[HN Gopher] Against 3x Speed
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Against 3x Speed
        
       Author : Ariarule
       Score  : 470 points
       Date   : 2021-12-20 04:41 UTC (18 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (perell.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (perell.com)
        
       | semireg wrote:
       | I haven't read the whole article but I'm deeply opinionated about
       | this topic.
       | 
       | I was a good but not great student in college. The computer
       | science classes bored me to death.
       | 
       | Years later, post college, I wanted to learn iOS mobile app
       | development. I used the Stanford lecture series but couldn't stay
       | focused until ... I tried 2x speed. All of a sudden it started
       | making sense. When I got lost I hit pause, rewound, watched a few
       | min at 1x.
       | 
       | My feeling is that teaching and learning are gears in a machine.
       | If they are mismatched in speed the student either gets lost, or
       | purposefully gets themselves lost by daydreaming.
       | 
       | 10 years later I still listen to podcasts and watch most of
       | YouTube at 2x. It's a sweet spot for me.
       | 
       | When listening to a very interesting podcast (shout out to How I
       | Built This w Guy Raz) I'll often pause to write down notes, but
       | I'm almost never feeling like it's too fast to ingest.
       | 
       | Sometimes I'm self conscious that I talk too fast around other
       | people - giving them information overload. Too bad my brain and
       | mouth don't have a 1/2x button. Ha!
        
         | Kranar wrote:
         | I am so happy you said this. I always felt like the majority of
         | lectures and content overall is ceremony and that most of the
         | actual substance comprises maybe 15-20% of the overall content.
         | There are times when I can appreciate ceremony, especially if
         | it's being given by a good performer, a great writer or a
         | passionate lecturer. Unfortunately most teachers are not
         | passionate or good lecturers, most educational videos are not
         | that engaging, and many authors are not good writers, and so in
         | most cases I could strip out 80% of the content and spare
         | myself the boredom.
        
         | madmax108 wrote:
         | "I haven't read the whole article but I'm deeply opinionated
         | about this topic."
         | 
         | Sometimes I truly feel like this should be the unofficial motto
         | of HN ;)
         | 
         | > 10 years later I still listen to podcasts and watch most of
         | YouTube at 2x
         | 
         | The sweet spot for me is between 1.5x and 1.7x (Usually speed
         | controls aren't fine-grained enough to allow 1.7x but apps that
         | do earn extra brownie points from me eg. VLC). It's always
         | weird having to explain this to friends who tend to think that
         | I'm always listening to is a rap documentary :-D
        
           | nokcha wrote:
           | > Usually speed controls aren't fine-grained enough to allow
           | 1.7x
           | 
           | On most sites, you can set an arbitrary speed by executing a
           | line of JavaScript in the debug console:
           | document.querySelector('video').playbackRate = 1.7;
           | 
           | https://stackoverflow.com/questions/3027707/how-to-change-
           | th...
        
         | biesnecker wrote:
         | I'm in a similar boat. 1.75x is probably the best speed for me
         | for most speakers, but until I was able to speed up audio/video
         | I also had a really hard time paying attention in lectures /
         | watching informative content.
        
       | tristanperry wrote:
       | I watch Netflix at 1.25x and YouTube at 1.5x-2x - but this is
       | mainly because I find some shows/channels a bit too slow at 1x
       | speed.
       | 
       | Some YouTube channels are unbearable at 1x speed due to the slow
       | speaking speed.
       | 
       | 3x speed probably is hard to genuinely acquire knowledge
       | effectively for most people - although I have heard of blind
       | people who do 2.5x-3x with ease, so who knows.
        
       | nightski wrote:
       | Or maybe speed really isn't that important. Just make sure that
       | what you are learning is important. There is a lot of information
       | out there that just doesn't matter. Focus on what actually has an
       | impact to you and not all of the things you think you "should"
       | learn because someone else said so.
        
       | furyofantares wrote:
       | ADHD prevents me from consuming lots of content at 1x speed _at
       | all_. Trying to listen to a lecture is incredibly painful. I
       | completed college in 2006, I believe YouTube launched 2x speed a
       | few years later, it wasn 't until then that I discovered I'm
       | perfectly capable of listening to a lecture at 2x.
       | 
       | Now, perhaps I get less out of a 2x lecture than a neurotypical
       | person who is otherwise my peer does from a 1x lecture. Maybe
       | even a lot less. But it doesn't matter, because I get a lot out
       | of a 2x lecture and nothing out of a 1x lecture.
        
         | thescriptkiddie wrote:
         | I was literally just watching a youtube video at 1x speed and
         | now I realize that I somehow ended up on here and have missed
         | the rest of the video. That never happens when I'm watching on
         | 2x speed.
        
         | BeFlatXIII wrote:
         | For podcasts and video, I'm right with you. A decade ago when I
         | was in the physical classroom, I didn't mind the 1x interaction
         | because it was slow enough that my pencil could keep up when
         | writing notes (which was my secret to getting much higher test
         | grades than my classmates in spite of many fewer hours spent
         | actively studying).
        
       | colanderman wrote:
       | 3x speed is an accessibility feature for anyone who has trouble
       | paying attention at slower rates. The rules of grammar mean that
       | people often need to speak far more words than is necessary for
       | some concepts. Pause and rewind buttons exist for passages which
       | are actually information dense.
       | 
       | (The same is true of writing; entire paragraphs exist for no
       | reason other than maintaining structure. Fortunately, well-edited
       | works follow rules of paragraph style and structure -- first
       | words, subect; final words, conclusion -- which enable effective
       | skimming.)
        
       | quadrangle wrote:
       | I agree with other commenters: it's all about the content.
       | 
       | I listen to most podcasts at 2x at least because they often are
       | too much chatter or are repeating things I know. But sometimes I
       | pause them to think when something new arises. In other cases,
       | like some types of YouTube videos, I watch at 0.75x because they
       | are way too fast and have no white-space, way too dense.
       | 
       | And in all of this, the MAIN thing I learn is WHAT the podcast
       | was. I don't learn the deepest understanding of some subject. I
       | learn THAT the subject exists (a very specific bit within a
       | subject sometimes).
       | 
       | Here and there, I encounter some truly applicable, practical
       | concepts, and then I have to put them to use and revisit them in
       | order to really learn and master them.
        
         | orangepanda wrote:
         | It does depend on the content. Personally, if its for
         | entertainment I default to x2 speed (thanks apple tv+ for
         | including x2 speed instead of netflix's x1.5 half measure); but
         | for educational purposes I go down to x1.5
         | 
         | The downside is, after a few days of getting used to it, x1
         | content feels like slow motion.
        
       | elchief wrote:
       | Meh. I did several AWS courses on Udemy at 1.75x speed, and did
       | pretty well on the exams
       | 
       | To me, that is reasonable evidence that video learning at speed
       | works, at least in the short term
       | 
       | Also, I suffer ADHD. I'd say listening at speed forces me to pay
       | closer attention
        
       | tdrdt wrote:
       | This reminds me of the multi-tasking myth.
       | 
       | People who multi-task think it works because they did a lot of
       | different things throughout the day.
       | 
       | But when performance is measured the conclusion is that multi-
       | tasking does not work and only hurts the brain.
        
       | JoshTko wrote:
       | Mike has anxiety.
        
       | celeritascelery wrote:
       | I think the playback speed should be variable depending on the
       | information density of the content. I will generally listen at 2x
       | speed, but for something that is really information dense I will
       | slow it way down, sometimes all the way to 1x.
       | 
       | Even sometimes when I am listening to something at higher speeds
       | if they say something really interesting I will pause the content
       | and just think about it for a few minutes.
       | 
       | I think this is only possible because "completing X books per
       | year" is not part of my identity.
        
       | cryptonector wrote:
       | I watch everything I can in 2x speed, except for exceptionally
       | fast talkers (those I watch on 1.5x, usually).
       | 
       | I think I could go up to 2.5x speed, but most video sites do not
       | provide an option for that.
       | 
       | 1x is just too slow.
       | 
       | And yes, I get everything at 2x. Not everyone can. I know one
       | person with an auditory processing disorder who cannot manage
       | even 1.5x without a lot of effort. I suspect handling 2x is
       | partly about skill, but not entirely.
        
       | JimTheMan wrote:
       | I'd argue that 95% of all learning, is learnt by doing.
       | 
       | Merely listening to something without properly interrogating your
       | understanding of it.. you will end up with a bunch of shallow and
       | untested knowledge. At best, a boffin.
       | 
       | It's imperative to build, discuss, interrogate, trial and fail.
        
         | omgitsabird wrote:
         | Semantic memory isn't procedural memory or episodic memory.
         | 
         | Just listening to something is completely different than being
         | able to do something with what you just listened to.
         | 
         | Learning involves more than just recalling things from memory.
        
         | serjester wrote:
         | I'm not a fan of this dichotomy - you assume the two are
         | mutually exclusive. There's analysis paralysis (no "doing") on
         | one extreme and blind ambition on the other (no book
         | knowledge). I doubt many people advocate either.
         | 
         | Why can't you build things while setting aside time to learn
         | from other peoples mistakes?
        
         | gherkinnn wrote:
         | Not quite sure. Many things clicked while I was either idle or
         | doing something completely unrelated.
         | 
         | But then applying that insight and playing with it in various
         | dimensions is what built an intuition.
        
         | globular-toast wrote:
         | If you mean time spent, then yes, about 95% of time spent
         | learning is doing. But you're talking about the cost, not the
         | benefit. Learning by doing is very inefficient. You gain much
         | deeper knowledge, but it can only possibly be in a very narrow
         | area. If you spend only 5% of your time
         | reading/listening/watching stuff, this more than pays for
         | itself. You don't need to have experience programming a network
         | stack before knowledge of it becomes useful. For almost
         | everyone out there, knowledge is enough.
        
         | TomSwirly wrote:
         | It really depends on who you are.
         | 
         | I learned Indonesian more or less from reading an excellent
         | grammar book about twenty times over years.
         | 
         | And then I went there, and to my shock, I was able to speak it.
         | 
         | The high point was when I had an argument with people in the
         | airport about the amount of airport tax and got them to concede
         | they'd done the exchange rate right, all in Indonesian.
         | 
         | I would _not_ recommend that way of learning language to
         | anyone, but I just love grammar books, and I had a lot of spare
         | time those years.
         | 
         | But I do agree with your point. Heck, I probably would have
         | learned faster with a workbook and exercises.
        
         | resonious wrote:
         | I'm inclined to agree. There's a profound difference between
         | how I remember something I've heard and how I remember
         | something I've done - even if it's something I've heard through
         | spaced repetition.
        
         | pha392 wrote:
         | Totally trial and fail
        
         | npteljes wrote:
         | I agree, but I can't exactly build a reactor, a SARS variant,
         | or the holocene.
        
           | throaway46546 wrote:
           | The first two are probably possible if legally dubious.
        
             | npteljes wrote:
             | Yeah it's not the same trial-and-error as, say, making a
             | basic Rails web app.
        
         | legulere wrote:
         | I disagree, if you are just doing you won't be learning new
         | things. I work at a place where there a lot of of long-timers
         | are there and at that time there were only people that can from
         | different fields. Those people work since 10, 20 years without
         | even mastering what they do.
         | 
         | If they have to do something new they either give up or just
         | try to come up with something on their own. Most of the time
         | people have done things like that before and you can just read
         | about them or look at their code.
        
           | farhanhubble wrote:
           | You're right! I'd say doing is important for actually
           | understanding and retaining information while reading is
           | important for understanding the triumphs and failures of
           | others and "stealing" ideas.
           | 
           | Interspersing the two is perhaps the best way of learning.
           | For example you don't want to learn to swim by watching 12,
           | hour-long videos on swimming techniques, costumes and its
           | history. You do wanna watch a 15 minute instructions video on
           | how to get your feet wet and then go ahead and actually get
           | your feet wet and then come back and watch the next 15
           | minutes of video on how to step into the pool.
        
         | habeebtc wrote:
         | Strongly agree. I would always fall asleep in class in college.
         | 
         | Once I got into the workforce I would avoid this learning gap
         | by creating side projects or taking extra work which was aimed
         | at learning specific new things.
         | 
         | If I sat through talks or presentations I would just
         | information dump into a text file which I would data mine
         | later. The taking of the notes helped some with retention, but
         | organizing it according to my own thought process helped make
         | it more navigable later when I was stuck on something.
         | 
         | Works pretty well for me in my career. YMMV if you try the same
         | thing.
        
           | [deleted]
        
       | strulovich wrote:
       | Interestingly, the author mentions people lose focus after 10-18
       | minutes anyhow. So maybe speeding up things gets them more
       | information during that initial focus time?
       | 
       | (Other than this silly note, I generally agree with a lot of the
       | author's sentiment)
        
       | ckuehne wrote:
       | "The assumption is that people can acquire knowledge as if it's a
       | substance they can pour into their minds. I call it the Water in
       | a Cup method"
       | 
       | In German-speaking countries, there has been a name for it since
       | 1647: Nuernberger Trichter
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuremberg_Funnel
        
       | reificator wrote:
       | I've made meaningful progress on things I'm learning by listening
       | to podcasts at 3x speed + "Smart Speed". Could I have made more
       | progress by listening slower? Maybe, though that's debatable.
       | Would I have even started? Absolutely not.
       | 
       | Before I ever found speed controls I'd start listening to
       | podcasts and then just give up because it felt so boring and
       | slow. "Why would I listen to podcasts or audiobooks when I could
       | read them at several times the speed, back up, reread things,
       | copy sections into my notes, and skim past the parts I already
       | know?" is a common thing I used to say. Podcasts don't have an
       | index like a real book, and it's hard to flip back and forth
       | between two sections.
       | 
       | Now, I'm not listening to podcasts related to programming,
       | despite that being my main profession. I'm listening to a podcast
       | about a hobby and one I'd like to improve at, and I'm doing it
       | while I work, drive, or otherwise do things that don't demand
       | that part of my brain. I'm also not afraid to rewind or slow
       | down, particularly if there's a guest on whose voice I'm not
       | familiar with.
       | 
       | There are over 600 episodes (maybe 700 by now?) in the backlog of
       | the main podcast I'm listening to right now, each between 30
       | minutes and 4 hours, with an average around an hour and a half or
       | so. That's a lot of audio. I've been listening for months and am
       | around 175 or so episodes in. If I was listening at 1x speed then
       | this podcast might be a 5 or more year commitment.
       | 
       | If I was studying for a test, maybe I'd slow it down. Maybe I'd
       | choose a format like text where available. But this particular
       | show is not in lecture format. It's structured as an ongoing
       | discussion between people who want to improve at something very
       | intricate and ever changing. I'm listening to hear how different
       | people approach these situations. So having the speed of the
       | conversation be fast enough that I'm not losing the thread of
       | what's going on is more important than catching every little
       | detail.
       | 
       | I'm listening to hear stories, or for debates between people who
       | look at the problems in different ways and want to find holes in
       | their own approaches. I'm listening for what people's mindsets
       | are like and how their opinions change over time as they gain
       | more experience and revisit topics they've covered in the past.
       | 
       | I also listen with the intent of deliberately practicing the
       | thing they're talking about, and use that to build up my own
       | experience and opinions. For any given topic that comes up on the
       | podcast I can typically tell you the stance of each of the hosts
       | as well as any guests that were on, and I can tell you whether I
       | think their reasoning is sound based on my own attempts. So while
       | my listening is passive I actively engage with the content on a
       | regular schedule.
        
       | austinl wrote:
       | "You should be extending your stay among writers whose genius is
       | unquestionable, deriving constant nourishment from them if you
       | wish to gain anything from your reading that will find a lasting
       | place in your mind. To be everywhere is to be nowhere." -- Seneca
       | c. 65 AD
       | 
       | I used to try to read a lot of books, but when I found I couldn't
       | discuss them in detail in a conversation or recall their key
       | points, I thought, "what is the point?" Now I try to re-read one
       | book I thought was meaningful for every new book. I still enjoy
       | reading new material, so this is just a rule of thumb. There's a
       | ton a value in re-reading things!
        
         | kej wrote:
         | > Now I try to re-read one book I thought was meaningful for
         | every new book.
         | 
         | As a random piece of trivia, this was C.S. Lewis's rule as
         | well: "It is a good rule after reading a new book, never to
         | allow yourself another new one till you have read an old one in
         | between."
         | 
         | I think it's a good idea but I struggle to follow it when my
         | list of books to read is so much longer then I'll ever
         | complete.
        
       | btheshoe wrote:
       | I watch my lectures at between 2x(math classes) and 3.5x(business
       | classes) speed. Most professors just talk unconscionably slow,
       | and done kitties focus in material so basic that I don't really
       | have to understand every word.
        
       | qwerty456127 wrote:
       | > Listening to audiobooks at 3x speed is born out of a flawed
       | model of learning
       | 
       | Also out of a flawed model of writing books which mostly are
       | bloat and take hundreds of pages for what could be explained in a
       | page or two.
        
         | ghaff wrote:
         | I honestly don't think that any decent book can be effectively
         | condensed into a page or two. The basic concept maybe but not
         | useful background and examples.
         | 
         | That said, it's true that publishing economics tend to force
         | books to a minimum length of 250-300 pages. And it's true that
         | a lot of business books for example would probably do fine with
         | being something in the 100+ page range, i.e. longer than a
         | magazine article but shorter than most books.
        
       | adverbly wrote:
       | Speeding up is an incredible tool for active consumption. As with
       | all tools, you have to know when to use it.
       | 
       | That said, most simple content I consume at 2x. Slower speeds
       | waste time and dont provide enough info per sec for me to be
       | fully engrossed in a topic.
       | 
       | I make heavy use of slowing down and taking notes and rewinding.
        
       | vmception wrote:
       | clickbait.
       | 
       | this has nothing to do with the speed, it has to do with quality
       | of information and implementation of it. there are people that
       | never absorb anything or implement anything.
       | 
       | I can relate to Mike as well, I was one of those people that
       | always had a side project hoping it would magically get big
       | enough for me to quit my day job. No book helped with that, what
       | did help was that I was at a company that ran out of money and
       | eventually let my division off. I was raising capital on my lunch
       | breaks and that was inefficient, so I realized that I actually
       | didn't need to look for another job for once, and continued
       | raising capital full time.
       | 
       | Capital made the next project big enough, and it was non-dilutive
       | capital too, which skips any organic side project growth hopes.
       | 
       | So there should actually be more sympathy for the Mikes of the
       | world. They are too comfortable, (or perhaps uncomfortable), to
       | quit their job no matter what they learn.
        
       | Reason077 wrote:
       | > _" He ... stopped taking the subway to work because the train
       | noise made it impossible to hear the audiobook narrators. "_
       | 
       | He should try noise cancelling headphones! Surely one of the
       | greatest inventions of the early 21st century.
        
         | khariel wrote:
         | It was when riding the subway with my noise-cancelling
         | headphones that I realized how good an investment it was. Oh,
         | the bliss.
        
       | bluedino wrote:
       | Reminds me of my shelf of O'Reilly books.
       | 
       | Each one goes along side with a weekend or week of reading and
       | learning. A few of them were something I needed to learn to get
       | something done for work. A few more were things I learned for
       | personal use.
       | 
       | But the majority of them, I just read because "I might need to
       | know more about" something. Building Microservices? Java 3D
       | Graphics? Python for Data Analysis?
       | 
       | Read at least a couple chapters of each. Wasted time for sure.
        
       | Nursie wrote:
       | > If we embraced the benefits of active learning, our classrooms
       | would look nothing like they do today. The average classroom is
       | set up for passive listening. It's geared towards consuming
       | knowledge, not integrating it. Desks are lined up in punitive
       | rows
       | 
       | To play devil's advocate, I learned actively in classrooms that
       | looked very much like that. Mathematics, for instance, can be
       | taught in such a way that kids at desks which are lined up to
       | face the front can be shown a concept and then given exercises in
       | which to apply it.
       | 
       | I don't remember school being at all similar to university
       | lectures, there was far more interaction with the teacher, and
       | far more "now lets take some time to work through examples"
        
         | pha392 wrote:
         | There's nothing wrong with passive listening, but it's awful if
         | it's the only way to teach
        
           | Nursie wrote:
           | Sure, but I don't think that classroom layout dictates that
           | passive listening is the teaching method in use, personally.
           | One can have the kids facing forward but still be engaging
           | them with exercises and active learning.
        
       | polote wrote:
       | First, listening 3x is impossible for most content, I almost
       | never listen to x1 but I'm very rarely able to go past x2.5.
       | 
       | Also at that speed it is almost impossible to understand complex
       | things, so if you listen at x3 or x2 and you never go back or
       | reduce the speed to understand specific parts then you are not
       | listening.
       | 
       | On Youtube
       | 
       | - Shift+> or Shift+< let you increase or decrease the speed at
       | all time
       | 
       | - Left and Right let you go back 15 secondes backwards or
       | forwardds
       | 
       | This makes it super easy to skip or speed useless parts and go
       | back and slow down usefull ones
       | 
       | Last, people who say they listen to podcasts or videos to learn
       | are not learning anything, podcasts or videos are just good ways
       | to have a broad understanding of a topic
        
       | trabant00 wrote:
       | The few podcasts I listen to, I do so in 0.2x speed or even less.
       | Not by slowing the playback speed, obviously, but by pausing and
       | rewinding very often to think about what has been said and even
       | take notes if I find something that resonates with me.
       | 
       | Most podcasts though I listen to at infinite speed, meaning I
       | don't listen to them at all. You can go through them 2-3x speed
       | because there's really nothing there.
       | 
       | It's like code: if it's boilerplate you can just skim it but if
       | it's really doing something you have to read it slowly multiple
       | times. And just like the saying: nothing of value is easily
       | gained.
       | 
       | If you find yourself speeding though things - in general, not
       | just podcasts - I would ask myself if they're worth doing at all.
        
         | tempestn wrote:
         | At 3x, sure. But I regularly listen to podcasts at about
         | 1.3-1.4x, depending on how quickly the hosts talk. When you
         | actually are paying attention, 1x can just be really slow
         | sometimes. I think of it more like bringing it to a comfortable
         | speed where I don't feel like I have to wait for them to get on
         | with it, than trying to speed through it as quickly as
         | possible. I, too, will sometimes pause to think (or talk) about
         | what I've just heard though, so perhaps by your metric I'm at
         | less than 1x on average too...
        
           | Aromasin wrote:
           | This is my issue also. I'm guilty of being a 2x'er, not
           | because I believe I'll absorb more information faster, but
           | because I find most narrators/podcast hosts tend to slow down
           | their speech significantly when recording something for
           | consumption. Be it because their reading speed is worse than
           | their talking speed, or that they think they need to for
           | effect like some 1940's Trans-Atlantic radio host, I find it
           | painful to listen to most of the time.
        
         | porker wrote:
         | > The few podcasts I listen to, I do so in 0.2x speed or even
         | less. Not by slowing the playback speed, obviously, but by
         | pausing and rewinding very often to think about what has been
         | said and even take notes if I find something that resonates
         | with me
         | 
         | Which podcasts have you found that contain thought provoking
         | information? I've tried to get into podcasts but haven't found
         | the ones to keep my interest yet.
        
           | sandgiant wrote:
           | Psychology in Seattle has some excellent well researched
           | content. It has very concretely changed or modified my
           | perspectives on relationships, parenthood and mental illness.
           | 
           | The "deep dives" are definitely the best.
        
           | alexanderchr wrote:
           | Sean Carrol's mindscape sometimes can be very good.
        
             | alexfoxgill wrote:
             | +1, i also like Sam Harris's Making Sense which is a little
             | more pompous but still interesting
        
           | trabant00 wrote:
           | "The History of Rome" and "Philosophize This". I finished
           | them both in a superficial way, while driving on my daily
           | commute. Now I listen to them in my spare time and try to
           | really dig deep, take notes and read the original material on
           | topics that resonate to me. After I finish them again this
           | way I will search for something of similar quality.
           | "Revolutions" seems to be it.
        
             | Errancer wrote:
             | I highly recommend "History of philosophy without any
             | gaps".
        
             | sofixa wrote:
             | I'm currently listening to the end of the Russian
             | Revolutions part of the Revolutions podcast (the last one),
             | and I'm quite happy with the quality and depth, i recommend
             | it heartily. I had a decent understanding of the subject
             | matter from generic history knowledge and The Great War
             | series on YouTube ( which i also recommend!) and there was
             | still a whole lot i learned. I do listen it on 1.1x
             | however, the normal speed is a bit slow for me ( and
             | slightly overflows the slot I've alloted for podcasts).
        
             | aspyct wrote:
             | Oh, the history of Rome. Don't know about this particular
             | podcast, but the history is absolutely amazing and 1000%
             | worth reading/listening about.
             | 
             | I've always hated history lessons at school. But the
             | history of Rome was amazing! Good teacher too. I guess it
             | was the audiobook of the time :D
        
           | the-alt-one wrote:
           | Tides of History, In Our Time, Revolutions, Stronger by
           | Science.
           | 
           | I like finding and listening to lectures on Apple podcasts
           | too, like Zizek.
        
       | kreetx wrote:
       | You don't need a plugin to increase/decrease speed, the following
       | bookmarklet works for most sites to increase speed by 10%:
       | 
       | javascript:(function(){ let speed
       | =[...document.querySelectorAll('audio,video')].filter(v =>
       | v.currentTime > 0)[0].playbackRate += .10; console.log('media
       | speed', speed); })()
        
       | allenu wrote:
       | I think I've spent too much time on learning and also too much
       | time in planning earlier in my career and life. I think it's a
       | blind spot if you're an analytical type. It ends up being an
       | excuse to not complete things. There's always something else that
       | you "need to know" that blocks you.
       | 
       | Nowadays, I realize that it feels good to learn new things, but
       | if it's not in service of an actual "deliverable" of some sort, I
       | don't end up using it.
       | 
       | More recently I've gone the other way and just try to do and make
       | things, even if I don't have an exact plan on how I'm going to do
       | it. It ends up focusing my learning as well. Plus I'm actually
       | more productive since I'm always focused on producing something
       | as opposed to focusing on planning to produce something.
        
         | VMtest wrote:
         | Anyone can choose to learn new things or not
         | 
         | Until the management starts asking what are the pros and cons
         | of new tools to be introduced into the stack and nobody can
         | answer them, they will hire new experts to join the company and
         | who knows who else is going to be obsolete anyway
        
         | klabb3 wrote:
         | > I think I've spent too much time on learning and also too
         | much time in planning earlier in my career and life. I think
         | it's a blind spot if you're an analytical type. It ends up
         | being an excuse to not complete things. There's always
         | something else that you "need to know" that blocks you.
         | 
         | I'm in this text and I don't like it. Jokes aside, I want to do
         | and experiment more but I struggle with analysis paralysis and
         | striving for perfection, often upfront.
         | 
         | I need to move in the direction you did. How did you break out
         | of this pattern? How do you deal with thoughts like "there's a
         | better, cleaner way to do this and if I just analyze I can find
         | it"?
        
           | qaid wrote:
           | I will take a stab at this since I am transitioning away from
           | this mindset myself.
           | 
           | Find your highest priority item, break it down, and work on
           | each task, one at a time.
           | 
           | If it's not critical, let go of control and be okay failure,
           | both from yourself and others.
           | 
           | Since you are also the type who wishes to analyze, dedicate
           | some time once a week for a retrospective (what went well,
           | what didn't go well, what could have improved) and use those
           | to come up with action items.
           | 
           | Or, if that's too much, my original advice for you was "just
           | do it."
        
           | allenu wrote:
           | To me, a big part of my mental shift was just realizing how
           | much code or process I follow doesn't actually deliver
           | customer value. I want to make things that affect people or
           | improve lives and the longer I spend polishing what I'm
           | making, the less I'm getting feedback.
           | 
           | I used to work in a large company on a team that essentially
           | developed frameworks for other teams to use. I would often
           | think through designs from several different angles and try
           | to create an API that could work in any scenario. After
           | shipping our frameworks, I often found that the "customer"
           | (i.e. the other team) would use what I made in a different
           | way from what I had expected. That meant a lot of the
           | thinking I poured into the project was unnecessary. I really
           | just had to look at that one particular use case and design
           | for that.
           | 
           | After a while I started working backwards and went directly
           | in the customer team's codebase to start integrating
           | potential API designs to ensure it would work for their use
           | case. That saved a ton of guesswork and eliminated a lot of
           | code waste.
           | 
           | So I guess my advice is to question everything you work on
           | and ask if there's a simpler/cheaper way to build just what
           | you need. I usually aim for creating a proof of concept now
           | to ensure that I only build what I need. It often means
           | hacking things to make it work, and then afterwards clean up
           | the hacks, but to be honest, a lot of hacks are good enough,
           | if they are isolated. Also, try to develop a mindset of
           | always aiming to deliver an output to ensure you don't get
           | bogged down with analysis paralysis.
        
       | nxpnsv wrote:
       | The optimal speed very much content and goal dependent. Some
       | narrators just speak slowly, some books are very information
       | dense, and are you trying to memorise the entire book or just
       | pick out a few points?
        
       | elil17 wrote:
       | Listening at 3x speed and concentrating deeply on the material
       | =\= listening at 3x speed while trying to multitask
       | 
       | Most informative content is, I have observed, fairly slow and
       | repetitious. This is a good way to produce content because it is
       | fair to assume that most people will not be fully mentally
       | engaged in what you're trying to tell them. That's not a bad
       | thing - your audience may simply not understand the importance of
       | what you're trying to say until they've heard it once). However,
       | viewers who want to fully engage with content may find themselves
       | having trouble concentrating due to the slow speed of
       | information.
       | 
       | Personally, I use 1x for most entertainment and for informative
       | material if I'm doing some other activity like chores or driving,
       | 2x for entertainment content which has a lot of fluff (e.g.
       | pretty much everything on YouTube these days), and 2.5x for
       | informative content which I am giving my full attention to
       | (although I often pause to consider what's been said or rewind to
       | rewatch a dense portion of the content at a slower speed). That's
       | a pretty good balance for me.
        
       | TrackerFF wrote:
       | Reminds me of college - where you'd try to find ways to cram 4
       | months of lectures into 4 days. Unless you're on ADHD meds,
       | studying 20 hours a day with laser focus, the next thing would be
       | to take in as much information as possible...which included
       | speeding up videos.
        
       | Dylan16807 wrote:
       | Most of this isn't really about the speed, it's against rushing
       | your way through as many pieces of content as possible.
       | 
       | If you decide a number of books per month up front, the question
       | of how fast to read each one looks very different. Slowing down
       | your first read will help retention to a point, but if you spend
       | less time on the first read then you can do more spaced
       | repetition later. Or if you read everything twice as fast, you
       | could use the time you gain to work on projects.
       | 
       | And while the optimal first time speed probably isn't 3.0x, we
       | definitely shouldn't assume it's 1.0x.
        
       | nabla9 wrote:
       | >Despite all the information he's sped through his ear, he's
       | never actually built anything. "Someday," he insists. "Right now,
       | I'm still learning."
       | 
       | It's similar to political hobbyism, by consuming politics as if
       | it's a sport or a hobby. Following politics obsessively without
       | ever engaging. Being well informed and knowing details but never
       | using them in action except voting.
        
       | sdevonoes wrote:
       | Wow, the article is describing me... although instead of podcasts
       | I read books (not many, like at most 15-20 per year). But over
       | the years, even if "True learning requires contemplation" (which
       | I agree with), I have found out that I indeed have gained quite a
       | lot of knowledge and nowadays the time I spent reading is paying
       | off (i.e., I'm good enough at a job that pays well that I don't
       | have to spent the official 40h/week, but instead I spent like
       | half of it).
       | 
       | > Mike is so busy preparing for the future that he never steps
       | into it.
       | 
       | This is what scares me because, again, it rings true. But some
       | part of me thinks "You need to prepare yourself for the future!
       | Whatever that future is!", so for me that preparation usually
       | means "get more knowledge and get a better paycheck to have
       | enough money to not depend on a company or government to live
       | decently... or build something for yourself and found your own
       | company". That's my paradox: either I relax a bit in the present
       | and risk my (unknown) future, or I risk my present to allow me to
       | be a bit more relaxed in the (unknown) future. I try to balance
       | it, but it's hard.
        
       | another_story wrote:
       | Something I noticed is a lot of people replying are focused on
       | the playback speed, and then defending their choice of faster
       | playback speed, all why missing 80% of the article which had
       | nothing really to do with how fast you watch videos.
        
         | terafo wrote:
         | Because author chose to make it the main point of the article.
         | And the fact that half of the article has nothing to do with
         | the main point just shows that it's badly written.
        
       | jldugger wrote:
       | Counterargument: most of the things you can consume at 3x speed
       | are not worth remembering long term. For example, every day the
       | APM: Marketplace podcast recites the returns on specific induces
       | for the day. It can help put context to stories in other
       | segments, but I have no need to retain it for more than an hour,
       | if ever. And in general, the relevance of news rapidly decays; I
       | forget where I read it (the irony!) but if you imagine a
       | newspaper that only published once a month, it would have
       | different headlines than one that published daily, and different
       | again from one that published annually. In that context, speeding
       | up news podcasts makes a bit of sense. You don't need to remember
       | it long term, just long enough for this week's watercooler
       | conversations to jog your memory until it disappears completely.
       | 
       | In contrast, books I read by myself, at a relatively slow pace. I
       | focus on timeless books, that teach knowledge or skill that I can
       | apply on the job. The pace will vary depending on the type of
       | book; the last university textbook I studied took me about 10
       | pages a hour (including all the problems). For a pop sci book, I
       | can do about a chapter an hour. I try not to spend more than an
       | hour block on this, for the spaced repetition effects mentioned.
       | Moreover, I typically try to get at least one Anki card per
       | chapter (textbooks usually a dozen per chapter). I can't imagine
       | trying to retain anything at 3x speed, especially the
       | mathematical tomes I focus on.
       | 
       | But I'm pretty sure most people can up their podcasts to 1.2x
       | without even noticing. Most content is recorded at a leisurely
       | pace, both because it's easier to pronounce clearly, and to
       | accommodate non-native speakers. But it's not always about
       | efficiency. For comedy podcasts, I set the rate to 1x, because
       | the point is to enjoy it and as they say, timing is the essence
       | of comedy.
        
       | gibolt wrote:
       | I am one of these people. I regularly watch movies, TV, and
       | YouTube at 3-4x (with subtitles, if available).
       | 
       | It is easy to forget several of the 4 movies I watch in a 2 hour
       | period, but I have a watched list, and could remember any detail
       | once I have the reference to latch onto.
       | 
       | Worst case, I could watch any piece of content 3 times before a
       | 'normal' finishes it once.
       | 
       | For any thing confusing, double-tap back 10 seconds, slow down to
       | 2x, and rewatch a few times if needed.
        
         | moab wrote:
         | Your post reminded me of this:
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_o7qjN3KF8U This is fantastic
         | satire :-)
        
         | dgellow wrote:
         | Wow, you do this for movies too? By speeding up that much
         | you're completely changing the movie experience. Changing the
         | pacing of a scene dramatically change it's tone.
        
       | Decabytes wrote:
       | I too fall into the trap of listening to things on sped up. But
       | is it 2x speed and YouTube. Anything that I'm actually trying to
       | learn ilI will slow down and rewatch. But there is so many crappy
       | videos on YouTube I feel compelled to watch most of it on 2x
       | speed to find the good ones.
       | 
       | And unfortunately this habit gets strengthened, because plenty of
       | people thing you are knowledgeable when you can pull out random
       | bits of trivia you learned in YouTube videos, or are grateful
       | when you can reference a YouTube video to them on a topic they
       | are interested in.
        
       | BrazzVuvuzela wrote:
       | TTS ebooks at 500-600wpm is easy for me, though I usually top out
       | at 2.5x for audiobooks. I'm not sure what the conversion factor
       | between those is, but TTS is definitely faster.
        
       | afterburner wrote:
       | What if you remove Mike's conceit that he will "build" something?
       | Then he's just learning for fun.
        
         | celeduc wrote:
         | Mike's "friend" is awfully judgemental.
        
       | simion314 wrote:
       | I would suggest that it might depend, "right speed for the job" ,
       | I use TTS(text to speech" all the time with a large speed,
       | regular people will not understand what it is spoken but for me
       | is fine, I can read a news article like this one without no
       | downsides versus someone that uses his eyes and reads at normal
       | speed or someone that listens the TTS at regular speed and with
       | some natural sounding voice.
       | 
       | What if the 1X is a limitation of our vocals, we could maybe lose
       | our air if we would speak much faster, if someone would like to
       | do some sicence on this I suggest finding people with
       | disabilities that use TTS technology and try to get some numbers.
       | 
       | I personally don't use faster speed for the reason to listen to
       | twice as mch content but probably to finish it faster. I
       | listen/watch youtube at regular speed since I use this videos for
       | entertaining and I did not consider to speed them up, though for
       | audio books the app had a big speed button so I used it mostly at
       | 1.5X
        
       | quantum_state wrote:
       | 3x turns a brain into a hard drive, a very dumb idea!
        
       | temptemptemp111 wrote:
        
       | tptacek wrote:
       | Whatever you can say about listening to a sped-up audiobook, you
       | can say about casually reading (or, as most people who don't nerd
       | out about the theory of learning would put it, "reading"), so the
       | framing of this around audiobooks seems pretty weird. Obviously,
       | you don't master a subject by casually reading a book about it
       | --- that's not really the premise of reading.
        
       | muzani wrote:
       | I find myself listening to recipe videos at max speed while
       | Aristotle is practically at half speed. Some things are so
       | information dense that you need to go over parts a few times.
       | 
       | If you're listening to something at 3x speed, maybe it's a hint
       | to be reading harder books?
       | 
       | An exception might be something like a history book. The 48 Laws
       | of Power doesn't make sense if you just read the summary, but the
       | stories themselves are very easy to read.
       | 
       | A lot of good books are very information dense though, where you
       | have to stop after a few sentences and search for the meaning
       | (internally or externally). Even for a good novel... sometimes
       | you have to set it aside and lie down and stare at the ceiling
       | for a moment.
        
       | antognini wrote:
       | A year ago a friend encouraged me to start a podcast about the
       | history of astronomy [0]. Talking to people who have listened to
       | the podcast has been really eye-opening about the difference in
       | comprehension/absorption between creating a podcast vs. listening
       | to it.
       | 
       | I would notice that other podcasters in the "History of..." genre
       | would sometimes say things like "you might remember we talked
       | about such-and-such related thing in Episode 43..." and I would
       | always think "how do they remember that they mentioned this
       | particular detail dozens of episodes back?" But as I've started
       | writing a podcast, I've found that it's a lot easier than I
       | thought it would be. When you're writing the material vs.
       | passively listening to it, you just have a much more intimate
       | memory of everything you've said and it's easy to make
       | connections across the different episodes.
       | 
       | I try to write the episodes to at have a few big points that I
       | repeat throughout so that even someone passively listening will
       | get the main message. But even still when I talk to people, they
       | seem to have enjoyed it, but have a hard time remembering even
       | some of the basic ideas. And I notice this with myself, too, when
       | I listen to podcasts. Sometimes I'll be talking to someone and be
       | reminded of some related story I heard in a podcast at one point,
       | but when I try to recall the details, they're just not there.
       | 
       | So, even though I was certainly aware of it intellectually, I
       | know have a much more visceral appreciation for the fact tha if
       | you want to learn something deeply, there's really no substitute
       | for doing some creative work on the subject.
       | 
       | [0]: Shameless plug: https://songofurania.com/about
        
         | rsanheim wrote:
         | This makes total sense. Whenever I've given a talk on a
         | subject, I end up learning it much better than before, and
         | these are topics I'm supposed to know quite a bit about =).
         | 
         | The act of teaching or explaining something really helps you to
         | see the subject in a new way and understand it in new and
         | deeper ways. Probably one reason that good pair-programming
         | helps everyone involved, even if its a much more senior person
         | paired with someone with less experience.
        
         | geuis wrote:
         | Just subscribed. I'd recommend putting your RSS feed link
         | higher up near the top.
        
           | antognini wrote:
           | Thanks for the suggestion, I'll do that!
        
       | makach wrote:
       | I listen to some podcast at 1.5x 2x the speed because I think
       | some speak extremely slow. Also, helps consuming interesting
       | content in less time.
       | 
       | When I skim over documents, information, I usually add to
       | existing knowledge and it is easier to mentally TAG the what it
       | is I need to learn. When I need to use this knowledge at least I
       | know where to look, search or whom to ask if I need to dig into
       | the material, and when I do - it is a slow process.
       | 
       | When I want to learn something, I need to sit down and slow
       | everything down. It is very important to me that I take detailed
       | notes and discuss the content.
       | 
       | I've been told that our memory has two modes; short term and long
       | term. If you want to remember something you need to work getting
       | it from short term memory and into the long time memory - and in
       | order to do that you must iterate many times of the content you
       | are trying to learn.
        
       | novok wrote:
       | Although I realize the article is about actually learning vs.
       | skimming info, something I've realized about "2x" speed on videos
       | is really just matching my natural rate of reading, and I speed
       | up / slow down depending on the speed of the speaker itself.
        
       | GabeIsko wrote:
       | Perhaps if you didn't worry about reading so much, you could
       | write more. Than you would have more essays about how you write
       | so much, eh David?
        
       | mattlondon wrote:
       | I do 2x speed wherever I can.
       | 
       | The benefit I find is I actually have to concentrate to pay
       | attention, rather than at 1x speed some people talk so slowly my
       | mind starts wandering as they slowly come around to actually
       | making their point and before I know it I am replying to emails
       | and ignoring the video.
       | 
       | I generally find it harder to be distracted like that at 2x...
       | Although after years I think I am a bit accustomed so might seek
       | out that 3x extension (although I guess it won't work on our
       | internal recorded sessions at work :( )
        
       | mirekrusin wrote:
       | Some people ie. Yaron Minsky are joy to listen, speeding up would
       | feel like speeding up your favourite movie.
        
       | Jarwain wrote:
       | I feel like participating in a community, whether IRL or
       | something like HN or reddit, exposes individuals to a set of
       | memes on a repeated basis. Certain ideas get repeated at
       | different times or in different contexts, and as a result tend to
       | engrain themselves. A form of naturally occurring spaced
       | repetition.
       | 
       | One of the things that I like about HN is that these memes feel
       | higher quality or more useful in some way. This can be in the
       | form of coding philosophy (which could arguably just be the
       | distillation of ideas from books large parts of the community
       | have read like Clean Code or the GoF or the design of everyday
       | things), or more general life philosophy (spaced repetition and
       | this article's idea about, essentially, Slowing Down).
       | 
       | Of course, this is probably how group think and social bubbles
       | form, and exposure to new ideas can ideally shift the memescape.
       | But it's interesting how my HN addiction results in this learning
       | by osmosis.
       | 
       | Although then This makes me think about advertising, in the
       | branding sense, and how that repetition is used and abused to
       | build familiarity with a brand and thus a product. Or how pop
       | culture ends up being a sort of self-replicating meme.
        
       | manigandham wrote:
       | This is an incredible verbose article just to say that which we
       | already know: quality of learning is more important than
       | quantity; and focus, engagement, interest are all important
       | context in addition to the raw speed of consumption.
       | 
       | Ironically, jumping past so much filler is one of the main
       | reasons for faster speeds.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | shauntrennery wrote:
       | I used https://speechify.com to listen to the post at 500wpm. It
       | felt like the article was speaking directly to me.
        
       | Zababa wrote:
       | > The smartest people I've met reject the "Water in a Cup"
       | theory. They focus less on consuming as much information as
       | possible and more on cultivating the deepest possible
       | understanding of the ideas that resonate with them most.
       | 
       | There's a letter by Seneca that I think about a lot, called "On
       | discursiveness in reading" (https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Moral_
       | letters_to_Lucilius/Let...):
       | 
       | > Be careful, however, lest this reading of many authors and
       | books of every sort may tend to make you discursive and unsteady.
       | You must linger among a limited number of master-thinkers, and
       | digest their works, if you would derive ideas which shall win
       | firm hold in your mind. Everywhere means nowhere. When a person
       | spends all his time in foreign travel, he ends by having many
       | acquaintances, but no friends. And the same thing must hold true
       | of men who seek intimate acquaintance with no single author, but
       | visit them all in a hasty and hurried manner.
       | 
       | > Food does no good and is not assimilated into the body if it
       | leaves the stomach as soon as it is eaten; nothing hinders a cure
       | so much as frequent change of medicine; no wound will heal when
       | one salve is tried after another; a plant which is often moved
       | can never grow strong. There is nothing so efficacious that it
       | can be helpful while it is being shifted about. And in reading of
       | many books is distraction. Accordingly, since you cannot read all
       | the books which you may possess, it is enough to possess only as
       | many books as you can read.
       | 
       | I've personally found that when I spend more time with something,
       | I get more out of it. For example, rereading books or rewatching
       | movies. That's also a great way to separate the wheat from the
       | chaff: if after the first time something starts feeling shallow,
       | it's probably not worth keeping around.
        
       | pha392 wrote:
       | Probably any 60 minute video can be converted without loss of
       | information in a 10 minute one.
       | 
       | I understand that learning and retention are achieved through
       | repetition, but repetition can be achieved in other ways.
        
       | mrfusion wrote:
       | Learning isn't water in a cup but in the other hand youtube and
       | podcasts are so full of fluff that 3x makes a lot of sense.
        
       | nazgulnarsil wrote:
       | It isn't just that the absorption is poor. It's that the things
       | you're absorbing are also generally poor. That's why you can
       | listen to them at 3x in the first place, low information density.
        
       | Febra33 wrote:
       | Besides the fact that this is _extremely_ subjective and comes to
       | each person 's own ability, I hate when articles try to introduce
       | one of these cute oversimplified and exaggerated stories so that
       | they can prove a point. Literally shifting the perspective so
       | that the author can have the higher ground.
        
       | arendtio wrote:
       | The headline of the post misses the point. The problem the author
       | describes, revolves around active vs. passive learning and the
       | '3x Speed' part is just part of what he refers to as passive
       | learning.
       | 
       | I completely agree, that passive learning is what happens in many
       | western classrooms and that active learning is a lot more
       | valuable.
       | 
       | However, listening to books or videos at 3x the normal speed is
       | nothing I would condemn, because IMO it depends on the source
       | material. Some audiobooks/videos are so slow that it is hard to
       | keep the focus at normal speed. Consuming them at higher speeds
       | keeps me from drifting to other topics. So I think the discussion
       | about the speed doesn't lead anywhere. That said, I don't use 3x
       | speed. Sometimes, I consume videos at 2x speed and I tend to keep
       | audiobooks at 1x speed, because I like to consume them as
       | secondary activities e.g. while driving. Certainly not the most
       | effective way to consume the content, but I like it and it fits
       | into my daily habits.
       | 
       | I think the discussion should be about active/practical/self-
       | directed learning vs. pure consumption of material, because this
       | is what makes a difference.
        
       | mmaunder wrote:
       | Unfortunate title, because the most practical insight is that you
       | don't learn much by letting information wash over you. You need
       | to repeat, engage with the data, do things with it.
        
       | ausbah wrote:
       | like others have said about other commentes, the point isn't so
       | much on consuming podcasts, audio books, or whatever faster -
       | it's about how if that's the only thing you do, you won't end up
       | actually learning anything
        
       | plank wrote:
       | Reading many of the comments, it seems most agree that listening
       | at a factor>1 is better. As a fast reader (books, not audio nor
       | video, never really tried that myself) I wonder how this can be
       | understood with the 'common knowledge' that when speaking
       | (presenting) one should slow down. E.g., let those meaningful
       | pauses endure.
        
         | ghaff wrote:
         | You probably get an overrepresentation here of people for whom
         | it's all about maximizing information density. Personally, if
         | that's my objective unless it is a case of a photo (or video)
         | being worth a thousand words, reading is mostly better.
         | 
         | With respect to conferences presentations, I'm mostly a fan of
         | shorter (<30 minute) presentations. If something piques my
         | interest, I'll track it down afterwards at my own pace.
        
       | some1else wrote:
       | Not all speakers talk at the same rate and with the same
       | information density. Some forms of content aren't worth listening
       | to at the default playback rate.
        
       | wallacoloo wrote:
       | > Though you can pick up the gist pretty fast, relationships need
       | time to blossom.
       | 
       | a lot of the arguments make me think of two different approaches
       | to a task: breadth-first v.s. depth-first. for most tasks, you
       | almost always want a balance of the two. in general, when you're
       | young you explore the breadth of relationships; and after a time
       | you understand which aspects are most important to you, and you
       | pursue the depth of a smaller set of relationships.
       | 
       | now there's a lot of surface-level media out there. the kind that
       | tells you _about_ some thing without _explaining_ it. you might
       | listen to a broad overview about current topics in electrical
       | engineering. by doing so, you learn _about_ the avenues available
       | to you and then later you go and do a deep dive into the
       | _specific_ avenue you want.
       | 
       | > The world rewards people who develop expertise in a specific
       | subject.
       | 
       | indeed (modulo that your "specific subject" could just as well be
       | a niche _blend_ of classical subjects). pushing the envelope
       | requires a deep approach to learning -- the version where you
       | listen at 1x, pause, and then draw new conclusions /connections
       | that even the author missed. but if you're still in the earlier,
       | discovery phase of your growth? then what you really want is the
       | 3x speed, breadth-first overviews.
       | 
       | not all information is equally valuable. if, by using 3x speed,
       | you can more quickly locate the areas of study which are highly
       | valuable to you at the expense of failing to integrate a bunch of
       | information that is of low value to you, that can be a fair
       | tradeoff. understand the tradeoffs; be explicit.
        
       | moron4hire wrote:
       | The learning lock-in thing is something I've coached several
       | people through, for both software and literature projects. I've
       | found a very effective tool in getting them out of the lock-in:
       | make a wager with them.
       | 
       | I place a bet of $100 that they won't finish a small project in
       | the next month. The project can be anything. It can be the
       | smallest thing. But they have to finish it and release it in a
       | predetermined, legitimate release channel (app store, website,
       | self-publish on Amazon, whatever).
       | 
       | I've found a lot of people's lock-in comes from a fear of the
       | unknown, of not knowing all the steps to get from 0 to finished,
       | and focusing all of their time on the parts they do understand.
       | They rationaliz the delaying of learning about the others as
       | being pointless until they have the beginning parts "perfect".
       | The bet forces them to make their comfort zone the smallest part
       | of their project.
       | 
       | You can do it with yourself, too. Make a wager with yourself that
       | you won't buy that new toy or have a drink or watch another movie
       | until you finish a small project, completely, with a real
       | release. You definitely need to time-box it, or you'll quit once
       | you decide you'll "never" finish. And you need to setup a
       | negative consequence: maybe get a friend to hold some money in
       | escrow, or schedule a donation to an organization you hate that
       | you can cancel when your project is complete.
       | 
       | Every person I've coached in this way eventually developed a
       | habit of releasing projects. It turns out people grossly over
       | estimate the difficulty of releasing a project. Once you force
       | them through it, it's no longer a scary unknown and it becomes a
       | lot easier to "begin with end in mind".
        
       | joshuakarl wrote:
       | For me, playback speed options is not about controlling "speed"
       | but more about controlling the density of information, which
       | varies a lot from content to content. When I listen to a very
       | technical conference, I always keep x1 or even x0.75 but
       | sometimes with a podcast with a low information output, I process
       | everything at x2.
        
       | Tade0 wrote:
       | I don't listen to podcasts and couldn't make one, because without
       | non-verbal cues from my audience I can't adjust my speech to keep
       | them engaged.
       | 
       | It's like with this vampire who is familiar with mobile phones,
       | but finds it weird that anyone would want to have a conversation
       | without registering the other person's scent and feeling their
       | heartbeat.
       | 
       | I see why people listen at 3x - too many podacsters seem to be
       | enamoured with their own voice to a point where they add
       | irrelevant stuff like my vampire bit here. But while you can skip
       | this in text, it's not easy to do when listening.
       | 
       | I don't think that on average they actually lose anything because
       | of that, since the conversation is one-sided anyway. They
       | wouldn't have retained more had they listened to it at 1x speed.
       | 
       | As for trying to consume as much literature as possible and
       | feeling inadequate: this is a problem as old as printed press,
       | for which there is no real solution aside from managing
       | expectations.
        
       | 1123581321 wrote:
       | I agree with the article's points about active learning and
       | retention. I also agree that certain speed multipliers can become
       | aspirational due to social media FOMO. However, most audio is
       | listened to for entertainment or to pick out certain topics or
       | keywords for closer listening. Tuning the speed helps with both
       | of those goals. Depending on the listener, entertainment might be
       | set at 1-1.5x with skipped silences. Scanning ranges higher, up
       | to the cited 3x in some players.
        
       | buybackoff wrote:
       | Just last Friday I had to google how to increase YouTube speed
       | above 2x. Found quick and dirty solution:
       | `document.getElementsByTagName("video")[0].playbackRate = 3` in a
       | browser console. Some people are just impossible to listen to due
       | to their slow pace. In my case, it was possible to understand at
       | 5x and quite comfortable at 3.5x.
        
       | amonroe0805 wrote:
       | I've felt since college that lectures are best likened to
       | meetings, with all of the usual criticisms. If a lecture is
       | merely a monologue of prepared information (usually available in
       | the textbook anyways), the same "Why couldn't this have been an
       | email?" concept applies.
       | 
       | There are _legitimate_ reasons to pulling everyone into the same
       | room at the same time to learn something, and those reasons
       | almost entirely include frequent and direct interaction between
       | the attendees.
       | 
       | The value of the classroom is that you are surrounded by
       | individuals who are all ostensibly trying to learn the same thing
       | as you, with a similar current amount of knowledge, all the while
       | having immediate access to a bone fide expert in the topic. I
       | would suggest that this is an obviously great setup for learning!
       | It's a shame to see it so often squandered by having a glorified
       | textbook read-along session instead of genuine curious
       | discussion.
       | 
       | Great quote from the article: "A lecture has been well described
       | as the process whereby the notes of the teacher become the notes
       | of the student without passing through the mind of either."
        
       | lifeisstillgood wrote:
       | There are three kinds of learning
       | 
       | - new contextual framework (There is no god, armies used to be
       | retinues of retinues)
       | 
       | - new skills (make fire from sticks, algebra and calculus)
       | 
       | - new information (Henry V won at agincourt)
       | 
       | The big important ones are the contextual frameworks. Without
       | them humanity and individual humans are just floundering. And if
       | there is any big political divide it's because people are not in
       | same contextual framework (eg Brexit)
       | 
       | Skills are how an individual can contribute inside that framework
       | - and it needs practise. And information is the last. The
       | strawman the author is moaning about is absorbing information
       | without practise. This seems to be the failure to leap from
       | podcast to khan academy.
       | 
       | solving that one for millions of people will be an incredible
       | leap. So far we only have "my tutor moans at me if i don't"
        
         | extrememacaroni wrote:
         | You make a fire with algebra and calculus because your brain
         | overheats, right?
        
           | lifeisstillgood wrote:
           | Darn that transitive comma...
        
         | netcan wrote:
         | Precisely.
         | 
         | OP has his finger in some of the right places, but is overly
         | broad about both learning methods and objects. If you're
         | listening to conference keynotes @ 3X... that might be fine. A
         | tutorial probably requires multiple listens, rewinds, a
         | transcript and some DIY work.
        
         | trees101 wrote:
         | Im interested in your categorisation of learning. Can you
         | elaborate on "contextual framework"? Are these your own
         | concepts, if not where do you get them from?
        
           | lifeisstillgood wrote:
           | Oh I see what you mean - plucked randomly from my own
           | synapses
        
           | lifeisstillgood wrote:
           | The difference between Lucy (the putative earliest human
           | found by Leakey (?)) and me is not that i am innately more
           | intelligent, but that for decades my brain has been stuffed
           | with the collective education of humankind. Lucy does not
           | know about the sun revolving round the Earth, about germ
           | theory and oral-fecal transmission, she does not know about
           | writing or reading, about triangulation for surveying, or
           | surveying, or maps.
           | 
           | But we do because you understood the above conceptual
           | frameworks.
           | 
           | Germ theory is not a _fact_ , like who won the battle of
           | Crecy. It is a whole ever-expanding concept that with it in
           | place in your head, can guide your future actions. Similarly
           | atheism, or logistics, or factory method or steam power ...
        
             | trees101 wrote:
             | Interesting. So perhaps another term for "contextual
             | framework" is "mental model"? I like the way you've thought
             | about this. I don't share your atheism, but without wanting
             | to start a debate it would be interesting to hear why it
             | features on your list as one of your most useful concepts?
        
       | throwanem wrote:
       | 3x speed mistakes form for substance and wastes time besides,
       | because podcasts are much more for fun than self-improvement.
       | 
       | Let's be honest with ourselves here: no one listening to a
       | podcast is ever _just_ listening to a podcast. You 're running or
       | driving or doing the laundry or working out or working or walking
       | the dog, so in terms of learning it's more than anything like
       | hypnopaedia [1], which doesn't work. You're not really engaging
       | with the material, which in any case can only go so deep because
       | it's a radio show and you're using it for what we've used radio
       | shows for since radio shows were invented.
       | 
       | That's not to say podcasts can't _also_ be useful in the
       | instrumental way that 3x-ers seem to seek. If you 've got a good
       | memory or are in a position to take notes, they can provide
       | fruitful directions for further investigation. But that's not the
       | kind of raw data upload that 3x pretends to optimize. That's just
       | finding places where it might be worth putting in real work, of
       | the sort that listening to podcasts isn't.
       | 
       | Turn off the speed boost and give up on the idea that you can
       | "level up" without doing the work - hell, even in the video games
       | from which that metaphor is drawn, you have to grind for XP or at
       | least progress the story. So get to work! Progress your _own_
       | story. And listen to podcasts, if you want to, for the fun of it.
       | Believe it or not, that 's allowed too.
       | 
       | [1] https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sleep-learning
        
         | TomSwirly wrote:
         | I never understood why I never listened to podcasts. But you
         | explained it to me - I hate doing two things at once, because
         | it means I do them both badly.
        
           | throwanem wrote:
           | It depends a lot on the primary thing. One rarely needs much
           | in the way of deep focus to fold laundry or do dishes or
           | clean a bathroom, after all, and some light entertainment
           | makes these tasks go by noticeably faster and more pleasantly
           | than they do in its absence.
        
             | TomSwirly wrote:
             | I find that if I do that, I take twice as long.
             | 
             | Music doesn't get me in my way, though.
        
       | emodendroket wrote:
       | Who says the 1x is the optimal speed to consume any information?
       | Why stop there? Perhaps half, or even a quarter, would be better?
       | Of course blowing through information as fast as possible doesn't
       | do any good if you can't retain it, but I find it hard to believe
       | that all the information out there is ideally paced for every
       | listener.
       | 
       | I've actually found that sometimes I will be watching a lecture
       | at 2x for a lot of it and then want to drop down to regular speed
       | for certain trickier parts.
        
         | Barrin92 wrote:
         | that obviously isn't the authors point. The gist of the article
         | is that treating the human mind like a hard-drive and trying to
         | shove as much information into it, sort of like binge drinking,
         | isn't a replacement for creativity, originality and
         | contemplation, which is what genuine learning entails.
         | 
         | And as far as speed goes, "1x" is the normal conversational
         | speed we've been interacting at for many millennia, and
         | regardless how fast you tune the podcast app, your brain likely
         | hasn't evolved to follow a lecture at sonic speed.
         | 
         | I actually think deliberately slowing down, if not in literal
         | speed but at least by re-reading or re-listening is a skill
         | more people should practice. More attention to what's already
         | there and less attention scattered on novelty is an underrated
         | ability. Think of it like this, if you want to be a great
         | classical musician, you could study the same few Bach pieces
         | for decades and you wouldn't stop learning. How bizarre is it
         | to think you actually need to ingest hours of new information
         | every week?
        
           | emodendroket wrote:
           | Except that there is no "standard speed" for speech, let
           | alone one that we've been using across cultures and languages
           | for "millennia." People speak at different speeds depending
           | on many factors from personal idiosyncrasies to emotions to a
           | desire to hit a specific timing (it's not an accident that
           | radio presenters get exactly the same time every time; they
           | modulate the speed at which they are reading depending on the
           | density of the information they have to deliver). Lectures,
           | in particular, are often intentionally delivered in an
           | unnaturally slow pace, which makes sense for maximizing
           | comprehension, but means the pace may be very, very slow for
           | someone who wishes to review mostly-familiar material. The
           | idea that it's _impossible_ to follow a lecture sped-up under
           | any circumstances is just not at all in accord with my
           | experience.
        
           | cmeacham98 wrote:
           | > The gist of the article is that treating the human mind
           | like a hard-drive and trying to shove as much information
           | into it, sort of like binge drinking, isn't a replacement for
           | creativity, originality and contemplation
           | 
           | It isn't, but sometimes to get to the point where you can be
           | creative and original you need to have a bunch of boring
           | information stored away in your hard drive as a prerequisite.
        
           | colanderman wrote:
           | > And as far as speed goes, "1x" is the normal conversational
           | speed we've been interacting at for many millennia, and
           | regardless how fast you tune the podcast app, your brain
           | likely hasn't evolved to follow a lecture at sonic speed.
           | 
           | In normal conversation, people speak in far too slowly for
           | me, myself included at times. They will spend an entire
           | sentence adding no content to what they conveyed with the
           | first word, gesture, or even length of pause.
           | 
           | Just because it's the optimal speech _production_ rate for
           | _many_ people, doesn 't mean it's the optimal speech
           | _consumption_ rate for _all_ people.
        
             | Barrin92 wrote:
             | >They will spend an entire sentence adding no content to
             | what they conveyed with the first word
             | 
             | It might actually be worth considering if that's the result
             | of people truly adding nothing, or if it's the result of
             | not being attentive enough to how others communicate, and
             | what they communicate. People pause for good reasons and
             | they repeat themselves for good reasons that aren't always
             | obvious. It takes time to mull over speech, and there is
             | detail in speech that is not going to become apparent when
             | someone thinks of a lecture or a book as just a means to
             | 'consume information'.
             | 
             | In a sense true understanding always requires reproduction.
             | People will think the lectures they attend are slow, yet
             | they retain not even 20%. Because they do not know what
             | they miss until they themselves reproduce it. It's even
             | very questionable to think that something can be 'consumed'
             | faster than it can be produced if the goal is genuine
             | learning. You could read a book like SICP quickly and think
             | you 'got all the information', but to actually learn
             | everything that Sussman and Abelson put into it you
             | probably need to work on it as long as it took them to
             | write it.
        
               | colanderman wrote:
               | If I can predict exactly which words someone is about to
               | say, the words add no information for me. Maybe they are
               | there due to the confines of grammar, or maybe they are
               | useful to other listeners, but they are not useful to
               | _me_ , and I can afford to speed through them. I will
               | pause and replay if I was wrong.
        
               | deltaonefour wrote:
               | I am also a logical automaton robot. I have no emotions.
               | I only listen to words that are useful to me and I use
               | predictions to increase my efficiency.
               | 
               | My IQ is 250. I am an android built on the planet Zweebs.
        
         | weird-eye-issue wrote:
         | I always hated school and I just recently realized why. When I
         | could pay attention everything felt wayy too slow for me. But
         | when I couldn't pay attention I'd miss critical information in
         | what felt like seconds
        
           | JohnWhigham wrote:
           | _But when I couldn 't pay attention I'd miss critical
           | information in what felt like seconds_
           | 
           | Time flies when you're having fun! It's also why we always
           | hear "It just came out of nowhere! It all happened so fast!"
           | when referring to automobile accidents. It's because our
           | attention was not where it should have been.
        
             | weird-eye-issue wrote:
             | I'm not sure your first sentence really hits the mark. Not
             | paying attention in class isn't really "having fun" :P
        
       | stjohnswarts wrote:
       | Yeah, best I've seen is 2x and that was with a very slow speaking
       | lecturer.
        
       | HPsquared wrote:
       | I'd love for all videos to have a "linked transcript" enabling
       | the user to text search the transcript, then quickly seek the
       | video to a particular statement.
       | 
       | That way, I'd be able to skim read and "dip into" long lecture-
       | style videos to extract targeted information.
       | 
       | Since YouTube has captions on most videos, the data is available
       | but I don't know of any apps that do this.
        
       | tomrod wrote:
       | I used to be a "Mike" type. I realized I wanted to have impact --
       | that being a "consumer" of everything of boring.
       | 
       | I've since built and delivered a lot of things, some even
       | meaningful, and for myself it gives me stories to tell.
       | 
       | The other side of things, Productivity Porn, is another meme that
       | is seductive but unfulfilling in my opinion!
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | dredmorbius wrote:
       | Speeding up playback buys you a small gain, but 2x or 3x is an
       | absolute upper limit in most cases. And yes, retention suffers.
       | 
       | It's not that I don't bump up speed in some cases, though it's
       | not all. I also slow down, or replay (sometimes many times)
       | especially good marterial.
       | 
       | (Or especially confusing material, which often proves not to be
       | especially good.)
       | 
       | But ...
       | 
       | ... the real gains aren't to be had in playing media at 2x or 3x
       | realtime. It's in selecting sources which afford 10x, or 100x, or
       | 1000x utility in information. Sturgeon's Law applies, there's far
       | more content created (in any format: text, images, audio, video,
       | data, software) than any one person could hope to attend to in
       | 15,000 lifetimes.[1] Probably significantly more.
       | 
       | Instead, one should recognise one's own limits of information
       | exposure, goals in aquiring knowledge, and the available sources,
       | and seek out at least _higher quality_ sources amongst those
       | available. These needn 't _necessarily_ be based strictly on
       | truth value --- there 's merit in reading discredited philosophy,
       | mythologies, religion, and even perhaps for some, fiction and
       | poetry.[2] Particularly such works as are of cultural
       | significance, or which might help one achieve inner balance or
       | simple amusement.
       | 
       | But listening to crap at 3x speed ... is not true efficiency.
       | 
       | It doesn't look as if anyone's mentioned Mortimer J. Adler's _How
       | to Read a Book_ yet. I 'd strongly recommend reading it, quickly
       | or slowly, and incorporating the lessons it offers for how, and
       | what, to read.
       | 
       | ________________________________
       | 
       | Notes:
       | 
       | 1. Not a number pulled from /dev/ass, for what it's worth, but at
       | least a rough approximation. If a truly dedicated scholar might
       | read 10,000 books over a dilligent lifetime, that's 167 books a
       | year from age 20 onwards, and there are roughly 150 million books
       | published, then reading the collected works of humanity would
       | require roughly 15,000 lifetimes. That might be adjusted up or
       | down a bit but is a good first approximation.
       | 
       | 2. An attempte at humour, Dear Reader.
        
       | ZeroGravitas wrote:
       | I think 3x is the wrong target here, it's the learning by
       | listening model aka "The Nurnberg Funnel" (or possibly Nuremberg
       | Funnel for German speakers) that is harmful.
       | 
       | I'd rather have a more focused lecture at 1x speed, the same as
       | I'd rather have a good textbook, but skimming in both cases is
       | fine if you want some info but the presentation available is too
       | simple for you.
       | 
       | But, learning by doing and finding out what you don't know by
       | doing is important. That applies even to crappy end of chapter
       | multiple choice quizzes or whatever their audiobook equivalent
       | is, but I find project based learning to be where it's at for
       | really cementing knowledge without boredom.
       | 
       | edit to add: I'm not sure about the bit about pre-textbook
       | lectures is historically accurate. I was under the impression the
       | modern lecture mostly derived from the time when books were
       | expensive, non-mass produced tech and the single copy was chained
       | to the lectern and the person reading it out was doing so in
       | order to let people make their own cheap copies.
       | 
       | I'm a big fan of video lectures that people consume in their own
       | time, but more because they can slow them down, and rewind, not
       | because they can speed them up. If you're always speeding up, you
       | could probably just get a denser text
        
       | fatbird wrote:
       | I know many teachers, and none that would agree that what they're
       | doing is filling a cup. None stand there lecturing students, and
       | expect them to recite it back. They all work hard to come up with
       | different exercises, presentations, etc. just to do what the
       | author says is necessary: creating direct experience. It's a core
       | precept of modern education theory that experiential learning is
       | best. His discussion of schools is a strawman.
        
       | web007 wrote:
       | The argument against 3x seems to be a false dichotomy. I'd like
       | to see a comparison of the author's recommendation of spaced
       | repetition _combined_ with  "Mike's" 3x speed-listening. Increase
       | your intake density and still get the superpowers of retention
       | that SR proffers.
       | 
       | Per the author's charts you can increase the information density
       | by either switching languages or speeding up the current
       | language, so find the maxima of the information density-vs-
       | syllabic-speed graph and make your chosen language match either /
       | both parameters. That may not end up at 3x, but human perception
       | and understanding is certainly greater than 2x common speed for
       | English speech. I don't have a citable reference at hand, but a
       | motivational speaker from my youth made this point. He said he
       | speaks at about double the standard rate because nearly everyone
       | can still understand him, and it lets him give twice as much
       | detail in a story, or tell a story twice as long as he otherwise
       | could.
        
         | BlueTemplar wrote:
         | Also probably not so much about speed than not pausing to think
         | about what you have just read/viewed/watched ?
        
       | powersnail wrote:
       | One big problem with Youtube and podcasts is that they are often
       | interspersed with useless fillers, neither entertaining nor
       | helpful for "retaining information". The excessive signposting in
       | videos is especially ridiculous: spending more time on listing
       | "what I'm going to talk about today" than actually talking about
       | those things.
       | 
       | 3X speed is usually just neutralizing the carelessly long
       | scripts. A better way is not to give in to the habitual
       | prattling, but a table of contents with clickable timestamps.
       | Many thoughtful Youtubers are already doing it.
        
       | marban wrote:
        
         | hu3 wrote:
         | For what is worth, that post was 9 days ago and has 1 comment.
         | 
         | HN allows for sensible use of reposting.
        
       | PragmaticPulp wrote:
       | The article isn't just about playback speed. It's a well-written
       | piece about the importance of direct experience and not rushing
       | through spoken lectures alone.
       | 
       | It's extra ironic, then, that much of the comment section here
       | only seems to have absorbed the headline but not the content of
       | the article.
       | 
       | I have noticed that my most voracious podcast and book consuming
       | friends seem to have developed a lot of surface-level knowledge
       | about a lot of subjects, but it's difficult to discuss even the
       | content of the books they've read. Listening on 1.5X or 2X speed
       | is a common boast for them, as is the number of books or podcasts
       | they've consume in a year (which is tracked for some reason). It
       | seems the goal has become quantity, or simply filling time and
       | providing background noise instead of studying a subject.
        
         | pcmaffey wrote:
         | Learning happens in the space in between words. Without time
         | for reflection, people inevitably just mirror information
         | instead of integrating new ideas into what they know.
        
         | cactus2093 wrote:
         | > It's a well-written piece about the importance of direct
         | experience and not rushing through spoken lectures alone.
         | 
         | Where this has been incredibly clear to me personally is with
         | any sort of activity that has an easily measurable skill level.
         | For example, at various points in the past couple of years I
         | have dabbled with chess. There is an amazing wealth of chess
         | knowledge available on youtube, and I find that after watching
         | a lot of videos it's easy to trick yourself into thinking that
         | you understand what's going on and that you could keep up in a
         | high level game. When the teacher says something like "here the
         | best move is bishop to b2 to put pressure on the long diagonal"
         | I think "of course, that's exactly what I would have played".
         | But then I go to play an actual game and immediately hang my
         | queen and lose to a 1000-level player.
         | 
         | However, I would push back a bit on the author's framing of the
         | problem. What he describes is only a problem if your ultimate
         | goal is do something with the knowledge. Like he talks about
         | people who want to do something like start a unicorn company,
         | and they're thinking they need to learn everything first before
         | getting started. That does seem like a mistake, you'll learn
         | more by doing.
         | 
         | But a lot of people just enjoy learning things just for the
         | sake of it, and in that case I don't think there's anything
         | wrong with one approach or another. If someone is really into
         | watching sports and following all the analysis, you don't
         | expect them to be training to become a professional coach.
         | Similarly if you just enjoy listening to audio books at 3x
         | speed as a hobby instead of watching TV, is there really any
         | problem with that? Just because everybody now has the access to
         | enough information to become an expert in a field if they study
         | and practice it the right way, doesn't mean that you need to be
         | training towards that goal.
        
         | Mimmy wrote:
         | I think the article makes a fair point but I don't think it
         | offers anything substantial.
         | 
         | It's been beaten to a dead-horse that lectures or passive
         | consumption aren't the most efficient ways to learn. Almost
         | everyone in tech already knows that. Does the article offer
         | anything new? Work on projects (aka direct experience).
         | Thanks...?
         | 
         | Also I think the "space-repetition" advocates suffer from a
         | similar problem to the "consume at 3x" advocates. Both are
         | looking for short-cuts to learning. Plus spaced-repetition only
         | really applies to superficial, trivia-related knowledge. I was
         | one of those people using Anki for learning a new language and
         | it was absolutely no substitute for having actual conversations
         | with real native speakers.
        
         | will4274 wrote:
         | This article is perhaps interesting, but it is not well-
         | written, nor, I would argue, particularly well reasoned. The
         | author makes gratituous assumptions about Mike's reasoning,
         | assumptions that appear unlikely to many readers, and fails to
         | provide any justification for them. Read it again - how much of
         | Mike's reasoning comes from Mike, and how much from the author?
         | Did the author even ask Mike?
         | 
         | It seems that, you and a few other commenters are predisposed
         | to make the same assumptions as the author. You think it's
         | ironic that so many folks in this comment section are
         | questioning the headline - a headline which dovetails directly
         | into the authors assumptions. I think it's pretty ironic that
         | you didn't deep read the article, including spending time
         | considering the author's assumptions, as you're simultaneously
         | criticizing other people for not doing the same.
        
         | padobson wrote:
         | I'm with you here. The money line of the whole article was
         | almost a throw-away at the end:
         | 
         |  _He should think more strategically about what he wants to
         | learn and why._
         | 
         | The article seems to jump around between self learning, a la
         | podcasts and audio books, and the pitfalls of formal education,
         | with its emphasis on assembly line lectures and dismissal of
         | interactions between students.
         | 
         | In high school, I wanted to make video games, so I did some
         | research and asked my parents for a C++ book. I took the book
         | to school with me and read it between classes or whenever there
         | was downtime. I never made any notes or did any exercises. I
         | never got close to learning anything like functional knowledge
         | of C++.
         | 
         | Later in college, I had an internship where I was asked to
         | program in python, even though I had no knowledge of python.
         | "You'll pick it up quickly", I was told. And I did! I never
         | opened a single book, nor even used Google. I just poked
         | through the existing library of code they did, asked questions
         | of the other programmers when I could, and within a week I was
         | contributing code to that codebase. By the end of my internship
         | I was writing programs that were performing vital business
         | tasks.
         | 
         | I'll finish this comment by adding that journaling has been a
         | huge help to me for retaining knowledge and unpacking deeper
         | lessons from familiar material. The book I read most often is
         | the Bible, but you'll never see my Bible without a journal next
         | to it. The journal allows me to develop the ideas in my mind,
         | and so I can track how my understanding has expanded over time,
         | from the literal meaning of what I'm reading, expanding to the
         | metaphorical and psychological and spiritual lessons that
         | develop over repeated encounters.
        
       | adiamond4 wrote:
       | I agree with a lot of this. It is well known at this point that
       | passive learning strategies are not effective. What the author
       | misses is that depending on the type of material being consumed,
       | the learner could be in an input limited or processing limited
       | regime.
       | 
       | For dense textbooks it usually takes more time to process
       | concepts (i.e. get to higher levels of Bloom's taxonomy with a
       | concept) then it does to get the information into the mind
       | through reading, so speed reading (fast input) is pointless. For
       | the type of fiction books his friend is reading, 3x speed might
       | make sense to get to the insights faster that need to be paused
       | on and processed. Certainly the concepts need to be revisited
       | with something like spaced repetition for deeper integration.
       | 
       | Spaced repetition is boring, that is one of the motivations
       | behind Memory Maps, a learning tool that enables you to use the
       | memory palace technique in Google Street View along with
       | mnemonics generating AI to supercharge your memory capacity.
       | 
       | https://www.memorymaps.io/
       | 
       | https://www.memorymaps.io/main-page/how-it-works
        
       | shamas wrote:
       | I do this, and I'm constantly in need of book recommendations.
       | Please help
        
         | trevcanhuman wrote:
         | Read 1984 (Orwell)
        
       | kurthr wrote:
       | I often listen at 2x speed, not to increase the speed of
       | comprehension, but because the information density is too low.
       | Like forwarding through ads to get to content. Then when you get
       | to the interesting part you slow down and repeat a few times
       | (especially fix-it mechanical assembly youtubes) sometimes at
       | fractional speed... it takes concentration.
       | 
       | Then you use it (or you'll forget it all anyway).
       | 
       | Alternately, I have a friend who listens to novels at 2x, which I
       | don't understand...versus my partner who reads 100 books a year
       | and she's frustrated she can't find new ones fast enough.
        
       | saivan wrote:
       | I get the point you're making - but honestly I have to raise the
       | counter argument, which I think is equally valid. Take for
       | example, the average lecture video. The information density is so
       | low, that I'd imagine that a 60 minute video could be compressed
       | into 10-12 minutes without any loss of information. It really
       | depends on what you're listening to/watching.
        
         | faeyanpiraat wrote:
         | I have to use x1.7-x2.0 speed on pluralsight courses, even
         | though English is not my native language, and I'm learning
         | completely new stuff.
         | 
         | Otherwise I'd almost fall asleep.
         | 
         | It's better to occasionally rewind a couple of unclear
         | sentences than wasting 2x the time.
        
         | RandomLensman wrote:
         | You describe a symptom of a high data/low effect situation that
         | is pretty common these days.
         | 
         | The real question is what to do with the 50 minutes left after
         | distilling the information down to 10 minutes. Just absorb more
         | data or do something with it?
        
           | lrem wrote:
           | From learning point of view? Unanimously do something with
           | it. Or at least see some examples of someone doing something
           | with it to make you care about what you just learned. It's
           | very high to remember a fact, as in commit to long-term
           | memory, if there was no feeling attached.
        
         | JackPoach wrote:
         | It's not just density, many books are pure nonsense. So 200
         | books of pure nonsense a year won't teach you much. They'll
         | just introduce you to a ton of terrible ideas.
        
           | visarga wrote:
           | Hey, that's how AI's learn as well. Reading up all the
           | nonsense indiscriminately and making no effort to make the
           | ideas consistent. But it's better than not reading because
           | you get exposed to a larger variety of text so you can draw
           | upon them when it's time to get creative.
        
         | onion2k wrote:
         | Listening to a lecture at a faster speed doesn't change the
         | information density. You're just compressing everything; you're
         | not editing out the useless bits.
        
           | saagarjha wrote:
           | Yes, it does: the useless bits remain as time to help you
           | digest the information. It's just that you don't need as much
           | time to do so, so making everything faster is just fine.
        
         | tombert wrote:
         | I suspect someone with better understanding of psychology can
         | tell me if I'm way off on this or not.
         | 
         | -----
         | 
         | Sometimes I'll put a lecture at 2x speed if the professor is
         | talking way too slow. Every ten minutes, I will pause the
         | lecture and try and "teach myself" what the professor just
         | said, giving a quick summary of all the information I remember.
         | If I feel like I got a reasonable understanding of the gist of
         | it, then I keep going at 2x, and if I had a lot of trouble with
         | the summarization process, I drop it back to 1x.
         | 
         | More often than not, I end up dropping back to 1x.
        
         | TrackerFF wrote:
         | I think that tutors like Khan of Khan Academy kind of
         | revolutionized the shortening down of lectures. The videos are
         | split up into smaller chunks, they're much more direct, and go
         | straight to the point.
         | 
         | Andrew Ng is a bit similar. Much shorter, more dense videos.
        
         | fossuser wrote:
         | For an example at the extremes, you can run congressional
         | testimony at 4x, but Andrej Karpathy or John Carmack at only
         | 1x.
         | 
         | It really depends on the quality of the speaker and the
         | content.
        
           | quickthrower2 wrote:
           | Yes anything about category theory is 0.1x speed. Or I need
           | to watch 10 times at 1x speed to understand anything :-)
        
         | cush wrote:
         | Seriously. It depends entirely on the content
        
         | Nursie wrote:
         | Honestly, maybe I'm just some old, out-of-touch luddite, but I
         | think that using videos to pass information is sub-optimal all
         | around.
         | 
         | Unless we're actually showing audio-visual phenomena, a page of
         | text is almost always more useful to me. I can absorb it at my
         | speed. I can go back and forth within it easily. I can search
         | it. I can copy bits out if I need to. It's just better.
        
           | gibolt wrote:
           | Subtitles matter! While a video is not equivalent to just
           | text, reading at 3x with audio is similar to why people enjoy
           | audio books.
           | 
           | Visual content is a bonus, to remain more engaged and maybe
           | impart information via a third medium
        
           | chronogram wrote:
           | Nothing to do with your age, it's always been either a
           | difference between users of the media, convenience for the
           | producer, that it's easier to monetize video, or the ability
           | for instant feedback when it's in-person or live.
           | 
           | Socrates to Plato perhaps: maybe I'm just old but using text
           | to pass information is just making your memory weak.
        
           | albert_e wrote:
           | you are not wrong or outdated
           | 
           | different people prefer different methods of learning
           | 
           | they may or may not be more effective -- just that they are
           | more preferred -- even if for no other reason than ease
           | 
           | sitting down with a page of text and focusing on it to learn
           | new information is becoming harder and harder for me
           | personally ...with the bad habits of constant smartphone and
           | social media use
           | 
           | I fall back to have someone do the reading and explain it to
           | me
           | 
           | videos let us pause / rewind / skip / slowdown as needed ..so
           | I am noticing that I am depending on his control also and
           | sometimes zoning out of videos too ...
           | 
           | ...which sometimes bites me when I am watching a live stream
           | that has no rewind or worse ..attending a real meeting and
           | hear someone explain something at length
        
             | BlueTemplar wrote:
             | But video controls are tremendously worse than just being
             | able to focus your eyes at any specific portion of the page
             | in an instant ?
        
           | sb057 wrote:
           | They key advantage to video (and the reason why YouTube seems
           | to keep expanding to encompass more and more subcultures) is
           | that video formatting is also inclusive to text, audio, and
           | still image formatting. You can only upload text to a blog,
           | and you can only upload audio to SoundCloud, but you can
           | upload everything to YouTube.
        
             | cthor wrote:
             | Blogs are perfectly capable of embedding media as
             | appropriate, including videos.
             | 
             | On the contrary to your suggestion, blogs (or more
             | specifically, webpages) are what can do more than anything
             | else, since they can also feature _interactive_ media. See
             | <https://ncase.me/trust/> for an example.
             | 
             | Whether or not this is expected, standard, or the author
             | thinks it's worth the effort is another thing.
        
             | Nursie wrote:
             | > video formatting is also inclusive to text
             | 
             | Are we talking slide shows on a youtube video here? Because
             | to me those are probably the worst of all worlds. Low
             | information density and not searchable.
        
         | someRandoJunk wrote:
         | I think some of the replies and likes to your reply are kinda
         | hilarious.
         | 
         | You went through the entire article, misunderstood the point
         | (aka he's talking about people who are cramming information,
         | not people who are using it to skip filler content and
         | contemplate over the actual information like you do), and this
         | misinterpretation is fair, it happens to all of us. Few people
         | corrected you in the reply.
         | 
         | But a lot of people instead of reading the article, took the
         | title of the article and your comment as what the article
         | meant, thus fulfilling the entire thing his article mentioned.
         | Speeding through information. Kinda hilarious.
        
           | phgn wrote:
           | To be fair, the article is quite long so I for example gave
           | up reading after a while. Which from my brief skimming seems
           | like what the author advocates for -- reading less things but
           | more deeply.
        
             | mcguire wrote:
             | And then there's that...
        
           | will4274 wrote:
           | I don't agree at all. The author doesn't mention filler
           | content. He seems to implicitly assume that Mike's podcasts
           | have no filler content. And he assumes Mike's motive to be
           | trying to learn faster - rather than skipping filler -
           | without presenting any evidence that Mike believes this.
           | 
           | I'd say the author constructs what is probably a strawman,
           | that Mike is consuming so fast because he desires to learn as
           | fast as possible, rather than the other obvious hypothesis -
           | Mike is probably consuming so fast because he finds the
           | content a little boring.
           | 
           | I don't think saivan is misunderstanding the author by
           | pointing out the authors (mis)assumption - I think the author
           | is misunderstanding Mike and you are axiomizing the author's
           | misunderstanding to criticize other commenters.
        
           | jasode wrote:
           | _> , misunderstood the point (aka he's talking about people
           | who are cramming information,_
           | 
           | The author is making _multiple points_ and it 's fair to
           | consider each claim in isolation.
           | 
           | One of the points is that that active learning is better
           | passive learning. And another point is that reviewing the
           | information multiple times is better than reading it fast
           | once. No disagreement about those. However, the other claim
           | that the speed of 3x is always less retention than 1x isn't
           | true for every listener, every speaker, and every topic.
           | 
           | - 3x can be better for focus because some speakers talk so
           | slowly than listeners _tune out_ at 1x
           | 
           | - 3x lets you listen to 3 different presentations of a topic
           | for reinforced learning rather than only getting 1
           | perspective in 1x time.
           | 
           | - 3x lets you get past "easy sentences" and selectively slow
           | down to 1x for the "hard dense sentences".
           | 
           | - 3x increases the wpm (words-per-minute) into the
           | normal/natural speed of the reader's "imaginary voice in
           | their head" when reading written text
           | 
           | The author should have titled his essay _" Against Passive
           | Learning"_ because that's the stronger point rather than
           | highlight "3x".
        
           | float4 wrote:
           | > some of the replies and likes to your reply are kinda
           | hilarious
           | 
           | > You [...] misunderstood the point
           | 
           | > Few people corrected you
           | 
           | > Kinda hilarious
           | 
           | If you genuinely want people to understand why they're wrong,
           | then know that this is not the way to do it.
        
         | 18al wrote:
         | Using rate of speed up is probably a bad metric due to varying
         | densities, but even if one were to account for that and use
         | some kind of smart speed up app that maintains constant
         | information throughput, the issue is with not taking pauses to
         | ruminate.
         | 
         | It's more of an information retention problem rather than an
         | information loss one. IE not committing to long term memory as
         | the author states.
         | 
         | Not very unlike consuming food without chewing.
        
           | BlueTemplar wrote:
           | Yeah, I've noticed that with text I'm going to make more
           | pauses thinking about what I just read (especially printed
           | text for some reason). Video is the worst, while audio only
           | in the middle. Maybe because of clunky controls ?
        
         | luguenth wrote:
         | I think it's not really about the speed of the information, as
         | long as you are able to process it, but the sheer amount of
         | information. If you use time savings of 50 minutes to just
         | consume more information, not much will settle in your long
         | term memory. But if you process and repeat the information in
         | those "saved" minutes, you'll get away with much more in the
         | end. I think this is more the point of the author's view.
        
         | dheera wrote:
         | I'm very slow with books. I'll read a couple paragraphs and
         | then ponder for a minute. And then maybe look up some
         | tangential, maybe even radial stuff. Even audio books at 1X
         | move too fast for me.
         | 
         | I read maybe 4 or 5 books a year. I don't understand how people
         | do 100.
        
         | Aeolun wrote:
         | I could watch my work meetings at infinite speed, and the
         | information density would still be zero.
        
         | rsanheim wrote:
         | This ignores the point (that Perell makes in the essay) that
         | learning via lecture is a horrible way to learn much of
         | anything to begin with.
         | 
         | Now I could see a counter point where you speed up a lecture,
         | find the new information that interests you, and then use that
         | as a jumping off point for repetition. For example, dive deeper
         | into other sources, take notes, use flash cards, try applying
         | what you've learned, and so on.
         | 
         | But just consuming 10 mins of new info from a full lecture at
         | 2.5x speed and then moving on probably isn't doing much long-
         | term learning.
        
           | Joker_vD wrote:
           | Off-tangent: modern lectures are still a better way to learn
           | something than original _lectiones_ were -- the lecturer
           | would read the book by some prominent author, and students
           | would listen to it and take notes... and that 's it. That's
           | what _lectio_ literally means:  "[an act of] reading". And
           | before the invention and spread of the printing press, it
           | absolutely made sense -- books were rare and expensive.
           | 
           | Today, of course, lectures during which the lecturer simply
           | reads the textbook and does nothing more, are rightfully
           | considered to be the worst: a student too can read the
           | textbook himself just fine!
        
         | thrower123 wrote:
         | I really hate how everyone has shifted to video and podcasts
         | over the last ten years or so.
         | 
         | Personally, I'm an "in one ear, out the other" type as far as
         | auditory memory goes. So I can read something written out, or
         | even just transcribed, in a fraction of the time and actually
         | remember it.
        
         | dqpb wrote:
         | My experience is that speeding up low-quality content makes it
         | more tolerable, whereas speeding up high quality content makes
         | it less enjoyable.
         | 
         | So now I just don't speed up. If the quality is low, I don't
         | listen to it. If the quality is high, I enjoy having the time
         | to think about what the speaker is saying, while they're saying
         | it.
        
         | skrebbel wrote:
         | The article uses 3x speed as a metaphor for a broader mindset.
         | It's not actually about 3x speed.
        
         | dredmorbius wrote:
         | I'll often seek out _both_ the written _and_ lectures on
         | material I 'm particularly interested in.
         | 
         | I can read far, far faster than I can listen (and at what seems
         | to be 4-5x the projected reading time in most article guides
         | ... I'd really prefer a simple word count).
         | 
         | But ...
         | 
         | ... listening to the spoken lecture can result in a very
         | different understanding of material, hearing the lecturer's
         | intonation, emphasis, humour, and more. This applies _both_
         | where the reader is the original author and, at least in cases,
         | where not, _if_ the reader knows the material and its author
         | well.
         | 
         | This of course depends on the material and ones level of
         | interest in it. Multiple exposures for high-quality and complex
         | material, or particularly compelling dramatisations, are worth
         | this in my view.
        
         | daenz wrote:
         | I use the same youtube plugin mentioned in the article, and
         | watch many videos at 2.5x-3.0x speed, for the exact reason that
         | you state. There is a lot of "filler" content that I either a)
         | already know or b) is not relevant to what I'm trying to learn.
         | I'm really just trying to get through that content quickly.
         | When I get to some really dense portion though, I will turn the
         | speed down to 1x to learn it.
        
           | elil17 wrote:
           | https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/sponsorblock/
           | 
           | This lets you skip filler content automatically for many
           | popular videos.
        
             | nextlevelwizard wrote:
             | It is more that these days everything is a video. Even
             | things that should be two to three paragraphs of text or
             | maybe a picture or two.
        
               | aspyct wrote:
               | I agree with this, though it depends on what you're
               | learning and what you already know.
               | 
               | For example, I do not care for videos about code. I'm
               | experienced in that domain and I want to get right into
               | the meat of things: scroll to the appropriate paragraph,
               | see the example I'm looking for, and move one.
               | 
               | I could see why a beginner would need a slower pace with
               | more "filler" explanation and background information.
               | Videos are a nice format for this, because they allow one
               | to just sit back like we did at school and take in the
               | information.
               | 
               | But that's only considering programming. Other domains
               | are better suited to videos. For example, visual arts in
               | general: painting, photography, filmmaking... I couldn't
               | imagine explaining a picture with words only, or a human
               | interaction with pictures only. Perhaps when I have more
               | experience, but for now, I like videos.
        
               | nextlevelwizard wrote:
               | It is just sad when I you search for "how to do X in
               | Linux" you get a video in search results first and only
               | second some article where you can actually copy-paste the
               | commands
        
           | gumby wrote:
           | > When I get to some really dense portion though, I will turn
           | the speed down to 1x to learn it.
           | 
           | An alternative that often works is to open the transcript and
           | simply read it. If you find something unclear you can click
           | to jump to that point. Coursera classes have this feature
           | too.
           | 
           | Obviously doesn't work for everything, but it's especially
           | useful when you want to know more about a subject you already
           | know about (say a programming language you've used but never
           | formally learnt).
           | 
           | If I can't do this I usually just close the tab -- the
           | information rate of a video is typically quite low.
        
             | saghm wrote:
             | I've noticed that I'm fairly unusual in my generation (late
             | millennial) in that I strongly prefer to consume
             | information through reading compared to listening or
             | watching. My brothers and friends and girlfriend all love
             | stuff like podcasts or casual YouTube watching, but I find
             | that the increased effort needed to arbitrarily change
             | speed or skip around always makes me end up not retaining
             | or enjoying the content I consume as much.
        
               | tempestn wrote:
               | It depends on the type of information, for me. I love
               | podcasts (history, policy, some news) but when I'm trying
               | to research a topic or find instructions on something, or
               | that kind of thing, I also vastly prefer text. Kind of
               | drives me crazy when the most relevant source I can find
               | is a 15 minute youtube video explaining something that
               | could be distilled into a paragraph of text.
        
               | yodelshady wrote:
               | I would add for practical skills (including some
               | research!) videos and podcasts seem to offer more
               | feedback. Nobody in a book ever _tells_ me what a flange
               | or spline or baulk ring actually _is_ , nobody in a video
               | does either, but in the latter I get to see it and make
               | my own, usually fit-for-current-purpose, inferences.
               | 
               | Closer personal example: I spent weeks trying to bully a
               | supervised machine learning approach into a reinforcement
               | learning one, because the 800-page reference book I used
               | (that claims to cover all machine learning, and is well
               | regarded!) _in no way acknowledges the existence of this
               | sub field_. For whatever reason, and across multiple
               | fields, I 've never found static text to be good at
               | "here's what you should be looking for", and I don't
               | think it's reasonable to discount that knowledge as being
               | valuable.
        
               | Thlom wrote:
               | Same. Especially Youtube videos explaining and showing
               | something really simple that takes like 5 seconds but
               | they go on for 10-15 minutes. I suspect it has something
               | to do with Youtubes algorithms that encourages creators
               | to make long videos.
        
               | pbhjpbhj wrote:
               | In part. There was definitely a 10 min target time for a
               | long while.
               | 
               | However, a lot of TV shows - particularly USA ones seem
               | to needlessly repeat everything like there running a
               | lecture for amnesiacs. Here's what we're going to say in
               | the first part, here's the first part, we say what we
               | said we would, now a recap, then a break so we review the
               | whole first part ... now we're 10 minutes into the show
               | and we've seen about two minutes of unique footage. It's
               | harrowing -- I'll take overdrawn explanations in
               | preference to that.
        
               | stavros wrote:
               | https://youtu.be/7MFtl2XXnUc
        
               | exikyut wrote:
               | aaaaaaAAAAAAAAAAAAAAALLL
        
               | exikyut wrote:
               | https://quoteinvestigator.com/2017/08/15/tell-em/
        
               | usrusr wrote:
               | I particularly miss the feeling of being in control: with
               | text I can skip scan, reread and so on with just an eye
               | motion.
               | 
               | The first time I encountered the concept of a 3xer was in
               | the context of political radicalization, people infusing
               | their mind with YouTube self-radicalization content on 3x
               | (or higher) every day. My mind conjured up images of
               | Malcolm McDowell in that A Clockwork Orange scene, only
               | that it's self-inflicted and with content aiming at the
               | exact opposite.
        
               | BlueTemplar wrote:
               | Are you ? After all, YouTube is a recent phenomenon for
               | us, and we've even known a time without widespread
               | Internet when knowledge was still overwhelmingly in
               | books...
        
               | jules wrote:
               | I've noticed that reading is faster than listening at 3x
               | speed. A quick way to test this is to enable subtitles.
        
           | bajsejohannes wrote:
           | In addition to what you're saying, it can also be _harder_ to
           | watch something at 1x speed. I've found that at 1.25x-1.5x my
           | mind is more engaged. If it's too slow, I start thinking
           | about other things and end up getting less from the video.
        
             | nextlevelwizard wrote:
             | I think the slowness of the videos is for non-english
             | speakers. Meaning people who can understand english to a
             | point, but aren't using english every day.
             | 
             | Some years ago when I used to play games there was these
             | awesome guides to some hard challenges a guy made where he
             | was speaking pretty fast because there was a lot to cover
             | and it was narrated over live footage. It was perfectly
             | understandable to me, but the comment section was full of
             | complains about the speed and how it was too hard to
             | follow. This to me suggests that most of people would
             | prefer if you paused the action to make your point slowly
             | and after that continued with the footage.
        
               | BlueTemplar wrote:
               | Wait, you can also slow _down_ YouTube videos, can 't you
               | ?
        
               | freemint wrote:
               | Yeah but it sounds like shut then since there are fewer
               | samples per second of Playback.
        
               | nextlevelwizard wrote:
               | yes, but that's an option you need to select. Normal
               | people aren't going to even try searching for an option
               | like that. Also it was 8 years ago, so I don't know if
               | that was an option back then and in any case that would
               | slowdown the footage as well.
        
             | khariel wrote:
             | To me this is fairly dependent on how fast the speaker
             | speaks. Most of the times 1.25x works well. Sometimes 1.5x
             | is too fast.
        
               | michaelcampbell wrote:
               | I find this true on podcasts; I'm normally a 1.3-1.5x
               | person listening to podcasts, except "No Such Thing as a
               | Fish". That one I go slower on, just because they seem to
               | talk quite quickly, comparatively.
        
           | thepasswordis wrote:
           | Which addon are you using for youtube?
        
             | Topgamer7 wrote:
             | Enhancer for Youtuber
        
               | michaelcampbell wrote:
               | This is a game changer.
        
             | razh wrote:
             | Ilya Grigorik's Video Speed Controller?
             | 
             | https://github.com/igrigorik/videospeed
        
             | fossuser wrote:
             | I just modify it directly in the console (I have to search
             | to look up the command every time).
        
               | CompuHacker wrote:
               | Hit the Up arrow key in the console; in Firefox at least,
               | command history persists across sessions.
               | 
               | For reference; $('video').playbackRate=3.33
               | 
               | The playback engine mutes audio below 0.25x and above 4x,
               | not configurable.
        
             | daenz wrote:
             | https://chrome.google.com/webstore/detail/youtube-
             | playback-s...
             | 
             | But I suspect they're all mostly similar
        
             | vbezhenar wrote:
             | "<"/">" buttons decrease/increase playback speed (up to
             | 2.0).
        
             | zoul wrote:
             | For Safari there's Dynamo, too, that lets you skip ads
             | apart from changing the speed:
             | 
             | https://dynamoformac.com/
             | 
             | (I am the author.)
        
             | jholman wrote:
             | I wrote a bookmarklet. Works on all non-iframe audio and
             | video.
             | 
             | javascript:void%20function(){document.querySelector(%22vide
             | o,audio%22).playbackRate=parseFloat(prompt(%22Set%20the%20p
             | layback rate%22))}();
             | 
             | Here's a non-interactive version
             | 
             | javascript:void%20function(){document.querySelector(%22audi
             | o,video%22).playbackRate=2.7}();
        
         | memco wrote:
         | Long before audio books were a public thing I received a
         | special tape player for listening to audio recordings of my
         | school textbooks because I have low vision. I was ecstatic to
         | learn that I could adjust the speed and could still understand
         | the book at something around 2-2.5x speed. I don't know to what
         | extent other bling or impaired persons use the speed controls
         | but I'm guessing it's designed because some people can process
         | the information and others more slowly and this isn't a bad
         | thing per se. I also agree that the information glut is not a
         | good habit but listening to something at a faster speed is not
         | in abs of itself information glut. Sometimes the bottleneck in
         | presentation speed is the speaker not the listener.
        
         | sschueller wrote:
         | I would prefer a plugin that could remove "ehm"s and pauses
         | from speakers that are new to the game.
        
           | tsmeets wrote:
           | Not sure how well it removes "ehm"s, but I use unsilence[1] a
           | lot for lectures. It removes the silent bits from a video
           | file. It isn't a browser plugin however. You have to download
           | the lecture before converting.
           | 
           | It works quite well in my experience.
           | 
           | [1] https://github.com/lagmoellertim/unsilence
        
           | dgellow wrote:
           | I believe that's what Overcast "Smart speed" does for
           | podcasts. Would be nice to have for videos.
        
             | Thlom wrote:
             | Pocketcast can remove silence at least. Not sure about
             | filler sounds like ehm.
             | 
             | According to Pocketcast I've "saved" over 3 days by
             | trimming silence and over a month by speeding up. I've
             | listened to a lot of podcasts it seems ...
        
           | mb_72 wrote:
           | If only this wasn't necessary - a lot of online stuff has had
           | a single 'take' done and minimal editing out of such time-
           | wasting utterances or silences. And once you start to notice
           | such characteristics in some poor speakers it can be a
           | complete deal-breaker in terms of actually learning
           | something.
        
           | dredmorbius wrote:
           | I have quite literally gone through long lectures and edited
           | out such filler words (Audacity is good for this), where the
           | material is sufficiently compelling (an extreme rarity).
           | 
           | It's really a telling level of contempt for an audience to
           | allow unedited material containing excessive fillers to be
           | released. I'm not at all a fan of the "one take, FI/SI"
           | school of podcasts, and will bail out of virtually anything
           | that features this.
           | 
           | For vapid voiceovers, I'll often just watch the video with
           | sound off. My response is similar to how Douglas Adams
           | described Marvin the Android hearing people count.
        
       | ar_kan wrote:
       | Two important takeaways to remember: 1. Think more strategically
       | about what you want to learn and why. 2. Proper knowledge
       | requires proper contemplation & synthesis.
        
       | ulnarkressty wrote:
       | My problem was that I was watching Youtube videos (mostly pop-sci
       | stuff) for too long and not doing anything. I solved this problem
       | by watching them on 2x speed. My current problem is that I'm now
       | watching 2x the videos.
        
       | michaelerule wrote:
       | I don't listen at 3x speed to learn more, I listen at 3x speed
       | because anything slower is uncomfortably boring. (ADHD.)
        
       | anotheryou wrote:
       | I speed up not to become disengaged out of boredom.
       | 
       | A also listen twice and often slower for important sections,
       | pause to process if something was dense.
       | 
       | Sounds and video are just super restrictive in timing, of course
       | it's too slow for some and too fast for others.
       | 
       | In a similar fashion a good movie has enough depth to keep you
       | attached, even if the story progresses slow. A sitcom is boring
       | at times and lacks it. But a good movie has a depth and realism
       | that let's you get lost in the unsaid backstories, the ambience
       | etc. You don't have that in a lecture.
        
       | jcranberry wrote:
       | Secondary school is one thing but in university, lectures aren't
       | there to build your understanding for you. They're there for one
       | of 3 reasons: 1) auditory learning of the same material, 2) to
       | give you additional material not present in reading, or 3) to
       | give a different perspective of the same material. Lectures are
       | also just not long enough to do the work for you - building your
       | understanding is your own responsibility.
       | 
       | I'm also skeptical about this type of complaint on textbooks. I'm
       | not going to say all textbooks are great but this idea that a
       | textbook is a direct impediment or flawed tool for active
       | learning has had no bearing in reality for me personally. Poor
       | textbooks are poor tools. Good textbooks are good tools (I
       | personally don't find there to be a lack of good textbooks). In
       | the subject I majored in at university, mathematics, I can't
       | imagine any amount of teacher input can take the place of problem
       | sets and time spent poring over a textbook struggling to grok
       | something.
       | 
       | I agree that active learning is a necessary part of a successful
       | education. However, almost all the specific targets of this
       | article to be off the mark. In my experience, lectures and
       | textbooks are not what keeps active learning from taking place,
       | in fact they are what necessitates active learning.
       | 
       | I agree with the stated point, however using the university
       | education style as a target frustrates me, because the critique
       | of Mike this article gives is exactly the kind of objection I
       | might have to to claiming that textbooks and lectures are
       | insufficient for learning. Engage, don't just consume!
       | 
       | On more of a quibble than critique, I think 3x playback is poor
       | as the titular metaphor for shallow learning. Listening to an
       | audio book at ordinary speed I find to be far too fast to allow
       | any kind of useful contemplation, and too slow to retain my
       | interest (possibly due to my ADHD, perhaps others find this
       | easier). If I need to think about something, I pause it. Not all
       | information has equal utility, nor do all information streams
       | have equal density. Depending on the narration and content of an
       | audio book I find listening at a higher rate to often be ideal
       | for trialing information for greater analysis. For something
       | else, such as a video feed of a sports game, real time is often
       | too fast for me to even consume all the information I would like
       | (although when watching a sports game I may be more interested in
       | the experience than tactics or particulars of a play).
        
       | com2kid wrote:
       | > Every student could now study the same material, no matter
       | where they lived. In tune with this post-industrial mindset,
       | fuzzy and hard to quantify educational methods like
       | apprenticeships and the singular teachings of local sages were
       | overtaken by national benchmarks and one-size-fits-all
       | curriculums.
       | 
       | It also meant every student got at least something resembling an
       | education, even if the quality of local educators was sub-par.
       | 
       | Mass production of almost anything tends towards results that are
       | a bit below what people hope for, but the results are uniform.
       | 
       | I want to know where the author of this post expects to find all
       | these amazing teachers at for every single small town and village
       | around the country.
       | 
       | Yes, I also had some absolutely incredible teachers out there. I
       | also had lecturers so good that I was able to pay attention for
       | the entire hour. But in general, sure, I'll buy that most of my
       | classes had maybe 20 minutes of focus in them. But I'd also say
       | the majority of teachers were aware of this and, up until
       | college, didn't try to talk for more than 10 or 15 minutes at one
       | go.
        
         | allknowingfrog wrote:
         | We're mass-producing teachers, but we're also mass-producing
         | students. In the example of a medieval university or a
         | traditional apprenticeship, the students have some kind of
         | vested interest in being there. These were limited
         | opportunities, not universal requirements. In contrast, most
         | teachers in most classrooms today are trying to impart
         | knowledge that their students aren't particularly motivated to
         | have.
         | 
         | Lectures are a great way to convey information to students who
         | want the information in the first place. They are a terrible
         | way to engage with involuntary participants.
        
       | culebron21 wrote:
       | I'm impressed more by the comments than the article itself. Some
       | people insist they make progress and listen 3x, but nobody showed
       | any practical measurements of own skills.
       | 
       | A personal example: I used to listen to a famous linguist, and
       | everything seemed nice and clear, but then I decided to go in
       | details on one particular question (I think accentuantion), and
       | opened his book. It was like if you showed your programming code
       | to a farmer: incomprehensible stream of linguistic terms. My
       | complacency was shattered in 1 minute.
       | 
       | There's some scientific evidence as well:
       | 
       | 1. Lectures are proved to be a bad way to learn things.
       | https://www.science.org/content/article/lectures-arent-just-...
       | 
       | 2. A nice experiment showing that if you enjoy a lesson, it
       | usually means you make no progress, meanwhile hard practice
       | actually does make you progress:
       | https://www.pnas.org/content/116/39/19251
       | 
       | I suppose, those who insist they learn something, do make
       | progress at memorizing trivia, but not at practical skills or any
       | systematic understanding.
       | 
       | This kind of knowledge feels firm only until it's tested by
       | practical task or by serious questioning.
        
         | jordic wrote:
         | This is one of the firsts principes of critical thinking: it's
         | not only about understanding something, it's about being ready
         | to challange it.
        
         | asimpletune wrote:
         | > if you enjoy a lesson, it usually means you make no progress
         | 
         | If you learned something at all, then you should feel a tad bit
         | dumber than before you started. A lot of people though actively
         | avoid ever feeling dumb, so they want "edutainment".
         | 
         | I think both are useful, but obviously not in the same
         | proportions.
         | 
         | If I were to make a language course, I would definitely try to
         | make people _feel_ smarter with the sample lessons. That being
         | said, so much content is basically 95% this and 5% the
         | important stuff. So I think it 's important to find a balance.
         | You need to sell to your audience, you do that by making them
         | feel better after sampling the content, but there's actually
         | negative value if the content never dips into the "you're going
         | to feel dumber for a little while but it's ok" territory.
         | 
         | I've never taken Masterclass, but is it all just edutainment?
         | The people I know who take them seem to really prefer to feel
         | good after learning stuff.
        
         | dan-robertson wrote:
         | At conferences, people will say they liked and learned from
         | talks that were complicated and largely incomprehensible, and
         | that they found trivial and boring the talks that managed to
         | explain the thing well enough that it was actually understood.
        
         | tomxor wrote:
         | > Some people insist they make progress and listen 3x, but
         | nobody showed any practical measurements of own skills.
         | 
         | Perception is a strong force, and being good at "evaluating
         | your current ability", and more broadly being good at
         | "evaluating how good you are at evaluating your current
         | ability", is a skill in itself.
         | 
         | Awareness that you may currently be incapable of measuring
         | these things in an unbiased way is a big step on this path, the
         | next step being the realization that you probably are
         | incapable.
        
         | zaptheimpaler wrote:
         | 100%! This reminded me of a similar lesson beaten into us
         | _repeatedly_ in college. I would study for a test and feel like
         | everything was crystal clear. Then i walk into the exam and get
         | absolutely destroyed by stuff i thought i understood.. over and
         | over again. It was (unfortunately) a common experience.
         | 
         | Seeing the answers afterwards, they usually involved facts i
         | knew applied in a way i could not. That experience convinced me
         | that your internal assessment of how well you understand
         | something can be _wildly_ off without an objective yardstick.
         | Like nothing teaches epistemic humility quite as forcefully as
         | getting rekt in an exam.
        
           | turdnagel wrote:
           | I also had a similar experience in college, but I'm having
           | trouble understanding what the lesson you learned was. Did
           | you eventually improve?
        
             | opportune wrote:
             | I think this is a problem solvable by doing practice
             | problems.
             | 
             | For me with Math this is something I learned the hard way
             | many times. In more advanced math tests you will be asked
             | to prove something novel (to you) using skills/material
             | from the covered subject. So it's not enough to know the
             | theorems, you need to understand them at a deeper level so
             | you can apply them in new situations or use a similar
             | practice from the theorem to prove something similar.
             | 
             | This is pretty straightforward for most math/physics/other
             | stem courses since they're usually accompanied by problem
             | sets in their textbooks, and it's rare to have to do
             | absolutely all of them as HW.
        
           | dqpb wrote:
           | For me, the act of programming has taught me epistemic
           | humility much more forcefully and consistently than exams.
        
           | supportlocal4h wrote:
           | A bit off-topic, but I remember a college class in which I
           | was completely lost. I wasn't even clear on the topic of the
           | class. Nothing ever made sense. I got D's on most of the
           | tests. I was enormously frustrated. Then, at the end, I got
           | my final grade: B+.
           | 
           | My sense of relief was comical and fleeting. It was replaced
           | by anger. How was it possible that most of the students in
           | the class did worse than I? What an absolute waste to subject
           | us all to such nonsense.
        
             | mcguire wrote:
             | I remember speaking to an engineering statistics (IIRC)
             | professor once, who said that no one had ever gotten an 'A'
             | in his class. (Presumably, the final grades were curved
             | like yours.) He said it proudly. I considered asking him if
             | he was teaching basket-weaving or underwater archaeology to
             | his statistics students.
             | 
             | I heard a story from an academic coordinator once, of an
             | instructor who had been hired for a required CS computer
             | architecture class because he was a friend of the
             | department chairman. He was an electrical engineer, which
             | made some sense, but then students started showing up in
             | the coordinator's office crying and trying to drop the
             | class well after the last drop date. It seemed he thought
             | CS undergraduates were supposed to be the same as
             | electrical engineering grad students, and wanted to fail
             | the entire class. (He did not, nor did he get hired for
             | further classes. After many years, though, his friend was
             | the department chairman again and hired him as a tenured
             | professor and the department's external relations
             | coordinator. This is part of the reason I did not go into
             | academia.)
             | 
             | Many instructors are just stinking bad. Many aren't, and
             | manage to tie together both interesting lectures and more
             | active assignments. But the bad ones do leave marks.
        
             | blakesley wrote:
             | Are you just talking about grading on a curve? This
             | happened to me in a graduate math class and I agree with
             | you that it felt unnecessarily demoralizing. But it also
             | seemed like a natural outcome of grading a hard class on a
             | curve.
        
               | titanomachy wrote:
               | It's not just that the grading was on a curve, it's that
               | they learned nothing at all but still got a better grade
               | than most of the class (implying that no one learned
               | anything). Almost better to just have the whole class
               | fail, then at least the department will notice that the
               | professor is useless.
               | 
               | That wouldn't really be fair to the students who care
               | about their GPAs, though.
        
               | sandyarmstrong wrote:
               | I had some upper division math classes that were offered
               | for both undergrad and grad credits. I enjoyed the
               | classes, but one thing I noticed was that the teacher
               | seemed to be under some pressure to ensure the grad
               | students passed. They didn't seem to care about the
               | classes and performed horribly, I would do OK, and at the
               | end of term all the undergrads like me would exit with an
               | almost-guaranteed A.
               | 
               | Really helped to shape my perception that grades are
               | meaningless and ultimately political.
        
               | mcguire wrote:
               | In most graduate programs, grades are meaningless---what
               | matters is that dissertation at the end.
        
             | carlhjerpe wrote:
             | I get the sense that history teachers talk about how
             | history is the most important, physics teachers talk about
             | how physics is the most important, gender politics the
             | same, arts the same etc...
             | 
             | There's incentive to keep yourself employed however
             | useless, bloated or out of time what you're teaching is.
             | 
             | I'm not sure how the school plan is evaluated in different
             | places, but i feel like for example religion in a country
             | like Sweden where most people don't believe in it[1] should
             | be brought down to make space for something Swedes think is
             | important.
             | 
             | [1]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irreligion_in_Sweden
        
           | culebron21 wrote:
           | I had to learn driving a car this spring, with manual
           | transmission. Knowing these things helped a lot. I made notes
           | of all the traffic regulations document, and made tables of
           | all long and intricate rules (e.g. lists of places where
           | u-turn is forbidden, or backpedal, or what are speed limits
           | for different kinds of vehicles/roads).
           | 
           | This helped avoid learning all those 1000 test questions,
           | what most students did.
           | 
           | And using computer simulator with 3 pedals helped to automate
           | the movements, and think of subtleties. Reportedly, those who
           | had no practice before driving school, under the pressure of
           | the exam, didn't stall the engine, but failed exactly in
           | higher-order matters, like they'd cross continuous lines or
           | not notice speed limit signs.
        
             | laurent92 wrote:
             | If you can, teach your kid to drive at 13. On private
             | property obviously, no traffic rules, just the mechanical
             | part. Everything after that will be much easier.
        
             | titanomachy wrote:
             | Do you live somewhere with an unusually hard driving test?
             | I don't remember studying much at all for the written test
             | (Canada), let alone memorizing a bank of 1000 questions. I
             | never heard of anyone failing the written test.
             | 
             | Plenty of people failed the driving test, though.
        
         | petters wrote:
         | It is very clear to me that listening at 3x works after some
         | training. (Not surprising, since almost everyone already reads
         | way faster than normal speech)
         | 
         | The proof for this is e.g. blind people. Listen to what their
         | screen readers sound like! I bet it will be hard to know even
         | what language it is.
        
           | mcguire wrote:
           | I have listened, and it's amazing, but I'm not sure they are
           | understanding more than I would if I were scanning the page
           | for the navigation options. (I haven't heard someone
           | listening to a long-form text for understanding.)
        
         | ErikVandeWater wrote:
         | I wonder the quality of learning if you listen to/watch
         | something at 2x speed twice. Bonus if there is a delay in which
         | your mind may formulate questions.
         | 
         | I'm guessing it would be superior unless it was a very high
         | difficulty piece. Having a basic understanding and then
         | formulating questions allows you have an input on the learning,
         | as opposed to simply listening.
         | 
         | I would also say that with some material (esp. fiction), your
         | "comprehension" may go up if you listen to it faster, because
         | you don't give your mind a chance to wonder if something makes
         | sense; I often fall for the trap of asking what I would do in a
         | given situation, and then when the character does something
         | nonsensical, I go looking for a good reason. I lose sight of
         | what the author is trying to say because they made a mistake
         | when trying to forward the plot.
        
           | ZeroGravitas wrote:
           | I believe the research supports fast reading as being better,
           | because you get more of an overview, but presumably this
           | peaks at some point, same as audio.
        
           | culebron21 wrote:
           | Try this: after listening to a story or to a lecture, retell
           | it to someone else in as much detail as possible. Or try
           | defending lecturer's position or what their information
           | implies. You'll be shocked to discover, you don't know enough
           | details.
           | 
           | You'll have to listen another time, and off goes the profit
           | of x2 speed. But even after listening multiple times, it's
           | still very hard to argue for, or retell in details what's
           | been said. Unless it's a radio show, where information is
           | sparse.
        
             | TchoBeer wrote:
             | >and off goes the profit of x2 speed
             | 
             | I'm unconvinced. Is it better to listen to something once
             | at 1x speed or twice at 2x speed?
        
         | 1equalsequals1 wrote:
         | Are you referring to Noam Chomsky?
        
           | culebron21 wrote:
           | I refer to Andrey Zalyznyak.
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrey_Zaliznyak
        
           | zeckalpha wrote:
           | Unlikely, his specialty is syntax rather than phonology
        
         | enominezerum wrote:
         | Yea, this is why my IT program had such poor students in the
         | higher grade levels. I would spend 8 hours on Saturday on labs
         | and other students would breeze through them in a couple hours.
         | 
         | I asked them if they really knew what they were doing and they
         | claimed they did, until after summer break when they forgot
         | everything but I had literal muscle memory from typing commands
         | and performing sequences.
         | 
         | I'd complete my labs for credit and then either reset and try
         | to break them or complete the lab again.
         | 
         | In IT we call the 3x speed folks "Paper Tigers" they may have
         | accreditations and exam certs that say they know a lot, but
         | throw them a curveball and they can barely pass muster.
        
         | twic wrote:
         | > "When I began disciplined reading, I was reading at a rate of
         | four thousand words a minute," the girl said. "They had quite a
         | time correcting me of it. I had to take remedial reading, and
         | my parents were ashamed of me. Now I've learned to read almost
         | slow enough."
         | 
         | > Slow enough, that is, to remember verbatim everything she has
         | read. "We on Camiroi are only a little more intelligent than
         | you on Earth," one of the adults says. "We cannot afford to
         | waste time on forgetting or reviewing, or pursuing anything of
         | a shallowness that lends itself to scanning."
         | 
         | -- Primary Education of the Camiroi, R. A. Lafferty [1]
         | 
         | [1] https://www.thenewatlantis.com/text-patterns/reading-at-
         | spee...
        
         | bsder wrote:
         | > Lectures are proved to be a bad way to learn things.
         | 
         | This may be, but studies _also_ show that you should review the
         | material before the lecture so that you can _engage the
         | lecturer_.
         | 
         | I can count on a single hand and not use all the fingers the
         | number of students I have taught who always reviewed the
         | material before I lectured on it. Unsurprisingly, those
         | students absolutely sailed through my class with very high
         | grades.
         | 
         | So, what should I, as a college lecturer, do about this?
         | 
         | Everybody claims they want "active learning", but there are
         | _two_ parties to that bargain.
        
           | foerbert wrote:
           | I've always loved the concept, and yet was always the student
           | that would scoff when lecturers mentioned reviewing. The
           | problem is "active learning" doesn't work outside of small
           | groups at a similar "level" so to speak (as in background
           | knowledge, dedication, and interest).
           | 
           | Very few college classes meet these requirements. When they
           | did, they were amazing. But otherwise, reviewing just makes
           | it nearly impossible to pay attention as the lecturer slowly
           | speaks the material you already know. And then any questions
           | you may have require too much detail to actually answer in
           | the lecture. It's really quite miserable. Why would you do
           | that to yourself?
        
             | dr_zoidberg wrote:
             | In a course I teach when the isolation measures started in
             | my country we got 2 weeks in advance to turn everything
             | from in-person classes to virtual "maybe for a month, and
             | then we'll go back" (you can imagine how that turned out).
             | 
             | So during 2020 we moved into a model where we recorded the
             | lectures for students to watch on their own time, and then
             | they'd have a questions-only class (or so they were told).
             | This turned out to get 80-90% of the students to actually
             | view the material before class, and then they'd ask
             | questions about what they didn't understand. On a few
             | difficult topics, we ended up having yet another lecture
             | (but focused on the parts they had trouble following).
             | 
             | On some occasions where they didn't engage with many
             | questions (I think it was the first few classes under this
             | model, which was novel to the students) we the teachers
             | picked up on doing a quick recap and focusing on what we
             | knew beforehand tends to be hard to understand, and engaged
             | them in the class (questions, explain the concepts
             | themselves, etc).
             | 
             | Here's my take: it takes a lot of effort to do this, from
             | recording the material beforehand, to "lying" that the
             | class will be questions-only for clearing up (and we know
             | we'll end up explaining yet again if they don't bring
             | questions), to actively engaging and changing the pace of
             | the lectures/classes.
             | 
             | Because of all this effort, out of 5 different courses I
             | teach, I only managed to pull this in 1, and we're still
             | tweaking a lot of content to make it work better under this
             | model. But we're planning to keep it even after the
             | restrictions are gone (we're still not giving in-person
             | classes at my university, in theory they'll be back for
             | 2022).
        
           | marcosdumay wrote:
           | Hum, if people are engaging, it's not a lecture. Discussions
           | are much more effective than lectures.
           | 
           | What I've never seen is a comparison between a pure lecture
           | (like it would be on video) and reading a book. Those two fit
           | the same stage on an effective "get pointed to the content,
           | get the raw content, refine it with people and the real
           | world" learning process.
           | 
           | Now, about your question, I have no idea :)
        
           | culebron21 wrote:
           | Also, confirming what you wrote: students who excelled at my
           | courses, usually took some courses, like online, before that.
           | Those who were great at maths in the university, said their
           | parents were mathematicians, and they were exposed to
           | advanced maths, like quadratic or trigonometric equations
           | already at the age of 7-9.
        
           | HPsquared wrote:
           | That requires the material to be available in advance, which
           | often isn't the case.
        
           | criddell wrote:
           | I think for some subjects and some teachers, swapping
           | homework time and lecture time can work. For example, if you
           | are learning calculus, it may be more efficient for the
           | teacher to assign reading a section of a textbook as homework
           | and then in the classroom work through a bunch of problems
           | and proofs using the homework material.
        
           | lordnacho wrote:
           | I always thought lectures aren't for teaching, they are
           | basically just some more detail on the syllabus. Basically
           | it's the prof saying "you need to know this proof, I'll skim
           | over it fast and you can figure it out in your own time".
        
           | rfrey wrote:
           | If they worked through the material prior to the lecture,
           | perhaps the lectures were spurious for them, and the credit
           | for the high grades goes to the individual work.
        
           | ad404b8a372f2b9 wrote:
           | This is what I do when learning math and it works really
           | well.
           | 
           | Lectures alone don't give you a deep understanding and a
           | solid theoretical grasp of the concepts and their
           | manipulations, books alone are very dense and often lack the
           | intuition and human explanations of the concepts. But if you
           | go book then lecture you get a double whammy of thick theory
           | followed by an exposition of the intuition behind it and
           | suddenly everything clicks together.
           | 
           | I imagine it's obvious to many, but I only realized it
           | recently.
        
           | culebron21 wrote:
           | I also taught at commercial courses and in a university,
           | trying to apply active learning, but it didn't go well, so I
           | haven't an answer to this problem either.
        
         | BurningFrog wrote:
         | You can think of lectures as showing the extremely conservative
         | education industry not being able to reform itself since before
         | the printing press.
        
         | naasking wrote:
         | This lends credence to the educational reform that I always
         | found the most compelling: kids/people should be reading the
         | chapters for the lecture ahead of time as their homework, and
         | doing the practice problems in class instead of a lecture, so
         | the teacher can actually help students work through problems
         | (rather than parents who don't know the material).
         | 
         | A brief review/lecture at the end to tie together all of that
         | practice intoa coherent story then wraps it all up.
        
           | necrotic_comp wrote:
           | This is the Thayer method, iirc
           | 
           | https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=.
           | ..
           | 
           | For each class, a text lesson is assigned. This assignment
           | includes a reading and specific problems associated with the
           | reading material. Each cadet is expected to "work the
           | problems." (Note: Prior to 2000 these problems were called
           | "drill problems"; the current terminology is "suggested
           | problems.")
           | 
           | * "One learns mathematics by doing mathematics." Cadets are
           | encouraged to be active learners and to "do" mathematics.
           | Group work is encouraged and expected. Special projects are a
           | major portion of each core mathematics course-work on these
           | projects is done in teams of two or three.
           | 
           | * Cadets are required to study the concepts of each lesson in
           | such a way as to be ready to use them in three ways: 1. To
           | express them fluently in words and symbols 2. To use them in
           | proof and analysis 3. To apply them to the solution of
           | original problems
           | 
           | * The instructor's goal during each lesson is to cause the
           | maximum number of cadets to actively participate in the day's
           | lesson. One of the instructor's roles is to facilitate the
           | learning activity in the classroom. This may take the form of
           | a question or a remark to clarify a point.
           | 
           | * Class begins with the instructor's questions on the
           | assigned text lesson. Cadets are asked if there are questions
           | on the assignment. Example problems are worked and discussed.
           | Cadets are sent to the boards to work in groups of two or
           | three on specific problems that are provided (so called
           | "board problems"). These board problems may be similar to the
           | problems assigned with the text lesson or they may be
           | "original."
           | 
           | * Cadets are selected to recite on the problems they work.
           | Questions are encouraged.
           | 
           | * The instructor spends a few minutes to discuss the next
           | lesson. This practice is commonly called the "pre-teach."
        
             | ghaff wrote:
             | This also has a lot in common with the case study method in
             | both law and business although the specifics are obviously
             | different for a technical topic.
        
           | ninly wrote:
           | When I first went back to school for tech stuff (ultimately a
           | master's in EE), my instructor for the entire calculus
           | sequence -- and later on for linear algebra -- struck what I
           | found to be the ideal balance. Something like:
           | 
           | 0. Homework is never collected or graded, but don't be fooled
           | into thinking it's not required -- that is, if you don't do
           | the homework, you are extremely unlikely to pass the
           | exams/course. Essentially, this is not knowledge we were
           | learning -- it is skills that require practice. Homework is
           | an opportunity to practice and hone skills.
           | 
           | 1. Each lecture introduces a concept and/or technique, and
           | works through a few demonstrative problems to show what it
           | means or how it is done. Homework is assigned from textbook
           | problems that involve the same techniques with progressive
           | difficulty or complexity. The textbook used that pattern
           | where odd-numbered problems included solutions, and
           | assignments usually involved the ones with solutions.
           | 
           | 2. The last one-quarter to one-third of every class period
           | was dedicated to review and questions about the homework
           | assigned for the previous class. Because we had the correct
           | solutions in the text, we knew what to ask about (i.e. the
           | ones we couldn't get to come out right). This particular
           | instructor was fantastic at thinking on his feet and working
           | problems on the fly, correctly and without preparation, so
           | usually he'd just work the problem on the board and we could
           | stop him to ask for a more detailed explanation if necessary.
           | 
           | Granted, this model didn't work as well for his linear
           | algebra class. Since many of those problems involve long
           | slogs through tedious and error-prone matrix operations
           | before/while you were really dealing with the concept or
           | technique being introduced, he couldn't as easily demo entire
           | solutions during the question/review periods. I suppose that
           | difficulty would apply to several other higher-math topics,
           | as well, but even so, later in my education I often found
           | myself wishing this or that professor would follow the
           | pattern of my humble calculus teacher.
        
           | rmah wrote:
           | Many teachers/professors I had in my youth asked the class to
           | read the material before lecture so the lecture could be a
           | summary and then most of the time spent asking
           | questions/discussing the topic. Few students actually did so.
        
             | naasking wrote:
             | It's not a matter of asking, it's mandatory. Reading is
             | your homework, and if you don't read the night before you
             | won't be able to do your problems and get help of you need
             | it the day of.
        
               | aidenn0 wrote:
               | But it's far simpler to check if students did 20 math
               | problems then if they read a section of their textbook
        
           | reaperducer wrote:
           | _people should be reading the chapters for the lecture ahead
           | of time as their homework, and doing the practice problems in
           | class instead of a lecture_
           | 
           | While it's been decades since I went to college, I'm
           | surprised this is no longer how it's done. That was pretty
           | much the routine when I was in school.
           | 
           | At the end of the class, the professor would say, "Next week,
           | we'll be doing X, Y, and Z. It's chapters A, B, and C in the
           | book." You'd prepare for it over the weekend. The following
           | week, we'd have a mixture of lecture, discussion, and
           | quizzes.
           | 
           | Is it the other way around now? Lecture first, then the books
           | and papers?
        
           | asciimov wrote:
           | I've never liked the flipped classroom structure.
           | 
           | First, I'm a slow reader, so I always feel penalized when it
           | takes me twice as long to get through a text as classmates.
           | 
           | Second, math/engineering/science lessons typically build upon
           | understanding the first example. If you don't understand or
           | have questions about the earlier parts of the lesson you will
           | have a hard time completing the lesson.
           | 
           | Third, most text books I have encountered are terrible. Grade
           | and High schools typically are trying to get the cheapest
           | books so their dollar stretches further. In college, too many
           | Profs/Departments push certain books because of kickbacks.
           | 
           | Finally, too often enough people don't complete the readings,
           | so you end up covering the material in class anyway. Or
           | worse, not at all. I had several profs who's assigned reading
           | was never to be discussed in class but was prominently
           | featured in tests.
           | 
           | I much prefer the typical lecture that allows for questions
           | and discussions during the class. That way I can quickly
           | address the issues I have with the material when I encounter
           | it instead of having to wait till the next class hoping I
           | don't fall too far behind.
        
           | smitop wrote:
           | This is called a flipped classroom:
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flipped_classroom
        
           | BeFlatXIII wrote:
           | > so the teacher can actually help students work through
           | problems (rather than parents who don't know the material).
           | 
           | This seems to be the continual heart of opposition to
           | restructuring math curricula. Whether it's my parents
           | generation recalling how their parents couldn't make heads or
           | tails of new math or parents slightly older than me
           | struggling to comprehend the Common Core math they're
           | supposed to guide their children through, the essence of the
           | complaint is the same: "how can I teach my child what I was
           | never taught myself?"
        
           | Ajedi32 wrote:
           | I would go even further and argue that making students read
           | or listen to lectures for any significant length of time
           | without them being actively engaged with the lesson is sub-
           | optimal.
           | 
           | Newer learning systems like Duo Lingo, ALEKS, and Brilliant
           | do an excellent job of constantly, actively engaging students
           | with the lesson, tightening the feedback loop between
           | teaching the student something and checking whether they
           | actually learned it to seconds rather than days.
           | 
           | After experiencing such systems for myself I'm blown away
           | that they aren't already the norm.
        
             | ben_w wrote:
             | While Duolingo is certainly better than the previous school
             | standard of "here's a textbook, here's an audio tape to
             | play on loop", it's nowhere near the level of a private
             | tutor.
             | 
             | I'm currently nearing a 2000-day streak and have repeatedly
             | gold-starred the German course as they add more content,
             | and Duolingo isn't the only app I'm using.
             | 
             | Despite this, while my vocabulary is OK, I don't conjugate
             | even close to correctly, my grammar in general sucks, and I
             | can only comprehend real-life spoken German if the speaker
             | talks very slowly and clearly and uses a sufficiently short
             | sentences -- from experience, the sort of conversation
             | you'd find in an interview in a general interest magazine
             | in the waiting room of a Hausarzt.
             | 
             | I'm also trying to learn Arabic on Duolingo. Over a year
             | into that course, I still can't even read the entire Arabic
             | alphabet.
        
               | Ajedi32 wrote:
               | Sure, but it's also nowhere near the price of a private
               | tutor. Regardless of subject, I don't think giving each
               | student their own human private tutor is feasible. I've
               | become convinced interactive, adaptive, software based
               | learning is the next best thing, at least when done
               | right.
               | 
               | For language specifically, the only way you're ever going
               | to get anywhere close to the level of a native speaker is
               | by actually conversing with native speakers. I'm still
               | just starting out with Duolingo, but my plan is to finish
               | the course I'm in (or at least get a decent way into it),
               | then switch to Tandem or some other service that lets you
               | trade lessons with native speakers of another language.
        
               | corpdronejuly wrote:
               | That may have to do with Duolingo optimizing for paying
               | and returning customers instead of for fluency.
               | 
               | Their app has to be "fun" or in flow rather than in that
               | difficult challenging place to actually help you grow.
               | 
               | In learning both German and Old Norse the most helpful
               | thing for me was to translate texts, read them aloud to a
               | fluent speaker and get feedback. Which is hard to scale.
        
               | stumpbeard wrote:
               | Do you have any more detail to your approach? Do you use
               | graded readers, or do you find that a dictionary and
               | basic grasp on grammar is enough to struggle through
               | pretty much anything?
               | 
               | ... Do Old Norse graded readers exist?
        
         | bildung wrote:
         | This is a core problem in education, BTW: people, regardless of
         | age, are essentially unable to properly evaluate whether they
         | actually learned something from e.g. a course they just
         | completed, and what helped with these learning effects. Those
         | after-course feedbacks mostly just reflect whether they liked
         | the presenter and/or the group. This of course has problematic
         | consequences if that after-course feedback is used as
         | evaluation of the course itself, because it can penalize
         | courses where people would actually learn - because learning
         | sometimes simply isn't fun.
        
           | lordnacho wrote:
           | It takes a huge level of maturity to know when you understand
           | something. You have to take yourself away from how pleasant
           | the interaction was, and ask yourself questions that are on
           | the limit of what you think you can answer. That whole not-
           | too-easy-or-hard balance is really difficult to nail down,
           | especially if you have a grade depending on it. It's also
           | hard when you have nothing but your own satisfaction
           | depending on it, eg after you've graduated and are just
           | reading for interest.
           | 
           | The entertainment aspect is hard to get away from. It's like
           | when you watch a good documentary, you're in awe of whatever
           | field it's about. But have you really learned much? Hard to
           | say.
        
           | underdeserver wrote:
           | In most cases you'd care about, it's easy: ask them to apply
           | it.
        
           | parenthesis wrote:
           | Kind of a super power of mine is that I am very good at
           | knowing whether or not I actually know or understand
           | something.
           | 
           | This made university pretty stressful: it was always on my
           | mind how little I had yet retained and understood from my
           | current courses; i'd only be happy when grinding material
           | through my brain on my own (i.e. actually learning).
        
             | hansbo wrote:
             | I'd like to think I am good at it as well, but I doubt it.
             | The number of times I've felt I've understood something,
             | but then realized I could not answer follow-up questions or
             | explain it properly to a third party, is uncountable.
        
             | Enginerrrd wrote:
             | I have the same thing! I've always found it deeply
             | perplexing to see people that don't understand something
             | but think that they do. Particularly, because when you
             | actually understand something, it's so obvious.
             | 
             | When I'm learning something, I have kind of a map in my
             | head. I can just accurately keep track of the parts that
             | are still fuzzy. In any subject, unknown unknowns are what
             | will really trip you up. I think a big part of it is that I
             | can use tiny context clues to predict and calibrate my
             | understanding. Often, just knowing the NAME of a concept is
             | enough for me to figure out what it's going to look like.
             | (I did that with feynman path integrals for example.) SO I
             | absorb those context clues and use them to try to keep some
             | idea of what I DON'T know yet in that map.
             | 
             | In fact, I think it's closely tied with prediction in
             | general. I remember in math, I'd take what we knew, or had
             | been learning, and just take it to the absolute limits of
             | my knowledge, or find it's absolutely limits until the idea
             | breaks. I did that constantly. In doing so, I could often
             | predict the next section of study. I think that habit gives
             | you lots of practice in self-assessment of what you really
             | know.
             | 
             | Conversely... when it comes to complicated subjects of
             | complex systems like history/economics/geopolitics, where
             | there is relatively poor feedback on "correctness" of
             | ideas, I feel like ALL of my opinions are completely
             | unfounded bullshit. People still seem to value them, but
             | they have such a tenuous grip on reality.
        
         | fouric wrote:
         | > A nice experiment showing that if you enjoy a lesson, it
         | usually means you make no progress, meanwhile hard practice
         | actually does make you progress
         | 
         | There was a post a few weeks ago whose comments had discussion
         | about whether video learning was useful or worked better for
         | some people than textual learning. I saw a lot of people
         | claiming that they enjoyed videos more and learned more from
         | them...but, as the linked study shows, enjoyment doesn't imply
         | learning effectiveness (if anything, there's a negative
         | correlation).
        
       | Waterluvian wrote:
       | I think every serialized media is presented at a set speed, but
       | that speed is rarely a carefully determined value. It's just an
       | artifact of the creator's speaking or editing characteristics.
       | 
       | Which leads me to personally conclude: there is probably no
       | single correct speed and the author likely hasn't picked an ideal
       | speed either.
       | 
       | Speed up or slow down based on your personal needs.
        
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