[HN Gopher] Children develop robust and sustained cross-reactive...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Children develop robust and sustained cross-reactive immunity after
       Covid
        
       Author : malchow
       Score  : 146 points
       Date   : 2021-12-24 16:22 UTC (6 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.nature.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.nature.com)
        
       | rsfern wrote:
       | So one of the main conclusions is that SARS-CoV-2 in children
       | produces antibody responses to all the other human coronaviruses
       | (this happens in adults too, but the effect is stronger in
       | children)
       | 
       | In the discussion section they speculate that maybe recent
       | infection with these other coronaviruses could give some level of
       | protection against SARS-CoV-2, and that this could possibly
       | explain some of the unusual-ness of the age-severity
       | relationship, I.e. that very young children are not hit as hard
       | by SARS-CoV-2 as by other diseases like the flu (relatively).
       | That would be really interesting to see investigated carefully
        
       | mikeyouse wrote:
       | Finally some glimmers of hope in moving past Covid.. if Omicron
       | continues on its current track of highly infectious but less
       | serious --- and infection confers reactive immunity to a variety
       | of strains, we could be closer to the endemic but manageable end
       | game. Good vaccines + mild severity illness are basically the
       | best case.
       | 
       | What a stroke of luck that we are here vs a more infectious
       | strain of Delta or some other nightmare that would keep this
       | rolling.
        
         | lamontcg wrote:
         | Omicron's lower hospitalization rate is likely just due to
         | vaccination and recovery from infection with Delta. Delta was
         | transmissible enough to complete the vaccination program.
         | 
         | Given that Omicron has higher viral loads, shorter serial
         | interval and shorter incubation period than Delta, it is much
         | more likely that Omicron is more intrinsically virulent as well
         | and would be worse if you dropped it on a totally naive
         | population in the summer of 2019. The current population,
         | however, is longer immunologically naive, and I think that
         | researchers are underestimating the existing seroprevalence.
         | 
         | At the same time if there's still pockets of entirely
         | unexposed/unvaccinated people out there in rural areas or
         | something, Omicron will likely find them since it seems to
         | largely ignore unboosted Nabs to prior infection or
         | vaccination. Kids in colleges will be taking Omicron home for
         | Christmas to rural families right about now and a few weeks
         | from now we should find out how many seronegative people are
         | left.
         | 
         | If it Omicron fizzles though it is going to just be that Delta
         | didn't leave anyone immune naive in its wake.
        
         | DanBC wrote:
         | > a more infectious strain of Delta
         | 
         | What? Omicron is a more infectious version of Delta.
         | 
         | Omicron causes the same number of deaths and hospitalisations
         | and long covid as delta. It just also infects a lot more people
         | more easily, and those people are at low risk and push the CFR
         | down.
        
           | rsfern wrote:
           | As the data becomes more available from South Africa, the UK,
           | and Denmark, it's starting to look like Omicron is a more
           | infectious version of the wild type, maybe 40% less virulent
           | than Delta, at least in terms of putting people in the
           | hospital.
           | 
           | There's still not enough data to conclude about mortality.
           | 
           | The good news is that prior immunity seems to confer a large
           | degree of protection from severe illness still
           | 
           | https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/YBB9yZNJuz5j8hLdP/omicron-
           | po...
        
           | oh_sigh wrote:
           | Omicron isn't a version of Delta.
        
         | Amezarak wrote:
         | The question ever since it became clear that this coronavirus
         | was endemic has been what a "manageable end game" is: that is,
         | what level of risk and mortality are we prepared to accept,
         | given that deaths from Covid will never be zero.
         | 
         | This is, in my opinion, the primary underlying disagreement.
         | Some people think that no amount of deaths from Covid is
         | acceptable. Some people believe that even the peak pandemic
         | mortality is acceptable. And others fall somewhere in between,
         | by, for example, focusing on hospital capacity. I don't think
         | there is any long-term solution to Covid as a social issue,
         | something we talk about and can't move past, until some kind of
         | consensus is reached on this.
        
           | epgui wrote:
           | And from my point of view as someone in the field, arguments
           | on either side are almost always based on an intuitive gut
           | feeling about morality.
           | 
           | Very few people actually try to wrangle with putting numbers
           | on the cost (in dollars) of a human life, or the economic
           | burden of disease. There are no right or wrong numbers, but
           | only if you begin there can you say you're rationally
           | considering the economic or political tradeoffs.
           | 
           | Edit: and deaths could absolutely reach zero. If we threw
           | everything and the kitchen sink at the problem, we would
           | eradicate it in absolutely no time. The underlying question
           | is the same here, namely whether the cost of eradicating the
           | disease would be larger or smaller than what we would gain
           | from doing it.
        
             | ummonk wrote:
             | I think you overestimate our ability to "eradicate it in
             | absolutely no time". Eliminating it from both human and
             | animal reservoirs (and permanently quarantining any
             | immunocompromised carriers) worldwide would be a long and
             | arduous process.
        
               | epgui wrote:
               | You make a great point about animal reservoirs, but the
               | transmission bandwidth between humans and animals is
               | afaik much lower than between humans. If you accept this
               | assumption, and if we also assume that we really wanted
               | to eradicate this thing, we could limit human
               | transmission such as to reduce Rt well below 1 by
               | implementing well-coordinated and strict policies.
               | 
               | Then you're left with the "leaky bucket" of transmission
               | between humans and animals... But this is a known
               | vulnerable point which could be monitored effectively and
               | very cheaply.
        
               | nradov wrote:
               | This is completely unrealistic. Effective continuous
               | monitoring for animal to human transmission would never
               | be cheap. In much of the developing world it's not even
               | remotely feasible. Have you ever been to places like
               | rural Mexico?
               | 
               | The virus is here to stay. Eradication is a total
               | fantasy, just a distraction and waste of time.
        
               | retrac wrote:
               | Here in Canada, we've been trying to eradicate rabies
               | from the wild for half a century or so now. There are
               | orally-active rabies vaccines we litter the landscape
               | with in edible treat format. We cull rabid animals and
               | quarantine or cull their known animal contacts. It's
               | common knowledge that exposure to possible vectors means
               | you need to go to the hospital. Tens of thousands of
               | people are treated preventatively each year.
               | 
               | Despite all this, human cases of rabies still happen.
               | Fortunately it's rather hard to spread rabies between
               | humans and it's symptomatic by the time it becomes
               | infectious. In the case of an easily airborne virus even
               | with such measures available like vaccination and
               | prophylaxis for possible exposure, it seems daunting to
               | the point of impossible even in a very wealthy country.
               | In the developing world it would be certainly hopeless.
        
               | epgui wrote:
               | Yeah, eradication of a disease _in the wild_ is a whole
               | other matter. But so rabies also is another matter. Cases
               | are relatively rare here (hello, fellow Canadian!), and
               | surveillance is relatively good for the little burden of
               | disease it brings.
               | 
               | https://www.canada.ca/en/public-
               | health/services/diseases/rab...
               | 
               | Genetic surveillance is just around the corner, and will
               | soon be / is now within reach even of developing
               | countries, with solutions like Oxford Nanopore's ultra-
               | portable sequencers.
               | 
               | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6RRSxWtJPUw
        
             | bcrosby95 wrote:
             | Depending upon the specific agency, agencies in the USA
             | value a statistical life at anywhere from $7-$10 million.
        
               | epgui wrote:
               | As a Canadian, I usually use the US DoT numbers (in the
               | same ballpark as what you said) for my mental maths. A
               | couple extra things to consider:
               | 
               | - what's the date on these figures?
               | 
               | - can we extrapolate this to other countries?
               | 
               | - are these figures generally accepted, or are they
               | controversial?
               | 
               | - how do you account for age, sex (differences in life
               | expectancy, child bearing capacity, etc), education level
               | or professional skill, etc?
        
               | novok wrote:
               | Ironically enough, I think the data set comes from
               | lawsuits that determine all of those conditions. A
               | surgeon for example with all of their future surgeon
               | income ruined by a bad car accident + medical care can be
               | around $30 million, while someone who is relatively old
               | with no chances of future income + medical care would
               | typically get less AFAIK. It probably averages out to
               | that $7-10 million figure.
        
           | standardUser wrote:
           | The primary concern form day one has been the capacity of our
           | healthcare systems. "Peak pandemic mortality" includes scores
           | of people dying from unrelated illness due to lack of care.
           | Does anyone truly think its acceptable to let people die in
           | ambulances outside of hospitals because a highly contagious
           | disease filled all the hospital beds and medical staff is too
           | fatigued to work? Maybe people with a political axe to grind
           | pretend to think that.
        
             | DrHilarius wrote:
             | > _The primary concern from day one has been the capacity
             | of our healthcare systems._
             | 
             | This is clearly not the case for the vast swaths of our
             | public health institutions who have supported and eagerly
             | carried out mass terminations of healthcare workers who
             | refuse the Covid vaccines.
        
             | lotsofpulp wrote:
             | > Does anyone truly think its acceptable to let people die
             | in ambulances outside of hospitals because a highly
             | contagious disease filled all the hospital beds and medical
             | staff is too fatigued to work? Maybe people with a
             | political axe to grind pretend to think that.
             | 
             | Given widespread availability of vaccines, I think it is
             | acceptable to turn away any non vaccinated people without
             | medical exemptions to preserve hospital capacity.
        
               | nradov wrote:
               | In the US, hospitals aren't legally allowed to turn away
               | non vaccinated people due to EMTALA. Also note that there
               | is no 100% reliable way for hospitals to determine a
               | particular patient's vaccination status.
               | 
               | https://www.cms.gov/Regulations-and-
               | Guidance/Legislation/EMT...
        
               | kaczordon wrote:
               | Regardless of the legality of turning people away the
               | commenter you're responding to sounds pretty heartless.
        
               | brippalcharrid wrote:
               | When you say "unvaccinated" here are you using the
               | currently-accepted official definition which includes
               | people that have received a COVID-19 EUA
               | vaccination/booster within the last 14 days? Do you think
               | that this would be likely to make people that were were
               | concerned about side-effects from the vaccines more or
               | less likely to get vaccinated?
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | mythrwy wrote:
               | Would you also be of the opinion that, due to the
               | widespread availability of healthy food options and
               | Richard Simmons exercise videos it's acceptable to turn
               | away the overweight to preserve hospital capacity?
        
               | logifail wrote:
               | > Given widespread availability of vaccines, I think it
               | is acceptable to turn away any non vaccinated people
               | without medical exemptions to preserve hospital capacity.
               | 
               | Person A is "fully vaccinated", last dose five months
               | ago, hasn't taken a Covid test since.
               | 
               | Person B is unvaccinated, but had a PCR test yesterday
               | and is negative for Covid19.
               | 
               | Let's say you're clinically vulnerable, which of A or B
               | would you rather sit next to during a meal?
        
               | smugglerFlynn wrote:
               | Will it be you turning these people away?
               | 
               | Always puzzles me to see people suggesting all these
               | "just let them die" silver bullet algorithms.
        
               | novok wrote:
               | It wouldn't be explicit turning away, but if your in a
               | triage situation, most doctors and medical systems will
               | focus on the most time serious and the people they are
               | most able to save if they have limited capacity. And if
               | your not vaccinated, the ability to save you will be less
               | than the vaccinated and the people with other acute
               | medical issues that are not COVID. That is what will
               | happen in practice in such a regime.
        
             | guimplen wrote:
             | I think the real problem is that in most countries the
             | healthcare system was "optimized" to such extent that even
             | seasonal flu was almost clogging it every year. And now
             | SURPRISE, any disease, even a tad bit more deadly and
             | contagious than the seasonal flu would make it collapse.
             | TOTALLY UNEXPECTED.
        
               | DrHilarius wrote:
               | As always, the standard gimmick of neoliberalism is to
               | pin the blame for the collateral damage of its policies
               | on the relatively powerless people who refuse its self-
               | serving "solutions."
        
               | xyzzyz wrote:
               | Which non-"neoliberal" (whatever that means) country had
               | plenty excess hospital capacity to handle peak Covid case
               | counts?
        
               | Maarten88 wrote:
               | Cuba?
        
             | Reichhardt wrote:
             | From examining Swedish death spike data, you can see that
             | viruses like COVID occur about once a decade, the last
             | being Swine Flu in 2009:
             | 
             | https://swprs.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/sweden-
             | monthly-...
             | 
             | Its just that, using Swedish data again, Western societies
             | are significantly more aged: eg. there 120,000 80-84 year
             | old men (prime COVID death territory) in 2020, vs only
             | 101,000 in 2009. Its similar in many other Western
             | countries: about 20% more elderly people, in absolute
             | numbers.
             | 
             | As such, the 'same' types of respiratory viruses will
             | simply kill more people.
             | 
             | The decisions is thus a social and political one: do we
             | lockdown and force 6-monthly vaccinations on everyone,
             | based on elderly deaths that will occur anyway simply due
             | to the baby boomer cohort entering their twilight years?
             | 
             | I think we need to just get more efficient at end-of-life
             | care, focusing on simpler treatments and comfort, as well
             | as euthanasia-on-demand for anyone over age 75.
        
               | zaat wrote:
               | I think taking a shot every six month is totally worth it
               | if that will let your grandma live two years longer.
        
               | Reichhardt wrote:
        
               | zaat wrote:
               | I'm afraid you have no more relevant knowledge in the
               | subject then I do, which means your claims shouldn't be
               | considered as an authoritative in any way, despite being
               | stated as such. I'm out of here.
        
               | Reichhardt wrote:
               | "U.S. COVID-19 Deaths in 2021 Surpass 2020 Total"
               | 
               | https://www.webmd.com/lung/news/20211122/us-covid-
               | deaths-202...
        
               | xyzzyz wrote:
               | I agree. However, the currently existing vaccines don't
               | seem to do anything at all to stop the spread, so your
               | biannual vaccination does not help grandma much.
        
               | Imnimo wrote:
               | How are you estimating what the spread would have been in
               | the absence of vaccination to draw that conclusion?
        
               | EB-Barrington wrote:
               | "Our vaccines are working exceptionally well. They
               | continue to work well for Delta with regard to severe
               | illness and death - they prevent it, but what they can't
               | do anymore is prevent transmission."
               | 
               | CDC Director Rochelle Walensky
        
               | logifail wrote:
               | It would seem fairly important to actually ask the
               | grandmas what they think about this, rather than decide
               | on their behalf.
               | 
               | The four elderly members of our immediate family are all
               | fairly adamant that the young have suffered enough, and
               | "hell, yes" they want to see their grandkids, and no,
               | they aren't asking about vaccinations and negative tests.
               | 
               | I'm minded to respect their opinions.
        
               | ifdefdebug wrote:
               | Yes, and we don't ask them either if they'd feel better
               | if we took them, we just do it for them, it's understood.
        
               | novok wrote:
               | IMO casual masking (stores, airplanes, etc) and a shot
               | every 6 months isn't the annoying part about covid, it's
               | the economic damage of lockdowns, school closures, social
               | gatherings missed, extreme isolation of the vulnerable,
               | travel not happening and the supply chain logjams it has
               | been creating everywhere as a result. You can't go to an
               | office consistently and have face to face lunches
               | coworkers with as a result.
        
             | rgrieselhuber wrote:
             | Capacity of healthcare systems shouldn't be the primary
             | concern, preventative immune defense and avoiding
             | hospitalization in the first place should be.
        
             | throwaway55421 wrote:
             | No, lots of people do actually think that, but we believe
             | that three main methods can be employed to mitigate this:
             | 
             | 1. aggressive triage based on chances and QALY remaining
             | 
             | 2. increased healthcare funding
             | 
             | 3. voluntary isolation of individuals who see lockdown as
             | being preferable to their personal coronavirus risk
             | 
             | Will it result in more deaths than February 2020? Sure. But
             | we don't have that choice because sars2 exists now.
             | 
             | We think it's better to ration healthcare and therefore
             | doom an unlucky minority, versus rationing life itself for
             | everyone (via lockdowns and restrictions) and slow killing
             | everyone.
             | 
             | As far as I can tell, most of the lockdown debate centres
             | around an erroneous idea that we can just do X, Y, Z, and
             | then immunosuppressed Harriet can rejoin the world and
             | avoid contracting coronavirus.
             | 
             | But she just can't. Even the original strain would have
             | eventually infected her with high probability unless we
             | continued to cycle lockdowns or she voluntarily isolated.
        
               | [deleted]
        
           | 2muchcoffeeman wrote:
           | I agree that in most countries this is the underlying
           | disagreement. I wonder if we thought this through at a global
           | community though.
           | 
           | Imagine if China didn't or couldn't pursue a zero covid
           | policy. What happens when the world's manufacturer closes?
           | We've already seen huge supply chain issues.
        
           | parkingrift wrote:
           | I disagree.
           | 
           | I think the endgame is clear in the US. Most states have
           | dropped all restrictions and those that haven't will suffer
           | economically and politically until they drop their
           | restrictions. The only question is how much economic and
           | political suffering individual cities and states will
           | tolerate.
           | 
           | Virginia voters threw out their entire Democrat government
           | and governor and will likely join the list of states banning
           | restrictions.
           | 
           | In the end I don't think it will be about Covid at all. One
           | by one we'll move on because the people will demand an end to
           | restrictions.
        
             | kQq9oHeAz6wLLS wrote:
             | You've been downvoted, but you're not wrong. Witness the
             | number of people who have left California.
        
               | parkingrift wrote:
               | I'm not making a values argument either way. It just
               | seems apparent that people are tired of restrictions, and
               | those people seem more likely to vote. The result in
               | Virginia was shocking and should have been a wake up call
               | to Democrats.
        
               | redis_mlc wrote:
        
               | johnchristopher wrote:
               | I wonder if people would be OK with less restrictions, no
               | vaccine mandates but perma n95 in public indoor and
               | outdoor spaces ?
               | 
               | Because whether we like it or not the virus is still
               | going to be around and kill people and saturate
               | hospitals.
               | 
               | So, to me, the question seems to be:                 will
               | living with the virus means "we don't treat covid
               | patients anymore, if you get covid, tough luck, you are
               | free to choose to wear a mask if you want, beyond that
               | don't expect anything from public authorities"
        
               | edmundsauto wrote:
               | According to a UC study last summer, there hasn't been an
               | abnormal number of people leaving California.
               | https://www.universityofcalifornia.edu/press-room/uc-
               | studies...
               | 
               | "Despite California losing a congressional seat for the
               | first time in history due to slow population growth and
               | some high-profile technology companies and billionaires
               | leaving the state, there is no evidence of an abnormal
               | increase in residents planning to move out of the state"
        
               | dbcurtis wrote:
               | Recently released (days ago) US census data disagrees.
               | Only New York had higher outmigration in absolute numbers
               | than California.
        
               | tshaddox wrote:
               | California would be expected to have the largest
               | outmigration given that it has the largest population.
        
               | zdragnar wrote:
               | "Better than New York" is damning with faint praise.
        
           | rootusrootus wrote:
           | > what level of risk and mortality are we prepared to accept
           | 
           | IMO, the rational answer to this question is 'the same risk
           | and mortality that we have already accepted from influenza.'
           | There is a lot of variability there, of course, but it is way
           | above zero in any case.
        
             | phonypc wrote:
             | That would seem to make sense if covid displaced flu
             | entirely. But flu + equivalently harmful covid is twice as
             | bad as historical flu.
        
               | eo3x0 wrote:
               | Influenza B is thought to have been made extinct recently
               | due to the pressures introduced by SARS-CoV-2
               | 
               | https://www.webmd.com/lung/news/20211025/covid-pandemic-
               | may-...
        
               | rsfern wrote:
               | Wow, webmd made it really hard to find the primary source
               | for that.
               | 
               | To be clear, they are attributing this drop off of this
               | flu strain to be likely due to pandemic mitigation
               | efforts, as well as maybe lucky timing and some specifics
               | of how this strain spreads
               | 
               | Since it doesn't seem plausible to repeat the wide scale
               | pandemic mitigation controls any time soon, I doubt we
               | can keep wiping out flu strains, but we could certainly
               | reduce the damage the flu does if we want to
               | 
               | https://www.nature.com/articles/s41579-021-00642-4
        
         | johnchristopher wrote:
         | > Good vaccines + mild severity illness are basically the best
         | case.
         | 
         | If it was a common cold or a flu ? Maybe.
         | 
         | > "Although COVID-19 has been described as a respiratory
         | syndrome, evidence supports the involvement of multiple organ
         | systems, with fibrosis, and inflammation in the lung, heart,
         | kidneys, central nervous system (CNS), liver, adrenal glands,
         | bone marrow, lymph nodes, and gastrointestinal tract. SARS-
         | CoV-2 infection has also been associated with serious
         | thrombotic complications, including strokes, pulmonary
         | embolism, and cardiac injury."
         | 
         | https://www.wsws.org/en/articles/2021/11/10/leon-n10.htm
         | 
         | Endemic we want ? Then we want yearly (or 6months it seems)
         | vaccines. And masks. And ventilation.
         | 
         | Reinfections will get more severe with age once vaccine or
         | infection elicited sera wanes.
         | 
         | > What a stroke of luck that we are here vs a more infectious
         | strain of Delta or some other nightmare that would keep this
         | rolling.
         | 
         | Omicron being the new kid on the block doesn't mean another
         | more dangerous variant isn't building itself up in a body
         | somewhere.
         | 
         | Maybe two years into the pandemic is not enough to let the
         | reality sink in that we will _never_ come back to before. Maybe
         | we need ten years but by then we 'll all be used to the new
         | normal anyway. "Learn to live with the virus", they said.
         | Indeed.
        
           | iamdamian wrote:
           | I'm not sure why we wouldn't be able to go back to normal,
           | and taking a stance that we never will strikes me as somewhat
           | defeatist.
           | 
           | I'm more of an optimist. Having a small percentage of the
           | population that's at greater risk of serious implications
           | from infection (respiratory or otherwise) is something we've
           | learned to live with before (see: the flu) without masks,
           | mandates, or dramatically rearranging the way we live.
        
             | johnchristopher wrote:
             | > I'm not sure why we wouldn't be able to go back to
             | normal,
             | 
             | There are no path back to normal unless the virus
             | disappears. We have vaccines that work for a limited time,
             | we'll soon have pills@home. It will still not be `back to
             | normal`.
             | 
             | > and taking a stance that we never will strikes me as
             | somewhat defeatist.
             | 
             | We'll also never have FTL spaceships or teleportation star
             | trek style.
             | 
             | > I'm more of an optimist. Having a small percentage of the
             | population that's at greater risk of serious implications
             | from infection (respiratory or otherwise) is something
             | we've learned to live with before (see: the flu) without
             | masks, mandates, or dramatically rearranging the way we
             | live.
             | 
             | Covid is not the flu. Hoping it'll magically turn into a
             | flu or that we can manage it like a flu is ignoring the
             | reality currently unfolding.
             | 
             | 40 years later and we still need condoms. We are not back
             | to sex as it was in the 70's. Generations of teenagers have
             | had their first time with a condom. This is what is normal
             | now.
        
           | lamontcg wrote:
           | We clearly do not have a choice about endemicity. It will be
           | endemic given that it very clearly evolves antigenically to
           | achieve escape from waning neutralizing antibodies and it has
           | animal reservoirs all over the place, including white tailed
           | deer. It was pretty easy to see eradication was off the table
           | in summer of 2020. At this point is kind of fucking stupid to
           | talk about it. Even if you could snap your fingers and make
           | it go away in humans it would just spill back from animal
           | reservoirs. You'd have to eradicate all the deer, mink and
           | every species you don't know about that has been infected
           | with it. At this point it isn't humanly possible.
           | 
           | We won't be taking precautions forever though. Reinfection
           | and vaccine breaktrhoughs will be mild. T-cells and B-cells
           | don't wane the same way Nabs does and protection against
           | severe disease and hospitalization will be durable.
           | 
           | There will be loss of protection as you age, but we already
           | have that with all the ILI illnesses and viruses that lead to
           | pneumonia and death in old people.
           | 
           | There won't be some worse virus that somehow punches through
           | T-cells, that's getting into the realm of science fiction.
           | While there's about 20 epitopes on spike that need to change
           | for the virus to escape Nabs there's a few thousand T-cell
           | epitopes that would need to change and many of those will be
           | concentrated in conserved regions of the genome that can't
           | mutate or the virus stops working.
           | 
           | And once you have a mature B-cell response your body can
           | quickly respond with NAbs to prevent the viremia that leads
           | to multiorgan infection. In fact with vaccine boosters it
           | seems we may already have this level of protection, even
           | against Omicron, and the jury is of course still out as to
           | how durable that is and it may be more durable than initial
           | shots were.
           | 
           | Once the virus completes the vaccination campaign the hard
           | way then the pandemic is over and the human race has a new
           | cold/flu virus, and we should treat it like a cold/flu virus.
           | It is also unlikely that we'll continue boosting with
           | vaccines. We're unlikely to get enough people boosting with
           | vaccines every year to make a dent in spread and boosting
           | will mostly be confined to people over 65 and those who are
           | immune compromised. We won't ever boost our way to zero
           | virus.
           | 
           | The "its just a flu" people were dead wrong in 2020, but very
           | soon they're going to be entirely right. That doesn't fit
           | neatly into the way that we carve up our society into Team
           | Blue / Team Red though so its difficult for a lot of people
           | to understand.
        
         | skocznymroczny wrote:
         | There's no moving past covid until an exit plan is announced.
         | If there isn't one, the only hope of moving past covid is
         | resistance. If people stopped rushing for the latest vaccine,
         | stopped getting tested regularly, even without symptoms, we
         | would be past covid already.
        
           | runjake wrote:
           | You're going to have to lay down the logic behind this one
           | for me. I am not getting it.
        
             | adam_arthur wrote:
             | The gist OP is getting at, though not put so eloquently, is
             | that covid is endemic and there will continue to be deaths,
             | even in a world with 100% vaccinated and boosted people.
             | 
             | So covid being "over" is really a state of mind/choice of
             | when to accept that it's endemic and drop the
             | hysterics/restrictions.
             | 
             | Omicron should be cheered as an effectively natural vaccine
             | that looks to quickly end the worst of covid, yet media
             | continues to fear monger about case counts, by and large. I
             | am seeing some articles speaking to it as beneficial
             | though.
             | 
             | The fear a lot of people have over covid is totally out of
             | proportion with the actual data, and media by and large
             | continues to stoke these fears.
        
               | zerocount wrote:
               | That was elegant and much more insightful.
        
               | bonzini wrote:
               | > Omicron should be cheered as an effectively natural
               | vaccine that looks to quickly end the worst of covid
               | 
               | In the medium term yes; in the short term, with millions
               | of unvaccinated people and a very fast exponential
               | growth, it still has potential to overflow healthcare.
        
         | hinkley wrote:
         | If infection grants more generalized immunity, doesn't that
         | mean a tailored vaccine would do the same?
        
           | nradov wrote:
           | Possibly yes.
           | 
           | https://www.defenseone.com/technology/2021/12/us-army-
           | create...
        
         | soperj wrote:
         | >What a stroke of luck that we are here vs a more infectious
         | strain of Delta or some other nightmare that would keep this
         | rolling.
         | 
         | How do we know we won't end up with that? Omicron evolved from
         | Beta, which had pretty well disappeared when Omicron sprung up.
        
           | ummonk wrote:
           | The better omicron is at spreading the more people it will
           | confer natural / hybrid immunity to, reducing the dangers of
           | a future variant.
        
             | bmitc wrote:
             | Do you have sources for that? Because isn't that exactly
             | what has not happened with all the existing variants?
        
             | soperj wrote:
             | Hopefully... the history of diseases before vaccines
             | (polio, measles, smallpox, black plague, etc) doesn't
             | exactly fill me with a lot of hope for it just becoming
             | less deadly naturally, even if there are examples (Spanish
             | flu) where they have.
        
               | lotsofpulp wrote:
               | What are the histories of the other coronaviruses? And
               | would those histories be more relevant than histories of
               | non coronaviruses?
        
               | mlcrypto wrote:
               | Common cold has a variety of coronaviruses
        
               | nradov wrote:
               | Another coronavirus probably caused a worldwide pandemic
               | starting in 1889. It killed a lot of people, but the
               | survivors gained natural immunity which gave them
               | significant protection against symptomatic reinfections.
               | The same virus HCoV-OC43 is still endemic today. This
               | seems relevant to the current pandemic.
               | 
               | https://sfamjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/
               | 175...
               | 
               | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7252012/
        
               | soperj wrote:
               | 'The evidence 1889-1890 outbreak was caused by a
               | coronavirus has been referred to as "weak" and
               | "conjectural" in an analysis of the literature'
               | 
               | Seems this theory has only gained traction in the last 2
               | years.
               | 
               | Looking into it further, case fatality rate of during the
               | 1889-90 outbreak seemed to be 0.1-0.28, much lower than
               | Covid-19 has been.
        
               | nradov wrote:
               | Our data on the 1889-90 pandemic is pretty thin. We don't
               | have any reliable records on deaths in poorer countries
               | so the error bars are quite wide.
               | 
               | A lower infection fatality rate in that previous pandemic
               | is not at all surprising. Back in 1889 elderly people
               | made up a much lower fraction of the population. And
               | there was a lower rate of co-morbid conditions such as
               | obesity, diabetes, and hypertension.
        
               | soperj wrote:
               | Sure, there have been a lot of Flu pandemics with lower
               | case fatality rates as well. Prior to this pandemic, they
               | had actually narrowed down the flu subtype:
               | 
               | "the reanalysis of seroarcheological data suggested
               | Influenza A subtype H3 (possibly the H3N8 subtype) as a
               | more likely cause for the 1889-1890 pandemic"
               | 
               | There was no thoughts that it was Coronavirus related
               | before this pandemic.
               | 
               | edit: Interestingly though, the 1889-90 pandemic was
               | thought to have originated in Bukhara, part of the
               | Russian empire at the time, which has been historically a
               | cattle raising area. H3N8 is Equine influenza virus,
               | where as HCoV-OC43 was a Bovine coronavirus.
        
               | nawgz wrote:
               | I understand this is a reoccurring theme throughout
               | history that lead to most of the endemic coronaviruses
               | today. Omicron is truly fantastic; for example look at
               | Ontario's case count vs ICU count. Omicron has completely
               | decoupled those graphs.
        
               | maxerickson wrote:
               | It's not really clear whether that is because it is less
               | severe or if it is because there are lots more
               | breakthrough infections.
               | 
               | (but a larger number of mild breakthrough infections is
               | not itself terrible news either as the mildness indicates
               | a population becoming more resilient against the virus)
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | jokethrowaway wrote:
         | Indeed! I really hope governments will start recognising this
         | and give us back our freedom. Media messages and restrictions
         | are still pretty negative, despite the lack of severity. I
         | don't know how can they talk about another lockdown.
         | 
         | Delta also had lower mortality than the first wave: this was
         | confirmed by some fact-checkers and not by others (depending on
         | how alarmist the fact-checker is) but looking at numbers, it
         | does seem to be case.
         | 
         | It seems to be an evolutionary trend where the virus mutations
         | that are successful became more transmissible and less deadly
         | (probably because a dead host doesn't spread as much as an
         | alive one).
        
           | nradov wrote:
           | Freedom is seldom given. It usually has to be taken.
        
           | ummonk wrote:
           | Delta had equal or higher severity per infection than alpha
           | which in turn had higher severity than the original variant.
           | It just had lower mortality than the first wave because
           | people had higher preexisting immunity, treatment had
           | improved, and some of the most vulnerable had already been
           | culled from the herd.
           | 
           | You have to compare between two variants at the same time,
           | not against previous waves. Omicron is the first major
           | variant to actually be less severe on this metric.
        
           | johnchristopher wrote:
           | > It seems to be an evolutionary trend where the virus
           | mutations that are successful became more transmissible and
           | less deadly (probably because a dead host doesn't spread as
           | much as an alive one).
           | 
           | Covid spreads while still being non-symptomatic so that
           | explanation doesn't stand that much. Flu is not getting
           | milder.
           | 
           | Also, how many times more do you think you can get hit in the
           | face by Manny Pacquiao instead of Mike Tyson and survive
           | because his punches are milder ?
           | 
           | How many times can we keep catching mild covid and escape
           | long term damages (edit: and death and everything in between)
           | ?
        
           | kiba wrote:
           | _Indeed! I really hope governments will start recognising
           | this and give us back our freedom. Media messages and
           | restrictions are still pretty negative, despite the lack of
           | severity. I don 't know how can they talk about another
           | lockdown._
           | 
           | A lockdown is probably impractical at this point, but we are
           | stuck with a disease that will be a health burden on humanity
           | that will be difficult to eliminate.
           | 
           | For example, if a disease kills 40,000 people per year.
           | That's 400,000 people in a decade. A drop in the bucket of
           | humanity for sure, but that's about a city size population.
           | That's not counting the collectively lost days in term of
           | feeling terrible.
        
             | indigochill wrote:
             | > For example, if a disease kills 40,000 people per year.
             | That's 400,000 people in a decade. A drop in the bucket of
             | humanity for sure, but that's about a city size population.
             | That's not counting the collectively lost days in term of
             | feeling terrible.
             | 
             | Heart disease kills 659,000 people a year in the US alone
             | (https://www.cdc.gov/heartdisease/facts.htm), but for some
             | reason we're not having COVID-level panic about it.
             | 
             | I'm struggling to find annual statistics for COVID, but I
             | did find an article written September '21 stating there had
             | been over 630,000 COVID deaths in the US since the start of
             | 2020, so that's over a year and a half-ish, so a bit less
             | than heart disease.
             | 
             | Of course, heart disease isn't contagious (at least not in
             | the traditional sense - genetics and lifestyle factors
             | could be considered contagious if you're flexible with the
             | term), but it's also a cause of death we've grown
             | disconcertingly accustomed to for how prevalent it is. I
             | expect once this outbreak has run its course, we'll
             | probably see annual COVID deaths settle at a much lower
             | number thanks to vaccinations/immunity. I'm not sure when
             | we'll come to accept it as just another risk of life,
             | though.
        
               | toyg wrote:
               | Beyond squabbling on numbers (COVID was actively fought
               | in most developed countries, otherwise it would have
               | killed many more), the difference is control.
               | 
               | Heart disease is well-understood, and largely avoidable
               | with education; hence, it's not a problem as far as the
               | ruling classes are concerned.
               | 
               | COVID and other infectious diseases, on the other hand,
               | can hit literally anybody with a social life. They are
               | fundamentally uncontrollable at the individual level, and
               | have the potential to upset the social order if the
               | numbers get out of control (as they did, shortly, last
               | year). Until that continues to be the case, COVID will
               | continue to be addressed as a significant problem.
        
               | fader wrote:
               | > Heart disease kills 659,000 people a year in the US
               | alone (https://www.cdc.gov/heartdisease/facts.htm), but
               | for some reason we're not having COVID-level panic about
               | it.
               | 
               | I think you answered this yourself:
               | 
               | > Of course, heart disease isn't contagious
               | 
               | If heart disease were contagious and could be effectively
               | curtailed by wearing masks and getting a vaccine, I think
               | you'd see a similar reaction to it that you're seeing to
               | covid.
        
               | conception wrote:
               | Heart disease is not collapsing the health system. Why
               | are we bothering to compare them.
        
               | nradov wrote:
               | Healthcare system capacity is somewhat fungible. If we
               | reduced heart disease then there would be more resources
               | available to deal with other conditions such as COVID-19.
               | The majority of heart disease cases could be prevented,
               | or at least delayed, by making better lifestyle choices.
        
               | geofft wrote:
               | The difficult thing about measuring causes of death is
               | that we take it as axiomatic (and, to be clear, I think
               | we're right to do so) that the goal is not for humans to
               | live forever, that everyone should die of _something_.
               | Heart disease mostly affects people who are at the age
               | that people tend to die of  "old age." In other words,
               | eliminating heart disease entirely would largely only
               | cause those people to die of something else. There are, I
               | don't know, maybe 100-200K "premature" deaths from heart
               | disease which ought to be the focus of public health
               | interventions, but addressing the rest of them won't
               | meaningfully save lives.
               | 
               | Or put another way: 22% of all deaths in the US happen in
               | nursing homes. But we don't say we should get rid of
               | nursing homes. If 22% of all deaths in a city happened in
               | their college dormitories, there would be an immediate
               | outcry to shut down the dormitories.
               | 
               | Now, the harder question is that covid also
               | disproportionately affects people near the end of their
               | natural life (and probably so does almost every medical
               | cause of death besides, like, SIDS and pregnancy).
               | 
               | So the question is then, how many people does covid kill
               | "before their time," so to speak, and how does that
               | compare to heart disease? One of the common arguments is
               | that it does kill lots of people before their time - even
               | thought it skews towards the older, it nonetheless kills
               | a good chunk of older folks who would have otherwise
               | lived happy and healthy lives for several more years.
               | 
               | One way to measure this is by looking at excess deaths.
               | How many people are dying of any cause compared to the
               | year before covid was around? If covid was, say, killing
               | people who were about to be killed by heart disease, we'd
               | kind of expect a _drop_ in heart disease death
               | statistics. If we 're not seeing that, then that implies
               | that covid shouldn't be bucketed as an "old age" cause of
               | death, that there's a reason to be more concerned about
               | the 630,000 covid deaths over the past almost two years
               | than the 659,000 heart disease deaths in 2019. And in
               | fact it looks like the number of heart disease deaths
               | didn't drop in 2020 (and grew, in fact) even as covid
               | killed 350,000 people.
               | 
               | (You can get these numbers out of
               | http://wonder.cdc.gov/ucd-icd10.html - which I found
               | linked from the site you linked, thanks! - and break them
               | down further by age etc.)
               | 
               | A lot of arguments that we should specifically care about
               | covid (which is the camp I'm in) are predicated on the
               | assumption that this is true; a lot of arguments that we
               | should just treat it like we treat the flu are predicated
               | on the assumption that it is not. I think this is a
               | question of fact (though one that requires the statistics
               | to actually be available) and not just a difference of
               | opinion or worldview.
        
               | pessimizer wrote:
               | I don't understand this argument at all. Are you saying
               | that if heart disease went from killing 650 thousand
               | people a year to 1.3 million people a year, that wouldn't
               | cause a massive freakout?
        
       | TeeMassive wrote:
       | Serious question: should we let this more infectious but less
       | dangerous run its course to achieve natural immunity? What are
       | the arguments for and against this strategy?
       | 
       | I know that if it is 5 times less likely to put people in
       | hospitals but 10 times more transmissible then there will be 2
       | times more people in hospitals, but are there more arguments?
        
         | philovivero wrote:
         | Yes. We should do that. We won't.
         | 
         | Pro: everyone is fine, the hospitals aren't overwhelmed, the
         | anti-vaxxers will be fine along with everyone else.
         | 
         | Con: can't speak with disgust and disdain anymore to those who
         | disagree with your medical opinions, or have concerns with how
         | quickly you're forcing your experimental medications on the
         | entire planet.
         | 
         | Not going to happen. I've already seen the usual suspects
         | talking about how we need bigger, better, stronger vaccines for
         | Omicron.
         | 
         | We're pretty excited by this RNA vaccine tech, and we're going
         | to use it, no matter what happens.
         | 
         | There's too much money and too much political power on the pro-
         | vax anti-immune-system side of things.
        
           | pavel_lishin wrote:
           | > _everyone is fine_
           | 
           | Except the people who aren't.
           | 
           | > _the hospitals aren 't overwhelmed_
           | 
           | Except the ones that are.
           | 
           | > _forcing your experimental medications on the entire
           | planet_
           | 
           | No more experimental than any other vaccine; due to how
           | quickly COVID spread, we were able to do the same level of
           | testing on the vaccine as for any other medication. It's as
           | safe as anything else you take.
        
             | donkarma wrote:
             | vaccine trials usually last 2 years alone from a quick
             | glance
        
             | tonguez wrote:
             | "No more experimental than any other vaccine"
             | 
             | you are creating more vaccine hesitancy by saying this
        
             | choward wrote:
             | To your first two points, you could say that before covid.
             | 
             | Do you have a time machine or something? You can't study
             | long term effects just by having a bigger study.
        
         | beefman wrote:
         | Who's "we" and what makes you think they have any control over
         | the matter?
        
           | adam_arthur wrote:
           | Well, many governments reinstating restrictions, for one.
           | 
           | These work to slow the spread, which given the innocuous
           | nature of Omicron, seem more damaging than helpful. Not that
           | any government ever considered second order effects of these
           | policies to begin with...
        
             | vidarh wrote:
             | Many of these restrictions were put in place because the
             | effects of Omicron were uncertain when they were decided.
             | If these early results bear out, I'm sure we'll start
             | seeing the easing of some restrictions again very quickly.
        
               | adam_arthur wrote:
               | The restrictions largely don't have any effect anyway, if
               | you compare different US state policies with health
               | outcomes.
               | 
               | Especially something like a travel/flight ban, as if that
               | can stop an exponentially spreading virus.
        
           | TeeMassive wrote:
           | In the US there's an important legal document that begins
           | with "We the People".
        
       | abduhl wrote:
       | So the long Covid we've been afraid of for our children this
       | whole time has actually been long term immunity? How ironic that
       | our own push to vaccinate and save our children could put them in
       | a worse position immunity-wise. Like rain on your wedding day.
        
         | jawns wrote:
         | Is there any reason to assume that initial infection with Covid
         | can't cause both immunity against subsequent infection AND long
         | Covid symptoms?
         | 
         | Think about how chicken pox works. You get infected, you deal
         | with (usually but not always) mild symptoms, and then you don't
         | get chicken pox again. But you _are_ susceptible to shingles
         | later in life.
        
           | paulryanrogers wrote:
           | Having gotten chicken pox intentionally then again as a teen,
           | only to learn it significantly increases my risk for shingles
           | later in life, I don't recommend natural infection when there
           | is a vaccine. The second infection was particularly painful.
           | 
           | Please vaccinate your kids.
        
           | nradov wrote:
           | Chicken pox is caused by varicella, a herpes virus which
           | remains permanently in most infected people. It is in no way
           | comparable to COVID-19.
        
             | jawns wrote:
             | I'm not suggesting that Covid and chicken pox are related
             | as viruses. I'm merely pointing out one example of how
             | long-term symptoms are not incompatible with immunity. We
             | know that Covid causes long-term symptoms in some people.
             | So it would be interesting to see whether the differential
             | between natural immunity and vaccinated immunity (if there
             | is one) is outweighed by the acute and long-term symptoms
             | of active infection.
        
         | epgui wrote:
         | Biochemist here: your claim that vaccination puts children in a
         | worse position is neither supported by this paper, nor
         | substantiated by any other data point to the best of my
         | knowledge.
        
           | Consultant32452 wrote:
           | Boys at least appear to be more in danger from the vaccine
           | than the virus.
           | 
           | https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/sep/10/boys-more-
           | at-r...
        
             | objektif wrote:
             | This article is pretty much garbage. You need to compare
             | getting myocarditis from vaxx vs covid. And chances of
             | getting it from covid is ~11x higher.
        
               | chana_masala wrote:
               | Myocarditis didn't become a concern until the jabs were
               | rolling out
        
               | jacquesm wrote:
               | From vaccination no, but from COVID it has been a concern
               | right from day #1.
               | 
               | https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/70/wr/mm7035e5.htm
        
             | phonypc wrote:
             | No they don't. The study that article references is hot
             | garbage.
             | 
             | https://sciencebasedmedicine.org/dumpster-diving-in-vaers-
             | do...
        
               | Consultant32452 wrote:
               | 85% of VAERS reports are made by physicians. 100% are
               | validated by the CDC.
               | 
               | What's important is to disqualify the best information
               | available so you just have to accept vague assertions
               | from authority.
        
               | phonypc wrote:
               | VAERS is not the _best_ information available by any
               | means, but it is indeed _a_ valid source of information.
               | The issue with the paper is that it _misuses_ the
               | information and draws conclusions that aren 't actually
               | indicated.
        
               | Consultant32452 wrote:
               | What other dataset are you using to inform yourself about
               | vaccine related harm in the public?
        
               | bhk wrote:
               | "Garbage"?
               | 
               | > In an FDA analysis of the Optum healthcare claims
               | database, the estimated excess risk of
               | myocarditis/pericarditis approached 200 cases per million
               | fully vaccinated males 16-17 years of age and 180 cases
               | per million fully vaccinated males 12-15 years of age.
               | [1]
               | 
               | This rate is close to the findings of the Hoeg study
               | (even higher, actually). [2]
               | 
               | On the one side we have the FDA and multiple scholarly
               | publications largely in alignment. On the other side, we
               | have an internet blog article with hyperbolic language
               | and a generally unprofessional tone.
               | 
               | [1] https://www.fda.gov/media/153447/download
               | 
               | [2] https://twitter.com/TracyBethHoeg/status/143579638284
               | 1860099
        
             | rsfern wrote:
             | I think there's a bit more nuance to it than that
             | 
             | The paper in question found that in this age group risk of
             | hospitalization for cardiac adverse events (CAE) is a few
             | times higher than risk of hospitalization with Covid.
             | 
             | It's unclear (to me at least) how to quantify the level of
             | danger in terms of acute and long term health effects from
             | just this data.
             | 
             | > Further research into the severity and long-term sequelae
             | of post-vaccination CAE is warranted. Quantification of the
             | benefits of the second vaccination dose and vaccination in
             | addition to natural immunity in this demographic may be
             | indicated to minimize harm.
             | 
             | https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.30.21262866
             | v...
        
           | abduhl wrote:
           | The paper itself asks the question I've suggested if you read
           | between the lines: "COVID-19 vaccines are now being
           | administered widely to adult populations and are also being
           | delivered to children in some countries. Therefore, it is
           | imperative to understand the profile of SARS-CoV-2-specific
           | immune responses in children after natural infection to
           | inform vaccination strategy."
        
             | lern_too_spel wrote:
             | The policy question this answers is whether to vaccinate
             | children who have previously been infected, not whether to
             | vaccinate children who have never been infected. The best
             | decision for the latter group remains vaccination.
        
               | chana_masala wrote:
               | Children have nearly no risk of complications with covid
               | vs. quite a large risk with the vaccine.
        
               | epgui wrote:
               | This is unequivocally incorrect.
        
               | chana_masala wrote:
               | https://stevekirsch.substack.com/p/weve-now-killed-close-
               | to-...
        
               | jacquesm wrote:
               | That is a substantial misinterpretation of the data.
        
               | chana_masala wrote:
               | Who wants to win a million dollars? The author has a $1
               | million dollar offer to debate him and prove him wrong.
        
               | tomwojcik wrote:
               | Without a reputable source for these claims you're just
               | spreading misinformation.
        
               | chana_masala wrote:
               | I'm pretty baffled by this reply. It used to be (last
               | year?) common knowledge that children were largely
               | unaffected by covid. I guess the vaccine rollout has
               | changed people's minds, but it hasn't changed the data.
               | 
               | https://stevekirsch.substack.com/p/weve-now-killed-close-
               | to-...
        
               | rtsil wrote:
               | > children were largely unaffected by covid
               | 
               | The issue is not with that, it's with your second claim
               | re: large risk with the vaccine. That's the claim that
               | needs to be substantiated.
        
               | oezi wrote:
               | Among all infectious diseases children are facing Covid
               | is one of the most severe.
               | 
               | The worst side effect of the vaccine (myocarditis in
               | young males) has been eliminated with better dosing
               | protocols.
        
               | chana_masala wrote:
               | https://stevekirsch.substack.com/p/weve-now-killed-close-
               | to-...
        
               | oezi wrote:
               | There was an excellent refutation of using Adverse Events
               | Reports for anything but safety signalling.
               | 
               | The author of the linked substack could have uploaded the
               | death reports himself. And he didn't even think about
               | comparing his numbers to expected numbers.
               | 
               | So, no: children don't die from the vaccine.
        
               | chana_masala wrote:
               | The author has a $1 million dollar offer to debate him
               | and prove him wrong.
        
             | epgui wrote:
             | You can "read between the lines" many different things,
             | none of which are said explicitly. Scientists love to be
             | explicit whenever they can.
             | 
             | I don't see this as being indicative of any particular
             | policy, but I see it as a data point which could inform
             | decisions such as:
             | 
             | - whether boosters should be given to children, or whether
             | they should be given them last in line
             | 
             | - whether we should allocate limited supplies to children,
             | or to other vulnerable populations (eg.: vaccine inequity
             | around the world)
             | 
             | - whether we need the same schedule for children and adults
             | 
             | - ...
             | 
             | Again, I don't think this paper pushes too hard either way
             | on any of these types of questions, it's a data point in a
             | sea of data.
        
           | jokethrowaway wrote:
           | I think his point is that the immune response from the
           | vaccine is lower than from just getting covid and the risks
           | from getting covid for children are really low.
           | 
           | Still, I don't think it makes much of a difference either
           | way, especially for kids who don't have much to fear from
           | covid.
        
             | epgui wrote:
             | "immune response from the vaccine is lower than from just
             | getting covid"
             | 
             | {{citation needed}}
             | 
             | My point is that this is unsubstantiated.
             | 
             | And it does make a big difference, because this reduces the
             | likelihood of children going through multiple periods of
             | infectivity: the fewer times children are infectious to
             | others, on average, the more herd immunity we have,
             | collectively, against SARS-CoV-2.
        
               | abduhl wrote:
        
               | epgui wrote:
               | I have no idea what you mean. I believe (and at least I
               | was hoping that) my comment was helpful.
        
               | abduhl wrote:
               | Your comment was made intending to shut down discussion
               | by appealing to authority rather than engaging in the
               | substance of the discussion. Note that the last large
               | paragraph you wrote which does engage with the discussion
               | was added via an edit. This was the entirety of your
               | original post:
               | 
               | "{{citation needed}}
               | 
               | My point is that this is unsubstantiated."
        
               | epgui wrote:
               | I was not "appealing to authority". The fact that I'm an
               | expert in the field is, imo, valuable meta-information.
               | 
               | I weigh people's opinions differently if they're rooted
               | in expertise than if they're random anonymous people on
               | the internet. Do what you want with that information, and
               | please forgive my hasty edits: sometimes when I read back
               | what I wrote, I notice that I'm missing something.
               | There's no bad faith there.
        
               | clairity wrote:
               | sorry, being 'an expert' has no bearing on the veracity
               | of your claims. and further, claiming the nominative of
               | 'expert' tends to negatively correlate with veracity. at
               | best, you're an expert at the thing you study deeply, not
               | the whole field. you perhaps may be more knowledgeable
               | about different aspects of a given field, but that
               | doesn't give you extraordinary powers of insight or
               | reasoning.
               | 
               | the exact opposite of your appeal is what teases out the
               | known from the unknown, by triangulating from many
               | arguments/opinions (the more, the better) whether they be
               | 'expert' or not (the less correlated, the better).
        
               | epgui wrote:
               | We're no longer talking about the subject matter, but
               | there is absolutely value in knowing whether an opinion
               | is informed by expertise or not. I did not "appeal to
               | expertise", I merely signalled that I had expertise in
               | the field. This has value.
               | 
               | I suspect that a small minority of Hacker News
               | participants are biochemists/biologists/life scientists,
               | so the default assumption when you read comments on these
               | topics is that they probably come from smart non-experts.
               | By adding this extra information, I wasn't making my
               | argument any better: I was only providing the readers
               | with extra meta-information.
               | 
               | I won't bother explaining the dangers of the appeal to
               | authority, because I am persuaded that you are already
               | familiar with the fallacy. However, I will say that not
               | every form of "expertise signalling" is an appeal to
               | authority, and it is usually a very good idea to defer to
               | expertise.
               | 
               | I recommend this article on the subject, if you're
               | interested in seeing where I'm coming from:
               | https://thelogicofscience.com/2015/03/20/the-rules-of-
               | logic-...
               | 
               | Edit: and I will happily and readily admit that I am not
               | the "most expert" person on any subject, and I myself
               | pretty much always defer to the expertise of those who
               | are more expert than me.
        
               | clairity wrote:
               | > "...it is usually a very good idea to defer to
               | expertise."
               | 
               | this is exactly what i'm pointedly disagreeing with.
               | expertise gives you no such esteem to have others defer
               | to you by default. what it does confer is an expectation
               | of novel (to the non-expert) information and perhaps
               | reasoning, but explicitly not deference. we are all often
               | wrong, especially in our areas of expertise because of
               | the disproportionate amount of time we spend in that
               | area. have some humility that you may bring a relatively
               | unique or more considered perspective to the table, but
               | not infallibility or almighty 'truth'.
               | 
               | and earnest consideration of an 'expert' opinion is the
               | best you should hope for. all the rest is by definition
               | beyond the realm of science and into the realm of (small
               | p) political. that is, expertise signalling is always an
               | appeal to authority, no matter the magnitude or
               | centrality of the claim. only the reasoning/evidence
               | matters, not the titles of the person presenting them.
               | you may expect some correlation there but should never
               | assume it.
               | 
               | (note that i've also scienced in my past life, if that
               | meta-information matters to you in the way you seem to
               | believe it should.)
        
               | jacquesm wrote:
               | I'm fine with you disagreeing with it, everybody has a
               | right to their opinion.
        
               | jacquesm wrote:
               | > sorry, being 'an expert' has no bearing on the veracity
               | of your claims
               | 
               | Actually, it does.
               | 
               | > claiming the nominative of 'expert' tends to negatively
               | correlate with veracity. at best
               | 
               | Not in my experience.
               | 
               | > the exact opposite of your appeal is what teases out
               | the known from the unknown, by triangulating from many
               | arguments/opinions (the more, the better) whether they be
               | 'expert' or not (the less correlated, the better).
               | 
               | So, by your reasoning we should all ask out bakers for
               | information about software development because they
               | definitely aren't experts and they certainly will have
               | opinions about it.
               | 
               | This isn't a popularity contest, we're talking about
               | actual knowledge here, and experts have usually spent a
               | good chunk of their life acquiring it. You can't just
               | toss that overboard in some kind of 'equal time' play (or
               | in your case, even worse, a less than equal time) simply
               | because everybody's opinions are equally valid. Expertise
               | counts for something, no matter what the field.
        
               | chana_masala wrote:
               | When you're already late...
               | 
               | I appreciate the humor and I totally agree with your
               | point
        
               | chana_masala wrote:
               | I would agree with the other sibling reply that asking
               | for citation for natural immunity vs vaccine protection
               | is a bit like asking for a citation for claiming that
               | frozen water floats. Sure, you could prove it but it's a
               | well accepted understanding in epidemiology and virology.
               | It's only lately been.... Politicized.
        
               | heurisko wrote:
               | I was reading this article recently about natural vs
               | vaccine immunity (mostly in adults I think). Didn't seem
               | to reach any strong conclusions either way.
               | 
               | > "It appears from the literature that natural infection
               | provides immunity, but that immunity is seemingly not as
               | strong and may not be as long lasting as that provided by
               | the vaccine...
               | 
               | > But not everyone agrees with this interpretation. "The
               | data we have right now suggests that there probably isn't
               | a whole lot of difference" in terms of immunity to the
               | spike protein
               | 
               | > Memoli highlights real world data such as the Cleveland
               | Clinic study18 and points out that while "vaccines are
               | focused on only that tiny portion of immunity that can be
               | induced" by the spike, someone who has had covid-19 was
               | exposed to the whole virus, "which would likely offer a
               | broader based immunity" that would be more protective
               | against variants. The laboratory study offered by the
               | FDA22 "only has to do with very specific antibodies to a
               | very specific region of the virus [the spike]," says
               | Memoli. "Claiming this as data supporting that vaccines
               | are better than natural immunity is shortsighted and
               | demonstrates a lack of understanding of the complexity of
               | immunity to respiratory viruses."
               | 
               | https://www.bmj.com/content/374/bmj.n2101
        
               | epgui wrote:
               | This is pretty close to my area of expertise, and I don't
               | think this is a well established principle at all.
        
         | tomwojcik wrote:
        
           | 3maj wrote:
           | This is complete nonsense. https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10
           | .1101/2021.07.01.21259785v...
           | 
           | In Israel (I use them because they have a fantastic
           | dashboard) not a single individual under the age of 19 has
           | died of covid.
           | 
           | Stop fear mongering.
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | pacerwpg wrote:
             | I don't think he claimed anybody died.
        
               | pessimizer wrote:
               | Children _have_ died. It 's just that the numbers are
               | very small, and the hospitals are not in any way packed
               | with young people.
        
           | logic_beats_pro wrote:
           | And the most unverifiable scare tactic comment of this post
           | award goes to...
           | 
           | Newborns with serious post-covid issues, eh? Do you have any
           | proof whatsoever of this or your other claims or are we just
           | taking your word on it.
        
           | epicureanideal wrote:
           | Can you provide some data about this?
           | 
           | Others replying to you have provided links showing that very
           | few children die of Covid. Do you have specific links about
           | long term disability DUE TO covid (not a disability caused by
           | a car accident where the child was also found to have covid,
           | for example).
        
           | nradov wrote:
           | It's very common for children admitted to hospitals for other
           | conditions to be diagnosed with asymptotic COVID-19 as part
           | of admission screening. There is no reliable evidence of
           | frequent serious post-COVID issues in children. I support
           | vaccination, but let's not exaggerate the risks of disease.
        
           | davzie wrote:
           | Horseshit!
        
       | temptemptemp111 wrote:
        
       | epgui wrote:
       | Biochemist opinion: somewhat speculative, but what I take from
       | this is that immunity in children makes them less likely than
       | adults to shift from 'removed' to 'susceptible', in the SIR
       | model. [1]
       | 
       | [1]
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compartmental_models_in_epidem...
        
       | nradov wrote:
       | So it's the same as other coronaviruses like HCoV-OC43. There's
       | no vaccine available for those other ones so most of us get
       | infected as youths, and the resulting immunity protects us as we
       | age. But they can still be dangerous to immunologically naive
       | older patients.
       | 
       | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7252012/
        
         | clairity wrote:
         | it's been obvious since march of last year that this was the
         | inevitable outcome of covid, yet we've spent nearly two years
         | hand-wringing and fearmongering over it. it's the novelty of
         | the virus combined with the general unpreparedness of our
         | immune systems (obesity, sickness of all sorts, and age
         | correlate with lowered immune preparedness) that's created this
         | wave of initial severity as the virus works it's way to a
         | steady-state similar to other coronaviruses.
         | 
         | most people had, and still have, very little idea about how
         | these things work, yet grandstand and moralize on about
         | ineffective but distruptive remediations like masks and
         | lockdowns that they hear about via propagandized media. even
         | vaccines need only be seriously considered by the
         | aforementioned immune-deficient (obese, elderly, etc.), not
         | everyone (this article providing that evidence for children
         | specifically).
        
           | bjoli wrote:
           | I think it has been pretty clear for a very long time that
           | covid is something we will all get, and that it might even
           | become something bot unlike the seasonal flu.
           | 
           | The message has to my ears been "less contact = less
           | infection = better access to healthcare for those who really
           | need it".
           | 
           | What would you suggest instead? I am all for discussing the
           | losses contra gains of lockdowns, but I dont think any
           | options have sounded much better.
        
       | disambiguation wrote:
       | We're going to look back on our treatment of children these past
       | 2 years as one of the greatest blunders in the history of public
       | health policy.
        
         | NaturalPhallacy wrote:
         | Nothing that happened was an accident or a mistake.
         | 
         | Our oligarchy in big pharma wanted everything that our
         | government did.
        
         | jacquesm wrote:
         | You may want to read this:
         | 
         | https://www.washingtonpost.com/health/2021/12/24/omicron-chi...
        
         | daenz wrote:
         | We sacrificed the mental health of the young for the physical
         | health of the old.
        
           | beefman wrote:
           | Extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence. Where's
           | the evidence that any public health measure adversely
           | affecting children worked any benefit to the old?
        
           | wiseowise wrote:
           | But hey, grandma gets to live another year now.
           | 
           | Who cares if the poor family never recovers after financial
           | crisis.
        
             | objektif wrote:
             | I am sure anyone can recover from financial troubles. It is
             | possible.. The other one? Not so much...
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | mechanical_bear wrote:
             | I would suffer financially greatly if it brought back my
             | grandmother, she passed from COVID December of last year. I
             | wish she had another year. She would have had a chance to
             | meet her great grandson. But sure, complain about the
             | numbers in your bank account some more.
             | 
             | Edit after being downvoted: Sure, downvote me and don't
             | respond over my dead grandmother, coward.
        
               | gjs278 wrote:
        
             | pilsetnieks wrote:
             | Now inverse that statement and see where it takes you, and
             | what it tells about you as a human being.
        
               | tonguez wrote:
        
               | pilsetnieks wrote:
               | Downvoters: you want your elders (and not just them) to
               | die and countless others to suffer long-term consequences
               | of a disease not yet fully understood just to earn some
               | money right now and keep the endless rat race going as it
               | is; you make me sick.
        
             | pavel_lishin wrote:
             | That sounds like a good reason to re-think ouf current
             | medical and insurance industry, not a good reason to throw
             | grandma to the wolves.
             | 
             | Otherwise, the inevitable end of this logic is folks
             | committing plausibly deniable suicide to get an insurance
             | payout.
        
           | pacerwpg wrote:
           | Pandemics aren't easy
        
           | ceejayoz wrote:
           | My kids' mental health would be pretty heavily impacted by
           | the death of their grandparents.
           | 
           | A pretty large number of kids are _raised_ by  "the old",
           | too. https://www.prb.org/resources/more-u-s-children-raised-
           | by-gr...
        
             | pakitan wrote:
             | > My kids' mental health would be pretty heavily impacted
             | by the death of their grandparents.
             | 
             | Yes, because without covid their grandparents will live
             | forever.
        
             | daenz wrote:
             | And here's the impact of how we've treated children during
             | the pandemic:
             | 
             | >The pandemic then brought on physical isolation, ongoing
             | uncertainty, fear and grief. Centers for Disease Control
             | and Prevention researchers quantified that toll in several
             | reports. They found between March and October 2020,
             | emergency department visits for mental health emergencies
             | rose by 24% for children ages 5-11 years and 31% for
             | children ages 12-17 years. In addition, emergency
             | department visits for suspected suicide attempts increased
             | nearly 51% among girls ages 12-17 years in early 2021
             | compared to the same period in 2019.[0]
             | 
             | >A total of 83 articles (80 studies) met inclusion
             | criteria. Of these, 63 studies reported on the impact of
             | social isolation and loneliness on the mental health of
             | previously healthy children and adolescents (n = 51,576;
             | mean age 15.3 years). In all, 61 studies were
             | observational, 18 were longitudinal, and 43 were cross-
             | sectional studies assessing self-reported loneliness in
             | healthy children and adolescents.[1]
             | 
             | >Children and adolescents are probably more likely to
             | experience high rates of depression and most likely anxiety
             | during and after enforced isolation ends. This may increase
             | as enforced isolation continues. Clinical services should
             | offer preventive support and early intervention where
             | possible and be prepared for an increase in mental health
             | problems.[1]
             | 
             | Experts think this is just the tip of the iceberg for
             | issues that will affect us for decades.
             | 
             | 0. https://publications.aap.org/aapnews/news/17718/AAP-
             | AACAP-CH... 1. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/articl
             | e/pii/S089085672...
        
               | ceejayoz wrote:
               | Zero of those mental health emergencies were due to the
               | death of a loved one, right? It's all because of masks in
               | schools and whatnot?
        
               | daenz wrote:
               | It seems like you're skimming the content because you
               | have a pre-conceived notion of what you want to be true.
               | Both links explicitly mention social isolation and
               | loneliness as being driving forces in the negative mental
               | health impacts.
        
             | tonguez wrote:
             | your kids mental health might also be impacted by seeing a
             | horror movie... that does not compare to being locked
             | inside and unable to socialize for 2 years
        
               | mint2 wrote:
               | Are you comparing seeing a horror movie to people's close
               | relatives dying... ?
        
               | NaturalPhallacy wrote:
               | Strawman fallacy.
        
               | tonguez wrote:
               | appeal to incredulity. bravo!
        
               | ceejayoz wrote:
               | > that does not compare to being locked inside and unable
               | to socialize for 2 years
               | 
               | Good thing my kids haven't been subjected to that,
               | despite being in a blue area of a blue state (New York).
               | 
               | Being angry about _imaginary_ restrictions is silly.
               | There 's nowhere in the world kids have been "locked
               | inside" for two years.
        
               | novok wrote:
               | The effects of the pandemic on children has definitely
               | been variable. Higher income kids going to private
               | schools are back in school by 6 months, while lower
               | income kid's public schools cannot even get zoom classes
               | organized or access to such classes (laptops, etc) for
               | over a year in some places. Average that out and the
               | overall net effect has probably not been great.
               | 
               | Demand for mental health care during the pandemic has
               | boomed, and the isolation of lockdown and all the other
               | stresses are directly correlated to that.
        
             | tomp wrote:
             | > My kids' mental health would be pretty heavily impacted
             | by the death of their grandparents.
             | 
             | Hopefully that's not something you could spare them with.
        
             | kyruzic wrote:
             | Learning to over come loss is something people have always
             | had to deal with. Forced isolation is not.
        
             | ya_throw wrote:
             | I had great-grandparents and grandparents die as a kid.
             | It's probably happened to most people.
        
             | paulryanrogers wrote:
             | Let's not forget that 40% of adults in the US are obese and
             | some immuno-compromised. As a parent who falls into one of
             | those groups I hope we can find a path forward that
             | balances personal liberty and our health.
        
         | randomopining wrote:
         | I always said they should've just let all kids, college kids,
         | etc just get it super quick. Isolate the colleges, let them
         | party etc. Massive herd immunity after 4-6 weeks and then that
         | huge part of society is fine.
        
         | yalogin wrote:
         | Can you clarify more?
        
         | jlarocco wrote:
         | I'm not saying we're doing well, but the bar for "greatest
         | blunder in the history of public health policy" is pretty low,
         | unfortunately:
         | 
         | https://www.ibtimes.com/scarred-life-canadas-uprooted-indige...
        
         | dijonman2 wrote:
        
         | janeroe wrote:
         | > one of the greatest blunders in the history of public health
         | policy
         | 
         | Is it a blunder when malice is involved?
        
           | NaturalPhallacy wrote:
           | Greed and lust for power. Doesn't need to be malice.
        
         | malchow wrote:
         | I couldn't agree more. Children trying to eat lunch outside in
         | the cold in NYC. Children in California barred from classrooms
         | for a year+, and soon children forced to receive one or more
         | medicines they simply do not need.
        
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