[HN Gopher] Lead poisoning among US children
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Lead poisoning among US children
        
       Author : CRConrad
       Score  : 217 points
       Date   : 2021-12-08 16:42 UTC (6 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.theguardian.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.theguardian.com)
        
       | samstave wrote:
       | Remember when they burnt down that super cockroach infested home,
       | and it turned out it had like 50 years of layers of lead paint on
       | it and the smoke affected a bunch of people in the area
       | 
       | I'll find a link..
        
       | nikkinana wrote:
       | China is poisoning us with all their lead paints in toys and
       | shit.
        
       | jhallenworld wrote:
       | The tap water pH in my town is 9.3. This seems extreme until you
       | realize the lead risk with anything lower.
       | 
       | https://www.belmont-ma.gov/dpw-water-division/faq/what-is-th...
        
       | ZeroGravitas wrote:
       | > When public health officials in New York, Baltimore, and
       | Chicago tried to enact regulations in the 1950s that threatened
       | the industry's interests, lobbyists visited legislators and
       | governors to get restrictions lifted. They succeeded. When
       | Baltimore's health department called for the removal of lead from
       | paint, the industry countered by proposing and winning a
       | "voluntary" standard, reducing the lead content in paint. When
       | New York City's health department proposed a warning label saying
       | that the product was poisonous to children, the industry rejected
       | the "poison" label and lobbied successfully for another label
       | that simply advised parents not to use it on "toys, furniture, or
       | interior surfaces that might be chewed by children," and
       | deliberately avoided mentioning that lead paint was poisonous. It
       | hired public relations firms to plan out strategies to forestall
       | threats to the lead market.
       | 
       | > The lead industry even sought to place the blame for lead
       | poisoning epidemic on parents and children, claiming that the
       | problem was not with the lead paint but with the "uneducable
       | Negro and Puerto Rican" parents who "failed" to stop children
       | from placing their fingers and toys in their mouths. Children
       | poisoned by lead, the industry claimed, had a disease that led
       | them to suck on "unnatural objects" and thereby get poisoned.
       | 
       | > But the industry wouldn't remove all lead from their products.
       | It fought every attempt at regulation. Industry representatives
       | threatened lawsuits against television stations such as CBS that
       | aired popular shows like Highway Patrol in which the product was
       | depicted as dangerous ... All this despite records that show that
       | the industry knew that their product was poisoning children.
       | 
       | You know how many Americans have a weird dislike of government
       | intervention. These are the guys that paid to make that happen.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | colpabar wrote:
         | But isn't it the government that ultimately prevented the
         | proposed regulations? Why am I supposed to ignore that?
        
         | estaseuropano wrote:
         | The interesting thing is that 'the industry' or a specific
         | company doing obviously evil things is nothing but people. Somr
         | researchers and spin doctors found the arguments. Some
         | marketing expert(s) compiled that text. Another put it in a
         | layout. Another signed off. Another contracted the print.
         | Another printed. None of them took action to stop it - else we
         | wouldn't see it today.
         | 
         | The evil underlying modern American legal and ethical systems
         | is the weird understanding of a company as a concrete thing.
         | This means none of the people that took the steps above ever
         | faced (or even feared) liability.
        
         | AlexTWithBeard wrote:
         | Where these quotes are from?
         | 
         | FWIW, the parent article's question is "why despite of lead
         | being banned for 30+ years we're still getting cases of lead
         | poisoning among children"
        
           | ZeroGravitas wrote:
           | Just a random article on the history, I felt there was a
           | weird vibe of "well kids are being made ill by this lead
           | that's everywhere for unknown reasons" as if it was some
           | natural and unavoidable tragedy, rather than a century long
           | conspiracy in plain sight, driven by greed that got us here.
           | Paint manufacturers were talking publicly about it in 1904.
           | 
           | There's an American amazed at how good the US response to
           | this threat is vs the UK, possibly overlooking that the UK
           | government and industry basically banned it 15 years earlier
           | than the US, massively reducing the scope of the problem.
           | 
           | The Doctor that in America is held as being responsible for
           | proving there was an issue only starting looking into it
           | years after that change in the UK had happened, decades after
           | attempts at legislation started.
           | 
           | I feel there's an important point there that's worth thinking
           | about.
        
         | bendbro wrote:
         | > You know how many Americans have a weird dislike of
         | government intervention. These are the guys that paid to make
         | that happen.
         | 
         | > Americans
         | 
         | > Weird dislike
         | 
         | Sounds like European coping.
         | 
         | > These are the guys that paid to make that happen
         | 
         | A GAN's smooshed rendition of the closing line of every
         | documentary. This style is distinctly le redditour.
         | 
         | What exactly is your background?
         | 
         | Regardless, nobody paid to make Americans dislike government,
         | and if you crack open a history book you'll find that
         | governments did that themselves. I'd recommend you start with
         | the reasons for the bill of rights.
         | 
         | That said we should ban the lead
        
           | ZeroGravitas wrote:
           | The government at the time of the Bill of Rights was voted
           | for by, and therefore represented the interests of, about 6%
           | of the population:
           | 
           | > Generally, states limited this right to property-owning or
           | tax-paying white males (about 6% of the population).[1]
           | However, some states allowed also Black males to vote, and
           | New Jersey also included unmarried and widowed women,
           | regardless of color. Since married women were not allowed to
           | own property, they could not meet the property
           | qualifications.[2]
           | 
           | Like the Magna Carta, and other historical staging-posts
           | towards modern democracy, it was a step in the right
           | direction, but somewhat ridiculous to hold it up as a reason
           | to mistrust government generally.
        
             | bendbro wrote:
             | I never argued that the bill of rights is a reason to
             | mistrust the government. I am arguing that the bill of
             | rights is evidence that Americans have had some unspecified
             | reason to mistrust the government embedded in their culture
             | since founding, well before the lead paint guys started
             | buying power.
             | 
             | > The government at the time of the Bill of Rights was
             | voted for by, and therefore represented the interests of,
             | about 6% of the population
             | 
             | where that population is
             | 
             | > property-owning or tax-paying white males
             | 
             | So are you arguing that mostly white males dislike
             | government intervention? If not, what subpopulation are you
             | arguing it is that dislikes intervention?
        
         | willcipriano wrote:
         | What you are missing is the government didn't regulate anything
         | meaningful in the end. The government threatened to regulate
         | something and that had it's desired effect, lobbyists were
         | hired, dinners were had and campaigns were contributed to. Now
         | having extracted it's protection money, it goes on to protect
         | the organization that paid them with weak regulation to placate
         | voters. This is the system working exactly as the regulators
         | planned.
        
           | AlexTWithBeard wrote:
           | Wait. Are you saying there's no lead regulation in the US?
        
             | willcipriano wrote:
             | Read the OP above, regulations were going to essentially
             | end the lead paint industry, those were scaled back to the
             | point of having little effect. It wasn't until later, when
             | the lead paint companies no longer had money for lobbyists,
             | that we saw meaningful regulation around it. Things like
             | this are just shakedowns that happen in public, if they
             | really wanted to pass regulations they wouldn't do the
             | public "Sure would be a shame if someone regulated you out
             | of business" song and dance at the start.
        
               | MisterTea wrote:
               | > "Sure would be a shame if someone regulated you out of
               | business" song and dance at the start.
               | 
               | From the article:
               | 
               | > "Baltimore's health department called for the removal
               | of lead from paint, ..."
               | 
               | > "When New York City's health department proposed a
               | warning label saying that the product was poisonous to
               | children ..."
               | 
               | What song and dance are you talking about? The only thing
               | I see are agencies doing the job they're supposed to do
               | which is protecting the public while these greedy pig
               | fuckers sabotage them.
        
               | willcipriano wrote:
               | See the words used "called", "proposed" not "enacted".
               | The science and public health issues around this
               | apparently changed once the lead paint companies made
               | donations to the right campaigns and the regulators
               | ensured that the lead paint firms had plenty of time to
               | do that by loudly telegraphing their moves.
               | 
               | If the mob wants to burn your store down, they'll just
               | burn it down. They won't loudly pontificate on the issue
               | unless they want you to try and stop them.
        
               | MisterTea wrote:
               | The simple fact that they wanted paint sold to the public
               | containing lead to be banned or labelled as poison to
               | protect people. There is no way you can think this was an
               | extortion move unless you ate too many paint chips
               | yourself or are a greedy asshole who doesn't give a shit
               | about others (likely caused by the former).
        
               | willcipriano wrote:
               | > The simple fact that they wanted paint sold to the
               | public containing lead to be banned or labelled as poison
               | to protect people.
               | 
               | The simple fact is they had the authority to do that, if
               | they so wished. They decided not to for some reason. Why?
        
               | MisterTea wrote:
               | Why did you edit your original comment?
        
         | ErikVandeWater wrote:
         | > weird dislike of government intervention
         | 
         | History is the best reason not to trust the government, because
         | it has been behind unbelievably evil things; and politicians
         | have promised to solve every problem you can think of 10x over,
         | enacted legislation to do so, and lo-and-behold they all still
         | exist.
        
           | InitialLastName wrote:
           | > History is the best reason not to trust the government,
           | because it has been behind unbelievably evil things;
           | 
           | Government, being effectively the primary means that people
           | have to organize themselves, is a force multiplier for human
           | impact; it's intellectually dishonest to blame it for the
           | unbelievably evil things people have made it do without
           | crediting it for the unbelievably good things.
        
             | ErikVandeWater wrote:
             | I didn't argue the government deserves no credit. Enforcing
             | basic rule of law is essential for life to be anything but
             | miserable. I argued giving it power to "intervene" has a
             | proven track record of (at worst) causing evil things to
             | happen, and (at best) not solving what it has sought to
             | solve.
        
               | InitialLastName wrote:
               | To the topic of this article, it is largely due to
               | government that we aren't still putting lead in our
               | gasoline, paint and water pipes; most of the issue now is
               | in the deteriorating housing stock that our (free-market-
               | driven) development pattern (money goes into sprawl,
               | leaving older, decaying housing stock in the hands of
               | people who can't afford remediation, ditto at a local tax
               | base level) hasn't updated.
        
           | ZanyProgrammer wrote:
           | Such a deep libertarian argument. Truly subtle, nuanced and
           | full of deeply detailed examples.
        
         | thewarrior wrote:
         | And then lead poisoned voters with poor cognitive skills are
         | more easily manipulated into voting against their own interests
         | or their poverty is used to polarize the rest of the electorate
         | and achieve the same outcome.
        
           | jeffbee wrote:
           | COVID-19 survivors also have reduced cognitive abilities,
           | equivalent to about 7 points on IQ scale, which isn't great
           | for countries that have been hit with many infections.
           | 
           | https://www.thelancet.com/journals/eclinm/article/PIIS2589-5.
           | ..
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | Alex3917 wrote:
             | > COVID-19 survivors also have reduced cognitive abilities,
             | equivalent to about 7 points on IQ scale
             | 
             | Ostensibly true for those on ventilators. However, IQ is
             | normed to those who are the same age as you. So if being on
             | a ventilator also takes a couple decades off your life
             | expectancy, then there isn't necessarily any difference, at
             | least if you think of yourself as being a couple decades
             | older.
        
             | chrisco255 wrote:
             | No, they don't. This is a completely false statement.
        
               | xanaxagoras wrote:
               | I dunno, I heard that people who had recovered from
               | COVID-19, including those no longer reporting symptoms,
               | exhibited significant cognitive deficits versus controls
               | when controlling for age, gender, education level,
               | income, racial-ethnic group, pre-existing medical
               | disorders, tiredness, depression and anxiety.
        
               | fartattack wrote:
               | Well if you heard it, it must be true
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | wolfram74 wrote:
               | Completely false in that survivors all have 0 or positive
               | impacts on cognitive abilities?
               | 
               | or that survivors have a range of cognitive impacts, none
               | or only some of which could be the equivalent of 7 iq
               | points?
        
               | random314 wrote:
               | OP has cited the Lancet.
        
               | jMyles wrote:
               | Poorly. The paper in question does not even purport to
               | support this conclusion, when stated in such matter-of-
               | fact terms.
               | 
               | It's a very interesting study, with laudable measures
               | taken to overcome confounding factors. But I imagine the
               | authors cringe when someone flogs it around as "COVID-19
               | reduces your IQ by 7!!!!!"
        
               | mlyle wrote:
               | > OP has cited the Lancet.
               | 
               | In an exceptionally misleading way:
               | 
               | > > COVID-19 survivors also have reduced cognitive
               | abilities, equivalent to about 7 points on IQ scale,
               | 
               | Failing to mention that one key thing:
               | 
               | * He uses "COVID-19 survivors" -- which it sounds like
               | that's everyone who's infected-- to refer to patients who
               | were on a ventilator.
               | 
               | Further, despite attempts at case control, I really doubt
               | the comparison population is well matched to those who
               | actually ended up on a vent.
               | 
               | It's unsurprising there's a decent sized effect for those
               | who are hospitalized in intensive care: this is known _in
               | general_. And it may be a bit overstated here because of
               | confounds.
        
               | camgunz wrote:
               | The paper says
               | 
               | > but also for non-hospitalised cases who had biological
               | confirmation of COVID-19 infection (N = 326)
               | 
               | I think it applies to everyone?
        
               | mlyle wrote:
               | See figure 2. A standard deviation of IQ is about 15 IQ
               | points. Only the ventilator patients have an effect
               | anywhere _near_ the claimed magnitude.
               | 
               | Average across the COVID patients weighted by prevalence
               | of outcomes (to match the overall population's COVID
               | experiences) is more like 0.5-1.0 IQ points. And some or
               | all of this effect may be generated by confounds.
        
               | camgunz wrote:
               | Figure 2 shows a pretty clear correlation between
               | severity of respiratory illness and cognitive deficits.
               | If it were really confounded or a random effect, you
               | wouldn't see 100% correlation like this. I do agree their
               | N could be higher for all groups, but that's really hard,
               | and again the correlation is 100%.
        
               | mlyle wrote:
               | I'm not saying there's not a real effect here. Hell, if
               | there wasn't, that would be unexpected: just about _any_
               | sickness is correlated with measuring lower cognitively
               | for a time afterwards, and being hospitalized and being
               | on a vent are more so, independent of COVID-19.
               | 
               | I'm just saying that:
               | 
               | * The claim that there's a 7 IQ point drop from being a
               | COVID-19 survivor is completely bogus, unless you're only
               | a survivor after being on an ventilator.
               | 
               | * The effect size and causative relationship are dubious,
               | because the controls and matching on this study are
               | imperfect. There's plenty of opportunity for significant
               | confound. E.g. if dumb people were more likely to not
               | take precautions against getting COVID, it would look
               | like getting COVID was associated with lower cognitive
               | performance in this study.
        
               | camgunz wrote:
               | Oh, yeah I see what you're saying now. Yeah it's too much
               | to say getting COVID-19 chops 7 points off your IQ.
        
               | random314 wrote:
               | Makes sense
        
               | neuro007 wrote:
               | Yes, they do. The statement is basically verbatim from
               | the article. They study findings are robust (n~=80000,
               | pvals<1e-5).
        
               | jMyles wrote:
               | To be "basically verbatim," there would need to be a
               | sentence making the same assertion with different
               | wording.
               | 
               | It's true that the paper appears to show cognitive
               | differences lasting months among some subsets of people
               | with previous COVID-19 infections in the UK. It is not
               | true that the paper asserts that being a "COVID-19
               | survivor" reduces IQ by 7.
               | 
               | This is not only not "basically verbatim", but not among
               | the assertions made by this paper.
        
               | mlyle wrote:
               | I suggest you actually read the paper.
               | 
               | * Only the patients on a ventilator showed an effect
               | anywhere near "7 IQ points" --- which was not a metric
               | measured by the paper, but if we're going by about
               | 1/2SD-- (n=44, not 80000).
               | 
               | * The P values are impressive, still, but that doesn't
               | mean that the control population chosen to be "like' the
               | ventilator patients is really equivalent.
               | 
               | * We already know that being in critical care or on a
               | vent is bad for cognitive performance afterwards. Indeed,
               | we know that being sick in _any_ way is bad for cognitive
               | performance for some time afterwards.
        
               | eightysixfour wrote:
               | Is it particularly surprising? The UK Bio Bank study
               | showed a loss of grey matter: https://www.medrxiv.org/con
               | tent/10.1101/2021.06.11.21258690v...
               | 
               | This study was great because they had data from before
               | COVID that was just part of the Bio Bank, so they were
               | able to review participants already in the bio bank based
               | COVID status. 394 COVID patients and 388 controls. Based
               | on a small sample size of only 15 that were hospitalized,
               | it also appears to increase grey matter loss based on
               | severity, although sample size is not large enough to say
               | so conclusively.
        
               | chrisco255 wrote:
               | Pre-print, not peer reviewed. Biased sample, not
               | conclusive. No long term studies done, etc. Also says
               | nothing about IQ. Show me the clinical trials that
               | measure IQ prior to Covid over a broad sample and then
               | measure IQ 3 months, 6 months, 12 months after recovery,
               | etc.
        
               | eightysixfour wrote:
               | You'll have your perfect data in around 5 years. In the
               | mean time, there is significant evidence that suggests
               | COVID impacts the brain. You can ignore it or argue
               | against it all you want, but it is there.
        
               | ipaddr wrote:
               | That sample size isn't enough to say anything without
               | some other controls in place.
        
               | vajrabum wrote:
               | Did you read the article referenced? If not, then I don't
               | see how you have no basis for saying this is completely
               | false. If you did read it, then can you explain how you
               | square your bald assertion with the facts presented in
               | the article. Notice that it's published in a Lancet
               | associated journal. They have pretty high standards and I
               | can't see any conflict of interest on the part of the
               | writers.
        
           | wyager wrote:
           | Exactly which voting bloc do you think is composed of lead
           | poisoning victims?
        
             | warning26 wrote:
             | I think it's pretty clear that severe cognitive impairment
             | would be required to think Trump was a good or effective
             | president.
        
               | pmarreck wrote:
               | Can we please at least skirt around the political claims,
               | here? It's not like disprovably-false things haven't ever
               | been claimed en masse by leftwingers
        
             | pmarreck wrote:
             | Logically it would be the ones living in rural areas with
             | old homes that haven't actually had all their lead removed,
             | yet.
             | 
             | The fact that most rural areas are also conservative is
             | neither here nor there.
        
             | mandmandam wrote:
             | Both.
             | 
             | Smart voters wouldn't allow executive orders, forever wars,
             | bank bailouts, hackable voting machines, winner takes all
             | voting, the destruction of environmental regulations,
             | subsidies to fossil fuel, unwinnable cold wars, outsourcing
             | of all manufacturing, stagnant wages despite record
             | productivity, record inequality, pandemic profiteering,
             | opioid crises with obvious correlations, the smearing of
             | heroes like Assange, etc, etc, etc, etc, etc, etc.
        
         | munk-a wrote:
         | And it keeps happening again and again. The cost to society of
         | prolonged lead usage can't be properly attributed to the
         | damaging parties since they've all long since ceased to be
         | solvent - ditto with the next wave and the wave after that.
         | There is a real problem with insisting that regulations be
         | lifted to allow business development and then ending up with
         | tax payers suffering the long term externalities, we've seen it
         | with global warming (and we're still not properly attributing
         | any costs there) along with fracking and other environmental
         | disasters. In my former state of Vermont a nuclear plant
         | (Vermont Yankee[1]) tried their damnedest to avoid paying for
         | contamination cleanup.
         | 
         | This is a scenario we see play out time and time again.
         | 
         | 1.
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vermont_Yankee_Nuclear_Power_P...
        
           | hinkley wrote:
           | Not only are the companies insolvent, at this point half the
           | perpetrators are probably dead. Just stall long enough and
           | you'll never have to deal with the problems you created.
        
           | philips wrote:
           | Relatedly, I have been working on a project[1] to encourage
           | municipalities to implement stricter land use requirements on
           | gas stations because responsible party searches so rarely pay
           | out. Here is a funny (depressing?) quote from an Oregon DEQ
           | report I read recently:
           | 
           | "The site has a complex history, but the primary
           | owner/operators have been Ron and Nancy Huddleston. The
           | Huddlestons owned and operated the facility from the 1960s
           | through 1979, when they sold the site to Tony and Michel
           | Tocco. In 1987, the Toccos sold or gave the property and
           | business to their son in-law, who after some difficulties
           | running the store, returned it to the Toccos. The Toccos gave
           | it back to the Huddlestons in 1988, who ran the store again
           | until 1993. Finally, in 1993, the Huddlestons sold the store
           | to Dewey Best (now deceased); Mr. Best operated the store
           | until 1995, when he sold it to Harley Frisby, and operations
           | continued under Kim and JeffBomark (Mr. Frisby's daughter and
           | son-in-law). Mr. Frisby sold his interest in 1996 to the
           | Bomarks, who declared bankruptcy in 1998. In May 1999, the
           | bankruptcy court returned the property to the Huddlestons.
           | Based on an ability-to-pay analysis of the Huddlestons, DEQ
           | determined in March 2003 that they are unable to fund
           | required investigation and cleanup activities. DEQ will
           | continue to investigate other parties connected with the
           | property to determine whether they may be responsible for
           | cleanup costs."
           | 
           | [1] https://postpump.org
        
         | GordonS wrote:
         | The level damage that lobbying has caused and continues to
         | cause in the US is absolutely _crazy_ - you could say
         | _poisonous_.
         | 
         | How can this status quo possibly ever be changed though, when
         | the only people who could do so are the ones that benefit from
         | it the most (corrupt politicians)?
        
         | chaostheory wrote:
         | > You know how many Americans have a weird dislike of
         | government intervention.
         | 
         | We have plenty of government intervention, but as you've
         | pointed out these regulations are created by lobbyists for
         | their special interests
        
         | nightski wrote:
         | I have a different take. Americans dislike government
         | intervention because they don't trust the government due to
         | corruption and being so easily manipulated by corporate
         | interests. Fix that instead of granting government more power
         | to wield its corruption.
        
           | yongjik wrote:
           | In other countries, when the government is corrupt, people
           | get outraged and call for reform. In America, when the
           | government is corrupt, people say "Well it's the government,
           | what did you expect?"
           | 
           | America is like this because corrupt corporations spread the
           | meme that the government is always corrupt, lest those pesky
           | people demand that the government actually do something to
           | those corporations.
        
             | unclebucknasty wrote:
             | With all of the arguments about government, elected
             | officials have managed to divert attention from the two
             | reforms that matter most: campaign finance and term limits.
             | 
             | Disastrous rulings like _Citizens United_ , which further
             | codified direct avenues to further government capture
             | should still have people in the streets.
             | 
             | These two reforms would absolutely overhaul our system,
             | greatly diminish corruption, and restore democracy. But,
             | you rarely even hear them discussed.
        
             | colpabar wrote:
             | Any popular movement to address corruption would
             | immediately be decreed a "dangerous conspiracy theory" and
             | demonized by the mainstream media. Any politician would be
             | excluded from mainstream debates. And even if they could
             | get into office, they would be totally unable to do
             | anything, because the rest of the system would be against
             | them.
             | 
             | I know this sounds like more of "well it's the government,
             | what did you expect?" But my point is that the American
             | government is rotten to its core and it's going to take _a
             | lot_ to undo it. In other countries there is sometimes
             | violent revolution, but we consider that unspeakable here.
        
               | scohesc wrote:
               | With the number of firearms scattered around the USA,
               | ripe for the taking (according to the media) - I'm
               | surprised the proverbial nut hasn't been tightened enough
               | for the bolt to shear - yet.
               | 
               | (I am not condoning or encouraging violence in any way
               | with this comment)
        
               | yongjik wrote:
               | Compared to most of the world, America's government
               | system is still very competent and accountable. Think
               | about highways, OSHA, FAA, NASA, etc. I'd certainly not
               | call it "rotten to the core." Other countries' citizens
               | rage not because they have it better than America - they
               | rage because (usually) they have it worse!
               | 
               | But calling it fundamentally corrupt serves as self-
               | fulfilling prophecy, because once citizens internalize
               | the concept that the government is corrupt and nothing
               | can be done (short of an armed revolution), then _of
               | course_ nothing can be done - because even in the most
               | pessimistic scenario America will still take a generation
               | before an armed revolution would look palatable. It sets
               | up the false dichotomy between  "uprooting the society
               | and everyone's lives in it" vs. "doing nothing and saying
               | that nothing can be done."
        
               | trasz wrote:
               | > Compared to most of the world, America's government
               | system is still very competent and accountable.
               | 
               | Compared to third world countries. I'd argue most people
               | complaining how broken US government system is are
               | citizens of developed countries, most of which score
               | better than US.
        
           | watwut wrote:
           | I dont think so. It this would be true, the same Americans
           | would be for interventions that go against corporate
           | interests.
        
             | nightski wrote:
             | Do you have evidence they are not? Because in my (albeit
             | small) circle there is not a single person I know that does
             | not want to restrict money flowing to politicians and/or
             | their campaigns from corporations (even indirectly through
             | paid for advertisements and the like). Everyone wants to
             | crack down on this, but legislators have no incentive to do
             | so.
        
           | Barrin92 wrote:
           | The causality is the other way around. _Because_ Americans
           | distrust their government it is easily hobbled. It 's open to
           | corruption because it's too weak, not to strong.
           | 
           | The US has an usual degree of openness when it comes to the
           | political process. Directly elected representatives, local
           | politics, everything is broadcasted to the public,
           | everything's open to money, and so forth. This kind of
           | openness enables lobbying, it creates the opportunity to
           | influence elected officials, which is considered a feature
           | because it looks superficially 'democratic', but in reality
           | just aids oligarchic interest groups.
           | 
           | The way to fix it is literally give more power to the US
           | government, in particular the executive and regulatory bodies
           | and shield them from outside influence, so they can do their
           | job.
           | 
           | This debate also has an analog on the other side of the
           | political spectrum, namely policing. The US police is not
           | unusually violent because it's too strong but too weak,
           | because there is too much symmetry between force wielded by
           | citizens and force wielded by authority.
        
           | tremon wrote:
           | How do you fix corruption without giving government the power
           | to fight corruption?
        
           | lotsofpulp wrote:
           | That is a lazy take. Americans are the government. By
           | claiming that the government is corrupt, the implication is
           | that you and your fellow Americans are corrupt. The solution
           | has to be getting involved in governance, from local to state
           | to even federal levels depending on your abilities.
           | 
           | Which is unfortunate because there is still a salvageable
           | amount of cohesion and trust in US society (free and fair
           | elections, mostly good people with good intentions not
           | explicitly seeking bribes, etc). At least, on a global stage,
           | we are still in a relatively good spot.
        
             | colpabar wrote:
             | And yours is a naive take. Money wins elections in America,
             | and regular people who would benefit from such regulations
             | do not have enough compared to the industries fighting
             | against it.
        
             | newbamboo wrote:
             | "your fellow Americans are corrupt"
             | 
             | Yes! They are. And lead is the main culprit. Tv and sugar
             | didn't help.
        
             | mandmandam wrote:
             | I honestly don't think any of that optimism is remotely
             | warranted.
             | 
             | And Americans are certainly very, very disconnected from
             | the actual political sausage factory, thanks to corrupt
             | media and corrupt law - why would you give them a pass
             | here?
             | 
             | I'm shocked that so many Americans are so blind to so much
             | rot. You can smell it in the air.
             | 
             | Even the Democrats are seemingly fine with executive
             | orders, the Patriot Act, black sites, extrajudicial
             | killings of American and other friendly nations citizens,
             | smearing and torturing whistleblowers like Assange and
             | Donziger.
             | 
             | "On a global stage", America is seen as the number one
             | threat to democracy and world peace, and has consistently
             | been seen as such since Afghanistan. It's _wild_ that
             | Americans don 't ever seem to grasp how they are seen
             | abroad.
        
             | nickpp wrote:
             | It's first principles reasoning: the only motivation for
             | politicians to become politicians is gaining advantages
             | they can't obtain in the private sector. And since
             | administration jobs don't pay that well, corruption it is.
        
         | dang wrote:
         | Could you please not post generic tangents like this? It's
         | specifically against the site guidelines because it reliably
         | leads to lower-quality, less on-topic, more generic discussion
         | --all of which, unfortunately and predictably, we got below.
         | 
         | Worse, shallow-indignant comments like this tend to get upvoted
         | to the top, where they accrue mass and sit astride the entire
         | thread, crowding out the interesting comments. That's where I
         | found this one when I marked it offtopic (which downweights
         | it). Doing that had a big effect - now there is a diverse
         | assortment of interesting, informative comments for people to
         | read when they first see the thread.
         | 
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/newsguidelines.html
        
       | mcbuilder wrote:
       | I had a horrible experience recently due to a demolition of a
       | 1930s house just a dozen feet away from dozen feet away from our
       | home. I have 3 kids 10 or under, 1 aged 2. The home's exterior
       | was covered in lead paint, probably all original. The contractors
       | doing the job were completely ignorant of the dangers of lead,
       | and did not follow the basic EPA guidelines (e.g. laying down
       | plastic, picking up paint chips, paint chips scattering into our
       | yard, etc). It was basically an illegal operation.
       | 
       | We kept mentioning the problem to them, but you could tell they
       | were ignorant of the dangers. The general contractors quote was
       | "I'd be doing this the same if it was my daughter in your house".
       | 
       | Anyway, I printed out the EPA guidelines, shouted them down when
       | they fired up the back hoe that they were in violation of federal
       | law. Luckily that stalled them for the day it took the city to
       | get out to the site and shut it down. Now the GC was no idiot,
       | but his general attitude was that we were overblowing the
       | problem. When they resumed work, plastic was laid down, they
       | picked up the paint chips, but none of the workers wore masks. If
       | I didn't aggressively take action, nothing would have been done.
        
         | RankingMember wrote:
         | This is super common in my experience: contractors pretending
         | to be ignorant of safety regulations to speed up work.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | wnevets wrote:
         | >but his general attitude was that we were overblowing the
         | problem.
         | 
         | I've had similar experience when talking with contractors about
         | it. I've been told multiple times that unless a child eats a
         | handful everyday its not a problem.
        
         | PragmaticPulp wrote:
         | > Anyway, I printed out the EPA guidelines, shouted them down
         | when they fired up the back hoe that they were in violation of
         | federal law.
         | 
         | When in doubt, call up your city's code enforcement office.
         | They _love_ showing up to work sites and catching contractors
         | violating code. And the contractors will listen, too.
        
           | afandian wrote:
           | A someone outside of the US (and who never quite understood
           | the state/federal divide!), I'm really curious about what
           | state regulatory enforcement is in now. It seemed [0] that
           | the recent Republican government aimed to make as much damage
           | as possible to these safety nets. Are they still there and
           | functional?
           | 
           | [0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_policy_of_the
           | _Do...
        
             | rootusrootus wrote:
             | > who never quite understood the state/federal divide
             | 
             | This is key. The states in the US hold a huge amount of the
             | actual power. As a practical matter the EPA will never be
             | involved with something like this. It will be the state DEQ
             | (or equivalent agency) that really has the teeth.
        
             | cogman10 wrote:
             | The original intent of the US foundation was that state be
             | ran like nations are ran in the EU. That is, for the most
             | part they are independent with a federal government that
             | makes sure everyone plays nice.
             | 
             | That all changed with the civil war and the 14th amendment.
             | After that, the federal government gained a LOT of power
             | that it didn't previously have.
             | 
             | However, it's not something that was universal. In the US,
             | federal still, for the most part, only deals with things
             | that can be conceived to effect more than one state at the
             | same time. There is, for example, no federal murder law.
             | 
             | With that in mind, you have 50 states and for the most
             | part, how the little things are handled are entirely up to
             | each state. What a state will do in regards to regulations
             | and safety nets is simply all over the board.
        
               | danlugo92 wrote:
               | From a non american viewpoint, I find it impressive that
               | states like Florida and Texas have been able to do away
               | with covid restrictions independently of all other
               | states.
        
             | alistairSH wrote:
             | Very generally, federal agencies write nation-wide minimum
             | sets of regulations (which have to be based on laws passed
             | by Congress, which in turn have to be grounded in
             | allowances in the Constitution - powers not explicitly
             | granted to the federal government belong to the
             | people/states [see below]). Some of these federal agencies
             | have enforcement officers, but nowhere near enough to
             | police everything. In the case of the EPA, the rules relate
             | to pollution, toxic materials, etc (lead paint, asbestos,
             | petro-chemicals, etc). FDA is about food production and
             | drug safety. OSHA is work-place safety.
             | 
             | States (and cities, counties, etc) generally have their own
             | building codes and enforcement agencies. But, the states
             | still have to follow federal rules where they exist.
             | 
             | So, in this case, there are EPA rules about lead paint
             | handling. Very likely three are also OSHA rules dealing
             | with worker safety when dealing with lead (wearing a
             | respirator). And while the EPA might have some enforcement
             | officers, they won't be interested in a single house
             | renovation (more likely interested in factories, sky-
             | scrapers, etc). OSHA also has enforcement, but a lot of
             | that ends up being after-the-fact (ie somebody loses a
             | limb, OSHA gets called, and shuts down a factory until
             | remedial action taken).
             | 
             | But, the local building inspectors office is able to
             | enforce the EPA rules as well as local building codes. And
             | there's probably a local work-place safety office as well.
             | But, in the case of small construction jobs, local code
             | enforcement is the easiest/fastest way to get something on-
             | site changed.
             | 
             | With respect to the Trump administration, you are correct -
             | he went out of his way to install department heads who were
             | either incompetent or had business goals opposed to the
             | agency they were tasked with leading.
             | 
             | [] - The 14th Amendment gives the federal government the
             | power to ensure all people are protected equally under the
             | law. Pretty darn broad power there. Similarly, the Commerce
             | Clause in the Constitution grants the federal government
             | the power to regulate trade between the states and other
             | countries. Again, you can read that very widely - pretty
             | much any serious level of commerce impacts more than one
             | state.
        
             | Wohlf wrote:
             | The states and larger cities have their own sets of
             | regulations and enforcement agencies so it's not a simple
             | question, but as best I can tell COVID restrictions and
             | hiring issues have been a bigger blow to regulatory
             | enforcement than the past administration, any changes they
             | made would be marginal in comparison and are likely already
             | undone by the new administration.
        
               | xapata wrote:
               | It's not easy to hire good staff when budgets are cut.
        
         | CapitalistCartr wrote:
         | I'd love to see a massive project to test every child in the
         | nation. It's hard to plan without good data. Once we know who
         | is the worst off, we can better protect everyone. Of course,
         | property owners have massive political clout, and they don't
         | want to find any problems.
        
           | greedo wrote:
           | I'll believe that when I see it. We can't even test for a
           | virus that's killing 400K/year. Nor can we provide safe
           | drinking water for a city that's been stuck with crappy water
           | for years and well publicized to boot.
        
         | derekpankaew wrote:
         | They just got a slap on the wrist? It seems like there should
         | be much heavier penalties for spreading a neurotoxin ... ...
        
         | motohagiography wrote:
         | Would lead paints have a relatively unique RF refractive
         | signature? Wondering if flying a drone with some wave guides
         | could inventory buidlings with external lead paint, and then
         | use the data for permitting to require additional environmental
         | controls.
        
           | ch4s3 wrote:
           | You really only need to know the age of the building to know
           | if it has lead paint, generally.
        
             | giardini wrote:
             | Here's a link if you're worried:
             | 
             | "Lead Paint - What Years Did They Use It?":
             | 
             | https://buyersask.com/education-center/lead-paint-what-
             | years...
        
               | bcrosby95 wrote:
               | Note that every contractor I've spoken to assumes
               | anything built before 1978 has lead paint. My
               | understanding is that it's probably going to be more
               | expensive to test every spot you need to test for lead
               | paint vs just treating it as if it is lead paint in the
               | first place.
        
             | tdumitrescu wrote:
             | If it _had_ lead paint. Could have been scraped and
             | repainted later.
        
       | oh_sigh wrote:
       | There seems to be a disturbing lack of interest in figuring out
       | how these people are actually getting poisoned. Will replacing
       | all the lead pipes actually have an effect? Why is it that
       | hundreds of thousands of people in Rhode Island drink water from
       | lead pipes, but only hundreds are poisoned per year? What about
       | other causes, like lead-based paint exposure, or less obvious
       | things like giving your kid 5oz of fruit juice per day[0]? Every
       | non-child pictured in the article is obese and I begin to wonder
       | what their knowledge or interest in nutrition is - I know
       | multiple people who feed their child way more than 5oz of fruit
       | juice per day, even after I told them about heavy metal concerns,
       | because they can't believe that 'getting fruit' can be bad.
       | 
       | https://www.consumerreports.org/food-safety/arsenic-and-lead...
        
         | klyrs wrote:
         | There are leaded pipes in Flint, MI too. That was fine, until
         | the city changed its water supply. Old lead pipes have a
         | passivating layer, due to reactions with the water -- but
         | changing the pH of the water can strip the passivating layer,
         | and dissolve the lead into drinking water. I don't think
         | there's a "lack of interest" in determining how the poisonings
         | occur (otherwise I wouldn't know this about Flint). But, that's
         | not the purpose of this specific study, which aims to be a
         | cross-sectional analysis of how much lead is in kids' blood.
         | This sort of study can inspire more targeted research into
         | specific causes.
        
           | hinkley wrote:
           | Chloramine also strips the layer, so mixing water from
           | another district that uses chloramine can also cause this
           | problem. Correct me if I'm wrong but wasn't that the case in
           | Flint?
           | 
           | I believe the same thing happened around the turn of the
           | century somewhere in Pennsylvania? In that case it just
           | affected one section of the distribution grid, not the entire
           | city. Somewhere on the order of a thousand kids. IIRC they
           | got free testing and I think some health care for life.
        
         | dm03514 wrote:
         | I'm wondering this too, which exposure vectors? How much
         | exposure is necessary? I really couldn't find anything on it?
         | Will one inhale of lead dust cause poisoning or a spike in
         | levels? Does it require consistent ingestion? Like we know lead
         | is bad for children and the best case is lead free environment,
         | but that's not available to most of us. What's the in between?
         | How does exposure manifest in lead blood levels?
         | 
         | I just bought an old house with known lead paint. I had as much
         | remediated as I could but there is still (covered) lead paint
         | on the radiators, door casings, stairs, soil and porches.
         | 
         | What sort of exposure does this provide my children? How likely
         | are these to be airborne? How much ingested lead dust is
         | necessary to affect my children's blood levels?
         | 
         | We had a baseline blood test before we moved in, but now it's
         | just waiting 4 months until their updated test, and me being an
         | anxious mess and wiping everything down and touching up paint
         | constantly.
        
         | nabla9 wrote:
         | > Why is it that hundreds of thousands of people in Rhode
         | Island drink water from lead pipes, but only hundreds are
         | poisoned per year?
         | 
         | For the same reason why Flint water trough lead pipes was good
         | for decade turned dangerous very quickly after one change.
         | 
         | The questions you asks have answers. Those answers are clearly
         | communicated in the news and research. They are basic
         | information by know for anyone interested.
         | 
         | Just asking them reveals that you don't follow issues. This is
         | not a good way to be skeptic.
        
           | chaganated wrote:
           | The article presented no evidence as to the source of these
           | specific poisonings. " _It was the pipes!_ " is sloppy
           | guesswork. There are so many contaminants in the environment
           | today. It would be better for everyone if they broke out the
           | test kits & left no stone un-turned. Remember what they say
           | about assumptions.
        
         | hpoe wrote:
         | Shhh, don't bring that up. Come on over here we have a nice
         | identity driven controversy to get you invested in, look at how
         | bad this [OTHER GROUP] is, they did this bad thing. Isn't that
         | much more inflammatory, doesn't that make you want to click and
         | complain more. Good, focus on what we tell you is important.
         | 
         | Good see don't you feel that dopamine, doesn't it feel good to
         | be angry about things your identity is invested into.
        
           | dang wrote:
           | Please don't post this kind of thing to HN. Like most high-
           | indignation/low-information comments, it's well below the
           | quality line for interesting discussion.
           | 
           | https://news.ycombinator.com/newsguidelines.html
        
       | bmitc wrote:
       | > "But if you don't test for it, it's like it doesn't exist."
       | 
       | This is exactly it. During our house purchasing process, our
       | state gives you the so-called right to know if lead exists in a
       | house. But all a seller has to do is check on the form that they
       | have no knowledge of lead in the house. The house could literally
       | be filled with it on the walls, door jams, windows, but if they
       | check "we're not sure", then both them and the state have washed
       | their hands of the issue. So basically, you need to test for
       | yourself. Meanwhile, the state has covered their ass by providing
       | the requirement of the disclosure, even though the disclosure is
       | completely worthless. The same goes for radon testing. And it's
       | practically impossible to get an offer accepted if you do not
       | waive your right to test for lead and radon before purchasing.
       | 
       | It's just irritating to me that industries and the government go
       | through all this trouble to do nothing but cover their ass and
       | stop right before they do something that would actually help the
       | issue in the real world. Additionally, nearly all of the stuff
       | you do when purchasing a house protects somebody else except you
       | as a buyer. It's amazing to me that there aren't stricter
       | requirements, standards for testing, and regulations around
       | testing for lead and radon, two things that are easy to test for
       | but have seriously adverse health effects.
       | 
       | Also, it's surprising just how much stuff still has lead in it.
       | When I was researching ideas for a compost bin in my backyard,
       | many suggested wire mesh (aka chicken wire, wire cloth, etc.).
       | However, I found out that the galvanizing process leaves a fair
       | amount of lead on the wire, which could then leach into the
       | resulting compost, then the ground the compost is used on, and
       | then your garden vegetables. Just touching the stuff at the store
       | now means you have lead dust on your hands.
       | 
       | Even researching what soldering wire to use is a pain because
       | apparently leaded solder is just so much "better" when it comes
       | to flowing than non-leaded. It just doesn't seem to be taken that
       | seriously at the hobbyist level (whereas my understanding is that
       | industrial processes already have switched to non-leaded solder).
       | I get that it's easier to use, but what about when kids or pets
       | are around, or you forget to wash your hands, or when disposing
       | of it?
        
         | belval wrote:
         | > Even researching what soldering wire to use is a pain because
         | apparently leaded solder is just so much "better" when it comes
         | to flowing than non-leaded. It just doesn't seem to be taken
         | that seriously at the hobbyist level (whereas my understanding
         | is that industrial processes already have switched to non-
         | leaded solder). I get that it's easier to use, but what about
         | when kids or pets are around, or you forget to wash your hands,
         | or when disposing of it?
         | 
         | I guess I fit in the hobbyist you mention here so I'll try to
         | chime in and explain. I use lead solder for my drone repairs
         | and a few small home automation projects. Lead solder is not
         | really dangerous at a hobbyist scale because the usages are
         | spaced enough that even if you weren't washing your hands each
         | month after soldering the measurable lead in your (or people
         | around you) blood stream wouldn't be anywhere near worrying. In
         | a way it's similar to asbestos, while it's 100% bad, the mere
         | fact of studying in a room that has asbestos in the ventilation
         | probably won't have an impact on your health. It's the longer
         | exposure of say a teacher that worked 30 years in that
         | environment that's much more dangerous.
         | 
         | There is also the tradeoff of non-leaded solder wire that needs
         | higher temperatures. To compensate you would need to use more
         | flux and that flux is a significant threat to your lungs.
        
           | bmitc wrote:
           | > There is also the tradeoff of non-leaded solder wire that
           | needs higher temperatures. To compensate you would need to
           | use more flux and that flux is a significant threat to your
           | lungs.
           | 
           | From what I've read, I did learn that this is an issue. I'm
           | trying to get a setup going at home, and I've been debating
           | on what to do. I know the lead solder can be mitigated and
           | issues only come from handling it (and not breathing it in),
           | but it gets tougher with things I can't control like kids and
           | pets. Also, what do you do with the parts you've soldered?
           | Does handling these not expose you to lead? I think disposal
           | is still an issue.
           | 
           | I think part of my lament is that there just isn't a lot of
           | pressure to find better solder materials for non-industrial
           | use. I'm assuming industrial use has solved problems.
           | Although I can be careful with lead solder at home, it still
           | feels wrong to be buying it and then disposing of it, even
           | through the proper recycling/disposal channels. Lastly, I
           | actually didn't realize until recently that solder had such
           | significant lead portions in it (if I did, I forgot), which
           | means that all the times I handled it at work (admittedly
           | infrequent) was done without that knowledge. That's on me,
           | but that was part of my point that it's in things that may
           | not be clear to people.
        
             | belval wrote:
             | If you are really concerned about flux and lead I would
             | suggest using a lead-free solder with a good (i.e. not the
             | cheap on with "active charcoal filters") fume hood.
             | 
             | As far as handling leaded PCB goes I really don't see it as
             | being an issue unless you voluntarily lick it, and even
             | then I am not sure that there would be nefarious
             | consequences (aside from probably getting sick from
             | leftover flux).
             | 
             | What I do is just use leaded solder but wash my hands
             | afterwards. I solder about every two weeks so I just don't
             | think it would even show up in a blood work. I don't have
             | children but I suppose you can just lock your supplies
             | somewhere or educate them depending on their age.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | mindslight wrote:
         | > _But all a seller has to do is check on the form that they
         | have no knowledge of lead in the house. The house could
         | literally be filled with it on the walls, door jams, windows,
         | but if they check "we're not sure", then both them and the
         | state have washed their hands of the issue_
         | 
         | You're using moralizing language, but what else do you think
         | could happen here? Barring government funding, by-the-book
         | remediation costs a lot of money. So the two options are either
         | completely remediating the lead and offer that as a selling
         | point, or just kicking the can down the road ("I don't know but
         | it was painted before 1978 so make your own informed guess").
         | If the seller checked the box for positive existence of lead,
         | they would be doing you no favors since you'd be getting the
         | exact same physical house, but would also have to check the
         | known-lead box when selling the house down the line.
         | 
         | If you only want to buy a house that has been fully remediated,
         | you could make your offer contingent upon that. But since your
         | offer has to be competitive with the rest of the market, that
         | would cost a similar amount to buying the house as it is and
         | then doing your own remediation afterwards.
         | 
         | If you go to rent that house out and the renters have small
         | kids, then you can no longer kick the can down the road. It
         | makes for a painful immediate situation, but barring government
         | funded remediation or straight up mandating that every bit of
         | lead paint needs to be remediated before a house can be sold
         | (despite it being fine for the majority of people), I don't see
         | how else it could be handled.
        
           | bmitc wrote:
           | One point is that one should be proactive in testing things
           | on your house and property because no one else is going to do
           | it, which is obviously and unfortunately exclusionary due to
           | socioeconomic factors, as the article points out. Although
           | that only gives you power to test things you have control
           | over.
           | 
           | The other point is basically what you've already made by your
           | elaborations. The entire lead and radon disclosure and right
           | to test is basically theater. The disclosures are toothless,
           | and at least in the market I'm in, you will not get an offer
           | accepted if you keep your right to test. So the whole thing
           | is pointless and only exists to protect industries and
           | governments from repercussions. As you've also pointed out,
           | the current process just creates conflicts of interests.
           | 
           | For radon, testing is cheap and easy. I think short term
           | testing or testing records should be required when
           | selling/buying a house with long term testing recommended
           | (and prior long term test logs provided). For lead, I agree
           | that the situation on testing and remediation is more
           | complicated. For one, it shows the major and long-running
           | repercussions to using and allowing lead in the first place
           | and for so long. I.e., there are consequences to our actions
           | and they can create a mess. In my view, _actual_ knowledge is
           | better than the current situation, which is one of theater,
           | covering ass, and conflicts of interests. The practicalities
           | of enforcing that knowledge I think are tough, but it should
           | be better attempted. I don 't think it's reasonable to
           | completely remove lead from houses. That can basically only
           | be done by a gut renovation (to my knowledge). But I do think
           | it's more reasonable to think about testing and logging when
           | it comes to windows, door frames, and other high probability
           | areas, including when these areas were last replaced or last
           | painted.
        
             | mindslight wrote:
             | > _[the seller] and the state have washed their hands of
             | the issue_
             | 
             | I took this as judgement that the seller or the state
             | should be doing something else. Which seems like you, as
             | the new owner of the house, wanting someone else to have
             | completely solved the problem for you without fully owning
             | that stance and paying to get it done. It seemed like you
             | were passing this judgement having only considered half the
             | issue, which feels like the same perspective that got us
             | this useless _do-something_ disclosure legal dance in the
             | first place.
             | 
             | Ignore that feel-good disclosure song and dance, here is
             | the actual knowledge: if you're buying a house that was
             | built before 1978, it behooves you to assume that every
             | painted surface has been painted with lead paint, period.
             | The "what if" scenario isn't the house having lead, it's
             | the house _not_ heaving lead - a newer-built addition
             | _could_ be a lead-free bonus. But barring any written
             | representation by the seller or negative test, that 's the
             | condition of the house.
             | 
             | There are other comments in this thread talking about
             | remediation companies being a racket (not surprising
             | because any time anything gets regulated in such a way, it
             | becomes a captive market). Making testing mandatory would
             | further entrench that racket - eg "your house tested
             | positive for lead when you bought it, and now it's testing
             | negative. How could that have happened without hiring a
             | certified ripoff remediation company?". In reality a P100
             | respirator, good worksite hygiene, and disposal in
             | municipal trash will get the job done (at least last time I
             | checked a decade ago, disposal regs may have changed).
             | 
             | (I'm sympathetic to the socioeconomic angle, but
             | enforcement of current tenant law as written would actually
             | solve that for lead paint, at least in the states I'm aware
             | of. So unless you're thinking a government program that
             | pays for proactive lead remediation, I don't know what else
             | could be done)
        
               | [deleted]
        
             | bcrosby95 wrote:
             | Radon is comparatively cheap to mitigate. Burying your head
             | in the sand about that is kinda dumb.
             | 
             | Completely removing lead is economically unfeasible. When
             | we bought our house, which was built in '72, we replaced
             | all the door jams and window sills. It wasn't as cheap as
             | mitigating radon but it wasn't "tear out all the drywall"
             | expensive, and should generally be good enough as long as
             | you don't let the house completely deteriorate.
        
           | newaccount74 wrote:
           | The problem is that there is an incentive to not check.
           | 
           | But the state could easily change that. The state could
           | introduce a law where the seller must cover remediation costs
           | if lead is discovered after the sale.
           | 
           | Then sellers would have an incentive to check for lead
           | contamination ahead of the sale.
        
           | matheusmoreira wrote:
           | > what else do you think could happen here?
           | 
           | The seller could actually care about the health of the fellow
           | human being they're doing business with.
           | 
           | > proper remediation costs a lot of money
           | 
           | So what? Not doing it means harming other people. That's
           | criminal negligence.
        
             | camhenlin wrote:
             | Inert lead, like asbestos, is safe to be around. It only
             | really becomes a problem if you start taking actions that
             | could allow it to become airborne in some way. There's
             | nothing especially negligent about allowing lead paint to
             | remain somewhere, especially if it's been sealed under
             | layers of non-lead paint as is going to be the case in most
             | situations at this point.
        
               | [deleted]
        
         | throwaway946513 wrote:
         | Only once have I physically encountered leaded solder, and
         | immediately wrapped it up with the lead-acid batteries I had to
         | take to hazardous waste in my city.
         | 
         | I always try to reduce the exposure I have for myself if at all
         | possible. My family's house was built in the 80's and we've
         | ensured that there's no leaded paint on the house or water
         | pipes on the property.
        
         | DanBC wrote:
         | >Even researching what soldering wire to use is a pain because
         | apparently leaded solder is just so much "better" when it comes
         | to flowing than non-leaded.
         | 
         | This used to be true (I remember having to grind through many
         | different solders on different boards for work and they sucked
         | compared to the Multicore 60/40 5 core rosin fluxed solder),
         | but modern alloys are pretty good. Whatever you're using you
         | must use ventilation too, so the comments about flux are
         | already answered.
         | 
         | I feel that there's a much wider range of soldering tasks that
         | solder has to cope with now. In the past hobbyists had single
         | or dual layer PCBs with big pads and through hole components,
         | or stranded wire and big connector buckets. But now we have
         | tiny surface mount components on tiny pads, or a big FET on a
         | 12 layer board with a big ground plane. If it's something
         | you're doing at work you get used to the feel of it and can set
         | your iron station up accordingly, but if you're a hobbyist you
         | don't get that practice and set up time.
        
         | bcrosby95 wrote:
         | I don't understand why people wouldn't bother testing for radon
         | - the mitigation systems tend to be cheap when compared to
         | getting rid of lead, which might involve tearing out all your
         | drywall.
        
         | bluGill wrote:
         | Every realtor has told me not to test for lead paint. If the
         | house is older it has it, so if you test you have to check the
         | box and then the new buyer will make you do something about it.
         | If you don't test though you can remain ignorant.
         | 
         | Every house I've lived in has been painted a few times since
         | lead paint was common, which covers up the problem. Getting rid
         | of lead paint is possible, but not really affordable.
        
       | aaron695 wrote:
       | This article is bullshit.
       | 
       | It's about a kid with autism.
       | 
       | In your little conspiracy world how do you know if the lead gave
       | him autism or a vaccine?
       | 
       | Lead in pipes doesn't cause this sort of severity like reduced
       | speech and suppressed appetite, autism does this. Lead in pipes
       | probably causes nothing. We don't know what it does because if it
       | does do something it is small, it'll be epidemiological.
       | 
       | Just because you watched a blog about the fall of the Roman
       | Empire doesn't mean your fixation on lead in pipes is meaningful.
       | 
       | > As a toddler, he had to be rushed to the hospital and started
       | on months of "chelation" treatments to soak up the lead in his
       | body.
       | 
       | This is very suspicious, I don't believe this is from lead in
       | pipes. Things that come to mind, why not the whole household. Was
       | the house demolished? It won't just be one special house, this
       | should be regular.
        
       | dionidium wrote:
       | I always come away from these articles about lead more confused
       | than before. I grew up in a house that almost certainly had lead
       | paint. We currently live in a house (in Rhode Island) that almost
       | certainly has lead paint (an initial test was inconclusive, but
       | it's very likely). Millions and millions of households have lead
       | paint.
       | 
       | So why was the kid in this article found to have levels many,
       | many times higher than the average kid living in houses with lead
       | paint? What are the practical concerns for a parent living in
       | such a house? What happened here?
       | 
       | It's not even remotely clear.
        
         | ghaff wrote:
         | Presumably living in a house with a lot of old flaking paint
         | with paint chips all over the place. Which is the reason it's
         | generally a class/income problem; houses of poorer people are
         | often less well-maintained--especially if they're rented. In
         | general, the houses with lead paint owned by people who are
         | better off have the lead fairly well covered with newer paint.
         | And/or lead pipes which haven't been updated.
        
       | theptip wrote:
       | I suspect that if we did an ROI calculation on government funding
       | to remove lead from buildings, we'd find a very good return vs.
       | other spending in the infrastructure bills. This could serve as a
       | solid backlog of Keynesian stimulus to inject money & jobs into
       | the economy in recessions.
       | 
       | I recall in 2008 the recovery act included funds for broadband
       | build-out, which took years to actually get through planning, and
       | so did not serve the stated goal of getting people back to work;
       | seems like you could do many of these smaller lead removal
       | projects on a much shorter timeframe (especially during a
       | recession when construction resources would tend to be
       | underutilized as investment dries up).
        
       | k2enemy wrote:
       | A few years ago I bought a 90 year old house and it was an eye
       | opening experience.
       | 
       | My state has fairly strict lead laws and a lead paint test is
       | required if you purchase a house built before a certain date and
       | have children below a certain age. But I only knew that because I
       | carefully read all paperwork in the process. No realtor mentioned
       | it, but begrudgingly agreed when asked about it. None of my
       | friends with kids had done a lead test when they purchased homes
       | built before the cutoff date. Many of whom have gone on to do
       | renovations.
       | 
       | So I get the lead test (independent lead testing company as
       | required by state law) and many painted wooden surface had lead
       | paint at the base layer (but not the top). The required mediation
       | was for all lead paint to be removed from friction surfaces and
       | windowsills, and all other surfaces needed intact paint over the
       | lead paint.
       | 
       | It cost $40k for the remediation and they did an absolutely
       | horrible job. Zero common sense. It didn't fit the letter of the
       | law or spirit of the law. The house would have been hardly safer
       | than before mediation. Yet it passed independent inspection with
       | no problem. I had to fight hard to get the remediation company to
       | come back and fix the sloppy work. It took almost $60k and
       | delayed moving in to the house for four months.
       | 
       | I came away from the experience convinced that the lead
       | remediation operations in my area are a racket. The inspectors
       | don't care. The remediators don't care. And I only know one other
       | family that even bothered to do the required testing when they
       | bought their house. And this is in a fairly affluent area. So it
       | does not surprise me that we have a lead poisoning problem.
        
         | sokoloff wrote:
         | There's a reason people avoid the testing. It's because the
         | remediation companies are a racket and the fact of learning you
         | have lead in the house is value destructive way beyond the
         | value gained from the knowledge.
         | 
         | My house was built in 1926. I'm sure it had lead paint. The
         | windows have all been replaced with (crappy) vinyl windows. If
         | that wasn't the case, we'd have done it, but otherwise, I had
         | no intention to perform any testing for lead paint.
        
         | nate_meurer wrote:
         | Sloppy remediation can make the problem worse. Can you talk
         | more about the work they did on your house?
        
       | denimnerd42 wrote:
       | I live in a 1920s home. No asbestos that I know of thankfully but
       | it does have lead paint that's been covered by 20+ layers of
       | paint. The windows are the biggest concern since they are
       | original and in relatively poor condition. They are painted shut
       | so no issues of paint chipping off during opening. Unfortunately
       | single pane windows are just prone to condense water which leads
       | the paint to chip so annual re-painting is what I do. My young
       | toddler loves playing on the windows and there's not much one can
       | do to stop him. I just try to wash his hands before meals.
       | 
       | Also it's frustrating because I asked my pediatrician for blood
       | lead test and they wouldn't do it as they said it's unnecessary.
       | I am going to switch doctors and try to push harder at the next
       | checkup. I've heard there is a finger prick test that's not very
       | good and then a blood draw that's actually fairly good but of
       | course more invasive.
       | 
       | I'm sure the neighborhood has lead all over in the soil so it'd
       | be nice to keep an eye on the levels. There's also some more
       | modern concerns like the shredded tires used in one playground or
       | the crumb rubber used in another.
        
         | howdydoo wrote:
         | >I asked my pediatrician for blood lead test and they wouldn't
         | do it as they said it's unnecessary
         | 
         | Ask to get that refusal in writing. I bet they'll change their
         | mind.
        
         | cure wrote:
         | > Also it's frustrating because I asked my pediatrician for
         | blood lead test and they wouldn't do it as they said it's
         | unnecessary. I am going to switch doctors and try to push
         | harder at the next checkup. I've heard there is a finger prick
         | test that's not very good and then a blood draw that's actually
         | fairly good but of course more invasive.
         | 
         | Huh, yeah, sounds like you need a better pediatrician. That's
         | not cool.
         | 
         | Several states in the Northeast also have mandatory testing for
         | lead levels for young children.
        
         | matheusmoreira wrote:
         | > Also it's frustrating because I asked my pediatrician for
         | blood lead test and they wouldn't do it as they said it's
         | unnecessary.
         | 
         | It's certainly not part of the usual screening tests but it
         | would make sense for certain populations. Lead exposure seems
         | to be more common in the USA, the CDC even recommends testing.
         | In my country lead exposure is most common in certain jobs and
         | those workers are certainly tested every 6 months or so.
         | 
         | > I've heard there is a finger prick test that's not very good
         | and then a blood draw that's actually fairly good but of course
         | more invasive.
         | 
         | The finger prick test is more sensitive. It has a higher rate
         | of false positives. A negative result is good but a positive
         | result must be followed up with a proper blood test.
        
       | newbamboo wrote:
       | This is why the romans couldn't accomplish much. They would go to
       | watch Christians being fed to the lions. Not at all unlike
       | contemporary American culture. I hate lead so much.
        
       | AlexTWithBeard wrote:
       | To add some more color to the discussion: a water filter removing
       | 99% of lead from water can be had for under 50 bucks.
       | 
       | https://www.consumerreports.org/products/water-filters-32980...
        
         | im3w1l wrote:
         | Is bone demineralization an issue when using filters like that?
        
           | r00fus wrote:
           | Even if you drink distilled water, you get plenty of those
           | "dissolved solids" from actual food (or if you're extra
           | paranoid, a supplement).
        
           | nate_meurer wrote:
           | Why would it be?
        
           | exhilaration wrote:
           | No, carbon filters don't remove calcium and other minerals
           | from water. You'd need a reverse osmosis filter for that. Or
           | a water softener, but that won't filter lead.
        
         | newaccount74 wrote:
         | The average family uses a lot more water than a pitcher like
         | that can filter in a day.
        
           | AlexTWithBeard wrote:
           | Brita uses 2 gallons per day as a guideline [1] for a small
           | filter.
           | 
           | Which is pretty much the recommended 2 liters per day per
           | person for the family of four.
           | 
           | [1] https://www.hunker.com/13408481/how-often-do-you-really-
           | need...
        
             | newaccount74 wrote:
             | I was thinking that you'd want to use filtered water for
             | cooking/washing foods/etc and not just for drinking.
             | 
             | But I guess just filtering the water you drink is probably
             | already a big win.
        
           | ars wrote:
           | You can install 06-250-10-GREEN or 06-250-125-975 in an
           | undersink filter.
        
           | dpflug wrote:
           | We have a similar one with a larger reservoir. I haven't
           | measured, but it can easily filter several gallons a day. If
           | we needed more, I'd buy a second.
           | 
           | If you can, under-sink filters are cheaper/gal and more
           | convenient.
           | 
           | Make sure you're using fluoride toothpaste so your pearly
           | whites stay pearly.
        
       | 1cvmask wrote:
       | This reminds me of the Flint, Michigan water drinking
       | "controversy":
       | 
       | https://www.freep.com/story/news/local/michigan/flint-water-...
       | 
       | Obama In Flint: 'Can I Get Some Water?' | NBC News
       | 
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AjugN-nUHh8
        
       | gengelbro wrote:
       | This might be my hobby horse, and I've commented to this effect a
       | few times in the past, but here goes:
       | 
       | Hobby aviation still uses leaded fuel and this is detectable near
       | regional airports. The primary reason for this that the vast
       | majority of the existing fleet is stuck in the 1970s essentially
       | as new airframes and engine designs are expensive and viewed as
       | risky.
        
         | sokoloff wrote:
         | It is risky without a drop-in fuel.
         | 
         | There is a significant, recent milestone on the journey here:
         | https://www.avweb.com/aviation-news/faa-approves-600-engines...
         | 
         | That accounts for around 25% of the gallons sold per year, but
         | the underlying engineering is in better shape than that first
         | step regulatory approval indicates. (The fuel has been running
         | in the test cell and flying in the higher-powered, tighter-
         | margin engines for years already with the airplanes in the
         | experimental-R&D category.)
        
         | edrxty wrote:
         | The FAA just approved a blanket lead free replacement. It's
         | still being rolled out but it shouldn't be an issue for much
         | longer.
        
         | gengelbro wrote:
         | A huge amount of this, "spraying lead on your head" is not for
         | training or any similar purpose, but for amusement.
        
           | edrxty wrote:
           | The vast majority is flight training, fulfilling currency
           | requirements and commercial operations (135 charter ops,
           | survey and similar, fire fighting, etc.)
           | 
           | Most of the pushback against lead free fuel is actually from
           | the commercial operators that consume the vast majority of
           | the fuel and operate higher compression engines that need the
           | octane boost normally obtained with lead. The recreational
           | side could have switched ages ago if not for the shared
           | infrastructure. The recreational part 91 side is already
           | increasingly using automotive gasoline through newer engines
           | (rotax 91x series), increasingly common EAB airframes and
           | mogas STCs. Given that auto gas is half the price in most
           | areas, the cost sensitive recreational market has already
           | been moving in that direction.
        
             | gengelbro wrote:
             | > The vast majority is flight training
             | 
             | Can you substantiate that claim for me? I've never seen a
             | breakdown, since you've claimed 'vast majority' perhaps you
             | know better.
        
       | wittyusername wrote:
       | We bought some children's sized coat hangars off Amazon and used
       | a lead testing kit on them. They popped positive for lead :(
       | 
       | No name brand from China. I wonder what else in our lives might
       | have lead in it..
        
         | dwater wrote:
         | Lead is still popular in alloying metals because it's ductile,
         | easy to work, and easy to machine. I would assume if I was
         | buying a brass product made in China it would have lead in it.
         | I try to buy copper and brass plumbing products made in the US,
         | South Korea, or other countries with strong regulation and
         | legal systems.
        
           | throwaway0a5e wrote:
           | Leaded brass fittings are still permitted for non-potable
           | applications. You won't find them at Home Depot and other
           | places that have giant consumer lawsuit targets on their back
           | but if you're buying fittings not commonly used for potable
           | water from sources that mostly do B2B sales you'll still
           | encounter them and (IMO it's basically a non-issue in that
           | context).
        
         | derbOac wrote:
         | To add additional dimensions to this, because the risk of lead
         | per se is so salient, there's been a shift to using other
         | metals such as cadmium as a substitute. Can't use lead because
         | it's got so much baggage! Use cadmium instead!
         | 
         | There's a different set of issues involved with different
         | substances -- many problems associated with lead are due to its
         | historical use -- but lead is not the only heavy metal causing
         | problems with health.
         | 
         | Not meaning to undermine what you're saying -- on the contrary,
         | I think it's more widespread than people realize.
        
         | bhouston wrote:
         | I bet a bunch of Wish, Amazon and AliExpress cheap goods are
         | filled with toxic chemicals.
        
           | jakub_g wrote:
           | FR gov asked Google and others last month to shadow ban Wish
           | as they're basically a hazardous materials shop.
           | 
           | https://www.reuters.com/technology/france-take-steps-
           | against...
        
       | jquast wrote:
       | Just bought a 1985 home in rural Michigan with well water,
       | testing for lead was never required by any part of the process.
       | Post-sale I paid for a detailed water analysis, about $200, which
       | found 4PPB of Lead. I called a few plumbers and they weren't
       | willing to do any inspection or make any recommendations.
       | 
       | It cost about $6k in total to install a (Kinetico) water softener
       | & RO system to remove it from my drinking water.
       | 
       | I previously lived in Flint during the early few years of the
       | changes that introduced high lead levels in the city drinking
       | water. I tell this to doctors but they suggest there isn't any
       | tests they can do, as it is deposited into tissues and bones and
       | not really found in blood tests, that such tests are typically
       | for children.
       | 
       | I guess I'm just saying there is no doubt I've had a great deal
       | of lead in my drinking water throughout my life so I think a lot
       | about how it shaped me and the communities I've lived in, how it
       | shaped my experience with school and work.
       | 
       | How many people are being treated for anxiety, anger, or
       | depression in a seemingly incurable medicated loop, all the while
       | unknowingly exposed to lead?
       | 
       | Anyway as a PSA, I suggest that you should only believe that your
       | water is lead-free when it has been tested directly from the tap
       | and you have a report of 0PPB. Landlords and home sellers have a
       | financial incentive to ensure that such testing is never done,
       | and if lead is found, I don't know what can be done other than
       | pulling out your wallet one way or another
        
       | adolph wrote:
       | _Findings This cross-sectional study linking Quest Diagnostics
       | childhood lead testing and US Census data captured individual-
       | and community-level disparities in lead exposure from October
       | 2018 through February 2020. In adjusted models, the proportion of
       | children with detectable (>=1.0 mg /dL) and elevated (>=5.0
       | mg/dL) [Blood Lead Levels] BLLs increased significantly among
       | those with public insurance and for progressive quintiles of
       | community pre-1950s housing and poverty._
       | 
       |  _Results Of the 1,141,441 children (586,703 boys [51.4%]; mean
       | [SD] age, 2.3 [1.4] years) in the study, more than half of the
       | children tested (576,092 [50.5%; 95% CI, 50.4%-50.6%]) had
       | detectable BLLs, and 21,172 children (1.9% [95% CI, 1.8%-1.9%])
       | had BLLs of 5.0 mg /dL or more._
       | 
       | https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapediatrics/article-abst...
        
       | trezemanero wrote:
       | teehee amongus sus
        
       | nfw2 wrote:
       | In 2014 I consulted my father, a lawyer, in writing an amicus
       | brief to a lawsuit relating to lead exposure in baby food.
       | 
       | Basically, lead exposure testing in food can have highly-variable
       | results because of how the particles adhere to the food
       | substrate, variability between food batches, and the way the
       | exposure tests work. Because of this, lead exposure testing
       | generally involves testing several samples and taking the mean to
       | estimate the real level of exposure.
       | 
       | Despite several samples showing high levels of lead, the defense
       | got off by claiming that the geometric mean was the correct
       | average to use to infer the total exposure. This is obviously
       | incorrect because the geometric mean is a multiplicative mean.
       | With a geometric mean, all you need is one sample with lead
       | exposure close to 0 to get a mean that's close to 0, even if all
       | the other samples tested positive for extreme levels of lead
       | exposure.
       | 
       | Just as a sanity check, we checked official literature on food
       | toxicology, and every resource we could find stated that using
       | arithmetic mean was the correct methodology, and not one
       | mentioned geometric means.
       | 
       | The defense ended up winning the case, which is absolutely
       | horrifying because 1.) baby food is the most dangerous product
       | imaginable to contain lead and 2.) now there is a legal precedent
       | to defend yourself against lead exposure claims using total BS
       | statistics.
       | 
       | Edit: thankfully, it looks like the FDA is getting involved now
       | https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/2021/10/01/baby-foods-co...
        
         | BeetleB wrote:
         | > With a geometric mean, all you need is one sample with lead
         | exposure close to 0 to get a mean that's close to 0, even if
         | all the other samples tested positive for extreme levels of
         | lead exposure.
         | 
         | Not going to comment on whether arithmetic or geometric mean is
         | more appropriate, but your comment is incorrect.
         | 
         | Yes, a number close to 0 brings everything down. But then you
         | take the nth-root, which brings it back up again. Some examples
         | - assume one of the numbers is 0.01 (close to 0).
         | 2 samples means square root - that becomes 0.1         3
         | samples means cube root - that becomes 0.215         10 samples
         | means 10th root - that becomes 0.63         20 samples means
         | 20th root - that becomes 0.794
         | 
         | The more samples, the less impact an outlier like a number
         | close to 0 will have.
         | 
         | Put another way, the arithmetic mean has the same problem.
         | Extreme outliers can greatly influence the sum. But if you have
         | enough samples, each extreme outlier is tempered a bit by
         | dividing by n.
        
           | nfw2 wrote:
           | If you want to be precise, what I meant was that there is no
           | level of exposure in the first n samples so great that the
           | geoemetric mean of n+1 samples is certain to be over any
           | arbitrary value X
           | 
           | This is not true of arithmetic mean. If you have 9 samples
           | with value 10, then the arithmetic mean of 9 samples plus one
           | more is certainly at least 9.
        
             | BeetleB wrote:
             | Ignoring the context, and speaking only to the math, the
             | two examples you give are not analogous.
             | 
             | In a geometric mean, picking a number below 1 is the
             | equivalent of picking a _negative_ number in the arithmetic
             | mean. The multiplicative identity is 1, and the additive
             | identity is 0. Going below 1 for the geometric mean is like
             | going below 0 in the arithmetic mean. So mathematically,
             | you do not have a guarantee with the arithmetic mean
             | either.
             | 
             | Of course, in your case, the numbers aren't allowed to be
             | negative. Either approach you take, there is some
             | "contextual" bias going on.
        
               | nfw2 wrote:
               | Why is it helpful to ignore the context? My examples
               | clearly state I am making statements in the context of
               | taking exposure samples
        
           | montalbano wrote:
           | I think you're making potentially invalid assumptions about
           | the about the relative scales of the numbers involved.
           | 
           | The issue is that if the small outlier leads to the product
           | being less than 1, the degree of the root doesn't matter
           | because the largest value possible of the n-th root
           | approaches 1, which may be below whatever meaningful
           | thresholds are relevant here.
        
       | errcorrectcode wrote:
       | Awareness with surveillance is important. Leaded gasoline (TEL),
       | lead pipes, and leaded paint were a problem for IQ before the
       | 1980's that most Americans view as "solved" today.
       | 
       | https://www.damninteresting.com/the-ethyl-poisoned-earth
       | 
       | Here's what the CDC recommends:
       | 
       | https://www.cdc.gov/nceh/lead/prevention/sources.htm
        
         | errcorrectcode wrote:
         | It sounds like a problem of poverty means old buildings were
         | never decontaminated.
        
           | bcrosby95 wrote:
           | It's also an issue of disrepair.
           | 
           | Any house built in the 70s (or before) in California probably
           | has lead paint. Which is a lot of them - that's when the
           | primary population booms occurred. Those houses aren't being
           | stripped of all paint, instead you need to keep the paint in
           | good condition.
        
             | geekbird wrote:
             | I literally can't get my 1904 Victorian house painted with
             | any of the modern energy saving paint on the outside
             | because the contractors all look at the age of the house
             | and say "that's a lead job" and then can't find a
             | remediation contractor, plus want to charge me $100k for a
             | paint job. But the house has been pressure washed and
             | repainted with lead-free pain by the former owner. Has me
             | tearing my hair, since I'm disabled and can't climb ladders
             | to do it myself. So my house has a decaying paint job.
        
               | [deleted]
        
           | johncessna wrote:
           | It's a hard problem.
           | 
           | Remediating lead is _expensive._ The standard appears that
           | you sign an attestation that you don 't know there's lead in
           | the house. This leads to a situation where no one actually
           | does any testing.
           | 
           | Lead pipes and contaminated ground have their own challenges,
           | but I was under the impression that the cheap way to
           | remediate lead paint was to paint over it. Is that not the
           | case, or have these places not been painted in 45 years?
        
             | sokoloff wrote:
             | If you have a window or door that inherently rubs during
             | usage, merely painting over it won't fully eliminate the
             | lead dust exposure. Similarly, chipping paint (from
             | ordinary wear) will often chip off all layers of paint.
             | 
             | Painting over it helps, but isn't an elimination.
        
             | errcorrectcode wrote:
             | It's "screw the poor by sticking ones head in the sand."
             | 
             | Paint chips. Kids touch the paint underneath, don't wash
             | their hands, and then ingest toxic residue with their food.
        
               | randomifcpfan wrote:
               | No, what happens is they eat the paint chips, because
               | lead is sweet.
               | 
               | https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/news/publications/health-
               | matt...
        
         | hinkley wrote:
         | Urban areas still have high lead content in the soil. The
         | obvious one is around the foundation due to paint flecks, but
         | also any soil near the street, due to accumulation from car
         | exhaust.
        
       | questiondev wrote:
       | i worked construction for a bit, and you wouldn't believe the
       | exceptions we made for certain "historic" buildings. i remember
       | discussing this with my foreman, we were in an impoverished area
       | of the city that just so happened to be "historical" by the
       | cities standards. i am a-ok with preserving the past but these
       | engineers told us that when we pull out the old lead piping, we
       | gotta replace it with another lead pipe to "preserve the
       | historical value" of the property. this was the lateral going
       | into the housing from the water main. do you realize how
       | ridiculous that is? their excuse was that lead pipes deal with
       | expansion and contraction better than pvc, or some other type of
       | piping. and they said that the inside of the pipes are now coated
       | with some type of sealant that keeps the lead from seeping into
       | the residence water supply. so next time you buy a city property
       | make sure you check the water laterals, you can get this
       | information from the city engineering office. i think the records
       | are found in the same building as where you get your construction
       | permits but you'll have to double check.
        
       | willis936 wrote:
       | I just put in a countertop RO system. It's likely too late for
       | me, but if I have kids I'll do my best to keep them from having
       | dementia.
        
         | errcorrectcode wrote:
         | Never drank city water, it's always disgusting regardless if
         | it's toxic or not.
         | 
         | I've put in and maintained 3 RO under sink systems, but I've
         | never heard of a countertop one. Does it have a product tank?
         | How much are the consumable parts?
         | 
         | Currently, since I'm in an apartment, I have a subscription at
         | an independent commercial/retail water store that has a
         | 10-stage system. My mom's house has a 3-stage whole house water
         | filter down to .2 micron, a water softener, and a 6-stage RO
         | filter with UV sterilization. The whole house and RO systems
         | use commodity parts and filters so they're not as expensive as
         | those branded ones with proprietary "easy change" filters.
        
           | bastardoperator wrote:
           | I use RO for my garden, but not for drinking. The amount of
           | water waste for a commercial RO system is fairly large. For
           | what it's worth the WHO also claims low TDS water long term
           | is not good for health/intestines/kidneys.
           | 
           | https://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/dwq/nutrientscha.
           | ..                 * Direct effects on the intestinal mucous
           | membrane, metabolism and mineral homeostasis or other body
           | functions.            * Little or no intake of calcium and
           | magnesium from low-mineral water.            * Low intake of
           | other essential elements and microelements.            * Loss
           | of calcium, magnesium and other essential elements in
           | prepared food.            * Possible increased dietary intake
           | of toxic metals.
        
             | willis936 wrote:
             | Is this paper a joke? The adverse health effects they list
             | are under the noise floor and there is no mention of the
             | alternative being risking exposure to heavy metals with
             | health risks far above the noise floor. Additionally, the
             | recommendations entirely ignore the idea of
             | remineralization. I have to wonder why they would publish
             | such an incomplete study and conclude it with dangerous
             | guidance.
        
               | bastardoperator wrote:
               | Because remineralization doesn't actually work? Makes
               | perfect sense to remove the minerals just to add them
               | back.                 Many water treatment companies
               | suggest that because reverse osmosis systems remove the
               | minerals from water that you should add a remineralizing
               | filter afterwards for the purpose of restoring minerals
               | to your water. I've tested these filters and while the pH
               | rose dramatically due to carbonates in the filter there
               | were no minerals added.            A number of companies
               | use coral calcium as the remineralizing filter and it is
               | true that coral calcium contains some 70 trace minerals.
               | The problem is that the water passing through a filter
               | system is not in contact with the coral calcium long
               | enough to dissolve it.   The water picks up carbonate and
               | as a result the pH increases but essentially no minerals
               | are added. You might see trace amounts of calcium and
               | magnesium.
        
           | willis936 wrote:
           | I bought an Express Water setup that cost $150 with a 3 year
           | supply of filters for $90. I also got an alkaline stage that
           | I put just before the carbon post filter (it wouldn't fit in
           | the kit otherwise). Water input and waste output screws into
           | the kitchen sink aerator.
           | 
           | There is no tank, which was the biggest con to me when
           | weighing my options. I considered getting a tank to put
           | inline with the output, but I don't think my pressure is high
           | enough and my SO would not appreciate the counter space loss.
           | I've been using a large Brita tank in my fridge for many
           | years, so I just fill that up daily. It's about 30 minutes of
           | babysitting: very reasonable while doing other chores. It
           | isn't as convenient as it could be, but its a solution that
           | fits the shape of the problem.
        
           | ClumsyPilot wrote:
           | As a european I find this seriously disturbing.
           | 
           | We've had water supply for hundreds of years, even in Russia
           | it is generally decent, there is no excuse for a first world
           | country.
           | 
           | Bottling industry is harmfull, wastefull and inefficient.
        
       | ryankask wrote:
       | As an American living in the UK, it's interesting to see the
       | disparity in almost all aspects of the treatment of lead. In the
       | US, for example, there is an abundance of research and activism
       | coupled with laws and a huge abatement/remediation industry. In
       | the UK, however, where there is a large stock of old housing that
       | very likely contains lead paint, pipes, and other products, there
       | is nothing comparable.
       | 
       | Are children in the UK silently suffering from lead poisoning, or
       | "losing IQ points"? I have lead paint in my house and If I took
       | my children to get tested at the GP, I would expect a strange
       | look in response.
       | 
       | Compare this to asbestos, where a survey is always recommended
       | when purchasing an older property in the UK. While I think a lead
       | survey would be suggested in the US if purchasing a pre-1978
       | property (and is required in some areas when renting to a family
       | with children), I would guess only a handful are done here every
       | year.
        
         | walrus01 wrote:
         | > In the UK, however, where there is a large stock of old
         | housing
         | 
         | note that the article mentions Rhode Island. The US northeast
         | is full of a lot of very old houses, and is a lot "closer" to
         | the UK in terms of age of average house than the US western
         | states.
        
           | ghaff wrote:
           | Basically all older houses in the Northeast US--which as you
           | say is many of them--have lead paint to greater or lesser
           | degrees. (As well as elsewhere of course. It's just that the
           | average age in the Northeast tends to be older.) If you get
           | new windows installed for example, the installers just assume
           | they have to take lead mitigation efforts. There's really not
           | much you can do about it other than covering it up with new
           | paint.
        
         | xwolfi wrote:
         | In France lead paint completely disappeared.
         | 
         | But the main driver of criminal behaviour and loss of IQ is
         | lead gasoline you breath all day long anyway and that's nearly
         | gone too. I think Algeria is finally removing it this year, it
         | was one of the last country.
        
           | Svip wrote:
           | Algeria ended it this summer.[0]
           | 
           | [0] https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2021/aug/30/leade
           | d-p...
        
           | throwaway946513 wrote:
           | I'm curious as to if Cuba still uses leaded gasoline, as
           | quite a few years ago I spent a night in Havana during a
           | cruise and some sight-seeing around the old city.
           | 
           | I knew that the exhaust of vehicles smelled different from
           | the U.S., or even busy cities in the U.S.
        
             | trasz wrote:
             | Cuba might not have a choice, thanks to US sanctions.
        
         | thingification wrote:
         | I suspect there is lead pipe in my water supply in London, UK.
         | I got a lab test done in Germany -- I checked the German
         | standards and I believe they mandate the use of the appropriate
         | testing techniques; it seems impossible to get a reliable test
         | done in London. The measured lead concentration was not above
         | the last EU recomended safe level before they decided there was
         | no safe level, but it wasn't much lower than that either.
         | 
         | The agency in London responsible, Thames Water, will replace
         | any lead pipe in the public network leading to your building if
         | you agree to replace any lead pipe on your property within 3
         | months.
         | 
         | But I live in a "leasehold" flat (common in London). So "you"
         | for the purposes of that agreement would be not me but the
         | "freeholder", who is responsible for building maintenance. To
         | get them to do anything, I have to go to a lot of effort to get
         | action out of the "management company" hired by the freeholder
         | (and probably then be blamed by other leaseholders -- most of
         | whom don't live here -- for costing them money to replace the
         | pipe). I followed up with them maybe four times before giving
         | up. I'm not the customer of the freeholder or of the management
         | company. Reading up on the impact on adults (thought to be low
         | compared to the impact on kids), I decided to just run my tap
         | for a few minutes every day and store water to drink for that
         | day (wasting lots of water in the process). I notified the
         | other residents, some of whom have children, suggesting I could
         | help take it further if others helped out. Nobody responded.
        
         | ZeroGravitas wrote:
         | The official guidance is to not test, since the test wasn't
         | very good, the number of kids with genuine issues is low (so
         | high false negative rate) and the treatments being dangerous if
         | you don't actually have the problem.
         | 
         | It should be relatively easy to get someone to test your water
         | though, and get that sorted if there's an issue found.
        
           | hinkley wrote:
           | The intersection of "your neighborhood has lots of lead in
           | it" and "you flunked an inaccurate test" probably has a lot
           | fewer false positives in it, right? You _were_ exposed to
           | lead. You might have lead poisoning, we can 't be certain,
           | but you're categorically in danger of getting it, based on
           | environment and/or behaviors.
        
             | ZeroGravitas wrote:
             | Note, I'm talking about UK guidance. Possibly they're
             | missing some cases, but they do have a program of
             | nationwide testing to monitor if there's any issues and the
             | NHS has a direct financial incentive to report it and get
             | it fixed via prevention if it's an issue.
        
         | jraby3 wrote:
         | As a landlord in the US I have to sign a lead paint disclosure
         | every year for my tenants stating I have no knowledge of lead
         | paint on the property. This may be state specific though.
        
           | Nasrudith wrote:
           | Related New Jersey had an odd requirement of repainting
           | between tenants of apartments to try to remediate it.
           | (Cynically kickbacks seem more likely given a proper
           | stripping would fix it more permanently.)
        
             | bluGill wrote:
             | Landlords need to paint every few years. The better ones
             | are painting between tenants anyway. Paint is cheap, and
             | covers a lot of ugly (most of it harmless ugly). Thus I
             | doubt the state got much push back. Doing a proper lead
             | mitigation would be expensive.
        
           | vkou wrote:
           | I got one of those papers from my landlord. It's a beautiful
           | document that I can, at best, use as toilet paper.
           | 
           | My landlord has no knowledge of _any_ of the work that was
           | done on the building, prior to him buying it. The previous
           | managers did _not_ keep meticulous records.
           | 
           | Is there lead paint on the property? Maybe. Maybe not. My
           | landlord not knowing about it doesn't change anything in this
           | equation.
        
             | ghaff wrote:
             | If the property is older than the mid-1970s or so, it
             | likely has lead paint. (It was banned in the US in 1978 but
             | I don't know how widespread its use was in the years
             | leading up to the ban.)
        
         | sschueller wrote:
         | I think the biggest issues is probably lead piping. Lead in
         | paint only becomes a problem when it starts chipping and
         | chalking. It should still be removed eventually however.
        
           | woeirua wrote:
           | Lead plumbing should absolutely be removed where its found.
           | Lead paint... Is a different story. As long as its not
           | chipping or easily accessible it's not really that much of a
           | problem.
        
             | thingification wrote:
             | But presumably if somebody starts sands it down, people can
             | get exposed to very high levels.
             | 
             | The boy's story in the article involves lead paint.
             | 
             | I'm doubtful that painters here in the UK take great care
             | over it. And from what I've read, it may be the costs fall
             | heavily on kids and not so much adults.
        
           | mumblemumble wrote:
           | Lead piping, galvanized steel piping with lead service lines,
           | lead paint, your actual back yard if you live in an area that
           | was densely populated during the leaded gasoline era, the
           | kitschy old toys at grandma and grandpas house... the biggest
           | issue can be just about anything, depending on your specific
           | living environment.
        
       | exact_string wrote:
       | In some European countries there is a New Year tradition of
       | melting lead and pouring it into water
       | (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molybdomancy). The sale of these
       | kits was only banned in 2018.
        
         | jakub_g wrote:
         | TIL! There's similar thing in Poland but with wax and on 29th
         | November (St. Andrew's). Arguably, less harmful than using lead
         | :)
        
       | paulpauper wrote:
       | As usual, bad reporting.
       | 
       | "'We're losing IQ points': the lead poisoning crisis unfolding
       | among US children"
       | 
       | no mention in the article how many IQ points. based on my
       | research, it's not that much.
        
         | ClumsyPilot wrote:
         | "based on my research, it's not that much."
         | 
         | How much is not much? What if all i had is not much to begin
         | with?
        
         | queuebert wrote:
         | I mean, does it matter?
         | 
         | I would think there is no acceptable level of IQ loss.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | Proven wrote:
         | As usual, the Guardian pop-sci crap.
         | 
         | It's almost winter, no catastrophic heat waves in the
         | hemisphere so what choice do they have...
        
         | errcorrectcode wrote:
         | Citations and data needed.
        
         | renewiltord wrote:
         | I think the reporting is pretty good since it cites most of the
         | claims. However you are correct that none of the sources say
         | how many points you would lose.
        
       | samstave wrote:
       | Combine this phthalates and Teflon and the Hormonal balance of
       | newborn and frowning young organisms, the the balance of the
       | endocrine system is fucked.
       | 
       | ----
       | 
       | I have a theory about the seemingly rise in gay/trans people is
       | related to the pesticides and the rise of this...
       | 
       | So in the Philippines and other sea countries, pesticides are so
       | heavily pushed to rural farmers to the point where they actually
       | have advertising signs (think political lawn signs) that they
       | place in the rice fields that advertise the pesticide they are
       | spraying on the rice...
       | 
       | The exposure to pesticides and phthalates and lead, and the
       | robust bust still fragile chemical balance of the hormonal
       | systems in biological organisms is whacked and results in, my
       | personal opinion, an additive factor to all the different
       | expressions of how humans identify...
       | 
       | /r/unpopularopinion
        
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