[HN Gopher] Is the big tech era ending?
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Is the big tech era ending?
        
       Author : dash2
       Score  : 208 points
       Date   : 2021-12-04 12:21 UTC (10 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (wyclif.substack.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (wyclif.substack.com)
        
       | sh4un wrote:
       | It's funny how you think voting for the same idiots will save
       | anything.
        
       | Causality1 wrote:
       | We're just now noticing the edge of the cliff rapidly passing eye
       | level as we fall. Every time tech gets easier, its users get more
       | ignorant. Microsoft can take a shit in our mouths with Windows 11
       | because the average Windows 11 user doesn't even know what an
       | operating system is, let alone that they can change to a
       | different one. Facebook and YouTube can do whatever they want
       | because their only competitors are even more toxic than they are.
       | 
       | Who do you think could make big tech fall? The politicians who
       | think it's perfect the way it is or the ones who think it needs
       | to be much worse?
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | hanniabu wrote:
       | The web2 era is ending while the web3 era is just getting started
        
         | _alex_ wrote:
         | web3 just needs to come up with some problems for all it's
         | solutions
        
       | pm90 wrote:
       | There are 2 major things the author fails to mention or address:
       | 
       | 1) Even if Big Tech is not allowed (or chooses not to) compete
       | directly, they've invested massively in creating platforms that
       | power everything, especially other tech companies. eg Every new
       | company starts off in AWS/GCP and most mature companies run their
       | services on the cloud. It seems unlikely that they will be
       | displaced here.
       | 
       | 2) They've created an unprecedented concentration of skills, both
       | in building and operating systems at scale. We do see a lot of
       | scholarly material coming out of eg Google that has inspired OSS
       | tools (not to mention directly to OSS like K8s or Android) and a
       | bunch of SRE principles by employees (current or former) but with
       | their lucrative compensation and career growth opportunities it
       | looks like Big Tech will do just fine in attracting and retaining
       | this talent.
       | 
       | Which makes me somewhat skeptical if the big tech era will end
       | anytime soon.
       | 
       | One thing I have noticed is friends quitting big tech to join
       | startups and many that remain saying that it's quite boring; If
       | big tech culture does change in a meaningful way, I see that as a
       | much bigger threat to their dominance.
        
       | axegon_ wrote:
       | Well... This [1] kinda answers it. Mind you, it is in the process
       | of evolving into new products and markets. As I said a few days
       | ago, I'm not sure what is next but somehow I'm gravitating
       | towards IoT and embedded devices.
       | 
       | [1]
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betteridge%27s_law_of_headline...
        
       | ShakataGaNai wrote:
       | Nope. Not even close. It will change, for sure, but won't end.
       | Look at other industries that have gone through massive
       | consolidation. There are only a few large players in energy
       | space, or cars. Now look at tech? Doesn't even have to go through
       | consolidation, FAANG is already there.
       | 
       | Until the government finds a way to cap the size of companies, or
       | keep them split up... companies will continue to grow.
       | 
       | Maybe big tech will end with the era of megatech....
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ntN4q7vuPUI
        
       | mrkramer wrote:
       | It's not ending it is only the beginning because all antirust
       | lawsuits will fail to do anything meaningful.
        
         | crdrost wrote:
         | The article was not about antitrust but about vulgarity. Like
         | the old school vulgarity, "the speech of the common folk."
         | 
         | The claim is that computation right now belongs to the
         | _nobilis_ and _eruditus populus_ , and things like Excel and
         | Hypercard that bring these things to the _vulgus_ are
         | pathetically limited... But, the story goes, maybe these new
         | tools to wire a bunch of components together--payment gateways
         | with wysiwyg website editors with email--constitute the
         | beginning of a new world where the _vulgus_ can also spread
         | their wings and fly, rather than having to remain in the nest
         | while us mature birds sail the updrafts of programming.
        
       | cryptica wrote:
       | I hope so. Out with big tech, in with small decentralized tech.
        
       | i_am_proteus wrote:
       | [0]
       | 
       | [0]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betteridge's_law_of_headlines
        
       | betwixthewires wrote:
       | I think it is ending, and I like the magic analogy used in the
       | article.
       | 
       | You've seen it before, with IBM, blockbuster, the entire music
       | industry. Business entities get big and think their size protects
       | them from disruption, they begin to implement abusive policies
       | that pay off short term and don't worry about long term because
       | they think their size protects them. This gravy train could go on
       | forever it appears in the moment. Of course we have the advantage
       | of hindsight.
       | 
       | I think the same thing is beginning to happen to big tech.
       | They're beginning to abuse users. Simultaneously, there are _lots
       | of_ alternative options to all of their products being developed.
       | 
       | I see either them being supplanted by new companies (with a
       | couple of course adapting and surviving), or the industry being
       | disrupted heavily by novel ideas. I'd prefer the latter of
       | course, but I will take either.
        
       | hackthefender wrote:
       | > big tech firms got big and stay big, not because of network
       | effects or political power, but because of their rare expertise;
       | and that they cannot keep their advantage in expertise forever
       | 
       | I am pretty sure Facebook got and stays big primarily because of
       | network effects. You could create a website with all the
       | technical features of Facebook, and few would use it because
       | their friends aren't on it.
       | 
       | In my view, it is the pendulum of antitrust law swinging back to
       | stricter enforcement that will end big tech, if at all. The hope
       | that everything will just magically get better now that your
       | local coffee shop can deliver beans to you with off-the-shelf
       | software seems slightly optimistic.
       | 
       | But I hope I'm wrong.
        
         | dash2 wrote:
         | Yes, there's a strong case for Facebook. But consider Skype: it
         | was pretty easy for people to ditch Skype and move to Zoom.
         | Facebook's strength isn't just a network, it also has a lot of
         | people's recorded history. So, the power of network effects
         | varies. I think if e.g. Signal came up with features that
         | Whatsapp lacks, it would have a good chance to displace
         | Whatsapp.
        
           | pdimitar wrote:
           | > _it was pretty easy for people to ditch Skype and move to
           | Zoom_
           | 
           | Only because Microsoft probably assigned two interns to
           | maintain Skype in the last 5 (if not more) years. I do agree
           | with your point though.
        
           | bostik wrote:
           | If Skype had remained as useful and easy to use as it was >10
           | years ago, Zoom would
           | 
           | A) probably never have picked up steam, and
           | 
           | B) had a much steeper uphill battle
           | 
           | Before the plague hit only startups really used Zoom. The
           | corporate video call space was dominated by things like Webex
           | (awful), BlueJeans (awful), whatever MS morphed into current
           | Teams (only slightly less awful), or if you were lucky,
           | Google Hangouts (also just slightly less awful). Skype wasn't
           | even a contender, and even against the kind of all-star field
           | I just listed, it was a shitty experience - which says a lot.
           | 
           | There was a big void for real-time video business
           | conferencing that "just worked", but until early 2020, the
           | space was cornered off by giants who saw it, at best, as
           | barren ground. Enter global, mandatory remote working and all
           | of a sudden the existing players had _nothing_ to offer. The
           | market had stagnated, and beancounters had driven out all
           | expensive innovation. All of a sudden, the space blows up and
           | the neglected main tech in use is no longer fit for the new
           | purpose.
           | 
           | Zoom has a lot of problems, but what they did have was a
           | product that "just worked" in almost any setup, coupled with
           | architecture and infrastructure that at least COULD respond
           | to insane, long-lasting spike in demand.
           | 
           | Skype had become a rotting corpse nobody wanted to look or
           | smell, but that was too heavy to move and too putrid to
           | touch. We needed big enough a fire to burn it to ashes to
           | make space for someone less atrocious. Zoom just happened to
           | catch the tailwind, mostly because all the existing players
           | had also abandoned the space but would not dare to leave it
           | unguarded.
        
             | rsj_hn wrote:
             | I've used google hangouts and then Meets at my work and
             | it's fine. It does not require any special training to use,
             | it works as you'd expect, and basically gets out of your
             | way.
             | 
             | I've used Zoom for online classes (as a student) and don't
             | see any difference or advantage between it and Meets. You
             | still click a link and and a window open ups, your camera
             | turns on, there is a chat box, etc.
        
               | bostik wrote:
               | I use Zoom and Meet daily too. They are both functional
               | on the bare-bones level but fail miserably with anything
               | more complex - such as a 10+ person meeting. Or screen
               | sharing.
               | 
               | Meets craps its UI dimensions when you open chat. Zoom
               | pops the chat window up in the middle of the screen,
               | which is only slightly less bad. Both have problems if
               | you have detachable video camera(s) in addition to
               | laptop's own. And don't get me started on the audio path:
               | even if you do manage to pick the right input and output,
               | there's no guarantee the audio actually gets routed
               | through. Expect to restart the video call software 25% of
               | the time and pray it reconnects the streams all the way
               | through.
               | 
               | Oh, and Zoom's screen sharing experience on multi-monitor
               | OSX setup is unforgivable. When you choose to share a
               | screen, it triggers a sequence where the audience sees
               | your shared view but you do not. The window you chose to
               | share gets hidden locally.
               | 
               | Whoever thought that would be an acceptable user
               | experience needs to have their head examined. Possibly
               | with a trepanner.
        
           | izelnakri wrote:
           | However there is no good alternative for Meta's Facebook,
           | despite its degrading web UI over the years. I dont think its
           | that much of a problem growing at 1-2% per month instead of
           | 20-25% for any new social network.
           | 
           | People should ideally stop using whatsapp and move over to
           | Telegram as it seems to be the only one that has whatsapp UX
           | parity. Thats what I did, and I also have signal, discord etc
           | and I own no shares of Telegram.
        
             | LinuxBender wrote:
             | I use Zoom and Skype but Zoom has not come close to
             | replacing Skype for me. I have skype-in with multiple
             | landline phone numbers in multiple states. Zoom does not
             | offer this yet.
        
             | sofixa wrote:
             | > People should ideally stop using whatsapp and move over
             | to Telegram as it seems to be the only one that has
             | whatsapp UX parity.
             | 
             | UX parity?? Telegram's UX blows WhatsApp out of the water.
             | Stickers, message edits, polls, location sharing, bots for
             | public channels, audio chats, etc etc. It's not even close!
        
               | Ekaros wrote:
               | And I don't really want any of that. I want just send
               | textual message to group of people for free. Maybe add an
               | image, but that is it. I don't really care about anything
               | extra.
        
               | sofixa wrote:
               | But even that Telegram does better, because you can edit
               | messages you've sent to correct typos, you can pin them
               | in channels, and there are extra nice things which might
               | come in handy ( when do you want to meet? A pinned poll
               | and it's easy).
        
           | orlovs wrote:
           | Did not thread fully, but I get your point. I know large
           | portion hacker news audience dont like Sowell (and other
           | Chicago school econs). In Basic Economy he defines that
           | monopoly cant be defined "market share", but how hard is to
           | migrate off/open new competitors. Seing how tiktok eating
           | userbase for fb. Its hardly defined as monopoly in social
           | media angle. There should be more
        
         | root_axis wrote:
         | > _You could create a website with all the technical features
         | of Facebook, and few would use it because their friends aren 't
         | on it._
         | 
         | Much easier said than done. FB is a _massive_ product, I don 't
         | think anyone can realistically predict how something that
         | really had all the features of FB would actually fare. Beyond
         | that, we know that new networks are created all the time
         | despite the existence of other big ones. Based on your premise,
         | tiktok shouldn't have existed, nor insta, nor snapchat. Network
         | effects matter but if the product actually does something
         | useful or better and is well designed, people will come.
        
         | cblconfederate wrote:
         | The best thing that regulators can do is to enforce common
         | protocols. The only things that have survived becoming a walled
         | garden by big tech are big protocols that existed before them
         | (e.g. email)
        
         | civilized wrote:
         | Facebook stays big because nobody else seems to have the magic
         | combination of (1) a more compelling product vision for a
         | social network, (2) capacity to execute and scale that vision.
         | 
         | Come on, can't anyone make a product that connects friends
         | better than FB? I'm sure it's technically amazing, but from a
         | product perspective, my god, look at the thing, it's an
         | absolute garbage fire. You can tell from the notifications it
         | sends that it wants you to watch shitty videos and read shitty
         | news articles alone, not connect you with your friends.
         | 
         | Make a social network that feels like an actual social space
         | and not an ad-infested media shithole, and I'll sign up, my
         | friends will sign up, everyone will sign up, and FB will be
         | toast in a couple months.
        
           | wintermutestwin wrote:
           | I agree with you, but queue the responses implying that
           | without adtech stalkerware there is no way to pay for it.
           | 
           | My response to that tired theme: you don't need a mega $B
           | valuation to pay for a simple social network for sharing baby
           | pics with friends and family. A non-profit or a benefit corp
           | structure would be just fine.
        
             | civilized wrote:
             | Check out RStudio PBC. Incredible tech company. Doing just
             | fine.
             | 
             | And people pay $10/mo for Netflix, why wouldn't they pay a
             | few bucks a month for an actually good social network?
             | Heck, make it free for a month or six, no credit card
             | needed, and when people see how good it is they won't
             | leave. I pay for Disney+ just to let my kids watch Disney
             | movies BECAUSE THEY'RE GOOD.
        
               | ziml77 wrote:
               | You need a lot of people using the service for people to
               | find it worth paying for. I saw this with Pillowfort;
               | intended to be a place for the people who had been forced
               | off of Tumblr to go. They require a one-time $5 payment
               | to create an account because they don't want to bring in
               | investors and be forced to exploit their users to
               | maximize earnings. This payment stopped a lot of people
               | from joining. They are used to being able to share their
               | art and socialize online for free. And they had no
               | guarantee that others would join and stick with the site.
        
         | tim333 wrote:
         | >Facebook ... stays big primarily because of network effects
         | 
         | And trying to buy anything that competes. If they'd been
         | blocked from buying Instagram and WhatsApp they'd be in a much
         | weaker position. Antitrust stuff could in principle stop them
         | doing that.
        
         | DannyBee wrote:
         | Antitrust won't end big tech. It will just kneecap the US and
         | Europe. They will take the only part of the new economy they
         | have a foothold in and hand it to someone else. China's tech
         | companies, supported and subsidized by the government, will
         | take over. This is blindingly obvious.
         | 
         | The thing that is amusing is that US/Europe seem to think they
         | will be able to deal with this and effectively regulate them,
         | despite not succeeding at this at all in the past (see China +
         | IP, etc).
         | 
         | One major reason is that China is willing to play "unfairly" to
         | support its companies. US/Europe will be unable to ban these
         | services entirely because their citizens depend on them too
         | much. They will attempt what they do now, which is to regulate
         | them in various ways to "ensure competition"
         | 
         | But when you go to do that to a chinese company, the government
         | will find a way to make it hurt for you. You make it hurt for
         | Chinese Search Engine Company, they will ban the chip companies
         | from making chips for you, etc. They are much better at this
         | game than the other governments.
        
           | karmasimida wrote:
           | > China's tech companies, supported and subsidized by the
           | government, will take over.
           | 
           | This is going to be unlikely, when the Chinese government is
           | actively kneecapping its own big techs.
           | 
           | Data is going to be regulated like money, and not everyone is
           | going to have the privilege to operate data on one's soil
           | moving forward. No western companies could do in China, or
           | vice versa.
           | 
           | > US/Europe will be unable to ban these services entirely
           | because their citizens depend on them too much.
           | 
           | They can just ask it to sell, which was happening to TikTok,
           | or setting up joint venture capital. They are many ways to do
           | such things, government can make you bleed if they want to.
        
             | ksec wrote:
             | >This is going to be unlikely, when the Chinese government
             | is actively kneecapping its own big techs.
             | 
             | Not really, just taming them. Which is pretty much all done
             | at this point.
        
             | DannyBee wrote:
             | The chinese government is not kneecapping them, it's
             | carefully forcing them to fall in line, and doing so in a
             | way that won't hurt its own interests.
             | 
             | Remember that in China, the government is the kingmaker. In
             | the US/EU, the companies are the kingmakers. China is
             | simply reminding some of it's companies that this is the
             | case.
             | 
             | As for the last, good luck. You have a coherent long term
             | strategy that they are willing to sacrifice short term for
             | on one side, and a completely incoherent mess that changes
             | every 4-6 years on the US/EU side.
             | 
             | After they are finished kneecapping the US/EU companies,
             | they will need these chinese companies more than china
             | needs them. Not exactly a great negotiating position -
             | there will come a point where you say "sell", and they say
             | "nah, that's okay, we're good".
        
           | cmrdporcupine wrote:
           | It depends on what we are talking about in regards to "big
           | tech".
           | 
           | It's not clear to me that products like Facebook that are
           | primarily driven by _cultural_ rather than _technical_
           | dominance are something that the Chinese are likely to be
           | able to dominate in. Facebook dominates because your friends
           | and family and hobbies and whatever are on there, doing their
           | thing. When they stop doing that, Facebook won 't dominate
           | anymore.
           | 
           | Now if Han culture becomes internationally dominant as the
           | "cool" culture which North Americans Europeans aspire to
           | emulate (like how American culture was internationally in the
           | post WWII era through, say, the early 90s), then all bets are
           | off -- but I think the trend is actually going opposite to
           | that now.
           | 
           | Until then, there will be social networks that dominate in
           | China and there will be social networks that dominate in
           | Europe and North America; because culturally (and
           | politically, obviously) and they will rarely overlap as these
           | are still two very distinct entities.
           | 
           | I think it's likely that the same argument applies to a
           | lesser degree to the ads space, and maybe even to commerce.
           | Something like AliExpress feels worlds apart from Amazon
           | despite the latter become increasingly a wild west of knock-
           | off discount Chinese products anyways.
        
             | leadingthenet wrote:
             | Counterpoint: TikTok.
        
             | ipaddr wrote:
             | All big movies have random Chinese culture or star
             | included. Han culture may become part of hollywood's core
             | which will spread the culture
        
           | cma wrote:
           | The US funded EUV technology (the tech behind 7nm and below),
           | and have used that DARPA funding to prevent Europe's ASML
           | from selling to China. It seems to be almost exactly what you
           | are warning about in reverse.
        
         | agumonkey wrote:
         | facebook also caught the social internet first wave.. humanity
         | never had a global website to 'exist' .. facebook came,
         | everybody thought it would be teh future and wanted to try.
        
           | cblconfederate wrote:
           | that s not true. many different social networks existed, and
           | many were very close to facebook. there were even blogs etc.
           | Facebook was the only one willing to ruthlessly go after
           | people's contacts lists, and get them to use their real names
           | so even non-internet users would undestand it. After it had
           | picked up exponentially more users it was basically
           | impossible to match for others.
        
             | agumonkey wrote:
             | Afaik there was nothing like Facebook. Blogs and even
             | MySpace don't count. They weren't integrated like Facebook
             | (you could interact with people in a lot of ways).
        
           | tibyat wrote:
           | you must be young :)
        
       | xg15 wrote:
       | > _The great dark towers of the necromancers, which tried to do
       | everything magical under one roof, suffer the usual problems of
       | conglomerates: weak incentives, and no specialist expertise.
       | Eventually their empires shrink._
       | 
       | Except we went through this a few times already. E.g. on the
       | consumer side, there was dot com (open), AOL (conglomerate), web
       | 2.0 (open) and now FAANG (conglomerate).
       | 
       | This looks more like going in circles than one distincive trend.
        
       | throw_m239339 wrote:
       | No, it's just that, like banking in the en of 2000's the tech
       | sector gets way more scrutiny from the media, the public and
       | politicians, a convenient scapegoat to blame for all the
       | problems. It's interesting how all the same politicians stopped
       | talking about Wall Streets and "fat cat bankers"... the new big
       | bad wolf is now "big tech", in 10 years it will be something
       | else...
        
         | dane-pgp wrote:
         | The fact that politicians and the media were talking about Wall
         | Street ten years ago during the Great Recession, and talked
         | about it less after economies started to recover, is not all
         | that surprising.
         | 
         | Similarly, the fact that politicians and the media are talking
         | about big tech at a time when social media is being used to
         | (depending on your politics) plan insurrections or deplatform
         | the most important person in the world, doesn't seem like a
         | misdirection from more relevant stories.
         | 
         | I'm not sure what you're suggesting is the purpose of these
         | narratives, but I think you need to be careful that you're not
         | implying that there is a sinister group of people who control
         | the world's media, financial, and political systems, and are
         | using that control to direct people towards "scapegoats" to
         | distract the public from their own nefarious plots.
        
       | novok wrote:
       | "Why work on a cool app or faster database, if Google or Facebook
       | will copy your idea and sell it at scale?"
       | 
       | Because if you've worked at these companies, you know you can
       | spin circles around them in execution speed alone. Not to mention
       | way too many things are too small scale for them to even pay
       | attention to.
       | 
       | And if your successful, they would rather buy you most of the
       | time than make a competitor because it's probably cheaper for
       | them in many cases. In startup world, it's pretty rare they go
       | the copycat route. You can cite examples, but that is
       | survivorship bias ignoring the many more they do not copy.
       | 
       | The biggest issue with bigtech is actually hiring. They suck up
       | the labor market and make it hard to get good people affordably.
       | The good employees rationally do what is best for them and go
       | work at bigtech, which includes me.
        
       | trabant00 wrote:
       | > society starts to learn more about wizardry. Real wizards are
       | distinguished from charlatans by their results. A few wise
       | wizards keep their power and even extend it. Ordinary people
       | still can't cast spells themselves, but they know the names of
       | the wisest wizards.
       | 
       | They do not know the wizards. Even the article uses Bezos as the
       | target for the "wisest wizards" link. He is a king, not a
       | wizzard! The wizzards are beink kept out of sight in the castles.
       | And the royal courts issues statements that they do not exist.
       | You merely have to use SAFE, Cloud, Containers, etc to have the
       | same results.
        
       | gyre007 wrote:
       | NO
        
       | boh wrote:
       | It's obviously not. Persistent growth requirements for
       | corporations will always lead to concentration. You need
       | systematic change, not performative censures on popular companies
       | to actually make an impact.
       | 
       | Microsoft was broken up and it's still "big".
        
       | api wrote:
       | The most powerful disruptor of big tech would be to figure out
       | how to escape, sidestep, or easily coopt their network effects.
        
         | slackfan wrote:
         | The Amish are the fastest growing population group...
        
       | talkingtab wrote:
       | Dinosaurs were doomed because they were overly adapted to an
       | ecosystem. They were evolutionary hill climbers, just as big tech
       | is currently over adapted to the current environment. It may be
       | years before these present day dinosaurs die out. There may be
       | some catastrophic event that affects the environment or they may
       | just wither. Who knows. But the signs that they are over adapted
       | are certainly present.
        
         | mellavora wrote:
         | Which particular ecosystem of the 300 million years
         | traditionally ascribed to the dinosaur eras where they overly
         | adopted to?
         | 
         | Mammals have only made it 200-250M years, humans *far* less.
         | 
         | and it's not clear the dinosaurs are gone (looks at a bird).
        
       | ahdh8f4hf4h8 wrote:
       | I don't think traditional companies will subsume technology as
       | the article claims - big companies tend to innovate by
       | acquisition, and VERY FEW companies are actually good at
       | producing software at scale. I don't think we've reached phase 3
       | in the article yet - very few companies have figured out the
       | "magic" of software, hardware, large scale data mining, hosting,
       | etc.
       | 
       | I also don't think tech will have long lasting monopolies, unless
       | government regulation makes it so. Who's worried about IBM or
       | Intel nowadays? Anyone using myspace or vine? All of these were
       | dominant at one point.
       | 
       | I do expect a shift in investor mindset - right now tech
       | companies are not held to the same profitability standards, so
       | the tech stocks are very expensive for even wildly optimistic
       | projections of future growth. It's as if the market is already
       | pricing in a future monopoly for these companies. Given how
       | fragile tech monopolies tend to be, I expect a correction at some
       | point (not a good short though - no way to predict the timing)
        
         | seaman1921 wrote:
         | > Who's worried about IBM or Intel nowadays? Anyone using
         | myspace or vine?
         | 
         | This statement would be relevant here if these companies hadn't
         | been replaced by even bigger monopolies. So if facebook and
         | apple is replaced by something even bigger, the folks who are
         | afraid of monopolies would have more to worry about.
        
           | ahdh8f4hf4h8 wrote:
           | IBM was a much bigger and more domineering monopoly at it's
           | peak - there was a time where you effectively could not have
           | computers or a datacenter without paying IBM money, directly
           | or indirectly. I wouldn't qualify most of the FAANGs as
           | monopolies (at least not yet) - reasonable substitutes exists
           | for all of them.
           | 
           | The modern market does favor a handful of large players for
           | each market - this is true in almost all sectors though. This
           | not a monopoly though; as long as the top players change over
           | time it is still a working market.
        
         | dash2 wrote:
         | Even if few companies "get" good software, big tech might still
         | end if good software companies start to sell disaggregated
         | services. Shopify is an example from the article.
         | 
         | This wouldn't mean there are no big software companies. But it
         | would mean that end-to-end providers like Amazon no longer
         | dominated.
        
       | amznbyebyebye wrote:
       | There is no soul left in these companies. It has become a day job
       | to collect a paycheck. One guy working on ec2 can move to
       | internal finance reporting can move to s3 and then move to retail
       | (at amazon). Without the soul, at some point the hollowness will
       | cause you to implode. Yes AWS can keep selling tech infra, but
       | the net new innovation is where they suck. Look at how lackluster
       | the reinvent keynotes were.
       | 
       | So what do you do? Innovate with passion. And then what? They
       | come and copy you and sell it at a greater scale, with more
       | marketing $, growing some VPs pnl.
       | 
       | I do think where you still have a chance is software. Big tech
       | still hasn't cracked software. But it can't be tech infra
       | software (AWS) and not social software (Fb). So compete where
       | they don't play is the safest. Because when they try to compete
       | at least they will go through buy or build and will either buy
       | you (and kill your soul) or build a shitty version within.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | pdimitar wrote:
       | Hell no it's not ending, why would you even think that? Because a
       | few governments _only started_ cautiously talking about breaking
       | apart giants? So what? As if corporate lawyers don 't find holes
       | in any new regulation literally the same week. Governments take
       | _years_ to formulate a legislation, and your average corporate
       | legal team defeats it in days.
       | 
       | The big tech era is in fact now just starting. The big
       | corporations finally realized nobody is seriously challenging
       | them so they will only tighten the grip gradually from here on.
       | 
       | I am actually afraid for _small_ tech now. And that one day me
       | using a PiHole might get criminalized. Or a rootless VPN used for
       | blocking invasive traffic on an Android phone might become a
       | reason for some lobbyists to pressure my ISP into stopping my
       | internet access.
       | 
       | Keep your guard up, folks, and improve your hardware operation
       | skills -- and any physical real-life skills in general. We can't
       | all be dependent on the corps, they must always be shown we can
       | do without them and we only tolerate them because they are not
       | _too_ unpleasant.
        
         | mehdix wrote:
         | I'm doing my part:
         | 
         | - Degoogled for three years now - Voting with my money (such as
         | supporting Pine64) - Self-hosting my website and some services
         | - Self-hosting at work as much as possible - Learning and
         | applying basic tech instead of some black box from some giant
         | corp - Shopping regional as much as possible - Shopping on
         | alternative online stores - etc.
        
           | ramesh31 wrote:
           | Unfortunately you were never the target audience. Companies
           | like Google operate on the scale of billions, and the vast
           | majority are completely unsophisticated and only able to use
           | whatever software is easiest.
        
             | rightbyte wrote:
             | > the vast majority are completely unsophisticated and only
             | able to use whatever software is easiest.
             | 
             | Not really "the vast majority" ...
             | 
             | I believe the problem on Google's side is that it is easier
             | to do good services on easy stuff, like mail and simple
             | search querries like "who is the president in Finland" or
             | "when does X close".
             | 
             | So Google prioritizes trivia searches over searches an
             | unsophisticated dentist would querry to look up some
             | procedure.
             | 
             | Programmers just seem to rely more on websearches where
             | other fields have like magazines, workplace courses and
             | conferences.
        
             | GhettoComputers wrote:
             | You don't need everyone to change, the commoners imitate
             | the elite.
        
               | randcraw wrote:
               | Who will the masses ultimately follow: solitary tech
               | savvy geeks who warn of naked emperors? Or armies of
               | corporate-sponsored feel-good social influencers who
               | entertain by promoting only themselves and the fad-du-
               | jour?
               | 
               | I know none of the former who have built self-promotion-
               | based $multi-million empires. I wish that were true of
               | the latter.
        
               | GhettoComputers wrote:
               | The masses will do the easy thing, signal was made and
               | adopted by WhatsApp for example.
               | 
               | The magic and evil of software and hardware is that you
               | don't have to understand it to use it. Elon musk memed
               | people into crypto.
        
             | tartoran wrote:
             | Yep. Same thougts here. But I feel that a turning point may
             | come at some point though
        
             | dane-pgp wrote:
             | The point of technically-minded people switching away from
             | these companies isn't that we expect everyone else to all
             | follow our example at the same time. Instead, the goal is
             | to support these alternative services financially; and with
             | bug reports, feature requests, and pull requests; so that
             | those alternative services _become_ the easiest to use, at
             | which point the rest of society will switch without having
             | to be told.
             | 
             | That may seem unrealistic, since billions-scale companies
             | have much greater resources to invest in user experience,
             | but you have to think of this as asymmetric warfare, with
             | their size being a liability rather than an asset.
             | 
             | For example, large services need to justify their expenses
             | by maximising the amount of money they extract from users
             | (just look at the latest controversial feature of Edge[0]).
             | Also, keeping these alternative services running provides
             | an existence proof to regulators about how services don't
             | need to be exploitative, giving them cover to write rules
             | that re-balance the playing field, such as requiring social
             | media and messaging companies to make their services
             | interoperable.[1]
             | 
             | [0] https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-59492429
             | 
             | [1] https://marketresearchtelecast.com/digital-markets-act-
             | meps-...
        
           | tartoran wrote:
           | Im on the same page but personally I think it won't make a
           | big difference.
        
             | reaperducer wrote:
             | You don't always have to make an impact on the world.
             | Sometimes making an impact on your world is enough.
        
             | 2OEH8eoCRo0 wrote:
             | It's not so much about making a difference as it's about
             | living by principles.
             | 
             | I boycott Facebook, Amazon, and Disney.
        
               | randcraw wrote:
               | I agree that living by principles is worthwhile. But so
               | few people do it that it will have so little impact on
               | market forces and inequities that they are wholly
               | irrelevant to the OP topic. You may as well tell us that
               | you've decided to take up flying by flapping your arms.
        
               | dvtrn wrote:
               | _You may as well tell us that you 've decided to take up
               | flying by flapping your arms._
               | 
               | How is having and deciding to live by a set of personal
               | principals, even if there isn't an outcome on "market
               | forces" in _any remote_ way comparable to believing
               | you're a bird?
        
               | Lich wrote:
               | > It's not so much about making a difference
        
               | [deleted]
        
           | hoofedear wrote:
           | It's like going technologically vegan
        
         | throwaway894345 wrote:
         | > Governments take years to formulate a legislation, and your
         | average corporate legal team defeats it in days.
         | 
         | Cynically I suspect the lobbyists defeat it before it is even
         | signed (ensuring the legislation has appropriate loopholes,
         | etc).
        
         | throwaway47292 wrote:
         | Remember, things are never as good or as bad as you think.
         | 
         | 'Offline' internet can come back, we can put 32g of microsd
         | cards in special locations so we can share content and
         | /etc/hosts without anyone knowing, maybe go online from time to
         | time to get the newest /etc/hosts from your friends and the new
         | locations for microsd cards near you.
         | 
         | Gopher is making a comeback, and gemini is growing.
         | 
         | Pi zero 2W costs 10$ and with 40$ screen you can watch feynman
         | lectures with mplayer -vo fbdev, it boots into vim for 3
         | seconds (init into openvt -w vim kinda thing).
         | 
         | Soon the-eye.eu will be back (hopefully).
         | 
         | The new phrack is out.
         | 
         | The social networks are eating themselves, same as google is
         | eating itself, the search is garbage, the feed is even more
         | garbage, 99% of the content is anxiety inducing miasma.
         | 
         | The web is eating itself, with gazillions of GPT(ish) generated
         | articles.
         | 
         | Let it go, life always finds a way.
        
           | reaperducer wrote:
           | _we can put 32g of microsd cards in special locations so we
           | can share content and /etc/hosts without anyone knowing_
           | 
           | For a short while, when sneakernet was still higher capacity
           | than the internet, people used to embed USB drives in trees
           | and other public places. You'd walk up, plug in, and download
           | the content. Things like full wikis of specialized subjects.
           | Or videos of neighborhood events. Ideally, they were always
           | made somehow read-only. I wouldn't want to imagine what would
           | happen if they were read/write. We'd be right back to the
           | internet we have today.
           | 
           | Still, it's something I do wish would have taken off. Maybe
           | we could still do something like that today by setting up
           | miniature web BBSes on hotspots in or near public parks. Not
           | everything in the world should be open to the entire planet.
           | As long as you weren't in a tourist district, you could be
           | pretty sure the content was at least locally generated.
        
             | throwaway47292 wrote:
             | i am working on putting a pizero2+solar panel as a hotspot
             | in a tree deep in the nearby forest, you will be able to
             | connect to it and get content
             | 
             | i will put all kinds of public domain data on it, from most
             | of gutenberg books to all kinds lectures encoded with h265
             | 
             | will be so cool to have to go to the middle of the forest
             | to download a book :)
             | 
             | the whole thing should cost no more than 30$ (biggest
             | challenge is to make sure that the battery bursting in
             | flames wont melt the case and set things on fire)
        
               | na85 wrote:
               | Spend a bit more and get a quality charge controller, and
               | a gel-chemistry battery.
        
           | emptyfile wrote:
           | >the-eye.eu
           | 
           | The fat that this website is down and only links to their
           | Discord is very ironic.
        
           | Nextgrid wrote:
           | > /etc/hosts
           | 
           | > Gopher is making a comeback, and gemini is growing.
           | 
           | > Pi zero 2W
           | 
           | Another thing you need to keep in mind is that the number of
           | people with the skills necessary to use this is low. Not to
           | mention that new generations have grown up with the current
           | status-quo and seem to be happy enough with it not to search
           | for alternatives.
           | 
           |  _If_ things get really bad (a debate for which I 'm not
           | taking either side), only a very small minority will be able
           | to use the aforementioned workarounds and can trivially be
           | marginalized and crushed with legislation and its
           | enforcement.
        
             | mro_name wrote:
             | > number of people with the skills necessary
             | 
             | I repeatedly run the experiment to pitch a low-tech
             | solution to a high-tech fund and aim exactly there:
             | 
             | Reduce the required skill to 1) signing a hosting contract
             | and 2) copying a single file to that webspace. Really!
             | 
             | So that's several orders of magnitude more people than
             | today. Instantly.
             | 
             | But got it the 3rd time officially now, that such would
             | have no societal impact and isn't considered innovative,
             | either. The time isn't here yet.
        
             | GhettoComputers wrote:
             | You download a file and run it on your Pi, its literally
             | made to teach children computing. You can buy a used
             | android phone and do it easier a pi is too expensive or
             | hard.
        
               | wackget wrote:
               | Questions people will ask:
               | 
               | 1. What is a Pi?
               | 
               | 2. Where's the keyboard/mouse/screen?
               | 
               | 3. What does "download a file" mean?
               | 
               | 4. What does "run it" mean?
               | 
               | And as for using an Android... that immediately defeats
               | the purpose since they're basically Google data vacuums.
        
               | GhettoComputers wrote:
               | I don't see your point. Using the Internet is a data
               | vaccum, you will probably google it even and watch the
               | lecture on YouTube.
               | 
               | You don't need to do any of this this listen to the
               | Feynman lectures.
        
             | e9 wrote:
             | It's on this community right here to make these things as
             | easy and accessible as possible for everyone to use.
        
             | throwaway47292 wrote:
             | > Not to mention that new generations have grown up with
             | the current status-quo and seem to be happy enough with it
             | not to search for alternatives.
             | 
             | Even though this is true, it is not impossible to expand
             | their horizon. We still have not figured out the pedagogy
             | or even andragogy of how to teach technology.
             | 
             | Check out my progress with my daughter(10):
             | https://github.com/jackdoe/programming-for-kids, We are
             | also making a card game https://punkjazz.org/programming-
             | time/easy.html to play with her and donate to other kids
             | interested in learning.
             | 
             | Spending time with pi zero and arduino and building
             | retropie games, using links2 instead of chrome from time to
             | time, she is making great progress. Make the lights in her
             | room work after few claps, with arduino nano and sound
             | sensor so her code can control the light.
             | 
             | And this is only with 20-30 minutes per day.
             | 
             | You might think that the kids are blind to what is going
             | on, but they do see, they know something is wrong, they
             | know they are being exploited and cheated to buy lootboxes
             | and skins.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | throwaway47292 wrote:
               | her website might spark some nostalgia feelings of the
               | early web: https://punkjazz.org/jackie/
               | 
               | :) at least it makes me feel like things are not as bad.
        
           | pdimitar wrote:
           | Been a programmer professionally for 20 years now and I
           | regret not learning more sysadmin skills. But I'll catch up.
           | 
           | In the meantime, more links about how these things are done
           | will be appreciated.
        
             | spc476 wrote:
             | I've been programming professionally for 30 years now, and
             | I have learned sysadmin skills---the skills required
             | changed at least three times and the skills I learned in
             | the 90s/early 2000s are largely obsolete, the skills from
             | the early 2000s/2010s are on the way out.
             | 
             | You can't win, you can't break even, and you can't get out
             | of the game.
        
         | roody15 wrote:
         | Agree feel like we have entered Blade Runner style future where
         | mega tech corporations essentially run everything.
        
         | marto1 wrote:
         | If anything introducing new legislation clearly helps out big
         | tech in the end by raising the bar for their (smaller)
         | competition thus deepening their moat even further.
         | 
         | It's no wonder FB is pretty much always positive about this law
         | or that law that will supposedly regulate tech in one way or
         | another.
        
         | tapan_jk wrote:
         | A comment about one aspect of big tech, i.e IT infrastructure
         | (think AWS, GCP, Azure, and now Cloudflare etc.):
         | 
         | I don't see this mentioned enough but it wouldn't be surprising
         | if some companies will want to start owning and running their
         | own IT infrastructure. Buy your own servers and setup a small
         | data-center for a small to medium business. This will be a
         | thing again. The pendulum has to swing, but the question is --
         | is there money in enabling this for companies that want to go
         | this way? I expect some startups in near future to target this
         | opportunity and help shift towards decentralization (again).
        
           | 0KnowledgeGoof wrote:
           | On a related note, I run noscript on my browser and overall
           | it's not a bad experience. The conveniences IMO outweigh the
           | inconveniences.
           | 
           | However, Cloudfront, JSDeliver, etc are a pain. I understand
           | the benefits of caching javascript locally to me, but I want
           | to see companies start hosting their scripts all from their
           | own servers.
           | 
           | If FontAwesome isn't already a tracking company, it's only a
           | matter of time. Cringy-cool name, tentacles throughout the
           | web, all for _fonts_. I'm a senior fullstack dev and I get
           | tradeoffs, but the technical-societal-tradeoffs of the web
           | are bewildering.
        
           | xuki wrote:
           | I was thinking the exact same thing recently. If you can
           | setup and manage an infrastructure by yourself, you have
           | pretty good advantage in term of cost.
        
           | kazen44 wrote:
           | but this is already the case for a LOT of companies. HN seems
           | so focused on cloud and sillicon valley that they forget
           | there are hundreds of datacenters filled with colocated space
           | and connectivity.
           | 
           | Colo is cheap, connectivity is cheaper then it has ever been,
           | and most bussiness don't require massive scaling to do their
           | bussiness.
           | 
           | Also, owning your own infra allows you to innovate and play a
           | game outside of the borders aws, gcp and azure are drawing up
           | for you.
        
           | ksec wrote:
           | >I expect some startups in near future to target this
           | opportunity
           | 
           | https://oxide.computer
           | 
           | But most of the problem isn't with infrastructure. Once you
           | start using AWS's services it is the software that is most
           | problematic. And that is why all these infrastructure / cloud
           | provider wants to do serverless.
        
           | ape4 wrote:
           | Are any companies selling a package to make this happen. Your
           | Own Cloud Starter kit only $1.5M
        
           | simonbarker87 wrote:
           | Right now there is a lot of money to be made in moving
           | companies to the cloud, I predict that in 10-20 years time
           | there will be a lot of money to be made moving them out of
           | that same cloud.
           | 
           | I hate having to learn all of AWS, GCP and Azure proprietary
           | tech, I'll take a Linode box any day thank you
        
           | taf2 wrote:
           | IMO the thing to watch for is regulations around what rules
           | you need to follow to be compliant in how you operate your
           | data center or physical servers. It's very likely big tech
           | will lobby for rules that appear to be anti big tech but
           | actually will make it harder to operate independent from a
           | big tech provider... think net neutrality (not saying I don't
           | think we need it just as an example)
        
           | sofixa wrote:
           | Why? Especially for small and medium businesses, the capital
           | costs involved rarely make sense, and if you're leasing,
           | might as well lease from a cloud provider which saves you
           | time and people. There are many smaller players which are OK
           | depending on uptime requirements - OVHCloud, Digital Ocean,
           | Hetzner, Scaleway, Linode, etc.
        
             | pdimitar wrote:
             | I don't disagree with you but I wonder if you are
             | underestimating how many years of useful service can you
             | get out of dual Xeon E-2690v3 systems. Almost no business
             | actually needs the latest and greatest -- the only serious
             | concern when hosting on-prem is energy consumption and heat
             | dissipation. If that can be covered well the rest is much
             | easier to cope with.
        
               | FpUser wrote:
               | I do have some server hardware on premises (well it is in
               | my basement and I have fat internet pipes) but I do not
               | mind going middle road and renting dedicated servers on
               | Hetzner and OVH. They're surprisingly cheap for whet they
               | offer. The same performance / resource wise hardware on
               | Amazon would make one bleed the money.
        
               | pdimitar wrote:
               | Agreed, and that's just what we might end up doing btw. A
               | bit more manual sysadmin work which we end up doing on
               | EC2 instances currently anyway. And a lot of money can be
               | saved by EU dedicated server hosting.
        
             | ericd wrote:
             | The capital costs are very easy to make back. For us, the
             | payback period was <1 year, and our machines provided
             | unbeatable performance with very good transparency into
             | issues, which made it relatively easy to track down issues.
             | Dedicated machines are really, really powerful now, and you
             | can do with a few what it used to take racks. I feel like
             | the perception of "it's too hard" or "it's actually more
             | expensive" is subtly encouraged and reinforced by the
             | myriad companies that stand to benefit - all those hosted
             | services, the cloud providers, etc. And they make it easy
             | for individual employees to appear more productive, but in
             | exchange for costing their companies much more in the long
             | run, and introducing a lot of inter-service latency and
             | complexity. Misaligned incentives.
             | 
             | The major exception for us is S3, scaling storage seems
             | like it would suck terribly.
        
               | FpUser wrote:
               | >...is subtly encouraged and reinforced by the myriad
               | companies that stand to benefit..."
               | 
               | Not just companies. Web developers love the complexity of
               | their stack. Some monolith written in native performant
               | language and put on a decent hardware can cover needs of
               | the most reasonable size business. This simple fact makes
               | them very uncomfy when presented. Many of them would not
               | be even aware that such things are possible. They'd
               | rather be spoon fed by the likes of the Amazon telling
               | them how to develop their wares. The fact that the more
               | inefficient their software is the more money said Amazon
               | will make is ignored. They'd invent all kinds of largely
               | BS arguments to avoid going a simpler route. One can just
               | read numerous articles on HN describing "our stack". On a
               | client site they have this React atrocity. Sure this
               | thing works well for orgs the size of FB. But they're not
               | FB and never will be.
        
               | kazen44 wrote:
               | this happens lower down the stack too.
               | 
               | Distributed redundancy is a good example. There are very,
               | very few situation in which this couldn't be resolved
               | with a simple BGP daemon on a server and anycast.
        
           | qchris wrote:
           | I believe this has been stated to be the core thesis behind
           | Oxide Computer Company's business model.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | pdimitar wrote:
           | Currently I work in a company that's very cost-conscious
           | about hosting. They are generous in salaries but are
           | mercilessly practical about IT costs and the abilities of
           | computers -- especially the latter part is something that
           | most of the programmers today have almost completely forgot.
           | 
           | I have 3 spare laptops lying around; weakest of them is with
           | a Celeron J4155 and I have put a web app with no caching on
           | it (it does have a persistent DB) and hammered it with my
           | workstation until it finally started giving up at ~2500 req/s
           | (Elixir/Phoenix stack). Again, that's a Celeron J4155 with a
           | SATA III SSD in an M.2 factor (so disk speed caps at 550MB/s
           | at best; usually 400-460) and 12GB RAM. Most programmers
           | wouldn't touch such a machine.
           | 
           | I imagine I can buy 2 more of these laptops and make a
           | completely replicated 3-cluster of the entire stack of our
           | company and the slowest requests (on admin UI where we have a
           | lot of SQL JOINs) would likely never go above 200ms. That
           | totals at about 600 EUR (yep, I bought the laptop second-hand
           | for 200 EUR). Then 500 more EUR for a good UPS to plug the
           | laptops and my routers to. Boom 1100 EUR and several weekends
           | later I can likely charge my own employer for hosting at 100
           | EUR a month for their _entire_ infrastructure and I would
           | likely still be ripping them off even with that.
           | 
           | The only real cost is human time and energy invested in
           | making it work. But for most companies that's not a 24/7
           | fight so that cost is fairly low. You can do it twice a year
           | and you're likely never going to have problems.
           | 
           | So yep, I am completely with you here (if my rant didn't make
           | it obvious). Infrastructure costs are already being heavily
           | optimized by companies out there.
        
             | lotsofpulp wrote:
             | > The only real cost is human time and energy invested in
             | making it work. But for most companies that's not a 24/7
             | fight so that cost is fairly low. You can do it twice a
             | year and you're likely never going to have problems.
             | 
             | If this were true, what made the cloud providers popular in
             | the first place?
        
               | pdimitar wrote:
               | Outsourcing culture. Nobody wants to nurture talent --
               | that would also mean to invest in relations with your
               | employees and not alienating them. Shareholders prefer to
               | sacrifice a little more of their profit so they deal with
               | less potential problems. And the pull of the idea that
               | every human in the org must be an inter-changeable cog is
               | too strong (even if that idea continues to be absurd, and
               | always was).
               | 
               | Hosting apps in the cloud was a fair exchange 10 years
               | ago because operational tooling in general was more
               | immature. Nowadays it's much easier to self-host many
               | pieces of software though.
        
               | colechristensen wrote:
               | This isn't it, you might not know or if you haven't been
               | in an environment like it.
               | 
               | Without a cloud you're always running up against limits,
               | out of power, out out cooling, out of rack space, out of
               | hardware. You get new resources by adding to wish lists
               | and seeing if the end of quarter budget will agree with
               | your request which might be filled in a few months, maybe
               | next year, often never.
               | 
               | You hoard hardware that ends up doing nothing most of the
               | time so you have it when you do need it. Management
               | spends a lot of time and energy managing the datacenter
               | budget.
               | 
               | With cloud you get what you want without asking too much
               | and management periodically spearheads savings efforts to
               | show off, but ultimately usually spends a lot more than
               | they would have otherwise with less friction.
               | 
               | A big part of cloud adoption, according to my theory, is
               | getting executives out of the way of computing resource
               | needs and freeing up their time to fill with something
               | else like bothering employees for more status updates
               | (which are easier and require less skill).
        
               | sangnoir wrote:
               | > Without a cloud you're always running up against
               | limits, out of power, out out cooling, out of rack space,
               | out of hardware.
               | 
               | I bet most customers of cloud services are not in a high-
               | growth phase, so this is scenario most organizations
               | aspire to ("What if we suddenly got popular?" is a
               | fantasy that's hard to disabuse someone of internally, if
               | you want to be known as a team player
               | 
               | > Management spends a lot of time and energy managing the
               | datacenter budget. With cloud you get what you want
               | without asking too much...
               | 
               | I fully agree, this is the core reason why most companies
               | gravitate towards cloud: management abdicates control of
               | costs to engineers, resulting in less friction - but its
               | OpEx, not CapEx, so the bean counters are chilled about
               | it. If the same low-friction approach were applied to DC
               | equipment, you'd get similar results, but cheaper.
        
               | oceanplexian wrote:
               | > Without a cloud you're always running up against
               | limits, out of power, out out cooling, out of rack space,
               | out of hardware.
               | 
               | I grew up in this era and keep hearing this repeated but
               | it simply wasn't true. Enterprises would plan ahead and
               | buy enough hardware for years and it would work fine
               | until you bought more. The myth that you need to scale
               | your infrastructure 10x in a day doesn't apply to 99% of
               | enterprises, and even if it did it's probably a result of
               | bad planning on the part of leadership. As a result of
               | the current paradigm businesses end up renting servers at
               | a substantial markup for fairly obsolete hardware.
        
               | zrm wrote:
               | In general it's really the opposite. In 2004 you needed a
               | rack full of $3000 servers to run your medium business.
               | Now it's two physical machines using 5% of the power to
               | virtualize everything that used to run on two dozen.
               | 
               | Over a given period of time, computers get faster/cheaper
               | by more than most businesses expand. When you need to
               | expand, buying a newer, faster machine may cause you to
               | _save_ money because the faster machine uses less power
               | than the existing one.
        
               | pdimitar wrote:
               | You are talking big businesses here, I've seen people
               | just ask the CEO if they can buy 3 brand new servers and
               | him agreeing, verbally, and the servers arrived next
               | week, and two weeks later were completely setup and were
               | useful.
               | 
               | This lasted for 11 years and only stopped because two of
               | the 5 senior engineers retired and because the company
               | was bought a few weeks earlier.
               | 
               | So again, don't look at this through Silicon Valley lens.
               | Most of the companies in the world have a very different
               | mold compared to SV.
        
               | heisenbit wrote:
               | Then there are service contracts to make surr the systems
               | keeps running with little downtime. Which may be
               | impossible to get for 11 year old equipment. Then there
               | are pesky details like needing a disaster recovery site.
               | 
               | Professional hardware is expensive and server h/w is a
               | small part of it.
        
               | hallway_monitor wrote:
               | I used to be a big proponent of self-hosting. The raw
               | hardware cost makes it look like a great deal. However in
               | my experience hardware is less than 5% of salary cost and
               | having enough admins on hand to make your infra reliable
               | is usually going to end up costing you more in the end.
        
               | ipaddr wrote:
               | Don't some of those salary costs transfer over to the
               | cloud. Someone still has to manage it
        
               | Jensson wrote:
               | You need a lot less people per computer when you have
               | millions of computers like big tech has than when you
               | have 10.
               | 
               | The cost of these services is not because big tech has to
               | use that much to run them, but because big tech would
               | make less money if they lowered prices. AWS generates
               | tons of profits, why lower that for no reason?
        
               | zrm wrote:
               | > You need a lot less people per computer when you have
               | millions of computers like big tech has than when you
               | have 10.
               | 
               | That's not the people we're talking about. Racking a
               | server and setting it up to do virtualization takes maybe
               | a few hours for one person, if that, over a period of
               | years. Maintenance on the host itself is the same.
               | 
               | The real labor cost is in setting up and maintaining
               | applications for your specific needs. None of that goes
               | away by using someone else's hardware.
        
               | Jensson wrote:
               | > The real labor cost is in setting up and maintaining
               | applications for your specific needs. None of that goes
               | away by using someone else's hardware.
               | 
               | But AWS does a lot of that for you by offering cloud
               | services and not just hardware. That is why people pay so
               | much more for AWS than other just hosting solutions.
        
               | zrm wrote:
               | That doesn't explain why their pricing for generic VMs or
               | bandwidth is so high, or why anybody should want to pay
               | them for that.
               | 
               | It also doesn't really work. Some textile company is
               | going to have some line of business software to run their
               | textile mill. Amazon doesn't provide that. You still have
               | to do labor to configure it. These are the hard things,
               | because they're custom and don't have a huge installed
               | base of people who already encountered and solved all the
               | problems you're going to have. But for the same reason,
               | they're the things AWS doesn't provide.
               | 
               | What they provide is common things like DNS. But DNS is
               | easy to set up and maintain, because it's common, and so
               | already has smooth edges. That's not where the labor was
               | going.
        
               | AzzieElbab wrote:
               | What about scaling down? Once you bought hardware for
               | self hosting you are stuck with it.
        
               | pdimitar wrote:
               | What about it? We're talking small businesses here, this
               | will not be a warehouse full of racks worth of machines
               | to try and sell. We're likely talking 3 to 10 PC-sized
               | machines in a closet or storage room. You can sell those
               | on 2nd hand market pretty quickly and even if you sell
               | them at 30-40% loss you are extremely likely to have
               | already paid off the other 60-70% during the machines'
               | service time.
        
               | AzzieElbab wrote:
               | old laptop is fine then :)
        
               | naasking wrote:
               | The costs the OP described are pretty minimal.
        
               | JBlue42 wrote:
               | You never know. While working in an ITAM role, I've had a
               | manager point out a line item asking why we need 30
               | DisplayPort cables. This was in an org with multiple
               | sites, 2000+ employees, using dual monitor setups both in
               | house and remote. Whether physically, or in the cloud,
               | companies whose primary business isn't tech-related see
               | the IT side as an annoying cost center rather than a cost
               | of doing business in the 21st century.
        
               | lotsofpulp wrote:
               | Interesting. I am not intimately familiar with the
               | subject matter, so I will be curious then to see how the
               | next 10 years play out.
        
               | kazen44 wrote:
               | > Outsourcing culture. Nobody wants to nurture talent.
               | 
               | Also, outsourcing moves the blame to someone else if
               | things go wrong. (and things in infra go wrong nearly
               | constantly).
               | 
               | The problem with this kind of thinking is ofcourse, that
               | there is no risk taking and innovation in suchs an
               | organisation..
        
               | Lamad123 wrote:
               | This selfish outsourcing culture is killing all the
               | Gilfoyles out there!
        
               | nthj wrote:
               | AWS lets me provision servers all over the world at any
               | point, which is required by customers both for compliance
               | and for latency SLAs. Even billion dollar companies are
               | going to find that a huge lift to build out themselves,
               | and they have opportunity cost while they try to do it.
        
               | BbzzbB wrote:
               | I'm curious as a hosting and cloud noob, do you have an
               | estimate how much that would cost monthly or yearly if
               | hosted on a cloud?
        
               | pdimitar wrote:
               | Not really, because AWS costs aren't transparent. You
               | can't drill down properly and even where you can, the
               | prices are disappointingly high.
               | 
               | It gets _really_ tempting to setup a backup /failover
               | node on one of my spare laptops lately...
        
               | mindslight wrote:
               | Infinite scale up (direct fan-out to mass market), high
               | margins (able to overpay for commodities), and
               | outsourcing production work to stable businesses are all
               | facets of the Hollywood business model that Surveillance
               | Valley adopted. Once the concept was socially proven,
               | then nobody gets fired for buying IBM.
        
               | rossmohax wrote:
               | Beancounters love OPEX and avoid CAPEX
        
               | abecode wrote:
               | Curious, can you explain why? In my experience (just one
               | company where I had some interaction with accounting),
               | there was a preference toward CAPEX. The costs of
               | building a product, ie software development, was prefered
               | over OPEX, in this case, analytics. Since I was doing
               | both development and analytics, they preferred me to
               | account part of my time as CAPEX. Not sure if this is
               | normal but for context it was a non/pre-public company.
        
               | xunn0026 wrote:
               | OPEX is just an expense in the current fiscal year. CAPEX
               | depreciates over N years. This alone means that a one-
               | time payment is much simpler on the books.
               | 
               | I don't think your salary counts as CAPEX, it's a normal
               | monthly expense for the company.
        
               | kazen44 wrote:
               | beancounters are not in charge of the direction of the
               | company. In a lot of cases, it makes a ton of sense to go
               | for capex vs opex.
               | 
               | My old employer had a strategy which basically boiled
               | down to owning everything inside this company expect for
               | the coffee machines and cleaning crew. His reason being?
               | This made it possible to run on very thight margins when
               | the economy takes a downturn without having to scramble
               | for money because of leased/loaned equipment etc.
               | 
               | In the 2008 crisis, this is how he stayed afloat with his
               | company, and even made a pretty profit during a time of
               | crisis too.
        
               | lotsofpulp wrote:
               | Surely the beancounters can also see the effects of capex
               | on the valuations of the cloud providers.
        
               | ethbr0 wrote:
               | If they're publicly traded, no one's going to give Bob's
               | Consolidated Widgets a 65x PE or 2x+ PEG ratio, even if
               | they have the best IT strategy in their market.
        
               | nicoburns wrote:
               | That human time happens to be quite expensive.
        
               | pdimitar wrote:
               | Not in small companies.
        
               | rcpt wrote:
               | What if the cheap guy quits?
        
               | pdimitar wrote:
               | I'm aware of the risks. That's why I said a culture of
               | long-term relationships must be fostered if you want to
               | pull such operations off.
               | 
               | Where I work right now people don't just quit two days
               | later. They like the company and if they feel they want
               | to go someplace else they're not being difficult about
               | it. They cooperate in passing down their knowledge to
               | colleagues before they go.
        
               | ghaff wrote:
               | It's _most_ of the cost at small companies. A lot of
               | people underestimate the total cost of having employees
               | perform tasks at unpredictable scale with unpredictable
               | problems versus just writing a check each month.
               | 
               | It's true that cloud providers aren't reliably cheaper as
               | some assumed at one point. But there's something to be
               | said for cutting out the fully burdened costs of some
               | number of employees (especially given everyone is saying
               | tech talent is expensive and scarce at the moment) and
               | just letting AWS deal with it even if you could
               | theoretically do it cheaper yourself.
        
               | 13of40 wrote:
               | Not only that, but if you have a business that actually
               | makes, sells, and ships something, your AWS bill is
               | probably a tiny fraction of your expenses. Switching to
               | physical servers would be a little like getting solar
               | installed on your house - great in theory, but if the
               | most expense it will displace is $150/month, is it the
               | right problem to focus on?
        
               | nicoburns wrote:
               | True. Although I'd argue most companies are small enough
               | that AWS itself represents more overhead than is optimal.
               | They'd be better of on Heroku, or even just a single VM.
        
               | ghaff wrote:
               | Certainly you can overcomplicate things with any of the
               | big public cloud providers. As you say, many smaller
               | companies would be better off with a SaaS, maybe a PaaS,
               | and some VPSs, whether from one of the big guys or
               | someone else.
               | 
               | I had to laugh at someone's comment around re:Invent last
               | week that just because Amazon has to offer 17 types of
               | databases for its customers (or whatever the exact quote
               | was) doesn't mean you have to collect them all as if they
               | were Pokemon.
        
               | Nextgrid wrote:
               | Keep in mind that most big clients of cloud providers are
               | startups running on VC money. It's not their money and
               | they don't care about wasting it, and VCs don't
               | particularly care either.
               | 
               | This has now created an entire ecosystem of developers
               | and "devops engineers" (what we used to call sysadmins)
               | who know little beyond the cloud and have to keep using
               | it for career-related reasons. This in turn pushes
               | companies to use the cloud as finding talent for old-
               | school on-premises infrastructure is difficult.
        
             | xanaxagoras wrote:
             | I like where you're going with this but you could take it a
             | lot further with little expense. Amazon and MicroCenter
             | have a huge stock of refurbished HP mini PCs with i5s, 16gb
             | of ram and an M2 slot for about $350. Throw in a small m2
             | ssd in each (~$50) and keep your UPS, that's about $1700
             | you have a decent cluster for an efficient stack like
             | phoenix.
        
             | _alex_ wrote:
             | that works as long as there are enough of you for every
             | team/app/service/whatever to build and operate all that
             | around the clock and without bus risk.
             | 
             | A lot of these threads end up talking about "scaling" from
             | a pure hardware perspective. Once you start talking about
             | medium-to-large companies, the real scaling headache is
             | people, process, and organizations.
        
               | pdimitar wrote:
               | Not sure if I made myself clear but I definitely meant my
               | above as aimed at small businesses (which my current
               | employer is).
               | 
               | Obviously from one scale and on the cloud is very much
               | worth it. IMO the discussion has to be shifted to "before
               | which point you can easily get away without the cloud?".
        
               | makapuf wrote:
               | At some point, an internal cloud starts being interesting
               | and gives a clear org boundary, using cloud-based
               | software and interfaces.
        
               | pdimitar wrote:
               | That's true as well. It all depends on how much is the
               | employer willing to invest in their employees in the end;
               | if they foster longer-lasting relationships then many
               | interesting internal projects become feasible or even
               | desirable.
        
               | ghaff wrote:
               | Those invested-in employees will probably still leave,
               | especially if they're very good and you can't match big
               | tech salaries. And, in any case, you need redundancies
               | for when they're on vacation, out sick, etc. Not to say
               | you shouldn't develop in house competencies but you
               | should do so deliberately because there are probably a
               | lot more costs and risks than are obvious.
        
               | pdimitar wrote:
               | We're not blind to the tradeoffs. It's a long process to
               | both change culture and nurture the necessary skills in
               | your staff, AND take care of having human redundancy.
               | 
               | My point never was to idolize on-prem; I have agreed in
               | other comments that from one point and on the cloud
               | absolutely wins.
               | 
               | I'm mostly pointing out that there is a lot you can do
               | before bowing your head to Amazon and accept $30_000+
               | monthly bill for infrastructure that I can fit in my 1
               | square meter food closet and which would likely cost me
               | (or a few other experienced backenders) 2-3 weekends to
               | setup.
        
               | ghaff wrote:
               | Absolutely. I'm definitely not in the "You're crazy if
               | you don't just use AWS/GCP/Azure" camp. I'm just also not
               | in the "See how cheap it is to just stick a system under
               | my desk" camp. Totally dependent on use case and
               | circumstances.
        
               | pdimitar wrote:
               | True. It's not a religion or a credo. We're simply
               | evaluating our options because our cloud bill is way too
               | high for what we do.
               | 
               | Time will tell but IMO it's super important to reserve
               | the right to take a deeper look if you don't like your
               | costs.
               | 
               | We're not as helpless as big tech wants us to believe.
        
               | ghaff wrote:
               | And figuring out those costs can be really hard. People
               | like Corey Quinn have built a whole business out of
               | helping people make sense of their AWS bills.
        
               | pdimitar wrote:
               | Yep, but it's all self-interest. At one point you ask
               | yourself: must I really go down this rabbit hole?
        
             | GabeIsko wrote:
             | You are vastly overestimating the IT capabilities of most
             | companies. The human time and energy cost that you
             | handwaved away is a real killer because that is expert
             | knowledge capability that is highly valued by the market.
             | Maintaining an IT staff and infrastructure to support a
             | large organization that has to perform any kind of
             | reasonable SLA for services eventually puts you in direct
             | competition with Major Cloud Providers at scale. A scenario
             | where you can outcompete them with their large customer
             | bases becomes very difficult to imagine under current
             | technological and market conditions.
             | 
             | It's not a matter of outsourcing culture. Cloud providers
             | really do provide computing in a cost efficient matter
             | since they practically provide IT infrastructure at
             | wholesale, and it produces an anti-trust risk because, as
             | you pointed out, the actual hardware that can make it go is
             | not nearly as expensive.
        
               | pdimitar wrote:
               | I am not handwaving anything away. We're a company that
               | has less but very strong programmers (we don't even have
               | DevOps / sysadmins, our CTO is doing it and I'll likely
               | be taking part of his responsibilities at one point).
               | 
               | And we don't have the requirements of most big Silicon
               | Valley companies that you reference. It boggles my mind
               | why so many commenters IMMEDIATELY assumed we're a hyper-
               | growth startup or whatever. We're an expanding data
               | provider and our growth is super predictable, and our set
               | of requirements changes like once a year.
               | 
               | So really, not sure why you and others keep repeating
               | things I already agree with. The cloud wins from one
               | point / scale and on, absolutely; otherwise it wouldn't
               | ever take off. I am saying that people give up way too
               | quickly and run to the cloud long before they need it --
               | that's all.
        
               | dash2 wrote:
               | But you yourself admit that you have an unusual setup
               | with a few very strong programmers. Few are like this
               | even in Silicon Valley. As for other industries, they're
               | not even close. So your company's setup won't transfer
               | well to the rest of the world.
        
               | pdimitar wrote:
               | I would not be so sure of your last. The SV mold is the
               | outlier but most USA programmers can't see it because
               | they don't work for non-US companies. Everywhere I was
               | all around the EU in my 20 years of career so far, the SV
               | way of doing things has not been the norm.
               | 
               | So it pays off to be wary of filter bubbles. The SV way
               | of doing things assumes a ton of VC money to burn,
               | something that, to this day, is still not a wide trend in
               | the EU (even if it happens here and there).
               | 
               | Plus that company's setup is not unusual in any way per
               | se; the only "unusual" thing is "we don't run to the
               | cloud at the first IT problem". A ton of other companies
               | are like this, I'd bet even in the US.
        
             | pawelmurias wrote:
             | How much money would your company save by hosting on some
             | old laptops instead of in the cloud?
        
               | pdimitar wrote:
               | 5 digits of USD per month. Whereas normal on-prem hosting
               | can be started with almost no dollar cost, tomorrow.
               | 
               | Right now they/we can't do it though, the talent is there
               | but that talent is super busy reworking software that's
               | no longer well-adapted to their new requirements. We'll
               | see if the topic becomes more relevant in the future.
        
               | thow-58d4e8b wrote:
               | Not to forget - there are more choices than big-cloud and
               | host-everything-yourself.
               | 
               | One can rent VMs from Hetzner at 1/3 the price of AWS
               | (and 1/10 the data transfer fees). No managed services,
               | like Dynamo or S3, but will full convenience of on-demand
               | scale-up
               | 
               | Or, for mid-sized corporations - buying a rack of
               | computers, wiring them together, and installing OpenStack
               | to make an internal cloud - that isn't some black magic
               | wizardry either
        
               | pdimitar wrote:
               | Oh yeah, completely agreed. As mentioned in another
               | comment we might just go Hetzner and buy a singular
               | server in another provider for backup and failover. We'd
               | likely be just fine with 6-7 of the smaller Hetzner
               | servers, too.
        
             | capitalsigma wrote:
             | What happens when your local internet connection goes out
             | and you can no longer serve traffic for your business? What
             | if there is a power outage? Who will spend the time
             | replacing disks as they fail? Where is the data backed up
             | to, so that a failed disk doesn't lose business data?
        
         | zcw100 wrote:
         | It's like saying, "Oh no they're _talking_ about breaking up Ma
         | Bell. Telecommunications is over. " Sure Bell got broken up but
         | the industry as a whole ballooned.
        
         | varelse wrote:
         | So apparently the US government is very responsive to the
         | concerns of anti-competitive behavior when it's between one
         | corporation versus another.
         | 
         | But they seem particularly apathetic to the privacy
         | considerations, robocalls and all things telemarketing, junk
         | mail, insane product placement, and the blatant manipulation of
         | our dopamine system by such corporations.
         | 
         | Does that sound like something that's going to end the big tech
         | era or just keep driving it further?
        
         | becuz99h wrote:
         | It's on a path to contraction due to the environment.
         | 
         | Cashier-less grocery stores are to get people used to not
         | dealing with the traditional finance system, which is
         | environmentally toxic.
         | 
         | ML generated multimedia is coming to implode commercial sales.
         | 
         | A 3D printed home community is being built in the EU soon.
         | 
         | 3D printed metal, wood, and synthetic material parts machines
         | are being installed in UPS hub warehouses to distribute parts
         | on demand.
         | 
         | Industrialization must be scaled back for environmental
         | stability.
         | 
         | Once commercial jobs of little real utility are gone, and
         | people are used to coming and going without paying, why money?
         | 
         | Sorry/not sorry but one nerd on HN does not get to hold their
         | social avoidance strategy up as a reason the species should
         | stick to species endangering over consumption. Big tech isn't
         | going away. Personal computing as we know it is.
         | 
         | The systems I mentioned are being deployed now. You're the
         | past. The future is the 20-something's building the startups I
         | mentioned.
         | 
         | They're onto more interesting tech than Rpis and phone apps.
         | 
         | Formal language is only 5,000 years old. We know of entropy
         | generally now. The words and whines mean nothing.
         | 
         | The end of our society is coming due to our coming death.
         | That's how it goes.
        
         | yyyk wrote:
         | >I am actually afraid for small tech now. And that one day me
         | using a PiHole might get criminalized. Or a rootless VPN used
         | for blocking invasive traffic on an Android phone might become
         | a reason for some lobbyists to pressure my ISP into stopping my
         | internet access.
         | 
         | Big tech is unlikely to attack that way. It's far better for
         | big tech to stop these things via new technology, rather than
         | try a political process which will require expensive brib^W
         | lobbying and is subject to backlash. Big tech have a far bigger
         | advantage on the tech front than the political front.
         | 
         | PiHole could be trivially sidestepped by hardcoding the DNS
         | server and then encrypting DNS in the name of security (Didn't
         | some Androids have Google hardcoded?). Android/iOS could allow
         | some apps to ignore VPNs (this already happened with some Apple
         | software).
        
           | darepublic wrote:
           | I think big tech will attack that way once they start to feel
           | threatened enough by competing innovation, or they can't hang
           | on to their advantage through softer means
        
             | dasil003 wrote:
             | Right now big tech just acquire all threats. If anti-trust
             | starts to get more teeth, and shifts towards regulating
             | scale and power more directly with less focus on ham-
             | handedly trying to regulate specific outcomes based on
             | political fashion or poor analysis of feasibility or
             | second-order effects then we will likely see the lawyers
             | come out in force. Which is okay if we can find the right
             | political leader, because the facts on the ground for small
             | business is hanging right there for a savvy leader to craft
             | a killer narrative. The problem is democrats have
             | completely lost the thread on what benefits real people,
             | and the republicans are still hungover from an era where
             | facts were meaningless so they really have no platform or
             | principles at all anymore. I do have hope that a grassroots
             | leader can emerge though.
        
           | pdimitar wrote:
           | IMO they attack on all fronts, the one both me and you
           | mentioned included.
           | 
           | Gmail is pretty much a standard right now (even if there's no
           | public technical standard involved; only Google's apps can
           | communicate with Gmail). That's monopoly dressed as "new
           | technology".
           | 
           | In the meantime the pressure in the EU is mounting between
           | the both camps of the encrypted messaging ecosystem.
           | 
           | So yeah, both things are happening in parallel.
           | 
           | > _PiHole could be trivially sidestepped by hardcoding the
           | DNS server and then encrypting DNS in the name of security
           | (Didn 't some Androids have Google hardcoded?). Android/iOS
           | could allow some apps to ignore VPNs (this already happened
           | with some Apple software)._
           | 
           | Yeah, you're sadly correct. I dread the day when this will
           | start becoming the norm. But it's also true that many common
           | citizens can stop using service X or Y and it would cost them
           | nearly nothing (with some prominent exceptions like Gmail or
           | Whatsapp).
        
             | [deleted]
        
         | jcun4128 wrote:
         | > PiHole might get criminalized
         | 
         | That would suck, I hate ads but also just like split up
         | subscription shows, not sure if I'm willing to pay for that
         | either. There's so many I am currently subscribed to 3
         | different shows and maybe watch 1% of their content. I wanted
         | to watch a movie and I would have had to get Paramount Plus
         | like wtf... at least a lot of things show up on YT where I can
         | rent it there.
         | 
         | My response is primarily about YT and mobile phone usage (where
         | I don't have a browser extension adblocker). On mobile I don't
         | open websites, just scan the suggested articles.
        
         | lowwave wrote:
         | >Hell no it's not ending, why would you even think that?
         | Because a few governments only started cautiously talking about
         | breaking apart giants? So what? As if corporate lawyers don't
         | find holes in any new regulation literally the same week.
         | Governments take years to formulate a legislation, and your
         | average corporate legal team defeats it in days.
         | 
         | In some way wish it is ending. As human society, we don't need
         | any more mega big company. Everything ought to kept local and
         | small and diverse, so there is no central control, it is only
         | resilient way to thrive for tech and innovation.
        
           | pdimitar wrote:
           | I wish that too, believe me, but the interests of the corps
           | is to pull us towards a cyberpunk future when they can stop
           | your (artificial and cloud-connected) liver from working if
           | you post something vaguely anti-establishment somewhere. They
           | have been very trigger happy lately.
        
             | snek_case wrote:
             | This is why we need to protect free speech.
             | 
             | IMO the far left challenging free speech is a bit of a
             | trojan horse. Yes, you can use censorship to suppress
             | distasteful ideas, but it's also obvious that if you give
             | corporations the power to censor whatever they want, they
             | will also use it to censor anything you say to criticize
             | them. Look at what the Chinese government is doing, they
             | can basically erase anything that makes China look bad from
             | the internet in less than 30 minutes. Is that what we want
             | here too?
             | 
             | Free speech is not a "far right" idea. It's the basis of
             | democracy.
        
               | clairity wrote:
               | it's a truism that free speech undergirds democracy, but
               | you get to it via a false dichotomy (left vs right)
               | handed down to us by surrogates of power (political
               | scientists, in this case) to distract and divide the
               | populace. the only useful (but not wholly accurate)
               | dichotomy regarding political economies is the one
               | between the powerful and the powerless. this is the
               | timeless and unending conflict, not left-right, liberal-
               | conservative, or any of that other bullshit. free speech
               | is one tool of the powerless populace to keep the
               | powerful in check.
        
               | 0KnowledgeGoof wrote:
               | Absolutely agree. There are powerful politicians
               | promising all sort of ideologies. There are weak
               | politicians promising all sorts of ideologies.
               | 
               | In the end the powerful remain powerful, and the weak
               | remain weak. IMO much of democracy is a smokescreen. With
               | apologies to Marx, the opiate of the masses is democracy.
        
               | pdimitar wrote:
               | Turning important society-wide (and hell, world-wide
               | even) problems into yet another "us vs. them" diatribe
               | seriously does not help anyone and it's just a
               | distraction.
               | 
               | I don't care if I group up with "lefties" or "righties"
               | to make important societal changes happen. If they are on
               | board with the vision, let them believe in Santa if they
               | need that to sleep better.
        
           | Mountain_Skies wrote:
           | But what if one of those local, small, and diverse
           | communities doesn't conform to the globally approved
           | ideology? Diversity in modern culture means physical window
           | dressing. True diversity of communities might lead to people
           | with no-no values living with others with the same no-no
           | values. How can that be allowed?
        
           | cute_boi wrote:
           | Hmm, Many corps, government, humans etc. aim to become bigger
           | and global. So, there is no easy way to keep them local,
           | small and diverse. And once they grow big most of them turns
           | blind eye on small local companies just like how amazon is
           | doing now.
           | 
           | This is a problem that will prevail forever and can't be
           | solved easily. We can experience today too in china the
           | government do crackdown but most of us hate it right? If they
           | don't regulate they grow beyond party.
           | 
           | (Taking example of china because I don't know other country
           | which does crackdown on big giants like this)
        
             | Retric wrote:
             | You can largely achieve this by barring companies from
             | managing or owning even pieces of other companies directly
             | or indirectly and taxing based on number of employees. Add
             | a scaling tax on assets including IP and it becomes very
             | hard to have Walmart sized mega corporations.
             | 
             | It's a more interesting question to ask if this would be
             | more economically efficient.
        
               | clairity wrote:
               | > "It's a more interesting question to ask if this would
               | be more economically efficient."
               | 
               | it's almost self-evident that it would be more efficient.
               | the more interesting questions are how and why. fair and
               | efficient markets at steady-state would largely be
               | composed of a few medium-sized companies and a bunch of
               | small companies, with new entrants occasionally. that
               | would enable healthy competition that would drive
               | progress while keeping chaotic upheavals mostly at bay.
               | it would also distribute wealth more widely, which means
               | we'd get more diverse ingenuity and more interesting
               | entrepreneurship, rather than having the capable simply
               | stowing away at large companies taking their safe and
               | boring little toll on the income river.
        
               | Retric wrote:
               | I don't think it's clear because economies of scale do
               | exist. Honda can simply spend more on R&D than a company
               | 1/10th it's size. Large companies definitely have their
               | own issues, but there isn't some clear maximum size where
               | companies universally become less efficient at say 1,000
               | employees. It's more a question of management overhead
               | and flexibility etc.
        
               | clairity wrote:
               | economies of scale taper off because other effects (like
               | coordination problems) tend to overwhelm it with scale.
               | also, capital becomes less efficient at scale due to
               | opportunity costs and the innovator's dilemma, for
               | instance. there are many more reasons why economies of
               | scale aren't the be all and end all of market economics.
        
               | Retric wrote:
               | I agree, my point was it depends on industry. You can't
               | build a modern Fab for a 100 million it simply takes
               | billions to be competitive. Further, you need a pipeline
               | of Fab's to afford the R&D etc. At the other end a
               | McDonalds franchise can be as profitable as their
               | corporate restaurants.
        
               | clairity wrote:
               | there's no intrinsic reason a capital-intensive industry
               | can only be winner-take-all. capital-intensiveness is
               | primarily a finance issue, and assuming capital finance
               | has been corralled into being a competitive market, it
               | isn't a particularly insurmountable problem. tokyo public
               | transportation is an example of a capital-intensive
               | market that still has competitive dynamics.
        
               | zo1 wrote:
               | I'd like to just see them distribute their actual profits
               | instead of being allowed to "hoard" it. That would also
               | go a long way in fixing the stock markets supposed
               | "growth by any means" criticism. I'd argue that the
               | hoarded profits are one of the main drivers of all these
               | acquisitions that reduce competition and lead to
               | consolidation.
        
             | Ginden wrote:
             | > So, there is no easy way to keep them local, small and
             | diverse
             | 
             | I was lately thinking about some kind legislative action
             | against network effects. Let's make it easy to migrate to
             | other platforms.
             | 
             | Obvious way to do this is to require big companies to
             | implement "data export" feature with specification.
        
               | Sebb767 wrote:
               | The GDPR pretty much requires that already. You need to
               | be able to export your data and another service must be
               | able to parse them automatically, if reasonably possible.
        
               | jandrewrogers wrote:
               | This has limited utility in practice because the data
               | models reflect the underlying implementation and
               | architectural details, particularly in the kinds of
               | scalable systems big companies have. Specific tradeoffs
               | are made in data models that reflect the tools available
               | to the designer that might not apply to your environment.
               | Moving data models between two systems that were not
               | designed together can create a several order of magnitude
               | difference in performance, cost, etc in using that data
               | model.
               | 
               | It is a common problem for data model migration, even
               | outside the context of the big tech companies. I've had
               | cases where the systems were effectively not replicable
               | even though the data was made available because the
               | source system relied on some bespoke piece of data
               | infrastructure software that no one else was likely to
               | replicate. (Even hypothetically open sourcing this
               | infrastructure isn't that helpful because it is usually
               | extremely specific to the operational environment for
               | which it was designed -- you can't drop it into your
               | operational environment.)
               | 
               | All of which adds so much asymmetric friction and cost,
               | which the source provider does not incur, that merely
               | making data models exportable tends to generate limited
               | user value in data models that inherently encode network
               | effects.
        
             | nicoburns wrote:
             | Not easily, I agree, but it could be done. For example,
             | there could be higher taxation rates for larger companies.
        
               | ixnus wrote:
               | I wonder how this would work, considering higher tax
               | rates hurt the profitability of a company.
        
               | 0KnowledgeGoof wrote:
               | Sure, but do we want to optimize for creating trillion-
               | dollar companies? They can hardly even find ways to spend
               | their fortunes; we could tax quite a bit from them before
               | anyone except accountants notices. And that money could
               | be used for social good.
        
               | adventured wrote:
               | The interesting thing about big tech in that regard, is a
               | 50% income tax rate wouldn't be enough to stop them.
               | 
               | Big tech piles up large amounts of cash as it is and they
               | have no idea what to do with it (other than shovel it
               | back to shareholders). They have far beyond the margins
               | they need to keep expanding, even with a 50% income tax.
               | So the first thing it would do is cut into shareholder
               | returns (less cash), their multiples would contract as
               | investors would find them less appealing. Half of America
               | is invested in big tech (in one form or another), and
               | those are by far the most active voters. If they see
               | their portfolios tank due to a huge hike in corporate
               | income taxes, they'll promptly punish the politician/s
               | that are responsible for it. Big tech would keep growing
               | at 50%, so what's the alternative? 70%-80%? It's unlikely
               | to ever have the support required to get it passed, it
               | just plain sounds very egregious as a policy. At very
               | high levels it comes across as: we like to punish
               | success; and that's how it would be run against
               | politically by the other side (Republicans).
        
               | mgaunard wrote:
               | 50% income tax is the standard upper echelon tax rate for
               | individuals in the developed world.
        
               | oauea wrote:
               | It's always interesting how people view taxation as
               | punishment, as if the money just disappears into a black
               | hole instead of being used for bettering the lives of
               | everyone in the country. America could easily fund
               | universal health care, which would be a massive boost to
               | quality of life, if they taxed bigtech a bit more.
               | 
               | Instead you have Americans refusing to go to the doctor
               | because they're afraid of the bill.
        
               | smus wrote:
               | The us government already could fund universal health
               | care and chooses not too. People in the US are wary about
               | taxation because we already have a comparable tax rate to
               | other developed nations, with more prosperity, and yet we
               | get comparatively far fewer public goods in return. It's
               | a raw deal. Where's our high speed rail, our public
               | transit, our health care, our public bathrooms? Why is
               | that money going to Raytheon instead?
        
               | lotsofpulp wrote:
               | Could it?
               | 
               | > https://www.thebalance.com/u-s-federal-budget-
               | breakdown-3305...
               | 
               | Total Revenue is $4T, Total Spending is $6T, and
               | 
               | > Social Security will be the biggest expense, budgeted
               | at $1.196 trillion. It's followed by Medicare at $766
               | billion and Medicaid at $571 billion.
               | 
               | That is $1.35T spent on healthcare just for old people
               | (over 65) and poor people. And it is not even the whole
               | amount, since most 65+ people still have to buy
               | insurance. Even if you cut out the 5% profit margins of
               | managed care organizations, or even 15% assuming their
               | function is wholly unnecessary, it still seems unlikely
               | universal health can be offered without increasing tax
               | revenues.
               | 
               | In 2019, total healthcare spend for all of US was $3.9T.
               | 
               | https://www.cms.gov/files/document/highlights.pdf
        
               | dragonwriter wrote:
               | > That is $1.35T spent on healthcare just for old people
               | (over 65) and poor people.
               | 
               | Aged, blind, disabled, and poor, plus less poor children
               | and pregnant women.
        
               | leetcrew wrote:
               | it's not that weird. no one talks about raising taxes for
               | the people who would see a net benefit from more public
               | services.
        
           | dash2 wrote:
           | Apple sells billions of iPhones, all with the same hardware
           | and OS. As a result it can afford to spend a lot of money on
           | design.
           | 
           | You would not enjoy an iPhone made by your local electrician.
        
             | 0KnowledgeGoof wrote:
             | I agree that there are things that are possible only from a
             | giant organization.
             | 
             | However, IMO both Apple and Microsoft are at best
             | indifferent to their customers. Not fixing bad UIs even
             | when people complain, putting ads in products you paid for,
             | requiring centralized accounts just to install free apps.
             | You've heard it all before.
             | 
             | I wouldn't enjoy an iPhone made by my local electrician,
             | but I want software to respect me. Linux DEs have genuine
             | flaws and yet I truly miss nothing and gain everything when
             | I move from my work Macbook or my gaming Windows partition
             | to my Linux desktop.
             | 
             | I don't think the decision is between a vertically-
             | integrated big-corp device and a vertically-integrated
             | small-corp device. Even just the current iPhone hardware
             | (which is absolutely incredible engineering) with free
             | software would be a big improvement.
        
             | Causality1 wrote:
             | Not local, but small and competitive was nice. Electronics
             | were so much more fun twenty years ago. Nowadays a company
             | is a bold risk-taker if their glass sandwich has an extra
             | button on top.
        
               | dgemm wrote:
               | Consumer stuff sure, but we didn't have today's
               | proliferation of hobbyist platforms back then either. The
               | fun things are still out there, they are just different.
        
             | EB66 wrote:
             | Have you tried the Framework Laptop? It's a great example
             | of how small start-ups can build better devices than the
             | giants. Difficult, yes -- impossible, no.
        
               | dash2 wrote:
               | It's a niche product for hardware hackers. (That's why
               | its sales are so low.)
        
               | pdimitar wrote:
               | It doesn't really matter that it's a niche product. The
               | mere fact that it's out there does show to less tech
               | savvy people what's possible. That's very important
               | because many of them are not even aware things can be
               | done differently.
        
               | EB66 wrote:
               | Whether it's a niche product or not is beside the point.
               | The point is that a small entity can build a device that
               | is arguably better designed, better reviewed, affordable
               | and readily available for purchase.
        
               | dash2 wrote:
               | Me, an economist: if it's better, why does nobody buy it?
        
               | EB66 wrote:
               | People are buying it... so much so that Framework has
               | been struggling to keep up with the demand. All of their
               | early batches sold out well in advance. I placed my order
               | two months ago and it was backordered for a month. Batch
               | 6 (the current batch) is the first batch they've had all
               | year where they haven't been massively backordered.
        
               | dash2 wrote:
               | I'm glad, but Apple ships millions of Macs every quarter.
               | When Framework catch up, then I'll agree they're better
               | and not niche. Of course as a hacker I might prefer
               | Framework, believe it is better, even evangelize it.
               | That's a different use of the word, though.
        
               | umanwizard wrote:
               | The Framework is only better than a MacBook Pro if you
               | care about repairability, customizability, freedom, etc.,
               | which most people don't. It's also worse in many ways --
               | less polished OS UI, worse screen resolution.
        
               | EB66 wrote:
               | > The Framework is only better than a MacBook Pro if you
               | care about repairability, customizability, freedom, etc.
               | 
               | Those are three pretty huge things... For me personally,
               | repairability is secondary to their very convenient
               | modular IO port system.
               | 
               | > Less polished OS UI.
               | 
               | You can have them install Windows without the typical
               | manufacturer bloatware or you can put *nix on it. For me,
               | that's better than macOS.
               | 
               | > worse screen resolution
               | 
               | The resolution on the MacBook Pro 13 and the Framework
               | are nearly the same: 2560 x 1600 vs 2256 x 1504.
        
               | pxc wrote:
               | Imo people overstate how good the macOS UX is. It's fine
               | if you're used to it, but when I started using it for the
               | first time there were lots of little unpleasant surprises
               | and inconsistencies. The way people talk about macOS'
               | design gave me expectations that macOS did not meet.
        
               | dexter89_kp3 wrote:
               | Framework laptop is not possible without the supply chain
               | investments made by large conglomerates.
        
               | pdimitar wrote:
               | Even if that's true, what does it matter and what are you
               | implying? No innovation because the big good corps paved
               | the way before that?
               | 
               | Imagine what would happen if Rome made those big and long
               | roads all across Europe and then nobody used them out of
               | respect of all the labor that went into them. :D
        
               | EB66 wrote:
               | True, but is that relevant? All companies, big and small,
               | depend on all manner of services, materials,
               | infrastructure, etc that are provided by other entities.
        
         | darepublic wrote:
         | Agree that it's small tech in danger
        
       | mojuba wrote:
       | > _The most important ones are that big tech firms got big and
       | stay big, not because of network effects or political power, but
       | because of their rare expertise; and that they cannot keep their
       | advantage in expertise forever._
       | 
       | The tech giants are not only good at whatever they're doing but
       | are also capable of refreshing their expertise every 5 years or
       | so, or even reinventing themselves as necessary. Neither Google
       | nor Facebook are the same companies as they were 15 years ago.
       | 
       | I worry that like some of the major [evil] banks that survived
       | world wars and major crises, the tech giants aren't going away,
       | and neither will it be easy to compete with them.
        
         | thrav wrote:
         | Or, ya know, just buying whatever hot new thing that gets
         | invented and has traction.
        
       | amelius wrote:
       | For BigTech, the era is just beginning. For the small guy, yes,
       | the era is ending.
        
         | atemerev wrote:
         | The point of the article is exactly the opposite.
        
           | amelius wrote:
           | The article is wrong because knowledge won't help you much in
           | a world where you need money, connections and manpower. E.g.
           | even with all the knowledge, a small company cannot run a
           | silicon fab. You are always dependent on Big Corps, who are
           | just starting to figure out how they can become modern age
           | feudal lords.
        
           | beebeepka wrote:
           | Article is selling false/misguided hope
        
       | summerlight wrote:
       | Big techs are relevant primarily because there are no other
       | companies that can 1. execute its business reasonably well 2. at
       | the planetary scale. There are some other factors including anti-
       | competitive business practices but that won't work without its
       | own edge; MS was not able to stop Google and the same thing for
       | Google to FB as well.
       | 
       | I've seen many HN readers claiming they can build a FB clone
       | overnight, but that's not even the tip of iceberg. Serving your
       | service to billions of people across hundreds of different
       | languages, cultures geographical areas with different legal,
       | financial, logistical infrastructures is at the fundamentally
       | different level of complexity than building a toy project. This
       | is not just for big techs, there are literally thousands of
       | uninteresting but extremely profitable businesses simply for this
       | very reason. And big techs owns platform which brings them to
       | another level...
        
         | gusbremm wrote:
         | But I bet the early versions of facebook wouldn't scale as
         | well..
        
       | wreath wrote:
       | They aren't going anywhere. We used to be told what to think and
       | what to do by the Church, then by the State and from now on by
       | Big Tech. It's only starting, baby. So buckle up.
        
       | stjohnswarts wrote:
       | It's only going to get bigger unless governments put limits on
       | it. I don't see how you can reach any other conclusion given
       | 
       | 1. historically institutions get larger and larger until busted
       | up
       | 
       | 2. they tend to buy out anyone who has a better technology and
       | swallow it up
       | 
       | 3. technology isn't going anywhere.
        
       | wayeq wrote:
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betteridge%27s_law_of_headline...
        
       | Jensson wrote:
       | People have known how to make large internet services for 15
       | years. You see less diversity in services people use today than
       | back then. Everyone knew how to do magic before big tech started
       | dominating, todays state is the steady state where a few big
       | companies who mastered the current formula is dominating, little
       | is happening. You'd need a new big cultural shift like the
       | internet or the smartphone was for things to get upended again.
       | No, crypto isn't it.
        
       | mikewarot wrote:
       | Much of big tech has no physical inputs or outputs. It's mostly
       | network effect holding companies the big tech companies together.
       | There is some gained efficiency at scale when it comes to
       | software as a service, but the actual barrier to entry can be
       | scaled by an individual or a small collective (open source).
       | 
       | The main input of the social networks is US, and our consent. If
       | they break our trust, we start looking around for alternatives,
       | and it might take a while, but we all hold grudges, and will
       | route around their damage.
       | 
       | We _must_ retain access to general purpose computing, if we do
       | that, we can keep routing around their mistakes, accidental, or
       | not.
        
       | yalogin wrote:
       | This is a tricky subject and I don't think the big tech era is
       | ending unless three things happen at once -
       | 
       | 1. Split all big tech
       | 
       | 2. Introduce regulations to clearly specify interoperability
       | rules between networks and ecosystems
       | 
       | 3. Regulations to protect privacy of individuals
       | 
       | The problem is if they don't happen together the big tech will
       | have time to work around them and so the effect will not be as
       | good. We don't have the political will in this country to make
       | that happen.
        
       | bernardlunn wrote:
       | hell yes and here is why: Here's a concrete example: in last
       | year's lockdown, my local coffee shop started to deliver beans.
       | They set up a slick web store with Shopify. They took payment
       | with Stripe or Square. The owner's kid brought the beans round on
       | his bike. In other words, they competed with Amazon, because they
       | had to! Ten years ago, this would have been much harder. Now,
       | it's a matter of plugging in off-the-shelf components.
       | 
       | Regulators are NOT the key!
        
         | mooreds wrote:
         | Seems to me that Shopify, Stripe and Square all are members of
         | BigTech. What am I missing?
        
       | bernardlunn wrote:
       | Hell yes and here is why: Here's a concrete example: in last
       | year's lockdown, my local coffee shop started to deliver beans.
       | They set up a slick web store with Shopify. They took payment
       | with Stripe or Square. The owner's kid brought the beans round on
       | his bike. In other words, they competed with Amazon, because they
       | had to! Ten years ago, this would have been much harder. Now,
       | it's a matter of plugging in off-the-shelf components.
       | 
       | It is NOT about the regulators!
        
       | atemerev wrote:
       | Now, in the world of crypto, we are exactly at stage one.
       | "Ordinary people are profoundly ignorant about the wizardry that
       | has appeared in their midst. They know it is powerful, but they
       | don't really know how it works. Rich people throw money at any
       | wizard, hoping they will have the secret to eternal youth, or a
       | bottomless sack of gold. Naturally, this generates a crowd of
       | charlatan conjurers in fancy robes and hats. Only true wizards
       | can tell a true wizard from a charlatan - but the true wizards
       | are too busy selling spells of their own."
        
         | nodemaker wrote:
         | Thats interesting. Is this from a russian novel of some kind?
        
           | reboog711 wrote:
           | Isn't it from the linked article?
        
       | streamofdigits wrote:
       | Remembe Fuller's quote "You never change things by fighting the
       | existing reality. To change something, build a new model that
       | makes the existing model obsolete"
       | 
       | Big tech is the existing reality and it can only be changed by
       | making it obsolete. The digital technology for doing so is
       | actually available (or can be refined rapidly). What is not
       | available is the _social technology_ : the attitude of
       | governments and regulators, solid, honest-to-goodness business
       | models, the education of the populace etc
        
         | smugglerFlynn wrote:
         | I agree with the article's thought about phase where "everyone
         | understands the magic", and I agree with your point about
         | making reality obsolete. Problem is, Big Tech amasses great
         | amount of resources to survive this event and delay own demise.
         | 
         | Good luck competing when your innovation can be copied by tech
         | giant in a matter of months, your price tag could be beaten
         | overnight with dumping, and your business could be bought out
         | to suffocate in the basements of Alphabet.
         | 
         | Fortunately, our society both understands the dangers of
         | monopolies, and has tools (regulations) to balance them out.
         | Could anti-monopoly lawsuits happen that would force break big
         | tech? That has happened in the past, see Bell System[1]
         | 
         | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_System
        
         | 58x14 wrote:
         | I fully expect our next cycle to be one of de-platforming, with
         | this quote in support.
         | 
         | Decentralized technology is rife with fraud and noise, but ENS
         | is an exemplary preview of a Web3 future. Like SSO without a
         | middleman. It's a far superior user experience (no password
         | requirements, email verification, data leaks), and allows
         | developers to bypass account management altogether when
         | building a webapp. To me, it's glaringly obvious this is one of
         | the most significant milestones in our transition to a better
         | web.
        
           | 1270018080 wrote:
           | After cursory googling, it sounds like more blockchain
           | nonsense. Just throwing buzzwords together and solving either
           | a nonexistent problem, or solving it fundamentally worse than
           | anything that already exists.
        
         | pjkundert wrote:
         | Yes, this.
         | 
         | Implementing centralized application rules on completely
         | decentralized compute/networking foundations is now a thing.
         | 
         | Let's say you want to build something like Mars Coin. It's
         | gotta work reliably at the scale of billions of nodes,
         | separated by minutes of transit time, at billions of aggregate
         | transactions per second, at a cost below micro-cents per
         | transaction. Without the possibility of being shut down by a
         | government-scale bad actor.
         | 
         | This is now becoming possible:
         | https://perry.kundert.ca/range/finance/mars-coin/
        
       | bernardlunn wrote:
       | Hell yes: Here's a concrete example: in last year's lockdown, my
       | local coffee shop started to deliver beans. They set up a slick
       | web store with Shopify. They took payment with Stripe or Square.
       | The owner's kid brought the beans round on his bike. In other
       | words, they competed with Amazon, because they had to! Ten years
       | ago, this would have been much harder. Now, it's a matter of
       | plugging in off-the-shelf components.
       | 
       | NOT about regulators.
        
         | lotsofpulp wrote:
         | Amazon does not care about competing with small margin retail
         | operations. That is why you cannot filter for items shipped and
         | sold by Amazon.com. They are more interested in the 15%+ profit
         | margin business of being a platform.
         | 
         | Their market cap is $1.7T because of AWS and the commission
         | they collect from third party sellers and the recurring revenue
         | from high margin streaming services. The sourcing and selling
         | physical things to customer business is worth much less, as
         | indicated by Walmart's market cap of $390B.
        
           | elwell wrote:
           | It's interesting how AWS has taken so much of the market. I
           | suppose it's just a better product + the free tier.
        
       | streetcat1 wrote:
       | Big tech started with expertise but moved to rent seeking. Amazon
       | is not in ecommerce but in a seller market place.
       | google/facebooks are in ads, etc.
       | 
       | The problem is not that you coffee store can do ecommerce, but
       | that nobody can find your coffee store if it is not in amazon, or
       | does not buy ads from google/facebook.
        
       | jrochkind1 wrote:
       | > Here's a concrete example: in last year's lockdown, my local
       | coffee shop started to deliver beans. They set up a slick web
       | store with Shopify. They took payment with Stripe or Square.
       | 
       | Are Shopify, Stripe, and Square not big tech? Maybe medium-big
       | instead of mega-big?
        
         | dash2 wrote:
         | It's a good point. Large companies aren't going away. But the
         | _market dominance_ of a few large companies might go away.
        
           | jonas21 wrote:
           | It seems to me like this is a case of new large tech
           | companies coming to dominate new markets while the existing
           | tech companies continue to dominate their old markets.
        
           | jrochkind1 wrote:
           | Additionally, from some quick googling, it looks like Stripe
           | and Square both run on AWS? Shopify used to but now runs on
           | GCS?
           | 
           | Is OP mainly just talking about Amazon's dominance of online
           | consumer shopping specifically, rather than a general thing
           | about "big tech"?
        
             | kazen44 wrote:
             | to be fair, there is very little reason why shopify or
             | stripe couldn't run on a couple of racks of servers in a
             | couple of datacenters across the globe.
        
               | Buttsite wrote:
               | So why don't they do that anymore? Just the love of
               | migrating thousands of app instances and signing
               | contracts with cloud hosts?
        
               | jrochkind1 wrote:
               | And yet...
        
       | DeathArrow wrote:
       | No. The big tech era won't stop. IBM got replaced by Microsoft.
       | Microsoft got replaced by FAANGs, FAANGs will get replaced by
       | other more ferocious animals.
       | 
       | The article correctly states that monopolies aren't going to last
       | long. But what the author didn't realize is there will always
       | gonna be monopolies because the way society is constructed and
       | the markets works incentivizes building monopolies.
       | 
       | We are in the game of Monopoly. If a player lasts until the end
       | of the game he is doomed to build a monopoly.
        
         | lotsofpulp wrote:
         | > Microsoft got replaced by FAANGs
         | 
         | Microsoft is still there with a $2.4T market cap. In the
         | context of a discussion about big tech, Netflix is not really
         | part of it. Although the FAANG acronym kind of stuck.
        
           | yyyk wrote:
           | MAGMA is a better acronym nowadays, as Microsoft is far
           | larger than Netflix, and Facebook renamed to Meta.
        
             | lotsofpulp wrote:
             | What about google > alphabet?
        
               | yyyk wrote:
               | Alphabet is more like a holding company which Google was
               | put under, right? Google kept its name and its trademark.
               | Compare https://about.google/ with
               | https://about.facebook.com/ . The first is all about
               | Google not Alphabet, while the second is about Meta and
               | Facebook is not mentioned aside from the URL address*.
               | 
               | Besides, I didn't see any good acronym with only A and
               | M...
               | 
               | Edit: I earlier didn't notice the Facebook name and logo
               | turning dynamically into the Meta name and logo, but that
               | doesn't actually make the argument weaker.
        
         | seaman1921 wrote:
         | In what universe did Microsoft get replaced ? Did you see the
         | recent stock performance and jump in valuation of the company ?
         | It is still a beast.
        
         | kwertyoowiyop wrote:
         | Have you written a document or spreadsheet for a company
         | lately? Microsoft is happy that nobody thinks of these things
         | when discussing antitrust, but do you remember when there were
         | choices other than Word and Excel?
        
         | quickthrowman wrote:
         | > Microsoft got replaced by FAANGs,
         | 
         | Uh, what? Microsoft is currently the 2nd largest company in the
         | world, sometimes it's the largest. Do you have any idea how
         | many people use say, Office 365 in a given week?
         | 
         | Netflix is 1/10th of the size by market cap, I don't understand
         | why it's even a part of the acronym.
         | 
         | Personally, I hold individual shares of MSFT and AAPL and no
         | other big tech company exposure outside of index funds.
        
           | reboog711 wrote:
           | > I don't understand why it's even a part of the acronym.
           | 
           | Because the amount it pays developers. The acronym is used in
           | conversations about high paying tech / programming / IT jobs.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | cblconfederate wrote:
       | > My coffee shop is not an existential threat to Amazon, which
       | retains huge advantages of scale. But before, Amazon was the only
       | firm that could really do ecommerce. Now, everywhere can.
       | 
       | This is not a good example. In 2000 , it wasnt harder for the
       | coffee shop to make a website than it was for amazon, and their
       | challenges were similar: how to accept payments and how to
       | deliver. Amazon solved those through scale, the coffee shop did
       | not solve either of them (the author admits they send their kid
       | to do deliveries). Accepting payments problem is easier today,
       | but still not easy, and still not comparable with the world of
       | cash where everyone everywhere has equal access to payments.
       | 
       | Without some massive new tech that will break the moats of
       | bigtech (payments, logistics network, lock-in via identity) i
       | dont think bigtech will unbundle
        
       | tibyat wrote:
       | US govt is far too incompetent to reign them in. We would need to
       | fix that first. Essentially, tax big tech to fund regulating them
       | and improving the tech literacy of our laws. I think this list
       | would be helpful in order to get there:
       | 
       | - Term/age limits for congress
       | 
       | - Eliminate first-past-the-post voting
       | 
       | - Some kind of voter weighting system. Normalize a zoomer's vote
       | weight to match a boomer's based on voter turnout demographics.
       | 
       | - In the same vein as the previous point, maybe account for the
       | duration of a law's effects. If a law is going to destroy the
       | planet 50 years from now, why should a 90 year old have equal say
       | as a 20 year old?
        
       | mark_l_watson wrote:
       | I really like the author's writing style, so much so I just
       | subscribed to their sub stack feed.
       | 
       | I agree with the author that the future is unclear. I think it
       | possible that the current tech megacorps might suffer a decline
       | but if I was betting money I am not sure what fair odds would be.
       | Tossing my own prophecy into the discussion: I think that we will
       | see a combination of smaller distributed decentralized tech and
       | businesses, but some of the giants like Google, Amazon,
       | Microsoft, etc. will continue to do well as long as they keep
       | enough customers happy.
        
       | PedroBatista wrote:
       | The shameless party in the open might be starting to start to
       | end, nothing else.
       | 
       | They'll need to become more discreet and pay the right people
       | more. Legally different companies will be controlled by the same
       | group of people like some pseudo shadow board. Nothing new,
       | nothing innovative.
       | 
       | Don't get me wrong, things will change but be the same where it
       | really matters.
        
       | dustingetz wrote:
       | Beyond network effects (i.e. Microsoft's mortal grip on
       | enterprise IT), there is also concentration of capital (i.e. many
       | or most of Google's products were acquired, including
       | Advertising!). You can't disrupt a monopoly from within.
       | 
       | I think disruption occurs at certain watershed moments where a
       | rapid paradigm change occurs: www, bitcoin, mobile, social,
       | ecommerce, PC, internet. At these moments, growth is so fast and
       | belief is so strong that a movement of previously untapped energy
       | forms around it and this becomes a focal point for investment,
       | concentrated at a single point in spacetime which is powerful
       | enough to penetrate a monopoly.
       | 
       | But only if growth is so abrupt that it can't acquire you first.
       | 
       | And the capitalists are not going to fund the disruption as by
       | definition capitalists operate at a scale where they can't
       | understand it.
        
       | afterburner wrote:
       | We just had a big-tech surge. Maybe the massive surge will calm
       | down to not-as-insane growth, but that doesn't feel like an era
       | "ending" to me.
        
       | lifeisstillgood wrote:
       | Big tech is big because we are globalising - because an app /
       | website written in one country can be used in dozens of others,
       | 192 if your i18n-fu is good enough.
       | 
       | Scale is something we have not really taken on board as we head
       | to 10 billion humans. And when we look critically at the Big in
       | big tech now, they are really bit-players with leverage. News
       | aggregators, search engines, publishing platforms. The
       | traditional "media" have had outside _influence_ and this new
       | globalised generation has that, but compared to what 's likely to
       | come it's nothing.
       | 
       | Global pharma, energy, transportation, new manufacturing, supply
       | chain observability, consumer friendly finance. These things and
       | more will have huge impacts - and all will have software at their
       | hearts.
       | 
       | If that (software) is what we mean by Tech, then yeah, Google is
       | a minnow to come.
       | 
       | But there is hope. Software (and observability) are incredibly
       | amenable to democracy and independent monitoring, to smart
       | regulation and smart outcomes.
       | 
       | It's a political challenge to manage the wealth to come - but
       | look at how the USA handled the robber barons. It took massive
       | system wide political change if it happened.
       | 
       | Don't give up. But Vote Harder.
        
         | cryptica wrote:
         | Globalization overshot. It was mostly artificially propped up
         | with the global fiat monetary system. Now that the fiat
         | monetary system is running out of steam and heading into high
         | inflation territory, we will revert back to a more localized
         | world which most people will be happier in.
         | 
         | Many people nowadays were essentially 'forced' to move country
         | or cities because of purely financial reasons driven by the
         | money printers. This is all artificial and it will unwind.
        
           | opportune wrote:
           | This doesn't make any sense. Parent is talking about how you
           | can make a single product with a TAM of ~all of earths
           | population. What does that have to do with money
           | printing/fiat, besides perhaps causing an overvaluation?
           | 
           | Even if those companies were overvalued, it doesn't change
           | the fact that technology and free trade enable hyper-scaling
           | businesses.
        
           | Apocryphon wrote:
           | People have been moving into cities since time immemorial.
           | Small farmers would move to Roman cities in search of higher
           | paying jobs, or the dole. The Industrial Revolution greatly
           | accelerated urbanization. All of that predates fiat currency.
        
         | cblconfederate wrote:
         | Globalizing democracy means that increasingly , half of the
         | population of the earth will be oppressed by the other half. At
         | least the division of nations leaves people with the option to
         | leave one democracy and go live in another that fits them
         | better. We can't leave earth for something else yet. Global
         | democracy controlled by global media is a bad outcome.
        
           | lifeisstillgood wrote:
           | If I understand you, you are saying that in a democracy the
           | majority "oppress" the minority(ies).
           | 
           | It maybe a "no true scotsman" argument but a society that
           | legally oppresses a minority is hard to call a democracy- it
           | is quite possible to argue that America was not a democracy
           | until 1965.
           | 
           | And it is highly unlikely we will all become some homogeneous
           | voting lump - there are enough modern democracies that are so
           | distinct in just their voting processes, let alone choices in
           | fiscal policy, culture and so on to keep diversity alive.
        
             | cblconfederate wrote:
             | IIRC during the trump era people said the same thing. And
             | intuitively, it is a sort of oppression , but it lasts only
             | 4 years. I 'm not saying we should abandon democracy, but
             | we should be looking into ways to expand people's freedom
             | of action, and uniting everyone under one government is not
             | the way.
        
           | goodpoint wrote:
           | > Globalizing democracy means that increasingly , half of the
           | population of the earth will be oppressed by the other half
           | 
           | History shows the very opposite. Oppression goes hand in hand
           | with empires, dictatorships and colonial powers.
           | 
           | > At least the division of nations leaves people with the
           | option to leave one democracy and go live in another that
           | fits them better
           | 
           | You are confusing nations borders, democracy and
           | decentralization.
        
       | clement_b wrote:
       | Had fun checking where the hyperlinks of that article pointed to.
        
       | benjaminwootton wrote:
       | The article started by making some interesting points but it lost
       | me at the wizard stuff.
        
         | wrycoder wrote:
         | As usual, the HN commentary is far more interesting than the
         | linked article.
        
       | beardyw wrote:
       | I think that there is possibility that nation states will awaken
       | to the idea that they could do that, and have the power to take
       | over. Obviously the idea is particularly attractive to more
       | socialist governments, who could see themselves providing their
       | own Amazon, or totalitarian governments, who would look to
       | provide the rest. But I am not sure that would be the limit of
       | it.
        
         | [deleted]
        
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