[HN Gopher] DoE Spent $1.1B to Build Just 3 Carbon Capture Demos
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       DoE Spent $1.1B to Build Just 3 Carbon Capture Demos
        
       Author : algo_trader
       Score  : 26 points
       Date   : 2021-12-28 21:19 UTC (1 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.enr.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.enr.com)
        
       | jcpham2 wrote:
       | I used to work at one of these as it was being thought up - boots
       | on the ground so to speak, straight out high school. Both my
       | father and grandfather were union pipefitters, welders.
       | 
       | They mixed the coal with asphalt in a big ole mixer. Bulldozers
       | push coal into a hopper, conveyors take the coal up a few stories
       | and it falls down a Shute and gets mixed with asphalt prior to
       | being burned in the coal fired steam plant. We had four large
       | towers of asphalt holding tanks, they had to be climbed regularly
       | to check to make sure we didn't overflow them while pumping off
       | tankers.
       | 
       | I don't know how this is supposed to reduce CO2 emissions or how
       | to capture it on the back end, but that's the beginning stage of
       | making coal more environmentally friendly.
       | 
       | You mix the coal with something else and have to create an
       | entirely new mountain pile of mixed coal and you burn that. The
       | logistics of mixing coal with asphalt - not so easy.
       | 
       | I read the GAO 33 page report to make sure my local power company
       | is listed, yep. Southern Company shut down the operation. They've
       | had DOE signs at the entrance for 20 years at least.
        
       | thghtihadanacct wrote:
       | Cant say we didnt try to make coal clean. Turns out its more
       | expensive than its worth and commercial operations dont see any
       | benefit. Time for Manchin and his constituents to read the
       | writing on the wall and get over coal.
        
         | dnautics wrote:
         | The thing is "clean coal" is not _totally_ crazy, there 's no
         | scientific reason you couldn't separate hydrocarbons from coal
         | and create a fuel that emits only CO2 -- it's just as an
         | engineering, technical and economic task it turns out it really
         | doesn't make sense, for the particular coal deposits that exist
         | on the earth and/ot are economical to mine.
         | 
         | At some level you could argue it wasn't unreasonable to give it
         | 'the old college try'.
        
           | pas wrote:
           | So burning coal and then pumping back everything into the
           | ground that would come out of the smokestacks is not possible
           | or it's just not economical?
        
       | titzer wrote:
       | Just to be clear (because I didn't realize this until earlier
       | this year), but Carbon Capture generally refers to capturing CO2
       | emissions at the source, like coal-fired power plants. It does
       | _not_ generally refer to extracting CO2 from air at large. As
       | such, they are, in all reality, a bullshit boondoggle invented by
       | the fossil fuel industry as a bandaid for business as usual.
       | 
       | I am not surprised that this $1.1B basically bought nothing. It's
       | just more Pollyanna BS that keeps the current freight train
       | barreling along at full speed.
        
         | TameAntelope wrote:
         | Specific to this situation you may be right, but generically
         | the idea of making coal-fired power plants emit less CO2 is
         | _not_ a bad idea, mostly because there 's not a feasible way to
         | turn off all such power plants tomorrow, so _given_ that they
         | need to continue to operate for some time, _therefore_ it is
         | helpful to figure out how to minimize their negative impact.
        
         | onphonenow wrote:
         | Supposedly carbon emissions is a top issue.
         | 
         | One issue with carbon capture in the wild is that carbon is
         | actually a not a major portion of the atmosphere (ie, think
         | 0.0004)
         | 
         | So doing capture near CO2 sources makes some sense.
         | 
         | Secondarily, the private market is throwing money at this as
         | well, current costs per ton captured are on the range of
         | $1,000! That is mind boggling pricy, we don't know if these
         | demos were this bad - they might even have been better.
         | 
         | So, if you have a potential society ending issue, spending $1B
         | to try out some things might not be terrible.
         | 
         | That said, if you look at things like SLS, you can understand
         | how these things are prone to being total boondoggles as well.
        
         | throwaway894345 wrote:
         | My favorite fossil fuel shenanigan is convincing folks who
         | purport to care about climate that the solution to climate
         | change isn't reforming corporate pollution policies (e.g.,
         | taxing polluters), but convincing Americans to change their
         | lifestyles--if we can just convince Americans to go vegan and
         | trade in their SUV for a Prius then the world wouldn't be in a
         | climate catastrophe.
        
         | adam_arthur wrote:
         | I find it kind of funny that people are quick to hate on
         | technologies that could enable reduced emissions while
         | continuing to burn fossil fuels. It's as if the goal all along
         | wasn't to actually reduce emissions, but to destroy Oil and
         | Gas. Reactions similar to yours abound, and they are
         | antithetical towards the goal of solving climate change.
         | 
         | Of course, not saying that this technology in particular can
         | achieve net zero emissions by any means, but if it could in a
         | more cost effective manner, it would be more societally
         | beneficial than the alternative of overhauling the entire
         | energy production infrastructure.
        
           | Robotbeat wrote:
           | Yes, destroying oil and gas is a good idea for several
           | reasons.
           | 
           | 1) these capture demos usually don't capture ALL the CO2
           | emitted.
           | 
           | 2) gas still has leaks and oil still has spills
           | 
           | 3) there's potentially a finite amount of easy to access
           | carbon capture storage repositories. Using it for more fossil
           | fuel burning is maybe a bad idea.
           | 
           | 4) there are still geopolitical problems associated with oil
           | and gas
           | 
           | 5) there is still a FINITE AMOUNT of oil and gas.
           | 
           | 6) If we keep oil and gas infrastructure in place, what's to
           | stop a Trumpian populist in the future from just stopping the
           | carbon capture program to save money and reduce costs? Then
           | we'd be back to square one. This has happened in the past
           | when the Bush admin suspended environmental rules because of
           | "oil shortage." But if we get rid of oil and gas
           | infrastructure, that'll basically be impossible except with
           | massive reinvestment.
           | 
           | 7) There's reason to believe these programs are just
           | headfakes by oil and gas, cover to keep emitting as much as
           | possible while alsways promising to start carbon capture
           | "next year" or whatever.
        
             | adam_arthur wrote:
             | Thank you for validating the theory that many appear to
             | have lost the plot and are primarily motivated by
             | destroying oil and gas rather than solving climate change.
             | 
             | I don't think it's an intentional conclusion many reach,
             | just that they've subconsciously mixed up the purpose of
             | what they're advocating to solve.
             | 
             | Also does anybody responding understand what a hypothetical
             | proposition is? Why are you all responding about the
             | technical merits of carbon capture, which has nothing to do
             | with my comment.
        
           | titzer wrote:
           | > it would be significantly more cost effective (thus
           | societally beneficial) than to overhaul the entire energy
           | production infrastructure.
           | 
           | Citation needed on that cost effectiveness estimate, but
           | regardless, all infrastructure is incrementally rebuilt and
           | replaced over the years. So instead of eventually building
           | _replacement_ coal [1] plants with fancy (and leaky) CC, we
           | could as well build different plants that don 't emit any
           | CO2.
           | 
           | [1] or natural gas, which is what's been happening over the
           | past 10-15 years in the US, primarily because natural gas
           | became cheaper. Those natural gas plants produced less CO2
           | than coal, which has primarily driven any reduction in the
           | US's CO2 output. But natural gas still produces huge amounts
           | of CO2 and will never be carbon neutral.
        
             | adam_arthur wrote:
             | "Citation" of a hypothetical? Doesn't make any sense.
             | 
             | Thought the spirit of my comment was pretty clear, but the
             | point was that if technology could enable continued use of
             | fossil fuels in a net zero manner, and in a more cost
             | efficient way than replacing energy infrastructure, that it
             | should be welcomed.
             | 
             | But instead you get a lot of commenters hating on the idea
             | because it would allow fossil fuels to live on, even if
             | consumption of those was net zero. Which implies they don't
             | care about solving climate change, but care specifically
             | about destroying the fossil fuel industry.
             | 
             | Yes things get replaced over time and the replacement
             | technology will end up being whatever's most economical (in
             | a free market) or whatever's most economical given legal
             | constraints (in a controlled market).
             | 
             | There's no inherent virtue of generating power from solar
             | versus coal if you could do both in a net zero manner.
             | Though of course, fossil fuels are limited in supply.
             | 
             | Getting net zero or renewables to be more cost effective
             | than fossil fuels is the fastest way to solve the problem.
             | That transition would happen naturally over time as fossil
             | fuels became more scarce, thus more expensive.
        
               | paulryanrogers wrote:
               | Consumption of fossil fuels is unsustainable even if it
               | could be consumed as a net zero emitter. Because once
               | used it cannot be reused.
               | 
               | Feels a bit like treating a symptom instead of the root
               | cause.
        
               | adam_arthur wrote:
               | Yes, and cost of fossil fuels would rise with scarcity
               | leading a free market to slowly transition to renewables
               | as fossil fuels became more scarce/expensive.
               | 
               | In the assumption that we could achieve net zero in a
               | cost effective way with fossil fuels, this would be the
               | most natural transition
        
               | wgjordan wrote:
               | Shifting goalposts here:
               | 
               | At first, you said that if any CC could achieve net-zero
               | emissions, then it would be significantly more cost-
               | effective than rebuilding infrastructure. Baseless
               | assertion without any specific numbers to cite.
               | 
               | Now, you're saying that if any CC could be net-zero _and_
               | more cost-effective, then it should be welcomed. Well,
               | yes, obviously.
        
               | adam_arthur wrote:
               | Not sure what you mean by shifting goal posts.
               | 
               | I posed an entirely hypothetical proposition that, if
               | this technology could achieve net zero emissions in a
               | more efficient manner (obviously implied), that there
               | would still be many people who hate on it because it
               | would enable fossil fuels to live on, despite the fact
               | that, in that scenario, we would have solved climate
               | change and allows fossil fuels to continue to prosper.
               | 
               | The fact that the technology would be more cost effective
               | was obviously implied. Is it logical that I would imply
               | that a less cost effective technology would be cheaper?
               | No, so why interpret it that way? Does the syntax of what
               | somebody writes always 100% accurately convey their
               | thoughts? No, but its pretty easy for humans to interpret
               | the meaning.
               | 
               | Anyway, I edited the comment for clarity. All the replies
               | debating carbon capture technology have pretty obviously
               | nothing to do with my original comment, and I question
               | how somebody could interpret it in that way. The entire
               | preposition and thrust of the comment was about the
               | hypothetical, nothing to do with specific merits of a
               | technology (very clearly, and obviously)
        
               | titzer wrote:
               | I'll just point you to this [1], which describes the
               | situation better than I can. In short, no, capture
               | capture is not going to be net zero, and even if it were,
               | it doesn't actually reduce air pollution.
               | 
               | [1] https://news.stanford.edu/2019/10/25/study-casts-
               | doubt-carbo...
        
               | adam_arthur wrote:
               | Do you understand what a hypothetical is?
        
               | dragonwriter wrote:
               | > "Citation" of a hypothetical
               | 
               | Yes, the claim that one hypothetical option would be more
               | efficient than another demands support, in the form of
               | evidence, or reasoning from supported theory.
               | 
               | Typical citing the support and stating any necessary
               | connecting reasoning to reach the conclusion from it is
               | the way to provide that.
               | 
               | Just because you are comparing hypotheticals doesn't free
               | the conclusion you claim from that comparison from the
               | need for justification.
        
               | adam_arthur wrote:
               | Do you understand what a hypothetical is?
        
               | dragonwriter wrote:
               | > Do you understand what a hypothetical is?
               | 
               | Yes, do you understand that making predictive conclusions
               | about hypothetical alternatives is itself a claim that
               | such conclusions can be justified (which is true, that's
               | pretty much the whole point of science) and invites a
               | call for the justification of the particular predictive
               | conclusion you have offered?
        
               | adam_arthur wrote:
               | Clearly you don't.
               | 
               | The merits of carbon capture technology, obviously (very
               | much so) have nothing to do with my comment
        
           | Swenrekcah wrote:
           | There are far more problems with fossil fuel than just
           | destabilising the climate.
           | 
           | It also acidifies the oceans, it kills by air poisoning and
           | just is generally bad and also nonrenewable.
           | 
           | We do need a paradigm shift in the way we utilise the earth's
           | resources.
           | 
           | That is why CCS gets a bad rap, it's like the alcoholic
           | parent saying they can continue drinking because there's this
           | new hangover drug and also a great skin remedy for your
           | bruises.
           | 
           | I actually really support all the climate mitigation
           | strategies and CCS is definitely an important one, but
           | together with a strict ban on new coal and oil projects.
           | Natural gas seems an OK tradeoff for now if each new plant is
           | tied directly to the shuttering of a coal or oil one.
        
           | [deleted]
        
         | rob_c wrote:
         | So instead of investing in this technology where it could make
         | the most difference we're going to throw everything out for
         | mountains of broken solar cells, dead and dying battery fires
         | and strip mining in the far east?
         | 
         | Carbon capture has real potential, but has as long as coal or
         | gas is used for baseline we should probably look into using
         | that there into it's understood if we can push these
         | technologies further or use the CO2 in some productive way imo
        
         | bobthepanda wrote:
         | I mean, that's like 3-400M a demonstration. It's not like other
         | energy demonstration projects are historically a lot cheaper.
         | TerraPower and X-Scale are getting $3.2B for two nuclear
         | demonstrations. https://www.heraldnet.com/business/terrapower-
         | plans-to-build...
         | 
         | ---
         | 
         | To be quite clear, I think carbon capture is a scam. That being
         | said, talking about energy investment demonstration projects,
         | this doesn't seem totally out of whack for what projects
         | generally cost; we should attack projects based on the merits,
         | but the particular thing in the headline is not actually crazy.
         | The point of demonstrations is to figure out if things _work_ ,
         | and so they should be expected to have failures; what would be
         | stupid is if we kept going.
        
           | vidarh wrote:
           | It's not even that. It was 1.1bn for _11 projects_ of which
           | only 3 were continued until completion. The rest being shut
           | down because earlier parts of the projects showed there was
           | little chance of success.
           | 
           | The headline is wildly misleading.
        
         | mmaurizi wrote:
         | There are some industrial processes that emit carbon, for which
         | we don't have good alternatives (e.g. making cement, refining
         | certain chemicals).
         | 
         | Being able to capture their CO2 output will likely be
         | necessary, even in the presence of a 100% renewable electric
         | grid - which makes this a technology worth pursuing.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | morninglight wrote:
       | It would be interesting to know exactly where the funding went.
       | 
       | Who were the prime contractors and their sub-contractors?
        
       | literallyaduck wrote:
       | Claw it back and refund the taxpayers. Bipolar red and blue
       | government wastes everyone's time and money with policy
       | oscillation. Instead of pulling the cart back and forth let's
       | find a peaceful, democratic legal separation of the ideological
       | incompatible.
        
       | shantanubala wrote:
       | I feel like I'm reading the same article, but drawing very
       | different conclusions from other commenters. I might be missing
       | something - of eleven projects, three were reasonably successful
       | implementations of an improvement to existing infrastructure that
       | can slow climate change. Not terrible for new technology.
       | 
       | Although there is likely a better allocation of $1.1B in
       | isolation, that is not the world in which this investment was
       | made - $1.1B amounts to <5% of the annual DOE budget. It also
       | does not include comparisons to other investments e.g. over $1B
       | goes towards electric vehicle tax rebates every year [1]. Build
       | Back Better proposed $555B of federal spending for renewable
       | energy.
       | 
       | Are we going to discuss budgets in absolute dollar amounts, or
       | discuss them as portfolios?
       | 
       | I will simultaneously applaud efforts to develop electric
       | vehicles while applauding efforts to increase the MPG rating of
       | an ICE vehicle. The same way, I'll applaud any serious effort to
       | reduce our emissions at coal power plants that do indeed help
       | load balance our somewhat fragile power grid - a fragility we
       | need to address while also ensuring our existing infrastructure
       | serves us well.
       | 
       | [1] https://sgp.fas.org/crs/misc/IF11017.pdf
        
       | hsavit1 wrote:
       | Please watch this video from Juice media on how carbon capture
       | technologies are a complete sham
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MSZgoFyuHC8&ab_channel=theju...
        
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