[HN Gopher] "Open source" is not broken
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       "Open source" is not broken
        
       Author : BrainBuzzer
       Score  : 229 points
       Date   : 2021-12-12 14:42 UTC (8 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (nadh.in)
 (TXT) w3m dump (nadh.in)
        
       | squarefoot wrote:
       | The problem is not in Open Source itself but in the environment
       | it lives in.
       | 
       | So many big corporations benefit from FOSS without giving
       | anything in return? Well, then tax them. I mean lightly, say take
       | .01% of the biggest 100 annual profit, then distribute part of it
       | to the 100 more important FOSS projects and part to other FOSS
       | projects whose developers are either unemployed or in financial
       | difficulties, important projects with too few or no maintainers,
       | that is, where it is necessary. It doesn't seem that hard to me,
       | but I'm sure neither FAANG nor any other giants would take this
       | step if it doesn't become law somehow. To become law, however, it
       | may need some changes in our definition of healthy capitalism,
       | which to me is the hardest part.
        
       | jollybean wrote:
       | The problem is Free as in Beer and Free as in Speech are related.
       | 
       | The issue is not $1 downloads so much at is the overhead, pain
       | and issues that come along with it.
       | 
       | It's hard to manage and control downloads, usage, and the legal
       | issue might be that any hint of licensing problem makes it 'no
       | go' from a corporate perspective.
       | 
       | So the gap between 'Free Beer and Speech' and 50-cent Beer and
       | Speech is enormous.
        
         | sneak wrote:
         | If it's free as in freedom then the first downloader to pay $1
         | can just mirror it and allow free downloads.
         | 
         | Free as in freedom always necessarily denotes free as in beer
         | as well. It's not an accident or side effect.
        
           | progval wrote:
           | But the mirror may be less convenient. This works for OsmAnd+
           | for example: it's FOSS, free (as in beer) on FDroid, but
           | costs 25$ on Google Play.
        
             | sneak wrote:
             | Yeah, the Blink ssh/mosh client for iOS is GPL3 but costs
             | $19.99 in the App Store. I'm about to pay someone with a
             | developer account a few hundred bucks just to publish a
             | free renamed build of it to the App Store, because that's
             | ridiculous.
             | 
             | https://blink.sh/
             | 
             | https://github.com/blinksh/blink
             | 
             | https://apps.apple.com/app/id1156707581
        
               | jollybean wrote:
               | I think you're missing the point here.
               | 
               | People's time is valuable, especially expert developers.
               | 
               | The 'Code' only part of the issue with respect to input
               | cost. Someone has to maintain that dev. account, maintain
               | their skills, stay on top of distribution policies,
               | probably take on some legal risk, keep the build kind of
               | up to day.
               | 
               | That takes skill. We mostly want it that way so that
               | distribution is clean and clear and reasonable for those
               | involved.
               | 
               | If it's a niche product, then $20 is not going to add up
               | to a lot of money.
               | 
               | If it's a professional product, then $20 is basically $0
               | for all intents and purposes, it's the cost of a stapler
               | on which case cost should not be a problem.
               | 
               | The AppStore is generally an open market, if $20 price is
               | too high and someone is raking in big profits, someone
               | can publish the same thing.
               | 
               | In the end, what we want to achieve is a price point that
               | matches the material value creation involved in the
               | 'maintenance of the build and distribution aspects'.
               | 
               | That's actually efficient, and what we want.
               | 
               | There's no such thing as 'free' - it's all time and
               | labour and there are number of issues involved.
               | 
               | FOSS should be considered 'volunteer labour' which makes
               | the underlying costs more apparent, the code and
               | licensing is a distraction from that.
        
               | sneak wrote:
               | That $20 doesn't go to the dev. It goes to Apple, and, in
               | the USA, requires doxxing yourself to the vendor to get a
               | copy of free-as-in-freedom software.
               | 
               | That's unacceptable and repugnant, and it doesn't have
               | any bearing on the volunteer labor.
               | 
               | There _is_ such a thing that 's free: free software. It
               | was produced with volunteer labor (but doesn't have to be
               | - look at golang!), but the end result/product is free-
               | as-in-freedom and free-as-in-beer.
               | 
               | > _what we want to achieve is a price point that matches
               | the material value creation involved in the 'maintenance
               | of the build and distribution aspects'._
               | 
               | No, what I want to achieve with this free software is
               | that anyone be able to access it without barriers
               | whatsoever, including payment.
        
               | jollybean wrote:
               | You're not grasping the part where there is material work
               | and labour in most parts of the value chain including
               | maintenance, inspection, and distribution of builds.
               | 
               | Only 15% of that $20 goes to Apple - while that may be a
               | few points to high, it's not egregious.
               | 
               | The rest of that money goes to the person responsible for
               | maintaining the build, which is 'work'.
               | 
               | "That's unacceptable and repugnant, "
               | 
               | This is a completely naive view, tantamount to saying
               | 'People should work for me, for free, because I said so,
               | and it's repugnant for them not to!'.
               | 
               | "what I want to achieve with this free software is that
               | anyone be able to access it without barriers whatsoever,
               | including payment. "
               | 
               | For 'source code' - this is already possible, because
               | 'source code' can fairly easily be provided 'for free'.
               | 
               | But a maintained and up-to-date build, for specific
               | platforms, with all of the unavoidable regulatory
               | overhead - has cost.
               | 
               | If you want that to be 'free' - again you're expecting
               | someone to labour for you.
               | 
               | There's an easy answer to this -> it's $20 on the App
               | Store.
               | 
               | If you want to do free labour and make it free, you can
               | do that.
               | 
               | But otherwise this 'moral indignation' and 'repugnance'
               | at people who are unwilling to labour for you, for free,
               | is a problem.
        
       | throwaway984393 wrote:
       | Nerd Sniping is HN's official sport at this point
        
       | assbuttbuttass wrote:
       | > Whose fault is it then? I believe that it is the society's
       | fault, the system's fault, no matter how abstract or vague that
       | sounds.
       | 
       | I find it interesting that the author wasn't willing to call out
       | Capitalism by name.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | roca wrote:
       | Blaming "society" is a nothingburger. It doesn't point towards
       | any solution. Ditto "capitalism" (although the OP doesn't go
       | there) --- people pursue desires and respond to incentives; you
       | can call those effects "capitalism" if you like but you'll
       | struggle with them under any kind of economic arrangements.
       | 
       | My self-diagnosis as an unpaid open source maintainer (rr) is
       | that we like to share, the marginal cost of sharing with
       | potentially everyone is close to zero (at least early in a
       | project), so throwing code on Github with a liberal license feels
       | good. It also benefits the project to some extent because some
       | improvements may come back. But then we see rr creating huge
       | value for people, some of whom are very well paid for their work,
       | and none of that is coming back to us, and that seems unfair even
       | though we did technically agree to it --- sure, you don't have to
       | give back, but it would be the _nice_ thing to do. But in
       | software it 's very easy to extract a ton of value from
       | dependencies without really noticing, and very hard to give back
       | systematically. So it's the same old story --- perfectly good
       | human instincts aren't a 100% fit for our modern environment.
       | 
       | What if we made it easier to identify the value we're all
       | extracting and contribute back systematically? If we did, maybe
       | we could build social norms around that. E.g. imagine we had
       | tools that monitor your software development workflow, identify
       | the tools and libraries you use, and quantify your usage via some
       | heuristics. Then imagine you integrate something like Github
       | Sponsors so you can allocate $X to support all your dependencies
       | and make that happen at the press of a button. Then imagine we
       | advocate for professional software developers to allocate 1% of
       | their income that way, and agitate for Big Tech companies to make
       | that a policy.
        
       | Starlevel001 wrote:
       | The most obvious sign that "Open source" is broken is that
       | everyone uses that term and not Free Software.
        
         | bityard wrote:
         | "Free Software" generally refers specifically to GPL-licensed
         | software, which one of many popular "open source" licenses.
         | (GNU claims that their use of the word "Free" refers to
         | freedom, not price.)
         | 
         | This (IMO, weird) debate seems to be around all kinds of open
         | source projects.
        
         | carapace wrote:
         | You zing, but there's a grain of truth there, isn't it?
         | 
         | "Free" software began when RMS wanted to fix his printer and
         | got locked out by Xerox. "Open" software was an attempt to woo
         | business to use free software but (arguably) threw the baby out
         | with the bathwater by eliminating the "virality" of the GPL et.
         | al., which was kind of the whole point (of "Free" ethos.)
         | 
         | The whole Free vs. Open issue is effectively moot anyway since
         | everybody uses proprietary closed systems. Even the FOSS folks
         | use GitHub.
        
       | mraza007 wrote:
       | I have huge respect for Open Source Devs.
       | 
       | Developer Ecosystem wouldn't be same without them. I truly
       | appreciate their efforts to make amazing software in there free
       | time and it means a lot to me.
       | 
       | As a developer I owe a lot to open source thats why If I can't
       | contribute to their software I always try to personally thank
       | them when using their software.
        
       | betwixthewires wrote:
       | > While I believe that it is unethical for large for-profit
       | corporations to not support FOSS projects from which they derive
       | (extract?) immense amounts of value, it is not illegal, thanks to
       | the system.
       | 
       | While I very much agree with the article on it's core topic, this
       | is incorrect. It is not illegal _thanks to the license._ The FOSS
       | world created the licenses, it is made legal _by choice_ , it
       | isn't due to the system. "The system" very much allows for this
       | problem to be entirely avoided.
       | 
       | If you're happy making free software but you don't want anyone to
       | profit from your work without cutting you in on the success you
       | contribute to, consider a dual license. Maybe the free software
       | world should consider addressing this problem in some license
       | scheme, a couple of options being royalties paid if the software
       | is used in profit generating endeavors, or even something more
       | restrictive, like requiring all derivative works and works being
       | supported by licensed software to release their source as well.
       | Imagine if Android were licensed in this way, google would not
       | get to marry proprietary crap to it, as just one example.
        
       | jbirer wrote:
       | My philosophy (albeit it might not be shared by many) is that if
       | you are going to do a job, either do it well and all the way
       | through or don't do it. I see many half-assed (for the lack of a
       | better term) open source jobs where the developers do not respond
       | to criticism and feedback in other words than "you should be
       | grateful we did X and Y after all", with an air of arrogance and
       | saintliness for even doing anything. I would analogize it with me
       | going to a charity and giving them my food leftovers and getting
       | mad when they do not like it.
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | icambron wrote:
       | I don't think OSS is broken either, but I don't get the complaint
       | here. People and companies use things because it's advantageous
       | to them to do so. When you release software that's free (as in
       | beer), people and companies are going to use it for free. It
       | doesn't matter whether it's "hypercapitalism" or not. You simply
       | can't eschew all of the systems available for extracting value
       | from your labor and then complain that you're unable to extract
       | value from your labor.
       | 
       | In particular, this doesn't make any sense:
       | 
       | > While I believe that it is unethical for large for-profit
       | corporations to not support FOSS projects from which they derive
       | (extract?) immense amounts of value, it is not illegal, thanks to
       | the system.
       | 
       | It's been made specifically, intensionally legal by the people
       | creating it. So of course it's legal, and it's weird to say, "I
       | went out of my way to make this free, but it's unethical for you
       | to actually use it for free".
       | 
       | In capitalism, you have the right to set your own price for your
       | labor and property, and there are lots of mechanisms for charging
       | people for stuff. That's what all these software vendors are
       | doing! In contrast, the MIT and Apache licenses say "I made this
       | but do whatever you want". We choose this license when making
       | things because we want everyone to do what they want. We can't be
       | angry when they do.
        
       | rob_c wrote:
       | Note to author you're arguing with a bronie, so not exactly a
       | cognitively unbiased crowd...
       | 
       | But seriously, this is that businesses are broken and grab a free
       | thing and use it. If businesses were gassing employees because
       | they got free ammonia to clean their buildings we wouldn't be
       | blaming the ammonia producers.
       | 
       | Please, stop blaming tools for the axe wielding by morons users.
       | I'd say educate the users, but we all know thats not gonna change
       | any time soon...
        
       | mcguire wrote:
       | As an anecdote, all of my work on open source (and I've been
       | working on and with open source software for the better part of
       | 30 years) has been because I had something that needed to be done
       | and writing, adapting, or fixing open source packages was the
       | fastest, easiest, and cheapest way of doing that.
       | 
       | My employers paid me to _get things done,_ not to write software.
       | Writing, adapting, or fixing software is the means, not the end.
        
       | IceDane wrote:
       | Did this guy really just write a rebuttal to an article that he
       | didn't bother to read well enough to understand?
       | 
       | They are literally arguing the same things. The article he is
       | arguing against is not trying to shit on open source. It's trying
       | to explain how insane it is that so much open source development
       | is so critical but so massively underfunded.
       | 
       | The original article isn't saying that the idea of open source is
       | fundamentally broken. It's the consumers of open source software
       | whose morals are fundamentally broken.
       | 
       | Please, for the love of all that is holy, just spend like 5 extra
       | minutes reading what you are arguing against next time. This is
       | so embarrassing that I'm feeling the second-hand embarrassment.
        
       | api wrote:
       | FOSS is the victim in a way, but that means it must defend
       | itself. OSI needs to get off their asses and acknowledge the
       | problem and work with the community to develop licenses that
       | limit SaaSification and other forms of appropriation in a way
       | that is compatible with the principles of open source and lacks
       | the optics (FUD) problems of the GPL approach.
       | 
       | I'm not holding my breath since the OSI is funded almost entirely
       | by huge companies that are quite happy with all the free labor
       | they are exploiting. So far the OSI has plugged it's ears and
       | pretended everything is fine, and OSS zealots attack the
       | character of any lowly developer who isn't happy providing
       | uncompensated labor to surveillance capitalist behemoths.
       | 
       | I don't see FOSS surviving another generation if this doesn't
       | happen, or at least not in a form that isn't weaponized to herd
       | everyone into proprietary cloud environments.
        
         | jefftk wrote:
         | _> OSI needs to get off their asses and acknowledge the problem
         | and work with the community to develop licenses that limit
         | SaaSification and other forms of appropriation in a way that is
         | compatible with the principles of open source and lacks the
         | optics (FUD) problems of the GPL approach._
         | 
         | I'm confused about what you want here. The GPL does not deal
         | with SaaSification; for that you need the AGPL. But what
         | problem do you have with the AGPL?
        
           | lomereiter wrote:
           | AGPL doesn't prevent running unmodified software and offering
           | it as a service by large vendors. See the controversy around
           | SSPL and the recent ElasticSearch fork by AWS - I suggest
           | reading Kyle Mitchell's take on this:
           | https://writing.kemitchell.com/2021/01/20/Righteous-
           | Expedien...
           | 
           | That said, I believe SSPL is an overkill, and what's needed
           | for a less known SaaS product is a legally enforceable
           | revenue-sharing mechanism - so it can benefit from being
           | listed on popular platforms.
        
         | hardwaresofton wrote:
         | There's another option -- those seeking to SaaSify F/OSS can
         | support/partner the software they use. Sustainable hosting
         | isn't something that larger corporations are into, but the
         | right companies can do it, and as companies that have this
         | mindset/condition built in (best if in writing, of course)
         | grow, F/OSS becomes more sustainable by default. All it takes
         | is a reasonable % of revenue contribution to the F/OSS powering
         | your stack. I think the range should be 20% to 50%[0], but even
         | if it was 10%, imagine if open source projects that power even
         | small to mid size tech companies in the world received 10% (or
         | even 3%) of the revenue being collected?
         | 
         | The problem of getting the money down to F/OSS that powers
         | inner machinery (libraries, frameworks, etc) is a bit tougher,
         | but I think that could work out easily by doing a general % of
         | revenue and deciding allocation. For example even if you do a
         | 1% allocation to libraries in particular, as libraries are
         | reused much more easily, at scale library authors will do quite
         | well.
         | 
         | Maybe a license that asks for a % of revenue is an easier
         | static goal but I'm optimistic enough to think that the
         | partnership approach could work.
         | 
         | [0]: https://nimbusws.com/#sustainability
        
           | nixpulvis wrote:
           | It becomes far too tempting for them to break the abstraction
           | barrier though. Just look at the AWS offerings divergence
           | from the originals. Some companies are big enough to fund
           | multiple competitors at the same time, which is about the
           | best thing I can think to do here.
        
         | WJW wrote:
         | I still don't see why this means FOSS is a "victim in a way".
         | If you don't want people to take what you put online for free,
         | don't post it online with a notice saying "you can take this
         | for free".
        
         | judge2020 wrote:
         | This would be solved if people were educated on dual-licensing
         | - no new license needs to exist if you go GPL and have a paid
         | commercial license.
        
           | yjftsjthsd-h wrote:
           | Probably AGPL if SaaS is a concern.
        
         | nixpulvis wrote:
         | I feel highly unsettled at work anytime anyone trys to explain
         | how to do something, which should be a simple local command,
         | with a multitude of tangled services, each of which I need to
         | request access to. My manager is obviously more than happy to
         | help, but this friction is killing my motivation and atonomy.
         | 
         | The fact this is how we're starting to develop software also
         | helps me understnad why, as a user, all my shit's jenky as
         | hell.
         | 
         | OSS (to me) was supposed to allow us to bridge the gap between
         | developers and users, making code easy enough to tweak that
         | when a problem or unwanted behaviour comes up you can just fix
         | it yourself. But it's getting harder and harder to see this
         | dream anymore. There are a lot of nooks and crannies in OSS
         | though, and I know there are still plenty of places where this
         | dream _is_ still very much alive. It 's just become less and
         | less mainstream, sadly.
        
         | jfengel wrote:
         | I'm not sure what there is to solve. The problem of giving
         | stuff away is obvious; it's the first thing people ask when
         | they hear about Free Software. The free software philosophy is
         | that people do it anyway, for reasons of their own. Of course
         | they are taken advantage of.
         | 
         | I don't think there is a solution, short of radically
         | restructuring the entire world economy. The fundamental problem
         | is people being people.
         | 
         | I don't know what software will look like in a generation. I
         | suspect it will be radically different, but that's just my
         | guess. But I suspect open source will trundle along as the
         | rickety, half-assed philosophy that has worked (more or less)
         | so far.
        
       | sidlls wrote:
       | Open source is most certainly broken, and not just due to the
       | various financial, freedom and security issues these two articles
       | focus on. My biggest peeve: documentation is often minimal (e.g.
       | API docs only) or filled with useless toy examples that are
       | effectively just rephrasing of API docs.
       | 
       | The entire underpinning of free and open source software is
       | silly: software in this context isn't an academic pursuit
       | producing knowledge that should be freely shared to our
       | collective advancement as a civilization. It's a hammer, a
       | wrench, a table: in short, a product. That fundamental category
       | error made by our community is the source of all the problems
       | with F/OSS, financial and otherwise.
        
         | carapace wrote:
         | You're describing two legitimate worlds, the Ivory Tower and
         | the Marketplace, let's call them for short, but I don't think
         | the error is conflating them. I think the error(s) arise in the
         | _intersection_ between the two realms. The Internet was
         | a-commercial or even anti-commercial at first (having gestated
         | in the Ivory Tower) and retrofitting it for commerce and
         | industry has been, um, a wild ride. Kind of a gold rush.
         | 
         | Copying and running code is (effectively) free, developing,
         | maintaining, and auditing code is still expensive. Folks who
         | want to use software without paying the costs get what they pay
         | for, eh?
         | 
         | I feel that if there's anything the community is doing wrong,
         | it's in the emphasis on new and shiny rather than mature and
         | stable. I feel we should be entering a "contractile" stage of
         | (global IT) development, with consolidation and convergence of
         | software and hardware replacing the wild burgeoning and rampant
         | growth of complexity.
         | 
         | "Like, complexity is an existential threat, man..."
        
         | throwaway984393 wrote:
         | You know, one of those terrible aspects of open source is that
         | if you see a lack of documentation, _you can just contribute it
         | yourself_. Good luck contributing new docs to literally any
         | proprietary product.
        
         | watwut wrote:
         | Wait till you read documentation commercial projects have. Our
         | one is super quick to read, as we don't document at all.
        
         | haukem wrote:
         | Writing documentation is boring, adding new features is more
         | fun to do.
         | 
         | Someone working on open source to have fun is more likely to
         | invest their time in more features instead of better
         | documentation.
         | 
         | Here companies or users like you could step in and contribute
         | better documentation or pay the original authors to improve the
         | documentation.
        
           | sidlls wrote:
           | Why on earth would I labor for free on someone's vanity
           | project, no matter what utility it provides otherwise? And
           | why would a company pay a person who has already shown he or
           | she does not value their own labor in that way?
        
             | bityard wrote:
             | You want good documentation from an (ostensibly
             | hypothetical) piece of open source software that you use.
             | But you will neither pay for nor contribute better
             | documentation.
             | 
             | You see where the problem is, right? I'll give you a hint,
             | it's not the developer...
        
               | sidlls wrote:
               | No, it absolutely is the fault of the developer, both for
               | poor practice of the craft and for contributing to a
               | toxic, exploitative labor environment by giving away his
               | work for free.
        
               | varajelle wrote:
               | You don't have to use his project then.
               | 
               | Is someone release code because he liked to code but
               | don't write any docs because that's boring, that's
               | perfectly fine. No abuse there. The abuse is when you
               | requests docs for free.
        
         | loic-sharma wrote:
         | I agree with what you say, but FYI docs is one of the easiest
         | yet most valuable thing a person can contribute. As a
         | maintainer, I wish I had more feedback and contributions to the
         | docs!
        
           | rdpintqogeogsaa wrote:
           | As someone who wrote large parts of the docs for a project:
           | The reason that I imagine few people do it is because if you
           | get involved with the documentation, you _will_ be on the
           | hook for tracking the library closely and keeping the
           | documentation up to date; there will be an implicit, external
           | pressure that the documentation continues working.
           | 
           | That becomes a lot of work very quickly, so I tend to only
           | get involved in libraries that will quickly hit some kind of
           | stable maintenance mode or in which I have personal stake and
           | thus just need to polish up my own notes for how to get off
           | the ground.
        
             | danenania wrote:
             | Updating docs should be part of the responsibility of
             | adding a new feature, just like adding tests and making
             | sure no existing tests are failing.
        
         | cpitman wrote:
         | This implies that the issue is due to being open source. The
         | majority of closed source software, especially in house
         | software, has minimal or nonexistent documentation. If there is
         | any, it was likely done once at the start of the project and
         | never updated since.
         | 
         | I've been a consultant for over 10 years. I always make sure to
         | ask for access to any documentation for systems I'll be working
         | on. I think I've gotten significant (out of date) documentation
         | maybe once. This isn't an issue stemming from being open
         | source.
        
       | candiddevmike wrote:
       | I recently looked into open sourcing Homechart
       | (https://homechart.app). It's free to use already (for self
       | hosting), but some users wanted it to be open source (almost
       | entirely for auditing purposes, but I doubt they'd even read the
       | code). I don't want anyone using it for commercial purposes, and
       | I found a few licenses that would prevent this-- namely Commons
       | Clause, but at the end of the day I didn't see a benefit to
       | having it OSS aside from appeasing some OSS purists. The app is
       | already free, and I don't need the added burden of responding to
       | issues and pull requests (and supporting the code they add).
       | 
       | EDIT: I also don't want folks redistributing custom builds or
       | effectively reselling it somehow. I'm a solo dev, I don't have
       | the resources to litigate and enforce any kind of restrictive
       | license.
        
         | dharmab wrote:
         | On Android, the potential downside (companies stealing your app
         | under alternate names, bundling adware/malware, and even
         | issuing fraudulent takedowns) outweigh the upsides.
         | 
         | Consider allowing some trusted users in your community
         | audit/demo access? The developer of the AetherSX2 emulator for
         | Android worked with the PCSX2 team (Open Source parent
         | software) and YouTubers/other established media in the
         | emulation community to verify their claimed improvements and
         | reputation. https://pcsx2.net/301-aethersx2-pcsx2-mobile.html
        
           | ratww wrote:
           | _> On Android, the potential downside (companies stealing
           | your app under alternate names, bundling adware /malware, and
           | even issuing fraudulent takedowns) outweigh the upsides._
           | 
           | I don't have/use Android, so no dog in this fight, but I can
           | say these things happen in pretty much every other non-niche
           | platform: iOS, Windows, Mac. I've even had people cloning a
           | VS Code extension I did.
        
           | candiddevmike wrote:
           | That seems like a good compromise. I thought about looking
           | for third party attestation services, but it would be a point
           | in time snapshot and probably prohibitively expensive.
           | 
           | At the end of the day, the code is written in Go (highly
           | reduced attack surface), doesn't need to be exposed to the
           | internet (works fine locally or over a VPN), and functions
           | perfectly fine with outbound internet access blocked (no
           | phoning home or tracking). I built it the way I want self
           | hosted software to work.
        
           | EMIRELADERO wrote:
           | Somewhat of a hot take here, but why is this even a problem?
           | Why would shitty clones with malware existing somehow damage
           | the original app? Every open source app on Android has these
           | problems, but they don't seem to affect the app's existance
           | or reputation. And in the case of AetherSX2, the benefits of
           | a transparent, community-driven mobile emulator certainly
           | outweight any risks it may have. The point is not to prevent
           | these things from happening, the point is to have enough
           | people sbowing support and contributions for your software
           | that the clones with malware become something just _not worth
           | it to even care about_.
        
             | oefrha wrote:
             | > Why would shitty clones with malware existing somehow
             | damage the original app?
             | 
             | Best case, you get angry emails. Hell, Daniel Stenberg of
             | curl fame got "I will slaughter you" because someone
             | bundled libcurl and included a copyright notice.[1]
             | 
             | Worst case, certain scammers are very good at pretending to
             | the the real thing.
             | 
             | [1] https://daniel.haxx.se/blog/2021/02/19/i-will-
             | slaughter-you/
        
         | oefrha wrote:
         | > I don't need the added burden of responding to issues and
         | pull requests (and supporting the code they add).
         | 
         | I just state clearly in README that certain projects of mine
         | are open source but not open contribution. This way people can
         | follow development and modify things to their liking if they
         | want to, but I don't need to hear from them.
         | 
         | Of course don't do it if you don't want to see others repackage
         | your stuff.
        
         | progval wrote:
         | > I don't need the added burden of responding to issues and
         | pull requests
         | 
         | You don't have to. open sourcing does not mean putting it on
         | Github with an open bug tracker, you could simply offer tarball
         | downloads, mention you don't support it, and ignore any email
         | about it.
        
           | gjsman-1000 wrote:
           | This is actually how Apple does some of their open-source
           | projects.
           | 
           | For example, the XNU kernel at the heart of macOS is open
           | source, along with some of its kernel extensions. Apple isn't
           | interested in having other people work on it though or having
           | their commit history unveil vulnerabilities, so they just
           | squash all the commits into one and release the tarball for
           | every new macOS version.
           | 
           | Open-source kernel? Check.
        
           | eminence32 wrote:
           | Or host it on gitlab, which lets you entirely disable
           | forking, merge requests, and the issue tracker
        
             | blondin wrote:
             | why gitlab? host it on github, just don't make the repo
             | public!
             | 
             | but yeah this thread is correct about the burden of issue
             | tracking and pull requests management.
        
             | rightbyte wrote:
             | > disable forking
             | 
             | That seems mean?
        
               | wongarsu wrote:
               | You can always clone the repo, change the git remote to a
               | newly created one and upload there. You get a perfect
               | copy, just that it isn't recognized as a fork, thus you
               | can't make pull requests (you can still merge changes via
               | the Git cli as always)
        
         | InitialBP wrote:
         | When you say "Audit" do you mean in terms of security?
         | 
         | I was a penetration tester for a while and it was quite common
         | for my clients to have customers who requested a security audit
         | of their product. We would conduct the assessment and provide
         | them with a letter that basically says we did an audit and we
         | found x number of crit/high/med/low issues and then did a
         | retest to verify that client fixed x number of
         | crit/high/med/low issues. Might be worth a shot!
         | 
         | I know Mozilla has also done some similar stuff, but they
         | normally release the entirety of the report.
         | https://blog.mozilla.org/security/files/2021/08/FVP-02-repor...
        
         | yjftsjthsd-h wrote:
         | If you want to allow audits but don't care about Open Source,
         | just do a source available / shared source license like
         | tarsnap.
        
           | candiddevmike wrote:
           | Sure, but then I can't prevent forks or folks distributing
           | custom builds unless I start doing DRM notices and
           | litigation. It's infinitely easier to keep it closed source.
        
             | yjftsjthsd-h wrote:
             | Legally you can, and practically do you really think people
             | can't reverse engineer your stuff if they want?
             | Alternatively: it sounded like you just didn't want to
             | support it or deal with pull requests; do you _care_ about
             | unofficial unsupported builds?
             | 
             | Edit: And yes, just distributing binaries and not worrying
             | is the least work; I just wanted to point out that you
             | _can_ have it both ways if you ignore  "Open Source".
        
               | KronisLV wrote:
               | > Legally you can...
               | 
               | Sure, up until the point where you run into people in
               | countries like China ripping off your products and get
               | stonewalled in any attempts at IP enforcement.
               | Alternatively, are you sure that you can really afford
               | the legal expenses of pursuing such enforcement?
               | 
               | I've seen enough stories of indie game developers having
               | their games be stolen an re-uploaded under a different
               | name to know that this is a problem that shouldn't be
               | overlooked, though obviously it's worse in some
               | industries than others.
               | 
               | > ...and practically do you really think people can't
               | reverse engineer your stuff if they want?
               | 
               | No, most people cannot, and that's the extent to which it
               | remains a good point.
               | 
               | You don't lock your door because you're worried about the
               | one person who knows how to pick it out of a thousand,
               | you lock your door to deter the rest 999 people who would
               | go through it if it were not locked.
               | 
               | People talk a lot about obscurity not being security and
               | so on, but to a certain degree it is, just like how
               | changing your SSH port will prevent a number of automated
               | attacks, even if port scanning is trivial otherwise.
        
               | candiddevmike wrote:
               | Yes, I'm trying to build a brand and monetize the app via
               | a SaaS offering for those who don't want to self host and
               | "cloud features" for those who do.
        
               | yjftsjthsd-h wrote:
               | Okay, so it's not "I didn't see a benefit to having it
               | OSS aside from appeasing some OSS purists. The app is
               | already free, and I don't need the added burden of
               | responding to issues and pull requests (and supporting
               | the code they add)." It's "I don't want to open source it
               | at all". Which is fine, just say that instead of bringing
               | up support burden.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | Pulcinella wrote:
         | Yeah I think the developer of the Apollo Reddit app open
         | sourced the app in the beginning so people could audit it and
         | it led to some people immediately cloning it and trying to sell
         | it for money.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | NtGuy25 wrote:
         | So firstly, the people asking you to open source so they can
         | "Audit" are dumb. Your app is android, android is EXTREMELY
         | easy to audit and decompile. Especially with no obfuscation
         | during compiletime. Things like Android and .Net you can almost
         | literally dump the sourcecode for the app automatically, to the
         | point is basically compiles out of the box. Especially .Net.
         | 
         | What I would recommend if you release an executable using
         | native code. You should look into distributing debugging
         | symbols. The private symbols contain function names, sometimes
         | variable names, and all library calls, but not the source code.
         | This means auditing is extremely easy, but stealing it is a bit
         | hard. It also lets them run your stuff under a debugger
         | extremely easy or make patches through instrumentation.
        
         | ploxiln wrote:
         | There are always going to be some people asking for more. Your
         | app is not open-source and you already have that. Don't open-
         | source it if you don't want to, or don't allow issues/requests
         | for the open-source version if you don't want to.
         | 
         | Understand that some people will avoid your app and look for
         | something that is open-source, for various reasons. So they can
         | be confident they'll never have to pay, so they can
         | theoretically fix bugs and port to newer platforms if they need
         | to, so they can be confident there is no underhanded reporting
         | or remote-control in the software, whatever. When looking for
         | something, I value and prefer open-source alternatives, myself.
         | 
         | But that's not everyone, and that's fine. You don't have to
         | open-source your app.
        
           | candiddevmike wrote:
           | How would you feel about an "open source contingency", i.e.
           | this will never be abandoned, it will be open sourced instead
           | etc? I think I could add it to the ToS, but it would be nice
           | to have some kind of trust/foundation or something setup as
           | "proof" etc.
        
       | preommr wrote:
       | I feel like this is more an issue of people talking past each
       | other rather than having actual differences in opinion.
        
       | rhdxmr wrote:
       | Oh my goodness.. if open source had not existed in the world, the
       | world must not be as good as today. The world w/o OSS must fall
       | behind the world w/ OSS.
       | 
       | If open source is broken, it must be repaired.
       | 
       | I have contributed to OSS for over 2 years and it makes me feel
       | fun and feel a sense of achievement. And I feel so grateful
       | towards who had contributed to open source and had cultivated
       | open source culture. I received help a lot from OSS and lots of
       | open knowledge from the internet. And now I want to give it back
       | to open source culture and I think I am making the world better a
       | little bit.
        
       | tptacek wrote:
       | It seems like both sides of this supposed debate are saying
       | precisely the same thing, with one side ("how dare we suggest
       | anything is wrong wth open source") taking umbrage for no
       | apparent reason. The premise of "both" arguments is that open
       | source maintainers are being exploited.
        
         | indymike wrote:
         | > The premise of "both" arguments is that open source
         | maintainers are being exploited.
         | 
         | A lot of the business models that are exploiting OSS and OSS
         | maintainers are very much parasitic. I think industry needs to
         | be reminded that the first rule of being a parasite is "don't
         | kill the host." That is what is happening as companies monetize
         | open source and then don't support the team creating and
         | maintaining the software they are exploiting.
        
         | ghaff wrote:
         | Except they're mostly not. While it's not hard to find
         | exceptions most of the maintainers and other coder associated
         | with major open source projects are being paid by companies to
         | do so.
        
           | haukem wrote:
           | This really depends on the project. Many people just do it in
           | their spare time and have a normal software engineer or
           | similar role working on proprietary software using open
           | source. Some are still at university and studying. Some are
           | contracting and probably also get some new customers thorough
           | their open source work.
           | 
           | I do not have real data, but I assume that more than 50% of
           | the effort invested in open source is not directly paid by a
           | company. For the Linux kernel 20% to 30% of the commits come
           | from people doing it as a hobby, the Linux kernel is
           | supported very well by big cooperations.
        
             | ghaff wrote:
             | You're right. It really does vary.
             | 
             | However, in the case of the Linux kernel just about 8% were
             | unpaid as of five years ago.
             | https://thenewstack.io/contributes-linux-kernel/
             | 
             | I assume that projects like Kubernetes and OpenStack are
             | similar.
             | 
             | Obviously many smaller projects are largely developed by
             | people on their own time. I expect this also applies
             | languages and things like that which aren't largely
             | corporate efforts like Go and Rust are.
        
             | watwut wrote:
             | Majority of people responding to FOSS studies is paid by
             | companies. It is biased toward Linux related open source
             | projects a bit.
             | 
             | The thing is, while there are maintenaners of important
             | projects working for free, the idea that most of major open
             | source development is for free is mostly mythology. Large
             | projects are backed by companies.
        
         | rikroots wrote:
         | I don't feel particularly exploited - but then my OS library is
         | not particularly popular (or widely used). I suppose if the
         | library did become popular and some $MegaCorp built a cash
         | printing product on top of it I could add some code to the
         | library to print disparaging remarks about $MegaCorp practices
         | in the CLI (or whatever).
         | 
         | Then again, I also give my poetry and my (2 completed) novels
         | away for free. I'm not the greatest Poster Child for the
         | Capitalist cause.
        
         | brabel wrote:
         | I don't think anyone is being exploited. The work you do for
         | free, and publish online with a permissive license, was meant
         | to be "exploited" by anyone, that's what OSS means. Everyone
         | knows that. We still spend time doing it because of, as the
         | author of the blog post correctly mentions, several different,
         | personal reasons.
         | 
         | I publish all my hobby projects on GitHub. I have zero
         | expectation to ever get paid for it, even though I know some
         | big companies have used libraries I've written. I am not sure I
         | even want to get paid, as that would increase my accountability
         | a lot!
         | 
         | Do I feel exploited?? Not at all. No one asked me to do it. I
         | do it because I like contributing my knowledge and I hope it
         | will benefit someone doing good work some time... even if most
         | beneficiaries are indeed greed, for-profit organizations. I
         | also use heaps of "free" products by these same greedy
         | companies... my website is hosted entirely free (with HTTPS and
         | everything) by Netlify... I also have several project websites
         | on GitHub Pages (free), run my CI on GitHub , TravisCI and,
         | AppVeyor and CircleCI (all completely free), write some code on
         | IntelliJ (Jetbrains), emacs (ok, this one is not from big co.)
         | and VSCode (big bad MSFT) which are all totally free to use.
         | 
         | My browser is also completely free, thanks to Mozilla!
         | 
         | Sure, they use lots and lots of OSS, but without those, these
         | products might never have existed as the cost to create them
         | from scratch or by paying every single OSS library for use
         | would have been prohibitive.
         | 
         | So, I agree with OP, OSS is working just fine.
        
         | jancsika wrote:
         | There aren't merely two sides of a "supposed" debate. There are
         | at least two sides of a bona fide debate. And you could not
         | possibly have missed one of the sides because its argument was
         | copy-pasted dozens of times on the other post.
         | 
         | The dozens of copy-pasted comments left by mbrodersen on the
         | other post can only be interpreted to be against the claim that
         | companies are exploiting open source maintainers here. Under
         | this argument that was copy-pasted dozens of times, companies
         | paying exactly $0 for software set at $0 are behaving in a
         | natural and predictable manner within "the marketplace." It's
         | an unambiguous argument. It's impossible to miss because it was
         | copy-pasted dozens of times.
         | 
         | Now, I didn't notice the dozens of copy-pasted mbroderson
         | comments being flagged or downvoted. Nor did I notice dang
         | explaining to mbroderson that copy-pasting a low-effort "market
         | mechanics" retort throughout a long thread is against the rules
         | of HN.
         | 
         | And now that argument-- which again, was copy-pasted dozens of
         | times on the other thread-- is in the ether. You cannot merely
         | ignore it and claim that "both sides" are somehow saying the
         | same thing. One side clearly isn't, at least a dozen times,
         | copy-pasted.
         | 
         | So I'm curious what you think about the claim that nobody is
         | exploiting anybody here, because if open source devs want
         | greater than $0 from companies that use their software they
         | should charge greater than $0 to companies that use their
         | software.
         | 
         | I think I stated the claim correctly-- if not perhaps
         | mbroderson can copy-paste the argument here.
        
       | 1970-01-01 wrote:
       | >Whose fault is it then? I believe that it is the society's
       | fault, the system's fault, no matter how abstract or vague that
       | sounds.
       | 
       | C'mon, man! Your argument is that its all society's fault, and
       | FOSS isn't broken! That's the weakest argument I've ever heard
       | for keeping it!
        
       | kklisura wrote:
       | The great thing about open source is that anyone can participate
       | for free and for whatever reason: some for the feeling of giving
       | back, some for creating something useful for others, some like it
       | as challenge, some for the street cred., etc. and most people
       | don't expect to be paid. The idea of paying for OS cannot exist
       | in such environment until everyone is on board with that idea. If
       | you create something and demand to be paid, someone will most
       | definitely create something similar and release it for free.
        
       | sneak wrote:
       | > _FOSS is free as in freedom and not free as in beer (cost)._
       | 
       | Actually, and critically, it is both!
       | 
       | You can't have free as in freedom without being free as in beer
       | first.
        
         | icy wrote:
         | You certainly can. You can charge for the software, _and_
         | release its source under a free license. The user can choose to
         | download the source and build it themselves, or pay for the
         | built software (or the service).
        
         | carapace wrote:
         | You can give away the code (and the right to use it) but still
         | charge for development, maintenance, and auditing.
        
       | commandlinefan wrote:
       | > boast of their "innovation" and "growth" without ...
       | contributing
       | 
       | ... from corporations that don't bat an eye at donating billions
       | to (often dubious) "social" organizations - often ones that
       | criticize them anyway.
        
         | dgreensp wrote:
         | That is pretty funny!
        
         | haukem wrote:
         | The legal and fiance constructs of many open source projects
         | are pretty badly organized. This makes it hard for accounts at
         | big cooperation to handle them. Many open source projects are
         | also pretty bad at marketing to non developers and do not have
         | an aggressive founding campaign.
         | 
         | Some "social" organizations are much better at this and have
         | very good people taking care of marketing and accounting to
         | people who control money.
         | 
         | Most members of open source projects just want to code and not
         | take care of tax exception for donations and filing out the
         | correct tax forms in time.
        
       | mrweasel wrote:
       | It feels like we moved from a world where open source software
       | was develop by a community, to one where most of us are just
       | consumers of the code. I don't know if where actually more
       | contributors 20 years ago, relatively speaking, but much of the
       | code was also less complex.
       | 
       | Open source is still remarkably successful and the only reason
       | why the whole Log4J RCE is such a big deal, is because the
       | library is hugely successful. The failing isn't in the work of
       | the author(s), but those of us who been consuming the code. We
       | don't need to fund the main developers, what we need is for the
       | project, and projects like it, to be true communities. That mean
       | that all the companies who have been relying on open source need
       | to allocate time to community work.
       | 
       | We pay for open source software by helping build it and that goes
       | beyond creating an issue on Github or complaining about missing
       | features and poor documentation. We all part of the open source
       | community, but we seem to have forgotten how it works. Now we
       | believe that we can throw money at the problem, but that still
       | leaves a single developer with the responsibility for a massive
       | code base. OpenBSD was right: "Show us the code or shut up".
        
         | einpoklum wrote:
         | > It feels like we moved from a world where open source
         | software was develop by a community, to one where most of us
         | are just consumers of the code.
         | 
         | Are you sure that's even a contradiction? I mean, if you start
         | with a developer community, and add a lot of people who simply
         | had not been exposed to / using the software, you get to the
         | situation of "most of us being just consumers of the code".
         | 
         | Now, you could argue that communities have been
         | fraying/weakening over the past few decades, but that would be
         | almost an orthogonal argument.
         | 
         | > That mean that all the companies who have been relying on
         | open source need to allocate time to community work.
         | 
         | We need to funnel some social resources into building and
         | maintaining such communities. If companies were to do that,
         | then great, or rather, not great but sort-of-ok. The thing is,
         | they aren't doing it, as they are fundamentally motivated not
         | to: It hurts their profitability (except perhaps for vague
         | extra-long-term concerns). So, it's not useful to say that
         | "companies should do it".
        
           | mrweasel wrote:
           | > So, it's not useful to say that "companies should do it".
           | 
           | Valid point, but so far NO useful solutions have appeared. I
           | don't need log4j, my employer does. So why should I pay the
           | developers? Because that's the only other solution I've seen
           | presented.
        
         | newaccount74 wrote:
         | I think you are absolutely correct. The best way to contribute
         | to Open Source software is to literally contribute to it.
         | 
         | We don't need to turn OS maintainers into service providers
         | that sell support contracts to enterprises.
         | 
         | Enterprises could just contribute to projects in kind, eg. by
         | auditing a library, by fixing a bug, or by writing some docs.
        
       | bshipp wrote:
       | I feel like we should at least reference some companies who "do
       | FOSS right" by releasing internal projects to the ecosystem. in
       | the data science realm, for example, I've made heavy use of
       | Superset and Airflow from Airbnb as well as the Plotly tools
       | (Dash, etc) and numerous others.
       | 
       | In many ways FOSS is thriving and on the cutting edge, and in
       | others (especially project maintenance) it seems to be
       | struggling.
       | 
       | But let's at least recognize some of the good actors in that
       | space.
        
       | jrm4 wrote:
       | The thing is, the answers for this are all here and old. I'm just
       | kind of waiting for people to figure it out.
       | 
       | If you're creating cool stuff and giving it away, great! No
       | obligation.
       | 
       | If, however, you're creating a paid product or service -- there
       | already exists a ton of law and precedent and ideas about
       | obligations. We just need to _remember_ these and start using
       | them again.
       | 
       | These ideas and law generally point to: If you put a product out
       | there, and make claims about what it can and cannot do (either
       | explicitly or implicitly) then you must be held responsible for
       | the harm if people reasonably rely on it and you screw up. That's
       | it. That's the entirety of it.
       | 
       | FOSS is one of your inputs, could be seen as something like
       | gasoline or trucks or whatever. It's your job as a company to
       | handle those safely and make sure they don't goop out and cause
       | harm, and if you don't get this right, you should be sued.
       | 
       | Edit -- and of course, sometimes the companies are too slow to
       | make this happen and so we need regulation. We perhaps need an
       | EPA or FDA for software.
        
       | ChrisMarshallNY wrote:
       | I didn't get that the original article was bashing the _concept_
       | of open source; more like it was bashing the  "on the ground
       | reality" of today's open source.
       | 
       | I think that there's a great deal of "brokenness" in the way that
       | the software development community works, in general. Because OS
       | is so ubiquitous, and because, as the author mentions, so many
       | people make money on it, we think of OS as the problem.
       | 
       | I think the general quality level of software is catastrophically
       | bad, in many instances. This is because people rush to do "big
       | things," and they aren't actually ready to manage these "big
       | things."
       | 
       | One example is overengineered design. This is something that
       | we're all guilty of. Indeed, today, I am in the process of
       | completely rewriting a view controller that I designed, that has
       | that whole "Lucy and the Chocolate Factory"[0] thing going for
       | it. The only solution was to take off, and nuke it from orbit.
       | 
       | When I create an overengineered design, it becomes brittle, and
       | difficult to maintain or extend. What triggered my rewriting
       | this, was because I needed to modify the way that the layout was
       | done, and found it to be a complete bitch to figure out.
       | 
       | Fortunately, I am very experienced, and also wrote the original
       | (messy) code. It would be another matter, entirely, if it was a
       | "black box" dependency. I probably would have avoided modifying
       | the layout, which would have resulted in a much lower quality of
       | UX for my app.
       | 
       | [0] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NkQ58I53mjk
        
       | jack_pp wrote:
       | is it not possible to have a licence that says if you want to use
       | this code to sell a service for a profit you must contact the
       | owner and negociate a deal? this way if you are developing in the
       | open source bubble you get to use software for free. if you want
       | to build a service you get to test the software for free and if
       | your company takes off then you must pay for your foundation.
        
       | gtsop wrote:
       | Re the author of "open source is broken": The irony of bashing
       | open source on a websiate using systems/code/infra containing
       | thousands of open source lines of code which I am sure he hasn't
       | paid for... has probably escaped his attention.
       | 
       | Honestly, I am not sure why there is an argument anymore. Let
       | people write or use free or proprietary software as they see fit.
       | You all know the pros, you all know the cons, make a decision and
       | god's speed, live your life. I side with the free software. You
       | do you.
        
         | Kye wrote:
         | The author would be accused of having no standing to criticize
         | open source if they didn't use it. There is no viable move with
         | the mindset you display here.
        
           | dnautics wrote:
           | no, the author could _have_ used open source and then moved
           | off for principled reasons that people weren 't paying their
           | OSS contributors, made predictions about what would come to
           | be, and then be pot shooting at the FOSS community from a
           | distance. Or the author could aggressively pay every single
           | OSS contributor they are using, with receipts... Etc, etc.
        
           | gtsop wrote:
           | I replied to the same argument in a different comment. There
           | is literally a thousand ways to do it.
           | 
           | Eg
           | 
           | - Post on twitter/facebook - pay for a proprietary stack -
           | pay for an open source stack (donate) - print stuff and hand
           | them out in person (half joking, but you get the point i
           | hope)
        
         | bigbillheck wrote:
         | > The irony of bashing open source...
         | 
         | This is literally the 'yet you participate in society'
         | argument.
        
           | dnautics wrote:
           | Sure, you don't have the option of not using open source
           | software for some of the cisco and arista switches and
           | routers on nexthops over the internet, but you certainly CAN
           | use paid-for closed-source software (from operating system up
           | to webserver) on a server that you set up, in a colo that you
           | pay for, to run your blog.
        
           | gtsop wrote:
           | No, this is a falacy. As a living being you don't really
           | stand any chance of not participating in society in some way
           | or another.
           | 
           | However the author has the following options: - pay for
           | proprietary stack of technology to publish their website -
           | pay for the open source software they are using (donate) -
           | not do any websites and publish their opinion on other social
           | media or even physical print. Write a papper, print flyers -
           | do literally nothing
           | 
           | All of these are actual viable options. Not participating in
           | society kinda isn't an option if you wanna live
        
             | badsectoracula wrote:
             | Is it even possible to _completely_ avoid open source
             | software nowadays though? Windows itself might not be
             | completely open source but it has a bunch of open source
             | components and /or is based on open source components (even
             | the TCP/IP stack has its roots on BSD :-P). Even your CPU
             | (especially Intel with its IME using Minix) and UEFI might
             | have some open source code.
             | 
             | Perhaps if you find some 20 year old PC with an obscure
             | proprietary operating system that has its own network stack
             | you could do it. Though that "proprietary purity" will
             | break down as soon as you step out of that PC box and
             | connect it to a router or whatever since chances are it
             | will run open source software and your purely proprietary
             | signal will be contaminated way before reaching some end
             | user's browser :-P
        
               | gtsop wrote:
               | You're most likely right, but my argument has been
               | misinterpreted in a classic fashion. I never implied that
               | they should have used open source at all. I said that
               | they used a bunch of open source software that I doubt
               | they had ever paid for (even donating).
        
         | xena wrote:
         | As the author of that article, I am starting to prefer
         | they/them pronouns. It would be nice if you could update your
         | comment to refer to me correctly, however this is not a demand.
         | 
         | There is a lot more happening behind the scenes than you know
         | of, I make a tiny fraction of my donations public knowledge.
        
           | gtsop wrote:
           | Yes you are right, i apologise, will update.
           | 
           | Edit: it seems like i cannot edit it anymore, but it was not
           | meant to be disrespectful or on purpose.
        
           | KronisLV wrote:
           | Edit: another person pointed out that the actual comment
           | sounds like an ad hominem, which i do not condone. However,
           | some of the phrasing made me think, hence the question (more
           | clarification below).
           | 
           | > The irony of bashing open source on a website using
           | systems/code/infra containing thousands of open source lines
           | of code which I am sure they haven't paid for... has probably
           | escaped their attention.
           | 
           | Hey, what are your thoughts on the OP's argument, though?
           | 
           | I read your article and it did seem to have plenty of truth
           | to it, much like other articles that i've read in the past:
           | https://staltz.com/software-below-the-poverty-line.html
           | 
           | Personally, i use a lot of open source software and i
           | definitely won't pay for _most_ of it, many people out there
           | won 't pay for _any_ of it. I don 't find that ironic, i find
           | it sad. There is no obligation or anything to encourage
           | anyone to donate to the authors, most people don't care.
           | 
           | If i went to work on Monday and suggested that we as a
           | company throw money at open source, i'd probably be looked at
           | funny. In the company, near the holidays we have an
           | initiative where employees vote for charities and each vote
           | gets 100 EUR donated towards them... but curiously, no one
           | even considers something like that for open source projects,
           | despite there being hundreds if not thousands of those in
           | their dependencies.
           | 
           | I think it's probably a cultural issue to some degree, simple
           | psychology otherwise.
        
             | jodrellblank wrote:
             | > Hey, what are your thoughts on the OP's argument, though?
             | 
             | An ad-hom insult doesn't make an argument. OP isn't bashing
             | open source, OP is bashing for-profit companies using it
             | without contributing as an overall system, and OP's website
             | isn't a for-profit company, so even the "OP is a dumb
             | hypocrite" isn't only an insult, it's also wrong.
             | 
             | > " _There is no obligation or anything to encourage anyone
             | to donate to the authors, most people don 't care._"
             | 
             | My long term simple answer to American's "tipping
             | problem"[1] is that if you want money, charge money. This
             | emotional manipulation guilt tripping "you don't have to
             | pay, it's free" "my children, think of my dying starving
             | family, I need money" "oh but it's free honestly I do it to
             | contribute to others" "but listen to the crying of my wife
             | as she scrapes together the last of our posessions to take
             | to the pawn shop" "no really, I encourage everyone to make
             | and use free software (but you should FEEL BAD if you do
             | what I encourage)" "but it's free, check out that license"
             | "I'm only saying I was hoping you would behave like a
             | decent person and not take advantage of me while I lie
             | about my motives to your face and emotionally manipulate
             | you" "btw don't even think of holding me responsible for
             | any problems in the code, I disclaim all responsibility to
             | the maximum amount permitted by law and offer no support
             | for any problems" is just not a good or honest way to go
             | about things.
             | 
             | You want money, charge money. Code as an employee, be a
             | consultant, be indipendent and sell your thing. You need
             | money, charge money, there's multiple ways to do it, people
             | have been doing it for years. Why aren't you able to charge
             | money? At least partly because of all the people giving
             | away the equivalent for free. Why would someone pay for
             | your library when they could get a free one? If guilt
             | tripping is the only answer, you need a better answer.
             | 
             | If I plant a tree for everyone to have a bit more oxygen in
             | the atmosphee, will you pay me for the oxygen you're using
             | from my efforts? Of course not.
             | 
             | [1] that's not to say I don't tip, it's to say I hate the
             | design of the system and think it leaves the majority worse
             | off and far more stressed, so the minority of attractive
             | people in rich areas come out far ahead.
        
               | KronisLV wrote:
               | > An ad-hom insult doesn't make an argument. OP isn't
               | bashing open source, OP is bashing for-profit companies
               | using it without contributing as an overall system, and
               | OP's website isn't a for-profit company, so even the "OP
               | is a dumb hypocrite" isn't only an insult, it's also
               | wrong.
               | 
               | I do agree that ad hominems are bad and that OP is maybe
               | conflating bringing attention to problems with open
               | source with actually being opposed to open source, which
               | is definitely not the same thing! Lots of criticism may
               | come from a position of wanting to improve everything.
               | However, my more charitable interpretation of the
               | original message would be along the lines of: "Open
               | source seems to work, since you can post this criticism
               | while utilizing a lot of open source technologies."
               | 
               | And that's why i felt like creating my response/question
               | above (apologies if that wasn't clear enough), since i'm
               | surprised myself that we have as much working open source
               | software in the first place, given how underfunded and
               | underappreciated many of the oftentimes critical projects
               | are. :(
               | 
               | The bit about tipping is an interesting one - somehow
               | many of the waiters in the USA aren't paid a living wage
               | but instead have to rely on the patrons of the
               | establishment to tip them. On one hand, that seems
               | incredibly wrong to me (and unthinkable of in certain
               | countries), however at the same time that implies that
               | surely it's possible to somehow ingrain tipping or
               | similar monetary actions into a culture to the point
               | where it's not viewed as something outrageous by the
               | denizens of said culture. How did tipping even become a
               | thing? Why isn't tipping a thing in more industries
               | (hopefully sans the abusive wage practices)?
               | 
               | Why did "npm fund" become a thing just a number of years
               | ago but was never really successful?
               | https://dev.to/ruyadorno/npm-6-13-0-7f3 Why do most
               | corporations stop at extracting lists of dependencies in
               | their projects so they don't get sued and don't have to
               | release their codebases to the public, as opposed to
               | actually funding the people on whose work they depend on?
               | 
               | > You want money, charge money. Code as an employee, be a
               | consultant, be indipendent and sell your thing. You need
               | money, charge money, there's multiple ways to do it,
               | people have been doing it for years. Why aren't you able
               | to charge money? At least partly because of all the
               | people giving away the equivalent for free. Why would
               | someone pay for your library when they could get a free
               | one? If guilt tripping is the only answer, you need a
               | better answer.
               | 
               | Are we incapable as humanity on a large scale to give
               | money willingly to others, when we benefit from their
               | work?
               | 
               | > If I plant a tree for everyone to have a bit more
               | oxygen in the atmosphere, will you pay me for the oxygen
               | you're using from my efforts? Of course not.
               | 
               | Why not? If i wasn't under constant stress about my
               | financial future, scraping by to survive in an economy
               | that doesn't feel viable long term (especially given how
               | i receive cents on the dollar for my work in the grand
               | scheme of things) and aggressively saving of what little
               | i earn, while knowing that i have slim chances of ever
               | having real estate of my own (given that currently that's
               | only viable after decades of work, even if that), i'd be
               | more than happy to pay someone for a tree or a well
               | planted forest, if it'd be presented to me as something i
               | can do easily.
               | 
               | Just look at: https://teamtrees.org/
               | 
               | If there is not a viable solution to the open source
               | funding problem, i don't think open source has a future
               | that's all that bright, at least outside of corporate
               | backed projects or privileged people (e.g. those not
               | under constant financial stress) who can afford the time
               | and effort to put into it.
               | 
               | Edit: apologies if that's an emotional reaction that's
               | maybe not entirely rational, but another post here on HN
               | also made me think:
               | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=29525286
               | 
               | In short: It feels like open source developers _should_
               | be paid, regardless of everything else.
        
               | watwut wrote:
               | > no really, I encourage everyone to make and use free
               | software (but you should FEEL BAD if you do what I
               | encourage
               | 
               | 100% this. I remember how open source advocates were
               | literally pushing everyone who would listen to use and
               | trust open source. Literally arguing by free too. Now,
               | the people want to twist it into "and if you got
               | convinced and use it you are asshole freeloader".
               | 
               | Well then, maybe it should have been private licensed
               | software of that is what you want. Which I'd actually
               | fine by me.
        
           | Kye wrote:
           | That's why I default to they/them unless I have some
           | indication otherwise. One time a dude went off on me for it,
           | and I broke his brain by suggesting pronouns in his bio would
           | have saved him a public freakout. I always found the
           | prescription to default to masculine terms as a default
           | gender neutral awfully suspicious even before I knew I was
           | nonbinary.
        
             | gtsop wrote:
             | I usually do they/them nowadays, but habbit is hard one to
             | break and i cant edit the comment atm. I hope the author
             | understands that my pronouns don't bare any judgemental
             | meaning
        
               | xena wrote:
               | I have no reason to judge you ^^, just trying to be
               | polite.
        
       | okareaman wrote:
       | I learned from the actix-web debacle that I don't want to ever do
       | libre or open source software. If people want to complain to me
       | about my code and call me a lousy programmer, then they have to
       | pay me for the right.
       | 
       | A sad day for Rust
       | 
       | https://steveklabnik.com/writing/a-sad-day-for-rust
        
       | frizzle112 wrote:
       | Author describes a classic tragedy of the commons situation -
       | many reap the benefits but there's little incentive to invest in
       | OSS.
       | 
       | Analysis from there is weak. The incentives I think fairly
       | clearly lead to major underinvestment in open source relative to
       | the ideal level because of the incentive problems Even if there
       | is some investment and some significant success if there was
       | investment of time and money order proportional to usage of major
       | OSS components.
        
       | PaulKeeble wrote:
       | Its probably time for the next generation of open source
       | licensing to make the code not usable for profit making purposes,
       | thus ensuring open source is either funded by the companies that
       | use it or forms its own separate community away from
       | corporations.
        
         | nixpulvis wrote:
         | How do you practically inforce these licenses? At aquision time
         | in a big code audit? Independent review with mandatory
         | certificates for businesses over a certain gross profit? What
         | are the current ways we catch lisence breach? So many
         | questions...
         | 
         | I know that I hate, HATE, thinking about lisences, to the point
         | I typically don't include one, or use some nebulous beer-ware
         | hack. How does a new set of licenses help me?
        
           | paulryanrogers wrote:
           | How does it work now with GPL and AGPL? As I understand it
           | muck rackers dig into distributions of software and services
           | then report any violations they find. Then the copyright
           | holders can choose whether or not to take them to court.
        
           | jt2190 wrote:
           | > I typically don't include [a license]...
           | 
           | This would be UNLICENSED or NONE then. Unlicensed software
           | can't be used for too many things, since it's encumbered by
           | copyright restrictions. (The author's right to create copies
           | is, in the U.S. at least, _implicit_ , meaning that the
           | simple act of creating a work is enough to have the
           | "copyright" for it.)
           | 
           | There is The Unlicense [1] that explicitly transfers
           | copyright to the Public Domain.
           | 
           | [1] https://spdx.org/licenses/Unlicense.html
        
             | nixpulvis wrote:
             | What about the whole concept of Copyleft? Which is
             | something that seemed interesting to me but I never really
             | understood the full implications of.
        
               | jt2190 wrote:
               | With "Copyleft" licenses the license terms automatically
               | apply to derivative works. So if you fix a bug in some
               | GPL licensed code, that bug fix is also licensed under
               | the GPL terms. The "deal" is essentially "everyone
               | benefits from everyone's work."
               | 
               | The difficult part is enforcement: How can we even know
               | if a user has made a modification?
               | 
               | The older licenses assume that a user can't really get
               | more than personal benefit from a modification unless
               | they "distribute" a copy of the modified software to
               | someone else. Clearly the recipient of a copy of
               | commercial software can look and see if any Copyleft code
               | was included.
               | 
               | With the rise of software-as-a-service, however, the
               | modified copy never leaves the user's computers. This
               | seems like it violates the spirit of "everyone benefits
               | from everyone's work". This is one of the issues new Open
               | Source licenses are trying to address.
        
         | jollybean wrote:
         | GPL will for the most part only mean nobody will use it.
         | 
         | There are only very few cases in which GPL is ideal.
        
           | rightbyte wrote:
           | What? Linux, gcc?
        
             | jollybean wrote:
             | VideoLan in that category as well.
             | 
             | I think GPL with it's focus on 'can't be used in
             | commercial' is deeply limiting.
             | 
             | I think the 'You have to make public variations of this
             | module but it can be used for anything and linked to closed
             | source statically or dynamically' ... is more ideal for
             | those kinds of things, which is kind of pragmatically the
             | case. But still.
             | 
             | It would also be nice if courts could make rulings on
             | verbiage or licences instead of waiting for trials because
             | that legal cloud is a big overhang for the entire world.
        
         | madeofpalk wrote:
         | GPL, AGPL, etc.
        
         | candiddevmike wrote:
         | See Commons Clause or Business Source License for an example.
         | But then it's source available, not "FOSS".
        
         | echelon wrote:
         | The license should require the entire system to be open source,
         | with exceptions for secrets and small integration pieces under
         | 1000 LOC.
         | 
         | If AWS wants to use it, the entirety of their platform would
         | have to be open. Billing system, machine provisioning,
         | networking, database failover -- everything.
         | 
         | They won't do it. But someone with ambition will, and they'll
         | start to grow a platform that is less risky and increasingly
         | more attractive. As it gains steam, it could become not only a
         | refuge from cloud lock in, but a huge threat to existing
         | players.
        
         | NavinF wrote:
         | All open source licenses allow commercial use. That's a major
         | part of the definition of "open source":
         | https://opensource.org/faq#commercial
         | 
         | "Source available" licenses that don't allow profit do exist.
         | See all the anti-cloud licenses that came out when AWS started
         | selling open source databases as a service. It's just that
         | hardly anyone touches code licensed like that. Hell, even Linux
         | used to have a "can't have money change hands" clause until
         | Linus realized that was stupid. See his debconf talk where he
         | talks about it.
        
         | unbanned wrote:
         | I just wouldn't use it then. Or I'd use it and just not tell
         | anyone. Or take its essence and build it from ground up with a
         | different name.
         | 
         | Who's gonna sue me?
        
         | js8 wrote:
         | Why when you already have GPL? Most companies do not allow GPL
         | software to be used for products.
        
           | goalieca wrote:
           | It becomes murky when you don't actually ship software and
           | use it as a service in the backend. GPL is from the olden
           | days when you actually distributed your software. Now it's
           | only the front end and that ships as source still because
           | wasm and the rest haven't taken over yet.
        
             | inops wrote:
             | AGPL then. It extends the meaning of "distribute", but is
             | still FSF/OSI-approved
        
               | xyzzy_plugh wrote:
               | AGPL is super scary for corporations, as it's not clear
               | where the boundaries are and no one wants to go to court
               | to find out. GPL is relatively straight forward: as long
               | as you don't link to it, make sources including any
               | changes available to your users.
               | 
               | AGPL is like, okay maybe everything needs to be released.
               | And when you are also using proprietary third party
               | software it becomes a real hairy mess.
        
         | BarryMilo wrote:
         | They exist, they're just not used a lot. I assume this is
         | because most apps are made for profit.
        
       | tw04 wrote:
       | >If FOSS was broken, the internet as we know it today wouldn't
       | exist; the countless marvels of technology that we take for
       | granted and techno-economies that thrive on them wouldn't exist;
       | 
       | I guess I just vehemently disagree. Nearly all of the early open-
       | source software that made the internet possible was produced in
       | universities. The only reason it was sustainable was because it
       | was professors being paid by the university, or students doing it
       | for free. Implying that means it's viable for all these _other_
       | projects that were created and maintained outside of a university
       | setting is just not accurate. There 's also this fallacy of: it
       | worked this long so it will continue working forever.
       | 
       | For me the long and short of it is: the only way I can foresee
       | open source working in the way the purists want is if there is a
       | universal basic income. SOMEONE has to pay the bills, and as
       | we've seen time and again, hoping to feed your family on
       | donations is a fool's errand. With UBI, artists of all kinds
       | (including developers) can pursue things that would otherwise be
       | impossible. Without it, we're left with the constant push and
       | pull of people either burning out maintaining stuff in their
       | spare time, or hoping a given corporate maintainer wants the same
       | features and functionality as the community.
        
         | c-smile wrote:
         | > the only way I can foresee open source working in the way the
         | purists want is if there is a universal basic income.
         | 
         | Essentially honest FOSS will be available when we evolve to
         | "From each according to his ability, to each according to his
         | needs"[1] type of society.
         | 
         | Human race is clearly on asymptotical track to that. But not
         | yet.
         | 
         | [1] (C) 1875, Karl Marx.
        
           | smitty1e wrote:
           | Moltke seems more credible than Marx:
           | 
           | "No plan of operations extends with certainty beyond the
           | first encounter with the enemy's main strength."
           | 
           | http://connect2amc.com/118-strategic-planning-moltke-the-
           | eld...
        
             | c-smile wrote:
             | That citation appears as irrelevant completely to the
             | topic.
             | 
             | If you want more relevant citation then this: "A journey of
             | a thousand miles begins with a single step" (C) Lao Tzu
             | 
             | For that matter I would say that first major step to real
             | FOSS was made in 1917. But it was too early and shouldn't
             | that brutally enforced. Evolution is the only reasonable
             | way to get anywhere in such complex systems.
             | 
             | Relevant fact: all hardware and software in USSR was Open
             | Source. Any non-trivial product must be and was accompanied
             | by full schematics. Software sources must be printed out,
             | etc. By law.
        
               | hutzlibu wrote:
               | "That citation appears as irrelevant completely to the
               | topic."
               | 
               | The point was, that marxism as a theory is only a plan -
               | and that plan did not really worked out in reality so
               | far.
               | 
               | And if you want to paint the USSR in a golden FOSS
               | picture, well I would suggest talking with people who
               | actually lived there and were not in a privileged party
               | position. And it would be news to me, that the USSR
               | published their tank, aircraft or rockets schematics.
        
               | c-smile wrote:
               | > USSR in a golden FOSS picture
               | 
               | I do not have such intention. I just wanted to point out
               | particular fact.
               | 
               | > I would suggest talking with people who actually lived
               | there
               | 
               | I do that every day. With myself.
               | 
               | > privileged party position
               | 
               | That's definitely not about myself.
               | 
               | > the USSR published their tank, aircraft or rockets
               | schematics.
               | 
               | I had a rank of Lieutenant (Reserve) of Strategic Forces
               | of USSR and specialty "Control Systems of Ballistic
               | Missiles".
               | 
               | Trust me, end users of these devices had full schematics
               | :)
        
             | soco wrote:
             | Mike Tyson: "Everyone has a plan until they get punched in
             | the mouth."
        
         | netizen-936824 wrote:
         | In my opinion, corporations and govt entities should switch to
         | a model in which they don't purchase software but instead have
         | internal staff work on the FOSS that's used in the group. This
         | could help the FOSS ecosystem while removing the profit
         | incentives that people have to make shitty pointless web apps.
         | Although I'm sure some shitty pointless web apps will still get
         | made, I think this could shift the dynamic of the software
         | production ecosystem for the better.
        
         | jrm4 wrote:
         | You're simply _wrong_ in a way I can 't succinctly summarize
         | historically; you really have to get to know the spirit of the
         | people who made this stuff. But FOSS is the difference between
         | the VERY free and open (at least optionally, if not in
         | practice, but like, basically anyone can put up a website and
         | do anything on it) internet we have vs. what would have
         | happened, which probably would have been slight incremental
         | improvements in phone and TV. More" on demand," but damn sure
         | no Youtube.
        
         | chasd00 wrote:
         | > ...the only way I can foresee open source working in the way
         | the purists want...
         | 
         | Well the point of open source is it works however the person
         | opening the work wants. There's a license compatible with every
         | philosophy out there. Take your pick.
         | 
         | Open source isn't broken because it can't really break at all.
         | For something to break it would have to have a concrete form to
         | begin with.
        
           | mwfunk wrote:
           | Agreed. It's only broken if there were some ideal Utopian
           | open source world that we were falling short of, where if
           | only everyone can work out some issues, then that world will
           | come into existence.
           | 
           | When people are growing up it's easy to get swept up in ideas
           | like, "if only everyone saw things the way I did, everything
           | would be perfect and so much better than it is right now".
           | 
           | There will always be lots of conflicting ideas about how
           | software should be developed and distributed and so far none
           | of them have proven so effective that all of the others have
           | fallen by the wayside. IMO the best anyone can do is advocate
           | for whatever makes the most sense to them, but not make the
           | mistake of thinking that anyone has all the answers.
        
           | secondcoming wrote:
           | This is great if you have the financial resources to find and
           | legally pursue licence violators.
        
             | cube00 wrote:
             | Especially internationally
        
             | fartcannon wrote:
             | Even if the licenses are abused, there will still be free
             | and open source software. It's a beautiful idea that won't
             | die as long as there are tinkerers in the world.
        
         | ren_engineer wrote:
         | >professors paid by the university
         | 
         | universities were being paid by the military, who get their
         | money from the taxpayers.
        
           | ChrisLomont wrote:
           | Far more private money went into open source than the
           | military put it via professors. Almost of the big successful
           | projects would be viable without significant private
           | investment into them.
        
         | k__ wrote:
         | This.
         | 
         | OSS is broken, but I'd even go so far and say that most of
         | software is, because money is often an after thought.
        
           | megous wrote:
           | And by broken, you mean what?
        
             | sidlls wrote:
             | Can't speak for the GP, but from my perspective: misaligned
             | incentives (financial and technical), poor documentation,
             | buggy _important_ edge cases, toxic attitudes, egos, and so
             | on. In short: it's broken the same way any other
             | development is, except it also includes the extreme end of
             | economic exploitation.
        
               | megous wrote:
               | That all sounds like project specific issues. A lot of
               | FOSS projects are exceptionally well documented. The same
               | with the attitude, some are wrose, some better. It
               | doesn't seem like this is specific to FOSS licensing.
        
               | xchaotic wrote:
               | I work with a company that contributes to some open
               | source but most of the code is closed-source. I feel that
               | the reason many enterprises pay for the software is that
               | when there's an exotic bug that only happens with LDAP
               | with a certain cypher being used, they know it will get
               | fixed (because it's funded by support/maintenance fees).
               | While there may be exceptions, I just don't see OSS
               | contributors going out of their way to fix such edge
               | cases. So perhaps the solution for some open source
               | project issues might be to not-opensource it.
        
               | megous wrote:
               | Point of FOSS is that you can fix exotic issues yourself,
               | at your timeline and perhaps share your fixes with the
               | original project, if you also want other people to
               | distrute the fix for you via some standard Linux distro.
               | 
               | That's the main freedom you get from FOSS. FOSS != free
               | support. It's empowering.
        
           | feffe wrote:
           | OSS or Free software is not broken. To claim that it's
           | broken, there must be some outspoken intent that has been
           | violated. For example that said software should be used by
           | big mega corps for free and that there should never be any
           | bugs in it. That is not the case, thus it's not broken. Most
           | free software is made to scratch an itch. Some projects grow
           | big and serious. Some is abandoned when the original author
           | grows tired of it. A responsible organization would be
           | expected to take the support responsibility for any free
           | software that it uses as none is included in the price ($0).
           | Or pay another company to offer that support if the task is
           | too big. If you don't agree to these terms, refrain from
           | using such software in your product.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | twelvechairs wrote:
         | In rebuttal I'll paraphrase a little from Paul Ramsey
         | (maintainer of 20-year open source project PostGIS)[0]
         | 
         | His basic view is that Open Source is the dominant model today,
         | but tension comes as very little of the value produced comes
         | back to the community that creates this value. He argues this
         | will always be 'the bare minimum' by virtue of economics, but
         | that if something important slows down too much someone will
         | put some money in it. But this is a model that operates and
         | works. It is borne out by his history in postgis, which is
         | maintained by a small number of people mostly in moderately-
         | profitable service companies, in the red-hat mould. He's
         | concerned about value being captured by cloud companies though
         | who frequently don't employ open-source maintainers however.
         | Some of this is further expounded in another talk by him here
         | [1] (slides at [2]) on the future of open-source where he is
         | very bullish.
         | 
         | [0] from about 19:00 onwards here
         | https://thegeomob.com/podcast/episode-88
         | 
         | [1] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NQ5_NnrBHjo
         | 
         | [2] https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1-PAgIk9--
         | nedCdfMGEwh...
        
           | darksaints wrote:
           | This personally rings true for me. My company is getting
           | literally billions of dollars worth of value from a couple of
           | applications (one of which I created and maintain) built upon
           | the foundation of Postgres and PostGIS. And we benefit
           | immensely from active development of it: PostGIS version 3.1
           | released a new more efficient overlay algorithm which
           | probably saves us $5k a year in _compute costs alone_ , and
           | untold thousands with the ability to deprecate a hacked house
           | of cards that was ready to crumble.
           | 
           | And yet every time I have mentioned to my management that it
           | would be great if we could take 1% of our consulting budget
           | and funnel it towards PostGIS, they respond almost
           | bewildered...why willingly pay for something that we already
           | get for free? It's frustrating and I have no idea how to
           | remedy it.
        
         | sangnoir wrote:
         | > For me the long and short of it is: the only way I can
         | foresee open source working in the way the purists want is if
         | there is a universal basic income.
         | 
         | I suspect I'm a "purist" by your measure, and I disagree
         | completely. University professors, students and volunteer
         | contributors/maintainers will continue to exist going forward.
         | Nothing _has_ to change.
         | 
         | The problem is that this doesn't "scale" at the rate demanded
         | by corporations, and corporate engineers[1]. The problem is not
         | with FOSS - it is on the voracious consumption side. I suspect
         | the volunteer vs corp usage will follow the Predator-Prey
         | cycle, with volunteers being the prey. When the predator
         | population grows too large, it will set off events that will
         | lead to its population collapsing to a sustainable level. The
         | onus is on startups/medium & large corps to help scale FOSS -
         | not UBI or the like where the corps continue to freeride (which
         | is fine, to a point)
         | 
         | 1. Disclosure: I'm also one, in addition to being a volunteer
         | contributor. I volunteer as a way to give back to an amazing
         | project, and I earn a salary that meets all my needs.
        
         | jandrewrogers wrote:
         | For some types of software, we really do not want students
         | doing it, for free or otherwise. There are whole classes of
         | software, like database engines, that are non-obvious and
         | require many years of real-world domain experience before it is
         | plausible that someone will design a competent, scalable
         | architecture and implementation. If open source is going to run
         | critical infrastructure, we don't want naive and inefficient
         | software design but that is frequently what we get; this isn't
         | a criticism of the people that create many of these projects,
         | more the process in practice and our expectations of it.
         | 
         | UBI is not a solution because it would, at best, pay poverty
         | wages. People with the skills to be effective core contributors
         | also have the skills to be paid much, much more for their time.
         | Few people, and definitely not enough, are going to sacrifice
         | the living standards of themselves or their family for some
         | ideal of OSS.
         | 
         | There are strong adverse incentives that make it improbable
         | that the people designing and building OSS are who we as
         | _users_ of OSS would want to be in that role in an ideal world.
         | This has been getting worse with time. The risk for OSS is that
         | those adverse incentives are never addressed.
        
           | berkeley39 wrote:
           | > For some types of software, we really do not want students
           | doing it, for free or otherwise. There are whole classes of
           | software, like _database engines_ , that are non-obvious and
           | require many years of real-world domain experience before it
           | is plausible that someone will design a competent, scalable
           | architecture and implementation.
           | 
           | Of course as with all things the situation is more nuanced
           | than this. Since you mention database engines we should keep
           | in mind that without Stonebraker and 39 of his students[1]
           | there would be no Postgres. Yet without incentives and many
           | years of contributions from professionals (and students who
           | would become professionals) we would not have PostgreSQL. A
           | healthy system has a place for contributors of all levels of
           | experience.
           | 
           | 1- https://momjian.us/main/blogs/pgblog/2020.html#September_2
           | 1_...
        
             | jandrewrogers wrote:
             | Database development has changed quite a lot since then.
             | When I first started working on databases in the 1990s, two
             | things were true that made it _much_ easier for relatively
             | inexperienced developers (like myself at the time) to
             | produce a reasonably good result. First, the state-of-the-
             | art implementations at the time were incredibly well-
             | documented in an accessible way and the academic literature
             | also reflected those designs. Second, the implementations
             | were relatively simple and straightforward; you did not
             | need esoteric systems knowledge and design theory to write
             | code that was competitive with other implementations. The
             | most complicated thing you had to worry about was lock
             | structures and concurrency control. Not only were there
             | relatively simple examples to copy and study, the gap
             | between those examples and the state-of-the-art was pretty
             | small.
             | 
             | Neither of these is true today. The design of state-of-the-
             | art implementations are often poorly documented; the
             | computer science has evolved radically since the 1990s with
             | significant gaps in the literature; competitive
             | implementations require real expertise in silicon
             | architecture and Linux kernel internals, you can't just
             | write something obvious in C and expect a good result. And
             | that's without even getting into difficult topics like
             | distributed execution, parallel orchestration, scheduler
             | design, etc that we didn't have to worry about back then.
             | 
             | I'm not sure I'd be able to bootstrap the necessary
             | expertise to build database engines today like I did back
             | then.
        
         | evandwight wrote:
         | Ubi won't touch tech salaries.
         | 
         | People don't need to maximize income. I volunteer because I
         | have enough and money isn't the only objective.
         | 
         | Open source doesn't need to pay faang salaries to exist.
        
           | wongarsu wrote:
           | Exactly, UBI doesn't need to pay faang salaries for some
           | people to give up their jobs to maintain projects they love.
        
           | SQueeeeeL wrote:
           | There are a lot of people who are very good at coding who
           | don't care for high salaries. Despite mainstream pop being
           | the most profitable, many musicians pursue niche genres.
        
             | wutbrodo wrote:
             | This still doesn't make UBI relevant to this discussion.
             | It's already fairly trivial for a talented SWE to make UBI-
             | level income working 10 hours a week by picking up software
             | contracts here and there. Eng already have access to the
             | levels of income that UBI would provide, with plenty of
             | time left over to dedicate to open source, and yet this
             | path is relatively untrodden.
             | 
             | Plenty of engineers (myself included) already leverage the
             | flexibility and surplus pay of the industry to opt out of
             | the "40 years of 40 hours" ratrace. But they do so to
             | varying degrees, and evidently aren't spending enough of
             | that surplus on OSS to fix the problem we're discussing.
             | 
             | I don't see what UBI would materially contribute to this
             | dynamic.
        
               | dmitriid wrote:
               | > It's already fairly trivial for a talented SWE to make
               | UBI-level income working 10 hours a week by picking up
               | software contracts here and there.
               | 
               | What about less talented ones that can still contribute,
               | but need to work 20 hours a week? Or 30 hours a week? Or
               | _gasp_ 40 hours a week?
               | 
               | > Eng already have access to the levels of income that
               | UBI would provide, with plenty of time left over
               | 
               | No. There isn't plenty of time left over. Moreover, why
               | wouldn't I want to work on something _full time_ , and
               | not in my "left over time"?
               | 
               | > Plenty of engineers
               | 
               | Which means: not even the majority of engineers.
               | 
               | > I don't see what UBI would materially contribute to
               | this dynamic.
               | 
               | "I don't see how giving all engineers, and not some
               | percent of engineers, the option to pursue projects they
               | like would materially contribute to this dynamic".
               | 
               | Do also read this short article, "Software below the
               | poverty line", https://staltz.com/software-below-the-
               | poverty-line.html
        
               | gopher_space wrote:
               | If picking up software contracts here and there is
               | consistent enough for you to count on then it's either
               | already a full time job or the end result of years of
               | networking and experience.
               | 
               | UBI would let people devoted to a subject pursue only
               | that.
        
               | caconym_ wrote:
               | > already fairly trivial for a talented SWE
               | 
               | This level of subjective qualification makes everything
               | that comes after it essentially meaningless.
        
         | ajross wrote:
         | > Nearly all of the early open-source software that made the
         | internet possible was produced in universities.
         | 
         | Well... BSD unix was. Unix itself was Bell Labs, the original
         | TCP/IP spec was done by DARPA contractors (mostly BBN). HTTP
         | was CERN but the breakthrough "browser" product was venture
         | funded. GNU was a private organization, though RMS's office was
         | provided by MIT for years and years. Linux obviously was an
         | established community effort long before anyone with deep
         | pockets showed up. Post-90's "corporate" open source has
         | emerged basically everywhere, with Google and Intel being big
         | early players (Facebook and Microsoft have been late to the
         | game but done very well for themselves too).
         | 
         | I think if anything what this proves is that "Open Source" is
         | going to pop up basically anywhere it's allowed to, and that
         | any pronouncements about where it "really" came from are
         | probably not informative.
        
           | pjmlp wrote:
           | UNIX was only free beer because AT&T wasn't allowed to sell
           | it initially, the lawsuit against BSD and forbidding the
           | Lion's commentary came rather fast as soon as they were
           | allowed to take commercial advantage of their research work.
        
         | riquito wrote:
         | > Nearly all of the early open-source software that made the
         | internet possible was produced in universities. The only reason
         | it was sustainable was because it was professors being paid by
         | the university, or students doing it for free.
         | 
         | I'm surprised no one mentioned that there was no personal
         | computer. Where else would you get a computer to develop free
         | software back then?
        
         | thoraway66 wrote:
         | > SOMEONE has to pay the bills
         | 
         | Aren't we paying the bill by doing the work to provide these
         | things?
         | 
         | Finance was the old information network for distributing need.
         | It was easily hacked/corrupted.
         | 
         | Isn't the internet the replacement?
         | 
         | Do the work to have the stuff. Why the old money network too?
         | 
         | Open source is pretty strong evidence social doing just to do
         | cool/useful shit just happens.
         | 
         | People grow food to eat, not because a boss said we need to
         | produce N tons of corn this quarter.
        
         | em-bee wrote:
         | universities are going to continue to exist and students will
         | be attending them. what exactly suggests that this will not
         | continue forever?
         | 
         | of course FOSS has always depended on people who had the
         | resources to work on it. in the beginning this was only
         | universities and as FOSS got more popular more funding sources
         | appeared.
         | 
         | the problem that we are facing is not one of funding. there is
         | plenty of funding available. the problem is a generational
         | shift of that funding.
         | 
         | people who used to be able to afford working on FOSS no longer
         | can because their life changed. they are no longer students,
         | they have a family and so on.
         | 
         | FOSS development will continue. the fallacy is to believe that
         | an individual contributor will always be able to keep
         | contributing for the rest of their life. we need to acknowledge
         | that unpaid FOSS contributions are limited to a few years of an
         | individuals life. and after that they need to move on. and most
         | do. those that didn't move on but continued contributing were
         | those who managed to find additional funding sources.
         | 
         | the problem and the difficulty is that we get more and more
         | software that is not new but needs to be maintained. most of
         | those using their own funds will want to work on their own new
         | software and not maintain someone elses.
         | 
         | so the questions is not how do we fund FOSS development, but
         | rather how do we fund FOSS maintenance. that is the new thing
         | that we didn't have to deal with a few decades ago
        
         | watwut wrote:
         | I dont understand how exactly is open source supposed to be
         | broken. It is accepted and respected these days. There is tons
         | of it too.
         | 
         | If does not produces flawless miracles, but commercial software
         | is not flawless either. The log4j bug has impact it has
         | literally because open source was successful.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | rob_c wrote:
         | Having worked with people in industry who understand the point
         | and value of giving back this is a little naive I would argue.
         | 
         | A fraction of some talented persons time from say HP is
         | probably worth 100x first year developers who aren't paid to
         | understand the tools the company is using.
         | 
         | To turn your argument on its head how much would every company
         | have to invest to build a modern website from complete scratch
         | in isolation? Then think why do that when you can effectively
         | spread the cost?
         | 
         | Both approaches have ups and downs but I'm not sure the
         | "someone always picks up the cost" isn't anything other than a
         | statement of realism. It is a good reason to explain why nobody
         | just works on a project in their basement for free and do
         | nothing else, but doesn't role out being able to do this if
         | responsible companies pick up a fraction of the tab they should
         | be paying via donations.
         | 
         | As others have said a huge amount of the value comes from
         | support, community and the contributions from many people, be
         | they working on the same tools for a product they sell, to make
         | a product or service they plan to sell or to scratch that itch
         | on that project in their spare time they're playing with.
        
         | indymike wrote:
         | > Nearly all of the early open-source software that made the
         | internet possible was produced in universities.
         | 
         | Yes, and released with the BSD license, then copied.
        
         | einpoklum wrote:
         | > SOMEONE has to pay the bills, and as we've seen time and
         | again, hoping to feed your family on donations is a fool's
         | errand.
         | 
         | Not that I entirely reject the ghist of your claim, but what
         | about:
         | 
         | * Older, retired people?
         | 
         | * Spouse working for-pay supports spouse working on FOSS?
         | 
         | * Part-time for-pay work, rest of time FOSS (like myself...)?
         | 
         | In those situations you pay the bills without donations.
        
       | Exendroinient wrote:
       | In general, society has problems with monetization of valuable
       | things. It's not only the case with FOSS, it's also holds true
       | with science and a long term not quarterly counted products
       | development. Sadly vile entertainment and advertising is
       | perfectly monetized.
        
       | jph wrote:
       | > If there was a paywall, even for $1, how many people would
       | install a library?
       | 
       | I would LOVE this solution. I use open source professionally, and
       | I continually advocate for ways to pay open source projects and
       | developer. And if there's a way to pay extra to fund a feature,
       | or hire a developer as a consultant, so much the better. In my
       | experience, companies are highly willing and able to pay for
       | software and services that accelerate the companies' goals.
       | 
       | If you want to pay for open source, then I can suggest Open
       | Collective, Patreon, and GitHub Sponsors as ways that are working
       | well IME. Or consider donating to nonprofit open source advocacy
       | organizations including Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF),
       | Free Software Foundation (FSF), Apache Foundation, Linux
       | Foundation, and similar groups.
        
         | usrbinbash wrote:
         | >companies are highly willing and able to pay for software and
         | services that accelerate the companies' goals.
         | 
         | The are also willing to buy things and keep everyone else from
         | using them.
        
       | einpoklum wrote:
       | > Then why is it that millions of FOSS developers, despite
       | knowing that their work may be consumed by for-profit
       | corporations for nothing in return
       | 
       | Well, that in itself is already some kind of return. Widespread
       | use - even in a commercial setting - means widespread interest in
       | your work and possibly in you. That might not directly translate
       | into $$$ in the bank, but it is quite useful psychologically,
       | technologically (think: issue reports and triage, testing of new
       | functionality, input on future design) and even financially, in a
       | roundabout way.
       | 
       | Still, the main reason - for many of us anyway - is that we
       | wrote, and write, based on _need_: We needed the software, or our
       | friends/coworkers needed it, or maybe we perceived a public need;
       | we wanted to satisfy this need, and there you have it.
       | 
       | ----
       | 
       | Nitpick:
       | 
       | > A world without Wikipedia.
       | 
       | Wikipedia could have functioned just fine on some commercial
       | equivalent of a Wiki. Wikipedia editing does not involve working
       | on MediaWiki source code. So, not a good example IMHO.
        
         | pjmlp wrote:
         | We would just keep using Encarta.
        
       | bluefox wrote:
       | Solutions involving companies paying directly to the people whose
       | code they use miss the point.
       | 
       | The reason is that software shared with the world is often shared
       | out of passion and idealism. If only code that's useful to some
       | companies is paid for, the world of free (as in beer or
       | otherwise) software as we know and love is still unsustainable,
       | and not just because fledgling projects tend to be inferior in
       | many ways to everything that came before.
       | 
       | Some software is written simply for the fun of it. Future Crew
       | were kids writing demos and putting them out (by the way, an
       | executable for a program that's written in assembly is not so far
       | removed from its source code; so whether they put out the source
       | code or not is immaterial, here the point is "free as in beer").
       | These demos were unlikely to be directly useful to companies, but
       | we were still amazed by them and some of us got into programming
       | because of them. Do you want to live in a world where only people
       | who produce software that's useful to some company can sustain
       | themselves?
       | 
       | Their parents provided them with food and shelter, so they didn't
       | have to think too hard about writing and releasing it. People in
       | this thread claim that they don't feel exploited, probably for
       | similar reasons. They probably have an income or enough money to
       | make them feel comfortable giving something away. What happens
       | when circumstances don't go your way, though? Then, while you
       | live off your savings, see them shrink day by day, you realize
       | that society doesn't give you the basic stuff that's needed for
       | living, so why the hell should you give anything away? If you
       | already gave stuff away while you were fat and healthy, and this
       | stuff is being used profitably by others, the resentment can only
       | grow.
        
       | orblivion wrote:
       | A half baked idea, curious what people think:
       | 
       | Would it be possible to create an insurance policy against these
       | major FOSS vulnerabilities?
       | 
       | The insurance company would then require audits of your tech
       | stack, and fund security research. This is analogous to what car
       | insurance companies already do. And then companies who are not
       | insured are viewed as suspect, etc etc.
       | 
       | There's apparently a misalignment of incentives because there's a
       | break in the chain of responsibility. The idea here is to close
       | that loop.
        
         | convolvatron wrote:
         | car insurance companies hires actuaries that correlate driving
         | speed to payout and adjust rates accordingly.
         | 
         | if you think that software quality and risk can be so easily
         | quantified then you clearly dont have your hands in software.
        
           | orblivion wrote:
           | What about insurance companies that need to predict weather
           | disasters? Is that also more predictable than software?
           | 
           | If it's something harder to predict, is there a way you could
           | put error bars around it? Granted premiums could get high as
           | a result.
        
       | phkahler wrote:
       | The core "problem" stems from software having zero
       | production/replication cost, and we live in a world where nobody
       | is used to funding development.
       | 
       | Even software companies are charging rent for what already
       | exists, and using some of that to develop their next version or
       | new product.
       | 
       | The zero cost reproduction enables the free collaboration, but
       | doesnt fit our existing ideas around paying for things.
       | 
       | I think that notion that all commercial software is rented needs
       | to be widely understood.
        
         | quadrangle wrote:
         | Yes to everything you're saying. I'd highlight your points in a
         | different priority order. The fact that our society lacks
         | effective concepts for supporting and sustaining anything
         | abundant is the KEY issue. Your "doesnt fit our existing ideas
         | around paying for things" point.
         | 
         | Our whole capitalist system has no means to encourage us to
         | leave nature alone where it happens to provide us immense
         | value. Our system just destroys it (and eventually itself in
         | the process). That we even allow monopolies on products that
         | are basically just ideas is a grotesque aberration.
         | 
         | Although we need to fund development, a lot of it could happen
         | without funding if we simply supported healthy natural systems
         | and didn't have legally-supported monopolies. The challenge
         | that open-source projects have basically amount whether the
         | developers can live okay enough and not have to deal with
         | competition and exploitation from large-capitalized
         | monopolists.
        
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