[HN Gopher] Importance of muscle mass, strength and cardiorespir...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Importance of muscle mass, strength and cardiorespiratory fitness
       for longevity
        
       Author : amitsheokand
       Score  : 123 points
       Date   : 2021-11-28 11:53 UTC (11 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (peterattiamd.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (peterattiamd.com)
        
       | georgewsinger wrote:
       | What's the best way to measure VO2?
        
         | theabsurdman wrote:
         | apple watch will measure it, though i have no idea how accurate
         | it is. to do it properly you need to undergo a supervised test
         | in a lab with the right equipment.
        
           | DoingIsLearning wrote:
           | Apple watch measures heartbeat and oximetry (SpO2).
           | 
           | A VO2 max test needs a closed air system, whatever estimation
           | Apple's software provides will be for indication purposes
           | only.
        
       | agumonkey wrote:
       | https://archive.md/QRXOC just in case
       | 
       | last month I focused a bit on oxygen levels and mitochondrial
       | health. Good breathing (and overall cardiovascular system) seems
       | a simple trick to help your body overall. But I lack solid
       | resources on the matter.
        
         | honahursey wrote:
         | The best resources I have found for breath technique is two
         | books: Breath by James Nestor and The Oxygen Advantage by
         | Patrick McKeown.
         | 
         | Breath is a much better book and very interesting, but is a bit
         | less actionable in terms of real guidance it offers on what to
         | do and practice.
         | 
         | The Oxygen Advantage is a much worse book with lots of hand
         | waving and less evidence to back up all of the authors claims.
         | The instructions on what to practice are much better and more
         | actionable than the Breath book though.
        
           | agumonkey wrote:
           | Thank you very much, always a good start.
        
           | EMM_386 wrote:
           | This sort of stuff would have to be done ahead of some
           | particular focused activity you want to optimize, no?
           | 
           | Breathing is autonomic. You obviously can't try to "improve"
           | it all day.
        
             | shane_b wrote:
             | A lot of improvements to breathing come as secondary
             | effects from other things. For example, wake posture, sleep
             | posture, nose vs mouth, etc.
             | 
             | Any conscious breathing is short like you mention but I
             | still think it builds a habit of breathing the practiced
             | way. Like exercise or learning a skill.
        
             | agumonkey wrote:
             | Your body isn't perfect, your hormone levels / nervous
             | system state can derail the healthy autonomous response.
             | 
             | Having a sense of that, and knowing how to allocate some
             | time to reset it a bit (deep breathing to relax arteries,
             | slow down heart rate) is valuable I believe.
        
       | windock wrote:
       | What books do you recommend about fitness, weight training and
       | aerobic exercise?
       | 
       | Just started going to a gym after a long break, and I am an
       | absolute beginner in this topic.
        
         | kelp wrote:
         | If you can afford it, a trainer at a good gym will make a big
         | difference. That's how I got started and I really got results.
         | They can make a program that's setup for your goals and tweak
         | it to keep it interesting. Plus the social pressure of having
         | the appointment was what I needed to get out of bed early and
         | get to the gym on time, especially when I didn't feel like
         | doing it.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | generalenvelope wrote:
           | preface with: I am not against trainers. I think they can be
           | very valuable for the reasons you mentioned - encouragement,
           | "managing" the technicalities, instructing your
           | technique/nutrition.
           | 
           | With that said, I would recommend using a trainer in
           | combination with at least one separate resource - like
           | barbell medicine. I've had personal experience with trainers
           | that pedaled pseudo science (or sometimes straight BS) as
           | fact, or recommended methods that weren't aligned with my
           | goals.
        
         | bitwize wrote:
         | Rippetoe's Starting Strength is widely considered the go-to
         | book for beginners.
         | 
         | Starting off by doing compound exercises like squats,
         | deadlifts, bench press, and OH press is a great way to get your
         | base strength levels up. You can add accessories later to zero
         | in on specific muscle groups that need work. (You'll know which
         | ones need work.)
         | 
         | Best tip is don't be a showoff. Use only the amount of weight
         | you can actually handle while keeping your form correct. Proper
         | technique is better than big numbers. Strength will come with
         | effort and technique.
         | 
         | Oh, and your diet will change. Get ready to sate those cravings
         | you'll get for protein-rich and fatty foods your body needs to
         | repair your broken-down muscles. And get used to delayed-onset
         | muscle soreness (DOMS); it's the "pain" in "no pain, no gain".
         | Other forms of pain may not be so good.
        
           | kelp wrote:
           | Regarding DOMS, I find that once I was on a very consistent
           | program, 3-4 days a week, I never got sore with weight
           | training. But if I ever took a week off, I'd have to back off
           | on the volume and weight to avoid getting sore. Longer than a
           | week and you really have to back way way off.
        
             | throwawayboise wrote:
             | That's about my workout frequency, and I'm basically sore
             | all the time. I am constantly working on increasing weights
             | though, I'm sure if I just did "maintenance" workouts it
             | would be different.
             | 
             | Edit: clarify "sore" not "in pain" there is a difference.
        
               | rkk3 wrote:
               | When I trained a few years ago, I would be sore all the
               | time... Now I've been training again, lifting more times
               | a week & heavier weights and am pretty much not sore at
               | all...
               | 
               | I would try 1) increasing your protein to 1.5-2g per kg
               | of body weight per day. 2) Cutting alcohol 3) Making sure
               | you get enough sleep to recover properly 4) Drinking more
               | Water (1 gallon / 4L a day)
        
               | throwawayboise wrote:
               | So I weigh about 84kg I should be shooting for ~150g
               | protein daily? I don't really track closely but even with
               | my ~30g post-workout drink I am guessing I don't get that
               | much. I should keep a closer eye on it.
        
               | rkk3 wrote:
               | Yeah I would try increasing protein, you may not have
               | been getting enough for optimal recovery & growth.
               | Besides protein shakes, non-fat greek yogurt and egg-
               | whites are almost pure protein sources that are easy to
               | add in.
        
         | CuriousSkeptic wrote:
         | I found this to be pretty interesting:
         | 
         | Which Comes First, Cardio or Weights?: Fitness Myths, Training
         | Truths, and Other Surprising Discoveries from the Science of
         | Exercise by Alex Hutchinson
         | 
         | https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/11115311-which-comes-fir...
        
         | brandonmenc wrote:
         | It depends on what your goals are.
         | 
         | Ignore everyone here recommending Starting Strength without
         | knowing what your goals are because if your goals are general
         | health or a classic physique, that book will not help you.
         | 
         | imo the book is overrated, contrarian, and cultish, and results
         | in injuries and an unbalanced physique just so you can get kind
         | of strong at a few powerlifting movements.
        
         | logosmonkey wrote:
         | I like Jeff Nippards stuff. He's generally pretty reasoned in
         | his stances and his workouts are all pretty well done. I've had
         | very good results so far with his 3/week full body hypertrophy
         | program.
        
         | cmaggiulli wrote:
         | Starting Strength by Mark R
        
         | lottin wrote:
         | _Starting Strength: Basic Barbell Training_ by Mark Rippetoe is
         | a must read if you are looking into  "getting in shape." It
         | contains a thorough analysis of the main barbell lifts, and
         | compelling arguments in favour of barbell training (and against
         | other types of training). You'll find a lot of learning
         | material on Youtube as well.
        
         | grech wrote:
         | When I first started getting in better health and shape years
         | ago, two resources helped me learn, provide structure, and form
         | habits. One is a lengthy blog post and the other one is a
         | popular book. Both are simple and accessible in their approach.
         | 
         | Nerdfitness - The Beginner Bodyweight Workout
         | https://www.nerdfitness.com/blog/beginner-body-weight-workou...
         | 
         | Bigger Leaner Stronger (Book)
        
         | npsimons wrote:
         | Funnily enough, I picked up "Starting Strength: Basic Barbell
         | Training" by Mark Rippetoe based on an HN recommendation. In my
         | view, free weights beat out just about everything else for
         | strength training because if you do the basic five (squat,
         | deadlift, bench press, overhead press, power clean), that hits
         | pretty much _every_ muscle, including stabilisers. It helps not
         | just with strength, but balance and supporting joints, plus
         | increases bone strength.
         | 
         | As for aerobics/cardio, I've never really picked up a book
         | myself as I've been hiking my entire life. It really depends on
         | what you're aiming for; if it's just baseline cardio, walks
         | around the neighborhood are good enough. Beyond that you have
         | to specialize a bit depending on what you're aiming for, be it
         | endurance, speed, explosiveness, and also terrain and form.
         | Swimming is probably the lowest impact, but requires a pool. I
         | use cycling for groceries, errands and when I used to commute,
         | but that's sort of an absolute bare minimum. At home I got a
         | VersaClimber clone since I rock climb and mountaineer. I
         | recently got into trail running after reading "Born to Run" but
         | that's less a prescriptive/instructive book than an
         | inspirational/entertaining read.
         | 
         | Recently I've gotten into Yoga as I've been neglecting
         | flexibility. Yoga With Adrienne on YouTube has worked well for
         | me so far.
        
           | bumby wrote:
           | SS is good for beginners, but I would push back a bit that it
           | works every muscle sufficiently. Rip says himself his method
           | is really about basic movement patterns. While those
           | exercises probably meet the points of diminishing returns, it
           | doesn't do much for specific muscles like, say, biceps, which
           | is why he advocates ancillary exercises as somebody
           | progresses.
        
         | valec wrote:
         | honestly the reddit r/fitness faq is pretty good. if you don't
         | mind reading a lot the strongerbyscience guides on squatting,
         | deadlifting and benching are very high quality.
         | 
         | in terms of programming: starting strength is ok for beginners
         | but don't stay glued to it for too long. once you start
         | stalling move on to an intermediate program like the texas
         | method, any of the SBS programs, 5/3/1 bbb, or some sort of
         | ppl.
         | 
         | also, while starting strength is fine for beginners (the low
         | volume isn't a problem as in beginners few gains are made the
         | first month due to poor physiological recovery capacity, and
         | beginners respond to basically any volume), mark rippetoe is a
         | stubborn dogmatist who has never broken any records or coached
         | anyone who's broken any records. take a lot of things he says
         | with a grain of salt.
         | 
         | the most important things are: push yourself in the gym,
         | increase weights or reps regularly (or more generally
         | difficulty so you keep adapting to higher demands/build
         | muscle), eat at a slight surplus, and sleep at least 7 hours,
         | preferably 9 if it's possible.
        
           | kemayo wrote:
           | I would consider that if your goal is just general "I'd like
           | to be strong and healthy", whether someone has broken records
           | doesn't really factor in to it. A program that'll take you
           | from unfit to the strongest person in most rooms isn't
           | necessarily going to share much beyond basic principles with
           | a world record contender program.
           | 
           | That said, totally agree on those basics: progressive
           | overload + eat right.
        
         | User23 wrote:
         | _Starting Strength_ is a decent place to start for barbell
         | exercise, but it 's very much in the spirit of _The Strongest
         | Shall Survive: Strength Training for Football_ [1]. Therefore,
         | if you're not a pubescent male with north of 1,000 ng/dL of
         | testosterone and competitive athletic ambitions you'll probably
         | want to modify the programming. I also hear good things about
         | _The Physics of Resistance Exercise_ , but I've yet to read it.
         | 
         | An important thing about resistance exercise is that it's not
         | just about muscles. It also stimulates the skeletal system to
         | make your bones more dense, strengthens your ligaments and
         | tendons, and perhaps most importantly stimulates the central
         | nervous system. The latter is the likely mechanism for
         | cognitive benefits.
         | 
         | [1] It's arguably the better book, but it's out of print and
         | you're going to be looking at about a couple hundred bucks at
         | least for a copy.
        
           | throw0101a wrote:
           | > _Therefore, if you 're not a pubescent male_
           | 
           | Rippetoe, the author of the book, is 65 years old:
           | 
           | * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Rippetoe
           | 
           | It's a book for beginners and anyone can use the linear
           | progression method. Once you've progressed beyond just a
           | beginner, _The Barbell Prescription_ takes the _Starting
           | Strength_ idea and adapts for for people 40 and older:
           | 
           | * https://www.goodreads.com/en/book/show/34823846-the-
           | barbell-...
           | 
           | One of the co-authors (an MD) runs the _GreySteel_ YT channel
           | (and he 's no spring chicken):
           | 
           | * https://www.youtube.com/c/GreySteel/about
        
             | kemayo wrote:
             | You can see their basic program here:
             | https://startingstrength.com/get-started/programs
             | 
             | It has advice for how much to increase weight by which
             | varies based on age and gender. (It's basically "slow down
             | if you're not an 18-35 year old man".)
        
         | jl2718 wrote:
         | Stop driving. Bike everywhere. That's all you need to know.
        
           | agumonkey wrote:
           | How long have you been doing this ?
           | 
           | I managed to implement this since july this year. Very good
           | benefits (muscle mass, cardiovascular health) but winter
           | early night makes it a lot less joyful and I'm feeling less
           | motivated. Also I see my thighs are getting thick and stiff
           | .. but maybe I can fix that (jogging session and stretch ?)
        
             | schrijver wrote:
             | Not the parent poster, but have done this all my live. In
             | The Netherlands people generally stop biking for sport in
             | the winter, yet continue biking to work, which shows that
             | your observation that it looses its fun is largely shared.
             | It's just that the benefits keep outweighing the drawbacks:
             | it's cheap, fast (at least in congested cities),
             | sustainable, and good for your health.
             | 
             | Then again, it's much easier to keep doing something when
             | everybody else is doing it, so if you're in an area where
             | cyclists are a minority I imagine it's more of a challenge
             | to convince yourself. The advantages do still apply so I'm
             | sending virtual encouragement!
        
               | agumonkey wrote:
               | > Then again, it's much easier to keep doing something
               | when everybody else is doing it, so if you're in an area
               | where cyclists are a minority I imagine it's more of a
               | challenge to convince yourself. The advantages do still
               | apply so I'm sending virtual encouragement!
               | 
               | Very much, and also netherlands bike lane system is a
               | real luxury. I'm lucky to have a long bike lane to bike
               | freely, if most of my area was like this I'd be biking
               | twice more.
        
           | Lukas_Skywalker wrote:
           | Case in point: children in Finland bike to school [1] even at
           | -17C/2F. Studded tires work really well, even if it's a bit
           | icy.
           | 
           | [1] https://www.boredpanda.com/students-bicycle-school-
           | winter-sn...
        
             | Someone wrote:
             | Temperature isn't the best indicator of bikeability.
             | 
             | That photo, to me, looks like a cloudless sky, so chances
             | are it's dry, little or no wind, and low humidity.
             | 
             | Even at -17C, that's easy to dress for and way better than
             | what you get around freezing with wind and rain, when the
             | cloud cover prevents temperatures from dropping very deep
             | (e.g. your typical British/Belgian/Dutch autumn weather)
             | 
             | Even that is quite doable, though, at shortish distances
             | (say less than 5km), certainly with some wind cover, as
             | there typically is in cities.
        
           | dehrmann wrote:
           | That's great for cardio, but the main muscles it works are
           | the quads. Hamstrings aren't emphasized, and upper body is
           | lacking.
        
             | namdnay wrote:
             | Does upper body strength have a big impact on longevity? I
             | would have imagined that daily biking covers 99% of the
             | health gains
        
               | schrijver wrote:
               | I would think so too. The advantage is that since it's
               | part of daily life, you create this baseline of exercise
               | that is always there, also when you lack motivation or
               | time to do other sports.
        
           | mpalczewski wrote:
           | Depending on where you live this advise my shorten your life
           | expectancy and health expectancy. I've seen those on bikes
           | get hit by cars plenty of times.
        
             | arisAlexis wrote:
             | Also cycling next to exhaust fumes is controversial at
             | least
        
           | notacoward wrote:
           | That's great when you already have that ability, and when
           | circumstances permit. There's a bit more to it for people who
           | do not have that ability, might never have that ability due
           | to disability, or live in places/situations where it's not
           | feasible. "That's all" is an expression of privilege, not
           | real advice.
        
             | schrijver wrote:
             | "That's all you need to know" is not the best way to put
             | it... "It's one of the best hacks out there" would be
             | better. It's kind of "take the stairs instead of the
             | elevator" on steroids... you're modifying something you
             | have to do anyway, creating a new habit that will work in
             | your favour... and in this case it also has environmental
             | benefits and is likely cheaper then other forms of
             | transport. But like any hack, there are scenarios where it
             | won't work, that's clear.
        
           | pengaru wrote:
           | Why bike? Man up and run everywhere.
        
             | agumonkey wrote:
             | I can bike as fast as Usain Bolt runs.
             | 
             | Also biking is a bit easier on your back and legs. It may
             | harm shoulders and testicles though.
        
               | notacoward wrote:
               | > I can bike as fast as Usain Bolt runs.
               | 
               | ...which means absolutely nothing in terms of either
               | ability or fitness. Sure, if you're time constrained,
               | biking might be feasible where running is not. Otherwise
               | it's just Easy Mode.
        
               | agumonkey wrote:
               | 1) It was half a joke (implying I will never reach 35km/h
               | with my legs)
               | 
               | 2) OP was trying to go back into physical exercise, doing
               | everything by bike is a great way to jump back. Running
               | is amazing but your options are greatly reduced. I can
               | use my bike to commute which means I don't have to
               | allocate time for physical exercise. Aren't we all time
               | constrained ?
               | 
               | have a good day
        
               | pengaru wrote:
               | > biking is a bit easier on your back and legs. It may
               | harm shoulders and testicles though.
               | 
               | Not when you actually consider the probabilities of
               | getting injured in a crash/fall.
               | 
               | I can't tell you the number of times I've been injured on
               | two wheels. Once I was run over by an inattentive driver
               | hitting my BMX, knocking me to the ground, driving over
               | my leg. On other occasions I've broken my wrists, broken
               | collarbone, countless instances of road rash and other
               | wounds. Other people here are arguing you can cycle in
               | snow and ice, lololol, been there, done that, have the
               | scars to prove it.
               | 
               | There's just no comparison in the context of "easier on
               | your body". You can run/walk on sidewalks and trails with
               | all the other pedestrians, away from cars. Cycling near
               | massive vehicles driven by people addicted to taking
               | selfies is so hazardous to your body it tends to kill it
               | to death.
               | 
               | If fitness is the goal, running is way more effective in
               | the same unit of time than cycling. I've done both trail
               | running and mountain biking on similar trails. Every time
               | I get really into the trail running mode enough to have
               | the necessary fitness to really execute, returning to my
               | mountain bike feels like easy mode with heaps of
               | unnecessary mechanical wankery thrown in mostly because
               | it entertains my inner gearhead and gives me more things
               | to play consumer whore shopping for and buying.
        
               | agumonkey wrote:
               | This is akin to say you can slip while jogging in a
               | forest. At time I have to avoid the angry dog chasing me.
               | So yeah if you bike fast around cars shit can happen. If
               | you coast on small lanes in a village, you will catch
               | yourself on your feet before falling off of your bike
               | (and if not then don't use a bike you're not ready).
               | 
               | I wasn't even "comparing" bike / feet. Just showing the
               | potential pain points. I just couldn't jog because of my
               | knees while I could bike (it actually helped said knees).
               | I do prefer running for overall health... it involves
               | more muscle groups and your respiration is also more
               | intense (and so far I never had biking high, while
               | running puts me in the zone.)
               | 
               | Cheeers.
        
               | pengaru wrote:
               | > if you bike fast around cars shit can happen
               | 
               | If you bike _slowly_ around cars, bad shit is even more
               | likely to happen.
               | 
               | Have you ridden a motorcycle on roads before? It's
               | infinitely safer than pedaling a bicycle among automotive
               | traffic because you can at least keep up with the flow of
               | traffic and behave in every sense as an automobile, in
               | what is firmly the automobile's native land.
               | 
               | In the US it's exceedingly rare to live in a village with
               | dedicated bike trails you can safely coast along. We have
               | roads full of carelessly driven cars _everywhere_. Riding
               | bicycles on those roads is quite unpleasant to say the
               | least, based on my experience. We have reported instances
               | of assholes  "rolling coal" not only deliberately smoking
               | out cyclists, but in some cases flat out running them
               | over.
               | 
               | And we haven't even broached the subject of cycling being
               | an acquired skill many adults plain suck at. It's
               | complicated if you didn't grow up pedaling everywhere.
               | Have you ever tried introducing an adult to cycling who
               | didn't do it before? The only teaching experience more
               | cringe-worthy I can recall was teaching someone with no
               | manual transmission experience how to ride a motorcycle.
               | All those moments have been hellish "I'm pretty sure I'm
               | just helping this person get on a path leading to more
               | convoluted self-harm" experiences. Getting them to go for
               | a run doesn't even register anywhere on this particular
               | map.
               | 
               | Back when I moved to CA for my first startup job, I had
               | to leave my partner and our pets back in IL for a few
               | months with family while I found us an apartment. When my
               | partner finally showed up she had her arm in a cast,
               | wanna guess why? Bicycle crash. She didn't have much
               | experience riding bicycles growing up in a sea of
               | cycling-hostile 5+-lane Florida surface streets, and
               | crashed riding my old bicycle with my nephew passing time
               | while waiting to relocate. Imagine how annoying that must
               | have been to bring two housecats through TSA alone with a
               | newly broken arm. Yeah, go ride bicycles everywhere
               | everyone!
               | 
               | People that recommend everyone ride a bicycle everywhere
               | seem to have absolutely no perspective rooted in reality.
               | My "man up, run everywhere" comment was intended mostly
               | tongue in cheek, but I'm willing to play devil's advocate
               | in arguing it's obviously safer and more accessible than
               | cycling. They're both ridiculously impractical in a world
               | optimized for automobiles.
        
               | agumonkey wrote:
               | Well it seems very specific to the US (and ex USSR
               | countries one can see on youtube)
               | 
               | Now you have a point if OP never rode a bike before, I'd
               | stay away for a while. Maybe that's why I never had any
               | issues going back to biking .. I basically grew up on a
               | bike. But that's not out of touch with reality. I crashed
               | twice in the last 6 months, but I was far from breaking
               | an arm (even though both time it was a front wheel losing
               | balance so face first to the ground) and that didn't
               | bother me much more (and I have a super weak health these
               | days, I'm not a young stud in mint condition at all)
               | 
               | about practicality, and even safety.. I'd argue it's not
               | as sure as it appears, at least in western european
               | countries.. it's less risky than heavy traffic
               | intersection in a car with crazy drivers cutting you off
               | (with my bike I can chose 20 different routes back to
               | home), and unsurprisingly I get there faster than with my
               | car (no traffic jams).
        
             | throwaway803453 wrote:
             | David Goggins is that you ? I have been exercising my
             | entire life and running is the only activity that routinely
             | gives me injuries that last for nearly a year. Most of us
             | probably don't have the best form but watching Goggins get
             | his knees drained last year made me question if humans were
             | meant to run regularly past a certain distance and past a
             | certain age.
        
               | pengaru wrote:
               | > I have been exercising my entire life and running is
               | the only activity that routinely gives me injuries that
               | last for nearly a year
               | 
               | What are you doing, running ultra-marathons?
        
               | throwaway803453 wrote:
               | No, probably more dumb in the "man-up" sense: running
               | immediately after waking in below freezing weather while
               | it's still dark out without warming up or wearing warm
               | clothes. I felt superhuman and that feeling is addictive.
               | 
               | Perhaps that is why running injuries are so common ? You
               | can't keep pushing yourself to deadlift more, for
               | example, without it being painfully obvious your form is
               | not right. And you just know that the person looking back
               | in the mirror should not deadlift 315 lbs. But with
               | running there is no obvious indication and the
               | environmental factors keep changing. Then you're spending
               | months stiff and in pain. You feel 20 years old one week
               | and 90 years old the next.
        
           | foobiekr wrote:
           | Biking doesn't do much for bone mass retention or upper body
           | strength. Bike all you want, but also lift.
        
           | wussboy wrote:
           | Unfortunately this advice is irrelevant (or suicidal) in many
           | climates. Canada's prairie provinces are completely unridable
           | for 3-6 months out of the year.
        
             | pomian wrote:
             | To help clarify. There are many different northern
             | climates. Close to the oceans,which is Coastal, is very
             | different than continental. I think there is misconception
             | for those who don't understand, because how can they(?) If
             | they have not experienced a Canadian or Siberian prairie
             | winter. 30 to 40 degrees below zero ( degf=degc), wind
             | blowing, constantly 30 to 50 km/hr(20-30mph), so wind chill
             | maybe - 60 or more. (exposed skin frozen ~dead
             | immediately.) Roads not only snowy and icy, but blowing
             | snow, so poor visibility. Equipment breaks from the cold,
             | for example if you go through a pot hole - and can't avoid
             | that because there are no sidewalks or shoulders because
             | snow. This weather can last for 2,3,4 months. We do play
             | outside when we can, with preparation, but commuting, and
             | shopping for essentials, is not playing.
        
               | hydrok9 wrote:
               | I'm a lifelong central canada resident and I can confirm
               | both the truth of this AND the fact that people do bike
               | all winter round. It really is a case of acclimatization
               | and preparedness (fitness being included in this).
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | phonypc wrote:
             | Shameless opportunity to share one of my favourite youtube
             | videos from the last few years:
             | 
             | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Uhx-26GfCBU
             | 
             | TL;DW Oulu, Finland is as cold and snowy as any population
             | center in Canada. Plenty of people bike there year round.
             | The issue is municipal infrastructure, not climate.
        
           | jimhefferon wrote:
           | At my house it is currently 6F. There is six inches of snow
           | and freezing rain on everything, so roads are icy. Biking
           | would be stupid.
        
             | pcmoney wrote:
             | Studded tires work great. People use them at ski resorts
             | and mountain towns from Colorado to Alaska.
        
         | neatze wrote:
         | For me personally nothing beats swimming for an hour, twice or
         | more per week.
        
         | ewhanley wrote:
         | You should check out Barbell Medicine. They have a great
         | beginner / restart template [0]. It's a couple of doctors and
         | an extended team that cut through a lot of the bro science that
         | surrounds fitness and, specifically, strength training. Their
         | content is great and they have a book in the works.
         | 
         | [0] https://www.barbellmedicine.com/blog/returning-to-the-gym/
        
           | generalenvelope wrote:
           | Absolutely the best content I've found. So many free
           | resources.
           | 
           | In addition, their youtube channel is a great place to start.
        
           | kvgr wrote:
           | I second this, their content is no bullcrap and easy to read.
           | There is lot of fads in fitness for beginners to get caught
           | on.
        
           | drBonkers wrote:
           | Third vote of support for BBM. I went to comment them as a
           | resource before finding your post.
        
         | abootstrapper wrote:
         | I recommend the heaviest book you can find, and pick it up
         | often!
        
           | agumonkey wrote:
           | I leveraged water bottles. 1.5L to make warm up like arm
           | exercises or weight to hold for punches. Very very nice IMO.
           | 
           | ps: I don't know who does the russian trick (30 push ups
           | whenever they have to wait a little .. elevators, mw ovens
           | etc)
        
         | gabythenerd wrote:
         | Starting Strength has a really comprehensive explanation of the
         | main lifts: squats, press, bench press, power cleans and
         | deadlift. It explains the mechanics behind a good lift and
         | gives a little bit of advice about programming.
         | 
         | It was one of the first books I ever read about fitness and it
         | influenced all the workouts I did after it. IMHO strenght
         | training makes going to the gym a lot more fun, as you can
         | compete with yourself.
        
         | chillwaves wrote:
         | As someone else mentioned, hire a trainer. There is only so
         | much you can learn from reading vs doing. Having someone guide
         | you will increase the effectiveness of your effort by 10x.
        
         | CalChris wrote:
         | If you are going to a gym, I'd recommend classes. You don't
         | have to think much. You just have to do which is good when you
         | don't know anything. You just know you have to be there at 9am;
         | it'll be an hour; and you'll get told what to do.
         | spin classes       rowing classes       bodypump (light
         | weights)       yoga
         | 
         | These are easy ways to get into the gym and get something done
         | without wondering around the weight room wondering what this
         | thing is for.
         | 
         | If you do take these classes don't expect a lot of coaching.
         | Instead, remember what the exercise was and look it up on
         | Youtube.
         | 
         | BTW, if you want to get into weight lifting, start with
         | bodypump for a few months. You won't learn anything, nada. But
         | that's not important; basic reps are. Then get a 5x5 app like
         | _StrongLifts_. The nice thing about StrongLifts is you 'll have
         | a routine and it tracks you. Again, you aren't aimlessly
         | wondering around the weight room.
         | 
         | Finally, when you can complain about the difference between
         | StrongLifts vs StartingStrength it will be time for you to
         | leave.
        
           | bckr wrote:
           | > Finally, when you can complain about the difference between
           | StrongLifts vs StartingStrength it will be time for you to
           | leave.
           | 
           | Leave what, and do what instead?
        
             | Smaug123 wrote:
             | Leave all the classes and apps and everything that's
             | organised, and do it all yourself; you'll have enough
             | knowledge and motivation by that point.
        
             | CalChris wrote:
             | _Kung Fu_ reference. When you can take the pebble from my
             | hand ...
             | 
             | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9selPW2lL-M
        
         | gdudeman wrote:
         | There are a lot of recommendations for Starting Strength here
         | and I think the book is great for describing how to do a
         | certain kind of lift.
         | 
         | I read it and was still lost about frequency, how to minimize
         | injury, etc. It doesn't give you the practical "do this" sort
         | of advice a true beginner needs or at least this true beginner
         | needed.
         | 
         | I really like Julian Shapiro's guide for the first few months
         | of weight lifting: https://www.julian.com/guide/muscle/intro
         | 
         | I'd recommend the trainer part though - I tweaked my shoulder
         | trying to just figure it out on my own.
        
           | bumby wrote:
           | > _It doesn 't give you the practical "do this" sort of
           | advice a true beginner needs or at least this true beginner
           | needed._
           | 
           | His other book "Practical Programming" does. I find his
           | writing needlessly verbose, but he does cover a lot of
           | different programming options.
        
           | exhilaration wrote:
           | So I'm a big Starting Strength believer, it was
           | transformational for me (specifically the deadlift, it's
           | life-changing), but in addition to the book the YouTube
           | channel is great:
           | https://m.youtube.com/channel/UC5FaqTBy0c1jlRUHKu4SuXQ
           | 
           | Since this is a technical crowd, I would suggest firing up
           | YouTube-DL and downloading every video from the channel. The
           | content is so incredibly valuable that I could see them
           | putting it behind a subscription at some point. Once you have
           | it locally you can just sort by filename and watch all the
           | instructional videos on the squat or deadlift etc.
        
           | npsimons wrote:
           | > It doesn't give you the practical "do this" sort of advice
           | a true beginner needs or at least this true beginner needed.
           | 
           |  _What_ are you talking about? He lists an example two week
           | program complete with sets and reps in that book, plus
           | outlines exactly how to find the weight you should be lifting
           | with. Form is _rigorously_ specified, to the point I 've
           | managed to stay injury free from lifting while never having
           | been coached.
           | 
           | As someone who had done practically no strength training
           | (benching with friends every once in a blue moon), SS:BBT
           | took me from completely ignorant to regular lifter.
        
         | bumby wrote:
         | There's plenty of weight training resources already available
         | so I'll add a cardio resource: Daniels Running Formula.
         | 
         | Also, don't forget flexibility/mobility work in addition to
         | strength and cardio. Starretts Supple Leopard book is a good
         | resource, as is general yoga classes.
        
         | christoph wrote:
         | For me, the three book series "Tactical Barbell" are pretty
         | much unbeatable. Pick one of the three books depending on what
         | your current goals are.
        
           | scruple wrote:
           | Came to mention TB, as well. I've been running it for years
           | (I originally learned about it from a HN comment) and believe
           | that I will probably use it, or some variation of the
           | protocols, for the rest of my life.
           | 
           | That said, if I were new to barbell training, I would pick up
           | the Starting Strength book and read it cover to cover to
           | understand the mechanics of the main compound lifts. Then I
           | would pick up the Greyskull LP program and run it (it's more
           | or less the SS program but with some sanity in the
           | progression and it doesn't ignore conditioning) until I was
           | regularly hitting plateaus on the main lifts. Then I'd
           | transition to the TB protocols starting with base building
           | and going from there based on my goals and other fitness
           | related endeavors.
           | 
           | edit/ I'd also encourage people to read TB I: Strength, TB
           | II: Conditioning, Mass Protocol, and the Ageless Athlete
           | entry. I incorporate pieces of all 4 of these books into my
           | training week.
           | 
           | Additionally, there is another book specific to law
           | enforcement that has interesting information in it. And, on
           | top of that, there are 2 new books being worked on at the
           | moment.
        
         | 0xk4s7 wrote:
         | Just read reddit's FAQ on bodybuilding or fitness, depending on
         | what you want.
        
           | kelp wrote:
           | This is good advice and has much / most of the info you
           | really need.
        
       | dolni wrote:
       | I have only ever heard good things about rowing. Because exercise
       | is a chore for me, I want to minimize the amount of time I have
       | spend doing it.
       | 
       | I got a rowing machine recently. It hits a ton of muscles all at
       | once, and is not bad for cardio. It won't challenge your heart as
       | much as running will, but it gets the blood pumping.
       | 
       | I am no fitness expert, but it feels like a really good solution
       | for me. I hope to work up to 20-30 minutes of rowing at least
       | every other day.
        
         | lispm wrote:
         | Rowing is great. But it is very useful to get instructions how
         | to use it correctly. One might need a bit tutoring.
        
         | subpixel wrote:
         | Rowing is awesome but even a non-impact activity can be bad for
         | you if it's all you do.
         | 
         | (I tweaked my hips during 2020 lockdown by overdoing it on my
         | Concept2).
         | 
         | My advice is an app like Keelo, which creates HIIT workouts
         | based on the equipment you tell it you have - including a
         | rowing machine. I have my rower, some dumbbells, a plyo box, a
         | kettle bell, and some rings.
         | 
         | Every workout is different than the last, you can use your own
         | Spotify playlists, and it will kick your ass in all the best
         | ways.
        
         | aunty_helen wrote:
         | Can definitely vouch for rowing. I always start my workouts
         | with a 2km row. Great for shoulders and legs.
         | 
         | I'm suprised how I go to gyms and find they don't have a rowing
         | machine
        
           | jdminhbg wrote:
           | I'd say I'm more disappointed than surprised -- rowing
           | machines have a huge space footprint compared to other
           | equipment. You can stack 3 or 4 treadmills in the same space.
        
             | conradfr wrote:
             | Really? The modern treadmills with footrest on the sides?
        
         | throwaway803453 wrote:
         | "I want to minimize the amount of time I have spend doing it."
         | 
         | Just to quickly share what worked for me since many of us don't
         | have room for a row machine: a pull-up bar and a 30lb kettle
         | bell. Every 4hrs between 9AM and 9PM my Alexa reminds me to
         | work out. I then do 3 out of 4 of the following: a set of push-
         | ups, 100 crunches, 25-pullup (or 100 row style push ups with my
         | feet on a tall bar stool), and/or 100 kettle bell swings. The
         | routine is usually over in 7 minutes if I stay focused. It's
         | short enough where I don't sweat so no need to change clothes
         | and shower.
         | 
         | To be clear when the workout reminder chimes, sometimes I don't
         | want to do any of it. But then I remind myself "you can do
         | _something_ " and I at least do the push-ups and pull-ups. I
         | couldn't be more pleased with the results especially given how
         | little effort is required.
        
         | PragmaticPulp wrote:
         | > Because exercise is a chore for me, I want to minimize the
         | amount of time I have spend doing it.
         | 
         | One of my biggest complaints about internet health and fitness
         | discourse is how much it exaggerated the time commitment for
         | exercising.
         | 
         | A fitness routine like you described (20 minutes, 3 times per
         | week) is actually plenty of time to make a significant
         | improvement in fitness levels. The key is consistency over the
         | long term.
         | 
         | Too much of the fitness discourse on traditional media and
         | social media revolves around extremes and glorifies the misery
         | component of extreme exercise. Popular programs like CrossFit
         | are all about pushing the limits and the grind. That's fine for
         | some people, but it's not even close to necessary.
         | 
         | A basic exercise regimen of 1-2 hours total per week will make
         | a world of difference compared to no exercise at all. Really,
         | you don't even need to go for intense exercises like rowing.
         | It's entirely possible to get fit and stay fit by doing mild to
         | moderate weight lifting routines where you may barely break a
         | sweat.
         | 
         | I wish we'd do a better job of normalizing the mild to moderate
         | exercise routines instead of the way the discussions are all
         | about pushing yourself until you're miserable.
        
         | tomp wrote:
         | I recently bought a rowing machine (Concept2, "top of the top")
         | ... and I'm very disappointed.
         | 
         | It's just not challenging enough (and I'm not very fit).
         | Running/cycling (on a machine), I can easily ramp up the
         | difficulty enough so that I'm sweating in 10 minutes. Rowing, I
         | barely sweat even after 20 minutes (on max hardness, 27ish
         | strokes/minute).
         | 
         | One of the best "time savers" for cardio is HIIT, and you just
         | can't do that rowing.
        
           | inetsee wrote:
           | I was on my rowing team in college, and I have a couple of
           | opinions.
           | 
           | 1) 27 strokes per minute is not max. I'm 70 years old and I
           | do 30 to 33 on the rowing machine where I work out. When I
           | was in college, our training sessions were all at 30 to 35
           | strokes per minute. Training sessions lasted for 1 to 2
           | hours, six days a week.
           | 
           | 2) As for HIIT, during a race we would often do a "power 10",
           | where we would apply maximum power to our strokes for 10
           | strokes. We only did 10 strokes because at the power levels
           | we were expected to apply, doing more than 10 would burn us
           | out rather quickly.
           | 
           | I still do rowing because it's an aerobic exercise that works
           | most of your muscles; arms, back, legs, stomach. The only
           | exercise I've heard of that does more all around is cross
           | country skiing, and I hate the cold.
        
           | subpixel wrote:
           | You can HIIT row, see Apple Fitness+ if you can stand the
           | wellness vibe.
           | 
           | But if you want challenging, join the Concept2 challenges. I
           | was doing 10k rows several times a week as a middle-of-the-
           | pack competitor and if that doesn't challenge you then you
           | should go pro.
           | 
           | But as I mentioned in another comment, you can injure
           | yourself on a Concept2 if you don't cross-train. It's not a
           | magic device.
        
           | tesin wrote:
           | I'd have someone check your rowing form - I can't really
           | imagine how rowing could be too easy. If you're applying your
           | legs as you should, and trying hard, it's as difficult as you
           | want it to be
        
           | dolni wrote:
           | Rowing is pretty dependent on good form, I have noticed after
           | not doing it too long.
           | 
           | Pulling faster/harder will make it more difficult. Try that,
           | I guess?
        
         | toomuchtodo wrote:
         | We bought a home rower from a Show HN thread and it's been one
         | of the best purchases we've ever made. Highly recommend rowing.
        
           | mrlinx wrote:
           | which one?
        
             | toomuchtodo wrote:
             | https://avironactive.com/product-impact
             | 
             | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=25905467
             | 
             | (Launch HN, not Show HN)
        
         | CodeGlitch wrote:
         | (former rower) Just be aware that rowing can ruin your knees.
         | It's quite "explosive", so it might be worth investigating
         | physio to ensure minimal damage.
         | 
         | Of course genetics play a huge role here.
        
           | redisman wrote:
           | Isn't all cardio bad for knees? I definitely feel less pain
           | after a 40 minute row than a run
        
             | elektronaut wrote:
             | Cycling is very low impact, as long as your bike fits and
             | you're not grinding away in a heavy gear.
        
             | kungito wrote:
             | How about swimming?
        
               | WanderPanda wrote:
               | In my experience: Hard to max out your heart because you
               | are always oxygen constrained when front-crawling. I did
               | high intensity breast stroke for 1-2 months each day,
               | instead, and suddenly developed terrible back pain, so
               | that does not seem like a solution either, but it might
               | also be due to my subpar technique.
        
               | kungito wrote:
               | Sounds like we have a similar problem: start doing
               | something and immediately do it very intensively and
               | cause more harm than good to your body. High intensity +
               | each day sounds like a bad idea almost always. The only
               | people who do it with a good reason are professional
               | athletes and they still have injuries all the time
        
             | generalenvelope wrote:
             | Please see:
             | https://forum.barbellmedicine.com/forums/training-q-a-
             | with-d...
             | 
             | This idea is not founded in science. However, as Dr. Baraki
             | outlines - dosage is very relevant regarding pain and
             | injury
        
             | CodeGlitch wrote:
             | As others have said, low-impact cardio is fine on your
             | knees (swimming, cycling, cross-trainer).
             | 
             | Rowing and squash are the worst :)
        
             | sol_invictus wrote:
             | Rowing is cardio
        
       | jdhn wrote:
       | I was surprised that there's such a difference between low and
       | below average. You'd think that there would be less of a gap
       | between the two.
        
         | Enginerrrd wrote:
         | I suspect they mis-interpreted that part but admittedly I
         | haven't listened to the whole thing.
         | 
         | The reason there is such a big difference between below average
         | and low is because in the "low" group, there's almost certainly
         | something wrong with that group. A heart/lung condition,
         | cancer, morbidly obese, i.e. issues with major body systems.
        
         | Leary wrote:
         | There's also usually a big difference in all-cause mortality
         | between no exercise at all vs. a tiny bit every week.
        
       | the_jeremy wrote:
       | Only marginally relevant: does anyone know how to change speed of
       | a podcast like this? I have the Video Speed Controller extension
       | and it works on videos perfectly, but I don't know how to change
       | speed on an audio-only player like this.
        
         | dv_dt wrote:
         | The podcast app I use has options for that (iCatcher). Many
         | apps will do it and will pull from RSS feeds or open podcast
         | directories.
        
       | mrfusion wrote:
       | Should we be tracking our vo2 or rather just get in the best
       | shape you can and assume vo2 is good?
        
         | et-al wrote:
         | If you need metrics to guide you, maybe. But most folks I know
         | who run or bike regularly haven't bothered getting tested
         | unless they're hardcore data nerds.
         | 
         | I know this is hand-wavy, but if you're already working up a
         | sweat for at least 30 minutes twice a week, you're doing
         | alright. If you're also lifting heavy things with proper form,
         | you're doing great.
        
         | cpncrunch wrote:
         | A simpler way of tracking performance is just seeing how many
         | continuous push-ups you can do:
         | 
         | https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle...
         | 
         | "Participants able to complete more than 40 push-ups were
         | associated with a significant reduction in incident
         | cardiovascular disease event risk compared with those
         | completing fewer than 10 push-ups."
         | 
         | That's not to say that if you can't do 40 push-ups you're
         | unfit. I was pretty fit when I did this test myself, and I
         | could only do about 30 (I'm 48 years old, and 30 is still
         | pretty good for my age). Now after doing it daily for a few
         | months I can do 60. But even when I could only do 30 I was
         | still pretty fit...I just didn't have the endurance in my
         | arm/chest muscles to do any more than that.
         | 
         | Here is a chart showing how many push-ups you should be able to
         | do based on your age:
         | 
         | https://www.topendsports.com/testing/tests/home-pushup.htm
        
       | coldtea wrote:
       | > _" If you have the aspiration of kicking ass when you're 85,
       | you can't afford to be average when you're 50." --Peter Attia_
       | 
       | Statistically, and regardless of being non-average at 50 or not,
       | the main thing you'll be kicking is the bucket when you're 85.
        
         | cpncrunch wrote:
         | It still makes a big difference when you are 85. Probably even
         | more so:
         | 
         | https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamainternalmedicine/fullar...
         | 
         | "Among physically active vs sedentary participants...at age 85
         | years, the 3-year mortality was 6.8% vs 24.4%"
        
           | foobiekr wrote:
           | This says nothing about cause and effect however. The people
           | who are physically active at 85 are likely not people who had
           | to make an effort to follow an activity plan.
        
             | cpncrunch wrote:
             | >This says nothing about cause and effect however.
             | 
             | It does.
             | 
             | "A significant survival benefit was associated with
             | initiating PA between ages 70 and 78 years (P = .04) and
             | ages 78 and 85 years (P < .001). "
        
       | alfor wrote:
       | One way I recently tried that I like
       | 
       | 10-15min all out 110% of what I think I can do. You push yourself
       | past what you think is possible.
       | 
       | Rest for 5-10 days.
       | 
       | Incredible result, minimum time
       | 
       | Work for cardio, muscle mass, etc.
       | 
       | The idea is to give your body a clear signal that things need to
       | change (like in a survival situation) and then give your body the
       | time and food to do the transformation.
       | 
       | The rest of your week you do physical things you like, walk,
       | tennis, bike, etc
        
         | monktastic1 wrote:
         | I love this idea. I've tried something similar in the past, but
         | with not nearly as much rest. Perhaps unsurprisingly, as I age
         | the results get worse. Maybe I should try again with more rest.
        
           | alfor wrote:
           | That is what I heard ( I don't remember the trainer). He said
           | that the major thing that slow progress is not enough rest.
           | Most people who go at the gym overtrain and don't rest
           | enough.
        
         | martin_bech wrote:
         | Its really great for results, and motivation. Unfortunately
         | with age, its also how I get injured very easily if going full
         | tilt.
        
           | generalenvelope wrote:
           | This is a concise video on the topic: "Is training to failure
           | a good idea?" https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=6OwaUlX4Qic for
           | context, RPE = rate of perceived exertion, on a scale of
           | 1-10. RPE 10 being "I can't do another rep"
           | 
           | TLDR: training to failure isn't worth it for most people
           | 
           | These guys have world class experience and knowledge
           | regarding health and training, highly recommend.
        
         | waihtis wrote:
         | What do you do this with? Running?
        
           | alfor wrote:
           | I did a mix of push up, pull up, crunch and a few movement
           | with free weight( mostly upper body) for 12 min.
           | 
           | The idea was to be completely exhausted, lying on the floor
           | after it. For each exercice it was only one/two serie to
           | failure.
           | 
           | I will try for running this week.
        
         | drBonkers wrote:
         | Fitness programming normally follows a methodology that is the
         | exact opposite of this to reduce injury rates. Steady,
         | consistent incremental increases to intensity, volume, or
         | frequency over the course of a 2-3 month macro cycle.
         | 
         | I'm not saying yours is a bad idea, but, from everything I know
         | about fitness, this sounds like designing for injury.
        
           | alfor wrote:
           | Obviously, you don't go 110% the first time.
           | 
           | You should ease into it, push harder as the weeks go on and
           | you gain more experience in the movement.
           | 
           | The idea is that you body doesn't require hours and hours of
           | exercise to make change, just enough signal that the your
           | current strength is not enough, and enough time and food for
           | your cells to do the work.
           | 
           | I wouldn't do it with an amount of weight that is dangerous
           | or with fast movement.
        
       | qrybam wrote:
       | Cheap and effective: kettlebell workouts and running. Keep it
       | regular even if you only do a bit.
        
         | timeq wrote:
         | For ever I believed group rides were all I'd ever need. Then
         | pandemic and almost a year of just sitting around because
         | riding trainer or rollers sucks.
         | 
         | Since then I've built up a home gym around kettlebells, a squat
         | rack, and my rollers. I also get out and run 1 or 2x per week.
         | I have never felt better or more fit.
         | 
         | Mix it up. Do something every day. Build slowly to give
         | yourself time to adapt. You will be amazed at what will happen.
        
         | anonuser123456 wrote:
         | Give rucking a try.
        
       | arepublicadoceu wrote:
       | This link directs me to several bullet points and a truncated
       | podcast. It seems like the real podcast is behind a paywall.
       | 
       | I'm not sure what there's to discuss about the content itself as
       | I can't listen to it. Am I doing something wrong?
        
         | npsimons wrote:
         | > I'm not sure what there's to discuss about the content itself
         | as I can't listen to it. Am I doing something wrong?
         | 
         | No, and you're not the only one. I've come to despise podcasts,
         | because they are almost always very badly organized, if at all.
         | I feel that we need a response to them, along the lines of
         | "this could have been an email", except "this could have been a
         | blog post."
         | 
         | Yes, your information might be insightul, but if I have to
         | listen to 90 minutes of a couple of guys shooting the shit
         | about it, it's next to useless in terms of actionable or
         | meaningful content to me.
         | 
         | I really need a "TL;DR" for podcasts. Something along the line
         | of the five minute precis from Gibson's "Count Zero".
        
       | oojuliuso wrote:
       | burpees
        
       | mattwest wrote:
       | I'll preface with: Of course, the most important thing is to find
       | something that you enjoy or at least don't mind doing.
       | 
       | However, with fitness, there is so much junk to sort through that
       | even really smart people have no idea what it means to be fit or
       | get fit.
       | 
       | It all depends on your goals, but for the most part you can
       | divide it into cardio, strength, and flexibility - all of which
       | interact with each other.
       | 
       | If you want good cardio, you need to increase your capacity. If
       | you are out of shape and decide to redline your heart with multi-
       | mile runs, you are being inefficient. Learn about the aerobic
       | threshold and find out what yours is. Then, train steadily at
       | that threshold to increase your capacity. Walking on an elevated
       | treadmill or biking are the easiest ways to maintain a steady
       | pace. Also, use a chest-strap heart monitor. When your aerobic
       | threshold is high, then your ability to burn calories goes way
       | up. The difference in the calories burned per hour between a
       | conditioned individual and non-conditioned is something like
       | 100cal vs 600cal. Do you want to be able to burn 100 cal/hour or
       | 600?
       | 
       | With strength, it's all about progressive overload. Don't
       | overcomplicate it. You can't confuse your muscles. You can't take
       | shortcuts. Consistency and avoiding injury are how you get
       | strong.
        
       | tus666 wrote:
       | Japan proves all this wrong.
        
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