[HN Gopher] Costly Airbus paint flaw goes wider than the Gulf
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Costly Airbus paint flaw goes wider than the Gulf
        
       Author : 1cvmask
       Score  : 90 points
       Date   : 2021-11-29 14:46 UTC (8 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.reuters.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.reuters.com)
        
       | trhway wrote:
       | looking at that mesh over carbon skin it is really hard to
       | imagine how any paint can adhere long term there given the flight
       | conditions, temp changes ,vibration, etc. Went out of curiosity
       | to check out how Boeing solves the issue on 787 and voila, Boeing
       | didn't disappoint :
       | 
       | https://www.businessinsider.com/boeing-removed-lightning-str...
       | 
       | "Boeing removed a feature that protects its 787 planes during
       | lightning strikes as a cost-cutting measure, even after FAA
       | experts objected"
       | 
       | Mind you, that is 2019, after the 737 MAX crashes, it is like the
       | 787 department just didn't get the memo. Or may be there weren't
       | any memo inside Boeing.
        
       | belter wrote:
       | 3 months ago....
       | 
       | "Qatar Airways grounds 13 Airbus A350s as fuselage degrading"
       | 
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=28098888
        
       | aurizon wrote:
       | That lightning limiting conducting screen is too inherently
       | flexible for the coating they used - it aged and became brittle
       | and cracks appeared as the screen flexed. They are cosmetic AND
       | protective to stop the naked screen from mechanical abrasion and
       | fatigue flexure. They will watch and replace the coating when it
       | gets bad
        
       | diskzero wrote:
       | Imagine doing the walk-around inspection as part of the flight
       | crew and seeing that sort of degradation? The flight crews were
       | possible told it wasn't a major issue and to keep on schedule. As
       | a pilot myself, I get very concerned whenever I see any sort of
       | abnormal surface feature. I am lucky in that I can cancel my own
       | flights.
       | 
       | Any commercial pilots here willing to share their experience with
       | this sort of thing? In the US, the FAA gives the pilot command
       | over the flight, but I imagine companies take a dim view of
       | pilots canceling flights over certain maintenance issues.
        
         | kazinator wrote:
         | Aircraft paint has to provide a tough, weather-proof surface
         | that can withstand being blasted by dust and hail at 900 km/h.
         | 
         | When you call it cosmetics, you're likening that to eye shadow
         | or lipstick.
         | 
         | No engineer would care to be named as the source of that
         | idiotic statmeent.
        
       | OldHand2018 wrote:
       | Halfway through the article is this extraordinarily helpful
       | information (given that I know nothing at all about aircraft
       | paint):
       | 
       | > When Airbus 15 years ago launched the A350, it chose to follow
       | Boeing's new 787 in using carbon-fibre instead of metal.
       | 
       | > Experts say the lighter jets consume less fuel but are harder
       | to deck out in a way that makes paint stick.
       | 
       | > The new jets also need a layer of metallic mesh to dissipate
       | lightning strikes because carbon-fibre is not conductive.
       | 
       | > Finally, unlike metal, carbon does not expand and shrink as
       | temperatures change. Yet paint does, resulting in a tug of war
       | between plane and paint that can cause peeling over time.
       | 
       | > Problems reported by Qatar Airways and some - though far from
       | all - other A350 operators suggest this is happening earlier than
       | expected, two people familiar with the design said.
       | 
       | > The problem may have been compounded by the paint's especially
       | weak adhesion to titanium rivets, they added.
       | 
       | I wonder how dissimilar the paint and/or painting process is to
       | the 787. Perhaps it will one day suffer the same issues.
        
         | kabes wrote:
         | From the article:
         | 
         | > Airbus is also not alone in facing problems. Boeing has had
         | paint issues and a phenomenon known as rivet rash, or flecks of
         | missing paint, on its competing 787s.
        
         | missedthecue wrote:
         | You'd think we'd have more sophisticated paint in this day and
         | age.
        
           | AnimalMuppet wrote:
           | Paint isn't a new technology. Paint _on that kind of
           | material_ , though, is new enough to not be well understood
           | yet.
        
       | melony wrote:
       | Are the wings painted too? Would it result in detachment of the
       | airflow?
        
         | jacquesm wrote:
         | Yes, especially the leading edges undergo a lot of protection
         | because otherwise the structure underneath would suffer from
         | the continuous impact of airborne particles, insects,
         | precipitation and so on.
         | 
         | Detachment of airflow across the whole wing would require a lot
         | of damage, normal inspection would result in such a plane to be
         | grounded well ahead of that happening.
        
       | ComputerGuru wrote:
       | > Airbus says there is no risk to the A350's safety - a point
       | echoed by the other airlines, which have not grounded any jets
       | and describe the issue as "cosmetic."
       | 
       | Talk about parties with vested interest in a "nothing to see
       | here, keep moving" conclusion. The only opinion that actually
       | matters here is that of the regulators.
        
         | cjrp wrote:
         | Certainly looks more than cosmetic in the photos, surely has an
         | effect on the aerodynamics if you're flying around with mesh on
         | show.
        
           | cowgoesmoo wrote:
           | It might increase parasitic drag by a tiny amount, which will
           | reduce fuel efficiency, but these planes have so much thrust
           | that the increase in drag is negligible to the actual
           | operations of the aircraft.
        
       | FlingPoo wrote:
       | There is an excellent documentary on the Boeing 787 on Amazon
       | Prime Video. Very detailed on how it is built, what materials,
       | engines, everything.
       | 
       | It's called "The Great Boeing 787"
        
       | second--shift wrote:
       | I recently rode in an Iberia Air Airbus A350. I was struck by how
       | the paint seemed to be dirty / droopy under the windows. This was
       | supposedly a ~10 year old plane (I forget the tail number, so I
       | can't look it up).
       | 
       | https://imgur.com/a/TWNWPQs
        
         | andor wrote:
         | That's an A330. The A350 did not yet exist 10 years ago.
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | m0llusk wrote:
       | Arguably this is a much greater problem than it at first appears
       | because it exposes a serious and fundamental problem with our
       | materials development processes. Currently development of new
       | products is going faster than we can understand the qualities and
       | limitations of those products. How exactly this happened and what
       | is the best response is not clear. Because of how these materials
       | are made a failure of the exterior coating can potentially render
       | that whole aircraft unfit for safe use similar to how metal
       | fatigue can lead to progressive cracking. What kind of exterior
       | would be best for such a radical carbon fiber structure being
       | exposed to extremes of heat and cold and pressure is wide open
       | question, and how best to patch a damaged structure is also
       | difficult to asses.
        
         | NikolaeVarius wrote:
         | > Arguably this is a much greater problem than it at first
         | appears
         | 
         | You can make the argument. Doesn't mean its true or has any
         | relevance.
        
           | erect_mom wrote:
           | on the contrary, it absolutely makes it true and relevant.
        
           | [deleted]
        
         | rossdavidh wrote:
         | I think some of the responses are missing the larger point
         | here. Every new tech has unknowns and potential issues, some of
         | which don't come to light for years. If it takes 20+ years to
         | go from initial small-scale uses to volume production on big
         | projects (e.g. Airbus), then sometime during those years many
         | of the issues will come to light.
         | 
         | It's pretty clear that technology is accelerating (and has been
         | for a long time). What is not as clear is that our ability to
         | artificially age products, in order to test how they will stand
         | up over time, has always only been part of the way in which
         | problems were found. Another, perhaps more important, and
         | certainly more authoritative way, is to look at how they
         | actually hold up over time. If technology takes long enough to
         | go from small-scale uses to volume production, that's good
         | enough. At some point, and perhaps we've reached it, the pace
         | of technological change is fast enough that we end up relying
         | almost entirely on testing methods that try to simulate long-
         | term aging in a short amount of time. These methods won't
         | always do the job.
         | 
         | Notably, none of these issues are unique to aerospace.
        
           | JumpCrisscross wrote:
           | > _none of these issues are unique to aerospace_
           | 
           | Aerospace has slowed in its pace of innovation relative to
           | other industries in the last decades. Its long design times
           | similarly mitigate this line of broad criticism.
           | 
           | The bleeding-edge materials on this plane didn't fail. Paint
           | over copper mesh did. That paint might have had some novel
           | features, but nothing unknowably new. We don't even have
           | evidence this was a material interaction versus QC failure.
        
         | ghshephard wrote:
         | I've read this paragraph a couple times - and what I find
         | intriguing is how it's the sort of thing that GPT-3 can write
         | based on the initial news statement. Every sentence in it is
         | somewhat tautological. Maybe I'm just more suspicious, but I
         | can envision a time (uh, maybe it's already here?) when forums
         | like HN start to get peppered with AI commentary...
         | 
         | This sentence, though - seems to be without any basis:
         | "Currently development of new products is going faster than we
         | can understand the qualities and limitations of those
         | products."
         | 
         | I would think that in 2021 we know _far_ more about the
         | "qualities and limitations" of products under development -
         | through virtue of more sophisticated testing, more
         | sophisticated test equipment, and advanced analytical
         | capability.
        
           | hulitu wrote:
           | You forgot quality tailoring. See Boeing for examples.
        
           | SmellTheGlove wrote:
           | Funny, I had a similar reaction. The wording is just strange.
           | Like on Reddit when bots are trying to create fud.
        
             | hinkley wrote:
             | I'm having "MongoDB is webscale" flashbacks.
        
           | m0llusk wrote:
           | Carbon fiber airframes are new and have displayed
           | unanticipated failures. Maybe they should have had more
           | testing or more should have gone into reliable inspection and
           | repair. We as a society may come to appreciate demonstrated
           | robustness as much as novelty and efficiency.
        
             | carabiner wrote:
             | What's 2 + 2?
        
               | mixedCase wrote:
               | GPT-3 can do some kinds of basic arithmetic. Specially so
               | memetic calculations (if that's a thing) like 2+2.
        
             | bityard wrote:
             | > Maybe they should have had more testing or more should
             | have gone into reliable inspection and repair.
             | 
             | Hindsight is so very easy to deploy from the comfort of the
             | HN comments section.
             | 
             | If everyone was this pessimistic, nobody would ever get
             | things out of the R&D lab and into the real world.
        
               | hulitu wrote:
               | There are other industries beside "code fast, break
               | things often and let the user test it". In some
               | industries a test not done on time or skipped can cost
               | later a lot of money.
        
             | wishawa wrote:
             | What is today's date?
        
           | xwdv wrote:
           | I wasted time reading a paragraph by an AI? That comment
           | should be downvoted, as should any AI generated comments.
        
           | cromka wrote:
           | > I would think that in 2021 we know far more about the
           | "qualities and limitations" of products under development -
           | through virtue of more sophisticated testing, more
           | sophisticated test equipment, and advanced analytical
           | capability.
           | 
           | Not to mention that the current state of knowledge is based
           | also on what we've learned so far about existing good _and_
           | bad technologies.
        
         | Gravityloss wrote:
         | Well at least carbon fiber composites are not new, used in
         | Formula 1 probably when most posters here weren't born.
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McLaren_MP4/1
        
           | JKCalhoun wrote:
           | Ha ha, I was a teenager.
           | 
           | Formula 1 though were never looking for 50-year integrity for
           | their cars. While your example establishes the beginning of
           | the use of carbon fiber, it seems otherwise orthogonal to its
           | present use in commercial aircraft.
        
             | Gravityloss wrote:
             | 1981 is hardly the beginning. It was for example used in
             | the Airbus A300, which entered service in 1974.
             | 
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbus_A300
             | 
             | Infamous but acquitted from the rudder incident on American
             | Airlines Flight 587
             | https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Fractured-carbon-
             | fibers-...
        
         | jacquesm wrote:
         | > Currently development of new products is going faster than we
         | can understand the qualities and limitations of those products.
         | 
         | This indicates a very superficial understanding of materials
         | science. No, development of new processes and materials does
         | not go faster than our understanding is progressing, they are
         | progressing in lockstep.
         | 
         | The only thing that occasionally happens is that accelerated
         | aging testing and lightning damage testing does not turn up
         | issues soon enough for them not resulting in visible damage
         | during operations. But aircraft are inspected with great
         | regularity and such defects will almost always be noticed in
         | time. To the best of my knowledge this particular defect has
         | not resulted in any planes crashing.
         | 
         | There were some more substantial issues with early planes using
         | composites but those were to the best of my knowledge resolved,
         | it is of course entirely possible that as these airframes age
         | that new issues will crop up. The main question around these is
         | usually what was the cause, bad maintenance, bad process during
         | application (for instance: a respray by another entity than the
         | manufacturer) or a manufacturing error, and that in turn leads
         | to the question of who will pay for the damage. It isn't rare
         | for there to be additional factors involved, such as issues
         | like these being used to pressure a manufacturer into absorbing
         | costs or waiving cancellation fees on surplus orders.
         | 
         | So before jumping to conclusions about our ability to develop
         | new materials you'd probably have to absorb a lot of
         | information about this particular issue, it is likely a lot
         | more complex than a superficial reading would tell.
        
         | mirekrusin wrote:
         | Also if they didn't bother to test such relatively straight
         | forward thing as paint for those conditions, what kind of
         | confidence can one have that other parts have passed those kind
         | of tests?
        
           | kabdib wrote:
           | Go read Bruce Sterling's 1993 article on something relatively
           | straight forward, like glue: https://www.reddit.com/r/HFY/com
           | ments/3zode9/bruce_sterling_...
           | 
           | I've done a bit more reading about paint; if anything, it's
           | even more complicated than glue (bigger design space, for one
           | thing: https://www.essentialchemicalindustry.org/materials-
           | and-appl... )
        
           | ethbr0 wrote:
           | > _such relatively straight forward thing as paint_
           | 
           | Think about high performance paint as a very thin surface
           | that happens to be applied in liquid form.
        
           | jacquesm wrote:
           | You can bet that they did test for those conditions. The
           | question is what combination of elements here is causing the
           | problem, which is likely not an easy to answer question.
           | Paint is complex, especially airplane paint.
        
         | the-dude wrote:
         | TFA argues that is not a safety issue.
        
       | throaway46546 wrote:
       | https://archive.md/YKiA1
        
       | 1cvmask wrote:
       | It seems that victim blaming is not something specific to just
       | Boeing. Airbus blamed Qatar airways and the hot weather till
       | similar issues emerged with planes of Finn Air and Air France in
       | colder climates.
       | 
       | Whatever happened to the customer is always right?
       | 
       | Guess it is easier to victim blame when you operate in essence a
       | duopoly. Competition is critical to solve these issues in the
       | long run.
        
         | smnrchrds wrote:
         | Boeing also initially blamed pilots for 737 MAX crashes, until
         | too many of them crashed, the regulators caught up and grounded
         | the planes, and forced them to take responsibility. It seems
         | like shifting the blame is the norm in the airline industry.
         | 
         | https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2021-11-16/are-boein...
        
           | slownews45 wrote:
           | I thought Boeing blamed it on a combination of poor
           | maintenance practices by the relevant airlines, poor handling
           | and response to inflight error messages and maintenance
           | requests on previous flights that left the issue unaddressed,
           | and then weaknesses on the pilot side during the accident
           | flights?
           | 
           | I personally think they went a bit overboard with the revised
           | procedure memory items.
        
             | smnrchrds wrote:
             | I am no expert, but I remember the main culprit was that
             | Boeing had insisted no further training is required for
             | pilots to avoid some sort of expensive recertification.
             | _Weakness of pilots_ was the direct result of this. Pilots
             | having experience with previous 737 planes were told in no
             | uncertain terms that they can fly this new plane the exact
             | same as the previous one and no further training or testing
             | is required or even available. They did just that, but
             | actions which would have saved the plane in previous
             | generations ensured its crash in the MAX generation.
             | 
             | And Boeing had the audacity of blaming the pilots when they
             | inevitably died in crashes.
             | 
             | > _In vivid detail, the documentary pieces together what
             | Boeing knew about the potential for disaster with the 737
             | Max and when the company knew it. Pasternak says in the
             | film that in 2012, a "Boeing test pilot was flying the MAX
             | in a flight simulator and trying to respond to an
             | activation of MCAS, and that resulted in what he described
             | as a catastrophic event. It showed that if that had been in
             | real life, he [could] have lost the airplane. They realize
             | from that moment on, even a Boeing test pilot may have
             | trouble responding to MCAS."_
             | 
             | > _Yet internal communications explored in the film show
             | that Boeing was determined to maintain the status quo:
             | avoiding potential scrutiny by the Federal Aviation
             | Administration that would add costs; keeping new simulator
             | training for pilots to a minimum; and even requesting that
             | MCAS be removed from pilot training manuals._
             | 
             | https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/frontline/article/video-clip-
             | boeing...
        
               | WalterBright wrote:
               | The Frontline episode is a mess of misinformation and
               | omission of crucial facts. I submitted on the Frontline
               | site a list of omitted facts and corrections supported by
               | cited FAA documents. The moderators refused to post it.
               | 
               | I used to watch Frontline regularly. Although they had an
               | obvious left wing bias, I thought they made good faith
               | efforts to present the facts.
               | 
               | No more. I no longer watch Frontline nor consider them a
               | reliable source of news.
               | 
               | BTW, the "Aviation Disasters" did an episode on the
               | 737MAX that was pretty decent (although a bit shallow due
               | to time constraints), so it is possible to do a good
               | story on it. Recommended.
        
               | sokoloff wrote:
               | > Boeing had the audacity of blaming the pilots when they
               | inevitably died in crashes.
               | 
               | That wasn't a great look, but Boeing is correct that if
               | the pilots had _followed the existing checklist memory
               | items_ for stab trim runaway, the airplanes would not
               | have crashed.
               | 
               | The difficulty is that prior generations had breakout
               | switches which would inhibit the stab trim from running
               | in a direction counter to the control column deflection.
               | That obviously won't work for the intended purpose of
               | MCAS (to give flight control feel in opposition to
               | excessive pitch up).
               | 
               | The checklist item for runaway trim is not "stop stab
               | trim by deflecting control column" but rather "stop stab
               | trim by throwing the stab trim cutout switches". Pilots
               | who used the "deflect control column" technique contrary
               | to the checklist would have gotten away with the error in
               | non-Max 73s, but not in the -Max edition. That's pretty
               | far from "0% pilot contribution" to the mishap IMO.
        
               | WalterBright wrote:
               | The first Lion Air flight crew correctly followed the
               | runaway trim procedure and landed safely. The next crew
               | on the same airplane crashed.
               | 
               | Boeing then issued an Emergency Airworthiness Directive
               | to ALL 737MAX PILOTS:
               | 
               | "Initially, higher control forces may be needed to
               | overcome any stabilizer nose down trim already applied.
               | Electric stabilizer trim can be used to neutralize
               | control column pitch forces before moving the STAB TRIM
               | CUTOUT switches to CUTOUT. Manual stabilizer trim can be
               | used before and after the STAB TRIM CUTOUT switches are
               | moved to CUTOUT."
               | 
               | https://theaircurrent.com/wp-
               | content/uploads/2018/11/B737-MA...
               | 
               | which the EA pilots did not follow.
        
               | slownews45 wrote:
               | Excellent point.
               | 
               | A lot of focus is on pilots, but the safety chain was
               | also weak. Maint, communication with flight dept,
               | communication to subsequent pilots etc, training dept and
               | required experience / education to fly. Not a good combo.
               | Someone with 200 hrs of time, plane badly maintained, no
               | good handoff around prior issues etc.
               | 
               | I still think Boeings safety model with humans as the
               | backup for computers probably doesn't work in a world
               | where a large majority of pilots lean on fully fly by
               | wire (computerized) planes. Someone with 240 hours, a
               | bunch of that just sim time - can they hand fly a plane
               | in its entire envelope?
               | 
               | This is where Boeing sounded really tone deaf. They built
               | a model around humans as backup, a very US centric model
               | (ie, folks with tons of general aviation experience just
               | as a hobby from young ages, military flight experience
               | etc) which was not really appropriate here.
        
               | sokoloff wrote:
               | There's a genuine question as to whether someone with 240
               | hours should be holding the yoke of a jet airliner. For
               | me, that answer is "hell no!" as we saw in Colgan 3407
               | (and others) which led to the FAA 1500-hour minimum for
               | an ATP.
               | 
               | At 240 hours, I couldn't be trusted with a Bonanza.
        
               | slownews45 wrote:
               | Yes, in the US we (now) think of 250 as too low.
               | 
               | 1,500 is pretty dang high. Persoanlly, 500 - 1000
               | wouldn't be unreasonable in my view.
               | 
               | Major airlines might still be at 3,000+ hours.
               | 
               | Remember, it used to be in the US you could also fly as a
               | FO with a commercial pilots license at 250 hours!
               | 
               | FAA Commercial Pilot is 250 (50 of which need to be in
               | powered airplane). https://www.aopa.org/training-and-
               | safety/active-pilots/safet...
               | 
               | 50 hours behind the actual yoke? 200 lives 30,000 feet in
               | the air?
               | 
               | Overseas, some of the cadet / local pilot programs - you
               | get pretty low time and/or connected pilots into the
               | seat.
               | 
               | "The committee noted that these deficiencies had been
               | identified previously in training and reemerged during
               | the accident flight. When the MCAS activated, it took the
               | first officer four minutes to locate the proper checklist
               | because he wasn't familiar with required memory items.
               | During training, the same pilot had shown unfamiliarity
               | with Boeing and airline standard operating procedures and
               | had weak aircraft handling skills, the report revealed.
               | His training record reflected numerous deficiencies,
               | including "major problems" controlling the aircraft."
               | 
               | There is a reason Boeing initially said there might have
               | been some pilot factors. They look at that memory item
               | checklist, and think, trim problem, stab cutout memory
               | item.
               | 
               | In the US they have Capt Sully (glider / fighter pilots,
               | lots of experience, with a strong FO) gliding a plane
               | with two engines out to a safe landing. So human in the
               | loop kind of works in the US. Could you program a
               | computer for that? Probably, but not there yet.
               | 
               | That said, I still blame Boeing to a large degree. If you
               | are going to sell new planes to countries that have this
               | type of system, you must design the plane for purpose.
               | Ie, low time pilots who struggle / are connected / can't
               | be fired etc - you don't then design the plane assuming
               | the human in the loop will have hand flying ability to
               | step in. That was pure greed, roll out this type of plane
               | in the US / EU / UK etc. Good maintenance, good safety
               | reporting systems (ASAP etc) work out the kinks, then go
               | overseas.
               | 
               | First Max 8 to Malindo air!!? Really??
               | 
               | They really need to get to airbus and beyond envelope
               | protection etc in these markets.
               | 
               | I'm also curious about checkrides overseas. Stuff like
               | engine out on takeoff etc is just hammered into folks in
               | the US.
        
               | slownews45 wrote:
               | The old procedure was
               | 
               | Control Column - Hold Firmly
               | 
               | Autopilot - Disengage. Do NOT re-engage. Control pitch
               | attitude manually with column and electric trim.
               | 
               | If runaway continues, stab trim cutout (both) to cutout.
               | 
               | http://www.b737.org.uk/images/runawaystab2000.jpg
               | 
               | The new procedure is not that much different.
               | 
               | With PK-LQP - previous flight it took 6 minutes for them
               | to get to this procedure - and it was suggestion of a
               | dead-heading pilot. This resolved things. Despite going
               | through this exact issue on previous flight, the next
               | flight takes off, same issue develops because of
               | underlying maintenance issue, they were dealing with this
               | for 8 minutes, 28 activations of incorrect trim but with
               | a fatal outcome.
               | 
               | Yes, MCAS was a bad design, yes it increased risk. I'm
               | not sure it was a "nothing could be done" type situation.
               | Better maintenance? Better communication between flights?
               | Stab trim cutout earlier if you don't like how the
               | automatic trim is working?
               | 
               | Airbus has historically pushed more automation / flight
               | protection. My own suspicion is Boeing will go that way
               | as well, ie, human in loop model they had (where human
               | fixes the computer going crazy) just doesn't work well
               | especially for folks flying these big jets without much
               | earlier GA / manual flying time.
               | 
               | For example, in the US, a pilot would have done lots of
               | manual flying on small planes first, and so might be a
               | bit less automation dependent and better able to take
               | over when computers go crazy. Also more hours before you
               | fly the big jets (think 1,500 hours flight time). Usually
               | a 4 year degree.
               | 
               | Overseas, you can come off the street and be flying a jet
               | with 200 - 240 hours of time including sim time? That is
               | a TON less flying time, probably very very little manual
               | stick and rudder flying. A fair number of saves in the US
               | have come from folks with great stick and rudder flying
               | experience, even things like glider experience you just
               | don't have overseas.
               | 
               | There usually is something called differences training
               | for variants like this. Wouldn't cover MCAS, and is
               | usually brief, but not normally zero. I'm surprised they
               | did zero differences training if that was the case - that
               | is very unusual. You've got to do normally at least an
               | hour or two. A new variant is not unheard off, 737
               | probably has something like 12 variants under one type
               | certificate. I would check your source there that no
               | differences training came up.
        
             | WalterBright wrote:
             | The problems were:
             | 
             | 1. poor MCAS design
             | 
             | 2. poor maintenance
             | 
             | 3. pilots not following runaway trim emergency procedures
             | 
             | The media pretty much never mentions (3).
             | 
             | Note that 3 flights experienced the MCAS malfunction. 1
             | applied runaway trim emergency procedures, continued with
             | the flight, and landed safely.
             | 
             | https://theaircurrent.com/wp-
             | content/uploads/2018/11/B737-MA...
             | 
             | 2018 - 035 - PK-LQP Final Report http://knkt.dephub.go.id/k
             | nkt/ntsc_aviation/baru/2018%20-%20...
        
               | WalterBright wrote:
               | For those who don't like what I wrote, I encourage you to
               | read the cites, which are official documents, rather than
               | what journalists who literally know nothing about flying,
               | piloting, or aircraft design, imagine is true.
        
           | bobthepanda wrote:
           | Shifting blame is the norm, period.
           | 
           | Remember the coverage around Toyota's stuck accelerators, or
           | the woman who suffered third degree burns from McDonald's
           | coffee?
        
         | lotsofpulp wrote:
         | > Whatever happened to the customer is always right?
         | 
         | The customer not being right.
        
         | lostcolony wrote:
         | >> Whatever happened to the customer is always right?
         | 
         | Enough people worked retail to know that's a lie.
         | 
         | But yes, this is the sort of thing Airbus should have responded
         | better to, even if it was without any real promise of making
         | things right (i.e., "We are investigating fully as to what has
         | happened here and will seek to make things right if we find
         | this in any way weakens the structural stability of our planes,
         | known the world over as some of the (insert whatever marketing
         | speak)")
        
         | Bayart wrote:
         | >Whatever happened to the customer is always right?
         | 
         | That never made it to Europe to begin with.
        
           | lorenzfx wrote:
           | It did, at least as a proverb. E.g. In German there is a
           | saying "der Kunde ist Konig" (customer is king)
        
             | bserge wrote:
             | Judging by the quality of German customer care/support,
             | that has got to be sarcasm :D
        
           | distances wrote:
           | Ans that's very good. Customers are wrong most if the time
           | really, so it's generally better to have honest service
           | providers that aren't bending to ridiculous customer demands.
        
           | erect_mom wrote:
           | could you expand in this point?
        
         | rob74 wrote:
         | If you apply that proverb to a customer who is trying to haggle
         | with you over the price (or other contractual details) of their
         | ordered planes, soon _you_ will be paying _them_ to take your
         | jets...
        
         | jollybean wrote:
         | "Whatever happened to the customer is always right?"
         | 
         | These are serious issues with massive costs and liabilities. We
         | don't resort to platitudes at that scale.
         | 
         | 'Who is Right' should be as objective as we can feasibly
         | determine and it may be complicated.
        
         | erect_mom wrote:
         | the customer is always right?
         | 
         | you're old school. i like that.
        
         | throwaway0a5e wrote:
         | >Guess it is easier to victim blame when you operate in essence
         | a duopoly.
         | 
         | The lesson the public repeatedly teaches to MBA types is that
         | the narrative matters more than reality. It makes complete
         | business sense to blame the customer.
        
           | slownews45 wrote:
           | The standard is a fair bit higher now in airplane safety than
           | it was. The 787 issues make you realize this (shims /
           | flatness stuff etc). Go back 50 years this wouldn't have
           | gotten a second look in most cases (and yes, there were more
           | fatalities).
        
         | callmeal wrote:
         | >Whatever happened to the customer is always right?
         | 
         | The full quote is: "In matters of taste, the customer is always
         | right."
        
         | tcskeptic wrote:
         | _Whatever happened to the customer is always right?_
         | 
         | Have you ever met a customer?
        
           | nate_meurer wrote:
           | We have a lot of them where I live. They're always in the
           | stores and restaurants trying to get stuff. I mostly shop
           | online so I don't run into too many of them, which is nice.
        
         | flyinglizard wrote:
         | It's because of trust and money. Saying something is wrong is
         | very expensive in this business, in outright money to fix
         | (hundreds of millions - or more if this is fleet wide) and in
         | public perception ("A350 is unsafe!").
         | 
         | Much easier to water down the issue and turn it to a mutual
         | blame game.
        
         | reaperducer wrote:
         | _Whatever happened to the customer is always right?_
         | 
         | Marshall Field, the man who coined that phrase, went out of
         | business. His department store got eaten by Macy's.
        
           | trimbo wrote:
           | Marshall Field died in 1906. Marshall Field's was an
           | independent public company from 1930 until 1982.
        
             | reaperducer wrote:
             | OK, fine...
             | 
             | Marshall Field's, _the company founded by_ the man who
             | coined that phrase _and which used it as a slogan and
             | marketing campaign for decades_ , went out of business. It
             | _eventually_ got eaten by Macy 's.
             | 
             | Happy?
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | S_A_P wrote:
       | I'm not even close to an aviation expert but I'm curious if we
       | are reaching a point where aerospace tech is too complicated.
       | Both major manufacturers are having issues with their latest
       | generation of planes. I'm curious what someone with expertise
       | thinks about Boeing and Airbus' issues
        
         | jacquesm wrote:
         | If you look back through history you'll find that every major
         | technology shift in aviation was marked by a period of some
         | instability after which the initial problems were ironed out
         | and then the new planes usually ended up being more reliable
         | than their predecessors. This goes for the shift to composites,
         | but also for the shift to jets, pressurized passenger
         | compartments, widebodies and so on. The impressive thing is
         | that the first take on these is usually so close to the final
         | one that the differences can be overcome without a complete
         | redesign.
         | 
         | But mistakes (such as the rectangular window problem with the
         | de Havilland Comet, and more recently, the attempt to keep the
         | same type certification for a completely redesigned airframe)
         | do happen and when they do, unfortunately, the results can be
         | terrible.
        
         | sithadmin wrote:
         | You could basically make this statement every year since
         | commercial airliners were introduced. For commercial air
         | transport, the 'bleeding edge' (which I put in quotes because
         | it's actually quite conservative, relative to the bleeding edge
         | in other fields) has always suffered from minor (and sometimes
         | major and deadly) product quirks. Military aircraft even more
         | so.
         | 
         | This is also why there's a very strong industry preference for
         | airframes that are 'tried and true' - e.g. 737 variants up
         | until the MAX, A320 and A330, etc.
        
           | Someone wrote:
           | And it's also unavoidable. To really know how an airplane
           | will age during its lifetime, you have to build it and use it
           | for 50+ years.
           | 
           | That would mean all 'in service' aircraft would be based on
           | 50+ year old designs. That clearly is undesirable, if only
           | because it would be too expensive.
           | 
           | So, instead, one uses models for the effects of aging, for
           | example by repeatedly freezing and heating parts while they
           | also are being stressed physically and are under intense UV
           | lighting. Those models can be wrong, but if you're using new
           | tech, you can't afford to wait with selling airplanes until
           | you know they are right.
           | 
           | (Of course, this isn't limited to the aircraft industry; it
           | happens in all engineering. For example, hard disk
           | manufacturers don't run new hard disk technology for decades
           | to measure its MTBF, either)
           | 
           | Sometimes, such models need major adjustment, as happened
           | with https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_Havilland_Comet.
        
             | ethbr0 wrote:
             | I guess GP's point could be summarized as "Does the amount
             | of complexity required to improve planes _now_ exceed our
             | ability to manage? "
             | 
             | Curious in responses from that perspective. Are airframes
             | that much more complicated? Or just better due to advances
             | in aerodynamic understanding, but not much more
             | complicated?
             | 
             | And same question for engines. Are modern high-bypass
             | turbofans more complex?
        
       | timw4mail wrote:
       | I'm not sure there exists a more complex set of requirements for
       | paint than for aircraft. Extreme cold to surface temperatures,
       | the requirement to flex with adhered surfaces without cracking,
       | plus the desire for a paint job to last for years.
       | 
       | It looks like conductivity is also desired, to some degree, to
       | help the metal surfaces dissipate lightning.
        
         | throwaway0a5e wrote:
         | >I'm not sure there exists a more complex set of requirements
         | for paint than for aircraft. Extreme cold to surface
         | temperatures, the requirement to flex with adhered surfaces
         | without cracking, plus the desire for a paint job to last for
         | years.
         | 
         | That's basically a walk in the park compared to anything that
         | needs to deal with unearthly temperatures and harsh chemicals
         | at the same time. Furthermore, air (and airborne water) isn't
         | very abrasive which helps a lot even if you do go through it at
         | hundreds of miles per hour.
         | 
         | You can more or less think most modern paint as a plastic
         | coating. High speed air with the occasional water droplet or
         | Canadaian goose, easy. Abrasives, hydrocarbons, high
         | temperatures, not so easy.
        
           | kuschku wrote:
           | Wouldn't e.g. landing and starting from an airport near the
           | sea with constant saltwater droplets in the air also damage
           | the paint?
        
           | OldHand2018 wrote:
           | I really liked the old American Airlines scheme where they
           | just didn't paint the airplane. It was beautiful.
           | 
           | But in the modern age, if you need a metal mesh around a
           | carbon fiber fuselage then not painting the airplane is
           | probably not an option. Sad.
        
             | nickff wrote:
             | > _" I really liked the old American Airlines scheme where
             | they just didn 't paint the airplane."_
             | 
             | It wasn't quite that simple. I believe the 'bare metal'
             | finish actually had a layer of protective varnish painted
             | on, to protect the metal from oxidation (anyone who has
             | handled bare aluminum can tell you that it develops a layer
             | of oxide very quickly). In addition to that, the panels had
             | to be specially chosen and very carefully handled, as small
             | blemishes were very obvious.
        
         | jaclaz wrote:
         | Don't forget that besides the thermal effects, the plane hull
         | contracts and expands due to external air pressure and internal
         | pressurization.
        
       | EMM_386 wrote:
       | Wow. People were speculating that this was a ruse by Qatar to get
       | out of contracts with Airbus.
       | 
       | After seeing the images, that's no ruse. And that appears to be a
       | bit more than "cosmetic".
        
         | Canotdohng wrote:
         | Feedback from Qatar is always taken with a grain of salt given
         | the long history of Akbar Al Baker using fallacious pretexts to
         | engage in ruthless contractual fights.
        
       | JackFr wrote:
       | The more I learn about them, the more astonishlgy complex and
       | amazing technological marvels modern commercial jetliners are.
        
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