[HN Gopher] Ask HN: What's the next big thing in computing / pro...
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       Ask HN: What's the next big thing in computing / programming?
        
       I managed to surf some of the software hype waves, some like "AI"
       have not really benefitted me in a major way and some, like crypto
       I deliberately ignore by now. What do you think is the next big
       thing in programming or computers/Internet in general? I'm thinking
       low-code or no-code tools that are actually composable by
       programmers perhaps? How about something in the physical space -
       are we going to see more types of wearables, for example? Basically
       I'm looking for ideas on what to focus my learning on in 2022.
        
       Author : xchaotic
       Score  : 54 points
       Date   : 2021-12-20 15:02 UTC (7 hours ago)
        
       | r_hoods_ghost wrote:
       | If Musk gets Starship to work and is successful in driving down
       | the costs of launching material into LEO by another couple of
       | orders of magnitude as intended then you can expect to see an
       | explosion in the numbers of cheap and cheerful cubesats, not to
       | mention experimental LEO factories and general weird stuff
       | floating around in orbit. There will be a massive need for people
       | to write control code and to process the data coming in. Unlike
       | in the past the emphasis will be on knocking out "good enough"
       | code, rather than something that is written to NASA standards,
       | because the hardware being launched will be so cheap and the
       | launch costs even cheaper. It is hard to get a grip on just how
       | much more stuff is going to be up there by the end of the decade,
       | all of which will require software writing for it.
        
       | randomNumber7 wrote:
       | GPU computing will probably grow a lot. As it's physically
       | impossible to scale up the frequency, we need to parallelize
       | programs to increase the speed of computation.
        
       | captaincrowbar wrote:
       | (1) The cloud will continue to grow. Cloud-related stuff like
       | Azure and Docker will continue to be a good learning investment.
       | 
       | (2) Once Microsoft work enough of the bugs out, which I'm
       | guessing will take another 2-3 years, I suspect Windows on ARM
       | will be the Next Big Thing, or at least one of the Big Next-ish
       | Things. ARM supplanting Intel will be a general Thing.
        
       | f0e4c2f7 wrote:
       | VR and 3D development.
       | 
       | It's much bigger than games.
       | 
       | There are some frameworks that are just now hitting their stride
       | that make it 10x easier to build virtual worlds. Unreal Engine 5
       | in particular has been interesting to me. Even today we are
       | seeing people who work full time in VR now. (mostly lower wage
       | employees in low cost of living countries). But I've also met
       | people who are self employed in VR making avatars for people in
       | VR chat or that sort of thing.
       | 
       | It's harder now with covid but if you have a chance to try VR
       | somewhere definitely do, it helps if you can experience it first
       | hand.
        
       | adampk wrote:
       | Spatial computing.
       | 
       | If all of reality is able to be piped into Unity (structure of
       | static environment, motion of sensors, dynamic object poses) you
       | can build Reality Apps the same as you can build video games.
       | 
       | You can give people spidey-senses or "the force". Everything will
       | have a UX.
        
       | 0235005 wrote:
       | I would like to say federated social networks, but it all depends
       | on how big companies are treated by US antimonopoly rulings
        
       | skadamat wrote:
       | Real personal computing, that benefits end-users on their terms.
       | In the Future of Coding community, we often use the analogy of
       | "home cooking". As in, we have restaurants & professional chefs
       | but not enough home cooks in computing. Tools & processes are
       | super different when you're cooking for yourself / family vs for
       | a restaurant!
       | 
       | There are a few trends that are tiptoeing on the edges here:
       | 
       | - tools for thought / creative tools (Muse, Nodes.io, Mem, etc)
       | 
       | - end-user programming (people trying everything from visual PL's
       | to simpler / more constrained programming interfaces)
       | 
       | - local-first software (https://www.inkandswitch.com/local-
       | first/)
       | 
       | - web3 - I'm biased here and a bit skeptical of the fervor here,
       | but matches some of the ethos / philosophy
       | 
       | - more customizable / hackable personal computing hardware
       | (https://frame.work/)
       | 
       | - spatial + tactile computing so the body can participate in the
       | thinking process (instead of only the 'head'):
       | https://dynamicland.org/
       | 
       | - explorables, games / interactive viz to quickly transfer rich
       | context: https://explorabl.es/
       | 
       | - video games, often indie ones, are exploring deep ideas: see
       | Zachtronics games, Jonathan Blow's games, some of Annapurna
       | Interactive funded games, etc. So many!
       | 
       | - open data: better end-user data tools so anyone can understand
       | the systems around them
        
         | desireco42 wrote:
         | This! I believe while we have this powerful machines at our
         | fingertips, we still haven't scratched the surface of them
         | being useful. And now, people think more about how to get
         | customers then how to make useful stuff that people would love
         | to use and it would make their life better.
        
         | jose-cl wrote:
         | check this jose (personal reminder)
        
           | mjlee wrote:
           | It's not very obvious, but if you click the "5 hours ago"
           | next to the username you get the option to favourite a
           | comment.
        
       | WA wrote:
       | 2022? Probably focus on the big things of 2021. Not much will
       | change within a year.
       | 
       | 2032? Hard to say, but it is quite possible that software and the
       | web will actually look quite similar to what we have now. I found
       | the concepts in this presentation quite intriguing [1]. Some
       | stuff like airplanes haven't changed THAT much in the last 50
       | years, because they are good enough for their purpose.
       | 
       | [1]: https://idlewords.com/talks/web_design_first_100_years.htm
        
         | xchaotic wrote:
         | airplanes haven't changed much because safety is paramount and
         | every crash is big PR fiasco so planes have not changed much
         | because the industry is heavily regulated and there are duopoly
         | players in the commercial space (Boeing/Airbus). But I concur
         | with some of your thesis...
        
           | wbsss4412 wrote:
           | Not that you're wrong, but there seems to be this implicit
           | assumption on hn of unbounded potential for innovation, when
           | it stands to reason that most things are going to hit
           | asymptotic growth at some point.
        
       | CodeGlitch wrote:
       | Digital Personal Assistants. What we have now are like the early
       | mobile phones: Large, bulky and don't work very well.
       | 
       | Imagine a personal assistant that you could have a full on
       | conversation with. I don't believe this requires full-blown AGI
       | to achieve, but improvements in language and human understanding
       | by ML might get us there.
       | 
       | Think something like the Computer from Star Trek NG.
        
       | vzaliva wrote:
       | I believe that formal verification is the next big thing. The
       | problem with software reliability and security becoming the most
       | critical one and this is the way to tackle it. There is
       | sufficient research in academia which could be used as a
       | foundation to build tools for the industry.
        
         | tester756 wrote:
         | but is formal verification required/needed to solve latest
         | security issues?
         | 
         | I mean those related to: CPUs, NPM, External Libraries, parsers
         | written in unsafe languages
        
           | vzaliva wrote:
           | In short: Yes. In many cases having solid formal foundation
           | allows to fomulate high-level properties which would allow to
           | catch even bugs like recent log4j. There is alreay a lot of
           | work on formalization of ISA/CPU definitions which could
           | allow to catch low-level bugs/expoloits.
        
             | tjansen wrote:
             | "catch even bugs like recent log4j"
             | 
             | How could it help with that? JNDI lookups were a documented
             | feature of log4j. An incredibly dangerous one, but it was
             | intended to work like that.
        
               | AnimalMuppet wrote:
               | Well... it _might_ have raised a red flag about how
               | incredibly dangerous the feature was, because there would
               | be no way to make the verification shut up about the code
               | that implemented the feature (if the verification did a
               | good job).
               | 
               | I don't know about log4j, but in the case of many such
               | features, there would be a PM or somebody insisting that
               | you have to implement his pet idea, no matter how much
               | the tool screams.
        
       | kennu wrote:
       | Web3 will go through its current hype cycle peak (with lots of
       | people both hyping and hating it), and in a few years we will see
       | what actually comes of it. I predict we will find some
       | interesting unforeseeable use cases for decentralized
       | computing/currency, but it'll take some time.
        
         | alex_duf wrote:
         | I have a bit of a knee-jerk reaction every time I hear web3,
         | and immediately picture somewhat interesting tech with not that
         | many practical applications.
         | 
         | I'm possibly lacking vision, so I'm wondering if anyone could
         | share interesting examples of that (old) new wave of
         | technology?
        
         | thaufeki wrote:
         | I'm not sure that I like the term 'Web3', as it implies that
         | everything will move in that direction, which I don't think
         | will be the case. I just refer to it as the Decentralized Web.
         | Centralization has many benefits over Decentralization and vice
         | versa. Its a very healthy thing to happen though.
         | 
         | I do think it has a place, and is a promising emerging market.
         | Which is why I've been interested in learning development in
         | that area.
        
           | kennu wrote:
           | It's not too important for me what the name is, but I think
           | the boat already sailed and the name Web3 will stick. When
           | Web 2.0 was being born, the name wasn't that important
           | either. It's just a social phenomenon that we need a common
           | moniker to refer to the technology/culture at a high level.
        
           | thecleaner wrote:
           | Web3 means using UDP as the backbone protocol and with hole-
           | punching it makes P2P interactions possible. Hence the whole
           | decentralisation bit. Tbh ipv6 can also achieve the same
           | goals but at the cost of de-anonymization since it's a unique
           | marker.
        
             | pedalpete wrote:
             | Is that really the technology capability that has been
             | added? I'm not sure you can talk about decentralized Web3
             | without talking about blockchain.
             | 
             | I credit much of Web2 kicking off with AJAX, HTML5, and
             | CSS3. Though many others would say it was lead by mobile.
             | 
             | My general thoughts, it isn't one thing, or just one
             | technology. Even Web1 was a combination of TCP/IP, HTML,
             | HTTP, and Mosaic/Netscape.
        
       | jakobnissen wrote:
       | I think people will soon realize that code is a data structure,
       | not text.
       | 
       | Like a hash map or an array, its text representation is merely a
       | human-readable interface to it. I predict the capabilities of
       | IDEs will expand, and to make their state persistent, they will
       | begin to store IDE-specific files in your source code directory.
       | Eventually this will morph into the source code itself being
       | stored in binary format and opened/searched by editors.
       | 
       | The programming language Unity is pioneering in this domain, but
       | they are too far ahead of their time. The transition to code-as-
       | data will be gradual.
        
         | feoren wrote:
         | When I see people talking about storing code in an AST
         | representation or something similar, I see people who are
         | focusing on the "happy path" and not really thinking about
         | _why_ code-as-text has been so sticky for half a century.
         | 
         | (1) Code spends a huge amount of time in a non-parsable state.
         | I need to be able to save code even when it's not currently
         | parsable into a valid AST of the language I am writing.
         | Sometimes I even need to check in this code to my source
         | control. You cannot have the primary storage of your code be
         | valid, parsed syntax trees for this reason, so you need to
         | invent a brand new format that is different from both text and
         | the AST being modeled. This format needs to be optimized for
         | programmer workflow, clarity, and communication; _not_
         | optimized for the machine.
         | 
         | (2) You need to re-invent how source control works for your
         | representation if you're not using text. This actually has a
         | lot of potential -- syntax-aware merging done well would be a
         | godsend. But this is a huge undertaking to do well, and problem
         | 1 rears its head strongly here as well.
        
         | oumua_don17 wrote:
         | >> people will soon realize that code is a data structure, not
         | text
         | 
         | Are you being tongue in cheek because most haven't realised it
         | in 63 years!!!
         | 
         | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisp_(programming_language)
        
         | mcphage wrote:
         | > I think people will soon realize that code is a data
         | structure, not text.
         | 
         | Always 5 years out, like nuclear fusion. :-(
        
       | throwaway24124 wrote:
       | Not personally excited for this, but I think the next big thing
       | will be the internet and computers becoming "hyper-transactional"
       | through crypto. I believe this is what companies like Facebook
       | are really pushing toward when they talk about Web 3.0 and the
       | metaverse. It will still, for the most part, be the same internet
       | accessed through phones and computers, but videogame-style micro-
       | transactions powered by crypto will become part of most websites
       | to access content. Since every site having micro-transactions
       | would probably piss off a lot of the general population, I think
       | there will also be an explosion of new ways to earn very small
       | amounts of crypto online, by doing mechanical turk style tasks,
       | playing a new game, creating a bit of content for someone, etc.
       | Average consumers will earn these small amounts of crypto, then
       | immediately spend them on the content they want.
        
         | clpm4j wrote:
         | I wonder if this starts to pan out whether it might lead to
         | something like the below comment regarding reduced consumption
         | of digital media. I can see a scenario where the majority of
         | businesses/apps/sites that implement this see a significant
         | drop in traffic. Generally, people like stuff for free, and
         | even though the expression of anti-advertising is in vogue, I
         | find it hard to believe that the majority of people would
         | choose paying any amount over a free/ad-induced version.
        
         | xchaotic wrote:
         | I also hope this doesn't happen, but it's a valid scenario.
        
       | andredeen wrote:
       | Wearables, as soon as fix the power.
        
       | NotThe1Pct wrote:
        
       | clavicat wrote:
       | Hopefully, realizing how unnecessarily shitty and bloated nearly
       | all existing software is and rediscovering an appreciation for
       | simplicity, reliability, and performance. There's so much low-
       | hanging fruit to be picked yet we let it rot on the vine.
       | 
       | Projects like Zig I think are the first signs that we are getting
       | fed up with what we have.
        
         | alex_duf wrote:
         | there's actually one angle that I believe has changed on that
         | topic: security.
         | 
         | Security is to me the number 1 reason to reduce bloat in any
         | application. By limiting the number of external dependencies,
         | and maybe even the number of features, you end up with a more
         | secure product.
         | 
         | It something that didn't matter as much a decade ago, but is
         | now very relevant.
         | 
         | Then there's all the other reasons, like responsiveness,
         | download size, developer experience etc, but they haven't been
         | the priority of most businesses
        
       | thom wrote:
       | Better, simpler data flow frameworks. Represent all your
       | business's logic declaratively, or at least succinctly. Connect
       | up all the inputs, batch or streaming. The platform automagically
       | maintains your data, always consistent and up-to-date. Apps are
       | just views on top of this that trigger more events later. Find a
       | bug in some of your logic? Fix it and the entire dataset
       | refreshes, with policies on how you want to deal with external
       | integrations that trigger off the back of that. This is what a
       | lot of enterprise data infrastructure already looks like, but
       | cobbled together and slow and buggy. I don't think adding no/low
       | code on top of that really moves the needle. Make it painless and
       | joyful from beginning to end.
       | 
       | If you're thinking of wearables, I personally don't think there's
       | anything interesting there until someone can work out a decent
       | high-bandwidth way of communicating with your device. Gimme
       | something like subvocalisation that doesn't require me to wear
       | something stupid or talk out loud.
        
       | softwaredoug wrote:
       | Unpopular opinion, but chase old things, not new ones.
       | 
       | The big investment in your career will be ideas that stand the
       | test of time. Relational Databases, data structures, programming
       | paradigms, math, etc. Even in machine learning, just knowing core
       | statistics and regression is more important than
       | HottestNewArchitecture :TM:.
       | 
       | Learn the ideas underneath these ideas, and you'll really grow
       | and be able to better evaluate / learn new ideas.
        
         | typon wrote:
         | When it comes to machine learning, yes it is important to know
         | statistical methods, but at this point deep learning shouldn't
         | be pejoratively referred to as the HottestNewArchitecture. If
         | you want to solve previously unsolved problems, deep learning
         | is necessary; and if you want more specific advice, learn how
         | transformers work. This class of models is qualitatively
         | different in the kinds of problems they unlock as solvable.
        
           | softwaredoug wrote:
           | I don't disagree. But I think
           | 
           | (a) Important stepwise changes in a domain are actually rarer
           | than we think. Transformers & deep learning being one good
           | example.
           | 
           | (b) Focusing on the background information prepares you for
           | that stepwise change, and recognize the stepwise change when
           | it happens
           | 
           | Instead of trying to suss out from the tech literatti every
           | new thing and chase that, I'd rather spend my time on "old
           | things" and be better prepared for the right stepwise
           | changes.
           | 
           | There's a lot of 'revolutionary' and 'big ideas' that in
           | reality are marketing and/or repackaging old ideas.
        
         | derekp7 wrote:
         | This reminds me of when I took a class on Sun Cluster. The
         | instructor went to the Sun developers for his training, took
         | everything they "invented" and drew parallels to items he had
         | back in his mainframe and mini days. Turns out, nothing new was
         | invented, just re-invented.
        
         | dmos62 wrote:
         | When you say relational databases, do you mean SQL databases in
         | particular?
        
           | majewsky wrote:
           | Not OP, but I'm going to answer "yes" from my own personal
           | perspective. As a backend developer in a team mostly
           | comprised of other backend developers, I'm constantly
           | surprised by how much the average developer fears dropping
           | down into SQL (as opposed to working in whatever ORM their
           | language offers) and how much it impedes their admin work not
           | to be able to interact with their database to find
           | inconsistencies, pull reports and such.
        
         | brazilian_ds wrote:
         | > Even in machine learning, just knowing core statistics and
         | regression is more important than HottestNewArchitecture :TM:.
         | 
         | Agreed! In my earlies as a data scientist, I was always looking
         | forward to implementing deep learning and new fancy algorithms.
         | 
         | For some real use cases, the explainability provided by a
         | simple regression is better than a more complex algorithm that
         | provides the best metric.
        
         | berkes wrote:
         | Piling on "ideas that stand the test of time":
         | 
         | - Architecture/patterns. Managing complexity, now and in
         | future, is the primary thing that differentiates a "senior"
         | from a junior IMO. Making complex stuff simple is extremely
         | difficult.
         | 
         | - CI/CD. Improving "shippability" and "shipfriendlyness" helps
         | efficiency and allows getting your software to customers
         | faster.
         | 
         | - TDD/BDD/DDD. Ability to distill features and value from vague
         | customer-feedback and domain-expert. Committing that in
         | specifications, and turning that into automated, and measurable
         | setups. the #1 skill to building software that helps your
         | users, IMO.
         | 
         | While there will remain a shortage of developers in near
         | future, the absolute amount of people producing software will
         | grow significant. The amount of software produced will grow
         | significant while existing software will continue to be there
         | too.
         | 
         | The only way to stand out is to provide real value. To provide
         | that fast. To continue providing that. And to remain able to
         | react to the market quickly.
         | 
         | I therefore believe that skills and techniques that allow you
         | to move faster, be more efficient today and in future, is far
         | more important than learning about web3, kafka, rust, go,
         | kotlin, no-code, or the latest JS framework.
        
         | samcgraw wrote:
         | > The big investment in your career will be ideas that stand
         | the test of time.
         | 
         | This is spot on in my experience.
         | 
         | As I grow in my career as a software engineer, it's funny how
         | much more often I notice that the things that set one apart in
         | the field is a level-headed understanding of the fundamentals
         | and a calm resolve to take into consideration what's worked in
         | the past, much more than one's ability to "chase the shiny".
         | 
         | Honorable mention of the Lindy Effect [1] here - one of my
         | favorite ideas from Antifragile [2].
         | 
         | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lindy_effect [2]
         | https://www.amazon.com/Antifragile-Things-That-Disorder-Ince...
        
           | bawolff wrote:
           | I think a big part also - new ideas often dont have info on
           | how they fail- its all hype. However old ideas do, so if you
           | can link them, its easier to use the new technology
           | appropriately.
        
           | rootsudo wrote:
           | So true. For me it has become RegEx, Email, Email
           | Servers/security, Excel, and sorting. Never thought I'd go on
           | about it, but man. It apparently is my niche.
        
             | xchaotic wrote:
             | Thanks. It's the same for me, actually - I built a lot of
             | my career around XML and other W3C standards and the great
             | thing about those, while complicated is that you can refer
             | to a well defined spec to see what the behaviour SHOULD be.
             | But I'm hoping it's not either/or question - I can continue
             | learning software architecture patterns and anti-pattern
             | but perhaps there is some new, realtively untapped market
             | or end-user experience where this can be leveraged.
        
         | mamcx wrote:
         | Specially when the "old things" are over-represented by things
         | like C/C++/Shell, Unix and not Pascal/ADA,
         | HyperCard/DBase/FoxPro (your "low-code" from the past!), Amiga,
         | BeOS, etc
         | 
         | A LOT of the old things were ahead of the time and forgotten.
         | Also, a lot are still in their infancy (I think RDBMs are still
         | too immature!).
         | 
         | Is likely that marrying that old things with (1, at most 2) new
         | things is the way to go.
        
       | eitland wrote:
       | Deno is the thing I think I can realistically hope for as a
       | technological breakthrough in 2022.
       | 
       | If it does it can become huge. Not because of TypeScript as a
       | native language. Not because it can create binaries. Not because
       | it has an audited standard library or any other good reason.
       | 
       | But because it includes a simple but flexible way to prevent
       | itself from doing things the author didn't want it to.
       | 
       | If we are extremely lucky other platforms will pick this up.
        
       | aaron695 wrote:
        
       | kevinwang wrote:
       | It's still ai/ml, I'd say.
        
         | whoomp12342 wrote:
         | oh man, its distributed cloud, Xaas, hyperautomatin, xr,
         | quantum computing, VUI, CNPs, and a multi experience.
         | 
         | Sorry I ran out of buzzwords
        
       | lxi92 wrote:
       | Notches.
        
       | nicoburns wrote:
       | I'm not sure if it will end up being the case, but I would like
       | to hope that open firmware and/or hardware will become a big
       | thing in the next decade. Open source software has been such a
       | game changer, and it would be amazing if we could realise the
       | same benefits in the embedded/hardware sphere.
        
         | axegon_ wrote:
         | I second this and for several major reasons:
         | 
         | 1. Prices are down(yes, lower down your guns). I'm not talking
         | about CPUs or GPUs but embedded products. It's absolutely mind
         | blowing that you can get the computational power of a mid-90's
         | computer with the size of a coin for just a few bucks. Same
         | goes for sensors, transceivers, motors and communication
         | modules.
         | 
         | 2. 3D printing has come a long way, also dirt cheap and easily
         | accessible to people and is yet another game changer for
         | prototyping. Essentially you can have a functional part in your
         | hands in a day.
         | 
         | 3. With works towards lowering carbon footprint(further
         | amplified by inflation), smart devices with low footprint will
         | become more popular-anything which will lower costs. It may
         | sound counter intuitive at first glance but you can imagine how
         | a smart home/office/factory/store/restaurant/anything could be
         | more efficient if power consumption is managed in the most
         | efficient way possible and likely far better than you ever
         | could.
         | 
         | 4. Open firmware and hardware is going to be a game changer in
         | another area which seemed completely out of reach just a few
         | years ago - space exploration. Even there, the prices have
         | dropped massively. And there's one more thing when it comes to
         | space exploration: I know that people are really on both
         | extremes when it comes to opinions on Elon Musk but here are my
         | thoughts: ignore what he says and pay attention to what he
         | does. I'm not entirely sure that he's right on electric cars
         | and I suspect that he might not be on the winning side if
         | synthetic fuels become widely available. The one thing which
         | makes me sway towards them are the billions Porsche is pouring
         | into research in that area and credit where it's due: they have
         | been right throughout the entirety of the automotive history.
         | 
         | 5. Industrial purposes. Again looking at what Elon Musk is
         | doing - I think he is giving us a glimpse of what Industrial
         | revolution 2.0 might look like. And again something which was
         | further fueled by the pandemic.
         | 
         | The one thing that I see truly missing in the picture is cheap,
         | fast and easy way to make PCB prototypes - that is still an
         | expensive and complicated endeavor. Or at least I am not aware
         | of a cheap and efficient way to do this. I've personally gone
         | as far as trying to figure out a way to use conductive paint
         | for that purpose. With 0 success so far I'm afraid.
        
           | HeyLaughingBoy wrote:
           | How cheap do you want PCBs to be? They're already at the
           | point where shipping costs dominate the price.
           | https://jlcpcb.com/
        
             | AnimalMuppet wrote:
             | If you 3D print your own, you don't have to pay the
             | shipping ;-)
        
           | xchaotic wrote:
           | This is definitely an area that is going to grow. I think
           | most of the initial growth will be in the low-end, cheap,
           | disposable projects - stuff for managing your home (IoT), for
           | example where you want as much control over the whole stack
           | as possible. The current IoT hype has blown over a little,
           | but the need to control various things around you in an
           | intelligent and safe way is still an unsolved problem, worth
           | exploring further.
        
             | axegon_ wrote:
             | > The current IoT hype has blown over a little
             | 
             | I don't think it ever picked up: It was trying to solve a
             | problem which didn't exist at the time. In the mid 2010's
             | when they started popping up, the economy was growing and
             | most of climate change, lowering carbon footprints and all
             | that was seen as "Greta Thunberg's pretentious and
             | delusional world" to working class citizens. And for the
             | most part that still would have been the case if it wasn't
             | for covid and the accompanying inflation. I don't think
             | average Joe has learned a lesson from it or realizing how
             | fragile our economy is. Almost like enforced necessity:
             | "hey my electric bill is 4 times what it used to be" opens
             | a new market. The ecosystem however was(and sadly still is)
             | appalling: You get a hama wifi enabled light bulb, you need
             | to download their app to set it up. You buy a Phillips one
             | a few months later and you need to download yet another app
             | to set it up. Not to mention the absolute hell that are
             | both google home and alexa. Worst of all is that there are
             | no efforts to open source alternatives(home assistant
             | technically relies on either google or amazon). Privacy
             | aside, their interfacing options are equally annoying. I do
             | have a few wifi enabled light bulbs and I turn them on for
             | my dog when I'm not at home through google and it is just
             | as messy as it was on day one.
        
         | Maxburn wrote:
         | Me too, I recently started using OpenWRT and I'm blown away.
         | Also used pfSense for years.
        
         | imglorp wrote:
         | There is a mountain of gatekeeping at the CPU, motherboard, and
         | firmware levels that benefits only governments and
         | manufacturers. It will need to be routed around or tunneled
         | through at each layer.
        
       | bawolff wrote:
       | I don't know, but i'm pretty sure its going to be nothing that's
       | listed here.
       | 
       | Everything listed here is stuff at the high end of the hype
       | cycle. Everyone is already looking at it. The next big thing is
       | going to be something nobody is looking at. If people are already
       | looking, it would have already happened.
        
       | justin66 wrote:
       | Plastics.
        
       | tyronehed wrote:
        
       | zachlatta wrote:
       | Right now I am super excited about computer graphics, high speed
       | consumer networking (10gbe in homes with wireless to match!),
       | high quality home-built CNC and 3D printing machines (like the
       | Prusa machines), and VR!
        
       | goalieca wrote:
       | Security is going to be the next big thing.
       | 
       | I'm hoping for a small revolution in 3rd party libs and a locking
       | down on the supply chain as a start.
        
         | wepple wrote:
         | I agree. Security/privacy aren't going to become less of a
         | problem, and knowing what is actually running on our systems is
         | a remarkably unsolved problem.
        
       | Winterflow3r wrote:
       | TinyML - running ML models on devices with severely limited power
       | supplies
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | jeppesen-io wrote:
       | ARM will continue to make inroads in the server space as adoption
       | picks up and as more and more projects target that architecture
       | 
       | Personal bias talking, but I'd expect to see modest uptick in
       | Nix[os] interest
       | 
       | Kubernetes will transition from new and exciting to a mature
       | platform. Expect less new big features and more minor
       | improvements
        
         | throwaway24124 wrote:
         | Genuinely curious, I've heard of Nix OS but I don't know
         | anything about it. Why do you think interest will grow, and
         | would you recommend it?
        
           | jeppesen-io wrote:
           | I love it, but I'd hold off on recommending it outright for
           | everyone. There's a learning curve to be sure and if you run
           | software not provided in its packing system it can take time
           | to port to the Nix way
           | 
           | Just about everything in a NixOS is configured in a
           | declarative way, but that only really scratches the surface.
           | It's the first Linux OS I've used that configuration is done
           | at a wholistic level
           | 
           | Say for example you have a RHEL/Debian Linux server and you
           | want to see how it's configured. This sounds easy, but can be
           | quite time consuming. You can see what packages are installed
           | but then you'd need to examine all the /etc files. Try and
           | see which ones are modified. Look at all services, look for
           | further configuration that may exist in /opt or /usr. When
           | you get to a certain scale tools like Chef, Puppet or Salt
           | tend to help with managing configuration. Over time to meet
           | compliance and monitoring requirements configuration can
           | grow. And that's not getting into any filesystem permissions
           | you may set.
           | 
           | If you're using `yum install` or `apt-get` to install
           | packages out of the system repos, you'll get the latest
           | package in that repo. Run that command at different times,
           | you can get a different package version
           | 
           | In NixOS the system and packages are versioned together;
           | makes for very reproducible systems. The downside/upside
           | (depending on your needs) is, updating your kernel will
           | update your packages in lockstep
           | 
           | With NixOS, you can configure a complete system with a single
           | file making Chef, Puppet or Salt obsolete. Once you get over
           | that first hurdle of using NixOS and moving your workloads to
           | it, it tends to be easier to maintain
           | 
           | The major downside I run into is that most of the world does
           | not use Nix[OS]. So if you need something not provided by
           | Nix[OS], you'll need to learn how to make your own package
           | (derivation)
           | 
           | There are many caveats to everything I said above, but its
           | the general idea
        
       | ivan_gammel wrote:
       | Regulatory technology will dominate for the rest of 2020s, while
       | we are trying to replace the Wild West of unregulated Internet
       | with something that has less negative effects on society and less
       | overhead.
       | 
       | Privacy and accessibility are extremely difficult and challenging
       | tasks. Fake news, disinformation, echo chambers and cultural
       | bubbles are growing problems. We basically need to rebuild plenty
       | of things that are part of our daily life, and this will distract
       | significant resources from the ,,next big things". More likely
       | digital society 2.0 _is_ the next big thing, that will replace
       | Meta and Google.
        
       | mmmBacon wrote:
       | As we hit physical limits of what we can power and cool, I expect
       | software will have to be more aware of those limits.
       | 
       | Heterogeneous computing is going to be the norm in everything.
       | Since we've trained a generation of programmers to be hardware
       | unaware, there is going to be increasing need for people who can
       | understand all the concepts of how to tie all these different
       | devices together to keep this huge group of people productive. I
       | would also lump network devices into this category as the trend
       | to disaggregate accelerates and lower latency access
       | protocols/methods are needed.
       | 
       | Embedded SW is going to be more important as devices get more
       | powerful. If we are truly to see AR devices I think this is
       | definitely the case. The difference between FW/SW will continue
       | to blur. Will also need people who understand HW to best optimize
       | for power consumption.
       | 
       | Power consumption aware computing and profiling. As we hit
       | physical limits of power density in data centers, we will need
       | good ways to profile power consumption of code and power based
       | optimization of code. This is obviously a thing already in mobile
       | devices. But expect power aware computing to become more and more
       | prevalent everywhere over time.
        
       | rocgf wrote:
       | I'm really just a mediocre software developer, I don't have any
       | special insight.
       | 
       | But to me it looks like some things to keep on the radar: quantum
       | computers, machine learning and more applications of it, possibly
       | blockchain/smart contracts (I'm very unsure about this one).
        
       | RedBeetDeadpool wrote:
       | Hyper IOTization. I'm coining the term.
       | 
       | - pots that tell you when they are hot.
       | 
       | - bikes that say their tires are flat.
       | 
       | - weights that track how many reps you did.
       | 
       | - shoes that tell you: stop landing on your heels so hard.
       | 
       | - pillboxes that shove pills down your throat.
       | 
       | - pillboxes that shove politics down your throat.
       | 
       | - chargers that tell you their pronouns are he/him.
       | 
       | - coffee mugs that tell you weather.
       | 
       | - pants that say you've worn them too long.
       | 
       | - windshields that tell you to stop texting.
       | 
       | - food containers that tell you maybe you shouldn't eat that
       | leftover casserole.
       | 
       | IOT is gonna be the next big thing, get on the hype train cause
       | this ones for real. Don't be left behind still writing SQL.
        
         | thecleaner wrote:
         | > shoes that tell you: stop landing on your heels so hard.
         | 
         | This might happen quite quickly. Thing is how you walk and how
         | much you abuse your legs can be a major source of problems like
         | shot knees in the long run. And these things creep, they don't
         | just happen quickly so you can't remedy it so fast.
        
           | HeyLaughingBoy wrote:
           | Already exists. I managed a project for a well-known company
           | in the sneaker industry that sends gait & foot pressure data
           | from the shoe to an app and they have been working on this
           | for probably close to a decade at this point. I can only
           | assume that they've decided that commercialization outside
           | the niche of Olympic athletes isn't worthwhile.
           | 
           | And they are definitely not the only player since I recall
           | writing some similar code for another organization in that
           | field.
        
         | AnimalMuppet wrote:
         | > pots that tell you when they are hot.
         | 
         | Tell you how? Send you a text? Yeah, no. Do not need.
         | 
         | Tell you verbally (because they expect that you're within
         | earshot of the kitchen)? _Maybe._
         | 
         | > bikes that say their tires are flat.
         | 
         | Useful, even if they do it by text.
         | 
         | > weights that track how many reps you did.
         | 
         | Marginally useful. I can count fairly well.
         | 
         | > shoes that tell you: stop landing on your heels so hard.
         | 
         | Useful, but most people won't want them.
         | 
         | > pillboxes that shove pills down your throat.
         | 
         | Pillboxes that _remind_ you to take your pills are useful for
         | those who are forgetful.
         | 
         | "Shove"? Not my pills. I presume that was sarcasm, but if it
         | wasn't, I own a sledgehammer.
         | 
         | And that's my answer to most of the rest of your list. I won't
         | buy it; if I _can 't_ buy something without it, I'll disable it
         | if at all possible.
        
       | badrabbit wrote:
       | Confidential computing and Web 3.0 type computing where servers
       | never touch user data. I also predict apps being developed to
       | support non-ad revenue stream. And I don't think the IoT hype is
       | done yet, especially if you include things like wearables.
        
       | willcipriano wrote:
       | Homomorphic encryption, if perfected would revolutionize cloud
       | computing. Imagine if you didn't have to trust the nodes, people
       | could sell spare clock cycles from their personal machines.
        
       | Delphiza wrote:
       | Anything in sustainability.
       | 
       | Climate change and related issues are driving big changes that
       | large corporates are already having to address regardless of
       | impending legislation.
       | 
       | Energy efficiency, waste management, sustainable computing,
       | carbon markets, regulatory compliance and reporting (ISO50001),
       | smart grids, EV logistics... there are so many areas.
       | 
       | Anything that you choose to focus on next year will be immensely
       | valuable and important when the demand suddenly picks up before
       | the end of the decade. You can build up on your existing
       | technical foundations.
        
       | emteycz wrote:
       | VR/AR will be big one day.
        
         | ivan_gammel wrote:
         | In 2030 we will be finally talking about going to mass market
         | with AR and wider adoption by professionals and it will take
         | another 10-15 years for it to become ubiquitous.
         | 
         | VR will never be a thing outside of gaming, porn and education.
        
         | WA wrote:
         | And chatbots
         | 
         | /s
        
         | RedBeetDeadpool wrote:
         | I actually like this answer. While I think the fact that "Meta"
         | is now focusing on this feeds into a lot of hype, I don't think
         | they are too far off base. The technology is finally getting
         | usable, and the technology ecosystem necessary to allow it to
         | be useful is mostly there. My analogy to this is that its in
         | the brick phone phase of the mid 80's. Functional, bulky, seen
         | as either a toy/gag, but has a core demographic of power users.
        
           | [deleted]
        
         | edhelas wrote:
         | My colleague and boss in 2014, 2016, 2017...
        
           | emteycz wrote:
           | Well that's on them, nobody in their right mind would say
           | that people are gonna like having big bulky computer thingy
           | on their head.
           | 
           | That doesn't mean we won't be getting laser retinal
           | projection in the next 10-20 years.
        
             | edhelas wrote:
             | That doesn't mean it will also not happen :) Hoping for a
             | technology doesn't make it appear one day.
        
       | aardvark179 wrote:
       | If I had to guess at one thing that will become of increasing
       | importance over the next decade it would be privacy and security
       | related to that. I think some jurisdictions will force this
       | issue, and companies will have to start treating large amounts of
       | personal data that might be stolen as a liability rather than an
       | asset.
       | 
       | This is likely to be a business change as much as a technological
       | one, but it's definitely going to have an effect.
        
       | edhelas wrote:
       | Reducing the usage and having an actual degrowth of electronic
       | devices consumption, and especially power consumption.
       | 
       | If we are not choosing to go there, physics will teach us the
       | hard way (it already begun).
       | 
       | Basically any region/country that is able to do the same, with
       | less hardware, less energy will have a big advantage over the
       | other regions/countries in the upcoming years.
        
         | cinntaile wrote:
         | Hardware has gotten more power hungry over the years not less.
         | As long as people are more expensive than energy/hardware, I
         | don't see this changing anytime soon. Maybe we'll get better at
         | utilizing our high performance hardware by offloading the
         | computations more and more to the cloud but overall energy
         | usage will likely keep going up. Growing economies and cheap,
         | abundant energy go hand in hand.
        
           | majewsky wrote:
           | > Hardware has gotten more power hungry over the years not
           | less.
           | 
           | Hardware has massively improved in the power/watt and
           | computation/joule categories. The increased power consumption
           | is because of rebound effect. If we really only used
           | cellphones for telephone calls and SMS, we could build them
           | to last for months on a single charge. Yet we have to charge
           | them every day because they are built to do not just
           | telephony, but also maps, reservations, banking, 3D games,
           | and so on and so forth.
        
             | cinntaile wrote:
             | I'm aware of the efficiency gains, it doesn't change what I
             | said though. Power consumption for computing won't go down
             | anytime soon in my opinion.
        
             | Zababa wrote:
             | > Yet we have to charge them every day because they are
             | built to do not just telephony, but also maps,
             | reservations, banking, 3D games, and so on and so forth.
             | 
             | While I agree with you here, I feel like people don't try
             | to optimize an already working base. For example, I
             | recently updated the clock app on my android phone. There
             | is no difference in functionality in the new app, but it
             | has the android 12 design. This time could have been spent
             | optimizing the app in a way or another. I do the same thing
             | on my phone as I did 5/6 years ago: read a lot online,
             | sometimes listen to music, sometimes look at maps,
             | sometimes use apps, telephony. My battery lasts longer
             | these days, but not as much because my phone also has to
             | show sweet animations and be able to run high-performance
             | stuff (I made the error of buying a flagship phone).
        
         | dmos62 wrote:
         | Things don't seem to be going there. We had dumb phones lasting
         | around a week in the 00s, then switched to semi-cordless
         | smartphones that need to be charged sometimes more than once a
         | day. Same for RAM and CPU usage, when looking at browsers. We,
         | developers, seem to expand our resource usage to consume
         | whatever is available, irregardless of some theoretical minimum
         | we could be aiming for.
        
       | dhux wrote:
       | I would say webassembly.
        
         | tluyben2 wrote:
         | Hope so!
        
       | mrfusion wrote:
       | Multimodal transformers
        
       | tester756 wrote:
       | I don't think anything BIG is going to happen in next half of
       | decade
       | 
       | I bet that:
       | 
       | autonomous cars will still suck.
       | 
       | CPU will just get lower and lower, but nothing fancy except maybe
       | weird shapes concepts.
       | 
       | web (browsers) will still introduce some weird not privacy
       | friendly stuff.
       | 
       | FP-ish languages ain't gonna be mainstream, probably nothing cool
       | enough for purists and good enough for mainstream will appear.
       | 
       | decreasing energy usage seems to be irrelevant cuz people will
       | use that energy in other way anyway.
       | 
       | quant computer still just fancy thing in lab.
       | 
       | __________________
       | 
       | or I've found one that I hope will be big! air purifier's cost
       | and efficency improvements! shit's so expensive, yet so important
        
       | bflesch wrote:
       | Automation of real-world things (robotics)
        
       | nathias wrote:
       | Crypto by another name.
        
         | _eht wrote:
         | Web3!
        
       | conor_f wrote:
       | I think that decentralization is coming in a big way. The myriad
       | of scandals and corruption surrounding the largest tech companies
       | being one of many push forces, and platforms supporting self
       | hosting with little technical expertise and products encouraging
       | the same being pull forces.
       | 
       | A small bit of confirmation for this in my mind is the increase
       | in companies switching to a business model that is aware of this.
       | "We will host it for you for a fee, but we fully support self-
       | hosting too." ala Gitlab and Ghost
       | (https://ghost.org/docs/hosting/)
        
       | kristov wrote:
       | I am possibly alone in thinking the biggest thing to happen in
       | computing in the 80s/90s was the spreadsheet. Having an
       | immeasurable affect on the productivity of organizations large
       | and small, to this day. So what does the 21st century version of
       | the spreadsheet look like?
        
         | null_shift wrote:
         | no/low code tools that are accessible/useable by the masses.
        
         | maxlamb wrote:
         | Airtable?
        
       | wrnr wrote:
       | At the other end of no/low code there is adoption of advanced
       | computer graphics techniques that originated game programming and
       | machine learning that focus around the GPU.
       | 
       | * Better GPU API on web and native with WebGPU
       | 
       | * Use of compute shaders to interface with trained NN models or
       | to "replace" css.
       | 
       | * Easy reactive programming using immediate mode UI powered by
       | GPU instead of CPU
       | 
       | * Data driven design ala ECS where your ECS lives in the cloud.
       | 
       | Not just for 3D AR/VR but also business/productivity apps in 2D.
        
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       (page generated 2021-12-20 23:02 UTC)