[HN Gopher] Lessons from a year of AI research
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       Lessons from a year of AI research
        
       Author : peanutcrisis
       Score  : 123 points
       Date   : 2021-11-28 11:20 UTC (3 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (jetnew.notion.site)
 (TXT) w3m dump (jetnew.notion.site)
        
       | solmag wrote:
       | How do you formally verify your neural networks and the like? Or
       | is formal verification possible? Does this limit the areas where
       | it can be applied?
        
       | joleyj wrote:
       | That site hijacks the CMD+LEFT and CMD+RIGHT Mac hotkeys for
       | browser BACK/FORWARD and also has very strange behavior when
       | scrolling with the keyboard. Why? Why? Why?
        
         | dubya wrote:
         | This seems really like a browser problem, and I'd love to know
         | a fix. Geogebra.org hijacks CMD-` in Safari and it is
         | absolutely infuriating.
        
         | jetnew wrote:
         | Hi, I'm the author of the post. I wrote it on Notion to seek
         | feedback from a few friends, but seems like one friend shared
         | the Notion link here :) Hope that my website would provide a
         | better reading experience instead -
         | https://jetnew.io/blog/2021/100-lessons/
        
         | syats wrote:
         | As well as up, down, pgup, pgdown, alt+left and alt+right on
         | Chromium Linux. Stopped reading when I saw this enforcement of
         | how they think their site should be experienced.
        
       | criddell wrote:
       | Do AI researchers have a commonly accepted definition for
       | _intelligence_?
        
         | solmag wrote:
         | There is also no specification for "AI".
        
           | chongli wrote:
           | There isn't even an accepted definition of intelligence in
           | _humans_ , let alone animals, never mind machines! We're
           | pretty much at the "I know it when I see it" stage of
           | definition.
        
           | criddell wrote:
           | How can that be true? If the author is doing AI research
           | presumably they and others in the same field have have some
           | foundational shared ideas that they build upon. If they
           | didn't how would a person earning a PhD in this field ever be
           | able to say if they are contributing something new to the
           | study of AI? There has to be something that defines the work
           | as work in AI rather than just computer science.
        
             | solmag wrote:
             | You have correctly deduced why AI research is just a paper
             | factory.
        
             | potatoman22 wrote:
             | A large foundation for this field is statistical inference.
             | To me, AI almost always means ML, and ML = algorithms that
             | optimize themselves to make predictions.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | bo1024 wrote:
         | Not really, AI is more of a large collection of activities. I
         | would distill it down to "problem-solving".
         | 
         | The irony is that once you solve a problem, it's not a problem,
         | so people's natural reaction is to only call things AI when
         | they're unsolved. Once it's solved, "that's not AI".
        
           | visarga wrote:
           | Ability to solve novel problems with little experience. Skill
           | acquisition efficiency.
           | 
           | On the Measure of Intelligence, Francois Chollet
           | https://arxiv.org/abs/1911.01547
        
             | bo1024 wrote:
             | That's not really compatible with the history of AI, where
             | designing systems to solve a problem has traditionally been
             | considered in scope. Seems that, like many people, Chollet
             | wants to think of AI in terms of AGI (artificial general
             | intelligence).
        
       | YeGoblynQueenne wrote:
       | Original post:
       | 
       | https://jetnew.io/blog/2021/100-lessons/
        
       | visarga wrote:
       | The one that matters is missing: how do you get the best random
       | seeds? /s
        
         | oigursh wrote:
         | # Sussman attains enlightenment
         | 
         | In the days when Sussman was a novice, Minsky once came to him
         | as he sat hacking at the PDP-6.
         | 
         | "What are you doing?", asked Minsky. "I am training a randomly
         | wired neural net to play Tic-Tac-Toe" Sussman replied.
         | 
         | "Why is the net wired randomly?", asked Minsky. "I do not want
         | it to have any preconceptions of how to play", Sussman said.
         | 
         | Minsky then shut his eyes.
         | 
         | "Why do you close your eyes?", Sussman asked his teacher. "So
         | that the room will be empty."
         | 
         | At that moment, Sussman was enlightened.
         | 
         | http://www.catb.org/jargon/html/koans.html
        
           | bruce343434 wrote:
           | I'm not actually sure what the morale is here
        
             | AstralStorm wrote:
             | Intelligence does not start from a random state, but from a
             | pretrained one. Random state is likely to roll an
             | artificial overfit or if it just fits, you won't know why
             | it is better than another state - or rather why your
             | training method sucks from other initial states.
             | 
             | Proper methods of bias analysis are network compression or
             | random surgery, and expanding test data set. Proper methods
             | of training are robust to varied initial states.
        
             | ximeng wrote:
             | If you shut your eyes, you do not see anything in the room.
             | This does not mean there is nothing in the room.
             | 
             | If you randomize your seeds, you do not deliberately bias
             | your model. This does not mean your model is unbiased.
        
         | jacquesm wrote:
         | 4
         | 
         | There you go.
        
           | mellavora wrote:
           | I have to disagree, and this close to thanksgiving I just
           | don't see how you missed the best random seed
           | 
           | pumpkin 3.14
           | 
           | Normally I prefer apple, but during the holidays you must
           | adjust.
        
         | go_elmo wrote:
         | Great one! Actual question: has anyone looked if pseudo
         | randomnes is worse than full randomness?
        
           | dotancohen wrote:
           | It is pseudoworse.
        
           | 317070 wrote:
           | I once (8 years ago) did a comparison between random,
           | pseudorandom and quasirandom. Quasirandom worked ever so
           | slightly better than the other two in speed and final
           | performance, but not enough to warrant the additional
           | complexity of implementation.
        
         | WithinReason wrote:
         | 41. Remember to consider variance of results and the usage of
         | random seeds.
        
       | engineer_22 wrote:
       | -> 87. Don't let yourself be too affected by the opportunity
       | costs of doing research.
       | 
       | Why not? Is there a strong payoff later? How did you learn this
       | lesson?
       | 
       | :)
       | 
       | Good listicle!
        
       | reliableturing wrote:
       | Thanks for the write up! As someone starting a doctoral degree
       | early next year, I greatly appreciate it
        
       | mark_l_watson wrote:
       | The author might find that this well thought out list will help
       | when applying for work. I would suggest that they copy it over to
       | GitHub in addition to their public projects.
        
       | go_elmo wrote:
       | Find peace in doing trial and error statistical black box studies
       | after x years of formal systems studies. I couldnt do that for my
       | part.
        
       | hutrdvnj wrote:
       | The title here and on the blog differs, I don't know why
       | submiters pick other titles. I mean I wouldn't quote a newspaper
       | or paper with a wrong title, would I?
        
         | stonemetal12 wrote:
         | It is one of the site's guidelines.
         | 
         | >If the title contains a gratuitous number or number +
         | adjective, we'd appreciate it if you'd crop it. E.g. translate
         | "10 Ways To Do X" to "How To Do X," and "14 Amazing Ys" to
         | "Ys." Exception: when the number is meaningful, e.g. "The 5
         | Platonic Solids."
        
           | hutrdvnj wrote:
           | Okay and why?
        
             | yibers wrote:
             | "Y"
        
             | stonemetal12 wrote:
             | PG considered them a special case of linkbait. Which is the
             | only other time you are supposed to modify the title.
        
               | hutrdvnj wrote:
               | I think there are many click bait titles other than "10
               | things ..." lists. Still don't understand why there's a
               | special rule just for these.
               | 
               | "You Can Now Save Money with Y New Strategy"
               | 
               | "You Can Now Travel Abroad Without Having to..."
               | 
               | "The Last ... You'll Ever Need"
               | 
               | "You Won't Believe... What Y has Found"
               | 
               | "Why You Should..."
               | 
               | "Why You've Never Heard of This Top Travel Destination"
               | 
               | "This is why you're losing money"
               | 
               | Just a few examples.
        
       | tubby12345 wrote:
       | Lol this is so aspirational it could only come from an undergrad.
       | 
       | Let me tell you that I've finally made it to the stressful part
       | of the being a serious "AI" researcher, where I have a real
       | project (as in difficult to achieve goals, not just "turn the
       | crank" stuff) and real deadlines (deliverables on collaborators
       | projects and my own conferences submissions) and the _only_ thing
       | I prioritize above doing the work itself is keeping my advisor
       | (and other collaborators) up to date on what I 'm doing so that
       | when he reads my paper draft he's not completely lost. Everything
       | like organizing papers, citations, logging infra, etc is
       | meaningless when you're trying to piece together a solution. Like
       | seriously somedays I barely have time to exercise and eat dinner
       | with my wife (let alone organizing my bookmarks).
       | 
       | For example I'm trying to solve a particular compilers problem
       | using integer programming (note that at a high this isn't that
       | high level because this is a small cottage industry) and so I
       | have like 50 paper tabs open that I bounce between when
       | thinking/experimenting. The way it usually goes is I'll hack, get
       | stuck, go back to the papers, find something, hack, and on. And
       | usually the eureka moment comes some hours later because I
       | connect something.
       | 
       | You might say that I'm a bad researcher but I know for a fact
       | (external validation) that I'm not. And if you look at other
       | highly productive researchers (like TT track profs at my "elite"
       | school) this is indeed how they work. All of this zotero, notion,
       | mlflow stuff is of the ilk of productivity porn for other flavors
       | of knowledge workers (ie a mirage and/or snake oil). Let me put
       | it this way: my advisor is a top 500 h-index person (the exact
       | significance of that metric notwithstanding) and he doesn't have
       | a bibtex of his own papers, let alone zotero for all of the
       | papers he reads/comes across.
       | 
       | The only thing that matters is code/math/etc output (whatever
       | your material output is) and your abilities are also highly
       | correlated with it with the casualty flowing in t opposite
       | direction (make more stuff and you'll get better at making
       | stuff).
       | 
       | But I guess conversely do do some of these things when you're
       | young and have the time (and I don't mean that condescendingly).
       | E.g. reading outside of your area is probably the most valuable
       | (from my own, admittedly a typical, experience, since I jumped
       | domains many times); I very frequently can outpace even my senior
       | colaborators very quickly on understanding a problem and solution
       | simply because when I was younger I dabbled in ... all the things
       | (physics, math, cs).
       | 
       | The other thing that I'll say is there's something obviously
       | missing from this list but only if you've really made it this
       | far: collaborators and interactions with collaborators. The only
       | thing that matters aside from the produce is getting people to
       | make use of it. That means writing, speaking, and getting buyin
       | from your collaborators. If you really truly want to be
       | successful then work on your people skills as it pertains to this
       | area - that means learn to speak the language of your research
       | community, learn to give good (engaging, interesting, useful)
       | presentations, learn to write well (including making nice
       | diagrams), and learn to explain things in ways that smart but
       | busy people will understand. Besides all of this being key to
       | being productive it's also what feeds you (i.e. the real #1
       | priority) since it gets you jobs, academic and industry.
        
       | tinyhouse wrote:
       | 101st lesson - 100 is a nice number but no one is going to read a
       | blog post with 100 lessons learned. Either focus on the 5-10 most
       | important lessons or consolidate and summarize.
        
       | andreyk wrote:
       | Good list! As a PhD student and therefore AI researcher for a few
       | years now, a lot of this rings true. Though 100 lessons is too
       | much and some of these are obvious/minor, i'd distill it down to
       | the main ones.
       | 
       | Here's my 2 cents on the topic from a thing I wrote last year
       | ('Lessons Learned the Hard Way in Grad School (so far)'):
       | https://www.andreykurenkov.com/writing/life/lessons-learned-...
        
         | zwaps wrote:
         | Love the timeline of failure and success (the latter of which
         | is what one usually sees).
         | 
         | I think there may be some who breeze through grad school,
         | likely by being in a strong research environment beforehand, or
         | by having lots of support. I mean, they have to exist?
         | 
         | Have I genuinely met anyone like that? Nah. And, oh boy, can it
         | be a struggle!
         | 
         | During a PhD, it's very easy to put yourself into an
         | increasingly hopeless situation that is mentally tough, for
         | years on end, and it is really hard to even convey to anyone
         | outside of academia why you would do that.
         | 
         | It is especially hard to convey to people outside of academia
         | how 5 (nowadays often 6,7, etc) years of work all come down to
         | a few, often seemingly random decisions of hiring committees
         | and other structures.
         | 
         | You start grad school thinking it's something you build, bit by
         | bit. At then end, it's more of an ever shifting collection of
         | you, put together in the hopes it will be evaluated well. But
         | then you realize, it really has little to do with objective
         | quality, and much of the situation is outside of your control.
         | There is no short project in grad school. It's the entire
         | thing!
         | 
         | I think the worst thing is the uncertainty about literally
         | everything. Is your Professor ever telling the truth? Will you
         | really get that support two years out? Will the funding
         | persists? What are you even researching?
         | 
         | I have seen people had the work of the past five years ripped
         | apart during their thesis defense (or wherever), I have seen
         | people make a few missteps and ruin their chances on the job
         | market. I have seen people invest a lot in work that never
         | makes any impact. I have seen people who thought they'd make
         | Professor, and then found they have zero motivation or talent
         | for research and/or teaching.
         | 
         | You can never be sure that ain't you, until you have your PhD
         | and your job.
         | 
         | It's always on your mind. Projects aren't short anymore, you
         | work years on stuff before it ever becomes a paper. You work
         | every waking hour and often every sleeping hour as well. And
         | you lack the knowledge and experience to assess whether what
         | you are doing will really go anywhere, if the network you are
         | building is right, if the people you write to will be
         | interested in your work. At the very least, you never know who
         | else starts with you and will compete with you on the job
         | market, which is increasingly filled with people willing to
         | work for little money and little job security.
         | 
         | In the past two years, academic positions dropped 70% or more,
         | at least in some fields. And we have 2-3 cohorts of applicants
         | on the market due to Corona, and this will remain for years.
         | 
         | Academic research nowadays requires nerves of steel, and I have
         | seen grad school ruin the health (mental and physical) of quite
         | a few people, all of them very good at what they do.
         | 
         | So after all that doom and gloom, people need to realize that
         | it is a struggle for probably everyone. But it is also
         | rewarding, or it can be.
        
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