[HN Gopher] Oldest family tree created using DNA
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Oldest family tree created using DNA
        
       Author : zeristor
       Score  : 63 points
       Date   : 2021-12-28 18:53 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.bbc.co.uk)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.bbc.co.uk)
        
       | divbzero wrote:
       | The article cites this research paper [1] which provides a map of
       | the tomb [2].
       | 
       | [1]: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-04241-4
       | 
       | [2]: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-04241-4/figures/2
        
         | OJFord wrote:
         | Why don't they ever seem to link it?
         | 
         | > The study is published in the peer-reviewed journal Nature.
         | 
         | but no link. I assume the author at least read the abstract, so
         | it seems it would be essentially effortless to add for the
         | obviously minority of readers that care.
        
           | RunningDroid wrote:
           | They don't link to it because the BBC is part of the legacy
           | media that has not fully adapted to the web.
        
       | Danborg wrote:
       | Is anyone alive today that is descended from this tree?
        
         | TomK32 wrote:
         | Most likely we are all (all as in everyone on planet Earth)
         | descendents of that family.
         | https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/humans-are-all-mo...
        
           | adolph wrote:
           | Not necessarily from this particular set of people though.
           | 
           |  _Reich: In Europe where we have the best data currently--
           | although that will change over the coming years--we know a
           | lot about how people have migrated. We know of multiple
           | layers of population replacement over the last 50,000 years._
           | 
           | https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2018/03/ancient-.
           | ..
        
             | ema wrote:
             | I wouldn't bet on everyone alive today being descended from
             | them, but at least 90% is pretty likely.
        
               | OJFord wrote:
               | Why? _Related to_ them, sure, but not descended directly
               | from that  'set of people' versus a different branch from
               | common ancestors, i.e. their cousins.
        
           | dekhn wrote:
           | No. It's very unlikely that the vast majority of people in
           | Africa, Asia, and America are descended from these people.
           | They do almost certainly share a common ancestor, though.
        
           | jollybean wrote:
           | I don't think it's quite like that.
           | 
           | Yes, everyone in a region is likely related to ancestors +800
           | years ago from that region, it's not the same for regions
           | with little migratory exchange.
           | 
           | Probably every Chinese person is a descendant of the 1st Han
           | Emperor, but probably most Europeans are not, though they are
           | probably all descendants of Charlemagne, whereas Chinese
           | citizens are not. Etc.
        
       | polycaster wrote:
       | Click bait. It's an old family tree, yes, but not a large one as
       | you might expect. It's 5 successive generations living 5.7k years
       | ago (still impressive).
        
         | ChrisKnott wrote:
         | I really think dang needs to add something to the guidelines
         | about calling stuff clickbait. This is a perfectly reasonable
         | headline.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | OJFord wrote:
           | I wouldn't call it clickbait, but I did read it the same way
           | - a tree from now reaching back to the oldest ancestors made
           | possible by DNA, rather than (as it means) the oldest 'sub-
           | tree', incomplete on both ends, created using DNA.
           | 
           | If it were to be improved I think the archaeological dig
           | aspect could be highlighted, i.e. I assume using DNA samples
           | on a dig to create a family tree for the entombed isn't
           | novel; what's new here is that these are older samples than
           | that's previously been achieved with (and probably they had
           | to do some novel things to make it work, hence the paper that
           | I haven't read).
        
       | thaumasiotes wrote:
       | > Most of those found in the tomb were descended from four women
       | who all had children with the same man.
       | 
       | > The right to use the site was based on descent from one man.
       | 
       | > But people were buried in different parts of the tomb based on
       | the first-generation matriarch they were descended from.
       | 
       | > This suggests that the first-generation women held a socially
       | significant place in the memories of this community.
       | 
       | Are we supposed to be surprised now that people were entombed
       | with their relatives? When people keep close track of each
       | other's ancestry, that's female empowerment?
       | 
       | What societies, by this standard, did not accord women a
       | "socially significant place" in their memories? What is this
       | supposed to mean?
       | 
       | ---
       | 
       | I don't understand the guy who's marked half-green, half-yellow.
       | It looks like he is descended from a male-line yellow father and
       | the implied wife of a male-line green father. The wife was
       | presumably unrelated to the family. But that makes half-and-half
       | guy all yellow and no green.
       | 
       | ---
       | 
       | > There are also indications that "stepsons" were adopted into
       | the family, the researchers say - males whose mother was buried
       | in the tomb but not their biological father, and whose mother had
       | also had children with a male related to the original founder.
       | 
       | Adopted into the family? According to this same paragraph, they
       | were already part of the family when the "adoption" occurred.
       | 
       | I've read that societies differ as to whether, when a man dies,
       | the dead man's male relatives are forbidden from marrying the
       | widow (since that would be "incest") or obligated to do so. It
       | looks like this society leaned more toward the second view.
       | 
       | That interpretation is supported a bit in that it kind of looks
       | like Yellow Wife was senior to Green Wife (since a gen-3 Yellow
       | man mated with a gen-2 Green wife), and Yellow Wife only has
       | children with the patriarch of the tomb while Green Wife (and
       | Pink Wife) also had children with someone else. Maybe Green Wife
       | and Pink Wife were still marriageable when the patriarch died.
       | 
       | > While the tomb reveals evidence of polygyny - men having
       | children with multiple women - it also shows that polyandry was
       | also widespread: women having children with multiple men.
       | 
       | On the contrary, no evidence has been presented that the women
       | had multiple simultaneous partners. We can know the approximate
       | age at death -- but can we know the order in which the children
       | were born?
       | 
       | EDIT: I notice half-and-half guy was buried in the north of the
       | tomb, as befitted descendants of the Green family, and not the
       | south as befitted the Yellow family.
       | 
       | His genuinely-Green half-brother was buried in the south, and the
       | article notes that some people who should have been buried in the
       | north were buried in the south likely due to the collapse of an
       | interior passage in the tomb. This would imply that full-Green
       | guy died after half-and-half guy.
       | 
       | Sadly, that doesn't really suggest any conclusions about who was
       | born when.
        
         | yholio wrote:
         | >When people keep close track of each other's ancestry, that's
         | female empowerment?
         | 
         | The idea was that offspring of different females were spatially
         | segregated in the tomb. If the females were powerless members
         | of the patriarch's harem, the social status of their offspring
         | would depend only on their relation with the common father or
         | some other brotherly ranking. The different family trees that
         | emerge suggest that these matriarchs had at least some power in
         | the later development of the community.
        
           | toyg wrote:
           | Or simply that the community "classified" children by their
           | mothers, which is the obvious approach: as the Romans later
           | stated, _pater semper incertus est_ , "the father is always
           | in doubt". That doesn't involve any power attribution.
        
       | dav_Oz wrote:
       | I wonder under which "rules" polygyny/polyandry where tolerated.
       | I'd imagine it could be also explained by "changelings" or
       | "widowing".
        
         | hnuser847 wrote:
         | Given that this family was wealthy and powerful enough to have
         | a tomb erected, those cases of polygyny could have been due to
         | political marriages. It was pretty common in the ancient world
         | for male relatives to offer up their female relatives as a way
         | to solidify an alliance, even if the woman was already married.
        
         | TomK32 wrote:
         | My bet is not on polygyny but widowing an re-marrying (if that
         | was already a thing). Giving birth was a dangerous event back
         | then as it is today for many women around the world, including
         | large parts of the USA.
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maternal_mortality_in_the_Unit...
        
           | whimsicalism wrote:
           | Even with ancient childbirth death rates (~1%), that would be
           | an unusually high number of deaths.
           | 
           | Could be the explanation, but I doubt childbirth is the
           | driving factor.
        
         | kvgr wrote:
         | Or rape and infidelity.
        
           | toyg wrote:
           | Which are indeed more likely between members of the same
           | family, today like back then.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | [deleted]
        
       | charcircuit wrote:
       | Wouldn't the oldest family tree start with Adam and Eve?
        
         | teekert wrote:
         | I don't think anyone seriously working in the molecular biology
         | field believes in Adam and Eve, at least not in the strict 6000
         | years ago, created by god -fashion. The fictional family
         | relations portrayed in the bible can hardly be called "family
         | trees", right? If you do think this is valid and being written
         | down in an old book is enough for the claim of oldest family
         | tree, there are probably older ones, perhaps in hieroglyphs in
         | the pyramid? Idk, I'm not an expert.
        
           | adolph wrote:
           | _In human genetics, the Mitochondrial Eve (also mt-Eve, mt-
           | MRCA) is the matrilineal most recent common ancestor (MRCA)
           | of all living humans. In other words, she is defined as the
           | most recent woman from whom all living humans descend in an
           | unbroken line purely through their mothers and through the
           | mothers of those mothers, back until all lines converge on
           | one woman._
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitochondrial_Eve
        
             | teekert wrote:
             | Western scientists call her Eve because of our culture's
             | Judeo-Christian (or Abrahamic?) roots. We could have also
             | called her "Ask" if we were Norse mythology inclined.
             | 
             | But I'm just trying to sound intelligent here while I
             | should be working on something boring, I'm not even sure if
             | OP was serious :)
        
               | adolph wrote:
               | My first thought was to write that "Conceptually
               | Mitocondrial Eve stood at the eve of humanity." But that
               | isn't quite right. MEve was the earliest human whose
               | genetic progeny wasn't wiped out at some later point. Not
               | the first person, the chicken that came before an egg but
               | a person who won a genetic lottery unknown to them.
               | 
               | Explainer: https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-
               | nature/no-mitochondri...
        
               | richardfontana wrote:
               | "Ask" is the first male human in Norse mythology, and
               | Embla the first female human.
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ask_and_Embla
        
         | mistrial9 wrote:
         | that story is permeable, in the realm of Depth Psychology ..
         | (teaching of strict capital-T truth are more likely among low-
         | literacy people, but not always).
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Depth_psychology
        
       ___________________________________________________________________
       (page generated 2021-12-29 23:02 UTC)