[HN Gopher] The Darker Side of Aaron Swartz (2013)
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       The Darker Side of Aaron Swartz (2013)
        
       Author : dananjaya86
       Score  : 101 points
       Date   : 2021-12-30 14:31 UTC (8 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.newyorker.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.newyorker.com)
        
       | axiosgunnar wrote:
        
         | bellyfullofbac wrote:
         | If someone said it was, would you avoid reading it? If I can
         | guess, maybe your hero worship (I presume) of this guy is
         | making you unobjective.
         | 
         | Now when I say "hero worship", it sounds like I'm saying he's
         | the opposite of a hero, to be honest I just know the name and
         | the case, I haven't dug deep into it to make my own judgement,
         | but I've seen a lot of comments championing him as a hero, and
         | to me it seems their view of him clouds their judgement.
        
           | dpark wrote:
           | Why do you jump to "hero worship" from someone asking if it's
           | a "hit piece"?
        
             | TameAntelope wrote:
        
               | dpark wrote:
               | Why are you engaging in the comments for an article about
               | Aaron Swartz then?
        
               | TameAntelope wrote:
               | Just trying to help provide some perspective, but you're
               | right I usually steer clear.
        
         | ViViDboarder wrote:
         | It's not, really.
        
           | Robotbeat wrote:
           | Then the headline is misleading. Doubly bad for pay articles
        
       | pipeline_peak wrote:
       | "His girlfriend Taren always dealt with taxi-drivers, with
       | waitresses."
       | 
       | "The guy in front of me's leaning all the way back, but I'm in
       | the last row so my seat doesn't go back, and I have to lift my
       | legs up to stretch out a muscle that was sitting funny while I
       | was asleep"
       | 
       | I feel like Aaron Swartz was never truly an adult, just a boyish
       | intellectual. I can't imagine his submissive behavior was a net
       | positive to his mental health.
        
         | borski wrote:
         | I'm not diagnosing, obviously, but a lot of this, including the
         | phobia of fruit and non-white and yellow vegetables seems... on
         | the spectrum, at the very least. I wonder if Aaron had
         | undiagnosed autism of some sort.
        
           | jedberg wrote:
           | He was a super taster. When he stayed with me he insisted on
           | the plainest of food and told me it's because he's a super
           | taster. Although thinking back now, maybe that was just an
           | excuse to cover for something else.
        
             | caslon wrote:
             | _To be honest, I've always had a problematic relationship
             | with food. I always liked plain things -- the year before
             | college I lived mostly off of eating plain, microwaved
             | bagels. At oriental restaurants I would always just order
             | steamed white rice. Wes Felter, noting I would apparently
             | only eat white food joked, referencing a Science Fiction
             | novel, that I would eat light bulbs, but "only the white
             | ones". This reached its extremes at a World Wide Web
             | conference where all the food was white, even the plate it
             | was on. Tim Berners-Lee later pulled my mother aside to
             | share his concerns about this diet._
             | 
             |  _Finally, one day at an oriental restaurant by Stanford
             | (years before I went to school there), we had the typical
             | discussion except this time Cory Doctorow spoke up: 'are
             | you sure you're not a supertaster?' he asked. I had heard
             | the They Might Be Giants song but never considered the
             | possibility. I thought about it as the conversation
             | continued and it seemed to make sense to me. [At this point
             | I imagine a crane shot lifting up and up over the
             | conversation at the restaurant. Fade to:] I did some
             | research on the Internet and did the test (which formally
             | consists of putting blue food coloring on your tongue,
             | taking a piece of paper with a three-hole punch, placing it
             | over the tongue and counting the number of taste buds in
             | it) and indeed, I am a supertaster. This hasn't eliminated
             | the discussions about my eating habits, but it does shift
             | the blame._
             | 
             | http://www.aaronsw.com/weblog/eatandcode
        
         | z3ncyberpunk wrote:
         | So what? Why do you need to conform to a socially constructed
         | persona?
        
           | simplestats wrote:
           | well if you're just an everyday introvert, then you need some
           | promting, or else to summon the courage on your own to
           | overcome your aversion to social situations. (digression, but
           | the internet is a big help for this nowadays. you can watch
           | youtube videos that walks you through how to ride the bus or
           | whatever, for people too scared of embarrassing themslves to
           | try).
           | 
           | On the other hand if you have a social anxiety you probably
           | need some kind of stronger help to be able to function.
           | 
           | Either way the alternative of avoiding much of the world and
           | relying on oehters to get by probably isn't preferable.
        
           | nathanvanfleet wrote:
           | I think if you speak about it like man/boy it seems sort of
           | abstract. It's more that he wasn't so much of an adult. It
           | seems like he was lacking a lot of responsibility that one
           | would expect from an adult.
        
         | nzmsv wrote:
         | And it sounds like he was perfectly aware of this. This feeling
         | of being "not really a man" can be overwhelming, and I feel
         | like this is an incredibly toxic thing perpetuated by our
         | culture.
         | 
         | It's possible to spend an entire lifetime trying to prove the
         | opposite of this statement to the world, and most importantly
         | oneself, and fail at this impossible task. But the saddest part
         | is that because the majority of people think in these "man/boy"
         | terms it's easy to start thinking that all people do.
         | 
         | The next step is to consider oneself hopelessly broken and
         | unworthy of affection, and dismiss any real friendship as a
         | pity party. And yet: there was an outpouring of love and
         | sadness following aaronsw's suicide. So perhaps living up to
         | the stereotype of manliness is not the most important thing in
         | the world.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | mrtranscendence wrote:
           | > So perhaps living up to the stereotype of manliness is not
           | the most important thing in the world.
           | 
           | I think some things are being conflated here. There is the
           | stereotype of manliness, conforming to which requires you to
           | do or have interest in stereotypically manly things (sports,
           | cars, home improvement, working outside, being tough, being
           | reticent to show emotion). But there's also failure to
           | conform to _adult_ ness -- being able to call a cab, order
           | food, pay bills, manage finances, maintain steady employment.
           | 
           | It sounds that Swartz, though not stereotypically manly, was
           | also not stereotypically adult. The former's not a problem --
           | I'm not manly either, I say as I cuddle my pet rabbit -- but
           | failure to be an adult can cause issues (at least for those
           | without such indulgent friends and family as Swartz had).
        
             | nzmsv wrote:
             | True. This one hit close to home for me personally, but I
             | can say with confidence that therapy can make things a lot
             | better.
             | 
             | There's a tendency to either coddle a person with these
             | issues, or try to get them to change through tough love.
             | The reality is that neither of these things is helpful -
             | what is really needed is a good therapist.
             | 
             | P.S.: In case someone is reading this and nodding along:
             | you have likely spent years on the roller coaster of trying
             | to prove yourself through pathological self-sufficiency
             | interleaved with breakdowns and "failure to adult". It's OK
             | to seek help. Even pro athletes use coaches and personal
             | trainers if they are stuck in a rut. This is no different.
             | Oh, and you are far from alone in this.
        
       | throwaway98797 wrote:
       | in time he may have gained to wisdom to be free.
       | 
       | there was still so much more he could have done.
       | 
       | i never met him but he seemed like a gentle soul that poked the
       | wrong bear.
        
       | SavantIdiot wrote:
       | > The irrationalities of power fascinated him, but he found the
       | irrationalities of activism exasperating. Most activists, in his
       | experience, would launch big campaigns about big issues and do
       | things that they guessed would be beneficial, like running
       | television ads or sending out direct mail, but they never did the
       | work to figure out whether what they were doing was actually
       | changing policy.
       | 
       | This is the frustrating thing about any activism: it moves
       | slowly. For someone who cannot finish projects, or needs
       | immediate feedback, it appears to be constant failure. However,
       | activist movements are less like drag racers (the cars ;) and
       | more like xenon ion thrusters that NASA tested a few years back:
       | they spew out tiny ions that individually barely move the
       | satellite, but slowly, over time, the sheer number of the small
       | exhalations translate to colossal speeds. The activists seem to
       | be mired in failure, but they are slowly moving the needle.
       | 
       | I wonder if as he got older he would have learned discipline to
       | stick with longer-lead feedback loops. Or maybe not, perhaps his
       | brain wasn't wired that way.
        
         | santoshalper wrote:
         | Or maybe he was right and most activism is emotionally driven
         | rather than rational or data driven, and is ultimately
         | ineffective.
        
           | SavantIdiot wrote:
           | What has been your experience working with activists in
           | NGOs/nonprofits? I've worked with several over the past few
           | decades and emotions certainly are part of it, but trying to
           | change a government doesn't happen overnight. For example,
           | when Working with HIFIVE (Haiti Integrated Financing for
           | Value Chains and Enterprises) I found that having government
           | support was much more effective: things happened on a
           | schedule, same when I worked with Habitat for Humanity.
           | However, when I worked with a local homeless shelter in my
           | city, they were struggling due both outreach and a logistics
           | system that was sadly inefficient b/c none of them had
           | experience with this: the heart was there but not the
           | experience.
           | 
           | I'd be eager to hear what you ran into while working in a
           | nonprofit that turned you off due to being "too emotionally
           | driven." Please share!
        
           | stathibus wrote:
           | Swartz was a rare breed of what I think of as real activism.
           | Self-proclaimed activists these days have no skin in the game
           | and don't go further than signal boosting. To really make a
           | difference you have to get burned; most people don't have the
           | guts.
        
             | [deleted]
        
       | jelliclesfarm wrote:
       | When I read this, I think of one of my fav poems by Philip
       | Larkin, This Be The Verse. It begins like.. 'they fuck you up,
       | your mum and dad'... except it's not mum and dad anymore but the
       | entire 'village' that is raising you.
        
       | rcoveson wrote:
       | Alexandra Elbakyan is still alive and well, and Sci-Hub is going
       | strong. Swartz' prosecution and persecution were totally
       | pointless. Copyright is unenforceable.
        
         | jancsika wrote:
        
         | tiahura wrote:
         | Persecution? He broke the law and was likely to get a slap on
         | the wrist.
        
           | senko wrote:
           | > he was facing 13 felony charges and up to 50 years in
           | prison[0]
           | 
           | Pretty hard slap, that.
           | 
           | [0]https://www.rollingstone.com/politics/politics-news/why-
           | did-...
        
             | tptacek wrote:
             | He faced nothing resembling 50 years, even on paper, even
             | in the least charitable plausible analysis. You get to
             | these nosebleed sentences by assuming that there are no
             | sentencing guidelines, and no grouping of charges, and that
             | instead you're likely to serve the sum of the maximum
             | sentences spelled out in the statutes you violated. That
             | makes no sense even as a story: the CFAA statutes capture
             | behavior ranging from abusing a login you were given
             | legally to snoop on your coworkers performance evaluations
             | to coordinating a multinational multi-billion-dollar heist
             | by penetrating financial services firms.
             | 
             | What actually happens in sentencing is that you look up the
             | relevant sentencing guidelines in the (public, easily
             | downloaded) federal sentencing guidelines. The guidelines
             | are broken up by groups of statutes. They establish offense
             | levels, from 1 (jaywalking) to 43 (mass murder). You take
             | the offense level and look it up on a chart against your
             | offender history (Swartz had no criminal history) and get a
             | sentencing range.
             | 
             | Each guideline starts with a (usually low) base offense
             | level, and then a series of clauses that adjust that level
             | upwards or downwards based on the conduct charged. For
             | CFAA, modifiers include stuff like using sophisticated
             | means to evade detection, or making a bunch of money, or
             | putting critical systems in danger.
             | 
             | The actual sentencing is a phase of the trial, occurring
             | after conviction. The court has the probation office write
             | a PSR, which is a confidential memo suggesting a sentence
             | based on the guidelines. The prosecution argues for upwards
             | departures for the PSR; the defense does the opposite; the
             | judge ultimately decides.
             | 
             | Crucially: the sentencing guidelines generally don't work
             | by multiplying the number of counts against the suggested
             | offense level. Rather: like charges group, and you're
             | generally sentenced based on the highest offense level of
             | the group.
             | 
             | We don't really have to guess about what Swartz faced. We
             | don't just have this New Yorker article to go on; Swartz's
             | own attorney discussed the likely sentencing ranges. This
             | article suggests that prosecutors were looking for 6 months
             | on a guilty plea (they seemed hell-bent on coming up with
             | some custodial sentence for Swartz; there seems to be
             | something to the idea that they had a grudge against
             | Swartz). More importantly, though, we have some of their
             | rationale for the supposed 80 month sentence they said
             | they'd seek if Swartz went to trial: they intended to argue
             | that Swartz incurred 2 million dollars worth of losses.
             | That's a self-evidently stupid argument, because there's no
             | plausible way Swartz could have recouped even $1 from his
             | offense, let alone $2,000,000. The documents he hoped to
             | release had virtually no commercial value. Any damage (ie:
             | worker hours burned cleaning up for what he did) he caused
             | was incidental, and likely well below six figures. But the
             | guideline offense level modifier implies the opposite of
             | this fact pattern.
             | 
             | Swartz's attorney believed it was likely that had Swartz
             | gone to trial and lost on all counts, his ultimate sentence
             | would still could have come in below the level at which the
             | guidelines recommend straight probation; that is: he
             | believed Swartz could have gone to trial, lost, and still
             | did better than the plea deal offered by the prosecutors.
             | 
             | It's not really the fault of anyone on HN that these lurid
             | potential sentences get tossed around in discussions,
             | because federal prosecutors issue press releases that
             | discuss the maximum possible sentence in those terms. The
             | media abets that dishonesty by repeating the claim, or by
             | doing insufficient homework and using the same math.
             | 
             | You should be irritated when you read written sources that
             | talk about naive maximum sentences this way.
             | 
             | At any rate: there is no chance Swartz was unaware of any
             | of this. Not just because he had an excellent attorney who
             | no doubt explained all of this stuff very early on in the
             | process, but because Swartz was exactly the kind of nerd
             | who would have had the federal sentencing guidelines
             | bookmarked somewhere in his browser.
        
               | tiahura wrote:
               | Thank you 10,000x over. The reporting about this aspect
               | really couldn't have been any worse and drove too many
               | equally misinformed opinion pieces.
               | 
               | And agree completely with your assessment of prosecutors
               | and press releases - I told my US Attorney that I only
               | wanted to see him on TV after a conviction. Alas, I hate
               | defending prosecutors, but it seems completely unfair to
               | blame her for his death.
               | 
               | As you suggest, my guess was that the sentence was
               | largely going to be driven by the damages. My
               | understanding is that the "victims" had been sufficiently
               | browbeat into being reluctant witnesses and as you
               | suggest, it would have just been cleanup costs.
        
               | tptacek wrote:
               | This, to be fair, is the biggest problem with the CFAA.
               | It's sort of an inchoate statute (you generally use
               | computers as a means to conduct other offenses --- in
               | fact, some of the reason we have a CFAA in the first
               | place is that legislators felt that there weren't
               | statutes that addressed computer crimes that didn't have
               | immediate financial benefits, which themselves could be
               | charged as fraud). The major sentencing knob CFAA comes
               | with is 2B1.1(b), which is a table of offense level by
               | dollar loss incurred.
               | 
               | There are crimes where I think 2B1.1(b) probably makes
               | sense (like, if you're literally stealing, or
               | deliberately incurring monetary damage --- remember, your
               | intent in committing a crime is extremely important,
               | despite a common message board belief that it is somehow
               | unknowable and a non-factor in legal decisions). But in a
               | lot of cases, it's literally just the induction variable
               | in a loop, and it makes no sense to boost an offense by
               | 10 levels because you wrote "2000" in your for-loop
               | instead of "20".
               | 
               | It's 2B1.1(b) that takes you from offense level 8 (0-6
               | months, probation eligible) to level 24 (5 years) based
               | on 2 million dollar of incurred loss.
               | 
               | Again, though: the 2 million dollar figure is highly
               | implausible. Prosecutors could have argued for it (they
               | can argue anything they want), but it's hard to see them
               | getting it for a non-remunerative crime that involved
               | publishing academic journal articles.
               | 
               | Swartz's attorney was probably a bit rosey-eyed here,
               | though: figure any charged computer offense probably
               | incurs losses at least in the mid-5 figures (almost
               | mechanically, because real companies have insurance
               | obligations to conduct external forensic investigations
               | when incidents like this happen), and you get to a year
               | and change sentence pretty easily.
        
               | chaosharmonic wrote:
               | > Again, though: the 2 million dollar figure is highly
               | implausible. Prosecutors could have argued for it (they
               | can argue anything they want), but it's hard to see them
               | getting it for a non-remunerative crime that involved
               | publishing academic journal articles.
               | 
               | Actually this ran in parallel with the tail end of the
               | Jammie Thomas-Rasset lawsuit, in which the various damage
               | figures thrown around for sharing two albums' worth of
               | stale, degraded-quality top-40 songs _did_ include one in
               | the seven-figure range.
        
               | tptacek wrote:
               | The story of the Thomas-Rasset suit --- a civil suit, not
               | a 2B1.1(b) criminal sentence argument --- is basically
               | about how those 7 figure sums don't hold up in actual
               | court. And that suit was about material with clear
               | commercial value, not 1942 editions of botany journals. I
               | think this example supports my point, rather than
               | challenging it.
        
               | zajio1am wrote:
               | > What actually happens in sentencing is that you look up
               | the relevant sentencing guidelines in the (public, easily
               | downloaded) federal sentencing guidelines
               | 
               | Well, it is called 'guidelines' and your post uses words
               | like 'suggesting'. So if relevant people went crazy and
               | just decide to ignore these guidelines and choose, say,
               | 20 years, would such decision be legal?
        
               | tptacek wrote:
               | It would be unprecedented and appealable, but mostly it
               | just wouldn't happen. Judges aren't required to adhere to
               | the guidelines (anymore), but they overwhelmingly do ---
               | presumably, not least because the primary input to the
               | sentencing process is a PSR that is derived directly from
               | the guidelines.
               | 
               | Note here that to reach 20 years, you have to do more
               | than disagree with the guideline offense levels; you have
               | to somehow disagree with the grouping rules. 20 years
               | wasn't on the table to begin with (again: the prosecutors
               | threatened a much lower sentence), but it couldn't
               | seriously have been put on the table either.
        
               | TheRealDunkirk wrote:
               | Overcharging offenses, with the ranges of any possible
               | punishments, is done precisely to pressure people into
               | settling for an outcome the DA finds politically
               | expedient. There is a TERRIBLE amount of uncertainty in
               | EVERY STEP you've outlined, and we see examples EVERY DAY
               | of judges who throw the book at people, especially when
               | they are unknown loners who have offended powerful
               | corporations. PLEASE don't suggest that being accused in
               | this situation wouldn't place someone under ENORMOUS fear
               | and pressure about what could have happened, even if
               | "everyone" thinks those outcomes were unlikely.
        
               | tptacek wrote:
               | I think you stopped reading before the last paragraph of
               | my comment. Or, really, one of the first ones, because,
               | again: the prosecutors are on the record with the
               | sentence they were actually threatening Swartz with, and,
               | as I said, and Swartz's attorney said, and this New
               | Yorker article said: it was nothing resembling 50 years.
        
               | andi999 wrote:
               | So what actual number are we talking here? 20 years? 5
               | years? Or more like 6 month?
        
               | jcranmer wrote:
               | > the supposed 80 month sentence they said they'd seek if
               | Swartz went to trial
               | 
               | So 61/2 years at most, quoting tptacek's comment.
        
               | tptacek wrote:
               | It's in the article here. Also, in the comment I just
               | wrote.
        
               | TheRealDunkirk wrote:
               | Whether it's 50, 20, or 6, the real number is beside the
               | point. Potential "years" of prison will scare the crap
               | out almost anybody, and our government ALWAYS uses this
               | tactic to coerce people into whatever outcome looks good
               | for their careers.
        
               | tptacek wrote:
               | I think we can leave this at "I disagree that there's no
               | meaningful distinction between a threat of single-digit
               | years and double-digit years sentence".
        
               | CommieBobDole wrote:
               | There's a pretty good Popehat article on federal
               | sentencing guidelines from back before Ken White
               | discovered twitter and mostly stopped writing interesting
               | articles about law stuff.
               | 
               | https://www.popehat.com/2013/02/05/crime-whale-sushi-
               | sentenc...
        
             | ModernMech wrote:
             | The article says they offered a 6 month jail time plea
             | bargain though. It sounds like from his own writing that he
             | was cognizant of the fact he broke the law, but didn't
             | agree the law should have been a law in the first place. It
             | also sounds like he didn't really expect there would be any
             | consequences whatsoever.
             | 
             | Look at this from the prosecutors point of view. They have
             | hard evidence of a crime. They have evidence of
             | consciousness of guilt from the perpetrator. It's a slam
             | dunk at trial so why should it get to that point? It's a
             | waste of everyone's time and money. That's why the plea
             | deal was so generous compared to the downside of taking it
             | to court. You _want_ to entice them to take a slap on the
             | wrist plea deal so everyone can avoid the cost of
             | forestalling the eventuality of the jury's verdict.
             | 
             | It's true that prosecutors can be overzealous in their
             | prosecutions, but 6 months does not sound like the
             | disproportionate punishment many make it out to be.
        
               | mrtranscendence wrote:
               | > 6 months does not sound like the disproportionate
               | punishment many make it out to be
               | 
               | From the article, it seems that he was concerned about
               | how being a convicted felon would hurt his career
               | prospects. It would reduce his likelihood of being able
               | to save the world. Not that he _would_ have, anyway, but
               | I think that 's part of the thought process.
               | 
               | Speaking for me personally, six months in federal prison
               | would feel like an almost life-ending scenario. I'd lose
               | my job (obviously) and would have trouble finding another
               | in the field for which I'm educated and trained. My
               | fiancee would not have sufficient income to pay our
               | mortgage so we'd lose our house, and I'm not sure what
               | we'd be able to do for the many pets we love dearly. My
               | situation's much different from Swartz's but I can
               | empathize that a six month sentence could have such
               | dramatic consequences that it wouldn't feel like a slap
               | on the wrist.
        
               | MereInterest wrote:
               | A prosecutor choosing to seek a 6-month jail sentence is
               | acceptable. A prosecutor choosing to seek a 50-year jail
               | sentence is also acceptable. A prosecutor who is offering
               | a 6-month jail sentence in exchange for waiving basic
               | human rights, while threatening a 50-year jail sentence
               | if those rights are exercised, has crossed the line into
               | persecution.
               | 
               | It's an analogous situation to blackmail. Suppose Alice
               | has found evidence that Bob robbed a bank. Alice is
               | legally allowed to reveal that evidence to the police,
               | but is under no obligation to do so outside of a
               | subpoena. However, even though both choices are legally
               | permissible, Alice is not allowed to make her choice be
               | conditional on receiving payments from Bob, as that would
               | cross the line into blackmail.
               | 
               | Plea bargains are a form of extortion, and should not be
               | part of the legal system.
        
               | gruez wrote:
               | >Plea bargains are a form of extortion, and should not be
               | part of the legal system.
               | 
               | So you think that every case should be tried, even if
               | it's plainly obvious the perpetrator is guilty? After
               | all, even if the perpetrator has a 1% chance of winning,
               | there's no reason not to go to trial under that system.
        
               | shkkmo wrote:
               | > So you think that every case should be tried, even if
               | it's plainly obvious the perpetrator is guilty?
               | 
               | If the perpetrator is willing to plead guilty, there is
               | no need for a trial.
               | 
               | Threatening people with massively larger penalties if
               | they exercise their right to a trial rather than take a
               | plea deal (often time limited before the defense has a
               | chance to see the evidence) is coercive extortion and is
               | morally wrong. There is plenty of evidence of innocent
               | people (especially poor people) taking plea deals due to
               | these prosecutorial tacits of threat and decite.
        
               | theonemind wrote:
               | > If the perpetrator is willing to plead guilty, there is
               | no need for a trial.
               | 
               | I don't really think courts should take guilty pleas. I
               | believe in some times/places in the middle ages, courts
               | would not take guilty pleas in case the prisoner had
               | gotten coerced into pleading. Sometimes, we have people
               | with mental illness or other issues that will plead
               | guilty to crimes they didn't commit.
               | 
               | Along the same lines of "reasonable doubt" in the US
               | generally being enough to escape criminal conviction, I
               | think we should err on the side of safety and perhaps
               | even inefficiency in (not) letting the state exercise its
               | monopoly power of force, coercion, and imprisonment
               | against anyone for any reason, ever.
        
               | ModernMech wrote:
               | While you make very valid points about plea deals in
               | general, I don't think they apply in this specific case.
               | Swartz was very rich, and well represented. He also
               | actually did the thing in question, and demonstrated
               | consciousness of guilt.
               | 
               | It's okay for guilty people to be offered plea deals.
               | It's actually probably in their best interest sometimes.
        
               | shkkmo wrote:
               | > He also actually did the thing in question, and
               | demonstrated consciousness of guilt.
               | 
               | He did a thing, that doesn't mean that thing qualified as
               | a felony, or even a crime. It certainly did not merit 50
               | years in prison.
               | 
               | > It's okay for guilty people to be offered plea deals.
               | It's actually probably in their best interest sometimes.
               | 
               | It is simply not OK to threaten people with penalties
               | that are well more than an order of magnitude higher than
               | the plea deal.
               | 
               | This isn't the kind of plea deal that furthers justice by
               | obtaining a cooperative witness in a more serious case.
               | This sort of plea deal is offered to advance the
               | Prosecutor's career.
               | 
               | > Swartz was very rich, and well represented.
               | 
               | As the article explains, Swartz was out of money, well
               | into debt, and faced with begging people for money to
               | continue fighting the case.
        
               | ModernMech wrote:
               | I get the sense that you are channeling a general
               | distrust of the system into this specific case. I will
               | say I'm in agreement with your points in a general sense.
               | 
               | But as far as this case goes, I'm not sure. The alleged
               | crime is a very technical one. The facts are all recorded
               | and they paint a clear picture. The only question is how
               | they apply to the law and whether or not they raise to
               | the level of a crime.
               | 
               | That's the job of a jury. They will receive a document
               | with a list of charges, and the prosecution will lay out
               | a very clear roadmap as to how each element of their case
               | maps to the elements of the relevant statutes being
               | charged.
               | 
               | Since this is a very technical crime, most of the
               | evidence would be document-based and very convincing to a
               | jury. It's hard to create reasonable doubt in such
               | document-heavy cases. So the only question will be how
               | many charges can the prosecutor make the facts fit.
               | That's where these "50 years" claims come in, by stacking
               | charge after charge in serial.
               | 
               | But importantly, neither the prosecutor nor the jury
               | decide the sentence. That's the job of the judge under
               | the sentencing guidelines. This is what makes those "50
               | years" claim of the prosecutor bogus, and what any well-
               | represented individual should understand.
               | 
               | I think Swartz _did_ understand that because he opted to
               | go to trial.
               | 
               | I get that people want there to be a clear moral story
               | here. One perspective is that Swartz was a child prodigy,
               | a beloved activist, someone who challenged the system,
               | and then succumbed to pressure when it bore down on him
               | with the full weight of the federal government.
               | 
               | But it's not as clean as that. On the other hand he was a
               | well connected, high net worth individual who repeatedly
               | flaunted the system, and thought he would never face
               | consequences. In my opinion, that's the profile of
               | someone ripe for heavy handed prosecution.
               | 
               | I am sympathetic to both perspectives.
        
               | simplestats wrote:
               | What about giving a more lenient sentence if the person
               | is remorseful and admits what they did was wrong? Because
               | that's effectively the same thing as a plea deal. Even
               | innocent people would still sometimes admit guilt and
               | apologize, destroying their chances of winning at trial
               | either way, to get a shorter sentence.
        
               | MereInterest wrote:
               | Yes, that is correct. A guilty plea may be given, but any
               | incrementally added incentive for somebody to give a
               | guilty plea also incrementally removes the right to have
               | a trial.
        
               | mcguire wrote:
               | Note also that 6 months was the prosecutor's _first
               | offer._
        
               | skinnymuch wrote:
               | The statement is made by the prosecutor though. They
               | could be saying the truth. It is a very biased person's
               | word to go off though.
        
               | mcguire wrote:
               | " _The prosecutor, Stephen Heymann, told Swartz's lawyer,
               | Elliot Peters, that if Swartz pleaded guilty to all
               | counts he would spend six months in jail; if he lost at
               | trial, it would be much worse._ "
               | 
               | The prosecutor made the offer of a 6-month plea deal to
               | Swartz's lawyer. Who presumably discussed it with Swartz,
               | who seems to have decided not to accept it. Possibly, if
               | you accept the analysis above, on the advice of his
               | lawyer.
        
               | ModernMech wrote:
               | What statement? You mean they could have been lying about
               | the plea deal?
        
               | skinnymuch wrote:
               | If I recall the prosecutor's future political ambitions
               | got derailed because of this. That makes it even more
               | likely to not believe anything they are saying without
               | more to go on.
               | 
               | So yes. Not just the plea deal and not just this case. In
               | any situation, if the only evidence of something is the
               | word of the state prosecutor, that only means so much.
        
               | andreilys wrote:
               | There was also the fact that he would be branded a felon,
               | which as the article mentioned would have prevented him
               | from working in the White House or other institutions
               | from where he could continue his work
        
               | cowbellemoo wrote:
               | > It's a waste of everyone's time and money.
               | 
               | Isn't incarcerating a person who's not a danger to others
               | and who's crime had no harmful outcomes a waste of
               | everyone's time and money?
               | 
               | > 6 months does not sound like the disproportionate
               | punishment many make it out to be
               | 
               | I encourage you to learn about the conditions in prisons.
               | Imprisoned persons are frequently subject to physical and
               | sexual violence at the hands of guards and other
               | incarcerated people. These are inhumane conditions to
               | subject anyone to, mass murderer and copyright-infringer
               | alike.
        
               | rcoveson wrote:
               | Adding to this, there's the overwhelming despair of a
               | young idealist being forced to accept an unacceptable
               | situation. It's plain to the pragmatically disillusioned
               | that the right course of action is to plead guilty.
               | However, not all people, especially at that age, are
               | prudent self-interested agents. Aaron had the choice to
               | surrender to the system he was born into it or violently
               | exit it.
        
               | ModernMech wrote:
               | > Isn't incarcerating a person who's not a danger to
               | others and who's crime had no harmful outcomes a waste of
               | everyone's time and money?
               | 
               | Yes, but I think the solution is to make fewer things
               | criminal through the democratic process first.
               | Enforcement of laws is important.
               | 
               | It's one thing to put people in jail who don't belong
               | there. But according to this article it kinda seems like
               | Swartz _did_ deserve some jail time.
               | 
               | He knowingly broke the law and showed no remorse. Instead
               | his view was that the law should not apply to him because
               | he did not agree with it. That's a dangerous mindset to
               | have for an individual with money and power.
               | 
               | It's important to show remorse and contrition in these
               | circumstances, otherwise we can just assume the behavior
               | will continue. And Swartz had a history of this kind of
               | behavior starting with PACER, so really it should have
               | been expected that failing to prosecute in this instance
               | would have been taken by Swartz as a signal to behave
               | like this with impunity.
               | 
               | > I encourage you to learn about the conditions in
               | prisons.
               | 
               | I 100% agree with you, and know all about this topic, but
               | that's really a different conversation.
        
               | andreilys wrote:
               | _Enforcement of laws is important._
               | 
               | Agreed, unfortunately it seems that we selectively
               | enforce laws based on political pressure. Look at the
               | numerous high profile cases targeting white collar
               | criminals, for example with Purdue and the Sackler
               | family.
               | 
               | They got away with zero jail time and a slap on the wrist
               | (financially), all because they were able to hire the
               | right political actors who could influence the outcome of
               | legal procedures.
               | 
               | I'm sure if Swartz was similarly connected (for example a
               | family who was a Senator), this whole thing would have
               | gone away quietly.
               | 
               | Alas, the laws that apply to the commoners do not apply
               | to the elite.
        
               | ModernMech wrote:
               | > Look at the numerous high profile cases targeting white
               | collar criminals, for example with Purdue and the Sackler
               | family.
               | 
               | Don't give up hope yet!
               | 
               | https://www.google.com/amp/s/amp.theguardian.com/us-
               | news/202...
               | 
               | > I'm sure if Swartz was similarly connected (for example
               | a family who was a Senator), this whole thing would have
               | gone away quietly.
               | 
               | I think Swartz made himself an easy political target
               | without realizing it. From his perspective, he was just a
               | guy in a room trying to "save the world."
               | 
               | From the outside a different picture can be painted. He
               | positioned himself as an activist, and amassed a great
               | deal of resources and even an active following. He was
               | well connected in that he was on a first name basis with
               | billionaires, and probably even had the personal numbers
               | of a few in his phone.
               | 
               | So I think all this made Swartz a target without him
               | really intending to be one. Or at least he didn't think
               | that in the process of "saving the world", that the world
               | would fight back. That seems to be one of the central
               | points of TFA at least.
        
               | tiahura wrote:
               | There's a big difference between a maximum security
               | prison and a minimum security camp. We probably share
               | many opinions about the former, non-violent penny ante
               | white boy offenders go to the latter.
               | 
               | "Bob's Story: "I was in the minimum security camp at
               | Fairton for about nine months. It wasn't nearly as bad as
               | I expected prison to be. The place was clean, the food
               | wasn't bad, and I didn't feel any tension between the
               | guys. If I wanted to avoid someone, I could stay to
               | myself. "There were fewer than 100 guys serving sentences
               | in the federal prison camp and I didn't feel much in the
               | way of harassment from anyone, staff or inmates. With the
               | help of an orderly, I coordinated a prison job for myself
               | in the library. It was just a small room with lots of
               | books and I passed my days catching up on reading. I
               | hadn't read at all since I was in college because work
               | kept me too busy. During the time I was at the camp I
               | read about 30 great books and I lost 25 pounds. I'm back
               | down to the same weight I was when I was in school and I
               | feel better than ever. My wife loves the new look. She
               | says the prison sentence probably gave me an extra ten
               | years to live."
               | 
               | https://www.whitecollaradvice.com/whats-it-like-in-the-
               | priso...
               | 
               | Remember, maximum security is expensive.
        
               | shkkmo wrote:
               | They threatened him with much, much more than 6 months to
               | try to get him to plead guilty as a felon. They drained
               | his financial coffers and drove wedges between him and
               | his support network.
               | 
               | If it was a slam dunk at trial and 6 months was a fair
               | sentence, then why is there a need to threaten so much
               | more to avoid granting him his right to a trial?
               | 
               | Aaron's case is not unique in this regard and is
               | indicative of the casual brutality and inhumanity
               | inherent in the way that our justice system works. We
               | desperately need to threaten reform how plea bargaining
               | works and the amount of power we give prosecutors.
        
           | mkr-hn wrote:
           | Says who? He didn't get to have a trial to determine this
           | because the prosecutor backed him into a corner with threats
           | of excessive punishment.
        
             | tiahura wrote:
             | Says the judge when you admit to what you did and plead.
             | He's the same one that gave Lori Laughlin and Mossimo 6
             | months in minimum security "camp" and not the bazillion
             | years the prosecutor originally threatened.
        
               | skinnymuch wrote:
               | Are you talking about the famous wealthy upper class and
               | status people with your example?
               | 
               | Not sure if you genuinely believe justice is blind.
               | Something that has never been true.
        
               | tiahura wrote:
               | Blind to what? He was guilty.
               | 
               | White boys don't do hard time for hiding in the closet to
               | copy the library's computer.
               | 
               | The judge appears to be a conservative old navy man. I
               | haven't dealt with him, but I think I've been in front of
               | the type. Trial would go something like this: On the
               | morning of day 3, so before the second day of testimony,
               | the judge calls the attorneys into chambers and lays into
               | them, sometimes loud enough for half the courthouse to
               | hear, for wasting everyone's time on such a stupid case,
               | and that the prosecutor better have really good evidence
               | of hard damages otherwise he's going to be pissed. And
               | then you go out, talk to your clients, and settle.
        
               | skinnymuch wrote:
               | Blind to what? You just stated "white boys". So you agree
               | justice isn't blind. Then bringing up a rich, famous,
               | American icon celebrity and how they were handled does
               | not make sense.
               | 
               | Edit: as sibling post says. The rest of the comment is
               | equivalent to fan fiction.
        
               | mrtranscendence wrote:
               | > the judge calls the attorneys into chambers and lays
               | into them, sometimes loud enough for half the courthouse
               | to hear, for wasting everyone's time on such a stupid
               | case,
               | 
               | You're basically writing fan fiction here. There's no
               | evidence this would have been the case, and frankly I
               | rather doubt it. There's nothing to suggest the judge
               | would have reacted this way, nor that Swartz should have
               | _anticipated_ that he would.
        
               | skinnymuch wrote:
               | I wasn't sure how to respond to the last paragraph. You
               | worded it correctly
        
               | luckylion wrote:
               | > Are you talking about the famous wealthy upper class
               | and status people with your example?
               | 
               | As opposed to a wealthy, well-connected Harvard research
               | fellow and entrepreneur who stems from an upper class
               | family?
        
               | skinnymuch wrote:
               | Yes. Unless this family is absurdly rich like hundreds of
               | millions. If that's true I am wrong. Otherwise, the
               | wealthier American icon is still different enough where a
               | [direct] comparison does not work.
        
               | indymike wrote:
               | > Says the judge when you admit to what you did and
               | plead. He's the same one that gave Lori Laughlin and
               | Mossimo 6 months in minimum security "camp" and not the
               | bazillion years the prosecutor originally threatened.
               | 
               | The prosecutor was trying to railroad Aaron for political
               | gain and used every shenanigan in his bag of tricks to
               | leverage Aaron into confessing -er- agreeing to a plea
               | bargain. It was wrong, and very much revisionist to say
               | otherwise.
        
           | indymike wrote:
           | > He broke the law and was likely to get a slap on the wrist.
           | 
           | Sometimes, the law is unjust and it is greater injustice to
           | administer any punishment at all.
        
       | ppod wrote:
       | Some of his writing in this reminds me a lot of David Foster
       | Wallace (who is mentioned), in particular the way he is deeply
       | concerned with seeming humble but feeling egotistical: self-
       | consciously projecting humility but being aware of the humility
       | as a kind of affectation in a recursive and tortuous cycle of
       | self-awareness.
        
         | borski wrote:
         | I relate to this so much. The very odd "aggrandizing" that is
         | so often necessary for starting and running a company, coupled
         | with my massive impostor syndrome that is just never going to
         | go away at this point, is a very very hard cognitive dissonance
         | to manage. I've done it, and will do it again, but it makes me
         | squirm on the inside.
        
           | HumanReadable wrote:
           | Do you have any advice or wise words on how you manage this?
           | 
           | I find myself in a leadership position, but I feel immensely
           | uncomfortable when directing others. In my head there's
           | always a nagging voice that replies 'who are you to tell us
           | what to do?'
        
             | peakaboo wrote:
             | Good leaders don't "tell people what to do" exactly. It's
             | more of a "this is something we as a group must focus on
             | because of reason x".
             | 
             | I'm a new leader of sorts myself and all I do is looking at
             | a Roadmap to see what is important, figure out what my team
             | needs to do and ask people which parts they would like to
             | work on (although some people are better suited for certain
             | tasks, and that's your job to know that by knowing your
             | team).
             | 
             | I don't put myself on any kind of high horse. I'm still
             | hands on myself too, doing work just like everyone else.
             | 
             | If your ego starts to tell you that you are somehow better
             | than any people, you will not be a good leader.
        
             | mr90210 wrote:
             | Prior to reading your comment, I had not been aware of such
             | feeling.
             | 
             | I aspire to be in a leadership position in the future.
             | However, right now let me tell you why and how I would like
             | to be led or directed by somebody:
             | 
             | - You give me space to voice my opinions as if I am a
             | specialist in the subject; - You give me space to make
             | mistake and learn from them; - You are willing to admit
             | that you don't know a certain topic; - You carry about your
             | own self-development; - You are willing to support me on
             | areas where I lack knowledge or experience without judging;
             | - You often show that you care about the people in the
             | team, and whether we are doing what matters; - You deal
             | with me as the adult that I am, and you are open to have
             | difficult conversations with empathy about topics such as:
             | under-performance, misfit, interpersonal conflicts, or even
             | about letting me go (firing);
             | 
             | "who are you to tell us what to do"
             | 
             | Well, you are the human capable of trusting each member of
             | your team of doing the best they can, and capable of
             | sitting with them when things are not working.
        
             | justinpowers wrote:
             | Seems to me the best leader might be someone who forever
             | feels uncomfortable and uses that positively (eg asking for
             | advice, promoting/delegating to betters, expressing
             | gratitude, admitting mistakes, giving due credit) rather
             | than negatively. A leader without discomfort suggests an
             | unchecked ego...a recipe for eventual disaster no matter
             | how long the good times (if any) may last.
        
       | honkdaddy wrote:
       | Refreshingly well-researched and honest piece from the New
       | Yorker.
       | 
       | My favourite writing by Aaron is his explanation of what happens
       | in the "ending" of Infinite Jest. [1] I'm of the opinion DFW
       | deliberately left it somewhat open to interpretation, and that
       | his famous quote "If no such convergence or projection occurred
       | to you, then the book's failed for you" was a tad tongue in
       | cheek. That said, Aaron's explanation is certainly the most
       | plausible, and I'd kill to know what DFW would have thought of
       | it.
       | 
       | [1] http://www.aaronsw.com/weblog/ijend
        
         | Mikhail_K wrote:
         | > Refreshingly well-researched and honest piece from the New
         | Yorker.
         | 
         | My impression is quite the opposite. This piece by Larissa
         | MacFarquhart was a contemptible whitewash of government
         | bullies. "New Yorker" is squarely in the corner of intelligence
         | agencies and law enforcement and against the people, and not
         | just in this particular case.
        
           | mattzito wrote:
           | I'm curious how it's a whitewash of government bullies when
           | that's not the point of the article? It's pretty clear at the
           | start that it's about how his friends and family perceived
           | him, and his backstory - I was aware of the overall
           | narrative, but found it extremely interesting to hear stories
           | of his challenges with interacting with the world.
           | 
           | In general, I respect and appreciate content that takes
           | someone who has been lionized (especially posthumously) and
           | humanizes them. People are complicated, the narrative is
           | rarely as simple as it's distilled down for public
           | consumption.
           | 
           | As far as the "squarely in the corner of intelligence agences
           | and law enforcement" - that wasn't my impression, and while I
           | did not spend hours researching, I went through the "police"
           | tag on the new yorker website, and in the last year, 10 out
           | of 21 articles were overtly critical of police, and only ~2
           | could be considered positive towards police. The remainder
           | were either neutral, nuanced, or orthogonal (e.g. photo
           | essays about a woman who was embedded with the police for
           | several years). Do you have evidence to back up your
           | assertion?
        
           | boppo1 wrote:
           | Aww New Yorker is one of the few outlets I still like. Do you
           | have examples?
        
         | daniel-thompson wrote:
         | Wow, this is excellent. It's been a while since I read IJ but I
         | apparently missed a _bunch_ of the plot, judging by this
         | writeup.
        
         | pklausler wrote:
         | I so wish Aaron were still around so that I could argue his
         | _Infinite Jest_ conclusions with him.
         | 
         | (My reading of IJ is that wherever a parallel to _Hamlet_ can
         | be credibly drawn, it 's probably right, and that JOI was
         | murdered by CT & Avril.)
        
       | brainzap wrote:
       | I was reading through Aarons blog this week, like his writing
       | style. http://www.aaronsw.com/weblog/semmelweis
        
         | tiahura wrote:
         | The anecdote about the pariahing of the doctor advocating
         | chlorinated lime would be a clever retort from a qook to a lib
         | about ivermectin.
        
       | andreilys wrote:
       | I would love to understand some of the rationale behind MIT not
       | reversing it's stance. Is there any public/anon writing from
       | someone inside MIT at the time?
       | 
       | Was there some pressure being employed by scientific publishers
       | to make an example out of Swartz?
       | 
       | It just seems so strange, but then again as we've seen
       | institutions can be easily hijacked and corrupted when populated
       | with the wrong actors.
        
         | schoen wrote:
         | MIT commissioned an entire report about its role
         | 
         | https://swartz-report.mit.edu/
         | 
         | -- maybe that includes some of what you're looking for.
        
       | NoGravitas wrote:
       | > It is commonly assumed that the debate over what Swartz did,
       | and, more generally, the debate over whether information does or
       | does not want to be free, is between hacker culture and copyright
       | culture, young people and old people, but this is not true. On
       | the Hacker News site in the fall of 2012, many commenters
       | disagreed with what he'd done, and argued with his supporters on
       | the site that in a nation ruled by laws it was not O.K. for one
       | person to just go and break a law he felt was unjust.
       | 
       | Or, possibly, Hacker News doesn't represent hacker culture, but
       | finance-adjacent right-wing techbro culture, which knows
       | perfectly well which side of the copyright issue its bread is
       | buttered on.
        
         | NaturalPhallacy wrote:
         | >Hacker News doesn't represent hacker culture, but finance-
         | adjacent right-wing techbro culture,
         | 
         | I disagree. Every time I criticize the (auth) left I get buried
         | in downvotes. Big tech and a lot of HN seems to be vehemently
         | left wing.
         | 
         | Let's see if they do it to this comment too.
        
         | anonporridge wrote:
         | VC funded and controlled "hackers".
        
         | zamadatix wrote:
         | The articles take is the on point one IMO. The quotes are about
         | the action being wrong not the law being right, as were the
         | vast majority of the other negative comments in the post. The
         | post can be found here for reference
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=4529484 of particular note
         | is the number of hackers that feel the action was noble but
         | still wrong (even if being over prosecuted).
        
         | pm90 wrote:
         | > Or, possibly, Hacker News doesn't represent hacker culture,
         | but finance-adjacent right-wing techbro culture, which knows
         | perfectly well which side of the copyright issue its bread is
         | buttered on.
         | 
         | Spot on. I like HN for certain topics, but it's by no means
         | representative of the Hacker culture. Even the name seems like
         | duplicitous marketing at best.
         | 
         | As an example, the topic of immigration will bring out the
         | nastiest takes and opinions (and straight up racism).
        
           | stathibus wrote:
           | A long time ago now, the word "hacker" was captured by
           | regular programmers screwing around who wanted to sound cool.
           | I doubt anyone is confused about which definition HN is
           | concerned with.
        
             | fsckboy wrote:
             | are you saying HN is NOT populated by regular programmers
             | screwing around who want to sound cool?
        
           | ciphol wrote:
           | Why assume that "hacker culture", whatever exactly that is,
           | is immune to racism?
        
             | pm90 wrote:
             | Maybe it isn't. My understanding of Hacker ethos has been
             | that of a curiosity driven by truth seeking of any system
             | (not just technological). Racism seems like lazy
             | conventional thinking, so it seems prima facie to be
             | incoherent with that culture.
        
             | wintermutestwin wrote:
             | From the Hacker Manifesto:
             | 
             | "We exist without skin color, without nationality, without
             | religious bias... and you call us criminals."
             | 
             | "My crime is that of judging people by what they say and
             | think, not what they look like."
             | 
             | I wouldn't argue that "hacker culture" is necessarily a
             | monoculture or immune to racism, but I feel that this
             | disembodied ethic is core to the origins of the culture.
        
           | tonguez wrote:
           | Actually the opposite is true here; if you talk about certain
           | data which is considered "bad", like crime statistics, your
           | post will be shadowbanned because it's considered wrongthink
           | (or as you might put it, "straight up racism"), just like
           | Twitter.
        
             | mrtranscendence wrote:
             | > if you talk about certain data which is considered "bad",
             | like crime statistics, your post will be shadowbanned
             | 
             | Utter nonsense. Seriously. This is pure claptrap. I've seen
             | so many instances where posters here have brought up "crime
             | statistics" in the context of race or claimed that left-
             | leaning cities are unlivable crime-ridden hellholes, and
             | none where such posts were "shadowbanned".
        
             | rfrey wrote:
             | I challenge you to show me a case where mere presentation
             | of statistics led to a ban, shadow or otherwise.
             | 
             | More likely the "raising of a statistic" was accompanied by
             | a first-order explanation of the number that, besides being
             | trite and lazy, was also "blatantly racist". But it wasn't
             | the statistic that did the job.
        
           | hutzlibu wrote:
           | "As an example, the topic of immigration will bring out the
           | nastiest takes and opinions (and straight up racism)."
           | 
           | Well, I would argue, that hackers can also be nasty racists.
           | 
           | I mean sure, by my definition the hacker spirit is open
           | minded by definition. But people with a open mind, are also
           | open for some very weird to disgusting ideas.
        
             | pm90 wrote:
             | Interesting, is the point here that hackers are susceptible
             | to any idea that's not mainstream?
             | 
             | However racism doesn't fit that category does it? Racism is
             | a mainstream idea and not a novel one.
        
               | themacguffinman wrote:
               | Depends on where you live. It's not mainstream in the big
               | tech cities. It's not mainstream on the American
               | internet. "Racism" is also arguably not mainstream in
               | most American cities, though there are plenty of
               | accusations that certain areas are still indirectly or
               | implicitly racist because it's a very subjective term.
        
               | hutzlibu wrote:
               | Open minded to anything.
               | 
               | And then use critical analysis to hack the concept apart
               | and see, if it is solid or not.
               | 
               | I for example, see the common racism concept as not solid
               | for lots of reasons. But I am open to listen to arguments
               | from the other side in general.
               | 
               | (but not here and now)
        
       | sxcurry wrote:
       | The article might have been organized by Carmen Ortiz at the time
       | - she was planning to run for Governor on the back of this case.
        
         | polynomial wrote:
         | This is the first time I have heard that and my jaw is on the
         | floor.
        
         | KarlKemp wrote:
         | I have trouble even seeing the implied mechanism of how this
         | article would have any impact on an election. And after reading
         | the article, I wouldn't even be able to guess if people
         | consider it slanted for or against Swartz. To me it reads of an
         | exceptionally well-researched text showing that Swartz was a
         | human being with all the complexity that comes with having a
         | soul. And that a completely ridiculous prosecution was a
         | necessary, but probably not sufficient, condition for his
         | suicide.
        
       | photochemsyn wrote:
       | This article carefully avoids any analysis of the reasons why MIT
       | chose to persecute Aaron Swartz. Here's a quick take on the
       | actual situation, off the top of my head:
       | 
       | "The Darker Side of MIT and the Academic Publishing Industry"
       | 
       | While the Internet has been hailed from its inception as a tool
       | that would open up access to information for the whole world, the
       | reality has not matched that expectation. Much of the most
       | important and useful information generated by scientists,
       | engineers, historians and others remains hidden behind paywalls
       | and is not accessible to the vast majority of people, regardless
       | of whether they have access to the Internet or not.
       | 
       | The reason is that academic research - the vast majority of it
       | financed heavily by federal science agencies, i.e. the taxpayer -
       | remains under the control of a small group of academic publishing
       | houses, who earn exorbitant fees for licensing access to
       | universities and other institutions. For example, if you want to
       | manufacturer an antibiotic, you'd want access to the complete
       | research record - the initial discovery of the antibiotic, the
       | detailed production technology (found perhaps in the methods
       | sections of papers published in the 1970s and 1980s, say), more
       | modern biotech methods of production of said antibiotic (papers
       | from the 1990s and 2000s), etc.
       | 
       | Given the obvious benefit to all (except the parasites collecting
       | the fees) of providing that information to anyone with Internet
       | access, it's at first glance hard to understand why MIT - one of
       | America's leading federally-financed research institues - chose
       | to persecute Aaron Swartz for downloading the jstor archive,
       | instead of merely warning him not to do it again. Clearly the MIT
       | administration wanted to make an example of Swartz - the question
       | is, why?
       | 
       | The most rational explanation involves the corporatization of
       | academic research in the USA in general, which began in the 1980s
       | with passage of the Bayh-Dole Act, which allowed universities to
       | exclusively license inventions created with taxpayer dollars to
       | private entities, rather than the prior situation, in which
       | anyone could obtain such a license. This 'public-private'
       | partnership situation has corrupted American academics, placing
       | the profitability of research well ahead of the accuracy and
       | reliability of research.
       | 
       | As part of this sea change in American academia, the control of
       | information has become more important than the prior academic
       | norm, which was the open sharing of information (widely
       | understood to increase the pace of scientific discovery). Now,
       | many corporations have simply outsourced their R&D divisions to
       | the murky public-private academic sector, utilizing financing
       | provided by NIH or other federal agencies, while retaining
       | control of the results of academic research (*and paying off the
       | cooperating professors and administators by buying the academic
       | start-up operations and giving them stocks in their larger
       | corporations). This can be seen today in the highly profitable
       | COVID vaccine and treatment business, in which initial academic
       | research (such mRNA technology) was co-opted by the private
       | sector under said exclusive licensing agreements (and note how
       | open-sourcing the patents globally is continually blocked by
       | pharma sector lobbying efforts).
       | 
       | Hence, MIT - an institution which, along with the University of
       | California, spearheaded the transition to corporate-controlled
       | academic research, wanted to make an example of Aaron Swartz to
       | warn other researchers that if they tried to open-source
       | information - thereby harming corporate profit opportunities -
       | that they would be severely punished.
       | 
       | Well, at least there's scibhub, although their coverage is still
       | spotty.
        
         | GhettoComputers wrote:
         | Hasn't it always been corporate interests in academia? Stanford
         | was a joke when it was founded, MIT was being petitioned into
         | becoming a tech school. Patrons of sciences have always been
         | funded by private interests, there isn't any corruption.
         | 
         | > This 'public-private' partnership situation has corrupted
         | American academics, placing the profitability of research well
         | ahead of the accuracy and reliability of research.
         | 
         | Private profitability research is no different. I don't
         | understand what you mean by losing accuracy, for some research
         | corporate hardware or copyrighted work is required or the best
         | choice.
         | 
         | I thought they gave the ability for other pharma to make the
         | mRNA drugs that require incredible investment, to make it seem
         | open.
         | 
         | Most of the information we mentioned is out there now. But it's
         | much more fun watching tiktoks and liking posts.
        
           | photochemsyn wrote:
           | As I noted, it's really Bayh-Dole exclusive licensing that's
           | the problem. Make all exclusively licensed federally financed
           | patents held by academic institutions available to anyone who
           | wants to utilize them via a no-fee license, that's the fix.
           | 
           | Prior to that, if academics wanted to get involved in
           | industry and make some money thereby, the route to take was
           | called consulting, which seems fine with me, as long as
           | conflicts of interest are stated honestly.
        
             | GhettoComputers wrote:
             | I'm reading the law and I don't see that issue. All the
             | issues are from the requirements of the FDA, making it
             | patent free solves nothing, unless you're talking about
             | another industry, the cases are all from healthcare patents
             | from the wiki. This isn't new or something unusual, most of
             | the issues are in healthcare and the requirements to
             | produce them are not going to be fixed by removing patents.
             | 
             | Academic papers do submit sponsorships and conflicts of
             | interest, and there's also the case of academia wanting
             | cutting edge equipment from private companies and doing
             | deals with them. This is much more honest than the smoking
             | research, the federal government has an interest in
             | maintaining patent law, it has no incentive to give free
             | access to no fee licensing. There's lots of laws with
             | access to healthcare information, which requires industry
             | knowledge where the information is freely given to
             | corporations to do research on, which would not be allowed
             | federally. The researchers are not usually working because
             | they're interested in making their research public
             | information, and while post grads are funded by government,
             | they are free to develop royalty free information, they
             | choose not to and the government wants to partially fund
             | corporations. I don't see the problem, people want to make
             | money and they want to do cutting edge research.
             | 
             | I see academia and research papers as advertising rather
             | than a patent minefield. There are plenty of people who
             | want to work for the common good, but the government wants
             | to fund private entities to produce products, government
             | contracts is what the US does instead of its own
             | production.
             | 
             | I see computer science papers with non of these issues
             | under the current law.
        
           | fsckboy wrote:
           | > MIT was being petitioned into becoming a tech school
           | 
           | MIT was called Boston Tech when it was founded in 1861 to
           | bring to life William Barton Rogers's vision for a "new
           | polytechnic institute"
        
         | pdonis wrote:
         | _> it 's at first glance hard to understand why MIT - one of
         | America's leading federally-financed research institues - chose
         | to persecute Aaron Swartz for downloading the jstor archive_
         | 
         | It didn't. Read the Abelson report (which has been discussed ad
         | nauseam in past HN threads). MIT did not want Swartz
         | prosecuted, and told the prosecutor that. The prosecutor chose
         | to go after Swartz anyway. MIT's error was that they didn't
         | push back harder on the prosecutor (for example, by making a
         | clearer public statement along the lines of the one JSTOR made,
         | that since the stolen data was returned, no further action was
         | necessary or desired).
         | 
         |  _> Clearly the MIT administration wanted to make an example of
         | Swartz_
         | 
         | No, it didn't. It just made an error of judgment (described
         | above). It had nothing against Swartz and was not trying to
         | make an example of him. The Federal prosecutor was the one
         | trying to do that.
        
           | nzmsv wrote:
           | And if you look at that particular prosecutor's record, there
           | is a clear pattern of "overkill".
        
         | prirun wrote:
         | If you ever see this phrase: 'public-private' partnership, you
         | can be assured that the losses/costs will be public while the
         | gains/profit will be private.
        
           | decebalus1 wrote:
           | public-private partnership is one of the pillars of
           | neoliberal win-win politics. At least this is how it's being
           | sold. However, it's one of the biggest clues that regardless
           | of who you vote for in America (left or right), the
           | shareholders will always be taken care of..
        
       | cryptica wrote:
       | It's sad how the system punishes smart altruists. If you're
       | smart, you'd better be evil or the system will destroy you.
        
         | xibalba wrote:
         | I don't agree that "the system" punished a smart altruist.
         | 
         | As this article makes clear, Swartz did something he knew to be
         | illegal. This was not his first brush with mass copyright
         | violation. He was then prosecuted for his crimes. IMO, the
         | charges were vastly disproportionate, but you expose yourself
         | to prosecutorial overreach when you (knowingly) commit crimes.
         | 
         | This appears to have been a trend with Swartz. He seems to have
         | had something of a God complex. And thus, for him, the ends
         | justified the means, because he was _right_ and they were
         | _wrong_.
         | 
         | He does not even appear to have been especially ethical or
         | rational. For example, Reddit sells to Conde Nast. A condition
         | of the sale was that he would work out of Conde Nast's SF
         | offices. He took the money, but then rejected the terms post
         | hoc and disappeared. When he was tracked down and it was clear
         | that he'd simply flown the coup, he was justifiably fired. All
         | of which he, and his enablers, viewed as a great injustice!
         | They don't seem to entertain giving back the money though...
         | 
         | He was a human, with all the attendant frailties and
         | blindspots. He was not murdered. He was a person who struggled
         | with mental illness, like so many of us. He committed suicide.
         | 
         | His suicide is tragic. He was clearly a bright and dynamic
         | person. But he also seems to have been pretty misguided, and
         | his darker tendencies appear to have been rationalized,
         | justified, and enabled by his family. That to me, is the
         | greater tragedy. It didn't have to be like this.
        
           | exreddit wrote:
        
           | cryptica wrote:
           | I think it's a big deal that the charges were
           | disproportionate in this case. Maybe what he did was illegal
           | on paper, but it was not unethical.
           | 
           | Disturbingly, there seems to be increasingly many things in
           | our modern society which are ethical yet illegal. You'd think
           | that in those cases, authorities should be more lenient; that
           | they would have a sense of what is right and wrong from the
           | perspective of the average citizen. The fact that they seem
           | to be particularly more aggressive in those cases is what I
           | find disturbing and why I'm saying that altruism is being
           | punished.
           | 
           | In many countries, the concept of right and wrong is
           | increasingly being decided from the perspective of a tiny
           | minority. We appear to be reverting to a society of lords and
           | serfs. The government's moral compass is increasingly based
           | on the elites' perspective.
        
             | xibalba wrote:
             | I don't agree that what he did was ethical. For me, and I
             | think many people, it is clear that what he lied and stole.
             | The works that he stole fall under clearly defined and well
             | established copyright laws and which have licenses to which
             | Swartz would have had to agree. He knew all of this and
             | stole them anyway. He knew exactly what he was doing. This
             | is why he hid his laptop and concealed his face when
             | retrieving that laptop.
             | 
             | In terms of how this IP is copyrighted and distributed,
             | that should be corrected at the funding level. The U.S.
             | government (and other funding sources) should forbid
             | publication and distribution via publications that do not
             | make the information freely available for any science which
             | they fund. _But_... we live in society of laws. You don 't
             | get to just decide which you like and thus will follow.
             | 
             | > right and wrong is increasingly being decided from the
             | perspective of a tiny minority
             | 
             | I'm not sure I agree with you. I suspect your point might
             | be motivated by a worldview (i.e. an ideology), as a
             | opposed to be borne by evidence.
             | 
             | But I could definitely be wrong. To that end, point me to a
             | law that is 1) written from the perspective of a tiny
             | minority of elites and 2) forbids something that most
             | people would consider ethical. By this I mean, not your
             | outsider opinion on the law, but rather, real evidence that
             | it is written to serve the elites and that the forbidden
             | activities are considered perfectly ethical by the majority
             | of people.
        
               | yesenadam wrote:
               | > we live in society of laws. You don't get to just
               | decide which you like and thus will follow.
               | 
               | Tell that to Gandhi, Rosa Parks, Thoreau, and the many
               | benefactors of mankind who have seen a law was wrong, and
               | refused to obey it. And all those that admire their
               | courage and efforts.
        
         | simplestats wrote:
         | The _legal system_ destroys people. It 's what they do. The
         | noticeable difference here is how much other people care and
         | how much the person had to lose. How well would you bounce back
         | from a felony conviction and jail time? There was some random
         | teenaged idiot where I grew up that did some stupid miscief to
         | the wrong category of property, and ended up committing suicide
         | too.
        
         | drzaiusapelord wrote:
         | This is such an insightful observation. I think to the critical
         | thinker its clear capitalism doesn't allow dissent past a
         | certain point. Sure, you can be an altruist in small way that
         | don't threaten the status quo like giving to charity or
         | volunteering, but when you go against the under-pinnings of our
         | system, namely intellectual property laws, then you're going to
         | be defeated. We also saw this with Lawrence Lessig who is now
         | an entirely unknown person but before was a Kardashian-level
         | celeb on the internet due to his criticisms of copyright and
         | patents.
         | 
         | So there's no place for a smart and motivated altruist in
         | capitalism, because capitalism's oppression is what this person
         | will fight and capitalism is usually the better fighter.
         | 
         | Smart altruists do become evil to be successful because of
         | this, think of how many left-leaning idealistic early silicon
         | valley types and their ethos was entirely shed to become,
         | functionally, the same as any MBA or Chicago school economist
         | and now, not capitalism's critic, but its driver and the
         | wielder of the hammer that crushes people like Swartz or
         | Lessig. Let's remember Steve Jobs, who is beloved and seen
         | bizarrely as a "hippie" threatened Blackberry with his
         | questionable patent portfolio over email because of "poaching."
         | Poaching in this context being people leave jobs for better
         | ones, but Steve felt a feudal-like ownership of his workers and
         | used the corrupt mechanisms of capitalism to control them and
         | suppress wages.
         | 
         | I'm sure there are other examples, but 'hippie turned ruthless
         | capitalist' is pretty much the story of the boomer generation,
         | who quickly figured out that they can get defeated by the
         | system on some level, or they themselves become the oppressors.
         | They chose to become the oppressors. The same is true of
         | millennial idealism when its thrown out the window when you
         | have an IPO looming, Facebook being the most obvious millennial
         | led company that is about as evil as you can be for a webpage
         | and app.
         | 
         | The problem with right-leaning entrepreneurship spaces like HN
         | is that there's no class consciousness and no real capitalism
         | critiques. So Swatz was killed by the "government" not the
         | capitalism that government serves. Or like this article says he
         | was a depressed immature weirdo, so this was unavoidable.
         | Neither of that is true. He became a valid threat to capitalism
         | and the hammer fell on him. If not via this prosecutor (who
         | enforces laws written by the oligarchy) then by something else
         | (see Jobs using civil suits as a defacto government himself).
         | He could have been sued for damages for all the PDFs he
         | "stole," for example, if the wealthy couldn't wield the DOJ to
         | their liking.
         | 
         | I can't think of any high profile idealists, IP critics, or
         | capitalist critics in online spaces today. The system took down
         | Lessig, Swatz, Doctorow, etc pretty easily. Swatz, of course is
         | dead, but the others are now marginalized characters no one
         | cares about and copyright and patent reform an entirely dead
         | political horse. Instead the pendulum has shifted to an
         | outright worship of billionaires, to the point of putting one
         | in the presidency and filling the cabinet with them, on top of
         | questionable Elon and Bezos worship, which seemingly gets
         | stronger by the day.
         | 
         | No one seems to talk about this, but the late 90s and early
         | 2000's financial and IP idealism was entirely crushed by the
         | system. Today's smart altruists saw this and I imagine they are
         | going to pick the Steve Jobs path, not the Swartz path going
         | forward. They don't want to get destroyed either.
         | 
         | Source: someone who is older and witnessed all this in real
         | time and is heartbroken over how everything turned out
        
         | GhettoComputers wrote:
         | Where did you get that idea from the article?
         | 
         | Altruism isn't a fantasy like Robin Hood, there's a way to do
         | it correctly; it's why Aaron was interested in policy. Dumb
         | altruists are in a worst position, and giving out free
         | information from the internet doesn't affect libgen. Aaron was
         | a dumb altruist in the way he didn't just listen about how to
         | download JSTOR articles.
        
       | gowld wrote:
       | The article appears to be a rambling list of eulogies and
       | tidbits.
       | 
       | What's the alleged "darker side" that isn't just being (in part)
       | a regular person?
        
         | xibalba wrote:
         | It may be in response to the general beatification and
         | mythologizing of Swartz after his suicide.
        
       | coretx wrote:
       | paywalled.
        
         | password4321 wrote:
         | ? not for me, but here you go: https://archive.is/tnHWq
        
       | joshthecynic wrote:
        
       | loeg wrote:
       | (2013)
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | 62f26d4 wrote:
       | Everything ever written about Aaron and everything Aaron ever
       | wrote are part of one continuous humming noise that no one can
       | hear. The difficulties Aaron lived need to be judged or diagnosed
       | or both. There is neither redemption nor responsibility, but
       | guilt and symptoms of a larger social or spiritual sickness.
       | 
       | I've spent a large portion of my life blaming everyone including
       | Aaron for everything and looking for heroes who would be able to
       | make good on any of what seemed reasonable in his promises. In
       | considering the worth of all these hours of reflections, I can't
       | say I have changed my opinions but I have changed.
       | 
       | What has been written about Aaron's life and accomplishments, let
       | it suffice. The meta text is all now. Not "who was he?", but
       | "what do we think of him?". This is what he wanted, and possibly
       | because it concerns him, he was basically wrong, and this
       | conversation is mostly unhelpful. I propose to ask "what do we
       | think of what we think of him?".
       | 
       | Those who could never see the value in information and knowledge
       | have their knives out for a largely harmless and innocent man,
       | while those who think hacking JSTOR would have unleashed a new
       | age of enlightenment have yet to become cynical and stupid. His
       | friends and family have largely avoided these debates and tried
       | to elevate his achievements and explain his incongruities with
       | compassion and grace, without taking sides, either out of fear of
       | further government overreach or out of a sense that no one can
       | speak to Aaron's entire belief set, and whether it was or would
       | have been coherent and effective.
       | 
       | As much as he held strong opinions on the subjects, he was trying
       | to open a conversation about data, privacy, freedom of
       | information etc., and he encountered a lot of people who realized
       | that that conversation has extremely negative implications for
       | data-driven business models, whether those were content
       | publication models or user data ad-tech models. The corporate-
       | academe was never willing to discuss any of it openly or honestly
       | and was never going to leap to his defense as he might have
       | thought at the time, as a socially-underdeveloped young man.
       | 
       | He probably got it too late that corporate academics are not
       | conservative so much as cowardly, not so much concerned as
       | paranoid, not unaware but purposefully ignorant. And he certainly
       | understood, too late, that the government is these things to an
       | entirely incomprehensible degree. Whatever the personal
       | motivations or ideologies of whichever prosecutor threw the book
       | at Aaron, "the government" wanted him punished.
       | 
       | Ultimately information is the scariest possible thing for any
       | government, and Aaron had spent too much of his life knocking on
       | the doors of the most closed-rank, insular and self-protecting
       | people on earth, demanding a better public understanding of and
       | regulation of data. He did this at a time when NSA et al. were
       | harvesting unprecedented volumes of personal data and while
       | trillions of private-side investment dollars were being spent on
       | doing the same with no accountability.
       | 
       | The hero-thief debate, and the autist-scumbag debate are for kids
       | and morons like the New Yorker. Viz the fact he struggled
       | socially---and to such an extent!--- is a "dark-side", warping
       | his personality traits, his social and personal disorders, and
       | his policy recommendations into a nice big meaningless pile.
       | 
       | As another commenter here noted, like anyone with a soul he was a
       | complex person.
        
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