[HN Gopher] The Economist tracks excess deaths
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       The Economist tracks excess deaths
        
       Author : Zigurd
       Score  : 139 points
       Date   : 2021-12-27 20:04 UTC (2 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.economist.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.economist.com)
        
       | magneticnorth wrote:
       | I was surprised how many eastern European countries seem to top
       | the list of excess death counts per capita, and have much higher
       | excess deaths than official covid deaths.
       | 
       | Does anyone know what the causes are? Are they dealing with much
       | worse epidemics of addiction, alcohol, poverty, or something else
       | than most of the world? Or did they have an older population? Or
       | is it mostly from covid but under-reported, and somehow eastern
       | Europe was especially hard-hit?
        
         | NicoJuicy wrote:
         | I believe many of them are directly correlated because of
         | influence of Russia. Those countries have more anti-vaxxers
         | too.
         | 
         | Some of them have bought the Russian vaccine and well... That's
         | not working out for them.
         | 
         | Similar to other countries that bought the Russian vaccine fyi.
         | So you could check out Brasil and Mexico as a reference for my
         | statement.
         | 
         | I can't think of another cause/correlation.
        
           | usaphp wrote:
           | it's not like Pfizer or Moderna vaccine are working any
           | better, we are still under lockdown, even tho 80% of
           | population is vaccinated
        
             | NicoJuicy wrote:
             | Yes it does. Just check excess deaths, that's what this
             | article is about...
             | 
             | They both already reduce severe illness.
             | 
             | Additionally, it's not just about the efficiency of the
             | vaccine. But the Russian vaccine is overpromised and
             | underdelivered regarding to sales/deliveries to the
             | countries that agreed to buy it.
             | 
             | They are severely failing to deliver the 2nd dose as
             | promised. Let's not go into detail about the corruption
             | associated with it too...
             | 
             | Plenty of resources to verify if you did a little bit of
             | effort ;)
             | 
             | https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2021/07/09/a-royal-mark-up-
             | ho...
             | 
             | https://carnegieendowment.org/2021/11/15/what-went-wrong-
             | wit...
             | 
             | https://apnews.com/article/world-news-mexico-russia-
             | europe-c...
             | 
             | https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-58003893.amp
             | 
             | https://www.news18.com/amp/news/india/what-went-wrong-
             | with-f...
             | 
             | https://www.reuters.com/business/healthcare-
             | pharmaceuticals/...
             | 
             | https://amp.theguardian.com/global-
             | development/2021/jul/22/a...
             | 
             | They didn't even do phase 3 trials and refuse to give
             | sufficient information to the WHO. That's what you get for
             | rushing things just to call dibs.
             | 
             | What a mess.
        
               | usaphp wrote:
               | Not sure where do you see that, looking at United States
               | from the chart:                 - October 2020, +15%
               | deviation from expected deaths       - October 2021, +25%
               | deviation from expected deaths
        
               | adventured wrote:
               | The US is under-vaccinated versus its affluent peers and
               | is also just about the heavy weight champ of the world
               | (ie loaded with comorbidities that amp up the Covid
               | mortality rate, such as diabetes). What's confusing about
               | it?
        
               | jjeaff wrote:
               | Ya, and it just so happens that there is a big overlap in
               | obesity, low income, and those that won't get vaccinated.
               | Which has created a double whammy when it comes to US
               | deaths.
        
               | tiahura wrote:
               | Vaccines made a negligible difference to the case
               | fatality rate.
        
               | manuelabeledo wrote:
               | > Vaccines made a negligible difference to the case
               | fatality rate.
               | 
               | Source?
               | 
               | Because everywhere I look, vaccines seem to reduce the
               | risk of hospitalization and death.
        
             | KoftaBob wrote:
             | No state or city in the US has any "lockdowns" in effect.
             | Unless you've been living in complete isolation off the
             | grid and re-emerged today, your comment is a classic
             | internet strawman.
        
             | baxtr wrote:
             | Where are you located?
        
               | genewitch wrote:
               | Off the cuff, The Netherlands is currently in lockdown,
               | and I can't remember the other ones.
        
               | NicoJuicy wrote:
               | It's a partial lockdown in the Netherlands, mostly
               | because countries/they were afraid if the infection rate
               | of omicron.
               | 
               | I suppose they will lift it soon now more studies are
               | getting released about it's severity.
               | 
               | A new variant doesn't mean that there's no danger because
               | you are vaccinated. Studies need to happen for
               | efficiency/severity.
               | 
               | Edit for below ( can't reply, sorry):
               | 
               | New cases != Severe cases
        
               | the-dude wrote:
               | Not mentioned : infections were at record highs just
               | before this lockdown. With a vacrate of 80%+ ( ~ 83%
               | couple of weeks ago ).
               | 
               | > New cases != Severe cases
               | 
               | ICU were nearing capacity, there was talk about black
               | scenario's.
               | 
               | If you can't reply, click the timestamp of the post
        
         | pashamur wrote:
         | Most likely under-reported COVID deaths. Having looked at the
         | Russia data at least, many deaths (earlier on) were marked with
         | "pneumonia" and they didn't even bother testing for COVID.
        
           | jjeaff wrote:
           | I have found that pneumonia is apparently broadly
           | misunderstood by a lot of people. (It's an inflammatory issue
           | in the lungs, usually caused by a viral or bacterial
           | infection. It is not it's own type of virus.)
           | 
           | We had some family friends that refused to get vaccinated.
           | The wife contracted COVID and then died a few weeks later.
           | When we asked the husband if he was going to get vaccinated,
           | he said no. Because COVID is no worse than a cold. He
           | explained that his wife died from pneumonia, not COVID.
           | 
           | I have seen this repeated a lot when it comes to cause of
           | death. Reports can show things like cardio pulmonary arrest
           | (which means your heart and lungs stopped) complicated by
           | COVID and heart disease or whatever. And then people go away
           | saying well, COVID didn't kill them, it was a cardio
           | pulmonary arrest ... and they had heart disease...
           | 
           | It's amazing how much you can convince yourself of if you
           | want to.
        
             | josephg wrote:
             | Yep. It's like saying someone who's been shot didn't die
             | from a bullet. They died of internal hemorrhaging. It's a
             | distinction without a difference.
        
         | Zigurd wrote:
         | Russia appears to be in deep denial. Some of that influence
         | will spread through the ethnic Russian population in other
         | Eastern European countries.
         | 
         | Follow the link in the article to the overall likely
         | undercount, based on excess deaths. It is pretty horrifying.
        
         | jeffbee wrote:
         | Right-authoritarian governments with populists strongman
         | executives like Russia and Hungary are completely unequipped to
         | handle anything like this disease.
        
       | cm2187 wrote:
       | Tangential to that topic, one thing that puzzles me. When I look
       | at the UK vaccination report [1]:
       | 
       | Table p31 shows the % of vaccinated among covid cases for the
       | month of November. If you look at the population >18yo (had
       | access to a vaccine), you get about 80% of new covid cases are
       | vaccinated, which roughly makes sense, the vaccine doesn't really
       | stop the infections, it mostly stops hospitalisations and deaths.
       | 
       | But p33 and 34 you have the same breakdown for covid deaths, and
       | here again vaccinated are about 80% of covid deaths, I expected
       | unvaccinated to be a much larger fraction. We know the vaccine
       | has an impact on deaths as clearly the overall number of covid
       | deaths are a fraction of what they were last year [2] for a
       | similar number of covid cases.
       | 
       | The way I interpreted it is that the UK was probably capturing as
       | covid deaths, elderly people who simply tested positive but died
       | of some other reasons. But the economist numbers seem to show
       | that excess deaths in the UK are in line with reported covid
       | deaths. So I am not sure how to interpret the fact that 80% of
       | deaths are vaccinated.
       | 
       | The French numbers are more in line with what I would expect [3].
       | The bar chart page 4 shows that 90% of the population is
       | vaccinated, 85% of covid tests, 75% of positive covid tests, and
       | only 60% of deaths are vaccinated, hence significant reduction.
       | 
       | [1]
       | https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/...
       | 
       | [2] https://coronavirus.data.gov.uk/details/deaths
       | 
       | [3] https://drees.solidarites-
       | sante.gouv.fr/sites/default/files/...
        
         | goodluckchuck wrote:
        
         | eltados wrote:
         | From reading the report I think this is addressed p36 that
         | might be because the vaccinated and unvaccinated population are
         | different in other ways :
         | 
         | > 1Comparing case rates among vaccinated and unvaccinated
         | populations should not be used to estimate vaccine
         | effectiveness against COVID-19 infection. Vaccine effectiveness
         | has been formally estimated from a number of different sources
         | and is summarised on pages 5 to 11 in this report. The case
         | rates in the vaccinated and unvaccinated populations are
         | unadjusted crude rates that do not take into account underlying
         | statistical biases in the data and there are likely to be
         | systematic differences between these 2 population groups. For
         | example: * people who are fully vaccinated may be more health
         | conscious and therefore more likely to get tested for COVID-19
         | and so more likely to be identified as a case (based on the
         | data provided by the NHS Test and Trace) * many of those who
         | were at the head of the queue for vaccination are those at
         | higher risk from COVID-19 due to their age, their occupation,
         | their family circumstances or because of underlying health
         | issues * people who are fully vaccinated and people who are
         | unvaccinated may behave differently, particularly with regard
         | to social interactions and therefore may have differing levels
         | of exposure to COVID-19 * people who have never been vaccinated
         | are more likely to have caught COVID-19 in the weeks or months
         | before the period of the cases covered in the report. This
         | gives them some natural immunity to the virus for a few months
         | which may have contributed to a lower case rate in the past few
         | weeks
        
       | KoftaBob wrote:
       | How interesting that they don't include China in this list, as
       | they are notorious for outright lying about basically every
       | metric ever.
        
         | Zigurd wrote:
         | It is very interesting. There is a link in this article to
         | another article that contains a pretty shocking global estimate
         | based on excess deaths: https://www.economist.com/graphic-
         | detail/coronavirus-excess-...
         | 
         | It is more than 4X the official count. Some of that is probably
         | in places with no official numbers. But one wonders how many
         | are in China.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | usaphp wrote:
       | I don't quite understand, how come "expected deaths" are almost
       | the same across the whole year. Winter flu season is known to
       | have a much higher death toll than summers, I remember reading
       | news of triage tents were set up during winter flu season in new
       | york.
        
         | bena wrote:
         | These are tracking deviations from the norm. It's not that
         | expected deaths are flat across the year, it's that they're
         | just showing the difference. If we expect 50 and see 55, we
         | have 5 excess deaths. If we expect 10 and see 15, we still only
         | have 5 excess.
        
           | usaphp wrote:
           | No, chart has "Total Deaths" and "Expected Deaths" numbers
           | per month. Just hover over the tiles and you will see these
           | values.
        
             | lijogdfljk wrote:
             | How much should it swing? ~+20% for US from Jan to June
             | 2020 for example, is that not the difference you're looking
             | for?
        
         | woodruffw wrote:
         | They aren't. The article's data shows a clear trend towards
         | higher excess deaths in winter months in the United States.
         | 
         | But even if the trend wasn't present: a large portion of the
         | US's population lives in regions without 4 "true" seasons or
         | where the flu season is dramatically shorter than in the
         | Northeast. Analyzing individual climate regions within the US
         | and accounting for varying degrees of public health compliance
         | would provide a clearer picture.
        
         | kurthr wrote:
         | They have subtracted out the average number of deaths on each
         | day from 2015-2019 so that it is flat. If you roll over the
         | orange/red rectangles for each country you can see expected
         | deaths, excess deaths, and % of excess deaths. Long term the US
         | is seeing about 10% excess deaths (mostly in the 40% of
         | unvaccinated) since COVID was introduced.
         | 
         | That is why you can also see a negative number of excess deaths
         | lower down the page.
        
         | xboxnolifes wrote:
         | It's not almost the same though. It's showing a 20% increase
         | during flu season.
        
       | wanderingmind wrote:
       | This was the number thay should have been used all along in the
       | western world. The excessive deaths were very high in Q2/Q3 2020
       | that warranted stringent lockdown. However starting Q4, the
       | excess deaths have started to reduce and has significantly
       | minimzed across the world in second half of 2021. Its most likely
       | because of vaccines but the acquired immunity due to infections
       | are also likely a cause. There is no need for any restrictions
       | from a public health standpoint as excess deaths are now
       | significantly lower likely with the expected error.
       | 
       | EDIT: the post was primarily about western countries with
       | reliable data and vaccination records
        
         | jeffbee wrote:
         | Are you referring to any particular jurisdiction? In the U.S.A.
         | for example Q3 2021 excess deaths were as bad as Q2-Q3 2020.
         | 40% excess deaths is something like 3000 people every day.
        
           | wanderingmind wrote:
           | Most countries in western Europe and many states seem to have
           | less than 10  excess deaths in 2021. There is also likely to
           | be an error that is not quoted here. Typically such
           | comparisons must be made on 10 year average data and the
           | changes within those years will provide the error which is
           | likely to have variation of 5-10
        
       | axutio wrote:
       | One interesting contributor to is a spike in deaths attributed to
       | Alzheimer's and other dementias - there were about 42,000 more of
       | these deaths in the U.S. in 2020 than would be expected from the
       | previous five-year average [1,2]. These deaths are primarily
       | attributed to the negative effects of lockdowns on dementia
       | patients - loss of access to family and caregivers as well as
       | social isolation generally have a substantially more negative
       | impact on this subset of individuals than on the general
       | population.
       | 
       | Using a total 2020 U.S. excess death count of ~415,000 [3], this
       | means that just above one in ten excess deaths can be attributed
       | to the negative effects of lockdown rather than to COVID itself.
       | On the other hand, the alternative would likely have been letting
       | COVID ravage senior care facilities, which could have been much
       | worse.
       | 
       | [1] https://www.aarp.org/health/brain-
       | health/info-2021/alzheimer...
       | 
       | [2] https://www.alz.org/media/Documents/alzheimers-facts-and-
       | fig...
       | 
       | [3] https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2101386118
        
       | teruakohatu wrote:
       | In NZ we just about eliminated flu (and COVID until recently),
       | with resulted in the negative excess deaths reported in the
       | article.
        
         | lostlogin wrote:
         | It's slightly jarring to see a negative number, and even more
         | jarring how much airtime those championing unlocking, unmasking
         | and being antivax are getting here.
        
           | disambiguation wrote:
           | NZ is an island at the edge of the world, and their
           | population is a fraction of most major cities, let alone
           | states, provinces, and countries. Policies that work for them
           | might not work for others.
           | 
           | Further, its a bit early to call victory if perpetual
           | lockdowns are the only thing holding back the disease. What
           | happens once they open the flood gates and covid is still
           | active?
        
             | throwaway788 wrote:
             | The 95%+ vaccinations rates (12+) in the three major cities
             | and 92% overall (also 12+) would somewhat help. Along with
             | the fact community spread is already present and has been
             | for a few months, the measures in place have kept
             | uncontrolled spread in check.
             | 
             | NZ keeps new introductions to a minimum to ensure that
             | contact tracing is not overwhelmed and this adds to the
             | effective decrease in reproduction offered by vaccinations.
             | New Zealand being a season behind also allows the Northern
             | hemisphere to burn through a wave and NZ can then decide
             | when to lift international arrival restrictions to a time
             | when the incidence levels are low from common arrival
             | locales (UK, US etc).
        
           | umvi wrote:
           | > and even more jarring how much airtime those championing
           | unlocking, unmasking and being antivax are getting here
           | 
           | Not everyone agrees "excess deaths" is the ultimate variable
           | society should optimize for at the expense of all other
           | variables.
        
             | meepmorp wrote:
        
             | tracerbulletx wrote:
             | Wearing a mask and getting a vaccine are not even
             | tradeoffs. The choice is between being willfully obstinate
             | and participating in measures that save lives.
        
             | lostlogin wrote:
             | If election results are to be believed, New Zealanders like
             | the results achieved.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | aronpye wrote:
        
               | darthrupert wrote:
               | Jesus, honestly? This isn't even funny as a joke. You
               | need to be very ashamed for typing that.
        
               | aronpye wrote:
        
               | woodruffw wrote:
               | "Legality doesn't imply morality" is a trite observation
               | that doesn't on its own justify a comment, much less a
               | tasteless comparison between the Holocaust and a global
               | medical emergency.
        
               | aronpye wrote:
        
               | woodruffw wrote:
               | As we've amply experienced over the last 18 months, a
               | disease can simultaneously be mild (in perceived short-
               | term illness) for most people _and_ kill and incapacitate
               | millions of people. These are not disjoint conditions for
               | a global pandemic, and mild illness in many is not
               | _itself_ a sufficient condition for ignoring the harm
               | done to millions.
               | 
               | And, to be blunt: "I didn't say the word 'Holocaust' when
               | I compared COVID to the efficient cause of the Holocaust"
               | is not a plausible excuse.
        
               | aronpye wrote:
        
               | woodruffw wrote:
               | You replied to the wrong comment. You're also going to
               | need to provide a citation that demonstrates that any
               | harms from quarantines and lockdowns exceed the millions
               | of additional deaths that they've likely prevented.
               | 
               | Most reasonable people understand the difference between
               | "sustainability" as a systemic goal (e.g., ensuring that
               | a pension plan is self-supporting and disbursible in
               | perpetuity) and reactive policymaking (e.g., asking
               | people to self-isolate and wear masks until our best
               | science and net outcomes support a change). The latter
               | doesn't need to be "sustainable," because it isn't
               | supposed to be a permanent fixture. It's something we do
               | to "stop the bleeding."
        
               | aronpye wrote:
               | > You're also going to need to provide a citation that
               | demonstrates that any harms from quarantines and
               | lockdowns exceed the millions of additional deaths that
               | they've likely prevented.
               | 
               | The harm of locking people down and preventing people
               | from working is self-evident. Even if it was effective in
               | dealing with COVID, clearly it isn't as it is still here,
               | it still violates individual sovereignty and the
               | principle of consent of the governed.
               | 
               | Also 2 years on, these policies are no longer a reaction
               | or short-term action. So the issue of sustainability is
               | relevant. We're in a situation where we either accept
               | cyclical oppressive lockdowns, or just learn to live with
               | it. Vaccination doesn't really come into it as we don't
               | have a vaccine, just temporary protections which aren't
               | even fully effective.
        
               | aronpye wrote:
        
               | sofixa wrote:
               | Godwin's law in action.
               | 
               | FYI, the Nazis didn't win in 1933, they got in power via
               | a stalemate in parliament, connections, people who
               | thought they can control them, hope and a bad
               | constitution.
               | 
               | And comparing Nazi Germany to New Zealand is
               | _outrageously_ ridiculous.
        
               | aronpye wrote:
               | Wasn't a stalemate at all, the turn out was 88.7% and the
               | Nazis won by over 10 million votes
        
               | sofixa wrote:
               | And they only had 33% of the votes. They were finest, but
               | in a parliamentary democracy ( which Weimar Germany was
               | to an extent), you need a majority. Because no credible
               | coalition could be forms, it was a stalemate.
        
               | aronpye wrote:
        
               | sofixa wrote:
               | Because you are, and no offense intended, a very special
               | person if you think that being sent to a concentration
               | camp to work in terrible conditions until you die of
               | starvation, or being sent to a gas chamber, is _in any
               | way comparable_ to having a quarantine, lockdown, having
               | to wear a mask or take a vaccine.
        
               | aronpye wrote:
        
           | usaphp wrote:
           | If you ban people from driving cars and make them walk
           | everywhere - you could also eliminate car accident deaths,
           | it's not sustainable though...
        
             | wbsss4412 wrote:
             | I mean maybe you're onto something and don't realize it.
             | 
             | Banning cars would be more akin to totally locking down
             | rather than incentivizing vaccination, masks and other
             | public health measures that aren't as invasive. Maybe,
             | similarly discouraging car y use and encouraging walking is
             | a good thing.
        
               | aronpye wrote:
               | So basically destroy rural populations which are also the
               | source of all our food? Unless I'm mistaken in that
               | cities are actually the source of all life sustaining
               | industries.
        
               | pm90 wrote:
               | Enough with the hyperbole. Discouraging car use won't
               | destroy rural populations; it would improve the QoL of
               | urban ones.
        
               | aronpye wrote:
               | You can't survive in a rural area without a car
        
               | pm90 wrote:
               | The parent said:
               | 
               | > Maybe, similarly discouraging car y use and encouraging
               | walking is a good thing.
               | 
               | That policy won't take cars away from the rural populace.
        
               | wbsss4412 wrote:
               | Is discouraging synonymous with destroying in your
               | lexicon?
               | 
               | Most people don't live in rural areas and most deadly
               | accidents don't occur in rural areas either. Discouraging
               | car use in cities has next to no effect on rural
               | populations.
        
             | quadrangle wrote:
             | What do you mean not sustainable???
             | 
             | If we limited and regulated car use pretty extremely and
             | stuck with trains, bikes, and walking, we would be half the
             | way there toward a completely sustainable society.
             | 
             | Cars are a major source of the least sustainable aspects of
             | humanity on earth today.
        
               | josephcsible wrote:
               | Most of America needs cars. Society would collapse if you
               | just "limited and regulated car use pretty extremely". If
               | there's a solution to that, then let's just do that, and
               | skip the authoritarian part afterward.
        
               | quadrangle wrote:
               | You mean most of America is _designed_ to be car-
               | dependent. So, yes, in the current design it needs cars.
               | 
               | I wasn't saying we could just suddenly ban them tomorrow.
               | 
               | The solution is hard because of how bad we've gotten
               | things. But the solution has little authoritarian about
               | it. We just change our priorities for the design of
               | public infrastructure. We don't even need to actually ban
               | cars at all. Make it practical and _enjoyable_ to do
               | everything by train, bike, or walking whenever possible
               | and most people will happily do it. The result is a huge
               | decrease in deaths both through healthier living and less
               | cars.
               | 
               | https://www.youtube.com/c/NotJustBikes/videos describes
               | things pretty well and accessibly. In short: the
               | Netherlands was on track 40 years ago to be nearly as
               | car-dependent as the U.S. and yet protesters blocked some
               | highway proposals and the country went in a different
               | direction. Today, it's the best designed place in the
               | world, and its even better for drivers too.
        
               | josephcsible wrote:
               | > But the solution has little authoritarian about it.
               | 
               | The authoritarian part was limiting/regulating car use
               | pretty extremely. I'm perfectly fine with making
               | alternatives to cars more practical, just not with making
               | cars less practical.
        
               | pm90 wrote:
               | Nothing authoritarian about that if the majority of the
               | population agrees that's the best way to move forward.
        
               | AuryGlenz wrote:
               | I can't wait to bike 12 miles to the nearest town in -20
               | degree weather to catch a train that doesn't exist so I
               | can get groceries.
               | 
               | You might as well say, "Well, if we just invented
               | teleporters..."
        
               | pm90 wrote:
               | I would suggest you try and see how countries that aren't
               | as car centered as the US operate. Trains, buses, trams
               | all can make it very easy to lose the car addiction. And
               | it can be done today, no teleportation required.
        
               | seanmcdirmid wrote:
               | Those countries are usually heavily urbanized, though so
               | is the USA. Those not living in urban areas generally
               | have more dependence on cars (eg in Australia or New
               | Zealand).
        
               | seanmcdirmid wrote:
               | Then you would know what it looks like to live in the
               | Alaskan bush (not many roads, so cars aren't that
               | useful).
               | 
               | Of course, where Alaska does have roads, they have a
               | super high death rate. An uncle who I never knew being
               | one of them (though in this case, and as usual, alcohol
               | was also involved).
        
               | Zigurd wrote:
               | A larger percentage of the population lived in rural
               | areas before mass production of cars.
        
             | dr_zoidberg wrote:
             | It's pretty sustainable on cities witth proper public
             | transport. And I say that living on a city with pretty much
             | subpar public transport, but on which I manage to go
             | everyday just walking, save for a few trips from time to
             | time where I definitely need to move by car (it's a bit
             | under once per week, think 30-40 times a year).
        
             | ajsnigrutin wrote:
             | If you banned cigarettes, you'd save many lives, and it's
             | also pretty much sustainable for everybody except the
             | tobacco industry.
             | 
             | I'm not sure which country (NZ?) implemented a law, that
             | everyone born after some year, will not be able to buy
             | cigarettes anymore, so old smokers can still buy them, but
             | kids just turning 18 can't anymore, and never will be able
             | to.
        
               | lostlogin wrote:
               | ... that's us here in New Zealand too.
        
               | NickNameNick wrote:
               | Yes, NZ is in the process of changing the tobacco retail
               | laws to slowly increment the age at which is it legal to
               | sell a buyer any tobacco product.
               | 
               | The net effect if which is that it will never be legal to
               | sell someone born after ~2006 any tobacco products.
        
               | usaphp wrote:
               | Banning cigarettes is not something that is comparable to
               | banning people from traveling and gathering with their
               | friends...
        
               | sofixa wrote:
               | People can travel without cars just fine. Feet, bicycles,
               | public transit, there are tons of options for every
               | scenario.
        
               | josephcsible wrote:
               | Not in most places. If you don't live in a big city, it's
               | probably too far to walk or bike, and there is no public
               | transit.
        
               | sofixa wrote:
               | That only goes for countries that consider public transit
               | to be for the poor or extremely dense urban environments
               | where cars couldn't work. It's far from the case
               | worldwide. ( Of course I'm not talking about small
               | villages with a population in the hundreds, but towns in
               | the thousands should have public transit connections).
        
               | josephcsible wrote:
               | It goes for most of the US, and the US is too big to just
               | ignore.
        
               | lostlogin wrote:
               | We can travel and see friends. It's harder, but we can.
        
               | ajsnigrutin wrote:
               | But it saves lives.
               | 
               | In my country (Slovenia), cigarettes kill more people
               | than covid did (in the last 2 years)... we had huge
               | lockdowns, and pointed the fingers at anyone who ignored
               | some of the rules (even though our constitutional court
               | ruled afterwards that most of the lockdowns were
               | unconstitutional), but just banning smoking would save
               | more lives than covid took away.
        
               | AQuantized wrote:
               | Uncertain if that's true. Prohibition of substances
               | hasn't worked for alcohol or illicit drugs in general.
               | Unlikely to work for tobacco specifically, especially
               | given how easy it is to grow.
        
           | ZephyrBlu wrote:
           | How long do you want the country to isolate itself from the
           | rest of the world? Your view of managing COVID seems
           | extremely conservative.
        
             | space_rock wrote:
             | Well it resulted in one of the lowest restrictions on
             | people in any country besides international travel. Giving
             | people freedom to meet people and work is good
        
               | ZephyrBlu wrote:
               | We have strong restrictions relative to our COVID cases.
               | Majority of the country has practically no cases, yet
               | they are at the middle alert level rather than the lowest
               | one.
               | 
               | Auckland previously had a very strict lockdown based on
               | very low case numbers relative to the rest of the world.
               | 
               | Of course there is the argument that if we didn't have
               | such restrictions we wouldn't have dealt with COVID as
               | well, but even taking that into account I think the
               | government has been very conservative.
        
               | space_rock wrote:
               | One perspective to consider is the length of these
               | restrictions. Other countries have had years of lockdowns
               | and restrictions. New Zealanders were going to concerts
               | while the world was in lockdown. Even if New Zealand's
               | restrictions have been strict the restrictions have been
               | intermittent and only in some regions
        
               | ZephyrBlu wrote:
               | This is true, but again I would compare restrictions
               | relative to the severity of COVID outbreak.
               | 
               | Other countries have much longer/stronger restrictions,
               | but they have also had much more severe outbreaks.
               | 
               | The government seems to be very slow to come around on
               | changing their COVID strategy, especially given that the
               | stakes are pretty low in NZ relative to other countries.
        
             | lostlogin wrote:
             | I can travel if I want. I don't want to.
             | 
             | Others not coming in needs to change at some point, but I
             | don't see that it is serving us badly.
        
               | ZephyrBlu wrote:
               | We can't really travel because getting a quarantine spot
               | for your return is very difficult.
               | 
               | Opening up the floodgates seems unwise, but our
               | restrictions seem quite strict given how few cases we
               | have had.
        
           | Zigurd wrote:
           | If anything, the story will be that those who have the choice
           | are happy not being in the office all the time, and that road
           | deaths and deaths from other infectious diseases will be down
           | due to anti-COVID measures.
        
           | StephenJGL wrote:
           | It might be even more jarring when a population two years
           | from now is hit by a flu they didn't get almost any exposure
           | to this year. There is a complexity here that is hard to wrap
           | your head fully around.
        
           | qybaz wrote:
           | Imagine the amount of disease, death and suffering we could
           | prevent if we lived in pods like in The Matrix.
        
             | usaphp wrote:
             | Welcome to Metaverse
        
           | aronpye wrote:
           | Nationwide mandates are oppressive and don't allow people
           | freedom to choose their own level of acceptable risk.
           | Regional level variations are probably more tolerable
           | allowing people to choose what type of society they want to
           | live in.
        
             | sofixa wrote:
             | I think you might be missing the fact that it's an airborne
             | virus at pandemic levels. Regional restrictions can't work
             | because people can just move and spread it everywhere,
             | including places where local inhabitants don't want to
             | "accept the risk".
        
               | aronpye wrote:
               | Why would anyone who wants freedom move into an area
               | where people are forced into isolation?
        
               | sofixa wrote:
               | Because their family is there, or because there's better
               | work there, or they like the weather better or any number
               | of reasons.
        
               | prawn wrote:
               | They don't need to move there to spread risk, just move
               | through, and as such tourism is one factor.
               | 
               | Early in the pandemic, I had an assignment to photograph
               | in a particular area that was actively dissuading
               | visitors, had signage up as such, etc. I had to stop to
               | refuel the car, but that was the extent of my contact
               | with people and interiors otherwise.
               | 
               | I live in a state that had closed borders for most of the
               | pandemic until recently (when our adult vax rate hit
               | 80%). They're now open and cases are predictably rising.
               | Opening the borders seems to have had a political
               | backlash because while families can move in/out of the
               | state, the rising cases has brought about business
               | lockdowns but without the support/stimulus from last
               | year.
        
         | _dain_ wrote:
         | >In NZ we just about eliminated flu (and COVID until recently)
         | 
         | along with your civil liberties
        
           | throwaway788 wrote:
           | Over the entire pandemic to date, NZ has had lower levels of
           | restrictions than all other OECD countries. For the majority
           | of the pandemic there were zero restrictions and businesses
           | and people were operating as normal.
           | 
           | NZ had a election mid-way through the pandemic and
           | overwhelmingly re-elected the current government based on the
           | approach being taken. Under the MMP system the current single
           | party government is unique (governments are normally
           | coalitions of multiple parties - like Germany).
           | 
           | These talking points from right-wing media about Australia
           | and NZ suffering and having civil liberties destroyed is so
           | far from the truth that when seeing news items covering it
           | from the USA, it is so absurd to be comical.
        
           | manuelabeledo wrote:
           | > along with your civil liberties
           | 
           | This is untrue, and part of a dangerous narrative that puts
           | the wants of individuals as more important than the needs of
           | a society.
        
             | gwright wrote:
             | > wants of individuals as more important than the needs of
             | a society
             | 
             | You're just introducing your own dangerous narrative into
             | the conversation.
             | 
             | Making individuals subservient to the "needs of society"
             | and disregarding individual rights has been the source of
             | much misery and death.
             | 
             | A balance is needed between individual rights and
             | government power.
        
               | manuelabeledo wrote:
               | > Making individuals subservient to the "needs of
               | society" and disregarding individual rights has been the
               | source of much misery and death.
               | 
               | Same could be said about disregarding societal needs in
               | favour of individual rights.
               | 
               | But the main issue here is that there hasn't been any
               | regression in individual rights in New Zealand, or
               | Australia, for that matter. We are talking about people
               | who couldn't temporarily go outside to prevent the spread
               | of a global pandemic. It just seems that the necessary
               | trumps the individual accommodations in this case.
        
             | claytongulick wrote:
             | > part of a dangerous narrative that puts the wants of
             | individuals as more important than the needs of a society.
             | 
             | This is part of a dangerous narrative that grants ownership
             | of self to the state, rather than the individual.
        
               | manuelabeledo wrote:
               | Right, because killing your neighbour is worth being able
               | to go to your favourite restaurant.
               | 
               | I mean, if we are to accept the _absurd_ take that civil
               | liberties were under attack because of the response to a
               | global pandemic, something that didn 't happened, then
               | it's equally possible that the people against lockdowns
               | and other measures are just whining, because they are
               | slightly inconvenienced by rules that may prevent their
               | fellow humans' deaths.
        
           | space_rock wrote:
           | Actually the domestic restrictions on people in NZ have been
           | much less than other countries. They got negative press for
           | proactive restrictions on an exponentially spreading virus.
           | Lockdown after 1 detection
        
       | qwertyuiop_ wrote:
       | https://trends.google.com/trends/explore/TIMESERIES/16406406...
       | 
       | https://i.postimg.cc/QM0ckk2C/Screenshot-2021-12-27-163738.p...
        
       | pelasaco wrote:
       | how should i interpret this chart?
       | 
       | - Australia and Germany did well, Peru not so much?
       | 
       | - The Swedish COVID-19 Response wasn't a disaster[1]
       | 
       | - Brazil didn't make so bad as widely reported by the media?
       | 
       | References:
       | 
       | [1]: https://time.com/5899432/sweden-coronovirus-disaster/
        
         | cmrdporcupine wrote:
         | Much of it is likely due to strength or weaknesses of various
         | medical systems, as well as density/distribution of population.
         | Remember this tracks deaths only, not case rates or
         | hospitalization generally. I tend to think if you went into a
         | hospital in Sweden, you got good care.
         | 
         | The US did fairly well, but you also have to consider there are
         | large areas that are very spread out geographically, large
         | suburbs, etc.
         | 
         | Seems like places that did the worst -- outside of the first
         | wave when nobody was prepared -- are what you'd expect: places
         | with poor, dense populations, and worse infrastructure.
        
       | lettergram wrote:
        
         | rectang wrote:
         | Well, we mightn't have to resort to "excess death" statistics,
         | were there not such aggressive campaigns to ensure that COVID
         | deaths are not reported as such.
         | 
         | But here we are, and now that we have imperfect statistics
         | people can discount them as useless.
        
         | lostlogin wrote:
         | New Zealand had harsher lockdowns than many places, and our
         | abysmal suicide rate decreased.
         | 
         | The excess deaths is a negative, so policies saved lives.
         | Possibly the crudest measure of good governance that exists.
         | 
         | https://coronialservices.justice.govt.nz/assets/Uploads/Chie...
         | 
         | https://www.newshub.co.nz/home/new-zealand/2021/04/coronavir...
        
         | dehrmann wrote:
         | Don't forget people that delayed treatment for things like
         | semi-urgent heart issues out of fear of covid (or who couldn't
         | get treatment because hospitals were filled with covid
         | patients).
         | 
         | > Also in terms of human years lost, the lockdowns are far more
         | damaging at this point
         | 
         | It's hard to calculate because of long covid, but there is a
         | point where in aggregate, restrictions have cost more time than
         | lost time from premature deaths.
        
         | yosito wrote:
         | > I'll be honest, having spent time reviewing the data for the
         | better part of two years
         | 
         | I'll be honest, having spent time reviewing your comment for
         | the better part of two minutes, I'm very skeptical of your
         | conclusions. You seem to have started with the assumptions that
         | lockdowns are more damaging than COVID, and then cherry picked
         | the data you've reviewed to fit that.
         | 
         | My personal opinion is that lockdowns were a reasonable public
         | health measure to deploy in 2020 when other public health
         | measures were unavailable, and not enough was known about the
         | risk and dynamics of the virus. The evidence of their
         | effectiveness seems to be mixed. And (my personal opinion
         | again), they aren't the right public health measure for
         | 2021/2022. But to say lockdowns were "far more damaging" than
         | COVID, or even came close to the direct harm from COVID simply
         | isn't supported by the data.
        
         | Zigurd wrote:
         | It's not suicides: https://www.statnews.com/2021/11/16/the-
         | pandemic-didnt-incre...
        
           | lettergram wrote:
           | I'll wait until the full report. Preliminary reports are
           | often inaccurate.
           | 
           | For what it's worth:
           | 
           | > Emergency room visits for suspected suicide attempts among
           | girls between the ages of 12 and 17 increased by 26% during
           | summer 2020 and by 50% during winter 2021, compared with the
           | same periods in 2019, researchers from the U.S. Centers for
           | Disease Control and Prevention found. However, ER trips
           | related to suspected suicide attempts among boys that same
           | age and young adults aged 18 to 25 remained stable during the
           | pandemic.
           | 
           | https://www.usnews.com/news/health-
           | news/articles/2021-06-11/...
        
             | Zigurd wrote:
             | Actually, you did not wait.
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | cortesoft wrote:
             | So you say you will wait for the full report, because
             | preliminary reports are often inaccurate, but then post a
             | different preliminary report?
        
             | Kranar wrote:
             | So preliminary reports are inaccurate when they disagree
             | with your viewpoint, but you had no problem claiming that
             | actual suicides went up by 50% because over the course of 4
             | months, a preliminary report showed that suspected suicide
             | attempts among girls aged 12 to 17 increased by 50%...
        
               | civilized wrote:
               | I've never seen such extreme bias and extreme confidence
               | in one place on HN.
        
             | civilized wrote:
             | You seem to be citing reports vaguely related to the
             | possibility of increased suicides as "50% increase in
             | suicide" while downplaying reports suggesting the opposite
             | as unreliable. Is this extreme bias intentional or
             | something you stand by?
        
             | Animats wrote:
             | Suicide _attempts_ by teenage girls are up. Successful
             | suicides are not.[1] Actual suicide rate is about 5.5 per
             | 100,000 population per year. US COVID deaths are around 250
             | per 100,000 population per year. Overall US suicide rate is
             | about 16 per 100,000 population per year.
             | 
             | [1] https://www.usnews.com/news/health-
             | news/articles/2021-06-11/...
        
         | kozd wrote:
         | Citation on suicide rates increasing 50%?
        
           | lettergram wrote:
           | > Emergency room visits for suspected suicide attempts among
           | girls between the ages of 12 and 17 increased by 26% during
           | summer 2020 and by 50% during winter 2021, compared with the
           | same periods in 2019, researchers from the U.S. Centers for
           | Disease Control and Prevention found. However, ER trips
           | related to suspected suicide attempts among boys that same
           | age and young adults aged 18 to 25 remained stable during the
           | pandemic.
           | 
           | > The researchers noted a 31% increase in the proportion of
           | mental health-related emergency department visits that
           | occurred among teenagers in 2020, compared with the year
           | before.
           | 
           | https://www.usnews.com/news/health-
           | news/articles/2021-06-11/...
           | 
           | Now, is it accurate? I'm not sure. Do those result in deaths?
           | I'm also not sure, it might be reduced deaths due to more
           | people home. I honestly have no idea.
        
             | Kranar wrote:
             | If you have no idea then don't make such a bold and
             | unqualified claim.
        
             | xenocratus wrote:
             | .... So you just stated the highest number you saw, that
             | applied to a small chunk of the population, for a limited
             | timeframe, only for ER visits, as "the increase in
             | suicides" (with no extra qualifiers)?
        
             | woodruffw wrote:
             | It's worth noting that both adolescent boys and girls make
             | up a minority of overall suicide attempts (and actual
             | deaths by suicide)[1]. Most actual suicides are by middle-
             | aged men.
             | 
             | Rises in adolescent harm are deeply concerning, and are
             | undoubtedly partially attributable to the stresses of the
             | last 18 months. But they aren't a statistical driver, and
             | CDC statistics actually show a _decrease_ in the number of
             | suicides in 2020[2]. And that 's probably for the reason
             | you mentioned: more bodies under the same roof means that
             | it's harder for people to take their lives.
             | 
             | So to summarize: fewer people died by suicide in 2020 than
             | did in 2019, and we can't extrapolate overall suicide
             | trends from just adolescents.
             | 
             | [1]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suicide_in_the_United_St
             | ates#/...
             | 
             | [2]: https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/vsrr/VSRR016.pdf
        
         | 542458 wrote:
         | > increased the rates of suicides (50%)
         | 
         | Do you have a source for this? I just looked this up, and
         | evidence for any sort of lockdown->suicide link seems very
         | mixed (many places saw a decrease in suicides). The only places
         | I'm seeing +50% is among specific populations in specific
         | locations.
         | 
         | https://www.bmj.com/content/372/bmj.n834
        
           | jeffbee wrote:
           | There's no data for that because it's a completely fabricated
           | lie. Suicides in 2020 were lower than in 2019 in the U.S.A.
           | 
           | """The provisional number of suicides in 2020 (45,855) was 3%
           | lower than in 2019 (47,511). The provisional age-adjusted
           | suicide rate was also 3% lower in 2020 (13.5 per 100,000)
           | than in 2019 (13.9)"""
           | 
           | https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/vsrr/VSRR016.pdf
        
         | Brakenshire wrote:
         | I doubt most of the countries with much higher excess deaths
         | had strict lockdowns which extended for long periods of time.
         | Russia for example had one six week lockdown in March 2020 and
         | then held the economy open for the next 18 months, but you can
         | see through that period consistent high levels of excess
         | mortality.
         | 
         | This idea that lockdowns caused spikes in non-Covid deaths
         | seems highly dubious to me. From what I've seen it's actually
         | the other way round, for instance deaths from influenza, or
         | from accidents, are reduced during those periods.
        
         | ggrrhh_ta wrote:
         | Almost every country keeps a record of the actual cause of
         | death - the data for month X is usually delayed 2-3 months.
         | Excess deaths are just a summary of the official statistics.
         | 
         | The reason excess deaths are important because they are
         | computed from the total number of deaths in a period (again, if
         | you look at month X, the consolidated numbers are usually
         | stable at month X + 2/3 months) which in turn just match with
         | the number of death certificates issued by an enormous number
         | small independent administrative authorities, so they cannot be
         | easily manipulated by state actors, so they can shut up
         | FUD'ers.
        
           | lettergram wrote:
           | I have a couple family members working / managing a hospital
           | location for elective surgeries. On an anecdotal level they
           | noticed it enough to make several pleas to the administration
           | to open elective surgeries again.
           | 
           | I think it's easy to misconstrue data and we should be
           | cognizant of the fact there are multiple factors. I fully
           | believe covid19 is contributing to deaths, but at the same
           | time, it's by no means the only factor.
           | 
           | Here's a simple exercise. It's believed COVID19 was on the
           | loose in the US as early as 2019.
           | 
           | https://www.mercurynews.com/2021/06/15/evidence-suggests-
           | cov...
           | 
           | Is it definitive no, but look at when the deaths start. It
           | happens just after the lockdowns are announced -- April 4th
           | is the first week with excess deaths.
           | 
           | https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nvss/vsrr/covid19/excess_deaths.htm
           | 
           | That's two to four weeks after the lockdowns got into full
           | swing. That also happens to coincide with stories of nursing
           | homes being abandoned
           | 
           | https://www.washingtonpost.com/nation/2020/04/09/california-.
           | ..
        
             | ggrrhh_ta wrote:
             | You do know that there are more than 25 countries in Europe
             | each implementing different lockdowns at different levels
             | of severity at different stages of the COVID, with some
             | countries practically doing no lockdown (like Sweden),
             | whose statistics are collected and aggregated from many
             | tens of thousands of administrative units. Also, deaths
             | from COVID are at least 1 month delayed from infection. As
             | every country wanted to avoid the political cost of an
             | early lockdown, most were delayed until it was unavoidable,
             | so, obviously, cases and deaths increased during the
             | beginning of the lockdown periods.
             | 
             | On top of that, lockdowns were not (except in some cities,
             | at the very beginning) really strict. People could go out
             | for grocery shopping, to walk out the dog, to go to and
             | from the work place (even crossing country borders), and
             | there were exceptions to people with certain medical
             | conditions (disabled, kids with disabilities, etc.) and
             | people accompanying them.
        
         | csomar wrote:
         | > I'll be honest, having spent time reviewing the data for the
         | better part of two years ... I don't know if anything can be
         | obtained from excess deaths.
         | 
         | How come? Excess deaths doesn't point fingers to death from a
         | coronavirus infection but rather to death from the COVID
         | situation as a whole.
         | 
         | The lock down also reduced deaths related to car and workplace
         | accidents.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | axiosgunnar wrote:
           | Everything negative about the Covid situation, apart from the
           | virus itself, was self-inflicted.
        
             | nabla9 wrote:
             | Exactly. This map shows how countries managed the situation
             | overall.
             | 
             | Very good map.
        
         | kayodelycaon wrote:
         | In 2019, the US had 47,511 deaths from suicide and 28,000 from
         | flu. In 2020, the US had 377,883 deaths from COVID.
         | 
         | You're looking at an order of magnitudes more deaths. And
         | that's before you add in deaths from hospitals being overloaded
         | from COVID.
         | 
         | https://afsp.org/suicide-statistics/
         | 
         | https://www.cdc.gov/flu/about/burden/2018-2019.html
         | 
         | https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/70/wr/mm7014e1.htm
         | 
         | According to the New York Times, we're up to 52,244,696
         | reported cases and 814,970 deaths total so far.
         | 
         | https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2021/us/covid-cases.html
         | 
         | In 2019: 2,854,838 people died in the United States.
         | 
         | https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/deaths.htm
        
           | lettergram wrote:
           | I've already mentioned I don't buy those numbers explicitly.
           | Deaths are almost always obese elderly with multiple
           | conditions. Covid is definitely a factor, how much -- who
           | knows!
           | 
           | I was merely pointing out the fact the raw death figures are
           | convoluted. It's hard to tell.
           | 
           | Overdoses are up 50k
           | 
           | > The new data documents that estimated overdose deaths from
           | opioids increased to 75,673 in the 12-month period ending in
           | April 2021, up from 56,064 the year before.
           | 
           | https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/pressroom/nchs_press_releases/2021/.
           | ..
           | 
           | Car accidents are probably down, etc
           | 
           | My point is a convoluted number doesn't tell you what to do.
        
             | woodruffw wrote:
             | Fatal overdoses are up 19k, not 50k[1]. And car fatalities
             | are also up, not down, as discussed extensively in other
             | threads.
             | 
             | [1]: https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/pressroom/nchs_press_releases
             | /2021/...
        
           | enchiridion wrote:
           | I appreciate the sources, but the way you presented this is
           | biased.
           | 
           | To make it complete you should also post the total deaths and
           | suicides for 2020.
        
           | miketery wrote:
           | Not a fair comparison. Years saved should be looked at.
           | Elderly dying from covid is not the same as suicide at 25.
        
             | lordnacho wrote:
             | Indeed, it would be interesting to see an excess healthy
             | years lost statistic.
        
         | whatever1 wrote:
        
         | deanCommie wrote:
         | Do you believe - given all the available information and data -
         | that the lockdowns have caused more harm than good in terms of
         | total human life.
         | 
         | That is - if we never had lockdowns, that the death toll from
         | rampant COVID spreading through the population would have been
         | lower than the hypothetical lockdown-triggered death toll
         | (extra suicides, drug OD's, and elderly loneliness deaths).
        
           | umvi wrote:
           | Good luck coming up with a good way to measure "harm" caused
           | by lockdowns.
           | 
           | As a thought experiment:
           | 
           | Say you have a button. If you push it then it saves the lives
           | of 100 people that would have had a heart attack. However, it
           | gives 1000 people random mental health problems from
           | depression to anxiety to addictions. Do you push the button?
           | 
           | Or say you have another button. If you push it then it saves
           | the lives of 100 people that would have had a heart attack.
           | However, it financially cripples 1000 people (causes people
           | to lose jobs, businesses, etc.). Do you push the button?
           | 
           | How to you balance "death" against other kinds of harms?
        
         | Spooky23 wrote:
         | I spent most of 2020 working on reporting systems for this
         | topic.
         | 
         | Alot of other problems got worse because COVID as you had
         | "supply chain" problems with everything from health
         | practitioner availability to hospital availability to actual
         | product availability.
         | 
         | If you were in a place where the hospital is full and you have
         | a stroke or a heart attack, there's an elevated risk that
         | you're going to die in the ER. If you are stabilized in the ER
         | and need ICU or other specialty care... there's an elevated
         | risk that you're gonna die because you're stuck in a triage
         | cart in the ER without adequate medical attention.
         | 
         | It's a hard policy problem. Everything is fine, until it isn't.
         | Hitting various resource constraints create cascading
         | situations that kill people.
        
       | setgree wrote:
       | Code and data here
       | https://github.com/TheEconomist/covid-19-excess-deaths-track...
       | 
       | Really nice to see a 'legacy' publication embrace open source
        
         | alisonatwork wrote:
         | It's not so unusual. See...
         | 
         | https://github.com/abcnews
         | 
         | https://github.com/BBC
         | 
         | https://github.com/guardian
         | 
         | https://github.com/nytimes
         | 
         | And so on...
        
       | jedberg wrote:
       | What's interesting about this is that it doesn't look like it
       | accounts for the expected reduction in deaths due to lockdown --
       | a lot of people die in car accidents every year, and at least
       | early on in the pandemic, miles traveled was reduced by nearly
       | 90%, and car accidents went way down, and even further down when
       | you consider it was impossible to drive home drunk from a bar.
       | 
       | Which means the excess deaths would be even higher than shown
       | here, at least early on.
       | 
       | EDIT: Looks like I am wrong. Below someone links to a report
       | showing that traffic fatalities actually went up because the
       | people still on the road were more risky. I was basing my
       | statement on estimates made in early 2020.
        
         | StephenJGL wrote:
         | It's possible that lockdown didn't reduce deaths. Excess deaths
         | is a tricky stat because it contains so much underlying
         | confounding inputs that all you know is that more people died
         | than what you expected based on historical averages and that is
         | --all-- you can get from it reliably.
        
           | cm2187 wrote:
           | Yeah I would look for "medical" deaths (as opposed to crime,
           | suicides and accidents) as the metric to compare to covid
           | deaths. Not sure if that data is widely available.
           | 
           | The other thing to add to the mix of ups and downs is that
           | the demographic of covid deaths is overly people with a short
           | life expectancy so I would expect 2021 excess deaths to be
           | reduced by the 2020 covid deaths that would have died in 2021
           | otherwise.
        
             | 8ytecoder wrote:
             | I agree with this. I think that would be a measure of the
             | direct impact and as long as it also factors in all types
             | of medical deaths. I personally know people who died
             | waiting for a hospital bed for completely unrelated stuff.
        
           | lostlogin wrote:
           | But what about places where less people died than normal?
        
         | ajsnigrutin wrote:
         | I'm sure there were more overdoses and suicides due to the
         | lockdowns too.
        
           | samspenc wrote:
           | And there were indeed more of both:
           | 
           | https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/health/2021/11/17/overdo.
           | ..
           | 
           | https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-06-11/teen-
           | suic...
        
             | woodruffw wrote:
             | There were more overdoses, but fewer suicides. Your second
             | link references _teen suicide attempts_ , which are neither
             | representative of the overall suicidal demographic nor
             | reflect _actual_ suicide rates.
        
               | priansh wrote:
               | Suicide rates are tricky since mental health can have
               | long lasting issues and the societal changes from
               | lockdown will have even longer term effects. How do you
               | attribute a suicide 2 years from now to depression that
               | started during COVID? It's going to be interesting seeing
               | how the psychology field approaches this.
        
               | HWR_14 wrote:
               | While that's true, a solid chunk (1/3) of suicides are
               | based on pretty short cycles. That's why preventing a
               | suicide is so valuable - 1/3 people you prevent are no
               | more likely to attempt suicide again than a random person
               | on the street. And that's without any psychological
               | intervention. With therapy, that number gets even higher.
        
               | woodruffw wrote:
               | This is indeed an open question, and it's one we're going
               | to need to address over the expected lifetimes of every
               | single person who's living through COVID. We'll also need
               | to address it for COVID "long-haulers," given that
               | individuals with severely diminished qualities of life
               | are a high-risk suicide group.
        
             | lostlogin wrote:
             | Not in New Zealand - our suicide rate went down.
             | 
             | https://coronialservices.justice.govt.nz/assets/Uploads/Chi
             | e...
        
           | IAmGraydon wrote:
           | You're getting downvoted because you appear to be guessing,
           | even though you're right...suicides and overdoses did indeed
           | go up.
        
             | woodruffw wrote:
             | As I cited elsewhere in the thread: suicides went down in
             | 2020, not up[1].
             | 
             | Drug overdose deaths are indeed up[2]. But they're an order
             | of magnitude below COVID deaths, even before adjusting for
             | undercounting.
             | 
             | [1]: https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/vsrr/VSRR016.pdf
             | 
             | [2]: https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/pressroom/nchs_press_releases
             | /2021/...
        
               | DyslexicAtheist wrote:
               | ending it with an overdose does sound like a very
               | accessible and "clean" method to end life if you're
               | either an addict or even for non addicts who have access
               | to hard drugs. And how many of those who are addicts
               | engage in _" suicidal ideation"_. Is a an addict that
               | ends themselves statistically counted as a drug casualty
               | and at what point do we see them as just another human
               | being that decided to end their life. For all we know the
               | drug might have been the only reason that kept them from
               | not committing suicide much sooner (and while sober).
               | 
               | it seems an odd line to draw IMO
        
               | disambiguation wrote:
               | I wonder what the median age for overdose deaths are
               | compared to covid deaths.
        
               | woodruffw wrote:
               | I don't know how recent these numbers are, but the 25-44
               | and 45-54 male demographics are apparently over-
               | represented in overdose deaths[1].
               | 
               | It's similarly hard to find up-to-date median age
               | statistics for COVID deaths (and this is particularly
               | troublesome, since the median age for COVID deaths should
               | intuitively decrease over time), but the primary
               | demographic seems to be >65 in most developed
               | countries[2]. Interestingly, from that same source, it's
               | lower in developing and undeveloped countries.
               | 
               | [1]: https://www.projectknow.com/discover/the-age-of-
               | overdose/
               | 
               | [2]: https://blogs.worldbank.org/developmenttalk/too-
               | young-die-ag...
        
         | woodruffw wrote:
         | That's a scary compounding factor that I hadn't even
         | considered. Thanks for bringing that up.
        
           | tbihl wrote:
           | In the US, traffic fatalities went up in 2020. The typical
           | congestion of dangerous stroads has a calming effect on
           | speeds, and that was absent with the enormous drop in
           | traffic.
        
             | woodruffw wrote:
             | Thanks for correcting me. That's certainly counterintuitive
             | on first blush, but does make sense and is consistent with
             | my and others' experiences cycling in NYC in 2020/1: more
             | aggressive driving became the norm, and cyclist and
             | pedestrian deaths increased[1].
             | 
             | [1]: https://www.transalt.org/press-releases/vision-zero-
             | in-crisi...
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | pugworthy wrote:
         | I'm not sure exactly what you mean by "accidents" going way
         | down, but at least in the US, fatalities have gone up. In the
         | US, there were more traffic fatalities in 2020 since 2007.
         | 
         | See https://www.nhtsa.gov/press-releases/2020-fatality-data-
         | show... for example.
        
           | jedberg wrote:
           | Fascinating, I hadn't seen that report. What I said was based
           | on estimates made in 2020 and I never went back to check
           | otherwise. Thanks, editing my comment now.
        
           | jrwoodruff wrote:
           | That's kinda wild and really counter-intuitive. From the
           | article:
           | 
           |  _NHTSA's research suggests that throughout the national
           | public health emergency and associated lockdowns, driving
           | patterns and behaviors changed significantly, and that
           | drivers who remained on the roads engaged in more risky
           | behavior, including speeding, failing to wear seat belts, and
           | driving under the influence of drugs or alcohol._
        
             | birdyrooster wrote:
             | It was a wonderful time when you could just drive as fast
             | as you wanted without any significant repercussions. I'll
             | never forget.
        
               | AQuantized wrote:
               | Evidently that attitude is what lead to greater
               | likelihood of 'repercussions' that average.
        
               | 8ytecoder wrote:
               | People were frustrated and arguably so. I agree with
               | targeted lockdowns or even draconian lockdowns (if it
               | would stop the pandemic on its heels). But it's going to
               | frustrate people. Social psychology would say such pent
               | up frustration has to be released somewhere and we saw
               | that in the rise in domestic violence, car accidents and
               | crime. (I'm not trying to justify it. It's the way it is.
               | Next time we have a pandemic may be we'll also factor in
               | these indirect variables in decide the scope and
               | duration).
        
               | temp0826 wrote:
               | Great time to set some records too apparently!
               | 
               | https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/cannonball-coast-
               | coast-...
        
               | rootusrootus wrote:
               | Early on in the pandemic when roads were fairly empty,
               | the local cops operating the speed traps wouldn't pull
               | anyone over -- they'd just stand on the side of the road
               | waving at you and making 'slow down' hand signals.
               | Glorious indeed...
        
             | klyrs wrote:
             | I can see a few things driving this. First, I think that
             | pretty much everybody was under more stress in that period
             | -- anybody on the road would be less patient and less
             | generous / more aggressive. Second, there's some sampling
             | bias -- the people on the road would be either essential
             | workers (underpaid, overworked, even more stressed) or
             | oversampled from a risk-tolerant subset of the population
             | (more inclined to see an open road as an opportunity to
             | drive recklessly). The risk calculation of driving drunk
             | would go down with emptier roads, too.
             | 
             | I think it's counterintuitive unless you account for the
             | fact that it's intuitive to think that the roads will be
             | empty, which should impact people's behavior. I don't think
             | I would have bet either way, but post-facto justification
             | seems pretty tidy.
        
           | hoppyhoppy2 wrote:
           | A recent article and HN discussion on that topic:
           | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=29492129
        
       | dharmatva wrote:
       | I like how this tracker doesn't talk much about India or China at
       | all (even though there were 2.3m deaths due to COVID there
       | according to the Economist).
       | 
       | Interestingly, they do talk about Japan, South Korea, etc.
        
       | mcculley wrote:
       | I built some tooling around the U.S. CDC data to better
       | understand this at a state level:
       | https://mcculley.github.io/VisualizingObservedDeaths/
        
         | dkn775 wrote:
         | What did you use to make this website? I like it a lot.
        
       | ajsnigrutin wrote:
       | Why are the negative numbers not colored on a scale too?
       | 
       | Do many deaths in the winter mean less deaths during the summer?
       | I don't know, i have to hover the mouse over the months and
       | guesstimate.
        
       | rufus_foreman wrote:
       | Obligatory XKCD: https://xkcd.com/2560/
        
       | opless wrote:
       | Paywall
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | acqbu wrote:
         | https://12ft.io/proxy?q=https://www.economist.com/graphic-de...
        
         | Zigurd wrote:
         | I'm not seeing a paywall for the main article link. There is a
         | link in the article that goes to another paywalled article. But
         | I can see the posted article just fine, though I am not a
         | subscriber.
        
           | olivermarks wrote:
           | This tells you everything you need to know, same thing
           | happens with the FT & wsj if it's an article they want
           | everyone to read....
        
       | kesor wrote:
       | Can someone explain how they come up with the "expected deaths"
       | number? The article doesn't explain how this number is calculated
       | or which assumptions were made to come up with the number. Is
       | this a moving average of earlier years? Does it compensate for
       | the increase or decrease in demographics? What other aspects go
       | into this "expectation" that might be relevant?
        
         | mcculley wrote:
         | I wondered the same thing. This is why I built some tooling
         | around visualizing the body count:
         | https://mcculley.github.io/VisualizingObservedDeaths/
         | 
         | It turns out that in many places there is a very clear
         | difference between 2017-2019 versus 2020-2021. There is no way
         | the population increased enough to account for the extra
         | deaths.
        
         | AnimalMuppet wrote:
         | Can I explain what _they_ did? No. Can I give an idea of how to
         | do it? I think so.
         | 
         | Way back in the day, one of the tables in the CRC Handbook was
         | the "American Experience Actuarial Table". It said, for every
         | age from 1 (or 0?) to 100, what fraction of people of that age
         | one would statistically expect to die in America. You take a
         | modern version of that data for the country in question,
         | (perhaps per gender, which IIRC the CRC table did not account
         | for) and throw it at the age distribution in that country. That
         | gives you a fair idea what to expect.
         | 
         | In doing so, you assume that the racial profile of the
         | population didn't change much in that two-year span (or if it
         | did, that it did so according to previous trends), unless you
         | have actual data saying otherwise.
         | 
         | Is it perfect? No. But it's fairly reasonable.
         | 
         | Again, note my opening disclaimer: I don't know that this is
         | how _this_ study did it.
        
         | NickNameNick wrote:
         | Its there at the bottom:
         | 
         | >A previous version of this page used a five-year average of
         | deaths in a given region to calculate a baseline for excess
         | deaths. The page now uses a statistical model for each region,
         | which predicts the number of deaths we might normally have
         | expected in 2020. The model fits a linear trend to years, to
         | adjust from long-term increases or decreases in deaths, and a
         | fixed effect for each week or month.
        
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       (page generated 2021-12-27 23:01 UTC)