[HN Gopher] ADSL works over wet string (2017)
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       ADSL works over wet string (2017)
        
       Author : mgliwka
       Score  : 331 points
       Date   : 2021-12-04 13:25 UTC (9 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.revk.uk)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.revk.uk)
        
       | rob_c wrote:
       | Have seen this one a few times, still impressive
        
       | WaitWaitWha wrote:
       | I remember in the 90s when we were deploying a business campus,
       | we first used ADSL services from the local carrier, but not for
       | long.
       | 
       | We discovered we can get "dry lines", basically just rent copper
       | run from site-to-site, nothing on it from local carrier. Slap
       | ADSL modems on each and we got max throughout, at a fraction of
       | the cost. Then we upgraded to SDSL, and that was like hitting the
       | jackpot.
        
       | qeternity wrote:
       | This thread is a good reminder to be very thankful for my
       | PS20/month unmetered 1gbit central London FTTH.
        
       | ksec wrote:
       | There used to be a debate about going All-in on GPON or doing
       | FTTX with G.Fast. Now G.Fast is pretty much dead or niche at this
       | point. The end of DSL era. While DOCSIS is still doing well in
       | many places.
       | 
       | The next step would be to mandate fibre cables in all new
       | housing. Along with ONT and Router in one solution.
        
         | Nextgrid wrote:
         | Better regulation around marketing would go a long ways to
         | begin with. In the UK "fiber" is used as a catch-all term for
         | any kind of internet connection even though in the majority of
         | cases it's just fiber up to a certain point and then either DSL
         | or coax, making it hard for consumers to tell exactly what
         | they're signing up for. Same for bullshit terms such a
         | "superfast" or "ultrafast" instead of actual up/down/latency
         | numbers.
        
       | derefr wrote:
       | Can ADSL survive an acoustic coupler?
       | 
       | To give it a fair shot, assume the driver and microphone are
       | studio quality rather than the kind you'd find on a 1970s
       | telephone handset. I bet it'd work pretty well.
       | 
       | But the real question would then be: how much of an air gap could
       | you create and still get a connection?
       | 
       | Could you post to HN on an ADSL signal that's being screamed
       | across the length of the room you're sitting in?
        
         | detaro wrote:
         | ADSL upstream _starts_ at 25kHz, downstream at  >120kHz. So
         | probably not. Purpose-designed ultrasonic hardware might be
         | able to.
        
           | londons_explore wrote:
           | Or an acoustic coupler which also acts a little like an
           | electrical coupler at higher frequencies because it has no
           | electrical shielding...
        
           | codeflo wrote:
           | Not sure if this is within the spirit of the question, but:
           | The individual ADSL bands are only 4 kHz wide, so you could
           | modulate 4 or 5 of them down into the audible range (20Hz -
           | 20kHz) and back up again after the transmission through the
           | acoustic coupler. In theory, ADSL should then pick those
           | bands to transmit the data.
        
       | Faaak wrote:
       | Related: ethernet over barbed wire:
       | http://www.sigcon.com/Pubs/edn/SoGoodBarbedWire.htm
        
         | throw0101a wrote:
         | There are IEEE standards for single-pair Ethernet:
         | 
         | > _In addition to the more computer-oriented two and four-pair
         | variants, the 10BASE-T1,[17] 100BASE-T1[18] and 1000BASE-T1[19]
         | single-pair Ethernet physical layers are intended for
         | industrial and automotive applications[20] or as optional data
         | channels in other interconnect applications.[21] The single
         | pair operates at full duplex and has a maximum reach of 15 m or
         | 49 ft (100BASE-T1, 1000BASE-T1 link segment type A) or up to 40
         | m or 130 ft (1000BASE-T1 link segment type B) with up to four
         | in-line connectors. Both physical layers require a balanced
         | twisted pair with an impedance of 100 O. The cable must be
         | capable of transmitting 600 MHz for 1000BASE-T1 and 66 MHz for
         | 100BASE-T1. 2.5 Gb /s, 5 Gb/s, and 10 Gb/s over a 15 m single
         | pair is standardized in 802.3ch-2020.[22] As of 2021, the
         | P802.3cy Task Force is examining having 25, 50, 100 Gb/s speeds
         | at lengths up to 11 m.[23]_
         | 
         | *
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethernet_over_twisted_pair#Sin...
         | 
         | Including power delivery:
         | 
         | > _The IEEE 802.3bu-2016[12] amendment introduced single-pair
         | Power over Data Lines (PoDL) for the single-pair Ethernet
         | standards 100BASE-T1 and 1000BASE-T1 intended for automotive
         | and industrial applications.[13] On the two-pair or four-pair
         | standards, power is transmitted only between pairs, so that
         | within each pair there is no voltage present other than that
         | representing the transmitted data. With single-pair Ethernet,
         | power is transmitted in parallel to the data. PoDL initially
         | defined ten power classes, ranging from 0.5 to 50 W (at PD)._
         | 
         | > _Subsequently, PoDL was added to the single-pair variants
         | 10BASE-T1,[14] 2.5GBASE-T1, 5GBASE-T1, and 10GBASE-T1[15] and
         | as of 2021 includes a total of 15 power classes with additional
         | intermediate voltage and power levels.[14]_
         | 
         | * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_over_Ethernet#PoDL
        
           | toast0 wrote:
           | Sadly, there's not much in the way of equipment for this. I
           | could really use two small 10BaseT-1 to 10BaseT converters,
           | preferably both powered from one end.
        
             | throw0101a wrote:
             | Seems to be mostly in the automative and industrial space,
             | with some embedded stuff.
             | 
             | I could also see it being useful for door security (badge
             | readers, latch control).
        
               | toast0 wrote:
               | For me, I've got a gate with a keypad. It's got an
               | ethernet port, but they only ran 3 pair to it, and it
               | works best with 2 pair for voice communications, so I've
               | only got one pair for data, not enough to use.
        
       | giardini wrote:
       | ADSL, being essentially a form of alternating current, will pass
       | through an air gap. I was enlightened on this by an AT&T tech who
       | pointed out that one of my ADSL lines had several breaks and
       | could not carry DC but the ADSL signal still came through. The
       | other line was dead so I was running essentially on one wire with
       | an earth ground. Here is an interesting discussion:
       | 
       | "Phone line with 1 broken wire still gets ADSL2"
       | 
       | https://forums.whirlpool.net.au/archive/9yzp5wr3
       | 
       | Anyway, my hat is off to the people who designed and implemented
       | ADSL.
        
         | geofft wrote:
         | In some sense, that's "just" radio. An antenna is a wire...
         | it's sending a signal and picking it up from a very nearby
         | antenna. Radio transmissions are all AC.
         | 
         | (Arguably, the real insight here is that the very existence of
         | radio is impressive / unintuitive.)
        
           | y04nn wrote:
           | The gap on the line acts more as a capacitor than an antenna,
           | AC pass through capacitors, but DC does not.
        
         | tiernano wrote:
         | this explains a problem i had in Ireland... ADSL worked, but
         | phone line had to dial tone... engineer had no idea how it was
         | working... mind you, ISP had sent him out to get better
         | internet... i was on 8mb and was promised closer to 24... after
         | he "fixed" it, it went to 6... so they were really not happy
         | with the "engineer" when i canceled 2 days later...
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | DaiPlusPlus wrote:
         | > Anyway, my hat is off to the people who designed and
         | implemented ADSL.
         | 
         | It's a blessing-and-a-curse: too many incumbent ISPs in highly-
         | developed nations used ADSL's ability to run on anything as an
         | excuse to put-off FTTH deployments (looking at you, BT).
        
           | unixhero wrote:
           | Telenor
           | 
           | They also did the same, stalling and delaying, insisting on
           | introducing ISDN 64/128kbit instead of going straight to DSL
           | like Holland did.
        
           | hungryforcodes wrote:
           | Meh
        
           | samwillis wrote:
           | I think we (in Stamford Lincolnshire, UK) must be pretty
           | unique right now with TWO competing FTTP startups both
           | rolling out on the same streets. One day you will see
           | Lightspeed Broadband pulling their fibre through the BT ducts
           | and putting boxes on the top of telegraph polls. The next day
           | Upp Brordband will be on the same street. So bizarre they
           | they are doing the same town!
           | 
           | Apparently we are due to have BT put in their own fibre in
           | the next few months too. Really don't understand why they are
           | doubling up the infrastructure.
           | 
           | Hoping for a local price war!
        
             | rconti wrote:
             | Very strange! Mine was not quite as happy a story, but here
             | in Silicon Valley (1mi from Facebook) I got a local ISP
             | announcing fiber, and the very next week AT&T was running
             | their own lines. This was back in 2019, and it felt like
             | "everyone" had fiber before we did. 2 years later I guess
             | it feels like old hat. And the local ISP has not yet run
             | the fiber they promised. But one fast ISP is better than
             | zero!
             | 
             | Good luck with your deployment. I'm still so happy about
             | it.
        
             | aphrax wrote:
             | How strange to see my hometown mentioned! Still not too far
             | away and yes hoping for some local competition
        
             | mattlondon wrote:
             | Here in high-density London, we're stuck with ~70mbps ADSL
             | and not even cable.
             | 
             | Not representative of all of London, but at least around my
             | parts it is slow ADSL or nothing :(
        
               | charcircuit wrote:
               | Are you suggesting 70Mbps is slow ADSL? There are many
               | places where not even a tenth of that speed is possible.
        
               | 867-5309 wrote:
               | it's the UK average for urban ADSL. and those many places
               | are where the FTTH startups are springing up
        
             | martinald wrote:
             | Basically there is an enormous amount of capital (at least
             | PS10bn from startup providers) out there going into UK FTTH
             | builds. BT focussed too much of content (BT Sport) instead
             | of FTTH and private equity now thinks there is an opp to
             | steal marketshare from BT/VM.
             | 
             | However BT have now now committed PS10-20bn, VM probably a
             | few billion.
             | 
             | It will quickly consolidate like it always does.
        
               | samwillis wrote:
               | Thanks, I figured it was something like that. One of the
               | startups here is a bunch of former BT execs so I was
               | assuming they were hoping to exit by selling either to BT
               | or VM.
        
           | samstave wrote:
           | >>...*my hat is off to the people who designed and
           | implemented ADSL.*
           | 
           | Maybe a few will recall: San Jose California, in the
           | epicenter of Silicon Valley -- but for some reason Comcast
           | (was previously called * _COVID*_ ) -- and you couldnt get
           | DSL in San Jose at the time .... literally down the street
           | from Netflix, and freaking home DSL took YEARS for it to
           | reach our houses...
           | 
           | (My point is that it was ironic that in the heart of silicon
           | valley we couldnt even get DSL due to COVID/Comcast
        
             | toast0 wrote:
             | Are you thinking of COVAD? IIRC, they were a competitive
             | local exchange carrier, unrelated to Comcast.
             | 
             | As a CLEC, they could place DSL equipment in the incumbent
             | carriers (mostly Pacific Bell/ATT, but Los Gatos Telephone
             | company was absorbed by GTE/Verizon and I think sold to
             | Frontier) and use the existing wiring to run DSL. In
             | silicon valley, this doesn't offer great coverage; to get
             | reasonable line lengths, you need to be in the telephone
             | company's remote terminals and that's not available to
             | CLECs.
        
           | ohyeshedid wrote:
           | From previous personal experience in building new plants, and
           | expanding existing plants: Cost of deployment and slow roi
           | are the primary drivers of stagnating local networks.
           | 
           | Complicated corporate accounting, carrier incumbency, and
           | weak governments are the core causes. Carriers being publicly
           | traded companies really screws up incentives to fix these
           | problems. It seems to be mostly a binary decision at the top;
           | more profit or better service?
        
             | kazen44 wrote:
             | also, the infra (which ADSL runs on) was build in a time
             | when telephone companies used to be either state-owned or a
             | single monopoly with heavy goverment involvement.
             | 
             | Doing the same thing with fiber is necessary, but will not
             | happen without strong govermental involvement.
        
               | verve_rat wrote:
               | Indeed. New Zealand has had a pretty successful fiber
               | roll out over the last several years because the
               | government awarded exclusive contracts to fiber providers
               | that then have to provide access to their network to all
               | ISPs.
               | 
               | Works great. Even my village of several hundred people
               | has fiber now.
        
           | zaphirplane wrote:
           | In hind sight wouldn't 5g have been a better investment than
           | fiber to home, I mean companies will have to have 5g to stay
           | competitive in mobile anyway
        
         | andoma wrote:
         | Same thing happened once at my parents house. Quite confusing
         | for some :)
        
         | Terry_Roll wrote:
         | Its DC. If you had to imagine it, think of it as a range of
         | radio stations being broadcast down a wire instead of over the
         | air and your router can tune in to all the radio stations at
         | the same time and then piece together the different bits of
         | data being broadcast. Long Wave would be ADSL, ADSL2, Medium
         | Wave ADSL2+, and FM would be higher forms of ADSL to give you
         | your 40Mb, 80Mb, 100Mb download speeds.
         | 
         | With this broadcasting of signals down a wire now known, it
         | becomes somewhat unsurprising anything capable of transmitting
         | an electrical voltage & current would be capable of
         | transmitting ADSL. Not knocking their effort though, Arnold and
         | Arnold have always like to demonstrate their knowledge. One of
         | them has a personal blog which can be quite interesting.
         | 
         | I wonder if they have considered trying to adapt an SDR dongle
         | to become an ADSL transmitter?
        
           | hereforphone wrote:
           | What's DC? "Radio stations" communicate via alternating
           | quantities (EM waves)
        
             | Terry_Roll wrote:
             | The telephone cable coming into the house is 50volts DC is
             | not AC like a powerline. I know radio waves are just that,
             | waves, its how things like noise cancelling headphones
             | work. Different frequency's give you different ranges or
             | distances for 1 watt, which is why you can bounce Long wave
             | around the planet.
        
               | Terry_Roll wrote:
               | I wasnt taught that radio waves were to be considered
               | identical to AC power down a cable but when thinking
               | about it, they probably are identical with waveform
               | properties and the difference being the medium they are
               | travelling through.
        
               | leoedin wrote:
               | Radio waves down a wire are by definition AC. Otherwise
               | they don't work. The voltage must change, thus the
               | current must change, thus it is AC. Just because it's not
               | 50/60Hz AC like a powerline doesn't change that.
               | 
               | There might be a DC component, but ultimately all the
               | ADSL modem cares about is the AC part.
        
               | hereforphone wrote:
               | 48VDC but yes. Sounds like we're agreed that the
               | information is being transmitted via AC or another
               | alternating signal.
        
       | traceroute66 wrote:
       | Why is this 2017 blog suddenly appearing here in 2021 ? Not
       | surprisingly, it has already been covered many times:
       | - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=15908107          -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=15922239          -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=26868780
       | 
       | The world has also moved on since 2017. Most people's question
       | now is "how soon can I get fibre" not "how can I tweak my ADSL
       | line to scrape some extra performance".
        
       | agumonkey wrote:
       | Since seeing this article I've been curious about organic
       | conductors .. apparently most carbohydrates / celluloses are
       | really not good basis for conduction but maybe there are tricks
       | to change that.
       | 
       | - https://www.quora.com/Is-cellulose-fibre-conductive?share=1
       | 
       | - https://duckduckgo.com/?t=ffab&q=conducting+polymers+example...
        
         | hashimotonomora wrote:
         | Essentially you need loose electrons to conduct.
        
           | VHRanger wrote:
           | That's not exactly correct. Electrons don't flow through
           | wires - there's a one-way flow of the ambient electrons
           | around the wire from the field created.
           | 
           | See here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bHIhgxav9LY
        
             | hashimotonomora wrote:
             | That video is misleading. Electrons must be relatively
             | loose in their orbitals in order for the electromagnetic
             | field to be established with reasonable strength. This does
             | not mean that electricity is the literal flow of electrons.
             | However, electrons actually do flow at a speed of about 1
             | mm/min due to the electrostatic field in DC circuits. This
             | is not what's called electricity but they do flow.
        
             | pjc50 wrote:
             | Well .. they do flow _in_ the conductor, and in particular
             | they flow through silicon junctions or none of the
             | semiconductor physics would make sense, but the energy is
             | carried in the field which is indeed outside the conductor.
        
             | NovemberWhiskey wrote:
             | You're confusing the electrons and the electromagnetic
             | fields. The electrons absolutely do migrate through the
             | wires; the electric field does not. P.S. that video appears
             | to have been written to confuse/generate controversy and
             | does a terrible job of actually explaining.
        
               | SV_BubbleTime wrote:
               | > The electrons absolutely do migrate through the wires;
               | 
               | That's true. But very slowly in electrical terms. If I
               | remember right the actual electronics in a reasonable
               | circuit I read about was something like 1" per second.
               | The vast majority of work done is an electron shuffle of
               | bouncing into the next one in space.
        
               | NovemberWhiskey wrote:
               | When you say "work", what do you mean? I get the
               | impression you're talking about a model like there's a
               | long tube full of ball-bearings and when you push one in,
               | one drops out the other end?
               | 
               | That model isn't right; think about a transformer -
               | energy is transferred between conductors that are not
               | physically connected at all.
        
           | agumonkey wrote:
           | But maybe you could have different organic crystalline
           | structures allowing AC currents to flow. Wildly speculating
           | of course.. I was just hoping to tape in forest materials to
           | manufacture low power electric devices :)
        
             | pjc50 wrote:
             | Graphite counts; if you want to manufacture it from forest
             | materials, compressed bonded charcoal might work. https://w
             | ww.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S01675...
        
               | agumonkey wrote:
               | True but its resistance might be too high maybe ? also
               | it's not easy to make graphite.
               | 
               | Thanks a lot for the link though. Are you into green
               | electronics by any means ?
        
         | rahimiali wrote:
         | Conductive polymers are commonly used these days. Pedot:pss can
         | be engineered expressly this way, but less exotic ones like
         | polyamides can do this too.
        
         | sdflhasjd wrote:
         | Paper and cotton were both used in cable insulation in ye olden
         | days, impregnated with oils and tars
        
           | hammock wrote:
           | What do they use now?
        
       | sdflhasjd wrote:
       | 3.5Mbit!? Says a lot about my parents paltry 1Mbit. Perhaps their
       | line was low on sodium.
        
         | iso1631 wrote:
         | 3.5mbit over 2 metres
        
         | cunthorpe wrote:
         | Your parents' ADSL noodle soup is a little bland.
        
         | tyingq wrote:
         | The cable analyzer is showing about 55db of loss across 2
         | meters. That's about equivalent to the loss across 4km of
         | "good" copper.
        
           | sdflhasjd wrote:
           | I kid, the issue was solved some time ago - a telecom
           | engineer pinned it down to a soggy junction box.
        
             | SV_BubbleTime wrote:
             | That's funny because my SO's parents have 1.5Mbps DSL by
             | contract. For only $100/mo they can jump up to 12Mbps. USA
             | and 1 hour from me where I have gigabit docsis 3.1.
             | 
             | If they had 1Mbps because of a fault that would be more
             | unfortunate than unfair.
        
       | techdragon wrote:
       | I'll go one better, ADSL doesn't even need two continuous wires
       | to work, one is good enough as long as the other is just barely
       | electrically coupled. I had a 12 month epic journey to get a
       | performance fault fixed on my line. In the end it took 6
       | technician visits, three senior technicians and finally one smart
       | experienced technician to check the "not in the textbook" faults
       | for a performance degradation and he discovered that my line had
       | was actually mis-wired! I had one wire connected to the exchange
       | and another was a barely connected lose joint (actually
       | disconnected but still technically in the plastic joint housing)
       | about half way to the exchange. I was still getting a few
       | megabits with intermittent drop outs for months on what amounted
       | to a single wire!
        
       | Shikadi wrote:
       | That's impressive af!
        
       | codeflo wrote:
       | That fact that this delivers 3.5 MBit/s really makes you wonder
       | how many low speed connections out in the wild are literally
       | broken cables that still have some amount of coupling somewhere.
        
         | ajsnigrutin wrote:
         | A lot of the problem lies with distance.
         | 
         | 10km of fiber (with transcievers made for that kind of fiber
         | and distance)... gigabits without any issues.
         | 
         | 10km of copper pairs for *dsl? Good luck.
        
         | mbreese wrote:
         | I had a bonded DSL line for a while when I lived in the Bay
         | Area with service coming from two different twisted pair lines.
         | One line was consistently ~18Mbps, the other barely 3-5. It was
         | pretty clear that one of the pairs was good and the other was
         | broken somewhere alone the way. The lines were all in a bundle,
         | with no way to discern what was what any individual strand was
         | in the bundle (or which was broken or shorted). No one had any
         | motivation to find the break and repair it. And because the
         | line was technically "working", ATT wouldn't move it to a
         | different pair. Sonic was the ISP with ATT handling the
         | physical lines.
         | 
         | Still amazing that it worked at all.
        
           | londons_explore wrote:
           | You can do time domain reflectometry to find out where the
           | breaks, sharp corners and reflections are in the cable.
           | 
           | Some modems have special debug modes in that can do this too
           | - then you get to know exactly how many meters along the wire
           | the break is. When you get close, you can hook a resistor to
           | the line and rerun the test and it'll tell you how many
           | meters forward or back you need to go to find the issue.
           | 
           | Pretty easy to track issues down that way.
        
             | mbreese wrote:
             | Yeah, this was in a neighborhood bundle with many... many
             | lines together. No one was going to dig into that to find
             | which line a mouse or squirrel had chewed the insulation
             | off of. I remember running a few diagnostics, but as it was
             | "working", no one was going to try to fix it. The ISP
             | couldn't even convince ATT to move the bad line to a
             | different pair. Which was sad. I was supposed to be in the
             | 40Mbps range, but could only get ~18-20. Also -- this was
             | enough bandwidth for us at the time, so I just ran off of
             | the single line and was good. Given some of the dsl horror
             | stories, we weren't too and off.
        
         | pteraspidomorph wrote:
         | I lived in a forested area as a kid and the copper wire was
         | always breaking for various reasons (falling branches, old
         | deployment, temperature and humidity, etc). The ISP would
         | always attempt to reduce the speed and leave it at that. It
         | took a lot of effort as well as personally locating the
         | breakage to get them to come and repair it properly (and it
         | still took forever).
        
         | whalesalad wrote:
         | Sums up my youth on ADSL in the hills of LA. Couldn't get a
         | static IP address on coax/cable so I convinced my family to pay
         | out the ears for speakeasy.net DSL w/ a static IP. Performance
         | was terrible!
        
         | someperson wrote:
         | Potentially apocryphal, but Telstra's copper cable network
         | supposedly had its insulation made of paper, not rubber. I
         | remember when it rained the curbside pits fill with water,
         | causing slowdowns and frequent ADSL dropouts (until things
         | dried out).
        
           | xattt wrote:
           | Many parts of rural Prince Edward Island (PEI) has DSL
           | running on a phone system that's probably original from
           | modernization initiatives in the 1960s - 1980s. Party lines
           | were the norm in some areas up west until late-1980s.
        
             | spookthesunset wrote:
             | Back when a whole family had the same number and you had to
             | ask whoever answered that you want to talk to so and so.
             | Now days everybody has their own number and with caller id
             | you (sometimes) know who is calling.
             | 
             | My daughter is gonna grow up not knowing any of the "shared
             | phone line" etiquette because it is largely obsolete.
        
               | kube-system wrote:
               | A party line is not when "a" whole family shares a line,
               | it's when several separate houses share a line.
        
               | xattt wrote:
               | The party lines I'm talking about are shared loops
               | between a group of residents in a rural area.
               | 
               | Some of the first-hand accounts I've read talked about
               | neighbours listening in on conversations. People could
               | tell a snooper was on the line because the volume of the
               | other caller would drop. There was a social aspect to the
               | whole enterprise because you could tell the one nosy
               | neighbour to get off the line and the volume would
               | magically raise.
               | 
               | (1) http://www.islandregister.com/phones/partyline.html
        
             | Finkregh wrote:
             | You spelled Germany wrong... X_x
        
           | tenebrisalietum wrote:
           | I think this is common in places where they don't expect
           | moisture to reach, but then things change and it gets there
           | anyway.
           | 
           | If your POTS lines are down and the telecom company is
           | telling you a "wet pulp repair" is underway, your phones are
           | going to be down for a while because a bunch of paper-
           | insulated cables need to be manually rewired because they got
           | wet and corroded.
           | 
           | I found this interesting: http://etler.com/docs/bsp-
           | archive/629/629-295-300_I3.pdf - guess it's standard practice
           | to dry out the lines, wrap in cloth, put dessicant and then
           | seal it.
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | jcims wrote:
             | I know there are some telecom folks on here that may be
             | provoked to correct me but pulp was standard before the
             | advent of cheap plastic insulation in the 1950s on up. I
             | live in the midwest and my brother is a lineman for AT&T.
             | There is an astonishing amount of pulp-insulated phone line
             | still in service today.
             | 
             | In order to keep it dry, the conduit that the pulp lines
             | are run through is pressurized to 5-10psi. Anyone that has
             | worked with air compressors knows that pumping ambient
             | pressurized air down into underground pipes is a recipe for
             | condensation, so high capacity air driers are required to
             | remove the water before it goes underground.
             | 
             | Any kind of outage on the compressor or dryer is
             | effectively an emergency because water infiltration can
             | happen almost immediately, creating an outage and extremely
             | expensive repair.
        
               | ComputerGuru wrote:
               | > I know there are some telecom folks on here that may be
               | provoked to correct me
               | 
               | Aka Cunningham's law
               | 
               | > Any kind of outage on the compressor or dryer
               | 
               | I'm confused: isn't a bigger concern any physical damage
               | to the conduit anywhere in the run that is too large for
               | the compressor to overcome? Or are we talking football-
               | field-sized compressors here?
        
               | BoorishBears wrote:
               | http://www.airtalk.com/z_ref-4_1.html
        
               | stefan_ wrote:
               | The more you learn about this ancient cable technology
               | the more absurd it becomes. We shower these fuckers with
               | money but they would rather keep their _paper insulated
               | phone lines with permanent compressors and dryer running_
               | than braindead simple fiber. No wonder it is permanently
               | broken and they can 't keep a single 9 of reliability.
        
               | oasisbob wrote:
               | Fiber may be simple, but the way we use it is not. Unlike
               | copper, a GPON fiber install is going to have active
               | electronics and splice trays for every several dozen
               | subscribers.
               | 
               | Plenty of opportunities for water ingress to still cause
               | problems.
        
               | kazen44 wrote:
               | Also, sending a singal across fiber is definitely not
               | easy.
               | 
               | ADSL is basically modulating a radio wave over a cable
               | directly to another device. Fiber requires high quality
               | optics, high quality lasers, tons of active hardware if
               | you want to do it at scale. (not to mention the mind
               | boggling physics and manufacturing required for things
               | like DWDM, optical path switching etc).
               | 
               | Fiber optics have existed since the 80's yes, but prices
               | of high quality fiber solutions have only dropped
               | massively in the last decade or so.
        
               | stefan_ wrote:
               | Exactly. That all sounds infinitely easier than buried
               | air pipes. Mind boggling physics are what gives us CPUs,
               | but the final product is reliable bar none.
        
               | NavinF wrote:
               | Meh. Fiber has been cheaper than copper per mile for a
               | long time and 10km optics are like $20.
        
               | jcims wrote:
               | I would bet this is a capex/opex thing.
        
           | kabdib wrote:
           | It took over a year for Ziply to repair the land line of my
           | 90-year-old parents. 30+ hours on the phone with support,
           | multiple visits by techs who were simply not interested in
           | doing any work. I had a tech tell me, literally to my face,
           | "this line is working fine" when the line was stone dead.
           | Another told me that I had to buy all new phones because the
           | ones my parents had were "out of date". (To humor him, I
           | bought a $15 phone from a local electronics store, plugged it
           | in and showed the tech that it wasn't working. He did
           | nothing).
           | 
           | I have now learned that the WA state utilities commission is
           | pretty interested when providers try to pull stunts like
           | this. You can also dig out useful company contact information
           | from the commission's website.
        
             | rootusrootus wrote:
             | > I have now learned that the WA state utilities commission
             | is pretty interested when providers try to pull stunts like
             | this.
             | 
             | A number of years ago I worked at a CLEC, during that short
             | window of time when they could exist. One of the more
             | useful things I learned is how much power the PUC has.
             | Every phone company has a team that deals with complaints
             | coming in via the PUC and they are eager to resolve them.
             | Not something I'd necessarily use in lieu of regular old
             | customer service for most issues, but when the first and
             | second attempts fail, calling the PUC will work 100% of the
             | time.
        
       | Eduard wrote:
       | Our homes' water supplies are untapped options for data
       | connectivity.
        
         | joncrocks wrote:
         | joking aside, I remember a while back that there has at least
         | been cursory investigation into running high-speed internet
         | cables through water pipes.
         | 
         | Presuming you have water pipes to your property, could be
         | easier than digging up roads etc.
         | 
         | Only issue might be if you have a leak and need to shut off
         | your water!!
         | 
         | https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2021/aug/09/uk-launch...
        
           | ixfo wrote:
           | The linked article (and government push to do this)
           | completely ignores the fact that this is done frequently now.
           | 
           | It's used to get the last few metres into the home, e.g. from
           | the boundary to the inside of the house. You put a swept tee
           | in at each end, _after the stopcock_. Water off, dig down
           | adjacent to stopcock, cut pipe, shove a drinking water rated
           | duct down the pipe through the small port on a swept tee.
           | Shove some chlorine tablets in the pipe and couple up to the
           | new swept tee. Repeat interception at other end outside or
           | indoors, and then use standard fibre cable blowing through
           | the inner microduct, and away you go.
           | 
           | There's a huge amount of disused water pipes in most
           | developed nations which are frequently used, similarly using
           | sub-ducting, and you can run cable through mains - but have
           | to come out every time there's a valve, so practically it's
           | usually cheaper to dig. Where it comes in handy is where
           | there's areas you can't practically dig up, e.g. major roads
           | with old pipes underneath.
           | 
           | Source: Have done a bunch of this for a major UK telco.
           | 
           | https://www.craley.com/craley-in-pipe-fibre
        
           | Suchos wrote:
           | There is company in Czechia which provides optics via sewage.
           | I guess it is cheaper to use existing infrastructure than to
           | place new pipes under roads.
        
             | martyvis wrote:
             | Sounds a bit like this "How TiSP Works"
             | https://archive.google.com/tisp/install.html
        
           | DaiPlusPlus wrote:
           | > I remember a while back that there has at least been
           | cursory investigation into running high-speed internet cables
           | through water pipes.
           | 
           | Oblig:
           | 
           | https://archive.google.com/tisp/index.html
           | 
           | https://archive.google.com/tisp/install.html
        
       | hereforphone wrote:
       | I think this relies on the particular string being a linear time-
       | invariant channel. There is some limit where the string won't
       | react accordingly (at a certain low or high frequency). What is
       | that later phenomenon called, anyone know?
        
         | NavinF wrote:
         | Hmm the author had to use salt water to get it working. Maybe
         | resistance is the limiting factor rather than dispersion. In
         | which case a higher power modem or some sort of amplifier would
         | get this working over >2m distances.
        
       | stkdump wrote:
       | I guess my home internet connection as a kid used wet string
       | then.
        
       | account-5 wrote:
       | This is the article I'm sending to Sky next time my broadband
       | goes down.
        
         | Nextgrid wrote:
         | Given the state of some telephone cabinets and junction boxes
         | that I've seen, your broadband most likely already has some wet
         | string in the path.
        
       | fghorow wrote:
       | Wet string? OK, fine.
       | 
       | But I defy ADSL to work over something really challenging. Like
       | Telstra copper in Australia.
        
         | hedora wrote:
         | You think the outback's bad? Try getting it to work over AT&T
         | copper in heart of Silicon Valley!
        
       | dang wrote:
       | Discussed at the time:
       | 
       |  _ADSL over wet string_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=15908107 - Dec 2017 (88
       | comments)
        
       | nabla9 wrote:
       | Most HDMI and Coaxial cables are little more than wet string
       | 
       | https://ec.europa.eu/docsroom/documents/46433
       | 
       | >only 10% of the HDMI RMCD met an acceptable EMC quality of at
       | least 50 dB coupling attenuation
        
         | mmastrac wrote:
         | The miracle of modern signal processing!
        
         | Dylan16807 wrote:
         | RMCD sure is an awkward way of spelling "cable". Especially
         | when nobody else seems to use this acronym?
        
       | shireboy wrote:
       | I'm pretty sure this is exactly how my ATT DSL comes in.
        
       | stefan_ wrote:
       | If you want to try this at home, keep in mind that powerline is
       | essentially the same thing - you don't necessarily need some
       | DSLAM. Also these things spew so much RF they can frequently pair
       | through thin air, just from radiated emissions.
        
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