[HN Gopher] Fashion, art cycles are driven by counter-dominance ...
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       Fashion, art cycles are driven by counter-dominance signals of
       elite competition
        
       Author : hncurious
       Score  : 113 points
       Date   : 2021-12-17 17:34 UTC (5 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (royalsocietypublishing.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (royalsocietypublishing.org)
        
       | d883kd8 wrote:
       | Ugh they got j and k mixed up on page 3
        
       | aszantu wrote:
       | as an artist I just always think: okay I like this style, and I
       | want something like it, but I absolutely don't want to copy, so I
       | change it so it can't be recognized as "theft" later.
        
         | analog31 wrote:
         | I wonder if another factor is that the artists themselves
         | eventually get bored with their own stuff. I've read that this
         | is a factor in the evolution of musical styles.
        
       | j-bos wrote:
       | At the risk of touching a nerve, this concept reminds me of the
       | crypto/nft hostility.
        
       | eightysixfour wrote:
       | I've been reading Graeber's final book, "The Dawn of Everything,"
       | and in it he makes/repeats the observation that many cultures in
       | contact with each other end up defining themselves as "not-the-
       | other-culture," which he called (and I think others call)
       | cultural schismogenesis.
       | 
       | I think you can genericize it a bit and say humans are bad at
       | defining themselves and need a reference point, and they often
       | take the opposite stance of that reference point. I think this
       | model fits in with that pretty well - there are groups who want
       | to be "not-the-elite" which, if successful, the elite adopt.
       | Classic "hipsterism."
       | 
       | It also fits in with a lot of local, national, and global
       | politics, market differentiation, etc.
        
         | turdnagel wrote:
         | See also Dr. Seuss' seminal "The Sneetches".
        
         | crucialfelix wrote:
         | As a former hipster (and music subculture producer) I can
         | attest that what drove us is not the desire to differentiate,
         | but that the mainstream elite were lifeless bullshit and we
         | wanted to express something new that only we could sense. We
         | were being us, not "not them".
         | 
         | Decades later, it's what the mainstream now sounds like. It
         | always percolates up.
        
           | eightysixfour wrote:
           | I won't suggest that you did not FEEL that way when you were
           | doing it, but what you just wrote sounds exactly what I said
           | in socially-coded language.
           | 
           | > I can attest that what drove us is not the desire to
           | differentiate, but that the mainstream elite were lifeless
           | bullshit
           | 
           | Here you state that the mainstream elite was "lifeless
           | bullshit."
           | 
           | > we wanted to express something new
           | 
           | And you wanted to express NOT lifeless bullshit.
           | 
           | > that only we could sense. We were being us
           | 
           | This is what the mainstream elite couldn't see or make. It
           | was NOT mainstream elite thought.
           | 
           | > it's what the mainstream now sounds like
           | 
           | The mainstream adopted it, and now there's a new generation
           | of people who think that sound is mainstream lifeless
           | bullshit and will create something that is NOT mainstream
           | lifeless bullshit. This is not part of the Graeber thesis,
           | but aligns well with the original post.
           | 
           | I also want to be clear that I don't think this is supposed
           | to be a conscious process - there are times when people are
           | intentionally contrarian but there are also people and groups
           | who are unconsciously contrarian simply by saying "I don't
           | like this thing."
        
             | oblak wrote:
             | Exactly. OP is the poster child for lack of self awareness
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | anm89 wrote:
         | very interesting point. It seems to be a useful model for
         | thinking about this stuff.
         | 
         | I still think Bullshit Jobs was a terrible read but maybe I
         | need to give some of his other stuff a shot.
        
           | eightysixfour wrote:
           | Debt: The First 5000 Years and The Dawn of Everything are
           | both better than Bullshit Jobs IMO. I'd start with "The Dawn
           | of Everything." While I think Graeber makes the same "jump to
           | conclusions based on your worldview" mistakes he criticizes
           | others for, he present new (to me) evidence about the history
           | of human organizations that I have found to be very
           | interesting and, at least, opened me up to some new avenues
           | of thought politically.
        
             | crawfordcomeaux wrote:
             | What are some of these political changes?
        
               | eightysixfour wrote:
               | Again, not finished with the book, but the central thesis
               | of the book that large scaled human endeavors (and
               | society as a whole following the agricultural revolution)
               | does not require hierarchical organization. I do not
               | believe I have made it to the meat of that thesis yet
               | but, up to this point, I have not been convinced by his
               | evidence that there were long-lasting, large-scale human
               | organizations (think city scale and higher) that operated
               | without some hierarchy.
               | 
               | That said, there are some things that stand out that I am
               | spending a lot of time contemplating as a result of the
               | book so far:
               | 
               | * I now agree with him that there were likely societies
               | operating at a reasonable level of scale (larger than the
               | Band/Tribe stereotype) that were significantly more
               | egalitarian than current societies or any others in the
               | Greco-Roman/Western civilization lineage.
               | 
               | * There was likely significantly more experimentation
               | around social structures in early human history than I
               | had thought of or imagined.
               | 
               | * There were societies which operated with different
               | types of governance based on the time of year and
               | activities associated with that time of year. This is
               | interesting to me since I believe there is no "best"
               | political system, but I had not considered how to take
               | advantage of multiple types without trying to recombine
               | them in some way. I particularly want to think about this
               | more in the context of corporate organizations, since
               | they already do this in some ways without being as
               | explicit about it. For example, I have worked with an
               | organization that operated like a collective of empowered
               | product teams for large portions of the year but operated
               | more like a standard hierarchy during annual planning
               | season or when there was inter-organizational conflict.
               | At the time I perceived it as a faux front for a top-down
               | organization, but now I'm not sure that's fair.
               | 
               | * This one is probably more philosophically obvious, but,
               | there is an opportunity for me, personally, to rethink
               | the version of "freedom" I value. In doing so I think I
               | will reconcile some conflicts I have between my social
               | and economic views. The book didn't give me a new
               | definition for freedom that I want to use, but it
               | presented at least one alternative definition that I
               | think is valid and interesting.
        
           | BoysenberryPi wrote:
           | Out of curiosity, what did you not like about Bullshit Jobs?
        
             | anm89 wrote:
             | The whole premise is broken to me so the more he tries to
             | dig in it just feels like deeper and deeper bs to me.
             | 
             | Jobs don't exist for the employee, wages exist for the
             | employee. Jobs exist because the employer feels that the
             | wage is a good trade for the person's time. The employee's
             | perception of their contribution has essentially 0
             | importance in this interaction. A better definition of a
             | bullshit job from the employee's perspective is one where
             | the wage isn't worth it for the bullshit they have to put
             | up with. In that case they should find a new one. If they
             | can't, than putting up with that specific bullshit is still
             | their best choice. If they keep showing up to work and
             | taking that trade, apparently they don't think it's
             | bullshit. And if the employer keeps thinking that the money
             | is a good trade for their time, they apparently also don't
             | think it's bullshit, otherwise they'd fire them.
             | 
             | So if two people freely engage in the same trade of time
             | for money everyday for years on end, then simply calling it
             | bullshit isn't that profound. It starts to sound a lot like
             | some way to intellectualize whining about not liking your
             | job.
             | 
             | So yeah, no amount of writing is going to save a totally
             | broken premise.
        
               | yodelshady wrote:
               | I'm a little surprised at that reading, but fair enough.
               | 
               | I admit I only skimmed it, but I thought the point was
               | "the employer" is not a homogeneous entity. "The
               | employer" therefore doesn't make the wage decision.
               | Managers with some extreme perverse incentives do.
               | 
               | What's bullshit is the idea that as soon as an enterprise
               | does something inefficient, boom, they'll be outcompeted.
               | They might, _eventually_ , if no market failures or
               | regulatory capture exists. So in reality, large and even
               | small/medium organization with a successful pattern can
               | tolerate a lot of bullshit.
        
               | PaulDavisThe1st wrote:
               | > Jobs don't exist for the employee, wages exist for the
               | employee.
               | 
               | This is a handwaving assertion. It happens to be strongly
               | correlated with the way our society(ies) allocates labor,
               | but is not something inherent to the labor/wage
               | relationship. It's not hard to imagine a world in which
               | people do things because those things matter to them, or
               | are interesting to them, or both.
               | 
               | Graeber didn't call them "Bullshit Jobs" because the jobs
               | required dealing with bullshit, he called them "Bullshift
               | Jobs" because the actual stated purpose of the job was at
               | best deeply suspect and at worst, well, bullshit.
               | 
               | There is a better fundamental critique of "Bullshit Jobs"
               | which is a little more sophisticated, I think. That
               | critique says that the reason people get confused about
               | the meaning and importance of their job is that our
               | economic system has grown too complex for them to really
               | understand the role they play. The division of labor has
               | reached such extreme levels that it is very difficult for
               | many individuals to grasp how their "apparently
               | meaningless aka bullshit" jobs could be contributing
               | anything at all to the world. But their inability to
               | understand or visualize this does not mean that their
               | work is, in fact, meaningless or without value.
        
               | biomcgary wrote:
               | Unfortunately, in some cases, the "value" is things like:
               | keeping headcount up, not dealing with a problem
               | employee.
        
             | martythemaniak wrote:
             | I thought "Debt" was absolutely fantastic and "Bullshit
             | Jobs" was err.. complete bullshit. To best honest, the very
             | premise of that view - that the only thing that matters is
             | people's own opinions of their job - is one of the dumbest
             | things I've ever read and it's probably downright harmful
             | to people that adopt it.
             | 
             | There are essential jobs that need doing regardless of the
             | opinions of the workers who perform them. In fact, if
             | people focused on the value their so-called "bullshit" jobs
             | provide other people, rather than on their own assessment
             | of how meaningful their job is, they would likely end up
             | much happier.
             | 
             | It's an incredibly condescending and self-centered way to
             | look at the world.
        
               | [deleted]
        
         | throwaway894345 wrote:
         | > I think you can genericize it a bit and say humans are bad at
         | defining themselves and need a reference point
         | 
         | I don't think the error is in defining ourselves by what sets
         | us apart--it's fine and good to acknowledge our differences. I
         | think the bad thing is leaning into those differences due to an
         | aversion to the outgroup, which is the very essence of
         | tribalism (or nearly so).
        
           | eightysixfour wrote:
           | Apologies, I was too soft at that point when I wrote it. He
           | does not suggest we merely acknowledge our differences, he
           | suggests we literally define ourselves as opposites of
           | others.
           | 
           | He also does not assign a property of good or bad to this
           | observation, just that we do it.
        
         | belugacat wrote:
         | Oh wow, super fascinating reference, thank you for posting it!
         | I'll have to check it out, I've been prototyping game concepts
         | with many thousands of agents who all do interesting things for
         | the player to investigate (the key here is that they don't have
         | to be particularly complex or meaningful, they just have to
         | overlap in enough thought provoking ways to keep the player
         | engaged), and I've had a similar insight ("make agents identify
         | a position and adopt the opposite stance") that seems to yield
         | interesting early results.
         | 
         | (sorry, nothing concrete to share and likely won't for a long
         | time)
        
           | crawfordcomeaux wrote:
           | I feel excitement over reading this. Would you be open to
           | trying out some ideas to experiment with? I've been wondering
           | if a framework for amplifying/accelerating evolution in
           | bacterial cultures that's based in graph theory holds for
           | culture in general. Also, trying to identify a sustainable
           | model for a gift economy that can outperform debt economies.
        
             | eightysixfour wrote:
             | If you're looking for a playground for this kind of thing
             | (and can code), check out https://hash.ai/
        
           | sdwr wrote:
           | Sounds interesting! I see games in a similar way, as
           | collections of simple mechanics that overlap/intersect/stack.
           | 
           | I think one of the keys to a complementary bundle of
           | mechanics is that they're distinct. Acting on different time
           | scales, different reward structures that tug the brain
           | around, creating choices that feel meaningful and don't ever
           | repeat exactly.
        
       | shadowgovt wrote:
       | As the old line goes, "Revolution is never justified... Unless
       | you win."
        
       | waingake wrote:
       | This is Hegel's Thesis-Antithesis-Synthesis. Not a new idea!
       | https://link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007%2F978-1...
        
       | adamgordonbell wrote:
       | Slate star codex has a very fun and nerdy explanation of fashion
       | cycles.                   Let's explain fashion using cellular
       | automata. This isn't going to be cringe-inducingly nerdy at all!
       | 
       | https://slatestarcodex.com/2014/04/22/right-is-the-new-left/
        
         | ineptech wrote:
         | I also thought of this; this explanation is like a more
         | complicated and nuanced, but probably less empirically
         | testable, version of the "CDS" mechanism proposed by the
         | study's authors. I scrolled to the bottom half-expecting to see
         | Scott get an acknowledgement.
        
       | optimalsolver wrote:
       | Worth a read:
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circulation_of_elite
        
         | beebeepka wrote:
         | > Changes of regime, revolutions, and so on occur not when
         | rulers are overthrown from below, but when one elite replaces
         | another. The role of ordinary people in such transformation is
         | not that of initiators or principal actors, but as followers
         | and supporters of one elite or another.
         | 
         | Easy to say duh to this in 2021 thanks to education, internet,
         | and everything. Must've been a breakthrough a few hundred years
         | ago. For various reasons
        
           | wyager wrote:
           | A lot of people still have trouble with the fact that
           | successful popular protest movements are usually just part of
           | the legitimating process for some political shift which has
           | already occurred, and not a significant causal factor in that
           | shift occurring.
        
           | shadowgovt wrote:
           | It's an interesting idea but I'm seeing whispers of No True
           | Scotsman fallacy.
           | 
           | It's true, of course, that the end result will be a subset of
           | the people leading and most not (which is an outgrowth of
           | basic specialization theory: if everyone's in charge of
           | coordination and leadership, nobody has time to do the work
           | that needs coordination and leadership). But was the new
           | elite always apart from the followers and supporters, or are
           | the rulers overthrown and during that process some subset of
           | the overthrowers become a new elite due to the needs of
           | specialization? Or, to say it another way: would the "new
           | elite" have ever been an elite if they hadn't won?
           | 
           | George Washington was never commissioned in the British army.
           | Fidel Castro was the bastard son of an immigrant. Had their
           | revolutions not succeeded, would history remember them as
           | elite?
        
         | v_london wrote:
         | This concept is important to the way I think about crypto. It
         | feels like a war between two elites (TradFi vs Crypto insiders
         | and VCs), if crypto wins it it will not "democratize finance"
         | when 90% of all Bitcoins have been mined in the first decade of
         | the project's lifespan.
         | 
         | (This is not an attack against crypto in general, there are
         | ways to design a cryptocurrency so it's equal to all
         | participants regardless of the time they buy in, it's just that
         | they fail to gain adoption because of a lack of VC funding and
         | support from the crypto community, as neither can make a quick
         | buck out of it)
        
         | zbendefy wrote:
         | This is also nicely illustrated in CGP Grey's rules for rulers:
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rStL7niR7gs
        
       | crawfordcomeaux wrote:
       | This tracks with how I'm changing the art I embody/make. A
       | driving intention I carry is to bring about a future where all
       | people have the 0-payment option of living in a community where
       | everyone's committed to meeting all needs while denying none,
       | practicing a culture that's learned from and let go of cultural
       | components of debt, capitalism, imperialism, colonialism,
       | preferentialism (a culture of catering to preferences),
       | democracy, domination, violence, punishment/reward, racism,
       | sexism, rape, adultism, ageism, and maybe all the other isms.
       | 
       | Any government, including human beings who identify as nations,
       | can signal they've shifted to practicing such a culture by
       | adopting the following symbol and integrating it into their
       | symbology:
       | 
       | [?]
       | 
       | This is the mathematic notation for the phrase "for all." A
       | government that's operating on a model to meet all needs while
       | denying none can signal this by including this symbol in their
       | art, like flags, seals, etc.
        
         | canadaduane wrote:
         | There is a bumper sticker that spells out "Coexist" with
         | symbols from each of the major religions [1] and I liked it at
         | first, because I identified strongly with the idea. But the
         | more I thought about it, the more I realized that there are
         | people who see that symbol, and they don't see themselves in it
         | --they don't see the Cross for example, and think, "Oh, a
         | Christian like me!". Rather they see "Hippie-everything-and-
         | nothing-ism," and other it immediately. I think there is a deep
         | resistance to "foreign inclusion" in our human psyche. Trust
         | goes slow.
         | 
         | [1] https://www.theodysseyonline.com/why-hate-coexist-bumper-
         | sti...
        
           | crawfordcomeaux wrote:
           | I think this is due to cultures normalizing trauma denial, as
           | opposed to trauma healing. In the US, most mental health
           | options cost money. Locking away healing behind money will
           | always make thriving harder.
           | 
           | We need systems that are fun, healing, and don't caretake for
           | trust trauma.
        
         | v_london wrote:
         | Hey crawfordcomeaux, I noticed you've shared some interesting
         | ideas about communities in Hacker News! I wonder if you have an
         | opinion on whether remote working will change where and how
         | people choose to live?
         | 
         | Cities still have a lot going for them by providing the best
         | access to services (especially after covid is over), but one
         | thing I see happening in the future is the establishment of
         | "remote working villages" in smaller towns. Price and quality
         | of housing will be the main selling point, but they'd also have
         | access to nature and a good sense of community (in fact the
         | projects could be self-organised and funded by the residents if
         | you find the right people).
        
         | germinalphrase wrote:
         | There's a lot of "not this" in your statement, but can you
         | provide an example of your work that helps me understand what
         | "this" remains?
        
           | crawfordcomeaux wrote:
           | "Meet all needs while denying none" to me means we need to
           | first identify all of our needs (not wants, strategies, or
           | rights, except to use them as signs pointing to underlying
           | needs). I suspect applied category theory and constructor
           | theory are two recent developments that could be useful for
           | proving the needs of the human system.
           | 
           | "This" could be considered a culture of freely giving to meet
           | people's needs, including the needs of the environments they
           | live in.
           | 
           | Satisfying All Needs Through A narchogiving (SANTA)
           | 
           | I want a network of SANTA communities, offline and online,
           | dedicated to meeting people's needs. The SANTANet.
           | 
           | Another example: I'm helping my hair to mat into [?].
           | 
           | I've legally changed my name to Peacefully Revoking Consent
           | To Be Governed For You And For All. My signature is "<peace
           | sign> [?]" I'm also running for president on a platform of
           | founding a new government to replace this one. The logo will
           | include [?]
           | 
           | I'm nurturing a 3yo by empowering them to do whatever they
           | want that won't kill them. This requires facing down and
           | releasing old traumatic conditioning. I'm not perfect and
           | need more people in my life to help them revolt against me
           | when I slip into choosing from trauma mode. So a community
           | where it's normal to run around naked in cold weather,
           | regardless of age, is something I'm working toward.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | beebeepka wrote:
       | This was a surprisingly good read, even if a bit long.
       | 
       | Their observations align with my own - it's all about standing
       | out. Me different because me better. Or vice versa. Same thing
        
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