[HN Gopher] TSMC in Japan: Things to know about its chip factory...
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       TSMC in Japan: Things to know about its chip factory plans
        
       Author : rbanffy
       Score  : 161 points
       Date   : 2021-12-21 13:50 UTC (9 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (asia.nikkei.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (asia.nikkei.com)
        
       | mschuster91 wrote:
       | So basically, another billion dollars worth of business for ASML
       | and other suppliers of equipment that TSMC needed?
       | 
       | What I do wonder though, given ASML is a Dutch company, why no
       | European governments are cooperating to start a new, European-
       | owned chip foundry on European soil when the equipment is to a
       | large degree manufactured in Europe. Something similar to
       | Airbus/EADS in terms of setup.
       | 
       | Yes, there are GlobalFoundries and Bosch investing in "Silicon
       | Saxony" aka Dresden, but the former is a US company owned by
       | Emirati oil money and the latter is targeted to produce
       | automotive chips. Europe needs independence from the US and
       | security from China going full bonkers regarding Taiwan.
        
         | izend wrote:
         | i.e. Europe does not care if 24 million Democratic Chinese are
         | suddenly forced into an authoritative society against their
         | will as long as they receive their cheap goods?
        
           | mschuster91 wrote:
           | Personally, I'd support more European backing of Taiwan, and
           | if it needs to be by deploying a bunch of troops there, then
           | that's fine by me.
           | 
           | The problem is that the German automotive industry has only
           | China as market to grow (Europe/US/Canada are saturated,
           | South America, most of Asia and Africa don't have enough rich
           | elites, Arabia wants ultra-luxury/sports cars), and the
           | automotive industry is _extremely_ well connected to our
           | politics - even if the CDU /CSU aren't in government any
           | more, liberal FDP now is, and they'll bow to the whims of the
           | industry... meaning Germany will not consent to anything that
           | threatens the automotive industry. Italy and Greece have been
           | forced to sell off harbors, airports and other infrastructure
           | to China as a consequence of the 2008ff crises, Croatia has
           | sold a large and important bridge project to China, and
           | Hungary's Orban is effectively China's puppet.
           | 
           | The result of that, combined with the 100% consensus
           | requirement on European foreign policy decisions, is why
           | Europe will likely rather stand aside than show China the
           | well-deserved boot. Especially disgusting given that the
           | European Union's foundation was the lessons-learned of the NS
           | dictatorship and we all swore "never again" - and now we're
           | staying silent as China is building concentration camps for
           | Uyghurs and Tibetans.
        
             | def_true_false wrote:
             | EU countries can and do act on their own -- see for example
             | French military operations in Africa.
        
               | mschuster91 wrote:
               | China is a whole different league to fight against than
               | some backwater former colony and current dictatorship
               | that struggles to feed its army.
               | 
               | It's no big deal to bomb someone like Ghaddafi's Libya to
               | hell and back... China will fuck over your entire economy
               | if you dare to establish relations with Taiwan, such as
               | Lithuania currently experiences.
        
           | mathverse wrote:
           | Pretty much just look at european take on Ukraine. "Not my
           | chair not my problem".
        
           | phatfish wrote:
           | It's nothing to do with "Europe" or anywhere else, or
           | consumers.
           | 
           | The reason the Chinese government is uninterested with the
           | "bad press" around repression of minorities in their country
           | is because the know corporations will always take profit over
           | ethics, and will happily contract Chinese factories in the
           | name of being "competitive" -- which boils down to bigger
           | payouts for the executive class.
        
           | pjc50 wrote:
           | The disaster of Afghanistan has made everyone very wary of
           | interventionist foreign policy.
        
         | renewiltord wrote:
         | Because there is precious R&D you need. ASML does not have the
         | technology to do what TSMC does. There is no European company
         | that has it. There are few non-TSMC companies that have it
         | right now, and their tech is out of reach of anyone but them.
         | 
         | It costs TSMC $12b to build their fab. It will cost a United
         | European government a lot more money and a lot of time to even
         | develop the tech and by that time semiconductors will have
         | moved on.
        
           | wobblykiwi wrote:
           | > ASML does not have the technology to do what TSMC does.
           | 
           | ASML creates the technology that TSMC uses.
        
         | tw04 wrote:
         | Likely because it's BILLIONS of dollars of R&D with 0 customers
         | at this point. You'd be building a factory _HOPING_ to get
         | design wins. If I 'm Nvidia or Apple or _insert company_ - am I
         | going to risk an entire generation of chips on a startup in
         | Europe with 0 experience beyond what they can poach from
         | competitors? Whatever this European company is, they 'd likely
         | need to sell at a massive loss for a generation or 2, just to
         | prove they can do it, and then hope to win some of the
         | profitable contracts from an Apple or Samsung or Nvidia. I
         | would imagine the investment would make a nuclear plant look
         | cheap. And all of that is assuming TSMC or Intel don't build
         | fabs in response to strangle you out of the market.
        
           | mschuster91 wrote:
           | > I would imagine the investment would make a nuclear plant
           | look cheap.
           | 
           | The disaster of Flamanville is projected to cost 13 billion
           | euros. Even TSMCs biggest projects are smaller than that in
           | numbers.
           | 
           | > Whatever this European company is, they'd likely need to
           | sell at a massive loss for a generation or 2, just to prove
           | they can do it, and then hope to win some of the profitable
           | contracts from an Apple or Samsung or Nvidia.
           | 
           | Samsung, NVIDIA and AMD are currently blocked by the
           | limitations of TSMC which is mostly caused by Apple paying
           | upfront to reserve all of TSMCs 3nm output [1]. If Europe
           | were to say "okay, we're putting up a 3nm fab and we will not
           | sell to Apple at all" you can _bet_ they would instantly join
           | in to the collaboration, alone to have an alternative to a
           | bidding war with Apple 's unfathomably large war chest.
           | 
           | [1]: https://www.heise.de/news/Bericht-Apple-schnappt-sich-
           | komple...
        
             | anticensor wrote:
             | 3nm chip production requires BEUV litoghraphy. That one is
             | far out. The so-called 5nm nodes can currently only produce
             | 14nm-sized features. If there is a customer that is willing
             | to reserve the entire EUV and BEUV output of TSMC, so be
             | it; but also keep in mind it is unlikely to see such a
             | large project.
        
           | dylan604 wrote:
           | >need to sell at a massive loss for a generation or 2,
           | 
           | Isn't this where gov't subsidies can help? Not only can gov't
           | wave taxes which helps, but they can also just flat out buy
           | the chips. Or they can add incentives to companies for buying
           | these chips. Either way, it helps ease the transitional
           | pains.
        
             | pjc50 wrote:
             | Not generally allowed under EU competition law.
        
               | dylan604 wrote:
               | Then they can do it like the LHC. Each country
               | contributes, but it happens to physically located in one
               | member country. Either EU feels like it is strategically
               | important to not be dependent, or it's not. By your
               | response, it is clear it is not an important agenda item.
        
         | ulfw wrote:
         | And what are 'the Europeans' going to do with said chips?
         | 
         | Bosch is investing in automotive as Europe has plenty of world
         | leading car companies.
         | 
         | What world leading mass-market hardware tech companies does
         | Europe have, which would warrant domestic chip production?
        
           | turbinerneiter wrote:
           | You could argue that the lack of mass-market hardware is
           | because of, not due to missing domestic chip production.
           | 
           | Not sure if it would be true tough.
        
           | mschuster91 wrote:
           | > What world leading mass-market hardware tech companies does
           | Europe have, which would warrant domestic chip production?
           | 
           | AMD actually used to have a fab in Dresden, they spun it off
           | to GlobalFoundries in 2012.
           | 
           | Europe as a market of about 450M people should have enough
           | demand to saturate a fab with GPUs and CPUs.
        
           | numpad0 wrote:
           | Electric vehicle inverters? Each motors in an EV require its
           | own 1kV/1kA programmable switching supply to operate.
        
             | philipkglass wrote:
             | Yes, those are valuable but power electronics don't
             | need/use leading edge processes with EUV photolithography.
             | Building more European fabs for power devices would be
             | affordable and useful but it wouldn't compete with TSMC for
             | advanced CPUs and GPUs.
        
           | pjc50 wrote:
           | > warrant domestic chip production
           | 
           | There are already loads of plants serving the domestic
           | electronics industry? ST? Siemens? NXP? Infineon?
           | 
           | https://www.ft.com/content/f946703e-5d1e-4328-bd54-63f30ff49.
           | ..
        
         | throw0101a wrote:
         | > _What I do wonder though, given ASML is a Dutch company_
         | [...]
         | 
         | It should be remembered that they have an international supply
         | chain, including lots of stuff out of the US. If the US wanted
         | to, they could basically prevent ASML from shipping finished
         | products.
         | 
         | Not only is ASML a one-of-a-kind company, but so are a lot of
         | their suppliers/partners.
         | 
         | The _Odd Lots_ podcast had a good episode on this for a general
         | audience (click Manage Cookies  > Reject all to get to the
         | article):
         | 
         | * https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-11-15/asml-
         | the-...
         | 
         | An earlier episode featured TSMC.
        
           | oblio wrote:
           | The US would only do that in case of a full blown US - EU
           | trade war, which would probably paralyze the entire world,
           | anyway.
        
         | tlamponi wrote:
         | FWIW, there are some initiatives, specifically there's an
         | Important Project of Common European Interest (IPCEI)
         | microelectronics and a European Chips Act (semi-conductors) in
         | planning.                 > According to the European
         | Commission work programme for 2022, released on 19 October
         | 2021,       > a proposal on a European chips act will be
         | published in Q2 2022.
         | 
         | https://www.europarl.europa.eu/legislative-train/theme-a-eur...
        
         | pjc50 wrote:
         | > why no European governments are cooperating to start a new,
         | European-owned chip foundry on European soil
         | 
         | The boring answer is that EU governments are generally banned
         | from subisising businesses, and the EU as a whole is very slow
         | to move. https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/eu-could-clear-
         | state-ai...
        
         | amelius wrote:
         | What I don't understand is why ASML/TSMC doesn't start a more
         | aggressive monetization model, taking e.g. 30% of the profits
         | of their customers like Apple does.
        
           | jjoonathan wrote:
           | Because Intel struck back and NVidia managed to punch upwards
           | by an entire node.
           | 
           | The moment TSMC can say "our node makes the king -- start
           | bidding" their margins will expand exactly as you describe.
           | They got close. Very close. Desperate, extreme action by the
           | other players prevented them from fully capitalizing on the
           | trophy. This time.
           | 
           | In truth, the 20% price ramp still reflects a partial
           | victory.
        
             | monocasa wrote:
             | That's literally where they are now. Apple won the bid a
             | while ago. The bids don't happen the same year as the chips
             | come off of the line.
        
             | mlindner wrote:
             | NVidia isn't a fab company or a EUV lithography machine
             | manufacturing company....
             | 
             | Perhaps you mean Samsung (which also uses ASML).
             | 
             | And no, Intel didn't "strike back". They forced an existing
             | manufacturing technology to run even hotter and still
             | manage to work.
        
               | jjoonathan wrote:
               | NVidia is a customer of fab services, and it's customers,
               | not nanometers, that decide which processes are
               | competitive. Nobody would say Samsung 8nm was on equal
               | quality footing to TSMC N7. NVidia, however, proved that
               | they could ship products on Samsung 8 that successfully
               | compete with products shipped on TSMC N7. That's what
               | "punching up" means. It obviously wasn't easy, but it
               | gives them leverage in the next round of negotiations
               | with TSMC, because it proves that TSMC isn't an exclusive
               | kingmaker. Not yet.
               | 
               | Yes, Intel did "strike back" -- they shipped competitive
               | products and earned money. Like NVidia on Samsung 8nm,
               | they had to punch up.
               | 
               | Once TSMC is a kingmaker, they will charge a king's
               | ransom -- but they aren't. Not yet. Competitors are still
               | holding on, though they certainly have the disadvantage
               | at the moment. The 20% price hikes (which are actually
               | more than 20%) reflect this dynamic almost exactly: TSMC
               | is the champ, but not the undisputed champ, so they can
               | start hiking prices but they can't actually squeeze out
               | their customers' margins yet.
        
           | ksec wrote:
           | Not entirely sure if you are trolling. Considering you have
           | asked this before and some gave you a few decent answers.
        
           | philistine wrote:
           | In the case of Apple, I would presume that they directly
           | invest under very favourable terms in the technologies, the
           | manufacturing equipment and the fabs to lock in a price. You
           | don't raise the price on the bank giving you your loans.
        
           | MangoCoffee wrote:
           | >more aggressive monetization model
           | 
           | why Westerners always thinking about aggressive increase
           | price? it may give you a short term profit but in the long
           | run. your customers will start to look else where and try new
           | technology to by pass you.
           | 
           | Apple stop paying Intel's tax. Apple stop paying Qualcomm's
           | tax. Apple stop paying Samsung's tax.
           | 
           | i just don't understand why you want to kill your golden
           | goose and its not like TSMC doesn't raise price. (they
           | increase it by 20% during covid shortage). why create a lose-
           | lose situation instead a win-win for everyone.
        
             | ajmurmann wrote:
             | The Intel example is particularly interesting as AFAIK Jobs
             | wanted to go with Intel for the iPhone. The problem wasn't
             | the different architecture but that Intel wanted
             | significant margins. Seems definitely short sighed for a
             | strategic deal like that.
             | 
             | Source: https://www.acquired.fm/episodes/tsmc
        
             | jjoonathan wrote:
             | Imagine thinking profit-seeking is just a Western thing.
             | Lol.
             | 
             | TSMC _did_ hike prices the moment they were able. If they
             | can maintain and extend their lead, they will hike them
             | further. Because they can.
             | 
             | I am sure they will frame this as a win-win. Victors always
             | do.
        
               | zopa wrote:
               | > Imagine thinking profit-seeking is just a Western
               | thing. Lol.
               | 
               | Seems pretty clear to me that the comment you're replying
               | to is talking about short-term profit maximization, and
               | not "profit seeking" in general.
               | 
               | The argument is that excessive short-term profit
               | maximization hurts you in the long run by driving your
               | customers to look for alternatives. Which you'll notice
               | only makes sense as an argument if you do care about
               | profits.
               | 
               | And I agree that it's debatable whether this is
               | specifically a Western failing or not, but it's sure
               | become a common approach over at least the last few
               | decades in the US of A.
        
               | ajmurmann wrote:
               | Isn't this a natural end state of a quasi-monopolist
               | traded in the stock market? At some point the market
               | share cannot go up by much anymore but your share holders
               | want to see growth. So the only way to show the needed
               | growth is by increasing margins.
               | 
               | Increasing prices seems fairly safe for TSMC though as
               | long as they keep their technological edge and are ready
               | to lower prices again once a viable competitor emerges.
        
             | schleck8 wrote:
             | > why Westerners always thinking about aggressive increase
             | price?
             | 
             | Why do you unironically use the word westerner? that's like
             | generalizing all of east asia
        
       | not2b wrote:
       | _For example "If we choose a left-wing Education Minister, what
       | will test scores be in five years?" vs. "If we choose a right-
       | wing Education Minister, what will test scores be in five years?"
       | and then we have a good guess as to whether the left-wingers or
       | right-wingers have better education policy on this axis._
       | 
       | If the measure of good education policy is higher test scores, in
       | a world where the tests are updated at regular intervals (and
       | they have to be, because in a changing world the things you need
       | to learn will change), just win by changing the tests. That's the
       | problem with people who try to reduce everything to maximizing a
       | utility function. Each side can drop or add things to the tests
       | based on what they consider to be important.
        
       | akmittal wrote:
       | I wonder why samsung/other companies are not investing much in
       | new Fab. There are so many Fabs planned in other parts of world
       | but almost all by TSMC.
        
         | Keyframe wrote:
         | What makes you think Samsung isn't? They just announced $17b
         | fab in US, construction starting next year.
        
           | akmittal wrote:
           | I didn't mean they aren't, but said not as much as TSMC. TSMC
           | has already announced US, Japan new Fabs and China fab
           | expension. They are also discussing with Germany and India
           | govt.
        
             | ksec wrote:
             | Because Samsung's Foundry are not as mature and profitable
             | as TSMC. You dont built Foundry and expect customer to
             | come. You wait until your customer confirm their orders
             | years in advance before you stamp that $20B cost in
             | building a new fab.
        
         | dkjaudyeqooe wrote:
         | There are always companies investing in news fabs, the
         | difference right now is that governments are subsidising them
         | for strategic and/or political reasons.
        
         | bell-cot wrote:
         | I would bet that TSMC's competitors are similarly investing in
         | new fabs. But TSMC is feeling a greater need to _publicize_ its
         | investments.
        
         | simonh wrote:
         | Samsung are investing heavily in the gate-all-around
         | architecture.
         | 
         | https://www.economist.com/business/2021/10/21/samsung-electr...
        
       | clavicat wrote:
       | Exciting. Chips made in Japan often come in weird flavors.
        
       | michaelyuan2012 wrote:
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | protomyth wrote:
       | 22- and 28-nm production technology isn't going to lessen fears
       | about being dependent on Taiwan. Nice for a lot of chips needed
       | though.
        
         | ChuckNorris89 wrote:
         | Those nodes are perfect for industries where maturity matters
         | more, like automotive, medical, industrial, etc.
        
           | protomyth wrote:
           | Yes and for a good many years in the future. It is a very
           | good, practical thing. I doubt it will decrease any political
           | concerns.
        
         | rbanffy wrote:
         | The vast majority of the chips we use are perfectly fine on 22
         | and 28 nm nodes. Not all applications require the high
         | densities a phone or laptop CPU does.
        
           | protomyth wrote:
           | I agree, that's why I added the last sentence. On the other
           | hand, I do not expect this announcement to belay any of the
           | fears over dependence on Taiwan by politicians since this fab
           | is not on the cutting edge.
        
             | robbiep wrote:
             | But can your initial proposition also be true (or is it
             | strongly true in any useful sense) in the face of the
             | second statement?
        
               | rbanffy wrote:
               | This should still be able to cover a lot of the shortages
               | we see in manufacturing. I suppose a lot of the concerns
               | motivating this are in that space more than ensuring a
               | continuous supply of bleeding edge silicon.
        
               | protomyth wrote:
               | Yes. The politicians constantly talk about the advanced
               | process and Apple. They talk about cutting edge and not
               | the logistical chain. The fear is denial of the advanced
               | process fab.
        
           | numpad0 wrote:
           | For context, Ivy Bridge is 22nm and iPhone 5s is 28nm.
        
             | barbacoa wrote:
             | And all those automotive grade semiconductor chips that car
             | companies are desperate for are in the order of 60nm.
        
               | oblio wrote:
               | For most of their stuff 60nm provides enough computing
               | power and as for actual electricity usage, that's
               | obviously dwarfed by the "move 2 tons of steel at
               | 150kmph" part :-D
        
       | politician wrote:
       | It's not like putting TSMC fabs in Japan is making things any
       | safer. A China that makes a military move on Taiwan is going to
       | feel emboldened to right more perceived historical wrongs.
       | 
       | The US needs fabs on-shore.
        
         | makeitdouble wrote:
         | > Why is TSMC building a plant in Japan?
         | 
         | > Primarily to serve Sony and other Japanese clients.
        
         | jimbob45 wrote:
         | The US has Intel and China is highly unlikely to make a move on
         | Taiwan at the peak of Taiwan's technological power. They're far
         | more likely to wait 10-20 years to when TSMC is no longer the
         | same powerhouse and then slowly come in as the benevolent
         | helping hand.
        
           | hunterb123 wrote:
           | I doubt the CCP taking the Republic of China will be slow,
           | economical, and political like we've seen them do for their
           | other puppet countries.
           | 
           | It will be abrupt and bloody. The ROC knows these strategies,
           | the only way it will fall is by force and hopefully the US
           | and other sovereign countries stand up and help against that
           | when the day comes.
           | 
           | It seems that the CCPs plan is to whittle away support from
           | all of the ROC's allies first, then crush them.
        
             | willmw101 wrote:
             | >hopefully the US and other sovereign countries stand up
             | and help against that when the day comes.
             | 
             | Genuine question, what do you think that help would look
             | like? Because every time I try and game out scenarios for
             | China re-absorbing Taiwan by force I come to the conclusion
             | it would essentially be an unwinnable 'war' by western
             | nations and likely a further erosion of the United State's
             | position as the global military superpower (on the back of
             | the Afghan pullout). China can afford to play the long,
             | slow game when it comes to their proximity and civilian
             | toll in/around Taiwan, much of the West can not.
        
             | trasz wrote:
             | "Abrupt and bloody" is the US way of doing things. China
             | has no reason for doing it like that.
        
         | bell-cot wrote:
         | One could very similarly argue that the US needs to have a
         | great many things - most of them far, far simpler than a fab -
         | on-shore. Unfortunately, the US seems uncaring. If not
         | oblivious.
        
           | megablast wrote:
           | So many things you decline to name one.
        
         | MangoCoffee wrote:
         | >The US needs fabs on-shore.
         | 
         | Intel, GlobalFoundries, TSMC and Samsung all have fabs in the
         | US.
         | 
         | TSMC have a fab at WA and building one in AZ.
         | 
         | Samsung have a fab at TX
         | 
         | US have plenty
        
           | UncleOxidant wrote:
           | The US needs more fabs in more diverse geographical
           | locations. AZ seems like a poor choice given the water
           | situation. TX may have similar issues. Maybe some fabs in
           | Canada would also be a good idea?
        
             | avs733 wrote:
             | As I understand it, the Fabs in AZ are a net positive for
             | the water situation there. They are incredibly responsible
             | users (especially compared to agriculture)
             | 
             | The major reason for them being in AZ is constant(ish)
             | weather, cheap land, workforce, and cheap power.
        
           | Something1234 wrote:
           | Yeah except most of them are in water scarce region. Texas
           | and Arizona are going to be in trouble in the next 10 to 15
           | years WRT water supply, the mighty Colorado isn't delivering
           | enough. The fossil aquifers are being depleted.
        
             | MangoCoffee wrote:
             | https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2021/06/why-do-chip-
             | makers-k...
             | 
             | "Counterintuitively, the famously thirsty industry can even
             | improve the local water supply due to a focus on
             | reclamation and purification--Intel has funded 15 water
             | restoration projects in the Grand Canyon State with a goal
             | of restoring 937 million gallons per year, and it expects
             | to reach net positive water use once the projects are
             | completed."
             | 
             | "What Arizona lacks in water, it makes up for with overall
             | stability--the state is very seismically stable and does
             | not suffer from hurricanes, with low risks of other natural
             | disasters such as tornadoes to boot. Building chip fabs
             | without such guarantees is possible--for example, Intel has
             | a large presence in Oregon--but chip fabricators on the
             | West Coast must take extreme isolation measures, which
             | Arizona plants don't require."
        
             | renewiltord wrote:
             | This is not a significant risk factor. It's the naive
             | model: "they use water, therefore they will be in trouble
             | if water becomes scarce". However through recycling to
             | reuse, the net use is low enough to not be a significant
             | risk factor.
             | 
             | Think about it. They're building a massive plant. This is a
             | basic input factor. What model of the world reconciles the
             | idea that these guys are very good at making semiconductors
             | for decades but unable to model changes in the input
             | factors over that period? Does that model sound like the
             | highest probability model to explain their behavior?
        
               | MangoCoffee wrote:
               | the water talking point is never going to die. Taiwan
               | doesn't have enough water for all its industry and semis
               | industry taking up the most water yet Taiwan managed and
               | TSMC keep building new fab in Taiwan.
               | 
               | https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2021/06/why-do-chip-
               | makers-k...
               | 
               | "Counterintuitively, the famously thirsty industry can
               | even improve the local water supply due to a focus on
               | reclamation and purification--Intel has funded 15 water
               | restoration projects in the Grand Canyon State with a
               | goal of restoring 937 million gallons per year, and it
               | expects to reach net positive water use once the projects
               | are completed."
               | 
               | reclaim the water is the key
        
               | ahartmetz wrote:
               | > However through recycling to reuse
               | 
               | Exactly! Fabs use lots of hazardous chemicals, it's not
               | like they can just dump the water contaminated with these
               | into the next river. And if they clean it, why not clean
               | it a little more and reuse it?
        
             | qchris wrote:
             | This is something I've wondered about myself. Like, if I
             | was going to be building a foundry in North America that is
             | supposed to operate 24/7 producing silicon for potentially
             | many decades and required billions of dollars of ongoing
             | investment, I'd probably try to pick somewhere in the upper
             | Midwest like Indiana, Illinois, Ohio, or even Missouri. You
             | might potentially get a little lake weather depending on
             | where you pick, but the big risks like drought,
             | earthquakes, wildfires, hurricanes, floods, and tornadoes
             | would be much less likely, there's not exactly a shortage
             | of space, and there's a number of mid-sized cities and some
             | elite universities in the region that could both help
             | attract and keep talent happy. Are the tax credits in AZ
             | really that much more attractive?
        
               | bee_rider wrote:
               | I suspect it is a tradeoff between "cheap real estate"
               | and "nearby California."
               | 
               | But if I were in charge, I'd try to put some fabs as
               | close to the Northeast megalopolis as possible while
               | still being cheap. So probably like... Pennsylvania?
               | Upstate NY? Hell, why not Maine? Better weather in the NE
               | (which isn't much of a statement, Arizona is barely human
               | habitable) and it might be interesting to experiment with
               | some alternative tech culture to Silicon Valley's (more
               | down to Earth, IMO).
        
             | JaimeThompson wrote:
             | This is an interesting article about that
             | http://large.stanford.edu/courses/2020/ph240/multani2/
        
             | jhgb wrote:
             | I think the interesting question is for what alternative
             | purpose you could use that water for in Texas or Arizona.
             | While processing a wafer might require quite a bit of
             | water, it is also the case that the economic value of that
             | finished wafer is very substantial. How comparable are
             | other industries in the region when it comes to dollars
             | generated per cubic meter of water consumed?
        
         | trasz wrote:
         | The US is on the opposite side of the Earth.
        
           | traceroute66 wrote:
           | > The US is on the opposite side of the Earth.
           | 
           | Guess its my job to remind someone that the Earth is round.
           | ;-)
           | 
           | Go to Japan on your favourite map website, zoom out, and take
           | a look to the right.
        
           | chaosite wrote:
           | The US has military bases in Japan.
           | 
           | In various other locations in the world, too, but also in
           | Japan.
           | 
           | edit: I think I may be missing your point.
        
             | trasz wrote:
             | My point is, US security is irrelevant here. It's about
             | Taiwan and Japan.
        
       | Shadonototra wrote:
       | why would anyone build chip factories in regions with high
       | seismic activity?
       | 
       | that is so fishy
       | 
       | the perfect place to build such factories in EASTERN/CENTRAL
       | EUROPE
        
         | danbolt wrote:
         | I mean, Japan's had a solid history of electronics
         | manufacturing in spite its seismic activity. Doesn't it seem a
         | bit contrary to suggest the country wouldn't be a good bet?
        
         | adventured wrote:
         | Japan has a huge number of fabs. It's a problem that can be
         | managed, short of a truly catastrophic seismic event hitting
         | Japan. It's definitely not fishy at all.
        
           | Shadonototra wrote:
           | Using existing infrastructure is a solid point, but gets
           | defeated by history that told us how often they needed to
           | stop production due to such natural events
           | 
           | Not wise considering such investment is supposed to counter
           | the current chip shortage
           | 
           | Fighting chip shortage with more chip shortage? hmm not wise,
           | nor is a future proof investment..
        
             | Kye wrote:
             | There isn't really a good place to build a fab when a short
             | disruption can cause huge delays. The next best criteria is
             | a place that's a short plane ride from HQ and politically
             | friendly with people who won't take kindly to the country
             | you're in being bombed by the country next to your HQ.
        
         | ksec wrote:
         | You do realise a third of NAND used worldwide are built on
         | Japanese soil?
        
         | manuelabeledo wrote:
         | Talent and investment. There's nothing fishy about that.
        
           | Shadonototra wrote:
           | Talent? that doesn't make any sense, talents can build things
           | everywhere in the world, talents wouldn't choose an island
           | with dense population and high seismic activity
           | 
           | Investment? i agree, you need some investment to build things
           | 
           | Wich begs the question: why would anyone decide to invest
           | there? if not to waste money, or perhaps get easy
           | government's money?
           | 
           | A way to inflate prices perhaps?
           | 
           | https://www.fierceelectronics.com/electronics/chip-plants-
           | ha...
        
             | jvanderbot wrote:
             | Talent _ecosystem_. Graduates from nearby universities
             | could intern and cut their teeth. Local professors could
             | have coffee /tea chats with everyone, ensuring high
             | throughput of relevant research. The best of the best from
             | nearby related fabs / companies / customers could be
             | poached with high salaries, or less boredom.
             | 
             | As pointed out, Japan has lots of fabs and top-rate high
             | tech companies.
             | 
             | It matters to have a pipeline of high-skill workers and
             | access to high-tech industries for a business like this.
        
               | Shadonototra wrote:
               | That's a good point, hopefully i am wrong
        
               | vlovich123 wrote:
               | US has largely given up its fab making talent. We can
               | regain it but it'll take time.
        
             | jrockway wrote:
             | > talents wouldn't choose an island with dense population
             | and high seismic activity
             | 
             | Said talent might have been born on that island, have their
             | family on that island, and speak that island's native
             | language which is not used anywhere else in the world.
        
         | dirtyid wrote:
         | Geopolitical security considerations over geographic security
         | considerations.
        
       | akmittal wrote:
       | Hopefully their discussion to setup plant in India also
       | materialise. Considering they are going for 22nm is Japan India
       | also will get something similar.
        
         | bell-cot wrote:
         | Yes. But to judge by this list -
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_semiconductor_fabricat...
         | - the situations in India and Japan are very different. (The
         | list shows only 4 fabs in India, vs. ~100 in Japan.)
        
           | akmittal wrote:
           | Everyone start somewhere, Indian government is almost
           | obsessed with getting a fab in India. India already screwed
           | up changes of getting big fabs twice.
           | 
           | Edit: India has announced $10 billion package for
           | semiconductor/display, which is lot of money. There will
           | definitely companies investing, big or small.
        
             | ksec wrote:
             | >India has announced $10 billion package for
             | semiconductor/display, which is lot of money. There will
             | definitely companies investing, big or small.
             | 
             | Unless India only wants to attract low end, mature node
             | Foundry capacity. $10B is absolutely peanuts for anything
             | that is mainstream or leading edge. Especially for India
             | when they have very little infrastructure and Foundry
             | Ecosystem.
             | 
             | And this is something I notice with India. They dont seems
             | to have a long term strategic plan with anything. It would
             | be much better if it was $50B over 10 years.
        
               | gumby wrote:
               | > Unless India only wants to attract low end, mature node
               | Foundry capacity. $10B is absolutely peanuts for anything
               | that is mainstream or leading edge.
               | 
               | I don't think this is a good "leapfrog" opportunity.
               | Start with a larger node, sell a bunch of commodity
               | parts, develop some expertise (and business and physical)
               | infrastructure. This is the path Japan and China
               | followed.
               | 
               | > And this is something I notice with India. They dont
               | seems to have a long term strategic plan with anything.
               | 
               | This has frustrated me for decades.
        
               | oblio wrote:
               | There's a ton to complain about China, but they have the
               | long term vision chiseled on a mountain top somewhere...
        
               | Grakel wrote:
               | They've been making some hard left turns lately that
               | could very well drain the gas tank from the bottom. Or
               | usher in a utopia, although it seems very unlikely. I
               | guess we'll see!
        
               | gumby wrote:
               | Mmm...maybe. Same was said about Japan in the 1980s.
               | Let's look again and 25 years and see.
               | 
               | USSR had enormous growth in the early years (well, after
               | adopting the NEP) all through the rural electrification
               | period and were favorably contrasted with the 1930s
               | depression in the west. It didn't work out though in the
               | long term.
        
               | bobthepanda wrote:
               | Having a solid long term vision is plan, only if the
               | solid long term plan is any good.
               | 
               | You trade stability for flexibility. It takes time to
               | steer a big ship, even if your current plan has clearly
               | extremely negative effects (e.g. killing all the sparrows
               | resulting in a locust population boom during the Great
               | Leap Forward). A command economy is about as big as a
               | ship can get.
        
               | s1artibartfast wrote:
               | I think you are misunderstanding the intent here. 10B
               | could pay for a new fab.
               | 
               | India is looking to subsidize fabs, so that might be 10%
               | off ten fabs.
               | 
               | Similarly, it would be foolish to go for high end fabs,
               | assuming they want them for security and supply chain
               | security.
        
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