[HN Gopher] Catching Lightning in a Bottle
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       Catching Lightning in a Bottle
        
       Author : geox
       Score  : 39 points
       Date   : 2021-12-19 17:27 UTC (5 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (arpa-e.energy.gov)
 (TXT) w3m dump (arpa-e.energy.gov)
        
       | stevespang wrote:
       | Their process appears to require injection into irrigation water,
       | now how many crops are being irrigated this way ? Huge farms of
       | corn, wheat, milo, maize, sorghum, none of them use trickle or
       | drip irrigation, a bit more may use flood irrigation - - - but
       | the vast majority rely on simple rainfall ... This process more
       | suited for high value horticultural crops, or in Israel where
       | drip is intensive and common for most all their crops.
        
       | darquomiahw wrote:
       | This type of process has already been developed industrially:
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birkeland%E2%80%93Eyde_process
       | 
       | The trouble is that it is inefficient and will ultimately release
       | some NOx compounds into the atmosphere since the conversion rate
       | is not 100% to HNO3. I'm surprised there is not a single mention
       | of this process in their paper.
        
         | elcritch wrote:
         | The process you mention is for a "hot plasma" formed by
         | electric sparks. Presumably this companies technology uses
         | "cold plasma" aka non-thermal plasma which is significantly
         | more efficient and more selective toward HNO3. Heres a good
         | review paper:
         | https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s42768-021-00074-z
         | 
         | Here's another interesting one:
         | https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acssuschemeng.9b04997
         | 
         | There is still some NOx production, but likely low enough
         | enough concentrations to be filtered.
        
         | 01100011 wrote:
         | I'm sure there are some optimizations that can be done on the
         | process but yeah, it isn't new. I don't think the NOx issue is
         | significant because you can sequester them, but it does add to
         | the expense and lower the efficiency(unless you have a source
         | of animal urine and can use the urea maybe?).
         | 
         | Is the efficiency difference between it and the Haber-Bosch
         | process small enough to be made up by the lack of
         | transportation?
         | 
         | I wonder if the nitric acid is a benefit in places with
         | alkaline soil and water chemistries?
        
       | aaron695 wrote:
       | The idea farmers/local communities can just install a Haber-Bosch
       | process onsite using 'solar' is fucking mentally ill.
       | 
       | So this magic allows it to be done locally. Wow, that would be
       | amazing, society changing.
       | 
       | Also emits no CO2, then that's a fucking mentally ill wank to
       | further con the envro cultists as part of the rapture around CO2.
       | 
       | The only way this would be plausible would be by putting it
       | straight into the water on site you might skip significant steps
       | needed normally for nation wide transportation or something
       | something. If this was true then this would also exist using
       | normal power from the grid.
       | 
       | Solar panels add nothing, a sure sigh of fake news. This 'magic'
       | might be implemented later around solar panels for fields or
       | locations where the grid did not exist.
       | 
       | How would the amortization costs of the solar panels work? How do
       | you ramp up and ramp down, the nitrogen must be timed.
       | 
       | > When you see a lightning storm pass through an area the next
       | day you'll notice that the plants will be really green and that's
       | because lightning breaks down the nitrogen in the air and rain
       | water brings it to the soil as nitrate this is natural fertilizer
       | 
       | This shit people believe is mind blowing. Left field thought
       | maybe it's the rain that made it greener. Lightning is a small
       | amount of nitrogen, and again the nitrogen should be timed.
        
       | _Microft wrote:
       | Great to see that making ammonia production more environmentally
       | friendly is actively being worked on from different angles. There
       | was another process announced recently that produced ammonia from
       | supplied nitrogen (which would still be separated from air as I
       | understood) in an electrolysis cell. These are links for this
       | other approach:
       | 
       | Paper: https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abg2371
       | 
       | Article on the paper: https://newatlas.com/energy/green-ammonia-
       | phosphonium-produc...
       | 
       | Submission here: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=29427914
        
         | stevespang wrote:
         | . . . .and that process requires nitrogen pressurized up to
         | ~280 psi
        
       | jakozaur wrote:
       | Original link is just PR. I prefer the company paper:
       | https://www.nitricity.co/_files/ugd/142f34_bc5fa8b90ac647dab...
       | 
       | "For the past century, nitrogen fertilizer has been produced as
       | ammonia (NH3) in Haber-Bosch facilities often situated very far
       | from farmers who need and use fertilizer. State-of-the-art Haber-
       | Bosch factories require hydrogen production via coal or methane
       | reforming and use high-pressure and temperature reactors to
       | transform hydrogen and nitrogen gas into ammonia. "
       | 
       | "The distributed production and fertilization with nitric acid is
       | relatively underexplored. Known nitric acid production methods
       | require about 3 times more energy per pound of nitrogen than
       | ammonia processes."
       | 
       | "In the current study, we focus on a plasma-based production
       | process that fixes nitrogen as nitric acid on-site for a plot of
       | irrigated processing tomatoes."
        
         | philipkglass wrote:
         | This work is interesting in that it may decentralize nitrogen
         | fixation. Traditional Haber-Bosch plants can also decarbonize
         | ammonia production if they use electrolytic hydrogen produced
         | with clean electricity. Some 20th century Haber-Bosch plants
         | operated that way with electrolytic hydrogen made via
         | hydroelectric power.
        
       | _Microft wrote:
       | The company's website is here [0] but I could not find any
       | detailed information on their process there. A search term that
       | seems to be more useful for that, even though it does not give
       | details on _their_ process exactly, seems to be _" ammonia
       | fixation non-equilibrium plasma"_
       | 
       | [0] https://www.nitricity.co/
       | 
       | Edit: an article on the Stanford website:
       | 
       | https://suncat.stanford.edu/news/boots-ground-stanford-team-...
       | 
       | Edit2: removed name and information about research of someone who
       | seems to be involved with the company because they were not
       | mentioned by name on the company website and might appreciate
       | their privacy.
        
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       (page generated 2021-12-19 23:00 UTC)