[HN Gopher] Using the wrong dictionary (2014)
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Using the wrong dictionary (2014)
        
       Author : cosmojg
       Score  : 214 points
       Date   : 2021-12-30 06:33 UTC (16 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (jsomers.net)
 (TXT) w3m dump (jsomers.net)
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | metabagel wrote:
       | If you're an American, you should be using the excellent American
       | Heritage Dictionary.
        
       | parentheses wrote:
       | the devil's dictionary is a solid turn the other way, sparse
       | though it may be
        
       | evancoop wrote:
       | This would suggest that we are not simply using the wrong
       | dictionaries, but in fact, learning to deploy language inaptly
       | from grade school onward. Students are examined on definitional
       | understanding rather than the "hues" to which the author alludes.
       | Command of language would necessarily include details of how one
       | word is subtly different from another.
       | 
       | How should our system of teaching language be altered?
        
         | Vrondi wrote:
         | TL:DR: by expecting/allowing less, we offer less, and get less
         | from our students.
         | 
         | The first place to stop would be to stop lowering our
         | expectations of all children. The more the drive standards down
         | to the lowest common denominator in order to pass the greatest
         | number of students each year, the more the lower the bar that
         | the brightest are given an opportunity to achieve. It also
         | lowers the level of language students of all abilities are
         | exposed to, and reduces what they can achieve. I strongly
         | believe in remedial teaching as needed for diverse subjects,
         | but the USA educational systems often target offerings to the
         | lower end of the masses, and do a disservice to the
         | academically gifted and academically challenged in the process.
         | Read the writing of Mark Twain, Frances Hodgson Burnett, and
         | other authors of what were considered children's (elementary
         | school age) books 100-150 years ago. Notice the rich and
         | colorful language in them. Notice that everyone thought that
         | 8-9 year old children should be reading them. Then notice that
         | while we have some exceptions in modern publishing, the general
         | language standard has been simplified greatly on average in
         | children's books. If you aren't exposed to colorful and complex
         | writing, you'll never get better at understanding it.
         | 
         | In the past, many schools also employed more time with the
         | teacher reading novels years above their grade level to
         | children, then verbally discussing it in chunks. This prepares
         | them for later reading them on their own and writing about what
         | they've read, as verbal language comes more easily to most. If
         | you read a chapter a day of the first Harry Potter book to a 5
         | year-old who really can't read it on their own yet, then talk
         | about what happened in each chapter as you go, and ask
         | them/allow them to describe why characters did certain things,
         | you help increase their own language ability in both
         | comprehension and expression.
         | 
         | Some public schools now frown on this, as they dogmatically
         | stick to the official list of reading levels. Some teachers are
         | simply too overwhelmed by the sheer number of students they
         | must deal with, the other social needs of students they must
         | deal with, and the rest of the modern mess.
        
         | throwaway98797 wrote:
         | The system of school is to create a passable drone to do as
         | they are told.
         | 
         | To find color in the world you have find it yourself it can't
         | be taught.
        
       | Apreche wrote:
       | I loaded up the suggested Webster's 1913 dictionary on my ereader
       | to test it out. I picked two random words on the current page of
       | the book I'm reading. Neither "condolences" or "constraint" were
       | in that dictionary. Quality of definitions doesn't help if you
       | don't have the quantity because the dictionary is over 100 years
       | old.
       | 
       | I also agree with other commenters regarding the OED.
        
         | mkwarman wrote:
         | I just checked the copy of Websters Revised Unabridged
         | Dictionary (1913) I loaded into a free app from the URL
         | included in the article. "Condole", "condoled", "condolement",
         | "condolence", "condoler", "condoling", "constrain",
         | "constrainable", "constrained", "constrainedly", "constrainer",
         | "constraining", "constraint", and "constraintive" are all
         | present when searching for the root of both of those words. You
         | can also search here:
         | 
         | https://www.websters1913.com/words/Condolence
         | 
         | https://www.websters1913.com/words/Constraint
        
       | BlueTemplar wrote:
       | Linguee is also great because it gives many examples of words in
       | the context where they are used. (Context which isn't necessarily
       | high quality though.)
       | 
       | And of course if you want to go deeper into a word, Wikipedia
       | usually has its etymology... though I guess that for English that
       | old Webster might be better ?
        
         | Asraelite wrote:
         | I've found Wiktionary to be far more objective than other
         | dictionaries about its etymology. If there are multiple
         | competing theories, it will say as much, instead of simply
         | presenting one chosen possibility without qualifying it.
        
       | asxd wrote:
       | > Notice, too, how much less certain the Webster definition seems
       | about itself, even though it's more complete -- as if to remind
       | you that the word came first, that the word isn't defined by its
       | definition here
       | 
       | I like this. A dictionary with an opinion, rather than a
       | definition.
        
       | terinjokes wrote:
       | The dictionary I use goes with:
       | 
       | * arctic: Designating the celestial north pole, and the Pole Star
       | that marks its position in the sky.
       | 
       | * sport: Diversion, entertainment, fun.
       | 
       | * magic: The use of ritual activities or observances which are
       | intended to influence the course of events or to manipulate the
       | natural world, usually involving the use of an occult or secret
       | body of knowledge;
       | 
       | * example: A person's conduct, practice, etc., regarded as an
       | object of imitation or as an influence on the behaviour of others
       | 
       | While not as expressive as Webster's, I was surprised by their
       | color compared to the facsimiles given of other modern
       | dictionaries.
        
         | kangalioo wrote:
         | Those definitions are pretty but incomplete, right? It totally
         | excludes the physical meaning of sport, and it forgets that an
         | "example" doesn't need to come from a person
        
           | terinjokes wrote:
           | For all of these, this is just the first definition. They all
           | had several more, that got more specific.
        
         | gjm11 wrote:
         | It seems a pity for a definition of "arctic" not to mention the
         | connection with bears. (Greek _arktos_ means  "bear". The
         | Arctic is the north because the constellation called the Great
         | Bear, or Ursa Major, is in the north, and one of its stars is
         | pretty much right over the north pole.)
         | 
         | Just to give some idea of what a more comprehensive dictionary
         | might offer, here's the definition of "sport" from the Chambers
         | Dictionary (1991; I really must buy a newer edition...), one of
         | the most thorough single-volume UK-English dictionaries, for
         | "sport":
         | 
         | sport, v.i. to play (arch.): to frolic (also v.t. with _it_ ;
         | arch.): to make merry: to practise field diversions: to trifle:
         | to deviate from the normal. -- v.t. to amuse (obs.): to wear,
         | use, exhibit, set up, publicly or ostentatiously: to wager: to
         | squander (rare): to force open (obs). -- n. recreation:
         | pastime: dalliance, amorous behaviour: play: a game, esp. one
         | involving bodily exercise: mirth: jest: contemptuous mirth: a
         | plaything (esp. fig.): a laughing-stock: field diversion:
         | success or gratification in shooting, fishing, or the like: a
         | sportsman: a person of sportsmanlike character, a good fellow:
         | an animal or plant that varies singularly and spontaneously
         | from the normal type: (in pl.) a meeting for races and the
         | like.
         | 
         | Here's the Shorter Oxford (two volumes, a bit less concerned
         | than _Chambers_ with cramming in as many words and senses as
         | possible, hence less terse; more concerned with showing the
         | historical development of the language, hence things like M18
         | meaning  "first found in the middle 18th century"):
         | 
         | 1 a Diversion, entertainment, fun; an activity providing this,
         | a pastime. LME. b Lovemaking, esp. sexual intercourse, viewed
         | as a game. M16-L18. c A theatrical performance; a show, a play.
         | Only in L16. 2 a A matter providing amusement or entertainment;
         | a joke. arch. LME. b Jesting, joking; merriment. arch. L16. 3 a
         | An activity involving physical exertion and skill, esp. one in
         | which an individual competes against another or others to
         | achieve the best performance. Later also, participation in such
         | activities; such activities collectively. E16. b In pl. A
         | meeting consisting of various athletic and occas. other
         | sporting contests. See also _sports day_ below. L16. c The
         | recreation of hunting, shooting, or fishing. M17. 4 a A thing
         | tossed about by natural forces as if a plaything. M17. b An
         | object of amusement, diversion, jesting, etc.; a laughing-
         | stock, a plaything. L17. 5 BIOLOGY. A plant (or part of a
         | plant), animal, etc., which exhibits some abnormal or striking
         | variation from the parent stock or type, esp. in form or
         | colour; a spontaneous mutation; a new variety produced in this
         | way. (Earliest in _sport of nature_ below.) Cf SPORT verb 7b.
         | M17. 6 a A gambler, a gamester. US. b A person who follows or
         | participates in (a) sport; a sportsman or sportswoman. L19. c A
         | toung man; a fellow. US. L19. d. A fair-minded, geneous person;
         | a lively, sociable person. See also _good sport_ below. colloq.
         | L19. e Used as a familiar form of address, esp. between males.
         | Chielfly Austral.  & NZ. E20. 7 The sports section of a
         | newspaper. Freq. in pl. (treated as sing.) colloq. E20. 8 In
         | pl. (treated as sing.) A sports car; a sports model of a car.
         | colloq. M20.
         | 
         | Followed by several citations illustrating the various
         | meanings, and then a lengthy set of phrases such as "in sport",
         | "the sport of kings", "sports bar". Those are all just for the
         | _noun_ ; there is then a section of similar length for the use
         | of "sport" as a verb.
         | 
         | The full OED's entry is much longer still, mostly because it
         | provides many citations for each meaning, from the oldest its
         | editors have been able to find up to (where possible) something
         | like the present day. E.g., the OED's version of the
         | hunting/shooting/fishing meaning (3c in the SOED) is "Success,
         | pleasure, or recreation derived from or afforded by an
         | activity, originally and esp. hunting, shooting, or fishing.
         | Frequently with adjectives expressing the level of success."
         | and it has 17 citations ranging from approx 1450 to 1998.
         | 
         | [EDITED to fix a minor error.]
        
           | terinjokes wrote:
           | Sorry if I wasn't clear in my original post. This was just
           | looking at the first definition of the words, much like the
           | examples given in the article. As you noted, the full OED
           | definition is much longer, and the bear connection is
           | mentioned in the etymology section.
        
       | allochthon wrote:
       | I like much of what the author is getting at. Not all
       | dictionaries are not equivalent, and you can really see the
       | difference when you start paying attention. But his prose is
       | overwrought and distracting.
       | 
       | The best acting doesn't draw attention to itself as acting; you
       | just see the character. The best music, in my view, doesn't draw
       | attention to itself as music; you're just immersed in it. The
       | best English prose doesn't draw attention to itself as writing;
       | you're just immersed in a description of something, or a story
       | about something, or an account of something. It's understated to
       | the point of being easy to underestimate.
        
       | Youden wrote:
       | The dictionaries the author starts with seem to be the concise
       | dictionaries which are intended to be that way. I don't blame him
       | since the full dictionaries (e.g. OED) are hidden behind paywalls
       | but the full dictionaries are really, really good. The entry for
       | "flash" in the OED for example contains literary examples of the
       | kind the author seems to want, like "red the gaze that flashes
       | desolation". The OED also includes several senses of the word and
       | its etymology.
       | 
       | The OED costs $100/year for US residents or PS100/year for
       | everyone else [0] but you can often get access through a library.
       | The San Francisco Public Library has a proxy you can use if you
       | have a library card there [1].
       | 
       | [0]: https://global.oup.com/academic/product/oxford-english-
       | dicti...
       | 
       | [1]: http://www.oed.com.ezproxy.sfpl.org
        
         | shever73 wrote:
         | I'm happy to see this comment here. The OED is a wonderful
         | resource and, as mentioned, can often be accessed via a library
         | membership. I just need to enter my Dublin library card number
         | and I get full, free access.
         | 
         | Another great writing resource is etymonline.com, which gives a
         | bare definition along with a full etymology drawn from
         | different sources.
        
         | kragen wrote:
         | Also I scanned the OED and put it on the Internet Archive so
         | everyone can access it for free and build on it. The whole
         | thing is in the public domain now, at least in the US, though
         | of course not the second and third editions.
        
           | janandonly wrote:
           | That must have been a gargantuan task..
        
         | stavros wrote:
         | This is a bit off topic, but why do I need a subscription to
         | access a dictionary? How often should I be expecting the
         | language to change? Not to mention that the UX got much worse
         | since the 90s, when I had a program on my desktop to instantly
         | look up words.
        
           | Veen wrote:
           | The OED is a historical dictionary that records over 1000
           | years of the language's development. It aims to be a complete
           | dictionary of the English language from its origins to today.
           | It frequently adds new entries and new examples of older
           | words. I don't know that PS100 per year is a reasonable
           | price, but it's not an inexpensive endeavour to run; it
           | employs many lexicographers.
           | 
           | Most people don't need the full OED and should probably just
           | buy one of the smaller Oxford dictionaries. The Concise
           | Oxford English Dictionary is an excellent single-volume
           | dictionary of modern English based on the Oxford Dictionary
           | of English (which is not the same as the Oxford English
           | Dictionary. The OED is a historical dictionary, while the ODE
           | is a dictionary of contemporary English).
        
             | stavros wrote:
             | Ah I see, I didn't know the two were distinct, thank you.
        
           | pm215 wrote:
           | Language changes slowly but constantly: words evolve new
           | sentences, new phrases are coined, others become less
           | current. The OED is so big that the only practical way to
           | revise it is continuously, a few entries at a time. Every
           | quarter there are hundreds of changes:
           | https://public.oed.com/updates/ . As with software, it turns
           | out that financing a product that needs continuous updates is
           | more effectively done with a subscription than by selling
           | products as one-off transactions. (FWIW the print version of
           | the 2nd edition OED is 20 volumes and is listed on the OED
           | site at 860 quid.)
        
         | Veen wrote:
         | One of my favourite possessions is the Compact Oxford English
         | Dictionary, which is the full 20 volume OED microprinted into 2
         | large volumes. It comes in a case with a magnifying glass. It's
         | too unwieldy for everyday use, but it's a pleasure to browse
         | through it.
        
         | pm215 wrote:
         | If you're in the UK then many public libraries have
         | subscriptions to the OED which include "remote access". This
         | means you can log in from anywhere just by putting your library
         | card number into the OED's login form. So check that before
         | signing up for a hundred quid a year :-)
        
           | Vrondi wrote:
           | This is also true for many colleges & universities in the
           | USA. If you have any university affiliation, check with your
           | university library system first.
        
       | OJFord wrote:
       | I look up 'ordinary' words like those (as opposed to those I
       | don't know the meaning of beforehand) all the time, probably more
       | than unknown words. But not for 'Draft #4' reasons, I look out of
       | curiosity for etymology, older meanings, how common an
       | alternative pronunciation might be, etc.
        
       | yawnxyz wrote:
       | I've been reading Brene Brown's "Atlas of the Heart" - a book
       | that tries to wrangle the definition of emotion words. It's a
       | sort of dictionary crossed with Brene's own stories and her
       | research. Really good read for those into language and psycholgy.
        
       | messo wrote:
       | I just read a book from 1854 covering a dry agricultural topic.
       | To my suprise, the language was more poetic and rich than most
       | modern prose! It was a delight to read and never felt contrived
       | or difficult to follow. Extending our personal vocabulary can
       | spice up a text ... just make sure it doesn't get too spicy.
        
       | notimetorelax wrote:
       | I'm a foreigner - what does "a diversion of the filed" mean?
        
         | chernevik wrote:
         | "Field" can mean those participating in an event, says the
         | runners in a race -- "he outpaced the field"
        
         | taylorius wrote:
         | A diversion - something that is separate from the main
         | activity, something done for amusement's sake.
         | 
         | The field - outdoors, countryside, perhaps an actual field,
         | though not necessarily.
        
           | tankenmate wrote:
           | I think in this context "the field" means in the sense
           | similar to "the field of study", i.e. the encompassing
           | boundaries of an endeavour. So in this case long distance
           | canoeing is an off the beaten track distraction from the
           | sport of canoeing (or in the contrapositive, an off the
           | beaten track distraction from long distance travel). The
           | phrase is enticing because it could be interpreted either
           | way; and still have largely the same meaning.
        
             | taylorius wrote:
             | I was thinking in the context of "field sports", such as
             | hunting shooting etc.
             | 
             | As you say though, both are plausible, and that ambiguity
             | is part of what makes the phrase so interesting.
        
             | resoluteteeth wrote:
             | In this sense any diversion would have a "field" so saying
             | "diversion of the field" would be redundant. As a
             | definition of sport, it is much more likely that "field"
             | means the outdoors (there probably were not many indoor
             | sports at that time).
             | 
             | However, this shows why this dictionary is not actually
             | good for modern, practical use, IMO.
        
         | anonnyj wrote:
         | *field
         | 
         | Something like "Something you do to to pass time/have fun,
         | played on a field."
        
         | wiml wrote:
         | I think it's "diversion" in the (unusual) sense of "an
         | enjoyable activity", and "field" in the sense of "an open
         | outdoor area with grass or crops". Which is a kid of ...
         | poetic? ... definition of a "sport" (e.g. football, a leisure
         | activity you do on a grassy square).
        
           | kragen wrote:
           | I don't think that's an unusual sense of "diversion" 150
           | years ago. It's the main sense of the cognate in Spanish or
           | French.
        
         | mdoms wrote:
         | I'm a native English speaker. I looked at that sentence for a
         | solid minute and couldn't figure it out.
        
           | I_complete_me wrote:
           | I think substituting the term with "fieldsport" would lose
           | nothing.
        
           | donkarma wrote:
           | It made instant sense to me, I read it as something you
           | wouldn't usually do in a field of study, unexpected.
        
         | thewakalix wrote:
         | A diversion is an activity done for fun or enjoyment, rather
         | than for money or similar. A sports field is the area in which
         | the sport is carried out, and has the connotation of "outside"
         | from its other meaning as a meadow.
         | 
         | A definition of "sport" as "an activity undertaken for
         | enjoyment, in a specific environment, commonly outside" is
         | pretty decent in my view.
        
       | devoutsalsa wrote:
       | I find Urban Dictionary are to be pretty useful!
        
         | Asraelite wrote:
         | Unironically I think Urban Dictionary is great.
         | 
         | There's a very high barrier to entry for slang terms when it
         | comes to being added to mainstream dictionaries, which means
         | I'm often left confused about the meaning of a word I've
         | encountered, unable to find it in these dictionaries. If it
         | weren't for Urban Dictionary I would never learn many of their
         | meanings.
        
       | logifail wrote:
       | I was given a copy of Chambers Dictionary[0] by my sister for my
       | 18th birthday, I still have it. According to wiki, it is "widely
       | used by British crossword solvers and setters, and by Scrabble
       | players[..] It contains many more dialectal, archaic,
       | unconventional and eccentric words than its rivals, and is noted
       | for its occasional wryly humorous definitions".
       | 
       | I've always loved its definition of "eclair":
       | 
       | > "a cake, long in shape but short in duration"
       | 
       | [0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chambers_Dictionary
        
         | crtasm wrote:
         | Anyone know of a good offline version for linux? (besides just
         | searching within an ebook copy)
        
           | interfixus wrote:
           | There is one linked in the article. Stardict format; any
           | reasonable dictionary software will read it.
        
             | crtasm wrote:
             | That appears to be a 2007 copy of Websters? I'm looking for
             | Chambers. Seems that there isn't an ebook of it, just phone
             | apps.
             | 
             | Discovered that their 13th edition accidently left out ~500
             | words:
             | 
             | https://chambers.co.uk/wp-
             | content/uploads/2016/09/Chambers-M...
        
         | Jabbles wrote:
         | Does your modern version have that definition still?
        
           | eatmygodetia wrote:
           | Yes. They removed a lot of the fun definitions in the
           | nineties, but by popular demamd they were brought back!
        
         | VladimirGolovin wrote:
         | A good eclair is certainly short in duration.
        
         | serverlessmom wrote:
         | Wow! That's certainly a good one. A couple old favorites of
         | mine are: mullet - a hairstyle that is short at the front, long
         | at the back, and ridiculous all around, and regift - to give
         | (an unwanted present) as a gift to another person, in a process
         | which is likely to continue almost indefinitely.
        
         | nichijou wrote:
         | Except that I totally didn't get what "eclair" is.
        
           | marginalia_nu wrote:
           | In which case you're probably looking for an encyclopedia,
           | rather than a dictionary.
        
             | zamadatix wrote:
             | You'd go to an encyclopedia to find out the history,
             | origins, detailed variations, regional specialities and so
             | on about the topic of eclairs not to understand what an
             | eclair itself is. A dictionary should perfectly well
             | describe a thing without needing to pull out an
             | encyclopedia and if you look at a updated/modern version of
             | the Chambers Dictionary you'll get just such a definition:
             | "A long cake of choux pastry with a cream filling and
             | chocolate or coffee icing."
        
             | wombatmobile wrote:
             | The word you are looking for is 'patisserie'.
        
       | rvba wrote:
       | A very nice trend is that medical terms are named in a more
       | descriptive way - "shoulder joint" is much easier to understand
       | than some latin term or something named after a doctor/patient.
       | 
       | "Wilson's disease" is much harder to understand than "excess
       | copper buildup disease"...
        
       | itwrangler wrote:
       | Thanks for posting this :-)
        
       | kieckerjan wrote:
       | Reminds me of Mark Forsyth's quip in his delightful book _The
       | Elements of Eloquence_: "To write for mere utility is as foolish
       | as to dress for mere utility"
        
         | teddyh wrote:
         | Utility has an esthetic all of its own.
        
       | nanna wrote:
       | And here's how to integrate Webster's into Emacs :)
       | 
       | http://mbork.pl/2017-01-14_I'm_now_using_the_right_dictionar...
       | 
       | Actually there's more than one way, of course. See the comments
       | here:
       | 
       | https://irreal.org/blog/?p=6546
        
       | dang wrote:
       | Past related threads:
       | 
       |  _You're probably using the wrong dictionary (2014)_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=19763435 - April 2019 (87
       | comments)
       | 
       |  _Using the wrong dictionary_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=7772557 - May 2014 (138
       | comments)
        
       | suction wrote:
       | I couldn't disagree more with this piece, especially the idea of
       | a "draft #4" where you go through what you've written and replace
       | all "pedestrian" words with less common ones from the dictionary.
       | I know these writers, and how they "write" - it's painful to read
       | and oozes pretentiousness. You can always tell when someone tries
       | to fake having a wider vocabulary.
        
         | DarylZero wrote:
         | > You can always tell when someone tries to fake having a wider
         | vocabulary.
         | 
         | Doubt it. I know I've been accused of using a thesaurus when I
         | was just compulsively and thoughtlessly posting stream of
         | consciousness on social media.
         | 
         | I think people who think such things just have small
         | vocabularies. They can't imagine others have any fluency with
         | words they don't know.
        
         | jacobolus wrote:
         | Before folks vote up this facile, misguided criticism, at least
         | read the referenced essay https://jsomers.net/mcphee-draft-
         | no-4.pdf
         | 
         | The whole point of published writing is to put enough effort
         | into one-to-many communication to be clear, concise, and
         | expressive. Finding the _right_ words (not the fanciest or
         | rarest words) helps writing to better transmit intention from
         | author to reader.
         | 
         | Careful revision and editing should be celebrated as expressing
         | appreciation for readers, not sneered at as inauthentic.
        
           | avgcorrection wrote:
           | > Before folks vote up this facile
           | 
           | Word not found.
           | 
           | Did you mean: shallow?
        
             | boffinAudio wrote:
             | facile | 'fas^Il, 'fasIl | adjective 1 ignoring the true
             | complexities of an issue; superficial: facile
             | generalizations. * (of a person) having a superficial or
             | simplistic knowledge or approach: a man of facile and
             | shallow intellect. 2 (especially of success in sport)
             | easily achieved; effortless: a facile seven-lengths
             | victory.
             | 
             | I guess someone needs a better dictionary (this was sourced
             | from Dictionary.app on MacOS, btw...)
        
               | avgcorrection wrote:
               | > [tl;dr: shallow]
               | 
               | Exactly.
        
               | lelanthran wrote:
               | > facile | 'fas^Il, 'fasIl | adjective 1 ignoring the
               | true complexities of an issue; superficial: facile
               | generalizations. * (of a person) having a superficial or
               | simplistic knowledge or approach: a man of facile and
               | shallow intellect. 2 (especially of success in sport)
               | easily achieved; effortless: a facile seven-lengths
               | victory.
               | 
               | >
               | 
               | > I guess someone needs a better dictionary (this was
               | sourced from Dictionary.app on MacOS, btw...)
               | 
               | I think you are reinforcing the authors point. That
               | definition most certainly does not present a mental image
               | of prose in which the best word is 'facile'. Instead it
               | makes me think that 'facile' is almost indistinguishable
               | from 'ignorant'.
               | 
               | Compare that definition to the one from Websters
               | 1913-1928 definition:                     Fac"ile (?) a.
               | [L. facilis, prop., capable of being done or made, hence,
               | facile, easy, fr. facere to make, do: cf. F. facile. Srr
               | Fact, and cf. Faculty.] 1. Easy to be done or performed:
               | not difficult; performable or attainable with little
               | labor.                    *Order . . . will render the
               | work facile and delightful.*                Evelyn.
               | 2. Easy to be surmounted or removed; easily conquerable;
               | readily mastered.                    *The facile gates of
               | hell too slightly barred.*                Milton.
               | 3. Easy of access or converse; mild; courteous; not
               | haughty, austere, or distant; affable; complaisant.
               | *I meant she should be courteous, facile, sweet.*
               | B. Jonson.                4. Easily persuaded to good or
               | bad; yielding; ductile to a fault; pliant; flexible.
               | *Since Adam, and his facile consort Eve,
               | Lost Paradise, deceived by me.*                Milton.
               | *This is treating Burns like a child, a person of so
               | facile a disposition as not to be trusted without a
               | keeper on the king's highway.*                Prof.
               | Wilson.                5. Ready; quick; expert; as, he is
               | facile in expedients; he wields a facile pen.
               | 
               | Which definition more accurately represents the word as
               | it is used in prose? 'Facile' and 'delightful' go
               | together quite well. 'Ignorant' and 'delightful' do not.
        
               | boffinAudio wrote:
               | Indeed, this demonstrates that words are note code -
               | their meaning changes with use over time, unlike
               | software.
               | 
               | We can certainly compare definitions and arrive at our
               | own conclusions about the effectiveness of communication
               | their usage imbues - but an omitted definition? We cannot
               | argue over words that are not defined, whether by
               | omission in literature (dictionaries) or by virtue of the
               | reader being, to put it blunt, simply too lazy to check
               | another dictionary ..
        
               | avgcorrection wrote:
               | See also Spanish "facil" which means "easy".
               | 
               | Some apparently less common senses that Merriam Webster
               | gave me:
               | 
               | - archaic : mild or pleasing in manner or disposition
               | 
               | - ready, fluent
               | 
               | - poised, assured
               | 
               | So what's a "facile piece of writing"? Something that was
               | easy to write? Maybe _too_ easy to write? Or easy to
               | read? (Or too easy to read...)
               | 
               | Well, something being easy is definitely an insult in the
               | minds of pretentious people.
        
               | goblin89 wrote:
               | Words are lossy.
               | 
               | Thinking ambiguity can be removed if you only use common
               | words is misguided. You will get writing that is bland
               | and lacks nuance and you may limit the palette of what
               | you can convey, but even then without a fixed exhaustive
               | definition for every word there is ambiguity in shades of
               | meaning.
               | 
               | For example, what exactly does "common" mean above?
               | "bland"? (writing is not a food, is it?) what precisely
               | does it mean for writing to have "nuance"? and so on.
               | 
               | It depends on overall style, but I generally enjoy
               | writing that thoughtfully sprinkles around less common or
               | even invented (DFW) words. It keeps me on my toes--human
               | memory is not perfect, if I haven't had to consult the
               | dictionary in a while then my vocabulary must be
               | degrading.
        
               | Quekid5 wrote:
               | It obviously has a shared history with the Spanish word
               | (comes from Latin. The negative connotation in the phrase
               | "facile piece of writing" would be "over-easy", as in:
               | "over-simplified". ("Too easy" doesn't quite have the
               | right connotation.)
               | 
               | When used derogatorily it also carries an implication
               | that something is 'pretending to be easy' while not
               | actually being so. It might also tie in with Facsimile,
               | but that might be a false etymology on my part. Which I
               | guess ties this back to pretentiousness, but not quite in
               | the way you meant to :).
        
               | shadowofneptune wrote:
               | I am not concerned ... with offering any facile solution
               | for so complex a problem. --T. S. Eliot
               | 
               | Miss Adebayo visited and said something about grief,
               | something nice-sounding and facile: Grief was the
               | celebration of love, those who could feel real grief were
               | lucky to have loved. --Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, Half of
               | a Yellow Sun
               | 
               | "Joker" takes off from a facile premise and descends into
               | incoherent political trolling as a result of scattershot
               | plotting and antics--its director, Todd Phillips, appears
               | not to see what he's doing. --The New York Times
               | 
               | Unless you read a lot into definition 4 of Webster's, the
               | app dictionary, or even the word 'shallow,' gives a
               | result much more accurate to how I've seen the word
               | actually used. With more than a century and a half since
               | the dictionary was first published, seems like plenty of
               | time for a shift in meaning to happen.
        
               | kragen wrote:
               | Those quotes give a much better sense of the word's
               | current usage than either dictionary definition, I think.
               | Myself, I find this usage of "facile" grating, preferring
               | Webster's definition, but that's because I spend a lot of
               | time reading Spanish, French, and books from before
               | 01900; Eliot's quote can be plausibly interpreted either
               | way, perhaps showing how the shift began.
        
               | jacobolus wrote:
               | Facile in modern English means "too easy", like a
               | shortcut that leads to the wrong destination.
               | 
               | This meaning has diverged from French/Spanish, where the
               | word still just means "easy".
        
               | howLongHowLong wrote:
               | It's interesting how the modern usage hasn't crossed over
               | into it's noun form, "facility," which, though
               | essentially the same word, has overtones of competence
               | rather than laziness or ignorance. (Or maybe no one uses
               | that word, and it's sense hasn't changed bc I only read
               | it in books?)
        
               | Vindicis wrote:
               | I'll just toss into the fray the OED entry for Facile:
               | 
               | facile, a.
               | 
               | ('faesaIl, -Il)
               | 
               | Forms: 5-6 facyl(l)e, 6-8 facil(l, 5- facile.
               | 
               | [a. Fr. facile, ad. L. facil-is easy to do; also of
               | persons, easy of access, courteous, easy to deal with,
               | pliant, f. facere to do.]
               | 
               | 1.1 That can be accomplished with little effort; = easy
               | 11. Now with somewhat disparaging sense. +Formerly used
               | as predicate with inf. phrase as subject, and in phrase
               | facile and easy.                  1483 Caxton AEsop 97 It
               | is facyle to scape out of the handes of the blynd.
               | 1538 Starkey England i. iv. 133 As the one ys ful of
               | hardnes and dyffyculty..so the other ys facyle and esy.
               | 1577 Holinshed Scot. Chron. I. 449/1 They..thought it
               | easie and facile to be concluded.    1641 Prynne Antip.
               | Epist. 4, I gathered with no facil labour, the most of
               | those Materials.    1676 Worlidge Cyder (1691) 236 The
               | more facile making of the linnen manufacture.    a 1703
               | Beveridge Serm. xci. Wks. 1729 II. 126 All other acts of
               | piety will be facile and easy to him.    1856 Froude
               | Hist. Eng. I. 357 Having won, as he supposed, his facile
               | victory.    1876 C. M. Davies Unorth. Lond. 250 The work
               | appears facile.
               | 
               | 2.2 Of a course of action, a method: Presenting few
               | difficulties.                  1559 W. Cuningham Cosmogr.
               | Glasse 109 The waye is very facile, and without great
               | laboure.    1607 Topsell Four-f. Beasts (1673) 152 Yet
               | have they found out this facile and ready course.    1639
               | Fuller Holy War iii. ii. (1647) 112 His Holinesse hath a
               | facile and cheap way both to gratifie and engage
               | ambitious spirits.    a 1718 Penn Tracts Wks. 1726 I. 703
               | It will render the Magistrates Province more facil.
               | 1807 Vancouver Agric. Devon (1813) 463 Baiting..in the
               | manner performed on the continent, is an infinitely more
               | economical and facile mode of administering refreshment
               | to a jaded animal.    1860 Tyndall Glac. ii. ix. 271 The
               | facile modes of measurement which we now employ.
               | 
               | +b.2.b Easy to understand or to make use of. Obs.
               | 1531 Elyot Gov. i. v, As touchynge grammere there is at
               | this day better introductions and more facile, than euer
               | before were made.    1579 Digges Stratiot. ii. vii. 47 We
               | have by the former Rules produced this playne and facile
               | Aequation.    1633 Sc. Acts Chas. I, c. 34 The short and
               | facile grammer.    1644 Milton Educ. 100 Those poets
               | which are now counted most hard, will be both facil and
               | pleasant.    1676 Worlidge Cyder (1691) 103 To make this
               | curious Machine more useful and facile.    1786 T.
               | Woolston Let. in Fenning Yng. Algebraists' Comp. (1787)
               | p. v, It having been long considered as a most facile
               | Introduction to Algebra.    1797 A. M. Bennett Beggar
               | Girl (1813) II. 24 The harp and the piano-forte were
               | equally facile to Rosa.
               | 
               | 3.3 Moving without effort, unconstrained; flowing,
               | running, or working freely; fluent, ready.
               | 1605 B. Jonson Volpone iii. ii, This author..has so
               | modern and facile a vein Fitting the time and catching
               | the court~ear.    1657 Austen Fruit Trees ii. 204 One man
               | excells..in a facile and ready expression.    1796 Ld.
               | Sheffield in Ld. Auckland's Corr. (1862) III. 371
               | Your..happy facile expression in writing.    1820 L. Hunt
               | Indicator No. 31 (1822) I. 246 On the facile wings of our
               | sympathy.    1865 Swinburne Atalanta 1641 Deaths..with
               | facile feet avenged.    1873 Symonds Grk. Poets v. 144
               | Stesichorus was one of those facile and abundant natures
               | who excel in many branches of art.    1886 Stubbs Med. &
               | Mod. Hist. iii. 57 To the facile pen of an Oxford man we
               | owe the production of the most popular manual of our
               | history.
               | 
               | 4.4 Of persons, dispositions, speech, etc.: +a.4.a Easy
               | of access or converse, affable, courteous (obs.). b.4.b
               | Characterized by ease of behaviour.                  c
               | 1590 Greene Fr. Bacon i. iii, Facile and debonair in all
               | his deeds.    1638 Featly Transubt. 219 A young Gentleman
               | of a facile and affable disposition.    1782 F. Burney
               | Diary 12 Aug., My father is all himself--gay, facile, and
               | sweet.    1844 Disraeli Coningsby iii. v, Manners, though
               | facile, sufficiently finished.    1876 Holland Sev. Oaks
               | x. 134 He was positive, facile, amiable.
               | 
               | c.4.c Not harsh or severe, gentle, lenient, mild. Const.
               | to; also to with inf.                  1541 Elyot Image
               | Gov. 88 Your proper nature is mylde, facile, gentyll, and
               | wytty.    1631 Weever Anc. Fun. Mon. 116 She was of a
               | more facile and better inclined disposition.    1655
               | Fuller Ch. Hist. v. v. SS7 Q. Elizabeth..A Princesse most
               | facil to forgive injuries.    1670 Milton Hist. Eng. Wks.
               | 1738 II. 80 However he were facil to his Son, and
               | seditious Nobles..yet his Queen he treated not the less
               | honourably.    1851 Sir F. Palgrave Norm. & Eng. I. 297
               | The guilty sons were too happy to avail themselves of his
               | facile tenderness.
               | 
               | 5.5 Easily led or wrought upon; flexible, pliant;
               | compliant, yielding.                  1511 Colet Serm.
               | Conf. & Ref. in Phenix (1708) II. 8 Those canons..that do
               | learn you..not to be too facile in admitting into holy
               | orders.    1556 Lauder Tractate 251 Be nocht ouir facill
               | for to trow Quhill that ye try the mater throw.    c 1610
               | Sir J. Melvil Mem. (1683) 103 Facil Princes..promote them
               | [Flatterers] above faithful Friends.    1648 J. Beaumont
               | Psyche xvii. cxcvii, Alas, That facil Hearts should to
               | themselves be foes.    1671 Milton P.R. i. 51 Adam and
               | his facil consort Eve Lost Paradise.    1805 Foster Ess.
               | ii. vi. 192 The tame security of facile friendly
               | coincidence.
               | 
               | b.5.b in Scots Law. 'Possessing that softness of
               | disposition that he is liable to be easily wrought upon
               | by others' (Jam.).                  1887 Grierson
               | Dickson's Tract. Evidence SS35 Proof that the granter of
               | a deed was naturally weak and facile..has been held to
               | reflect the burden of proving that [etc.].
               | 
               | c.5.c transf. Of things: Easily moved, yielding, 'easily
               | surmountable; easily conquerable' (J.).
               | 1667 Milton P.L. iv. 967 Henceforth not to scorne The
               | facil gates of hell too slightly barrd.
               | 
               | +6.6 quasi-adv. Easily; without difficulty. Obs.
               | c 1523 Wolsey in Fiddes Life ii. (1726) 114 His
               | countries, whose parts non of the Lords or Commons would
               | soe facile inclyne unto.    1548 Hall Chron. (1809) 316
               | Whatsoever were purposed to hym they..might easely se and
               | facile heare the same.    1560 Rolland Crt. Venus ii. 80
               | The Muses..mair facill your mater will consaif, Fra time
               | that thay heir your enarratiue.
        
             | [deleted]
        
         | gorgoiler wrote:
         | Poor writers use a dictionary in the way you describe. Using a
         | dictionary does not make you a poor writer. I was satisfied
         | with the example in the article that this wasn't just a hack to
         | purvey overly mellifluous verbiage.
        
         | function_seven wrote:
         | It's not about using less common words. It's about finding
         | variants that better capture the essence what you're trying to
         | say, or add life to the prose.
         | 
         | > _He explains that for him, draft #4 is the draft after the
         | painstaking labor of creation is done, when all that's left is
         | to punch up the language, to replace shopworn words and phrases
         | with stuff that sings._
         | 
         | None of that suggests the writer is looking to use obscure
         | words. I know the writers you're talking about as well; they're
         | just doing it badly, or mimicking what they _think_ a good
         | writer does.
         | 
         | Compare:
         | 
         |  _Todd opened the curtains and the room got brighter_
         | 
         | with:
         | 
         |  _Todd parted the curtains and sunlight streamed into the room_
         | 
         | Both describe the same thing, and both use ordinary words. But
         | the second one paints a better image in your mind. Of the
         | curtains revealing the window behind them, of the way the room
         | gained illumination, etc. It's livelier.
         | 
         | Or, let's say your marketing team proposes a new slogan: "Our
         | intention is to make sure you're satisfied". A good writer
         | takes a crack at it and comes up with "We aim to please".
         | 
         | First one sounds corporate and boring, the second one is
         | friendly and informal. But both use words that everyday people
         | would understand.
         | 
         | If you've just finished a draft of a few thousand words, a lot
         | of dull phrasing will have made it into the writing. While
         | writing those drafts you were focused on the narrative or plot
         | or whatever. Draft #4 is when you comb through it and look for
         | crusty phrases, replacing them with "stuff that sings". It
         | needn't be garrulous ;)
        
           | Retric wrote:
           | The issue is authors who spend to much time with a thesaurus
           | rarely actually understand the words their choosing. It's the
           | difference between an artist painting using charcoal and a
           | child using markers. The second is more colorful, yet crude.
           | 
           | Further writing is about the goal, describing a hallucination
           | using stilted language for example can actually make things
           | more vivid. _Todd opened the curtains and the room got
           | brighter._ Was the room illuminated by the sun, moon,
           | streetlights, or did the walls suddenly glow? We don't know
           | as things have been abstracted to show effects rather than a
           | clear causal chain. The important bit is to be making
           | stylistic choices not simply imitating competence and hoping
           | nobody noticed the difference.
        
             | function_seven wrote:
             | Yeah those authors exist. I don't think McPhee or the OP
             | are among them.
             | 
             | A thesaurus is a tool like any other. A good writer knows
             | how to wield it, poor ones will just cut themselves.
             | 
             | The "Draft #4" methodology doesn't in itself suggest that
             | the writer is good or bad.
        
         | froh wrote:
         | That's the key difference between technical writing and
         | literature:
         | 
         | Technical writing needs to be simple, to the point, short
         | sentences, same word for the same concept, always.
         | 
         | Literature has a priviledge of poetic entertainment. It may
         | indulge on linguistic expression and the readers will vote with
         | their feet what they love and what they hate.
        
         | Timwi wrote:
         | I am so glad to have read your comment. You took the words
         | right out of my mouth. I was very confused by the phrase
         | "diversion of the field" as both "diversion" and "field" can
         | have so many diverse and incompatible meanings.
         | 
         | The author asks: "Who decided that the American public couldn't
         | handle 'a soft and fitful luster'?". I'm gonna go out on a limb
         | and say the correct answer to that question is "research".
         | Linguists and child psychologists have studied the effect of
         | dictionary definitions on learning and realized that simpler
         | definitions are more useful to school students than the
         | author's dream of "stuff that sings", and that a clear and
         | succinct definition like "a quality that evokes pity or
         | sadness" is more comprehensible, and hence more useful, than
         | whatever Webster's blurb is trying to express.
         | 
         | It should be ironic that the author would use "fustian" as his
         | prime example -- a word which, prior to reading this article, I
         | had never encountered before, but after seeing the
         | paraphrasing, "It's using fancy language where fancy language
         | isn't called for", I now know exactly how to describe this
         | piece.
        
           | lelanthran wrote:
           | The goal of the modern dictionary is quite different to the
           | goal of Websters original dictionary.
           | 
           | The modern (english) dictionary aims to serve as a list of
           | definitions and meanings of words for someone who requires a
           | list of definitions of words. This means that the
           | explanations and example usages have to be short and simple
           | because the person using it may not have a full command of
           | the language.
           | 
           | The original Websters dictionary, as far as I can tell,
           | serves to document the language _for existing native-
           | language_ users. This lets it be more expressive in the words
           | definition (because you can use more expressive language),
           | with the expectation that the user of the dictionary already
           | has some sort of mastery with the language.
        
             | netmare wrote:
             | I'd say that modern dictionaries are made for readers,
             | while older ones were for writers.
        
           | taylorius wrote:
           | Perhaps modern dictionaries' definitions are more accessible
           | to someone with a child's grasp of English, as you say.
           | However JSomers makes an excellent point, that Webster's
           | definitions are more accurate, as well as being examples of
           | great writing.
           | 
           | One solution - Basic and Advanced dictionaries?
        
             | boffinAudio wrote:
             | One is not a child forever, especially if words old and new
             | carry the years.
        
               | alisonkisk wrote:
        
           | barbecue_sauce wrote:
           | I was advised in AP English to "eschew obfuscation."
        
           | [deleted]
        
         | boffinAudio wrote:
         | > You can always tell when someone tries to fake having a wider
         | vocabulary
         | 
         | Is it really 'fake' if they're actually using the words
         | appropriately in whatever prose they are creating?
         | 
         | At what point do you address your own hubris when you encounter
         | a word you don't use, or even understand, and rapidly make the
         | conclusion that the writer is pretentious?
         | 
         | Surely the assessment of anothers pretentiousness happens
         | _after_ examining ones own hubris on the subject matter, or
         | perhaps to put it another way - lack of the sophistication
         | observed in others ... ?
        
         | Veen wrote:
         | The goal is not to replace common words with less common ones,
         | but imprecise words with more precise ones, especially those
         | with connotations and implications that more closely fit the
         | surrounding writing.
         | 
         | There's a place for plain, utilitarian writing, but your
         | complaint is a bit like saying Vermeer is a pretentious wanker
         | because he paid more attention to colour and symbolism than the
         | illustrator who did the images for my microwave's instruction
         | manual.
        
         | tomxor wrote:
         | Although I agree with the siblings, in that (done well) it
         | should better convey the intended meaning, while also capturing
         | the readers imagination with a little artistry - I know what
         | you are getting at.
         | 
         | Sometimes I come across those articles, trying way too hard to
         | add flourish to their writing, but they only achieve a veneer.
         | It does not improve their communication and as you say, it's
         | entirely pretentious. But these are not the same types of
         | writing, one is genuine, the other mimicry.
        
         | kragen wrote:
         | > _I know these writers, and how they "write" - it's painful to
         | read and oozes pretentiousness._
         | 
         | Are you thinking, perhaps, of Mark Twain? I've never heard
         | anyone say he was "painful to read" or "oozes pretentiousness";
         | you could be the first. Yet it was Twain who wrote, "the
         | difference between the almost right word and the right word is
         | really a large matter--'tis the difference between the
         | lightning-bug and the lightning," which is what this "draft #4"
         | business is all about. (He stole the phrasing from a friend of
         | his, but the sentiment was his own, in a letter in 01888 to
         | George Bainton:
         | https://quoteinvestigator.com/2019/09/02/lightning/)
        
           | cookie_monsta wrote:
           | Yes, but no doubt you're aware of Twain's companion piece to
           | that quote: "Don't use a five-dollar word when a fifty-cent
           | word will do."
        
             | taylorius wrote:
             | Giving words a cost is a great way of thinking about how to
             | write. Make expensive words pay their way - they must add
             | enough value to the writing to justify their "cost".
        
               | kragen wrote:
               | It was a common vernacular figure of speech in Twain's
               | time and for decades afterwards. I haven't ever heard of
               | a writer budgeting a dollar figure for each paragraph and
               | adding up the cost of each sentence.
        
               | taylorius wrote:
               | I think what I wrote sounded a bit literal. I don't think
               | anyone really does that "full time" as it were. I was
               | just parroting Mark Twain's phrase really. :-)
        
             | kragen wrote:
             | Absolutely, and that is often the point of rummaging
             | through the dictionary. On another occasion Twain put it
             | more... eloquently? Here he does ooze pretentiousness:
             | 
             | > _In promulgating your esoteric cogitations, or
             | articulating your superficial sentimentalities and
             | amicable, philosophical or psychological observations,
             | beware of platitudinous ponderosity. Let your
             | conversational communications possess a clarified
             | conciseness, a compact comprehensibleness, coalescent
             | consistency, and a concatenated cogency... Sedulously avoid
             | all polysyllabic profundity, pompous prolixity, psittaceous
             | vacuity, ventriloquial verbosity and vaniloquent vapidity._
             | 
             | McPhee's essay Somers was commenting on warns against the
             | same danger:
             | 
             | > _In the search for words, thesauruses are useful things,
             | but they don 't talk about the words they list. They are
             | also dangerous. They can lead you to choose a polysyllabic
             | and fuzzy word when a simple and clear one is better. The
             | value of a thesaurus is not to make a writer seem to have a
             | vast vocabulary of recondite words._
             | 
             | So clearly McPhee was not advocating the unnecessary use of
             | hundred-dollar words [correcting for inflation since
             | Twain's time].
        
               | cookie_monsta wrote:
               | Sure, I have zero doubt that McPhee is a goldmine of good
               | writing advice. I don't know who Somers is and it feels
               | to me like the heart of TFA is basically a hack to make
               | your writing seem more "literary".
        
               | kragen wrote:
               | Somers, too, implicitly criticizes "using fancy language
               | where fancy language isn't called for"--"fustian" isn't a
               | compliment when used of prose. The adjectives paired with
               | it in Wiktionary tell the story: "Dutch fustian",
               | "wretched fustian", "mere fustian", "genteel fustian
               | which lacks either poetic resonance or demotic realism".
               | 
               | But he doesn't really give _any_ writing advice in his
               | essay. He doesn 't recommend that you write fustian or
               | that you write like Hemingway or indeed that you write at
               | all; instead, he recommends that you _read_ the
               | dictionary because _it will be fun_. So, if we 're
               | talking about _writing advice_ , we need to look at
               | McPhee's essay, not Somers's.
        
               | yesenadam wrote:
               | I have to mention the elephant in the room - how you,
               | kragen, habitually write e.g. "01888" when "1888" will do
               | -- you "choose a polysyllabic and fuzzy word when a
               | simple and clear one is better".
        
               | dredmorbius wrote:
               | Y10K proofing. It's a practice of the Long Now
               | Foundation:
               | 
               | https://longnow.org/ideas/02013/12/31/long-now-years-
               | five-di...
        
               | Anon1096 wrote:
               | Regardless of what it's for, writing 5 digit years is the
               | kind of choice that makes your writing "ooze
               | pretentiousness" just like choosing to use hundred dollar
               | words last seen a century ago.
        
               | mlyle wrote:
               | Nah. It's a little conceit. It's a small dash of
               | eccentricity to add spice to an unusual point. It invites
               | one to ask the question, "why do you habitually use 5
               | digit years?"
               | 
               | You, on the other hand, are veering directly into ad-hom
               | and that's not nice. We can talk about how we like to use
               | language without calling out other peoples' language
               | choices.
        
               | bdowling wrote:
               | Poe's Law in action. Any elaborate parody not clearly
               | marked as such will be taken seriously by someone.
        
         | elric wrote:
         | > I couldn't disagree more with this piece, especially the idea
         | of a "draft #4" where you go through what you've written and
         | replace all plain words with difficult ones. I know these
         | writers, and how they "write" - it's painful to read, they want
         | to make themselves seem better than they are. You can always
         | tell when someone tries to pretend to know more words than they
         | really do.
        
         | icambron wrote:
         | John McPhee isn't a pretentious writer at all, though, and I
         | encourage you to try him out to test your theory. Getting rid
         | of pedestrian words doesn't require you to replace them with
         | ostentatious words, merely more vibrant, descriptive ones.
        
         | adzm wrote:
         | The whole point here is not to mindlessly replace words but to
         | be able to find words that more accurately describe what you
         | are trying to convey. The expanded definitions and examples are
         | great starting points for digging deeper into both the language
         | and the underlying motivation.
        
           | suction wrote:
           | I understand it wasn't meant to be "mindlessly", I don't
           | appreciate you putting words in my mouth.
           | 
           | Still, if you don't have the more accurate word in your
           | vocabulary, then don't use it. It will sound stilted and
           | unnatural in the context of your sentence.
        
             | asxd wrote:
             | I get what you're saying, and agree. When I was in middle
             | school I'd shamelessly use MS Word to replace words in my
             | reports with fancy sounding synonyms that I had never heard
             | of before. I kind of cringe at the memory. But on the other
             | hand, that's also kind of how I got them to be in my
             | vocabulary. I feel like once you commit to a new word in
             | your own writing, you start seeing it everywhere and
             | getting a feel for how it's naturally being used.
        
               | boffinAudio wrote:
               | Exactly. This curmudgeonly proposal that ones vocabulary
               | remain immutable is for the dags and curs whose life has
               | not been rewarded by the virtues of newly discovered
               | language.
        
               | robocat wrote:
               | Making up words is fun for the writer, but it often not
               | fun for the reader. Like the popular perception of
               | poetry. Few people have a deep knowledge of their own
               | language or other languages, so their inventions come
               | across as childish.
               | 
               | Your own usage of "dags" is frustrating because as a
               | reader from Australasia, "dag" has a common meaning.
               | Example usages: "You're a dag", "Fred Dagg", "rattle your
               | dags", "clean up those daggy sheep". And back on topic,
               | the common meaning in Australasia is not mentioned in the
               | online American Merriam-Webster dictionary!
        
             | pdpi wrote:
             | There's an important subtlety here -- you're meant to be
             | replacing the words that don't sit right with you. Your
             | starting point is that it's already potentially stilted and
             | unnatural and you're trying to fix that.
             | 
             | Most importantly though -- this is a tool, and not a
             | replacement for taste and judgment. Seen from that
             | perspective, it's a much more potent tool than what a
             | traditional dictionary offers.
        
               | dredmorbius wrote:
               | "He has never been known to use a word that might cause
               | the reader to check with a dictionary to see if it is
               | properly used"
               | 
               | -- William Faulkner, of Ernest Hemmingway
               | 
               | "Poor Faulkner. Does he really think big emotions come
               | from big words? He thinks I don't know the ten-dollar
               | words. I know them all right. But there are older and
               | simpler and better words, and those are the ones I use."
               | 
               | -- Hemmingway, of Faulkner
               | 
               | https://quoteinvestigator.com/2016/01/26/dictionary/
        
               | kragen wrote:
               | To quibble a bit, in American English, Webster's _is_ the
               | traditional dictionary. That 's why most American English
               | dictionaries have "Webster" in their name, even if, as
               | Somers writes, their "contents bear no relation to
               | Webster's original." It's the leaden, imprecise form of
               | definition Somers criticizes that is a break with
               | Webster's tradition.
        
               | pdpi wrote:
               | Hah, that is, perhaps, a perfect example of the article's
               | point!
               | 
               | "Conventional" might've been a better choice of word than
               | "traditional", or something else that better conveys the
               | meaning of "in common usage today", without the "in the
               | olden days" baggage that comes with "traditional"
        
               | kragen wrote:
               | Indeed!
        
               | DarylZero wrote:
               | "common"
        
             | boffinAudio wrote:
             | But, how is one expected to expand ones vocabulary if not
             | by using newly discovered words, appropriately and
             | correctly?
             | 
             | Are you sure you're not just proposing a form of anti-
             | intellectualism more appropriately aligned with the
             | characters in an Orwell dystopia?
             | 
             | Language is important - it should not be degraded by
             | throwing words away - or, indeed, around.
        
             | konschubert wrote:
             | There is a difference between active and passive vocabulary
             | though. Just because you can't think of a word right now,
             | doesn't mean that you and your readers wouldn't easily
             | understand it.
             | 
             | That being said, for anything that you want to be sure your
             | readers understand, "write like you talk".
             | http://www.paulgraham.com/talk.html
        
               | dragonwriter wrote:
               | > That being said, for anything that you want to be sure
               | your readers understand, "write like you talk".
               | 
               | Most people's speech (excluding times where they have
               | carefully written it in a manner _different_ than
               | unprepared speech) not only isn 't colorful, it's unclear
               | by words alone, though often helped by tonal, pacing,
               | and, in person, nonverbal cues, and, in interactive
               | contexts, interaction with active audience members, all
               | of which are lost in text.
               | 
               | "Write like you talk" can be good advice for people who
               | are dealing with a couple specific problems (either a
               | form of analysis paralysis stopping them from getting
               | anything written, or habitual overwriting) but otherwise
               | it's just bad advice that ignores the radical differences
               | in medium.
        
               | boffinAudio wrote:
               | What's some good advice, then?
        
               | cookie_monsta wrote:
               | I don't think it's meant to be taken quite that
               | literally. For me, it's about using vocabulary that you
               | are comfortable with, phrases and rhythms that you use in
               | everyday life. It's not an instruction to transcribe
               | every sound that comes out of your mouth.
               | 
               | People get caught up in the gravity of writing. I've seen
               | amazing pub storytellers churn out unreadable dross
               | because they think they need to be "literary". It's true
               | that there are differences in the mediums, but they're
               | not as great as people make out. Unless it's High Art (in
               | which case everything is up for interpretation), it's all
               | just transferring information from my brain to yours with
               | as little spillage as possible.
               | 
               | Writers "speak" to us most directly when we "hear" their
               | "voice" as we read. And some of the most atrocious
               | nonsense I have read is by people who claimed to have
               | "found their voice". You don't need to look for it. You
               | use it every day. Follow that and you will avoid writing
               | ridiculous, ambiguous things like "diversion of the
               | field" when you really mean "sport".
        
               | BlueTemplar wrote:
               | > You don't need to look for it. You use it every day.
               | 
               | This only goes for young kids in their native language.
               | 
               | In the other cases, it would just take too much time to
               | get better at it, without that minimum of effort. (Which
               | you might not be forced to do after high school.)
               | 
               | Not to mention that language is not just for
               | communicating, but also for thinking.
        
       | liups wrote:
        
       | phgn wrote:
       | For anyone trying to install Websters' Dictionary on a modern
       | mac, downloading it from https://github.com/mortenjust/webster-
       | mac worked for me.
        
         | cosmojg wrote:
         | There's another option with better CSS up on the front page
         | right now: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=29733648
         | 
         | Direct link: https://github.com/cmod/websters-1913
        
         | kubb wrote:
         | Thanks, you're a cool person and your comment should be as high
         | as possible.
        
       | HeckFeck wrote:
       | "A thought flashed through me, which I clothed in act"
       | 
       | I can read and understand phrases like these, because I can read
       | the same language. But I can never create anything with the same
       | ring, or richness of metaphor, when I compose my own. It saddens
       | me greatly. I wonder how one gets the mind for it.
        
         | leephillips wrote:
         | I don't know of your habits, so this advice may not apply to
         | you. But we are living through a slow-motion crisis in
         | language, in the English-speaking world. It is caused by mostly
         | everyone reading, routinely, constantly, and nearly
         | exclusively, garbage prose. This description applies to nearly
         | all journalism, technical discussion, essays of opinion, and
         | any writing related to politics, computers, society, or
         | technology. And we imitate what we read, even if not
         | consciously. Eventually, we lose the ability to express
         | ourselves well.
         | 
         | Spend some time every day reading Shakespeare, Joyce, or
         | Nabokov. Maybe some PG Wodehouse or Oscar Wilde. After a year
         | or so, it will start to seep in. You will notice your own
         | writing becoming more beautiful, and more precise (which is
         | largely the same thing.) I can guarantee this, because you
         | care, and that's 90% of what's required.
        
           | quercusa wrote:
           | That's good advice. The apparently effortless prose of a
           | Wodehouse or McPhee is only achieved through a lot of work.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | cosmojg wrote:
         | Make a habit of drawing connections between disparate concepts,
         | but be careful not to go _too_ crazy with it.
        
       | walterbell wrote:
       | iOS version of 1913 Webster's:
       | https://apps.apple.com/us/app/websters-1913/id1397172520
       | 
       | content and layout: http://www.websters1913.com/
        
       | minimilian wrote:
       | It's nice for once to see a web page with decent typography.
        
       | DonBarredora wrote:
        
       | kubb wrote:
       | I looked up the definition of 'light'.
       | 
       | > Light was regarded formerly as consisting of material
       | particles, [...] but it is now generally understood to consist
       | [...] in the propagation of vibrations or undulations in a
       | subtile, elastic medium, or ether [...].
       | 
       | Feels like being taken to a different age. In fact the most
       | apparent weakness of such a dictionary is that it doesn't reflect
       | the changes in the language since it was written.
        
       | presentation wrote:
       | This is the essence of why anime is better in Japanese than with
       | subs/dubs - not only is the wording much better than a straight
       | translation but the voice acting is much more passionate in turn.
        
         | lopis wrote:
         | It's becoming annoying to watch any netflix animes because the
         | subtitles focus on the official translations instead of what's
         | being said. After 15 years of watching anime, I can understand
         | several expressions and sentence structures, and English
         | translations are really lacking. English is a good
         | international language because it's simple, not because it's
         | subtle, and it shows.
        
           | feupan wrote:
           | The thing about translations is that they're not written by
           | the author. You can translate something and convey the same
           | approximate meaning, but it will always be an approximation,
           | sometimes reduced, of the original intent of the writing.
           | 
           | Sometimes you just can't translate feelings well, even if an
           | apparent direct translation exists. Swear words are a glaring
           | example. You can translate motherf* either word for word or
           | with a similar swear word, but it either won't feel native or
           | it won't have the same connotation.
           | 
           | English itself is fine. I recently read "The Gradual
           | Extinction of Softness" [1] and I was unable to translate it
           | into my language and maintain the same _feeling._
           | 
           | 1: https://hippocampusmagazine.com/2021/11/the-gradual-
           | extincti...
        
           | taylorius wrote:
           | "English is a good international language because it's
           | simple, not because it's subtle, and it shows."
           | 
           | I can't let that pass :-)
           | 
           | English as an international language is not the entirety of
           | English. The English language is enormously subtle - but
           | people rarely (these days) learn it to the required level.
           | Ironically, (in my view) its adoption as an international
           | tongue is one cause of this. People learn it to a functional
           | level, to get on in business and life, and that's the job
           | done. Sadly this reduced, simplified English will likely
           | become what English is (this is already happening) . A bit of
           | a poisoned chalice, becoming the international language.
        
             | BlueTemplar wrote:
             | There's a word for that : "Globish" !
             | 
             | ;)
        
               | taylorius wrote:
               | Thank you, I hadn't heard of that!
        
               | taylorius wrote:
               | Ok, just looked it up - and I see the phrase was coined
               | by a Frenchman from the Grand Ecole. From the article -
               | Nerriere describes Globish as a device that will 'limit
               | the influence of the English language dramatically'.
               | 
               | plus ca change, plus c'est la meme chose... :-)
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | walterbell wrote:
             | Hence _lowest_ common denominator.
             | 
             | But upward mobility remains :)
        
               | taylorius wrote:
               | We can hope! :-)
        
       | jacobmartin wrote:
       | 'Hal, you are here because I am a professional conversationalist,
       | and your father has made an appointment with me, for you, to
       | converse.'
       | 
       | 'MYURP. Excuse me.'
       | 
       | Tap tap tap tap.
       | 
       | 'SHULGSPAHHH.'
       | 
       | Tap tap tap tap.
       | 
       | 'You're a professional conversationalist?'
       | 
       | 'I am, yes, as I believe I just stated, a professional
       | conversationalist.'
       | 
       | 'Don't start looking at your watch, as if I'm taking up valuable
       | time of yours. If Himself made the appointment and paid for it
       | the time's supposed to be mine, right? Not yours. And then but
       | what's that supposed to mean, "professional conversationalist"? A
       | conversationalist is just one who converses much. You actually
       | charge a fee to converse much?'
       | 
       | 'A conversationalist is also one who, I'm sure you'll recall,
       | "excels in conversation." '
       | 
       | 'That's Webster's Seventh. That's not the O.E.D.'
       | 
       | Tap tap.
       | 
       | 'I'm an O.E.D. man, Doctor. If that's what you are. Are you a
       | doctor? Do you have a doctorate? Most people like to put their
       | diplomas up, I notice, if they have credentials. And Webster's
       | Seventh isn't even up-to-date. Webster's Eighth amends to "one
       | who converses with much enthusiasm." '
       | 
       | -- _Infinite Jest_ by David Foster Wallace
        
       | V-2 wrote:
       | vocabulary.com is pretty nice in its more casual, chatty
       | approach.
        
       | janandonly wrote:
       | Some years ago this same article came up on HN. I remember
       | downloading a special app to run Webster's 1913 version on my iOS
       | device.
       | 
       | I also remember being very jealous of macOS users for having a
       | dedicated dictionary.app. Now I happen to have a Mac myself so
       | guess what daddy is going to do this evening? Indeed, get himself
       | an upgrade .
        
       | j0ej0ej0e wrote:
       | Is there a less bureaucratic one for british english?
        
       | e-dant wrote:
       | Dictionary of Obscure Sorrows
        
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       (page generated 2021-12-30 23:02 UTC)