[HN Gopher] Gravitational waves should permanently distort space...
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       Gravitational waves should permanently distort space-time
        
       Author : theafh
       Score  : 105 points
       Date   : 2021-12-08 15:22 UTC (7 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.quantamagazine.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.quantamagazine.org)
        
       | mikewarot wrote:
       | The detectors we have are just sensitive enough to detect the
       | spin down when two objects 50+ times the size of the sun merge
       | into a single new object. The gravity in the direction of the
       | objects decreases permanently by the delta of the mass expended
       | creating gravity waves, which is shift too small to measure.
       | 
       | I expect it may be possible in the future to confirm this, very
       | small, persistent shift in spacetime, but not in my lifetime.
        
         | cobaltoxide wrote:
         | Gravitational wave detectors can only detect oscillatory
         | signals, not static ones.
        
         | tejtm wrote:
         | Would not be surprised if this cues some
         | Expansion of the universe due to gravity lost in waves.
         | 
         | headlines.
         | 
         | But the distance scales and force magnitudes are so far out of
         | my experience that even with the help of math I would be hard
         | pressed to be convinced one way or another.
        
       | nsxwolf wrote:
       | Could this mean the possibility of stable wormholes that don't
       | require any "exotic matter" to keep them from collapsing?
        
       | eli_gottlieb wrote:
       | How can you change space-time? It's already got a time dimension,
       | so you'd need _another_ time dimension with respect to which to
       | take the derivative. Or is the real claim here that gravitational
       | waves distort space as part of their temporal dynamics?
        
         | LegitShady wrote:
         | We already know that spacetime has local curvature, so it's
         | possible that spacetimes curvature isn't static. How this
         | affects or interacts with time isn't clear, since we don't
         | really understand what spacetime is or how it comes to be.
        
       | codingclaws wrote:
       | I've had that theory. Gravity wells remain for a time after the
       | responsible mass has moved on. Maybe that explains dark
       | matter/energy.
        
         | edgan wrote:
         | I like your theory, but it doesn't explain galaxies that don't
         | seem to have any dark matter.
        
       | ststephen88 wrote:
       | This is clear evidence, these are angels, be not afraid.
        
       | kevinconroy wrote:
       | Cue "Three Body Problem" trilogy references
        
         | ASalazarMX wrote:
         | Gravitational waves in the series are only mentioned briefly,
         | as a telecommunication medium. IMO communicating with gravity
         | waves is excessive, and they're not faster than electromagnetic
         | radiation.
        
           | bigodbiel wrote:
           | Obviously not the graviational waves, but I was also thinking
           | abouth the warp bubbles used in FTL travelling (and its
           | abuse) distorting space time forever
        
             | ASalazarMX wrote:
             | But all space travel in "The Three Body Problem" is
             | subluminical? I can't even recall a single Liu Cixin story
             | with FTL space travel.
             | 
             | The closest situation I can think of is ST TNG "Force of
             | Nature", where warp travel was damaging subspace.
        
       | SavantIdiot wrote:
       | I read that whole article and all I came away with was,
       | "Gravitational waves bend space time a little in a phenomenon
       | called gravitational memory." I still have no idea by what
       | mechanism though, other than guesses at some deeper super
       | symmetry.
       | 
       | Can anyone dumb this down a little more for me? What holds on to
       | the deformation? If spacetime can be deformed by a gravitational
       | wave, then how can its original be entirely decided by the amount
       | of and the arrangement of matter nearby. Meaning: if a wave
       | passes by, unless it impacts the arrangement of matter in the
       | locality, then what "holds" the deformation?
        
         | T-A wrote:
         | Here's another (better, I think) attempt to explain it in plain
         | language, from a few years ago:
         | 
         | https://nautil.us/issue/69/patterns/how-the-universe-remembe...
        
         | bopbeepboop wrote:
         | Space time curvature is defined by the _energy_ nearby -- ie,
         | photons contribute too. And so do gravitational waves!
         | 
         | So the thing to remember is that the gravitational wave (having
         | energy) interacts with space time -- and can create more
         | gravitational waves!
         | 
         | So the intuition here is that a wave passing an otherwise
         | smooth area of space time leaves a permanent turbulence due to
         | the nature of how space time waves propagate -- because the
         | gravitational wave is interacting with space time and itself as
         | it propagates.
         | 
         | Space time is a tiny bit permanently mixed up because a space
         | time wave passed through it.
        
         | goohle wrote:
         | Spacetime is just 4D array: [x,y,z;t]. "Bending of spacetime"
         | means that you need to apply a shader to this array.
         | 
         | If you want to talk about physics of the process, then you need
         | to pick up a physical medium first, not an array of
         | measurements.
        
           | jcun4128 wrote:
           | I don't get in many depictions they show this planet/ball
           | over a grid that's deforming downwards. I can understand how
           | another mass would want to "fall" into that but is it
           | actually that shape (has up/down) or it some kind of sphere.
           | I also believe with regard to mass clumping, gravity is
           | strongest near the surface of the Earth vs. inside where you
           | could say it's equal/0 except the oblique part.
        
             | ben_w wrote:
             | The rubber sheet analogy is criticised for this exact
             | reason. Here's a different visualisation that starts with
             | what's wrong with the rubber sheet:
             | https://youtu.be/wrwgIjBUYVc
        
               | pomian wrote:
               | That's an amazing little video. thanks for posting.
               | (Maybe that should go on to the main page, at some point)
        
               | rdtsc wrote:
               | Great video. Another one I like is "Why Gravity is NOT a
               | Force" from Veritasium
               | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XRr1kaXKBsU
        
               | drran wrote:
               | It uses gravity force to demonstrate that gravity force
               | is not a force. ;-)
        
               | jcun4128 wrote:
               | Oh yeah I can see the 3D sinking inwards
               | 
               | that's a neat video haven't seen that slicing idea before
        
               | leephillips wrote:
               | That's the best visualization of gravitation I've ever
               | seen. Well done. I recommend it to anyone who's been
               | misled by the ubiquitous rubber sheet picture.
        
               | akomtu wrote:
               | That's clever. I'd suggest an improvement. When a sat has
               | initial speed, show its small local reference frame, so
               | we'd see that it always moves forward in its own
               | reference frame, but the frame happens to be pulled to
               | Earth.
        
               | SavantIdiot wrote:
               | That's a great video. 7:50 is the important twist for me,
               | and 10:25 really drives it home. I'll never forget that
               | video now and it explains so much.
               | 
               | THere's still one "flaw" with this video: explaining that
               | the grid "moves" is a little confusing. It doesn't move
               | per-se, it .. evolves? ... over time. That's weird. I
               | keep wanting to think the curves are static, but from
               | t0->tn the grid pinches up. Yes, that's why they call it
               | spacetime, but I have to stop and reset myself because
               | how can the grid keep pinching up indefinitely but it
               | doesn't it is just a concept. That is a stumbling block.
               | 35 years after my last physics class...lol.
        
       | nybsop wrote:
       | So were talking about magnetic monopoles except with gravity this
       | time?
        
       | mrkramer wrote:
       | Just like sea waves which are permanently changing(shaping) the
       | structure of rocks they are hitting[0].
       | 
       | [0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wave_pounding
        
         | andrewflnr wrote:
         | More like the sea itself doesn't go completely flat after the
         | wave passes. If the water is space, a rock is more like a break
         | in space.
        
         | LegitShady wrote:
         | I'm not sure that's a good analogy. Spacetime isn't necessarily
         | pounding anything - it could be Spacetime itself that is
         | distorted and curved by such a phenomonon. If spacetime is the
         | medium of the waves, why are these waves hitting anything, and
         | what?
        
           | mrkramer wrote:
           | >If spacetime is the medium of the waves, why are these waves
           | hitting anything, and what?
           | 
           | "Gravitational waves are disturbances in the curvature of
           | spacetime, generated by accelerated masses, that propagate as
           | waves outward from their source at the speed of light." [0]
           | 
           | They are hitting everything what is on their way just like
           | sea waves are.
           | 
           | [0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitational_wave
        
             | LegitShady wrote:
             | It depends what "everything" is though. We exist in
             | spacetime, so we are as much the medium of the wave as
             | everything else is. What are the 'rocks' in the analogy?
             | What's 'wearing' like the rocks? We don't know enough about
             | the spacetime or what's out of spacetime to say.
        
               | jjk166 wrote:
               | We, and everything else, are stuff floating in the sea of
               | spacetime. Just as a ship would bob up and down as an
               | ocean wave passed along but is not itself part of the
               | wave, so too are we affected by gravitational waves as
               | the pass through spacetime. The difference is instead of
               | up and down motion, the distance between two points in
               | space and time expands and contracts.
        
               | mrkramer wrote:
               | >We, and everything else, are stuff floating in the sea
               | of spacetime. Just as a ship would bob up and down as an
               | ocean wave passed along but is not itself part of the
               | wave, so too are we affected by gravitational waves as
               | the pass through spacetime.
               | 
               | Exactly it's called Frame-dragging[0]: "Frame-dragging is
               | an effect on spacetime, predicted by Albert Einstein's
               | general theory of relativity, that is due to non-static
               | stationary distributions of mass-energy. A stationary
               | field is one that is in a steady state, but the masses
               | causing that field may be non-static -rotating, for
               | instance."
               | 
               | [0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frame-dragging
        
               | akomtu wrote:
               | I'll make a guess that matter is like bubbles in
               | spacetime. For some reason the bubbles remain stable and
               | due to cleverness of equations governing spacetime, it
               | allows to form stable complex structures around those
               | bubbles. This is even a verifyable hypothesis: check what
               | happens with GR equations in topologies with tiny
               | spherical holes.
        
               | drran wrote:
               | Bubbles + thermal noise. Noise causes vibration,
               | vibration makes bubbles stable. Vibration also causes
               | bubbles to stick together due to Casimir effect.
        
               | mrkramer wrote:
               | I'm not a physicist but it doesn't seem hard to
               | understand: "Water waves, sound waves, and
               | electromagnetic waves are able to carry energy, momentum,
               | and angular momentum and by doing so they carry those
               | away from the source. Gravitational waves perform the
               | same function[0]."
               | 
               | So as water wave is hitting rock or any other
               | object(mass/energy) on its way gravitational waves should
               | hit also everything and anything on their way until they
               | lose energy and collapse.
               | 
               | "Gravitational waves are constantly passing Earth;
               | however, even the strongest have a minuscule effect and
               | their sources are generally at a great distance. For
               | example, the waves given off by the cataclysmic final
               | merger of GW150914 reached Earth after travelling over a
               | billion light-years, as a ripple in spacetime that
               | changed the length of a 4 km LIGO* arm by a thousandth of
               | the width of a proton, proportionally equivalent to
               | changing the distance to the nearest star outside the
               | Solar System by one hair's width[0]."
               | 
               | Gravitational waves are all around us but they have
               | minimal impact whatsoever unless I suppose some large
               | event(source) propagates strong gravitational waves near
               | us.
               | 
               | *Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory
               | 
               | [0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitational_wave
        
               | galaxyLogic wrote:
               | When we have a sound-wave it means air-pressure changes
               | along the peaks and troughs of the wave.
               | 
               | When we have a gravitational wave what measurable
               | quantity changes?
        
               | jjk166 wrote:
               | Gravitational waves change the definition of length and
               | time. If you have some baseline pressure in a room, a
               | pressure wave causes a small region to be briefly higher
               | or lower pressure. If you have a meterstick and a
               | stopwatch, a gravitational wave causes the meter to grow
               | bigger or smaller and the stopwatch to run fast or slow.
               | It's as if you are briefly closer to some immense object
               | like a black hole which causes time dilation - indeed
               | that's exactly what it is. No matter how ridiculously far
               | away they are, as two celestial objects orbit each other
               | they are continually moving closer and then further away
               | from you, and while gravity drops off with distance it
               | never goes to zero. You are feeling the gravitational
               | pull of that celestial object on the other side of the
               | universe getting infinitesimally stronger and weaker as
               | the distance between you and it shrinks and grows, or
               | more accurately as the distance between you and where it
               | was all those millions of years ago when the waves were
               | first emitted shrinks and grows.
        
               | mrkramer wrote:
               | Ask a physicist but as far as I understood gravitational
               | waves are dents in spacetime[0] and as they travel their
               | energy, momentum, and angular momentum change over time
               | because of interaction and collision with other "stuff"
               | in space. Idk how you can measure any of that.
               | 
               | [0]https://www.esa.int/Science_Exploration/Space_Science/
               | Gravit...
        
               | LegitShady wrote:
               | >So as water wave is hitting rock or any other
               | object(mass/energy) on its way gravitational waves should
               | hit also everything and anything on their way until they
               | lose energy and collapse.
               | 
               | Gravitational waves are vibrations in spacetime. They
               | interact very weakly with matter. They travel at more or
               | less the speed of light without 'hitting' any rocks. The
               | question is what are the 'rocks' - since gravitational
               | waves don't really interact with matter significantly,
               | and we don't really understand the makeup or source of
               | spacetime.
               | 
               | That was my original question to you, and the answer
               | isn't obvious, because we don't actually know.
        
               | mrkramer wrote:
               | >Gravitational waves are vibrations in spacetime. They
               | interact very weakly with matter. They travel at more or
               | less the speed of light without 'hitting' any rocks. The
               | question is what are the 'rocks' - since gravitational
               | waves don't really interact with matter significantly,
               | and we don't really understand the makeup or source of
               | spacetime.
               | 
               | They can have big impact: "The waves can also carry off
               | linear momentum, a possibility that has some interesting
               | implications for astrophysics. After two supermassive
               | black holes coalesce, emission of linear momentum can
               | produce a "kick" with amplitude as large as 4000 km/s.
               | This is fast enough to eject the coalesced black hole
               | completely from its host galaxy. Even if the kick is too
               | small to eject the black hole completely, it can remove
               | it temporarily from the nucleus of the galaxy, after
               | which it will oscillate about the center, eventually
               | coming to rest. A kicked black hole can also carry a star
               | cluster with it, forming a hyper-compact stellar system.
               | Or it may carry gas, allowing the recoiling black hole to
               | appear temporarily as a "naked quasar"[1].
               | 
               | And idk what do you mean by "source of spacetime" you
               | mean quantum origin[2]?
               | https://knowablemagazine.org/article/physical-
               | world/2019/qua...
               | 
               | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitational_wave
               | 
               | [2] https://knowablemagazine.org/article/physical-
               | world/2019/qua...
        
               | pomian wrote:
               | "I'm not a physicist but"... You should be. That was a
               | nice postulation.
        
               | goldenkey wrote:
               | Correct, it's all just spacetime. This is what Einstein
               | was after in the last years of his life - a unified
               | geometric theory, where mass was not separate from the
               | sheet, but rather, part of it - a deformation of it.
               | 
               | [1] https://www.arxiv.org/pdf/0706.0190v2
               | 
               | Water waves can crash into eachother. There's no reason
               | that spacetime waves cannot either. You can get some hint
               | of this if you look at the oscillations that comprise the
               | Higgs field.
               | 
               | The negative curvature of gravitation should be cancelled
               | out by the positive curvature of matter and energy.
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zero-energy_universe
        
       | paulpauper wrote:
       | It's interesting how two posts recently about Newton's Method
       | went viral here. it shows how despite how Quanta Magazine focuses
       | on the most cutting edge of theoretical math, that applied math
       | is still very important.
        
       | k2xl wrote:
       | Could this prove/disprove whether there have been "prior"
       | universes? In other words, the theory that after the heat death
       | of the universe another universe will form... If gravitational
       | waves permanently distort space time would that allow us to
       | observe evidence of previous universes?
        
       | mrfusion wrote:
       | I never understood how gravity waves can go through anything and
       | not be weakened?
       | 
       | If the wave imparts energy on an object and makes it move, how is
       | that energy still available for the next object the wave goes
       | through?
        
         | p1mrx wrote:
         | It's possible to move an object, and return it to its original
         | location, without expending energy. Ocean waves do this all the
         | time.
         | 
         | Based on conservation of energy, I would assume that friction
         | can weaken a gravitational wave by turning some of its energy
         | into heat.
         | 
         | Though if we're talking about _permanently changing_ the
         | location of an object, that theoretically requires a negligible
         | amount of energy... reminds me of the magic drive in
         | https://qntm.org/frontier
        
         | neophyt3 wrote:
         | I never understood how gravity waves propagate Mass causes
         | gravity then what are these waves then? Is it dark matter thats
         | not visible, not measurable and yet it has mass which causes
         | ripple in space fabric
        
       | thehappypm wrote:
       | This is cool. Maybe it's an explanation for mass. When you're at
       | rest (or at a constant velocity) you're constantly making a dent
       | in spacetime, that closes up eventually behind you. Go faster,
       | the dent grows, so you need a force to push through that initial
       | resistance of making the dent bigger.
        
       | p00tst00t wrote:
       | Space-time doesn't exist. Space is innert. Counter-space however
       | is another story. Matter is relative, it cares not for
       | "spacetime"
        
       | legohead wrote:
       | So as I was trying to imagine this I came up with an example that
       | I think fits, can someone confirm my thoughts?
       | 
       | My idea is a square piece of fabric (space). You cut a single
       | strand of fabric somewhere, which is the origin of the wave
       | event. This affects the whole fabric as the destruction ripples
       | throughout, and also results is a permanent scar/distortion on
       | the fabric as a whole.
        
         | TheOtherHobbes wrote:
         | My understanding was more that spacetime isn't perfectly
         | elastic, so when it's distorted by a gravitational wave it
         | stores the equivalent of a gravitational charge - a bit like a
         | piezoelectric crystal that stays very slightly permanently
         | polarised after you stop squeezing it.
         | 
         | This would be amazing if true because spacetime would be rough
         | on very tiny scales because of all the waves that passed
         | through it.
         | 
         | Speculating wildly, this might even have observable quantum-
         | level effects.
        
           | akomtu wrote:
           | Offtopic. This would be a precursor for the typical generator
           | in the future: a stone on a rope inside a stone cavity that
           | resonates with gravity waves, converts the piezoelectric
           | tension of spacetime into vibration, heats up as a result and
           | boils a rusty cup of water.
        
       | denton-scratch wrote:
       | > But a gravitational wave has a longer reach than the force of
       | gravity.
       | 
       | That can't be right - surely the gravitational field permeates
       | the whole of space; and surely the wave and the force are the
       | same thing?
        
       | vmception wrote:
       | mmm haven't seen Apophysis fractal art in a long time!
        
       | CoastalCoder wrote:
       | Layman's question: are gravitational waves really "waves"?
       | 
       | When I think of waves, I think of systems governed by the wave
       | equation [0].
       | 
       | But IIUC that requires a restoring force. I'm not sure what that
       | would mean in the case of gravity.
       | 
       | E.g., if the moon suddenly lurched towards the Earth, we'd
       | perceive an increase in gravity between the two. But that would
       | be a semi-permanent change in the strength of that attraction
       | between the two objects; not what I'd think of as a wave-like
       | fluctuation.
       | 
       | [0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wave_equation
        
         | joe__f wrote:
         | Yes, gravitational wave are governed by the wave equation. A
         | standard way to treat them is as a small perturbation around a
         | known spacetime geometry. Then the metric would be $g = g_0 +
         | \epsilon h$, where $g_0$ is the background, $\epsilon$ is a
         | small parameter and $h$ is the perturbation.
         | 
         | In general Einstein's field equations govern the dynamics of
         | $g$, and if you take the first order behaviour in $\epsilon$
         | around $g_0$ as flat space, then you recover the wave equation
         | for $h$ as in the article you linked, with propagation speed
         | $c$ the speed of light. (There are some additional subtleties
         | about choice of gauge, but this is not physical).
         | 
         | I'm not sure what you mean with your moon example.
        
           | CoastalCoder wrote:
           | Thanks! I'm not ready to understand your explanation, but I
           | can clarify the moon example at least.
           | 
           | Suppose the gravitational attraction between the earth and
           | moon is 2e20 Newtons.
           | 
           | Now imagine something forces that attraction to strengthen
           | from 2e20N to 3e20N. E.g. the Earth and moon get closer to
           | each other, or the moon gets more massive somehow.
           | 
           | When we talk about "detecting gravity waves", I understand
           | that to mean that on Earth we've managed to detect that
           | increase from 2e20N to 3e20N.
           | 
           | My point was: perhaps that looks like the rising edge of a
           | wave phenomenon, but it's not actually cyclic like I expect
           | from a traditional "wave". So I couldn't understand why it's
           | called a gravity _wave_.
        
         | cobaltoxide wrote:
         | Gravitational waves are waves of the metric tensor. Einstein's
         | field equations provide the "restoring force."
         | 
         | Importantly, gravitational waves are _not_ waves of Newtonian
         | gravity. Gravitational waves _do not_ "push and pull" along the
         | direction of propagation. They stretch and compress space along
         | axes perpendicular to the direction of propagation.
         | 
         | > E.g., if the moon suddenly lurched towards the Earth, we'd
         | perceive an increase in gravity between the two. But that would
         | be a semi-permanent change in the strength of that attraction
         | between the two objects; not what I'd think of as a wave-like
         | fluctuation.
         | 
         | Indeed, gravitational waves do not work this way.
         | 
         | Unfortunately it is hard to explain gravitational waves without
         | significant math.
         | 
         | In fairness, even Einstein himself waffled over whether
         | gravitational waves would be a real effect predicted by the
         | theory. Then it took nearly a century to detect them
         | experimentally, and there were plenty of doubters along the
         | way.
         | 
         | The results one gets from intuition are generally incorrect in
         | important ways. Here's a derivation of a wave equation from
         | Einstein's field equations:
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linearized_gravity
         | 
         | A more helpful introduction for a layperson might be the paper
         | titled "Gravitational Waves on the back of an envelope":
         | 
         | https://aapt.scitation.org/doi/10.1119/1.13627
         | 
         | But, infuriatingly, that paper does not seem to be open-access.
         | Here's someone's scanned copy:
         | 
         | https://www.ru.ac.za/media/rhodesuniversity/content/mathemat...
        
           | fsflover wrote:
           | > But, infuriatingly, that paper does not seem to be open-
           | access.
           | 
           | Try sci-hub.
        
           | sildur wrote:
           | > They stretch and compress space along axes perpendicular to
           | the direction of propagation.
           | 
           | Is it possible to compress space?
        
             | drran wrote:
             | (Not a native speaker).
             | 
             | Space is a mathematical abstraction. You can do anything
             | with, because it's just math. If you want to bend, curve,
             | distort, rip space, or add more dimensions -- go for it.
             | 
             | Physical medium should be compressible, like any other
             | medium. Higgs <<field>> (let's call it Higgium --
             | Higgs+Vacuum) is presented everywhere, because Higgs boson
             | gives mass to every particle in the Visible Universe and
             | beyond, so it should conduct gravitational waves. As
             | demonstrated by LIGO/VIRGO, gravitational waves causes
             | distortions in light travel. These distortions can be
             | explained as changes of conductivity in Higgium, which can
             | be caused by changes in density, so yes, it can be waves of
             | compression.
        
               | evanb wrote:
               | I appreciate what you're trying to get at, but it's not
               | right. Gravitational waves exist in GR even in theories
               | with no matter / Higgs.
               | 
               | The Higgs is a scalar field; gravitational waves are
               | spin-2.
        
               | [deleted]
        
         | akomtu wrote:
         | I'm hardly an expert in GR, but it seems to me that
         | gravitational waves is a trivial consequence of limited speed
         | of gravity propagation. It takes 8 mins for Sun's gravity to
         | reach Earth. If Sun suddenly moves left and right, in 8 mins
         | we'll feel a pull to the left and then to the right, so in
         | effect gravity will feel like a couple waves passing thru us.
         | The exact geometry of those waves is complex, but that hardly
         | matters for intuitive understanding. The exact geometry of
         | water ripples is also very complex, after all.
        
           | jleahy wrote:
           | Unfortunately that's not how they behave at all. See some of
           | the references posted by others in other comments. Intuition
           | doesn't really work at all here.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | VLM wrote:
       | Earth-Sun system should radiate about 200 watts of gravitational
       | waves continuously. One 20th that should be 10 watts of permanent
       | deformation.
       | 
       | Bad news is 10 watts is not much, spread thru a large volume.
       | Good news is its "easy" to measure the infra red radiation from
       | Pioneer and Voyager space probes running less than a KW point
       | source of energy.
       | 
       | I wonder if the gravity probe A and B missions would show those
       | permanent deformations in their data.
       | 
       | Permanent deformation should be detected in large scale long term
       | orbits, eventually?
        
         | galaxyLogic wrote:
         | What does this deformation mean physically? I thought matter
         | makes space curve. Does the deformation mean the curvature get
         | changed?
        
       | errcorrectcode wrote:
       | So I wonder if spacetime has a kind of "entropy" where it can be
       | stretched-out but never put back exactly how it was. Possibly
       | explaining inflation.
        
         | xwolfi wrote:
         | No inflation is very different, it's pervasive in every
         | direction, it's not localized like your idea would mean.
         | 
         | Plus, it's not like galaxies are temporarily pulling on a
         | memory foam, before releasing the pressure, so I m not sure why
         | you think inflation (such a bad name, people think balloon) is
         | so close to that model.
        
           | goohle wrote:
           | It looks like Big Shrink (BS) theory is easier to understand:
           | we are shrinking, our rulers are shrinking, so cosmic
           | distances are looking bigger in every direction. It explains
           | why our Universe is flat and why we cannot find a Universe-
           | big source of energy for expanding of the Universe.
        
             | jjk166 wrote:
             | This doesn't make sense either - if I were shrinking and
             | you were shrinking, then the distance between us would
             | appear to be growing larger, but it's not. Gravitationally
             | bound systems don't expand, only the galaxies themselves
             | seem to be moving away from one another. Combined with no
             | mechanism to explain the shrinking, nor any reason why the
             | various other laws of physics don't seem to be affected and
             | it doesn't seem any easier to understand at all.
        
               | [deleted]
        
             | msk-lywenn wrote:
             | But what energy is making us shrink?
        
               | klyrs wrote:
               | From the article:
               | 
               | > "The memory is nothing but the change in the
               | gravitational potential," said Thorne, "but it's a
               | relativistic gravitational potential." The energy of a
               | passing gravitational wave creates a change in the
               | gravitational potential; that change in potential
               | distorts space-time, even after the wave has passed.
               | 
               | Gravitational waves are that energy.
        
           | Kerbonut wrote:
           | I posit inflation is simply our perception of time dilation
           | at scale.
        
       | dokem wrote:
       | Can we make memristors with this info?
        
       | pdonis wrote:
       | The Wikipedia page on gravitational memory effect [1] gives links
       | to some actual papers, which might be more illuminating than the
       | rather garbled description in this article.
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitational_memory_effect
        
         | p1mrx wrote:
         | "persistent changes in the relative position of pairs of points
         | in space due to the passing of a gravitational wave."
         | 
         | So the idea isn't that space itself is storing information,
         | just that a gravitational wave doesn't put everything back
         | where it found it. Presumably if you cleared out all the stuff,
         | there would be no memory left behind.
        
           | pdonis wrote:
           | That's my understanding, yes. So the "permanently distort
           | spacetime" part in the article's title is misleading.
        
         | kingcharles wrote:
         | Wow, the citations in the article are bigger than the text.
        
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