[HN Gopher] Decap of a tiny chip that plays Christmas songs
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       Decap of a tiny chip that plays Christmas songs
        
       Author : Eduard
       Score  : 116 points
       Date   : 2021-12-19 10:15 UTC (12 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (twitter.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (twitter.com)
        
       | siraben wrote:
       | What resources are there for learning about how to read die
       | shots? I'm surprised that one is able to glean so much
       | information from it.
        
         | kens wrote:
         | I focus on 1970s and 1980s chips, which are simple enough to
         | understand. For that generation, Mead and Conway's Introduction
         | to VLSI Systems is a good place to start.
         | https://ai.eecs.umich.edu/people/conway/VLSI/VLSIText/PP-V2/...
         | Old books on chip design are also useful, and can usually be
         | obtained for cheap. Also see The Layman's Guide to IC Reverse
         | Engineering: http://siliconzoo.org/tutorial.html
        
         | baybal2 wrote:
         | I'm afraid, none.
         | 
         | It takes one to make chip, to read one later
        
           | xattt wrote:
           | What are some top schools for getting into chip
           | manufacturing? Is this the right way at looking about getting
           | into the field?
        
             | baybal2 wrote:
             | I'm afraid none in the West. Speaking, and writing
             | Taiwanese Chinese is something really needed to get onto
             | the cutting edge of device fabrication.
             | 
             | An average US college will tell you about VLSI, logic,
             | teach you Cadence, and designing something on the level of
             | 8051, and process engineering enough to work on something
             | from 350-180nm era with aluminium interconnect.
             | 
             | The problem is this is hardly enough to make you
             | employable. And without employment in few serious semi
             | companies left standing today, you will never see modern
             | chip manufacturing.
             | 
             | Semi industry has really high entry barriers, and it has
             | really poor remuneration. The industry largely coasting on
             | greying cadres from eighties-nineties in the West, and very
             | cheap PhDs in Asia.
        
               | hulitu wrote:
               | > I'm afraid none in the West. Speaking, and writing
               | Taiwanese Chinese is something really needed to get onto
               | the cutting edge of device fabrication.
               | 
               | You should take a look at http://opencircuitdesign.com/
               | You don't need "to get onto the cutting edge of device
               | fabrication". You need to search for a VLSI design class.
        
               | baybal2 wrote:
               | A VLSI class, even from an average university will
               | contribute very little to your employability. As I said,
               | Big Semi barely if ever employs entry level
               | professionals. And besides Big Semi, there is really very
               | few companies left.
               | 
               | Even startups <$1m are full of seasoned professionals
               | coming from abroad, seeking PhDs in US universities. I
               | think it's more characteristic for semiconductor startups
               | to hire much more senior engineers than the industry
               | average to convince their investors, not the other way
               | around.
        
               | kken wrote:
               | Nah, sorry that is just not true.
               | 
               | Try this one for the US:
               | https://sunypoly.edu/research/albany-nanotech-
               | complex.html
               | 
               | Or this one for Europe: https://www.imec-int.com/en
               | 
               | Both world-leading semiconductor technology research
               | institutes (coincidentally both got the first EUV-tools)
               | with plenty of students.
        
               | baybal2 wrote:
               | I know IMEC as I was thinking going there at some point.
               | 
               | Both IMEC, and SUNY are heavily graduate research
               | oriented. There are some undergrad opportunities there,
               | but one's chances to get there are probably less than
               | getting into MIT.
               | 
               | The "death valley" in between graduation, first
               | employment, and a first real substantial job in semi
               | industry is super-duper real, and acute problem. It's a
               | problem in Asia, and 10x of than in US.
        
               | trevyn wrote:
               | I mean, what do you mean by "chip manufacturing"? I'm
               | sure there are plenty of people _designing_ chips at
               | Intel /AMD/Nvidia/Apple/etc. that are good at reading die
               | shots, so the real question might be, what career path
               | will get you to work closely with these people and learn
               | from them.
               | 
               | Unless you actually mean working at a fab? Which strikes
               | me as more process engineering than typical HN interests.
        
               | baybal2 wrote:
               | An average semi engineering course in US/Canada will
               | teach you a bit of everything, including physical device
               | manufacturing.
               | 
               | India is much more VLSI, and applied skills heavy
               | (Cadence,) thus they dominate there.
               | 
               | None of US multinationals will hire a fresh "average" US
               | semi engineering graduate. Maybe MIT + 1 more top
               | schools, but otherwise fresh grads have no chances on the
               | job market against already experienced people coming from
               | Asia to do their PhDs in US.
        
               | trevyn wrote:
               | Right! My point is that they _will_ hire fresh software
               | engineers /other disciplines, and then with some
               | networking and being on an adjacent team, you get access
               | to informal learning opportunities and internal transfer
               | opportunities, so that over the longer arc of your career
               | you can get into whatever field you want.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | tyingq wrote:
         | The author of the tweet (Ken Shirriff) is particularly good at
         | explaining things. A couple of his posts showing that:
         | 
         | http://www.righto.com/2018/06/silicon-die-analysis-op-amp-wi...
         | 
         | http://www.righto.com/2016/02/555-timer-teardown-inside-worl...
        
       | foobarian wrote:
       | > I dissolved the transistor-like package in boiling sulfuric
       | acid
       | 
       | Well, well. Here's something cool to add to my list of home lab
       | tools!
        
       | jpm48 wrote:
       | Years ago we took one of the happy birthday tune cards and
       | connected it to the floppy drive hinge on a PC, the developer was
       | convinced we had installed a TSR program to play it every time he
       | inserted a floppy, not realising it was a hardware hack. Weeks of
       | fun until he found out.
        
       | Eduard wrote:
       | As an 80s kid, these melody cards were among the first things
       | that piqued my interest for what later lead me to studying
       | electrical engineering / computer architecture and now doing web
       | development.
       | 
       | Funny how small experiences can shape a primary school kid's
       | path. Similar experiences include those mini play-with-your-
       | pinkie pianos, putting a 9V battery on the tongue, and the
       | effects of putting a paperclip into an AC power socket.
        
         | vidarh wrote:
         | > putting a 9V battery on the tongue, and the effects of
         | putting a paperclip into an AC power socket.
         | 
         | Removing insulation from a live phone wire with my teeth (I had
         | decided to put an extension in my room without asking for
         | help...) was one of mine, that definitely made me more careful.
         | Went just fine until I closed the circuit with my tongue by
         | accident just as someone called. Not pleasant.
        
           | stavros wrote:
           | > Removing insulation from a live phone wire with my teeth (I
           | had decided to put an extension in my room without asking for
           | help...) was one of mine, that definitely made me more
           | careful. Went just fine until I closed the circuit with my
           | tongue by accident
           | 
           | I read this and thought "so what?".
           | 
           | > just as someone called.
           | 
           | Ahh there it is. Yep, that is indeed not pleasant.
        
             | vidarh wrote:
             | Yeah, I'd done it once or twice before, and it went well
             | since nobody called, and so I did not for a moment think
             | about the difference. It helped strongly reinforce to make
             | sure stuff is disconnected, not just "not harmful right
             | this instance", before touching it.
        
               | stavros wrote:
               | I had basically the same experience. I had messed with
               | phone wires a lot, and they were always harmless, until
               | someone called one day. I messed with them more carefully
               | from then on :P
        
               | 13of40 wrote:
               | The 90v(?) AC that comes through the phone line to make
               | it ring was intended to be powerful enough to ring a
               | physical bell. Back before the exchange was automated,
               | home telephones had a hand-cranked generator to produce
               | that signal. According to my dad, kids used to take those
               | out of old phones and use them for all kinds of
               | shenanigans. (Like shocking their friends, siblings, and
               | the dog, I'm guessing.)
        
           | gww wrote:
           | I am so glad I am not the only one who did this. I was
           | messing around with the phone wires because my sister was
           | hogging the phone and I had important business on a MUD. I
           | found if I put a large resistor across two of the wires (I
           | can't remember which now) the call quality would degrade
           | enough that she would stop and I could get back on the
           | internet.
        
         | jaclaz wrote:
         | >and the effects of putting a paperclip into an AC power
         | socket.
         | 
         | I believe that (in earlier years when electric protections were
         | non existant or just a huge fuse) is one of the origins of
         | survivorship bias ...
        
           | dylan604 wrote:
           | I remember the first attic of a house of a certain age to
           | learn that it used to be a thing to not have insulated
           | wiring. Instead, the wiring used a series of insulators as
           | standoffs/guides, but bare exposed copper carrying live
           | current. I was flabbergasted that more homes didn't burn to
           | the ground.
        
             | jaclaz wrote:
             | Yep, and at least here (Italy) up the '60's or maybe even
             | '70's many older houses were "retrofitted" with what was
             | called "piattina", which you can see here attached to a
             | switch and to a socket:
             | 
             | http://www.museolaluce.com/wp-
             | content/uploads/2009/03/vimar4...
             | 
             | it was two wires (no earth/ground) and was fixed using tiny
             | nails that were driven in the plastic slip between the two
             | wires, the "luxury" version were these (on the right):
             | 
             | http://www.museolaluce.com/wp-
             | content/uploads/2009/03/btic.j...
             | 
             | but the most common ones had not a real insulator, they
             | were simply steel nails dipped in some rubbery paint.
             | 
             | In theory the nail should have never come in contact with
             | any of the two wires, but expecially where there was some
             | corner preventing the nail to be hammered perfectly
             | straight or because of sloppy installation, after a few
             | years (with the rubber/insulation becoming stiff and
             | microcracking) it happened.
        
             | drfuchs wrote:
             | Look up "Knob And Tube Wiring" on Wikipedia for details
             | (which claim that the wires should have been insulated, but
             | I believe I've seen the same as you report, in a California
             | house built in the 1950s).
        
         | robin_reala wrote:
         | Without wanting to be _that_ guy, I'm really glad I grew up in
         | a country with shuttered power sockets.
        
       | dbcurtis wrote:
       | Interesting. There is a chip that was once one of my friend's
       | favorites for his consulting work... it was essentially a 6502
       | with huge mask-programmable ROM and a tiny (like 128 byte) RAM --
       | it was designed for greeting cards, where if you bought 100K+
       | quantities of passivated, unencapsulated die, they cost between 1
       | and 2 cents.
        
       | Maursault wrote:
       | I was expecting Doom. :/
        
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       (page generated 2021-12-19 23:02 UTC)