[HN Gopher] Managed by Bots: surveillance of gig economy workers
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Managed by Bots: surveillance of gig economy workers
        
       Author : giuliomagnifico
       Score  : 161 points
       Date   : 2021-12-13 09:47 UTC (13 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (privacyinternational.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (privacyinternational.org)
        
       | monkeydust wrote:
       | Recommend reading this paper which introduces the concept of
       | 'pre-automation'
       | 
       | https://sociologica.unibo.it/article/view/11657
       | 
       | Helps understand (for me at least) what's going on here
        
       | fxtentacle wrote:
       | That video at the end is interesting both for its content and for
       | its delivery technology.
       | 
       | And I do agree with him: If whether you get work or not decides
       | on a black box AI and your only support channel is another black
       | box AI, that is pretty much a Kafka-esque nightmare.
       | 
       | I'd guess we here on HN are the people best equipped to prevent
       | the worst. So the next time you help someone automate their
       | customer support, ask yourself: How would I feel if my well-being
       | depended on this? Because for some poor soul, it might. Is there
       | a clear fall-back in case the AI fails horrible? Because, you
       | know, they always do.
       | 
       | I once had my own support automation problem with Amazon, but
       | luckily I had no stakes in it. They accidentally sent me someone
       | else's parcel. So I filed a support request to inform them. They
       | very politely apologized within a minute and informed me that
       | they are sorry about my lost parcel and they'll send another one.
       | So I got the same wrong parcel again. After waiting a while, I
       | opened up the two parcels, each roughly 10x5x5 inches (25x10x10
       | cm) large. It was two single pencil erasers.
       | 
       | But boy would I have been furious if I had received the same
       | support quality for a lost high-value parcel... Also, I did
       | ponder if it is OK for Amazon to waste my time if I'm not even
       | their customer. I mean their support forms are difficult to
       | reach, no matter why you need to contact them.
        
         | PragmaticPulp wrote:
         | > I'd guess we here on HN are the people best equipped to
         | prevent the worst.
         | 
         | I agree that individuals should be conscious of which companies
         | they support through their labor and/or spending habits.
         | 
         | But I also think that HN overestimates the ability for single
         | engineers to upend the goals of an entire organization. In the
         | real world, if a company wants to automate anything and they're
         | paying well, there will be a line of engineers out the door
         | applying to get it done.
         | 
         | > So the next time you help someone automate their customer
         | support
         | 
         | I think this strikes at a false dichotomy that occurs
         | frequently in these conversations: There's an idea that if we
         | simply removed the automated solutions then companies would be
         | forced to replace them with the idealized solutions that we
         | want. In practice, companies know very well that automated
         | customer support and similar solutions aren't comparable to
         | having a well-paid, highly-trained person pick up the phone.
         | But they weren't going to pay for the expensive solution
         | anyway.
         | 
         | And the real driving factor isn't just the companies, it's the
         | customers. If given the choice between two identical products
         | where the only difference is automated versus human customer
         | support (and associated higher price for human customer
         | support), the majority of customers will choose the cheaper
         | option every time. There are a few people who will proudly pay
         | more for the better CS, but they are a tiny minority. Overall,
         | customers _want_ the cheaper option even if it comes with
         | tradeoffs, and they will vote with their wallets.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | 1vuio0pswjnm7 wrote:
           | Who expects "single engineers to upend the goals of an entire
           | organization". Maybe I am missing something but I could not
           | detect that suggestion anywhere in the parent's comment. Nor
           | did I detect any suggestion that companies would ever adopt
           | "idealized solutions". The comment appears to ask others to
           | refrain from helping companies automate customer support,
           | whereas the reasoning of the reply is something along the
           | lines of "If you do not help the company automate customer
           | support, then whatever customer support the company provides
           | will not be "ideal", therefore, you should continue to help
           | the company automate customer support." WTF.
           | 
           | What is perplexing about these type of replies, which seem to
           | occur anytime there is suggestion of taking personal
           | responsibility for one's actions, is that people even bother
           | to make them. Because if we accept the premise as true that
           | one person's actions can have no effect on organisational
           | change, then why would anyone else care about, let alone try
           | to discourage, someone acting according to some ethical
           | principles. What prompts people to respond.
           | 
           | Perhaps there is something else going one here, especially
           | when these replies often (a) try to point to some other
           | focus, e.g., management, customers, price, etc., besides
           | their own decision-making and (b) do not pressent any
           | alternative courses of action. "It will not make a
           | difference. Thus, keep doing what you are doing." If it does
           | not make a difference then why would anyone care about
           | someone doing it.
           | 
           | Whatever the motivation, maybe someone else can explain it,
           | something about a person on HN who suggests following ethical
           | principles triggers a counter reply from someone who
           | generally tries to discourage this line of
           | thinking/behaviour, alleging something along the lines of "it
           | will not make a difference."
        
           | ekanes wrote:
           | > the majority of customers will choose the cheaper option
           | every time
           | 
           | This is ultimately behind everything that goes to zero.
           | Airlines must compete almost exclusively on price, so
           | everything gets worse to make that happen. We buy goods
           | mostly on price, and so are reliant on China.
        
           | glitchc wrote:
           | Maybe the only choice then is to regulate the profession so
           | that every Tom, Dick and Harry with a two-week bootcamp
           | _can't_ walk in the door to replace you.
           | 
           | Engineers in other professions are required to behave
           | ethically. Those who can't get there need to stop calling
           | themselves engineers, until they qualify to use the
           | designation (see regulation above).
        
           | BolexNOLA wrote:
           | I know this may come off as cheeky, but I'm being very
           | sincere: if not us, then who? Sure I alone can't upend
           | Amazon, but we aren't all alone and we aren't all working for
           | the juggernaut that is the Bezos machine.
           | 
           | Maybe I sound naive but every bit matters, especially given
           | how many of us probably work at start-ups. You never know
           | when your decisions will have an impact on a multibillion
           | dollar company that simply hasn't emerged yet.
        
             | geodel wrote:
             | I think it would be like earlier during industrial
             | revolution when people would vandalize train tracks or
             | factories. It can slow down a bit at particular place and
             | time but otherwise these things are inevitable.
        
             | belval wrote:
             | The people? Like it or not developing stuff like this is
             | not illegal, and expecting people to grow a conscience when
             | their livelihood depends on not having one is pointless.
             | 
             | The unfortunately cynical answer is that we need to have
             | representatives that will put laws in place to prevent
             | this. It's both simple and complex due to the political
             | landscape, but that's the only real long-term solution.
        
           | pessimizer wrote:
           | > But I also think that HN overestimates the ability for
           | single engineers to upend the goals of an entire
           | organization. In the real world, if a company wants to
           | automate anything and they're paying well, there will be a
           | line of engineers out the door applying to get it done.
           | 
           | There's a similar effect in journalism, where the loudest
           | voices saying that individual journalists have the duty and
           | ability to maintain the integrity of journalism are often
           | other journalists.
           | 
           | It's a survivorship thing - the journalists/engineers who
           | stay employed as such are the ones who probably honestly
           | believe in the same things that their employers do, or at
           | least have an output high enough in the things that their
           | employers won't feel the need to heavily edit or nix entirely
           | to have nearly the same effect. It creates an illusion of
           | control.
           | 
           | But ultimately the author of anything is the person whose
           | yeses and nos cannot be overridden, and that's the boss.
           | 
           | > In practice, companies know very well that automated
           | customer support and similar solutions aren't comparable to
           | having a well-paid, highly-trained person pick up the phone.
           | 
           | And even if it's not particularly expensive in itself, the
           | fact is that having bad customer service reduces complaints.
           | Having anonymous/automated customer service even reduces
           | complaints about customer service - because there's no way to
           | identify or isolate a particular bad customer service
           | experience, like a _name._ Avoiding the complaints probably
           | creates so much savings that it would be worth automating
           | customer service even if that cost _more_ than having good,
           | live customer service.
           | 
           | We do the same thing in means testing/bureaucracy in
           | welfare/social services. The more difficult or confusing it
           | is to prove one's qualification, the fewer _qualified_ people
           | will have to be serviced. In that case, spending _more_ on
           | "customer service" (i.e. adding more steps) ultimately
           | reduces costs.
           | 
           | > There are a few people who will proudly pay more for the
           | better CS, but they are a tiny minority.
           | 
           | There are also very few ways to know that the customer
           | service on a product will be terrible before you need it.
           | People aren't actively picking bad customer service any more
           | than people choose to watch bad movies at theaters. It's
           | something you find out about after you've already bought in.
        
           | fxtentacle wrote:
           | There are plenty of little things that you can add to make
           | even an automated system more humane.
           | 
           | For example, assign a unique ID to every automated decision
           | and display it in the automated replay email. That way,
           | affected humans can at least sue to get the basis of their
           | decision disclosed.
           | 
           | Or why should noreply-support@company.com actually be a no-
           | reply? Let's forward it to the manager who is responsible so
           | that if people are genuinely upset, their "feedback" reaches
           | the correct person.
           | 
           | Or attach a footer to those emails, which contains an email
           | address for legal matters. Make sure to say "Please only
           | contact this address for urgent legal matters" so that
           | everyone correctly infers that it'll reach an actual human.
           | 
           | As for those gig apps, it's probably good enough to just
           | include the actual reason in the JSON reply that the server
           | sends, without ever displaying it in the app. Of course,
           | that's for internal debugging only, but nobody's going to get
           | the production deployment flags set correctly.
           | 
           | Or you can make the decision really obvious, by instantly
           | loading it as an AJAX. Customer fills out a form, the spinner
           | starts, and the result is displayed. "We're terribly sorry
           | but your claim has been denied." But keep the inputs visible,
           | so the customer can tweak the values and submit again.
           | They'll surely figure out what makes the decision flip.
           | 
           | And I wouldn't worry too much about colleagues who'd do
           | anything for money. They will probably go to FAANG for better
           | pay anyway. And if all non-FAANG companies have significantly
           | better service, the overall public will notice.
           | 
           | Bonus tip: If you ever want to reach a human yourself, there
           | are services like hunter.io that'll procure the email address
           | of a human for you. And then you just circumvent all the
           | automation and directly CC the CTO to say "f* - oops - thank
           | you for your great customer service!"
        
           | milkytron wrote:
           | > I agree that individuals should be conscious of which
           | companies they support through their labor and/or spending
           | habits.
           | 
           | Agreed, but this is a lot of work. After doing it myself, I
           | find that the options are almost always choose the least
           | evil, choose something expensive, or don't buy that thing at
           | all.
           | 
           | Choosing something expensive is a sacrifice I'm willing to
           | make to support a company I believe is doing good. The hard
           | part becomes not buying anything at all when there are no
           | good choices. When I had a car, filling it up with gas felt
           | like a crime against humanity's future.
        
             | alisonkisk wrote:
             | You can get a car that doesn't run on gas.
        
             | fxtentacle wrote:
             | > The hard part becomes not buying anything at all when
             | there are no good choices
             | 
             | That pretty much describes me and my Android phone right
             | now. I don't want to use an iPhone, but I also want a phone
             | that still fits into my hand and my pocket. Sadly, there's
             | nothing comparable to the 2016 iPhone SE on the market. I
             | could easily get a new phone for free from work, but I
             | would hate to support a product that I actively dislike. So
             | I wait and hope for a small Android phone to be released in
             | the future.
        
             | Mezzie wrote:
             | I feel similarly, and recently I've been focusing on
             | acquiring tools that enable me to disengage from our
             | rotting culture by making things for myself. Of course not
             | everything can be done, but a lot can be, especially if you
             | start letting other people use the tools.
             | 
             | Instead of fast fashion, I'm getting a sewing machine and
             | fabric and just letting several people use it in return for
             | making me clothes (I have money, they have time). Likewise,
             | I'm investing in knitting/crocheting stuff and lending it
             | out. Instead of plastic doohickies, I'm getting a 3D
             | printer: What I make may be cheap crap on par with what I'd
             | get at Walmart, but at least I won't be exploiting or
             | enslaving anyone.
             | 
             | Also buying used and repairing is an option. Basically I
             | like to ask myself 'will this help me need less from big
             | corporations?' before I buy something. Not that small
             | business is inherently more moral, but it's easier to hold
             | to account as an individual consumer. I can actually
             | sue/raise enough of a ruckus to put a local business out of
             | business if they hurt me, whereas Amazon doesn't care.
        
           | burnished wrote:
           | Want to argue this point
           | 
           | >>But I also think that HN overestimates the ability for
           | single engineers to upend the goals of an entire
           | organization. In the real world, if a company wants to
           | automate anything and they're paying well, there will be a
           | line of engineers out the door applying to get it done.
           | 
           | Either the work is difficult, and few people can do it (hence
           | the price tag on engineering salaries) or it isn't. But if it
           | is, then even a few refusals can effectively shut down a
           | project. 'oh theres a line out the door' gets given as a weak
           | excuse from people who have zero threat to their security,
           | and I'd rather never hear it again.
        
           | et-al wrote:
           | > But I also think that HN overestimates the ability for
           | single engineers to upend the goals of an entire
           | organization. In the real world, if a company wants to
           | automate anything and they're paying well, there will be a
           | line of engineers out the door applying to get it done.
           | 
           | So my experience may not be the norm because I've only worked
           | at smaller orgs, but my experience with all my product
           | managers have been collaborative. Personally, I wouldn't be
           | able to work at a place where I can't affect product
           | decisions. But then again, maybe that mythical $300k total
           | comp is really about "shut up and just follow the specs."
        
         | kwhitefoot wrote:
         | I think Amazon support forms are difficult to reach by design.
         | It helps keep the traffic down. They are simply not at all
         | interested in people who are not customers, and not especially
         | interested in those who are. There was a time when I got a lot
         | of email from Amazon about things that someone else had
         | purchased. How my email address became associated with their
         | account I have no idea. I tried to notify Amazon but there just
         | wasn't any proper way to do it and after sending an email or
         | two I just gave up. It was more than six months later that I
         | stopped getting such email
        
         | 6gvONxR4sf7o wrote:
         | > So the next time you help someone automate their customer
         | support...
         | 
         | In my experience people working on these things are well
         | intentioned. So it comes down to a need to shift priorities.
         | Maybe you need to launch something now, and the PM tries to
         | make you delay some important thing for the next release,
         | launching without it at first. That's the kind of thing we need
         | to change. No more promises of "We are working to make this
         | better" while launching without crucial pieces first. We're
         | used to making that kind of choice when it's not people's
         | livelihoods and working conditions at stake, and we have to
         | make those choices differently when the stakes are people.
        
         | spaetzleesser wrote:
         | "I'd guess we here on HN are the people best equipped to
         | prevent the worst. So the next time you help someone automate
         | their customer support, ask yourself: How would I feel if my
         | well-being depended on this? Because for some poor soul, it
         | might. Is there a clear fall-back in case the AI fails
         | horrible? Because, you know, they always do."
         | 
         | I don't think we are that well equipped to prevent the worst.
         | Maybe some entrepreneurs are but most engineers develop tools
         | that can be used for good and bad. I think automation provides
         | enormous benefits to society and we should keep pursuing it. To
         | make sure it doesn't end up with an abusive system is a
         | political problem and should be addressed by rules and laws.
         | 
         | In the last few decades the mantra was that the more money the
         | psychopaths can make the better for society and screw the
         | victims. That has to change. Society overall suffers if we have
         | a few billionaires lording over the working masses.
         | 
         | I am pretty hopeful that we can create systems that balance
         | technological progress with concerns of social welfare. We have
         | made big progress with environmental regulation and I hope we
         | will do the same in other areas.
        
         | durnygbur wrote:
         | > So I got the same wrong parcel again. After waiting a while,
         | I opened up the two parcels, each roughly 10x5x5 inches
         | (25x10x10 cm) large. It was two single pencil erasers.
         | 
         | The monstrosites which reach this scale always amaze me. In
         | case of individuals, when sending an item the main concern is
         | packaging, shipping costs and time. Amazon and others? They
         | just furiously and repeatedly ship oversized boxes filled
         | mostly with fillers, while eco-shaming the customer.
        
         | jevoten wrote:
         | > I'd guess we here on HN are the people best equipped to
         | prevent the worst.
         | 
         | Best _positioned_ , but how well equipped are you? Are you
         | organized enough to collectively refuse such requests, or will
         | you fall into the "If I don't do it someone else will" trap?
        
           | inter_netuser wrote:
           | why is that a trap?
           | 
           | the "trap" seems to be instead the stable equilibrium state.
        
             | pessimizer wrote:
             | It's only a trap if you consider doing things for money
             | that you, yourself, think are bad things, as a bad thing.
        
           | spaetzleesser wrote:
           | You often don't even know how your tools will be used
           | eventually. Most technology is pretty neutral. How it's being
           | applied defines whether it's positive or negative.
        
           | goodpoint wrote:
           | > Best positioned, but how well equipped are you?
           | 
           | More importantly: how willing? The HN crowd is known for
           | workshipping tech companies.
        
         | konschubert wrote:
         | Any automated process always needs human fallback.
        
           | the_snooze wrote:
           | Or else what? It's not like companies lose revenue or
           | reputation for relying on cheap frustrating automation. If
           | anything, it's in their best interests to keep doing so
           | (i.e., to dissuade people from unsubscribing or complaining).
        
             | konschubert wrote:
             | Or else we the people make it law.
        
           | Maf1 wrote:
           | Or will we live in a world where the computer is always
           | right.
        
             | ksdale wrote:
             | It's unreal the number of times a support person has said
             | they "can't" do something because they don't have an option
             | to do it in their user interface. And like, I understand
             | that they don't have the authority to do it and it's not
             | their fault, but someone at HQ basically decided that
             | something was too expensive or inconvenient for the company
             | and made it quite literally "not an option" and it just
             | becomes a law of the universe that the customer can't get
             | that remedy.
        
           | syshum wrote:
           | Google, Amazon, and the rest clearly disagree
        
             | konschubert wrote:
             | Yes, and it's a kafkaesque nightmare.
             | 
             | I try to avoid Google for this reason.
        
         | bigodbiel wrote:
         | The irony is that it's middle management that will be the first
         | to be laid off. What globalization did for blue collar,
         | management automation will do with middle management.
         | 
         | Making this a "workers' issue" won't lead to anything,
         | specially when it's gig economy workers. Obviously these AI
         | will make their way to non-gig economy sector, and from there
         | spread like wildfire.
         | 
         | This will only exacerbate socio-economic inequalities to a
         | point of no return (revolution of the precariat aside)
         | 
         | Creepy how it's all too similar to the short story Manna[1]
         | (substituting fast food for gig economy)
        
         | C19is20 wrote:
         | I'm rather amazed people purchase single erasers from amazon.
        
         | raxxorrax wrote:
         | I firmly state my disapproval to engineers working on such
         | systems. Doesn't really work, you always find someone that
         | prostitutes himself.
         | 
         | Production surveillance can be essential for quality control,
         | but you don't need individual surveillance for that and line
         | managers are better at evaluating people.
         | 
         | It is mostly useless managers that want to show of a nice Excel
         | sheet.
        
       | i_like_waiting wrote:
       | To be honest, I just realized I am culpable in this area. So far
       | its small things for small company: e.g. automated alerts when
       | checklist is not filled for selected day, information in 1 system
       | is not matching with info in second system.
       | 
       | By themselves those things look innocent, and just automate my
       | headache of writing emails to correct the info.
       | 
       | What will it be 2-3 years for now? For sure automated
       | penalization system in case you don't do those things correctly.
       | 
       | Do I have enough morality to not do those alerts/ "small
       | productivity hacks" for me and do it manually for greater good
       | instead? Tbh I need to think about it.
        
         | simion314 wrote:
         | I would say that first thing you should do is to make sure the
         | emails/notifications you send contain all information needed
         | that the affected person knows what he did wrong and also
         | contain a way to dispute.
         | 
         | We need to push against broken system that abuse us, like in my
         | case I got an email from Sony that I violated a super generic
         | rule and my account is suspended for 2 months, with no way to
         | dispute this and sure enough no refunds or compensation for my
         | currently paid and active yearly subscription. (this can happen
         | to any of us is not only Google/Apple/PayPal/Amazon that can
         | screw you with their automation and shit customer support , the
         | list is much larger and probably growing)
        
           | spaetzleesser wrote:
           | "I would say that first thing you should do is to make sure
           | the emails/notifications you send contain all information
           | needed that the affected person knows what he did wrong and
           | also contain a way to dispute."
           | 
           | This should become law. Otherwise we end up in Kafka's "The
           | Trial" world.
        
             | commandlinefan wrote:
             | > This should become law
             | 
             | I'd like to see that too, but I think it's... unlikely. In
             | the case of OP, he lost access to his Sony account (I
             | assume that's an online gaming platform) and there were
             | monetary damages included, but imagine a generic "you can't
             | be suspended from an online account without a way to
             | dispute with an actual human person" law applied to, say,
             | Facebook or Twitter or Reddit?
        
               | simion314 wrote:
               | So my account was banned for 60 days , I could use the
               | console offline but no multiplayer/chat features. I am
               | paying a yearly subscription for Play Station Plus that
               | includes some online features that were made useless by
               | the ban, so I was paying for nothing (in my case I was a
               | paying customer) . My son told me that he got threats
               | from some guy that if he did not gifts him Fortnite stuff
               | he will do many fake Abuse Reports to Sony , I could see
               | this system getting abused and adding on top the chats
               | were not in english this could have been the cause (I
               | can't be 100% sure and Sony did not told me what exactly
               | triggered this so AFAIK it could be a screenshot from a
               | video game that triggered Sony bots).
               | 
               | The law should force this company to refund completely or
               | partially when this ban is happening , or in this case
               | they could have extended the subscription with 60 days.
               | The law should also force them to tell me what phrase or
               | image or report triggered the system, it might make Sny
               | job harder but the law should make our live easy not some
               | giant corporation.
               | 
               | In this case Sony last a loyal customer, I will do my
               | best to avoid giving them any more money in the future,
               | consoles or other products, so if anyone wants to
               | implement a similar system that screws with customer keep
               | in mind that the ones you screw over will not stay silent
               | and will spread the word and you lose more then 1
               | potential customer.
        
           | mikro2nd wrote:
           | Thing is, it's not just automated systems that are broken. As
           | worrying to me, or even more so, are those huge, lumbering,
           | old-school systems called corporations, where the humans who
           | work in them are merely functionaries, cog-wheels that make
           | the machine work, without discretion or leeway to exercise
           | judgement, and they're getting worse because those little
           | cog-wheels are increasingly tasked, measured, hired, promoted
           | and fired by algorithms, too. You may be dealing with a
           | human, but they have absolutely no way to exercise their
           | humanity, even when their job-title is something like "Bank
           | Manager".
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | Animats wrote:
       | Machines should think. People should work. That's the new
       | reality.
       | 
       | How far away is an AI system that supervises web developers?
        
       | ghgr wrote:
       | It reminds me of the short story "Manna - Two Views of Humanity's
       | Future" [1], which describes the steady establishment of AI
       | process optimizers as the managers of human employees, who
       | increasingly became a replaceable commodity. Fascinating read.
       | 
       | [1] https://marshallbrain.com/manna1
        
         | JoachimS wrote:
         | Good pointer, and a good short story.
        
         | mikro2nd wrote:
         | When I first read Dune, 'lo those many years ago, I always
         | thought of the Butlerian Jihad as being somewhere in our far
         | future. Now, I'm not so sure...
        
           | pessimizer wrote:
           | When I first read it, I realized was probably a Butlerian
           | jihadist.
           | 
           | "Computers" are unfortunately named after the least important
           | thing that they do (accounting.) What's important about them
           | is that they are allow us to generalize and add infinite
           | complexity to autonomous control systems, like valves that
           | open when a certain pressure is reached, or switches that
           | toggle at a certain light level. The ultimate computer
           | network would keep the king that implemented it in power for
           | eternity, even after his death, by keeping his will alive. If
           | you automated his corpse, you wouldn't even need to know that
           | the king _could_ die.
           | 
           | edit: "Ordenador" (from Spain) is probably better, i.e the
           | thing/person that gives orders, or puts things in order.
           | Maybe "mandonador"...
        
         | AussieWog93 wrote:
         | Funny you mention that. I've felt the same thing when going on
         | Uber Eats runs with my mate who drives for them.
         | 
         | At the moment, the technology is in the "chapter 1" stage where
         | things are pretty smooth and chill. It's genuinely low-stress,
         | well-paced work.
         | 
         | Once self-driving tech hits the market, though, it's clear that
         | the human employees will be replaced without a care or thought
         | for their well-being.
        
           | hellbannedguy wrote:
           | Not if they unionize, and it's hard to offshore delivery
           | drivers. I guess autonomous driving cars will be an option?
        
           | retube wrote:
           | So? Ever since the industrial revolution new technology has
           | obsoleted jobs. 98% of us used to be farmers. Excel put
           | gazillions of book-keepers out of work. But we're still at
           | basically full employment: there's thousands of jobs now no
           | one could have conceived of 50 years ago, or even 20 years
           | ago. Self-driving cars (if indeed they actually materialise)
           | will be hugely transformative for society, and create whole
           | new businesses and industries, i.e. new jobs to replace the
           | old. Progress fundamentally relies on this "creative
           | destruction", without it we'd still be in caves scavenging
           | for nuts and berries.
           | 
           | Edit: it's kind of bonkers that pointing out the basic
           | mechanics of technological progress is getting downvoted on a
           | site like HN, where I imagine most of us are gainfully
           | employed trying to do just this.
        
             | Epa095 wrote:
             | I am also mildly positive, but also quite worried, for the
             | following reasons.
             | 
             | 1: Its easy to make fun of the luddites which fought the
             | mills and against progress, but for many of them it was a
             | real fight for their life, and many got thrown out in deep
             | poverty. Society as a whole progressed yes, but many got it
             | significantly worse for the rest of their lives. Maybe
             | their kids, or eventually their kids kids got a better life
             | for it. We must not be so naive that we dont think the same
             | will happen (/ is happening now).
             | 
             | 2: Not everyone is cut out to be
             | developers/nurses/teachers/whatever-the-future-job-is. Many
             | are, but not all. How do we take care of these boys(and
             | some girls) which before would go to sea, or work at a
             | farm, or do whatever simple job they could get? Maybe in
             | the end it will all "settle down" in a good way, but we
             | live now, not then.
             | 
             | 3: It affects the "power struggle" between labour and
             | capital. Its easier to move machines than people. Robots
             | dont strike. Yes, you need a few expensive engineers, but
             | in a world where soon "everyone" has a MSc they are not
             | *that* hard to replace if they get too demanding.
             | 
             | 4: And related to the last, as a society we collectively
             | produce a bunch of stuff, and we have decided that selling
             | our labour is the way to distribute this wealth. Automation
             | produces more stuff, but reduces the value of labour. Will
             | we find a way to handle this?
        
               | pc86 wrote:
               | 1. I struggle not to just respond "So?" to this one as
               | well. Society progressing is the goal, isn't it? There
               | will always be people in poverty. Poverty caused by AI
               | isn't worse than poverty caused by industrial or
               | agricultural automation, and it isn't worse than poverty
               | caused by the fact you're born in a family of serfs
               | instead of lords.
               | 
               | 2. It will all settle down eventually, it always does.
               | The poorest today have access to more food, education,
               | and (usually) healthcare than even the rich just a few
               | centuries ago. Being knocked to steerage of a quickly
               | rising ship isn't a death sentence.
               | 
               | 3 (and 4). Isn't this just more of the same compared to
               | the industrial revolution? The cotton gin certainly
               | shifted the power struggle more toward capital but I
               | don't think anyone today would argue we should be
               | processing all our textiles by hand.
        
             | credittw2021 wrote:
             | Otoh the last few decades have led to automation replacing
             | well paying jobs with mcJobs.
        
               | retube wrote:
               | Maybe in some localised areas. Globally tho absolutely
               | not; in recent years huge numbers of people have been
               | pulled into the middle classes, probably a 1bn+ in India
               | and China, and Africa is now the fastest growing economy,
               | with the world bank expecting most countries to reach
               | "middle income" status by 2025.
        
               | JoachimS wrote:
               | And replacing entry level academic jobs with machines -
               | adding a barrier of entry for freshly baked lawyers.
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | derekjdanserl wrote:
             | >So?
             | 
             | So much for humanity benefitting from technology. Instead
             | of our workdays becoming fewer and shorter, a tiny number
             | of people who don't work at all will become richer while
             | our lives become more alienated from our labor. This is the
             | opposite of what we tell each other technology is supposed
             | to accomplish. If it's not a problem, why do we keep lying
             | about?
        
               | FDSGSG wrote:
               | You are describing some speculative future that doesn't
               | really correlate with historical progress. Same could've
               | been said about the industrial revolution, but somehow it
               | did end up dramatically benefitting all of humanity.
        
               | nopenopenopeno wrote:
               | Again, that is the story we well, but it's a very
               | reckless claim. Generations in early industrialization
               | who still remembered life as a peasant almost universally
               | preferred life as a peasant. Industrialization's need for
               | labor forced other peasants from their land to build
               | competing modern nation states. Very few people asked for
               | this and only a small wealthy few would tell you that
               | dragging these people into brutal toiling factory labor
               | improved everybody's lives, but those are the people who
               | funded the history books.
        
               | ilikerashers wrote:
               | The Industrial Revolution also played a heavy hand in WW1
               | and Industrial Warfare.
               | 
               | I don't think anyone is saying progress is wrong.
               | Unfettered capitalism which robs people of their rights
               | and alienates people from society is disastrous.
               | 
               | Putting an algorithm to treat people like machines is not
               | innovation. Uber Eats is not our generations "spinning
               | jenny". They should be forced to provide basic working
               | benefits.
        
               | retube wrote:
               | > Instead of our workdays becoming fewer and shorter,
               | 
               | If that happened any increase in productivity would be
               | offset by the reduced time worked, so no one would get
               | richer (very simplistically).
               | 
               | At the end of the day, humans are competitive, so of
               | course hours worked will never really reduce, but it's
               | that competition which drives innovation
               | 
               | And we're all getting richer. Sure there's more
               | billionaires then ever, but if we're all getting richer
               | so what? (and yes we are getting richer: the economic
               | progress in Asia and Africa over the last two decades has
               | been incredible. And the west continues to develop also.
               | The world is richer than it has ever been)
        
               | throwaway2331 wrote:
               | Normally, it would be poor form to pick apart someone's
               | well thought-out reasoning, but your reasonings are not
               | well thought-out: they're middle class talking points,
               | and effectively propaganda, lacking any overarching
               | cohesion.
               | 
               | > If that happened any increase in productivity would be
               | offset by the reduced time worked, so no one would get
               | richer (very simplistically).
               | 
               | This is a useless point for the common man.
               | "Productivity," in statistical economics jargon, means
               | "how much profit is squeezed out of an employee." It's a
               | substitute for the much more charged "surplus value of
               | labor." When productivity goes up and wages stagnate, as
               | we've seen happen, it means the common employee is not
               | getting richer, but instead being fleeced -- usually do
               | to a moral depression that does not leave him able to
               | negotiate (struggle/fight/etc.) for higher wealth (both
               | material and non-material).
               | 
               | This false equilibrium falls apart when you can simply
               | deduct hours worked, and lower wages just enough to have
               | a better productivity-to-hours ratio. Cannily, this is
               | what has happened to most large low-skilled labor
               | markets, where MBA "consultants" come in to grift and
               | sell management/the executive team on how to make more
               | money -- at the cost of everything else. See: McDonalds
               | and Walmart as a prime example.
               | 
               | This also has the added bonus that you can now decide not
               | to offer full-time benefits (human rights), because your
               | workers are no longer "full time."
               | 
               | I.e. economic propaganda does not reflect real life.
               | 
               | > Humans are competitive
               | 
               | Humans with way less, are also hungry. Humans with way
               | more, are also desensitized-degenerates that need hyper-
               | stimulating avenues of pleasure like extreme avarice to
               | sate their desires.
               | 
               | Most people do not work because they want to, but because
               | they need to. The only "competitive" people you'll see in
               | the work-force are the greedy. Who've passed the point
               | where money no longer really means anything, but still
               | have decided to dedicate their life watching that number
               | go up. They are degenerates. Using them to paint all of
               | humanity with a broad stroke is ill thought-out.
               | 
               | > And we're all getting richer. Sure there's more
               | billionaires then ever, but if we're all getting richer
               | so what? (and yes we are getting richer: the economic
               | progress in Asia and Africa over the last two decades has
               | been incredible. And the west continues to develop also.
               | The world is richer than it has ever been)
               | 
               | Materially, yes. Spiritually, morally, intellectually,
               | emotionally, socially: no.
               | 
               | Colonialization of foreign lands, effectively enslaving
               | these people to be a part of the dominating
               | civilization's "economic machine" is not a good thing.
               | These people had a way of life before Western
               | Civilization (TM) came in and obliterated their culture.
               | They were presumably content, otherwise they would've
               | sought out "innovation," "competition," and
               | "productivity" on their own -- without the help of
               | colonizers.
               | 
               | If the pieces of what I've quoted are authentic, and
               | genuinely from the heart, then it is an example of moral
               | bankruptcy (most likely due to environmental causes --
               | rather than individual).
               | 
               | There are other things in the world besides money. The
               | only civilization that keeps on beating the war-drum of
               | money money money is the Western Civilization. Everyone
               | else has other things that are important to them
               | (notably: family, social connections, spirituality,
               | living a good life, being a decent human being, and so
               | on). But in fairness, these are all slowly disappearing,
               | as the U.S. keeps on pumping inflation out to the world,
               | and forcing everyone else to "join" or "suffer"
               | economically (materially).
        
             | JoachimS wrote:
             | The fallacy here is to assume that, because this is what
             | have happened before, it will always happen in the future.
             | 
             | Yes, farming got efficient with tractors, allowing farmers
             | to move to the cities to fill jobs in factories that was
             | starting up at the dawn of the mass production and
             | industrial revolution. But that does not mean that all
             | future resources (i.e. humans) being freed due to
             | automation, tech development will have new jobs to move to.
             | That there are jobs suitable for humans created. That
             | humans are needed as part of production of goods, services,
             | content etc.
             | 
             | Also I would love to see a reference to why progress rely
             | on creative destruction. Please provide pointers.
        
             | FredPret wrote:
             | People are scared, which is understandable. These great
             | technological leaps aren't called revolutions for nothing
        
         | monkeybutton wrote:
         | I've been seeing more and more references to this story over
         | the last few years which is a sign.. Of something. It would be
         | really interesting to see the Http referrer logs his website
         | gets for it. Probably a great collection of threads about
         | everywhere this kind of automation is happening.
        
       | ammonammonammon wrote:
       | One step closer to Elysium ...
        
       | ape4 wrote:
       | A small example: I had a Uber driver who was afraid to deviate
       | from the app-selected route even though he could see an
       | obstruction.
        
       | Bayart wrote:
       | That page had me download over 11000 elements and 80MB.
        
       | agustif wrote:
       | https://marshallbrain.com/manna1
       | 
       | https://marshallbrain.com/manna2
       | 
       | https://marshallbrain.com/manna3
        
       | stevenjgarner wrote:
       | There is an avalanche of gig economy employee management and
       | monitoring software (Teramind, ActivTrak, Ekran System,
       | BrowseReporter, workpuls, Cerebral, monday.com, DeskTime, Time
       | Doctor, etc). Many of these systems contain algorithms that
       | surveil and manage workers. These tools eliminate much of the
       | risk of outsourcing work to remote workers that cannot be
       | directly supervised. They enable the remote workers by making
       | them eligible for employment, and engineering a higher degree of
       | trust into the relationship.
        
         | afandian wrote:
         | I would dearly like to see legislation that means that non-
         | human supervision constitutes an _elevated_ a risk to the
         | employer.
         | 
         | e.g. UK Data Protection Act 2018                   A controller
         | may not take a significant decision based         solely on
         | automated processing unless that decision is         required
         | or authorised by law.
         | 
         | https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2018/12/part/3/chapter/...
        
           | stevenjgarner wrote:
           | ... and to the employee?
        
             | Applejinx wrote:
             | For the time being that's a given.
        
           | willcipriano wrote:
           | I don't think it even needs to go that far, if you choose to
           | delagate your descion making to a machine you should be as
           | responsible for whatever results from that, it is your role
           | to ensure the machine is making the right choices.
        
             | afandian wrote:
             | I think it's a harmful act of technological hubris to
             | suggest that it's possible. Employment is a human
             | relationship. I don't see much evidence that humans are
             | able to construct a system that can respond to all of the
             | human interaction that goes into a human relationship. Look
             | at the state of the art of HR software, let alone spyware.
             | 
             | Let the robot managers for manage robots.
        
               | willcipriano wrote:
               | If someone invented such a system, I wouldn't want to
               | stop them from using it, I just hold them accountable. I
               | personally wouldn't trust a computer to fire someone if I
               | was on the hook for it's choices.
        
               | afandian wrote:
               | I don't trust any of the feedback loops, or the good
               | faith of any of the kinds of organizations that would use
               | them. Show me a time when a company was truly accountable
               | for a "computer mistake" and didn't just shrug it off
               | when the damage was done. The fable of the scorpion and
               | the frog springs to mind.
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Scorpion_and_the_Frog
        
               | willcipriano wrote:
               | I don't think it's actually a defence now, except maybe
               | in the court of public opinion. For example, I'm certain
               | courts would find that it's still sexual harassment if
               | you build a machine to go around looking up women's
               | dresses instead of doing it yourself. The problem isn't a
               | lack of accountability for the machine so much as it is a
               | lack of accountability generally.
        
       | streamofdigits wrote:
       | How can it be that the most predatory elements of society have
       | been given so much leeway?
       | 
       | This is not an intrinsic pattern of our species / societies or we
       | would have devoured ourselves literally or figuratively long time
       | ago.
       | 
       | Obviously restoring forces that would push this evil genie back
       | in its bottle exist but are somehow dormant, neutralized or
       | otherwise missing-in-action.
       | 
       | This fight and push-back should not be a thing for "activists".
       | It affects every single person. We are all "gig workers".
        
         | pessimizer wrote:
         | Because lacking ethical prohibitions always gives one an
         | advantage. People who lack ethics can always choose to act
         | ethically when it confers a social advantage, or to act
         | otherwise when that's more advantageous. Ethical people are by
         | definition often forced to act at a disadvantage.
         | 
         | The only advantage that individual ethical behavior gives is
         | through supporting the health of the group, thereby supporting
         | members who depend on the group. People who aren't loyal to a
         | group can shop around, play one against the other, etc. Even
         | better, if you automate the interactions between people,
         | there's no need or benefit for ethical behavior. Profit comes
         | from pleasing the algorithm rather than any sort of loyalty.
         | 
         | Edit: The algorithm that capitalism uses is maximizing value
         | against cost. All ethical complaints about it are asking people
         | to accept less value/more cost. Capitalism insists that if
         | everyone maximizes value against cost personally, that sends a
         | control signal to the collective that will maximize the greater
         | good. This is the ethic that we're automating.
        
         | caddybox wrote:
         | This is my personal opinion.
         | 
         | We have been devouring each other for ages now. Entire cultures
         | have vanished, destroyed by more powerful members of the same
         | species. The entire history of our species has been on violent
         | conflict where a stronger group removes a weaker group, only to
         | be removed later by another group that emerges stronger.
         | Previously it was racial, clan-based violence. Now it's
         | economic servitude where a perpetually unfortunate lower class
         | keeps on greasing the wheels of industry with sweat and blood.
         | The rich stay rich, the poor stay poor.
         | 
         | We are not benevolent or kind creatures. We are programmed to
         | survive. As long as the poor live, they will rarely question
         | the rationality behind the inequality that keeps them poor.
        
           | kmlx wrote:
           | > The rich stay rich, the poor stay poor.
           | 
           | this has been false since at least the industrial revolution.
           | 
           | https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/life-expectancy?tab=chart
           | 
           | https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/world-gdp-over-the-
           | last-t...
           | 
           | https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/world-population-in-
           | extre...
        
           | Applejinx wrote:
           | No, you overlook the mutual aid factor. We are non-benevolent
           | AND benevolent, unkind AND kind creatures. Hence the
           | inability ever to settle on one explanation. Either direction
           | you go, you're in error unless you account for both.
           | 
           | It becomes an existential crisis when humanity designs bots
           | and AI and then behaves like humanity must COMPETE with the
           | AI in order to survive, when we absolutely can't. We can't
           | lift better than a forklift, run faster than a Veyron, we
           | can't think better than Big Data. For the time being we're
           | still able to dream better. For now.
           | 
           | Android dreams won't speak to us.
           | 
           | But there's no reason we can't pass on our capacity for
           | mutual aid to the AI, as well as the competitiveness. And
           | there's no reason the AI can't have heart and soul. When it
           | fails it's because WE try to construct it in a false image of
           | what we think we are.
        
           | streamofdigits wrote:
           | This is probably too pessimistic. If it was true we would not
           | be writing this right now, we'd be still in some semi-wild
           | state, ripping each others hearts out as battle trophy to
           | dedicate to some imaginary god. If predatory behavior really
           | had the upper hand it would not allow the kind of social
           | structures that solved difficulty technology problems and
           | allowed mass health, mass education etc.
           | 
           | But destructive, rapacious, behavior feels just one step away
           | even now that we are supposedly "civilized" and we have
           | excruciating records of our bloody history.
           | 
           | If we don't find a way to bottle this instinct up we will not
           | see many more decades.
           | 
           | Time is running out because the system is not time-invariant:
           | we had explosive population and technology growth. The same
           | regressive traits that might have "only" annihilated isolated
           | cultures in the past will bring our collective demise.
        
             | BingoAhoy wrote:
             | Is it too pessimistic? Human history is filled with empires
             | dominating their weaker neighbors, culling many of them
             | (though not all), for the INgroup's self interest (it's
             | also useful to keep subordinates around to do the menial
             | labor). Even the less ruthless of these "imperialistic"
             | entities such as the United States have a outstanding
             | record. The native Americans can pay witness.
             | 
             | Not to mention what we do to animals. I read during just
             | Superbowl Sunday 500 million chickens are slaughtered for
             | the delight of eating chicken wings in the living room. If
             | animals are nonconscious entities that don't suffer akin to
             | robots then no harm no foul, but that is quintessential
             | mass-scale devouring of another.
        
         | mschuster91 wrote:
         | > How can it be that the most predatory elements of society
         | have been given so much leeway?
         | 
         | Partially because we as collective societies let them, by not
         | voting out or actively voting in those who campaigned on neo-
         | liberal platforms, many decades ago.
         | 
         | Partially because not many (and those who did were mostly on
         | the hard-left side, which was and still is vilified) saw the
         | "boiling frog" effect at play... stuff like the end of the
         | Fairness Doctrine that gave way to today's mass media and its
         | problems with propaganda, the Citizens United decision that
         | paved the way for utterly absurd amounts of money in political
         | campaigning, gerrymandering and other forms of voter
         | manipulation, the building/consolidation of media empires like
         | Sinclair [1], or the total lack of any regulation for social
         | media and the blindness of everyone regarding Russian and
         | Chinese propaganda on these platforms.
         | 
         | Now, the water is boiling: support for democracy - not just in
         | the US but worldwide - has been eroding, as have democratic
         | freedoms and lessons-learned from WW2 (such as, especially in
         | Europe, the rights of those fleeing from war, destruction and
         | hunger, or the need for international cooperation). Countries
         | in the European Union (Poland, Hungary) begin to qualify as
         | quasi-dictatorships, the UK dropped out in an epic clusterfuck,
         | the US suffered from a (thankfully incompetent) putsch attempt,
         | and as the COVID crisis has shown people don't even trust
         | _vaccinations_ any more. Meanwhile, the rich have gone ever
         | more rich (sometimes to utterly absurd degrees).
         | 
         | How do we get back to civilization? I have no idea if it is /
         | will be possible without some kind of global "reset" event...
         | we Germans caused the last one, this time the cause will likely
         | be either somewhere in Asia (invasion of Taiwan) or Russia
         | (which is moving enough troops to the Ukrainian border to run
         | an actual _blitzkrieg_ style invasion [2]).
         | 
         | [1] https://nymag.com/intelligencer/2018/04/anchors-reciting-
         | sin...
         | 
         | [2] https://www.euronews.com/2021/11/24/russia-s-military-
         | build-...
        
       | Havoc wrote:
       | Happened to be reading a photo essay about delivery drivers [0]
       | today and was struck by how intensely vulnerable the workers are.
       | e.g. Saying he knows 5 people that died and non that have filed
       | insurance claims. i.e. They're not even bothering with the shiny
       | "support" processes the companies put in place. Sure that is in a
       | dangerous country, but still says a lot about the people that are
       | (by necessity) attracted to these jobs.
       | 
       | It's not just the algo angle...the entire system isn't fit for
       | purpose.
       | 
       | [0] https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/dec/13/ghost-
       | riders-t...
        
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