. The literal translation is "Unto
             | that copper angel whistling on the willow tree", and it
             | could be substituted with "Wow!" but good luck figuring out
             | why it means that and why people use it instead of "Huha".
             | 
             | Another more recent example, "Szeretnem elkerni Meszaros
             | Lorinc anyukajanak lencsefozelek receptjet". You simply
             | won't be able to understand what that means or why someone
             | would say it as a literal translation.
        
               | newsbinator wrote:
               | > You simply won't be able to understand what that means
               | or why someone would say it as a literal translation.
               | 
               | This is a supporting argument for my point: it's the
               | equivalent of an in-joke that I simply wouldn't be able
               | to understand.
               | 
               | Lots of groups have in-jokes that I can't understand. For
               | example, 3/4ths of memes on gaming and sports subreddits.
               | These are rich cultures I am not a part of and have no
               | need to be a part of.
               | 
               | I want there to be a single, unifying baseline language
               | that we can all understand. When a concept is relevant to
               | us, we'll create words for it. When it's a historical or
               | cultural curiosity and not relevant to us, we'll leave it
               | to be explored by hobbyists, academics and people who
               | have some historical connection to it.
               | 
               | Not every in-joke in every culture needs to be preserved
               | as a world heritage.
               | 
               | At some point we need to say: here are the words to know
               | and here's how we use them to do math, science, politics,
               | and to debate social issues... everything that involves
               | people who aren't in one's personal in-group, in one's
               | tribe or on one's team.
               | 
               | Those words will evolve, but let them evolve globally,
               | with off-shoots that are relevant to in-groups, but with
               | a main branch that is relevant to everybody.
        
         | kartikay26 wrote:
         | I don't think we need to put in extra "effort" to make it
         | happen, it's already happening - and English is becoming the
         | default global language. Knowing English is an advantage in
         | most jobs all over the world and it seems the percentage of
         | English speakers in the world is increasing over time.
        
           | newsbinator wrote:
           | That's true, it's going in that direction. But that's like
           | saying there's less Malaria year over year because we're
           | naturally building cities and towns that displace mosquito
           | habitats.
           | 
           | If we're going to agree that X is a problem and that we're
           | happy the problem is naturally diminishing at some snail-like
           | pace, then let's also agree to take direct action to solve X
           | properly and now.
           | 
           | We're tackling the Malaria problem, with dollars and behavior
           | changes. Let's tackle the Tower of Babel problem with dollars
           | and behavior changes. English is an okay global language, for
           | example, but its writing system is far from okay.
        
             | thatjoeoverthr wrote:
             | Empirically, most people deal with English'a dumb spelling.
             | Over a billion people have gone and learned English, on top
             | of native speakers. We're using it now. Your hypothetical
             | new language would have to displace this incumbent which
             | for all practical purposes already does what you want of
             | it. Miraculously, people can do more than one language so
             | all this happens without anyone abandoning their languages.
             | English spelling is not okay but it's not -far- from okay.
             | Most people (who, again, empirically deal with it fine) are
             | typing with autocorrect.
        
               | newsbinator wrote:
               | Every person who learns English writing today spends
               | literal _years_ learning it to the point of not being
               | embarrassingly bad at writing it.
               | 
               | I'm not sure if you've ever had to learn English as a
               | non-native English speaker, but it's one of the hardest,
               | most painful, longest things to get truly proficient at,
               | equal to other very hard aspects in one's very hard
               | profession.
               | 
               | There are hundreds of millions of smart people who can't
               | communicate their ideas to us in even simple English
               | sentences. Whereas English grammar, as long as you avoid
               | idioms, is pretty accessible as far as natural languages
               | go.
               | 
               | So to sum up: as a global language English is maybe okay,
               | but its writing system makes it not at all okay.
        
               | nitrogen wrote:
               | Regarding writing systems for English, have you seen this
               | one? We had to learn about it when growing up in Utah:
               | 
               | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deseret_alphabet
        
               | kaesar14 wrote:
               | I don't think anyone disagrees English writing sucks, but
               | the inertia is massive, and the benefits not all that
               | clear relative to the absolutely massive cost. Retraining
               | every English speaker to write, changing all our
               | keyboards, changing signage and physical written word...
               | it's a near impossible task. And it's not clear to me
               | what the benefit is when, yes, a billion people can more
               | or less communicate in it just fine.
        
         | jcranmer wrote:
         | > Sure, languages evolve and you can't fight that, but with a
         | global internet and a concerted effort to finally solve the
         | Tower of Babel problem, languages can evolve everywhere at once
         | into a single global language that every child gets brought up
         | speaking.
         | 
         | That... is optimistic, to say the least. Languages evolve
         | essentially by having successive generations pick up
         | collectively on idiosyncratic features of the language. And of
         | course, people who aren't talking with each other aren't going
         | to pick up on others' idiosyncratic features, and after several
         | generations, you end up with new, distinct languages. To keep a
         | single language out of it, you have to work hard to promote
         | only a single version of it, and rather literally beat the
         | daylight of anyone who speaks the "wrong" version of the
         | language (this is essentially how the modern "big" European
         | languages came about.)
         | 
         | In other words, enforcing linguistic unity tends to require
         | enforcing cultural unity as well.
        
           | newsbinator wrote:
           | > you have to work hard to promote only a single version of
           | it
           | 
           | Yes, you do have to work to make it happen. Up to now we've
           | given languages a free cultural pass, whereas diseases and
           | poverty we keep shoveling trillions into, and we're proud
           | when we've made a 20% dent.
           | 
           | It takes work to pull the species out of what is natural,
           | because what is natural is very often terrible. Diseases
           | naturally evolve to terrorize us. We fight them and sometimes
           | we win.
           | 
           | The first step is admitting that how languages have evolved
           | naturally up to now sucks for an ethical, roughly egalitarian
           | 21st century information-based society.
           | 
           | The sooner we can de-link language from local culture, the
           | better.
           | 
           | And of course that begs the question: _can_ language be
           | delinked from culture?
           | 
           | Yes: my native language isn't the one I'm writing in to you
           | now, and my native culture is whatever I'm making up for
           | myself as I go along, to the chagrin of my parents and many
           | in the culture I was born into.
        
             | benjaminwai wrote:
             | Can language be delinked from culture? Maybe. But can a
             | language survive without a culture to encompass it? If you
             | strip culture from a language, wouldn't the language would
             | become toneless and meaningless? Yes, you can call
             | something a 'net' or a 'fish' at a basic level. However in
             | one culture one might say, "You must cast your net to catch
             | the fish" it's plain what it means and it is meaningful,
             | but for someone without the cultural context, it's a head
             | scratcher and may wonder what fish are you talking about?
             | 
             | I'm too, my native language isn't the one I am writing
             | here. I have lived in quite a few different places. Culture
             | is not something I could make up for myself as I go along,
             | I don't think anyone could do so in isolation. I took in
             | the different bits of cultures that i have experienced
             | through, sometimes to the dismay of those around me. I
             | appreciate the perspective that cultures create languages,
             | and without the cultural reference the language would cease
             | its importance and would die.
        
               | newsbinator wrote:
               | > If you strip culture from a language, wouldn't the
               | language would become toneless and meaningless?
               | 
               | Indeed, languages are toneless and meaningless when
               | divorced from their functional role in connecting people
               | and enabling them to share thoughts.
               | 
               | For that reason languages aren't sacrosanct and are
               | replaceable.
        
         | 63 wrote:
         | Language is an integral part of every culture. It's not just an
         | arbitrary system that everyone chose differently, but a way of
         | communicating and reinforcing ideas that's unique to different
         | groups. Consider the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis. There's a reason
         | language was associated with nationalism in the 20th century.
         | Keeping the diversity of breadth of the human experience alive
         | (much of which we've already lost with increasing globalism)
         | means keeping diverse languages and cultures, and I think
         | that's important.
        
           | newsbinator wrote:
           | This is the standard refrain any time somebody calls for a
           | unified language: "it's an integral part of our culture".
           | 
           | I addressed this:
           | 
           | > Everybody has their own local medicines, even traditional
           | witch-doctor medicines, but at the same time everybody gets
           | the exact same doxycycline and training on when to use it.
           | Likewise whatever word we end up choosing for "fish" and
           | "net": use whatever word you want in your village, but when
           | you want the one that works in the rest of the world, we made
           | sure you're already armed with it.
           | 
           | Will this mean losing the diversity of cultures due to
           | increased globalism? Yes.
           | 
           | Now here comes my most unpopular opinion on HN:
           | 
           | Good, let's lose some cultures.
           | 
           | My culture isn't special. Human cultures aren't a scare
           | resource and we make up new ones all the time. If the next
           | generation, which enjoys the gift of a single unified
           | baseline language, isn't interested in my culture anymore,
           | that's fine. It might even be good news.
           | 
           | When they need a culture like my culture again, they'll
           | develop one, probably within years or months.
           | 
           | Complex cultures pop into and out of existence on the
           | internet every day, and they're no less complex and no less
           | varied than the ones that involved worshipping tree spirits
           | and eating each other's hearts for strength. Let dying
           | cultures die.
        
             | mrtranscendence wrote:
             | > Complex cultures pop into and out of existence on the
             | internet every day, and they're no less complex and no less
             | varied
             | 
             | It's astonishing to what degree that comparison misses the
             | mark. No, "complex" cultures don't pop into and out of
             | existence on the internet every day -- "gaming" culture or
             | "sports" culture or "woke twitter" culture are not cultures
             | in the same sense that people living an an area and
             | speaking a common language develop a culture over time.
             | They're not the same thing, and though you might compare
             | them via metaphor they're so different as to make that
             | metaphor misleading.
             | 
             | Amusingly, I've seen this attitude in Esperanto circles.
             | No, there's no "Esperanto" culture in the same sense that
             | I'm culturally North American (for example).
             | 
             | > When they need a culture like my culture again, they'll
             | develop one, probably within years or months.
             | 
             | Culture is not nearly as ephemeral as you're making it out.
             | You can't just develop a culture out of nothing. My
             | "culture" includes not just a common vocabulary but a
             | shared history going back hundreds of years; it includes
             | visual arts, literature, intertwined family histories, the
             | dust bowl, jazz and rock and roll. You can't just find
             | those popping into and out of existence on Discord or
             | Facebook.
        
         | yboris wrote:
         | Language is a way of thought. Languages come with their own
         | quirks, and just like [plant] monoculture is bad for an
         | ecosystem, so would a single language. Since I was born in
         | Russia and came to the US (thus becoming fluent in both
         | languages), and especially after reading the book "Metaphors we
         | live by" I see how language forces certain concepts on us.
         | Having a variety of languages is a benefit, despite introducing
         | problems.
         | 
         | As of now, English has become the de-facto universal language:
         | in many countries it's the #1 most-studied foreign language in
         | schools. I don't see a problem with having English (or another
         | language) be everyone's 2nd language for better global
         | communication.
        
           | ziotom78 wrote:
           | I second this. Better having a 2nd language that is common
           | for everybody than have just one language and only one way to
           | express thoughts. I speak Italian (my mother tongue),
           | English, Romanian and a bit of German, and I really enjoy
           | when I discover subtle connections between words/sayings and
           | the culture of the people using that language.
           | 
           | (As an analogy, what if the world decides that only C++
           | should be used to write programs and libraries?!? Boooring!)
        
             | newsbinator wrote:
             | > just one language and only one way to express thoughts.
             | 
             | There's no reason any reasonable person would suggest this
        
           | rileyphone wrote:
           | The Sapir-Whorf hypothesis always catches me as something we
           | should investigate more, but unfortunately it's mired in the
           | broader conflict of cultural relativity, as I learned when my
           | anthro professor tried to disprove it with a convoluted
           | argument from an aboriginal tribes notion of direction. A
           | diversity of languages means a diversity of thought, which
           | maybe you could make the case for more multilingual teams
           | from.
           | 
           | English seems to suck as a language but it has risen to be
           | the lingua franca of our present world system - how much of
           | that is because British and American superpowerdom vs being a
           | good lingua franca is up for debate.
        
             | Sunspark wrote:
             | It probably helps that it doesn't require one to memorize
             | 10,000-20,000 individual characters and isn't a multi-tonal
             | language so it also doesn't require excellent hearing
             | discrimination.
        
         | muststopmyths wrote:
         | I'm sure you know that there is a reason your opinion is highly
         | unpopular. Language doesn't just communicate fish and net.
         | 
         | Poetry, songs and literature just do not seamlessly translate
         | between languages very well. Nor should we lose the calligraphy
         | of Japanese/Chinese/Arabic/Persian.
         | 
         | Humanity would lose a lot if we all went to just one language
         | and script.
         | 
         | Sure, when all the rich people flee to Elysium or Mars, they
         | will be better off with generations growing up together with a
         | common language and script. Because the population will be
         | small in comparison and they will be creating their own
         | civilization.
         | 
         | But until then, I'd like to keep the diversity right here on
         | Earth.
        
           | newsbinator wrote:
           | > Poetry, songs and literature just do not seamlessly
           | translate between languages very well. Nor should we lose the
           | calligraphy of Japanese/Chinese/Arabic/Persian.
           | 
           | We don't have to incinerate anything. There won't be a
           | government commission you have to petition to be allowed to
           | do Japanese calligraphy or read a poem in its original
           | language.
        
             | ksdale wrote:
             | I mean, if you don't _force_ people to do it, then English
             | is The One Language you 're talking about. People have
             | basically collectively decided that if they're talking to
             | someone halfway around the world, the words for net and
             | fish are net and fish.
        
             | paganel wrote:
             | Of course not, but the language will get lost, with time.
        
               | dorchadas wrote:
               | This is already happening, at an ever increasing rate.
               | It's likely that the majority of languages will be
               | extinct by the end of the century.
        
         | KineticLensman wrote:
         | Implementing a new global language is akin to a standardization
         | process. From my experience in standardization (several years
         | supporting SISO [0]), standardization is a very expensive and
         | time consuming activity, even when the participants can see
         | obvious benefits. Creating a new global language - and then
         | adopting it - would have a massive opportunity cost - that
         | could be better spent in trying to deal with higher priority
         | problems such as global heating.
         | 
         | [0]
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simulation_Interoperability_St...
        
         | gwbas1c wrote:
         | That would be authoritarian.
         | 
         | I think natural evolution will gradually move most people to
         | adopt either a single global language, or there will only be a
         | few global languages. As English speakers, you and I can travel
         | to most parts of the world without knowing the local language,
         | because English is so pervasive. Will the "global language" be
         | English? Who knows!
         | 
         | > Sure, languages evolve and you can't fight that, but with a
         | global internet and a concerted effort to finally solve the
         | Tower of Babel problem, languages can evolve everywhere at once
         | into a single global language that every child gets brought up
         | speaking.
         | 
         | I always find it fascinating to see different dialects of
         | English. The way that Americans will say "Please ..." and
         | Indians say "Kindly ..." always makes me chuckle.
        
         | kragen wrote:
         | Schleyer's project of an international auxiliary language (and
         | then later Zamenhof's, with Esperanto, and Hogben's with
         | Interlingua) is indeed very worthwhile. It seems to have run
         | into some political resistance, though.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | BuckRogers wrote:
         | The problem with the idea as I see it, is that it'll just
         | tribalize again. You'd need to ensure that requirements are in
         | place for learning and maintaining the chosen language, and
         | prevent substantial evolution within it by any group of people.
         | It's better for something like this to be a 2nd language, which
         | is already in place for the world in English. The easy to learn
         | and write part is mostly there, but getting someone out of the
         | dark ages relies on them learning English. The real problem
         | with maintaining language interop is that you have to practice
         | it. It's infeasible to foist a new language onto the entire
         | world, or choose one, rather than work with what we have. Money
         | and knowledge are the only real motivators and English has it.
         | Just as French did before, and Latin before that. Spanish,
         | Chinese and Hindi probably also have a secure existence and
         | always will. The rest are at risk of dwindling numbers and then
         | extinction. So your wish has been coming true over time.
        
         | SuoDuanDao wrote:
         | That is very much the sentiment behind the Esperanto movement.
         | Though that was proposed as a standardized second language, to
         | be learned alongside whatever local languages were already
         | being learned by the local population.
         | 
         | The Esperanto crowd is a cool community, but uptake has been
         | much slower than would be necessary for it to have the desired
         | effectiveness.
        
         | tgv wrote:
         | What would that solve? Do large societies with a common
         | language do so much better than those with multiple languages?
         | 
         | > South Korean Hangul
         | 
         | The Roman alphabet is just as simple, and much wider spread.
         | English is a perfectly simple, easy to learn language with
         | great expressive power. So shall we settle on English as the
         | New World Language? Thought so.
        
           | 725686 wrote:
           | "English is a perfectly simple, easy to learn language"
           | 
           | What? English writing and pronunciation are atrocious. There
           | are more exceptions than rules. I thought it was a pretty
           | well known fact. There are languages where you can perfectly
           | pronounce the words even if you don't have the slightest idea
           | of what you are reading.
        
           | alvarlagerlof wrote:
           | English isn't simple at all.
        
           | newsbinator wrote:
           | That's like comparing learning to drive a car with learning
           | to drive a 747.
           | 
           | No, English isn't a perfectly simple, easy to learn writing
           | system. It's among the hardest writing systems to learn.
           | 
           | Which is why we have a ridiculous game called "Spelling
           | Bees", which can't exist in a language that's easy to write
           | in. In Korea nobody's impressed when an 8-year-old can spell
           | a complex-sounding word they've never heard before and don't
           | know the meaning of: they _should_ be able to spell it.
           | 
           | http://chateauview.com/pronunciation/
           | 
           | > Dearest creature in creation Studying English
           | pronunciation, I will teach you in my verse Sounds like
           | corpse, corps, horse and worse.
           | 
           | > I will keep you, Susy, busy, Make your head with heat grow
           | dizzy; Tear in eye, your dress you'll tear; Queer, fair seer,
           | hear my prayer.
           | 
           | > Pray, console your loving poet, Make my coat look new,
           | dear, sew it! Just compare heart, hear and heard, Dies and
           | diet, lord and word.
        
             | BuckRogers wrote:
             | >No, English isn't a perfectly simple, easy to learn
             | writing system. It's among the hardest writing systems to
             | learn.
             | 
             | I can't accept this after decades of hearing 2nd language
             | speakers attempt to trivialize my native language as
             | "easy".
             | 
             | With half the world telling me "English is easy", then it's
             | now on them to learn the easy language. No excuses. Get to
             | learning.
             | 
             | Most of your examples don't really become big issues day to
             | day either. They may never become lawyers using English,
             | but they'll maintain just about any other career including
             | a medical doctor.
        
             | tgv wrote:
             | You said writing system, nothing about phonetic
             | correspondence. But then I'll simply replace English by
             | Spanish. There's of course the silent h which throws a
             | spanner in the works sometimes, and there's the v/b
             | overlap, but extremely easy to pronounce straight from the
             | text, even without understanding. And with 27 letters that
             | don't combine with others into groups, a lot easier to
             | learn than Hangul.
             | 
             | Or Inglish with a speling riform? Det shood bi sooparizi
             | too lurn es wel. End yoo get ol da books end moovis for
             | fri.
             | 
             | Anyway, you haven't replied why you think it's
             | advantageous. All that trouble just to avoid translating
             | here or there, or learning multiple languages? What makes
             | you believe that speaking the same language makes a better
             | place?
        
             | CapitalistCartr wrote:
             | When my Romanian friend came to the United States he was
             | shocked to discover we have have spelling bees. In Romanian
             | it would make no sense; the spelling of a word is usually
             | obvious from saying it. Then there's English. We prefer to
             | merge multiple languages together in the most confusing
             | way.
             | 
             | "The problem with defending the purity of the English
             | language is that English is about as pure as a cribhouse
             | whore. We don't just borrow words; on occasion, English has
             | pursued other languages down alleyways to beat them
             | unconscious and rifle their pockets for new vocabulary."
             | --James D. Nicoll
        
         | velcrovan wrote:
         | > No-one in their right mind would create [...] society
         | 
         | Right. Because societies are emergent things that arise from
         | masses of people, not products of an individual's design
         | preferences.
         | 
         | That's not to say that we might not eventually get to one
         | language. But it won't be because of illiterate* ideals
         | expressed through technocratic meddling.
         | 
         | (* -- "Illiterate" in its original sense: https://www.ribbonfar
         | m.com/2012/05/03/rediscovering-)literac...)
        
           | newsbinator wrote:
           | What's the difference between the technocratic meddling of
           | getting everybody to stop spreading AIDS and the technocratic
           | meddling of getting everybody to start speaking the same
           | language?
           | 
           | We build consensus, we devote dollars and person-hours, and
           | we try to figure out how to get closer to a desired end
           | state. We do it all the time. But when it's giving a
           | generation of people plumbing that's monumental human
           | progress and when it's giving a generation of people a lingua
           | franca that's illiterate technocratic meddling.
        
             | rileyphone wrote:
             | The consequences can be disastrous, like Mao's great leap
             | forward. In any case, English is naturally taking the place
             | of the world language.
        
         | Wowfunhappy wrote:
         | Is this an unpopular opinion? I think that languages are
         | beautiful and culture should be studied and respected--but yes,
         | of _course_ the world would be more efficient if we had a
         | single universal language. (And preferably not English, since
         | English is horrible.) There's a reason the Tower of Babel story
         | depicts languages as a punishment from God.
         | 
         | The problem is that it's ultimately a purely academic debate,
         | for somewhat similar reasons to why QWERTY vs DVORAK
         | discussions never lead anywhere. I have spent my entire life
         | practicing reading and writing in english. I have zero interest
         | in all that away to switch to an entirely new language, much
         | less one that none of the people around me speak. You're just
         | never going to develop a movement around this in a free
         | society, so there's no point.
        
           | mrtranscendence wrote:
           | > English is horrible.
           | 
           | English isn't substantially worse than any other natural
           | language, except insofar that it is attached to a very
           | inconsistent system of spelling. That's somewhat orthogonal
           | to English as a language, though, and indeed it could be
           | written with any imagined writing system (e.g. quickscript).
        
             | Wowfunhappy wrote:
             | I'm not well-versed in any foreign languages, but the
             | little I know of Spanish grammar seems to be a lot more
             | consistent than english. (There are footguns, there just
             | seem to be fewer.)
             | 
             | And since we're talking about ideals, I don't see any
             | reason to limit ourselves to natural languages! I am quite
             | certain you could design a language which is much easier to
             | learn and no less expressive.
        
         | danjac wrote:
         | The world decided on English. It wouldn't be my first choice -
         | even as a native speaker - but history and inertia has decided
         | on this obscure Norman French/Anglo-Saxon island pidgin and
         | we're kind of stuck with it until the Chinese century runs its
         | course and we're dealing with pictograms and tonal differences.
        
           | kaesar14 wrote:
           | Until Chinese romanizes it will never be a lingua franca.
           | Simply far too hard to learn the written word, Simplified or
           | not.
        
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