[HN Gopher] Bank transfers as a payment method
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Bank transfers as a payment method
        
       Author : jbredeche
       Score  : 342 points
       Date   : 2021-11-27 03:50 UTC (19 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (bam.kalzumeus.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (bam.kalzumeus.com)
        
       | ilikerashers wrote:
       | I like how truelayer operates. Takes me to my banking app where I
       | authorise the payment using my bank auth. No middlemen "value-
       | adds" -X%, no keying in card details, no crappy browser autofill
       | and CVV. Admittedly this only seems to work via mobile at the
       | moment and haven't seen it on the web yet.
       | 
       | The Amazon VISA announcement shows that maybe card providers and
       | their payment service providers are next on the disrupt list.
       | They might go the way of the dodo.
        
         | jokethrowaway wrote:
         | I like TrueLayer as well, albeit it's not free for the
         | provider. TrueLayer is the middleman.
         | 
         | They probably don't get as much money as CC payments though.
         | Revolut topups / Nectar / Chip are now all using TrueLayer.
         | 
         | On the cons side, it doesn't work so well on all devices (I had
         | problems going from app -> browser -> app on older devices,
         | probably because of RAM limits).
         | 
         | Ideally, we could just have a free open-source wallet
         | application that connects to all the different banks via Open
         | Bank API (same as TrueLayer) and then just have a special
         | walletOS://revolut/topup/250/gbp link in the app which opens up
         | your wallet and allow you to send an instant bank transfer.
         | 
         | Zero fees, zero middlemen.
         | 
         | I've been toying with the idea of building it but it's not
         | immediate to monetise, so I'll do it once I'm rich and bored
         | and keep selling simpler services to business for now.
         | 
         | You could potentially upsell a saving / personal analytics
         | premium service once you have enough adoption or resell
         | transaction data (even if the latter won't probably be a very
         | popular model, given modern concerns with muh privacy)
         | 
         | The main problem it would solve for me is that I have something
         | like 8 different banking apps on my phone which I hate with a
         | passion and I hate Credit/Debit Cards: sharing your single
         | secret everytime you're paying for something is just plain
         | retarded plus we're just enriching Visa and Mastercards, which
         | produce zero innovation in FinTech.
        
           | ilikerashers wrote:
           | I don't think that sounds like a bad idea at all. The
           | payments market is massive and there is plenty of pie to go
           | around.
           | 
           | Smaller transaction size sites and apps that struggle with
           | payment fees might interested in that as TrueLayer seem to
           | focus on major players.
        
       | sagivo wrote:
       | > ACH payments are generally free to end users in the U.S.,
       | though a few banks will attempt to monetize them. (Looking at
       | you, Bank of America.)
       | 
       | Stripe also charges for ACH. ACH payments on Stripe cost 0.80%,
       | capped at $5. [1]
       | 
       | https://stripe.com/blog/accept-ach-payments
        
       | igammarays wrote:
       | One of the most surprising things about moving to Eastern Europe
       | (being born and raised in Canada and worked in the US) was how
       | much better the payment systems are, from a consumer's
       | perspective. Instant P2P bank-to-bank transfers, confirmed with a
       | 2FA notification on my smartphone, are the default way to pay for
       | everything from my monthly rent to clothing stores (which don't
       | have a credit card terminal) to random ecommerce websites.
       | ACH/Wires and Canada's Interac e-Transfer system seem archaic in
       | comparison, and rampant with fraud (I still get fake texts about
       | e-Transfers to my Canadian voip number weekly, and I still find
       | the US system of wiring money ridiculously slow).
        
         | oblio wrote:
         | These things are even more glaring for us, in Eastern Europe.
         | 
         | A lot of people go: they're so much richer than us, why don't
         | they have space lasers and flying cars and instant bank
         | transfers now???
         | 
         | I guess at the end of the day we remember we're all only human,
         | after all :-)
        
         | djmips wrote:
         | Counterpoint. I use Interac e-Transfer all the time. Zero
         | problems. No spam. No fraud. Works fast. There is auto-deposit
         | now so it's even more frictionless than before and it's sped up
         | to essentially instant on regular purchases. And yes, I pay my
         | rent with e-Transfer.
        
           | srhngpr wrote:
           | Agreed and it's free across all banks, and some have even
           | raised daily transfer limits to $7000 or more. It's also one
           | of the easiest and fastest no-fee methods to transfer money
           | into crypto exchanges/platforms in Canada.
        
             | moberley wrote:
             | It is not free with all participating institutions in the
             | Interac system. At the credit union I use they charge a
             | transaction fee for e-transfers.
        
       | captn3m0 wrote:
       | Fun Fact: UPI also allows certain other interesting kinds of
       | transactions based on "special VPAs". These include:
       | 
       | - IFSC code and account number combination, resolved directly by
       | NPCI, is represented as account-no@ifsc-code.ifsc.npci (e.g.
       | 12345@HDFC0000001.ifsc.npci)
       | 
       | - RuPay card number, resolved directly by NPCI, is represented as
       | card-no@rupay.npci (e.g. 1234123412341234@rupay.npci)
       | 
       | The following were proposed, but didn't take off
       | 
       | - Aadhaar number, resolved directly by NPCI using existing
       | Aadhaar to bank mapper, is represented as aadhaar-no@aadhaar.npci
       | (e.g. 234567890123@aadhaar.npci)
       | 
       | - Mobile number, resolved directly by NPCI using proposed mobile
       | to account mapper, is represented as mobile-no@mobile.npci (e.g.
       | 9800011111@mobile.npci). Instead of this, many PSPs (PhonePe/BHIM
       | most notably) ended up using mobilenumber@psp by default because
       | of the usability benefit, and this "centralized mobile mapper"
       | was never built afaik.
       | 
       | The following are implemented at some banks:
       | 
       | - When bank itself is the PSP, any account identifier, resolved
       | directly by bank as the PSP, is represented as account-id@bank-
       | psp-code (e.g. 12345678@icici)
       | 
       | - A one time or time/amount limited tokens issued by a PSP,
       | resolved directly by that PSP, is represented as token@psp-code
       | (e.g. ot123456@mypsp)
       | 
       | PPIs (Prepaid Payment Instrument - wallets in India) were added
       | to the UPI system quite late, but there's very few who've
       | actually started working. This was also in the original plan:
       | 
       | - A PPI provider issued card number, resolved directly by PPI
       | provider, is represented as ppi-card-no@ppi-psp-code (e.g.
       | 000012346789@myppi)
       | 
       | There's also some credit card providers that let you pay off your
       | card by using a special VPA (cardnumber@card-issuer). See
       | https://www.wishfin.com/credit-card-payment/how-to-pay-credi...
       | for a list of supported issuers. Unfortunately, this makes
       | compliance a huge hassle because every one must treat VPAs as
       | hazardous (because they can now contain complete card numbers).
       | 
       | Scroll to page 20 for the complete list:
       | https://www.mygov.in/digidhan/pages/pdf/sbi/NPCI%20Unified%2...
        
         | vickychijwani wrote:
         | > Mobile number, resolved directly by NPCI using proposed
         | mobile to account mapper, is represented as mobile-
         | no@mobile.npci (e.g. 9800011111@mobile.npci). Instead of this,
         | many PSPs (PhonePe/BHIM most notably) ended up using
         | mobilenumber@psp by default because of the usability benefit,
         | and this "centralized mobile mapper" was never built afaik.
         | 
         | There's been a recent development on this front: interoperable
         | mobile number payments are coming to UPI in the next few
         | months. The special VPA format for it is mobile-no@mapper.npci.
         | 
         | Ref: https://www.npci.org.in/PDF/npci/upi/circular/2021/NPCI-
         | UPI-...
        
         | vishnugupta wrote:
         | This is a very useful list.
         | 
         | I recently found out that every FASTAG (highway toll payments)
         | has its own VPA handle for convenient top-us.
         | 
         | https://www.npci.org.in/PDF/npci/netc/Bank-UPI-Handels.pdf
        
           | captn3m0 wrote:
           | Oh yeah, forgot about this! NETC is also linked closly with
           | UPI now. netc.vehiclenumber@bankupihandle
        
       | AJRF wrote:
       | I am a complete noob when it comes to this stuff, so forgive my
       | ignorance, but doesn't the U.K already have all of these things?
       | Is it a global leader in payments/banking/fintech or is the US
       | just so far behind the rest of the world?
        
       | 2ion wrote:
       | Interesting idea, but banks block this. My German bank until
       | recently offered SEPA "instant" bank transfers, which make the
       | cash appear on the receiver's end if both the sending and
       | receiving bank support instant payments, for free. Recently they
       | set the cost of instant payments to 1EUR per transaction, without
       | guarantees that it will complete as an instant transaction
       | (depending on the receiver's side). Nobody will pay that money
       | without the guarantee that the service bought is also rendered as
       | such. On the web, waiting until the next clearing window
       | completes, or the next bank business day, is not a payment option
       | and has impact on the supply chain (when the merchant is
       | confident enough to start the shipping process depends on if he
       | has payment guarantee or not).
        
       | thweorui234 wrote:
       | +1 for UPI.
       | 
       | However, UPI is not "open" in the true sense (you can't have an
       | app running on linux or AOSP for instance). It's locked to
       | certain apps, which apparently need license from GOI. The whole
       | Indian banking system is also too reliant on SMS + TOTP.
       | 
       | That UPI locks people to US proprietary systems, while GOI also
       | has been making noises on tech monopolies, is apparently an irony
       | not apparent the babucracy.
        
         | vickychijwani wrote:
         | What "US proprietary systems" does UPI lock people into,
         | exactly?
         | 
         | The number of available UPI apps today exceeds 100. Some of the
         | big ones are created by US companies, sure, but many are
         | created by Indian/non-US-owned companies. There is no lock-in
         | though.
         | 
         | Also, UPI is not on Windows/MacOS either, so it's not correct
         | to infer that it's "not open" simply because it doesn't run on
         | Linux. It was designed from the start to be a mobile payment
         | system, and there are good reasons for that (more on this
         | below).
         | 
         | The reason it doesn't work on AOSP is, I presume, due to
         | security concerns related to rooting (similar to why it doesn't
         | work on older known-insecure versions of Android/iOS). The
         | security/fraud prevention mechanisms rely on proving that your
         | device has a SIM card with the phone number linked to your bank
         | account - and the same phone number is tied to your identity
         | via Aadhaar. These guarantees are presumably much
         | harder/costlier to ensure on such devices.
         | 
         | EDIT to add: There is also an economic angle here: the above
         | description of reliable, low-cost KYC in UPI also reduces the
         | cost of operating the network (both directly by simplifying
         | KYC, and indirectly by making fraud harder).
         | 
         | Source: I work on a UPI app (although I am by no means a
         | security expert).
        
       | elric wrote:
       | The article is factually incorrect when it talks about "SEPA
       | payments", claiming they are a "pull" mechanism. What it probably
       | meant to talk about, is SEPA Direct Debits -- where the
       | counterpart charges your account, as opposed to you paying the
       | counterpart. Given that these direct debit agreements are
       | revokable at any point in time, I doubt the claims of very high
       | fraud rate.
       | 
       | A normal SEPA payment, is a "push" affair. These have (for all
       | intents and purposes, though not technically) been a thing ever
       | since the euro was introduced, whereas SEPA Direct Debit is more
       | recent, replacing many of the existing domestic direct debit
       | schemes.
       | 
       | Then there's the Instant Payments bit: these are a thing but
       | they're not used all that often (yet?). Most banks charge a hefty
       | fee for an instant payment (mine charges EUR1.25). Some banks
       | don't offer them at all. Adoption will grow and costs will
       | decrease over time.
       | 
       | In most countries, payments within the same bank have been
       | instant (and free) for a very long time. This is one of the
       | reasons why many companies have accounts with multiple banks.
       | 
       | I'm sure some "weaker" european countries may have laxer fraud
       | controls, but that's a temporary problem. ECB reporting is quite
       | strict, and most banks do take fraud detection very seriously.
       | Reputation is important for a bank, and if you're a truly
       | disreputable bank you'll soon find yourself without friendly
       | correspondent banks. Then you'll have a choice: fix your fraud
       | problems, or become a useless island.
        
         | vesinisa wrote:
         | > Most banks charge a hefty fee for an instant payment (mine
         | charges EUR1.25).
         | 
         | Interesting. In my country (Finland) all banks that have joined
         | the TIPS (SEPA Instant Settlement) always use it automatically
         | if the destination bank supports it as well - at no extra
         | charge to the account holder of course. Are you sure you are
         | talking about TIPS / SCT Inst payments? Either way, your bank
         | is not allowed to charge _extra_ fees for cross-border SEPA
         | transfers (as compared to domestic.)
        
           | ThrowAwayIRUK wrote:
           | Interesting!
           | 
           | So, TIPS is just one of the available clearing mechanisms
           | available for the SEPA Inst scheme. (The other one is RT1,
           | which is live a little bit longer)
           | 
           | Currently, there is no "regulatory forced" interoperability
           | between RT1 and TIPS, though the 4CB are discussing it. (Esp.
           | since RT1 is a private clearing mechanism, while TIPS is the
           | one operated by the 4CB)
           | 
           | And, regarding fee: You are wrong - depending on the local
           | jurisdiction (esp. consumer rights), a bank may for sure
           | charge for processing SEPA SCT Instant messages. Over here,
           | SEPA Instant transactions are around 0,50EUR - 1,00EUR,
           | currently; some are also offering them for free.
           | 
           | DISCLAIMER: Lead Payment Engineer at an European Challenger
           | Bank, i'm implementing that stuff in the backend, i'm mainly
           | talking to our central bank.
        
             | AnssiH wrote:
             | > And, regarding fee: You are wrong - depending on the
             | local jurisdiction (esp. consumer rights), a bank may for
             | sure charge for processing SEPA SCT Instant messages.
             | 
             | They didn't say that banks cannot charge for SCT Instant.
             | 
             | They said that banks can't charge more for international
             | than they do for domestic.
        
               | ThrowAwayIRUK wrote:
               | Then, your "universal sentence" is not matching, since
               | you didn't mention the transfer way:
               | 
               | for sure i can charge you more for a SWIFT or T2 EU-
               | transaction than i do for a SEPA EU-transaction.
        
           | sofixa wrote:
           | Yep. Entirely depends on the bank - in France neobanks ( e.g.
           | Boursorama, Aumax, Fortuneo, N26 ) have them for free, while
           | old banks usually charge you a small fee.
        
             | Semaphor wrote:
             | Huh. N26 in Germany charges me for instant payments.
        
             | hocuspocus wrote:
             | Boursorama and Fortuneo aren't neobanks ;)
        
               | sofixa wrote:
               | Kind of. They're newer than the old classical ones, and
               | don't have a physical retail network. Everything is done
               | via a website or app.
        
           | newaccount74 wrote:
           | It depends on your bank. My Austrian bank charges a
           | ridiculous fee of 8EUR for an instant SEPA transfer.
        
         | AniseAbyss wrote:
         | The only very high fraud rate I ever hear about are credit
         | cards. And that happens because Visacard just washes their
         | hands from it leaving merchants holding the bag.
         | 
         | With SEPA payments fraud would cost the banks money so any
         | company abusing it would be blacklisted.
        
         | zimbatm wrote:
         | And with 2.0 banks like Monzo, the account holder gets notified
         | of the Direct Debit setup, how much is likely to be debited,
         | and can easily cancel it from the app. That reduces the risk of
         | fraud quite a lot.
         | 
         | In exchange, it saves a lot of time both for the customer and
         | utility provider as the risks of mistakes are reduced
         | considerably. Invoices get paid on time.
        
           | dogma1138 wrote:
           | With HSBC it's the same, with the added security of a TUN
           | code that is generated with a physical token for bank
           | transfers.
           | 
           | That said canceling a direct debit on your end even if it's
           | fraudulent isn't something you should do as it can wreck your
           | credit score in the UK since you'll be in debt and depending
           | on the account it can show up as a missed payment immediately
           | even before it going to debt collector/judgement.
           | 
           | If there is a fraudulent transaction you have to contact the
           | bank and file a claim.
        
         | sildur wrote:
         | Revolut offers free SEPA instant payments.
        
         | kristianc wrote:
         | Not much of this applies to the UK. Faster Payments are almost
         | ubiquitous here, and Authorized Push Payment fraud is a huge
         | problem.
        
           | tialaramex wrote:
           | Faster Payments is the law in the UK, normal high street
           | banks have to provide Faster Payments on ordinary current
           | accounts. The banks actually shipped it without a working
           | backend, I don't know if they completed it afterwards but
           | initially it's just trust, Alice's bank tells Bob's bank she
           | sent Bob PS100 and Bob's bank do the database update and
           | trust Alice's bank is good for the money later.
           | 
           | Push Payment fraud presumably subsided enormously after they
           | changed the rules so it's interactive. Now you provide
           | account number and name, the banks algorithmically decide if
           | the name you provided is correct and if not tell the sender
           | there is a problem. So push fraudsters need a fake account
           | name and that's harder. Passing KYC checks for some random
           | mule is do-able but good luck persuading the bank your name
           | is Big Corp Electricity so that the push fraud works.
        
         | leokennis wrote:
         | In The Netherlands, over 90% of all domestic payments initiated
         | by "regular people" are SEPA Instant Payments, meaning booked
         | on the other persons account no matter their bank within 5
         | seconds.
         | 
         | They're free to send and receive.
         | 
         | Source: I worked on implementing Instant Payments at the
         | biggest Dutch bank.
        
         | sofixa wrote:
         | It's even worse than that in terms of correctness, because the
         | author confuses the EU ( economic and political bloc), Europe (
         | the continent) and the eurozone ( countries in a monetary union
         | with the single currency, euro). SEPA is a thing for euro-
         | denominated transfers in the EU and some extra countries ( UK,
         | Norway, etc.).
         | 
         | Belarus, a country in Europe, but outside the EU and eurozone,
         | aren't in SEPA . Romania, inside the EU but not in the
         | eurozone, are in SEPA. Montenegro are outside of the EU and
         | eurozone, use the euro, but aren't in SEPA.
        
           | pell wrote:
           | The stories of the Euro as the main currency in Montenegro
           | and Kosovo (which both don't belong to the Eurozone) are very
           | interesting:
           | 
           | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegro_and_the_euro
           | 
           | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosovo_and_the_euro
        
         | t0mas88 wrote:
         | The fee on instant transactions is really country specific.
         | Netherlands doesn't have fees and banks automatically pick the
         | instant option if available. I've heard similar things from for
         | example the nordics.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | jkirsteins wrote:
         | I think it's less "factually incorrect" and more "nuanced and
         | incomplete".
         | 
         | As a European that moved between countries, I was very
         | surprised when I learned that SEPA allows a "pull" mechanism
         | even exists. I lived 30 years in Latvia without knowing this is
         | a feature in SEPA because every single payment is a "push"
         | mechanism. I'm not sure if banks can turn this feature off, or
         | if it just culturally never gained traction.
         | 
         | On the other hand, payments via banks are fairly widespread
         | C2B, because every bank offers a (custom and horrible) API that
         | merchants can implement. So users can authenticate directly
         | with their bank as if it were PayPal, and authorize a SEPA
         | payment to the merchant's bank account.
         | 
         | In fact, services that care about user identity, will often use
         | these bank APIs to perform authentication with a high degree of
         | confidence about the received user information.
         | 
         | Then I moved to France, and every bank interaction is "pull"
         | based. While friction in Latvia came from authenticating before
         | initiating the "push", in France the friction comes from
         | agreeing to direct debiting, and signing various authorization
         | slips. Sometimes electronically, but sometimes you have to send
         | them by mail before you can start paying for a long-running
         | service by bank (this makes it very undesirable for one-off
         | purchases. In fact it is so cumbersome, that I prefer to pay
         | for many services by credit card every month)
         | 
         | > I doubt the claims of very high fraud rate.
         | 
         | If I provide my account number to a service provider, they can
         | debit it without me explicitly authorizing them (I have to sign
         | an authorization usually, but there's nothing "technically"
         | blocking the counterparty). I suppose that could lead to high
         | fraud rates.
        
           | ThrowAwayIRUK wrote:
           | SEPA has 4 message types, currently:
           | 
           | - PUSH: - SCT Standard - SCT Instant
           | 
           | - PULL: - SDD Core - SDD B2B
           | 
           | As a bank, you are not forced to support all of them; also,
           | it depends on the local consumer behaviour: in some
           | countries, pull mechanisms are not that widely accepted
           | 
           | DISCLAIMER: Lead Payment Engineer at an European Challenger
           | Bank, i'm implementing that stuff in the backend, i'm mainly
           | talking to our central bank.
        
           | AnssiH wrote:
           | > I'm not sure if banks can turn this feature off, or if it
           | just culturally never gained traction.
           | 
           | Yes, the accounts in my bank (in Finland) default to SEPA
           | Direct Debit off.
           | 
           | For recurring utility payments etc. we instead use Finvoice
           | e-invoicing (https://www.finanssiala.fi/en/topics/finvoice-
           | standard/). The customer enables e-invoices on a per-issuer
           | basis directly from their bank web interface, with an option
           | for auto-pay and payment limits. The payments are processed
           | as regular SEPA payments. The e-invoice goes directly to
           | customer's bank, replacing paper/e-mail invoices.
           | 
           | For paying one-time online purchases the user is redirected
           | to their bank to authorize a one-time SEPA transfer (other
           | non-SEPA payment methods like cards and MobilePay are common,
           | too).
        
           | mdp2021 wrote:
           | > _if banks can turn this feature off_
           | 
           | You have to demand it. (Some of them will propose their
           | solution.)
           | 
           | > _if it just culturally never gained traction._
           | 
           | Very few people have read the PSD2 directive. (This friend of
           | mine met a bank consultant who mixed it with a gaming
           | console.)
        
             | BlueTemplar wrote:
             | Yeah, lol, I remember when SEPA pull first came around
             | about half a decade ago, and how many months later, I had
             | to explain to my own bank how they were supposed to give me
             | whitelist and/or blacklist options for the pullers. They
             | claimed never have heard about it, while that directive was
             | only a couple of pages long and readable by someone that
             | didn't knew about any technical banking details !
        
           | brnt wrote:
           | If you like pull transfers, try the Netherlands. I was
           | surprised at the low number of businesses offering it in
           | France. In the NL, with nearly every recurring payment,
           | including government, they are almost always the only way to
           | pay: setting them up with an accord to direct debit your
           | account.
        
             | jacquesm wrote:
             | Government payments in the Netherlands can be done in
             | installments using direct payments, but the direct debit
             | ones are the easiest and that is why many people use them.
             | Far less chance of missing a payment. But if you want to do
             | it yourself for every payment you can. Better not miss any
             | though.
        
               | brnt wrote:
               | _If_ you get your salary on/before the 25th. Because
               | changing the invoice date is almost never possible, and
               | government agencies are even explicit about that.
        
               | jacquesm wrote:
               | If you live that close to zero you have other problems. I
               | would highly recommend reviewing your finances in great
               | detail to figure out how you are going to create a small
               | buffer.
        
               | brnt wrote:
               | Or, you know, your employer doesn't pay you the 25th.
               | 
               | But explaining anything outside of the typically Dutch
               | circumstances is an unfortunate part of life for the not
               | typically Dutch in the Netherlands. Its a deeply cultural
               | thing, this extreme hang towards conformation to a
               | defacto 'normal'.
               | 
               | FYI: millions of Dutch have these kinds of problems. Look
               | up the working poor, its a big group there. IMHO all
               | native Dutch should be forced a few weeks internship with
               | a budget council service, there are so many incorrect
               | preconceptions about poverty. Including who it hits,
               | which definitely includes people who thought they could
               | never possibly be hit, did their finances right, etc.
        
               | BlueTemplar wrote:
               | I do but I still don't like having large changes in my
               | "live" account. So I have an agreement with my landlord
               | that I only pay around the 8th, _after_ all the money
               | came in. (Via programmed to repeat SEPA push, have to
               | remember to change it every spring when the rent
               | increases.)
        
           | jacquesm wrote:
           | SEPA 'pull', aka merchant initiated transfers require a one
           | time authorization, repeat debits require a one time
           | authorization for the first payment and can be re-run
           | afterwards (used for subscriptions), and can be revoked up to
           | 90 days after the payment was done.
        
             | Semaphor wrote:
             | Were old transactions grandfathered in, or did Germany
             | implement the laws differently? Because I never had to do
             | any authorization besides checking a box that I allow them
             | to debit my account (either on paper or online). All my
             | existing ones predate PSD2, though.
        
               | grncdr wrote:
               | I'm fairly certain that SEPA mandate identifiers for
               | recurring direct debits existed for years before PSD2.
               | the way it works from the merchant perspective is you
               | include the mandate identifier and a "type" to indicate
               | if this is a first/recurring debit. The merchant only
               | finds out about any problems some days (or months) later.
               | 
               | How your bank presents (or doesn't present) a new SEPA
               | mandate to you for approval is up to them. I'd guess that
               | at least some of them never show you anything, and assume
               | that you will notice and revoke the payment if it was
               | unexpected or fraudulent.
        
               | Semaphor wrote:
               | Neither Postbank, N26, nor the 2 Sparkasse branches I've
               | been a customer of ever showed me anything for approval,
               | so I guess it's not very common.
        
             | mdp2021 wrote:
             | > _a one time authorization_
             | 
             | Yes, but how well defined, or how loose, is that
             | "authorization"?
        
               | elric wrote:
               | The account owner can control the frequency and the
               | maximum amount per period. It's not the case that some
               | random entity can just grab all your money.
        
               | mdp2021 wrote:
               | > _The account owner can control_
               | 
               | Unfortunately, that depends on the implementation of
               | security the bank adopted. I assume you are mentioning a
               | detail in the PSD2 directive. The banks, especially after
               | national legislation following the directive, may adapt
               | but not overlap it.
               | 
               | Take as an example the rule in the directive, that NFC
               | based payments should require PIN based confirmation
               | every five transactions: not all banks implemented this.
        
               | jacquesm wrote:
               | With my bank that requires me to use a device they sent
               | me (a hardware token), my bank card, my pin and a
               | secondary authorization where I use the hardware token to
               | process a challenge and then type in the response.
        
               | ErrantX wrote:
               | Pretty good now; the legislation mandates multi-factor
               | authentication by the issuing bank. So customer has to
               | prove presence directly with their bank to authorise the
               | payment.
               | 
               | There is also dynamic linking (ie you are shown the
               | amount but also a unique code that the payment requestor
               | also showed you) so you are confident it is the same
               | transaction.
        
           | narag wrote:
           | _In fact it is so cumbersome, that I prefer to pay for many
           | services by credit card every month)_
           | 
           | Phone and the gym are the only services that I do _not_ pay
           | by card, but not even by my choosing. Netflix gave me no
           | option. Utilities are bulk included with the rent (transfer)
           | so yeah, just those two.
           | 
           | Oh and I know the card number and codes by heart in case I
           | need to buy anything. Verification is done by SMS.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | grncdr wrote:
         | > Given that these direct debit agreements are revokable at any
         | point in time, I doubt the claims of very high fraud rate.
         | 
         | I think the claim is that because SEPA direct debits can be
         | revoked within a very long window after settlement, it's more
         | common that payments are revoked after goods/services have been
         | provided (leaving businesses holding the bag). Whether this
         | fits the precise definition of fraud I'm not sure, the payment
         | _was_ valid and successful, but later reversed. It would be a
         | more interesting claim if there were some empirical comparisons
         | included, but it certainly matches my experience.
         | 
         | Edited to add: another common form of fraud is somebody
         | providing legitimate bank details of an unwitting victim. At
         | least for some banks in Germany, the bank does not actually
         | enforce authorisation from the account holder when a new direct
         | debit mandate is introduced. The fraudster receives
         | goods/services for free as long as the victim doesn't notice
         | the charges.
        
         | Bombthecat wrote:
         | And here is a life pro tip: if you struggle to get end a
         | contract, even though you are right. Just tell them you will
         | talk to the bank and remove the mandate for sepa from your
         | account. Doing this isn't an issue. But, if it happens to
         | often, it will rise a fraud flag at the bank, firms usually try
         | to avoid that :)
         | 
         | Did that two times already. They act real quick, out of a
         | sudden :)
        
         | MilaM wrote:
         | Because the rules governing SEPA Direct Debits are very
         | consumer friendly, it might be somewhat risky for businesses to
         | use this payment method. To keep fraud at check as a creditor,
         | you have to do some due diligence like checking credit scores
         | or know your customer very well.
         | 
         | From the consumers perspective though, at least where I live,
         | direct debit is regarded as a secure and convenient method for
         | recurring payments. A consumer can revoke a fraudulent payment
         | within 8 weeks. It's as easy as clicking a button in your
         | online banking. If the counterparty can not prove that it was
         | explicitly authorized by the consumer to make SEPA Direct
         | Debits, the payment can be revoked for up to 13 months.
        
           | ThrowAwayIRUK wrote:
           | SEPA SDD Core has one big advantage for (trustworthy)
           | customers of a merchant:
           | 
           | it's fucking cheap for the merchant :-)
           | 
           | and with cheap, i mean, reeeeeaaalllyyyy cheap (well,
           | depending on your PSP/etc.)
           | 
           | for a bank, the "purchasing costs" per one SEPA SDD at your
           | central bank is in the fractions of the fractions of a cent.
           | (you can check the rates on your local central bank website)
        
         | ThrowAwayIRUK wrote:
         | Not really:
         | 
         | SEPA has several message types:
         | 
         | - SCT Standard is a push - SCT Inst is a push - SDD Core is a
         | pull - SDD B2B is a pull
        
         | hyperman1 wrote:
         | I'd have to agree. Everything in the article about Europe is
         | technically correct, but it is such a small slice of the SEPA
         | payments. The article is so misleading it might as well be
         | wrong.
         | 
         | I make payments to the benelux, france, germany, spain and
         | poland, and they go all over the push mechanism. Direct debit
         | is for utilities, and that's about it.
         | 
         | For fraud, my bank provides a gui with active agreements. While
         | I can't cancel an agreement there, I can set a maximum
         | frequency and amount. I put them at once per year max 0.0001
         | Euro until they get removed.
         | 
         | Non recurring payments over direct debit (Or even worse Clarna)
         | is an instant no. I take another payment method. If grabbing
         | money from my bank without my control is the only option,
         | that's a red flag. I consider the company sleazy enough to go
         | find a competitor, even if it raises the cost.
        
           | kwhitefoot wrote:
           | My bank in Norway (SBanken, formerly Skandia Bank) allows me
           | to specify a maximum amount that any creditor can ask for per
           | month when using the equivalent of direct debits (and I also
           | get notified in advance of every payment so that I can cancel
           | either the individual payment or the whole agreement if I
           | wish. This is all done via the web or app and takes effect
           | immediately, no need to ask anyone at the bank to do
           | anything. Here it is called AvtaleGiro.
        
             | kentrf wrote:
             | <<AvtaleGiro>> is such a time saver. Utilities,
             | electricity, internet, road tax, insurance and almost all
             | kinds of recurring payments happens automatically and
             | electronically.
        
               | [deleted]
        
           | l33tman wrote:
           | Klarna has been aggressive in trying to push consumers into
           | acknowledging Klarna to pull from their accounts lately.
           | People are used to Klarna here (Sweden), with their "pay on
           | invoice in 14 days for no additional fee" since long, but now
           | they're trying to leverage that into getting customers setup
           | with their bank accounts. Of course they are not going to use
           | this to explicitly steal from customers but still you wonder
           | what can go wrong giving other entities this access..
        
             | Findecanor wrote:
             | I would not trust Klarna for anything.
             | 
             | Klarna's use of dark patterns on the web for leading people
             | into debt over choosing other payment methods has been
             | outlawed in Sweden, but I've read that they have continued
             | doing it in other countries.
        
               | isbvhodnvemrwvn wrote:
               | Quite frankly the practice of requiring bank credentials
               | from consumers should be entirely banned via some laws.
               | It pries on gullible people.
        
           | Hamuko wrote:
           | > _Direct debit is for utilities, and that 's about it._
           | 
           | I think the only party that can draw money directly from my
           | bank account is my bank itself for my mortgage. For
           | everything else, I have e-invoices, where the invoice comes
           | directly to my bank account, so I receive a paper invoice
           | maybe once a year from somewhere. And for e-invoices I can
           | just set auto-accept limits, so any phone bill that is less
           | than 10EUR will get automatically accepted and for any phone
           | bills greater than 10EUR, I need to manually accept it on my
           | bank's website/app.
           | 
           | Actually, I have SEPA Direct Debit disabled on my bank
           | account settings now that I checked it, so I guess I've never
           | used it. I guess my bank just has direct access anyways for
           | mortgage payments.
        
           | ThrowAwayIRUK wrote:
           | Not correct:
           | 
           | SEPA SDD Core + SDD B2B are working crossborder; though
           | you're right that these are not deployed regularly/seldom.
           | 
           | DISCLAIMER: Lead Payment Engineer at an European Challenger
           | Bank, i'm implementing that stuff in the backend, i'm mainly
           | talking to our central bank.
        
           | Semaphor wrote:
           | > Direct debit is for utilities, and that's about it.
           | 
           | Here in Germany, bigger online stores offered it as well. I
           | used to use it for Amazon several years ago.
        
           | odiroot wrote:
           | > I make payments to the benelux, france, germany, spain and
           | poland, and they go all over the push mechanism. Direct debit
           | is for utilities, and that's about it.
           | 
           | SEPA direct debit is a really really popular thing in
           | Germany. Most utilities prefer (quite understandably) to pull
           | from you instead of waiting for your transfer. Even landlords
           | usually give you an agreement form to pull your rent out of
           | your account.
           | 
           | I got used to that and recently tried to use a Polish bank
           | account to pay on Amazon and surprisingly it didn't work.
           | Amazon has sent me an automated email with a demand for a
           | (push) transfer, sadly with added fee for the trouble.
           | 
           | Most people in Poland actually do transfers manually, direct
           | debit is not really a thing. On the other hand there's this
           | BLIK thing for instant transfers, even across banks.
        
             | sc11 wrote:
             | > SEPA direct debit is a really really popular thing in
             | Germany. Most utilities prefer (quite understandably) to
             | pull from you instead of waiting for your transfer. Even
             | landlords usually give you an agreement form to pull your
             | rent out of your account.
             | 
             | Landlords benefit from it because it makes it harder for
             | your to lower your rent in case there are issues with the
             | place that warrant it. If they can withdraw the rent
             | directly, you'd have to undo that payment, pay the lowered
             | amount manually etc. which makes it more hassle for you and
             | also increases the risk of screwing up.
        
               | dtech wrote:
               | I'm not sure how it's with other banks, but on both my NL
               | banks revoking the permission is 2 clicks away. If there
               | is an issue that escalates to the need to partially
               | withhold payment, that is the least of your hurdles in NL
               | since you need to get permission from an independent
               | government commission.
        
               | ThrowAwayIRUK wrote:
               | Not exactly:
               | 
               | You could sign a contract with your landlord, then revoke
               | the so called "SEPA mandate" afterwards and you can
               | forcibly switch to "manual payment" each month, since the
               | SEPA mandate is not necessarily required or a "legally-
               | necessary intrinsic component of the contract" (check for
               | example: https://deutschesmietrecht.de/mietvertrag/662-mi
               | etzahlung-ei... )
               | 
               | Tough, depends on which type of relation you want to have
               | to your landlord ;-)
        
               | sc11 wrote:
               | True, that works as well.
               | 
               | Either way as a tenant it's best to do manual payments
               | (even if they're automated on your end) each month so
               | that lowering rent, if necessary, is straightforward.
        
             | miki123211 wrote:
             | I find Blik to be one of the best payment methods ever
             | invented.
             | 
             | It gives you a one-time-use 6-digit code that is valid for
             | no more than two minutes. When the code is given to a
             | merchant, either on line or in person, you get a popup with
             | the amount and merchant name which you need to manually
             | approve. You can give that code out over the phone to a
             | family member who's currently at the store buying things
             | for you, or to a child who's trying to get something for
             | themselves. This is extremely convenient while still being
             | secure, and it allows for secure payments on shared,
             | malware-infested computers.
             | 
             | Some online services also give you the option to remember
             | your device for future use. If you decide to do so, you
             | will get a notification the next time you're trying to pay
             | there, which you still need to approve. This is more
             | convenient than typing in a code, while still being as
             | secure.
             | 
             | This system is pretty resistant to fraud (you always need
             | to approve the amount in your banking app), while allowing
             | for irreversible payments, which merchants like.
        
             | isbvhodnvemrwvn wrote:
             | There are also some third parties which utilize the fact
             | that transfers within the same bank are instant - they have
             | bank accounts in all of those and a settlement system built
             | on top of that. You transfer the money to them, and then
             | they send a transfer directly from the bank of recipient.
             | It's nearly instant, but has some limits to it (several
             | thousand euros).
             | 
             | In fact it's quite jarring when you have companies try to
             | do something in Polish market and they don't do basic
             | research into payment methods.
             | 
             | Take for example Luxxotica - I was buying some glasses as a
             | gift yesterday, and they support two payment methods:
             | 
             | - card payment
             | 
             | - PayPal
             | 
             | Paypal hasn't been popular for years with all the other
             | alternatives, and many people are wary of using cards to
             | buy goods over the internet. In fact my card payment was
             | blocked (which essentially never happens in any other
             | methods) and I went to buy the glasses physically at a
             | reseller.
        
             | realityking wrote:
             | > I got used to that and recently tried to use a Polish
             | bank account to pay on Amazon and surprisingly it didn't
             | work. Amazon has sent me an automated email with a demand
             | for a (push) transfer, sadly with added fee for the
             | trouble.
             | 
             | That might be a function of Poland not being in the euro
             | zone. AFAIK SEPA Direct Debit is only for transfers in
             | Euro. Even if you tried to use a Euro bank account in
             | Poland, either your bank or Amazon might not have bothered
             | to implement it.
        
               | odiroot wrote:
               | Yep, I did use an EUR account. You may be right about the
               | lack of proper implementation.
        
               | antaviana wrote:
               | Did you have Marketplace charges? These are USD only.
               | 
               | When they launched the SEPA direct debit option a couple
               | years ago I tried it and the debit bounced back.
               | 
               | Eventually I did not have the need for marketplace
               | instances anymore, then I tried it again and it worked.
        
             | riedel wrote:
             | From what I know there is also a different reason for the
             | weirdnesses in Germany. Banks actually charged quite a lot
             | for online transactions from your bank card. German shops
             | are very cost sensitive here (why in many some time ago in
             | most places you could not pay with credit card). So what
             | they do is they use an intermediate that collects all those
             | signed mandates. It even worked fully offline like with
             | credit cards in the old days. It is crazy if you try to
             | read the terms and conditions on a standard supermarket
             | bill.
        
           | fxtentacle wrote:
           | Fully agree. In Germany we have a widely used push mechanism
           | (giropay) where you approve the online payment using an app
           | or a dedicated hardware device. It's instant, free for buyer
           | and seller, push, and requires explicit consent for each
           | transfer from the buyer.
           | 
           | It's supported by all major electronics stores. The only
           | exception is Amazon who will do a SEPA pull instead. But
           | there the bank grants you 6 weeks to cancel the deduction if
           | you want to.
        
             | ThrowAwayIRUK wrote:
             | Not correct:
             | 
             | Giropay does in fact include fees, though these are usually
             | covered by the seller. (check for example:
             | https://www.unternehmerportal.info/giropay/)
             | 
             | DISCLAIMER: Lead Payment Engineer at an European Challenger
             | Bank, i'm implementing that stuff in the backend, i'm
             | mainly talking to our central bank.
        
               | fxtentacle wrote:
               | I'm honestly surprised. I've been using it as the seller
               | with a Deutsche Bank business account for a few years now
               | and I never paid any per-transaction fees.
        
           | xioxox wrote:
           | Interestingly, some of the in-person debit card payments I
           | make from my German bank appear to work internally as direct
           | debits. They appear as "SEPA-ELV-LASTSCHRIFT" on statement.
           | Other card payments are just called "KARTENZAHLUNG".
           | Interestingly, the Lastschrift (direct debit) payments seem
           | reversible on my bank interface, so I could get the money
           | back (presumably invoking letters from the company and debt
           | collectors).
        
             | ThrowAwayIRUK wrote:
             | Depends on which card you have used and which scheme was
             | used to process;
             | 
             | In general, "double scheme cards" (MC + Maestro on one
             | card) should offer you the option to choose, while at the
             | POS, which scheme should be used; the thing is, the
             | merchant is not required to offer you this question, and
             | there is a "default scheme" on such cards. This means, in
             | cases the merchant does not ask you, the default scheme is
             | chosen, which is usually the one that brings in more fees
             | for the bank/PSP.
             | 
             | And: Depending on the contract between you and your bank,
             | it maybe that you couldn't revoke the "lastschrift", yes.
        
             | amaccuish wrote:
             | When using the girocard there's two ways the retailer can
             | take the amount. Either instantly, or using Lastschrift.
             | The latter is cheaper, but the retailer doesn't have the
             | guarantee that your account actually has sufficient balance
             | to pay. If I remember correctly, the latter method requires
             | you to sign the receipt.
        
               | ThrowAwayIRUK wrote:
               | Actually, in the first case, its not instantly take,
               | instead it is marked as a "abgesicherte laschrift", which
               | is equivalent to enter card+PIN, meaning you can't revoke
               | those. Though, sure you can, but it will end up with nice
               | discussions with your bank :)
        
               | KarlKemp wrote:
               | Yeah, that's where the fun algorithms trying to predict
               | reliability from the set of products you're buying comes
               | in...
               | 
               | It's getting rarer, though. The cost difference is
               | eroding and signing is too slow for supermarket checkout
               | lanes.
               | 
               | The tables have also turned and some retailers now earn
               | money from the banks for supplying their customers with
               | cash (i. e. you pay by card and get an extra x00 in
               | cash).
        
         | neom wrote:
         | Cazy how civilized the Canadian system is. You can whip open
         | your banking app, enter the email of anyone with a Canadian
         | bank account, link is generated, money is instintly deposited.
         | People basically use this for everything except regular debt
         | purchases (and even then, in instances that you forget your
         | wallet, non-chain stores will usually let you etransfer
         | someone). It's how I pay rent etc. No fees. It's been like this
         | for ~15 years
        
           | OJFord wrote:
           | So instead of 'which number do you want me to send your money
           | to' it's 'which email address do you want me to send your
           | money to'? Great?
        
             | moberley wrote:
             | The recipient token can also be a phone number capable of
             | receiving a text message.
        
               | OJFord wrote:
               | Sure fine, to be clear I meant bank account number -
               | using an email address (or phone number) isn't clearly
               | better to me (I think it's worse?) in any way, that's
               | all.
        
               | neom wrote:
               | Don't you need more than just an account number? Either
               | way yes, it's a lot easier to put someones email address
               | into a box and a number and hit send. I'd love to know
               | who you bank with that you can just give an account
               | number, no name etc and have the money move, in my 30
               | years of banking (Scotland, Canada, USA) I've never heard
               | of that.
        
         | ThrowAwayIRUK wrote:
         | >> ..In most countries, payments within the same bank have been
         | instant (and free).. <<
         | 
         | Which is quite simple: First, its internaly only an exchange of
         | liabilites in your balanace sheet.
         | 
         | Second, it does not involve any outgoing gateways/interfaces.
         | 
         | Third, if you are using a SaaS-corebanking-solution, those
         | types of transactions are usually excluded in your contract.
         | 
         | From that perspective, it is absolutely useful.
        
         | BlueTemplar wrote:
         | Also, in the case of push, depending on the bank it might take
         | two business days for the target account to be added as a push
         | option.
         | 
         | (So that you have time to notice that someone has breached your
         | account and stop them from emptying your accounts ?)
        
       | ErrantX wrote:
       | Odd not to touch on Open Banking and PSD2 in Europe; as that is
       | basically the future he is talking about.
       | 
       | In essence; financial institutions are legislated to add customer
       | friendly UX and fraud prevention on top of standard bank to bank
       | transfers. It's effectively a set of APIs that orchestrate it
       | all, with things like dynamic linking to the payment and secure
       | authentication rules for anti fraud.
       | 
       | The idea is for commercial offerings to build on top of the
       | standard APIs (for example, to offer bank transfers in
       | checkouts). In practice it's taking a bit to get off the ground -
       | but providers like Tink (sold to Visa for a lot of money) and
       | Truelayer and starting to get traction.
       | 
       | Australia and MENA region are heading down the same route.
       | 
       | https://www.openbanking.org.uk/
       | 
       | Edit; for clarity, SEPA was the early moves to normalise what the
       | European banks were doing from around 2008 onwards - and ended up
       | with PSD1 rationalising it. As others have said this blog mostly
       | only actually focuses on the direct debit element of SEPA not the
       | credit payment side.
        
         | ErrantX wrote:
         | Follow up; I've looked into UPI a bit more.
         | 
         | It's... Interesting.
         | 
         | I think it's basically solving a very widespread and local use
         | case - which is very low value transactions which are normally
         | done in cash. The AVG value of transactions look to be around
         | $2.
         | 
         | Anything of reasonable value (say $10 still tends to be card-
         | based. This makes sense; fees on cards make anything under $5
         | cost ineffective, plus you need relatively (to the margin)
         | costly hardware. Margin-based street sellers like those in
         | India can't afford the overhead.
         | 
         | Looking at the implementation; it's interesting there is very
         | little shared about fraud (I couldn't find any specific numbers
         | but based on lots of articles it seems widespread).
         | 
         | Low financial literacy coupled with a system that encourages
         | you to enter your PIN in various interfaces probably makes this
         | something you wouldn't allow high value transactions. Hence the
         | continued dominance of card networks.
         | 
         | If is neat though, although it feels like it's quite a local
         | use case.
        
         | anticristi wrote:
         | Cynical me reads this article as follows:
         | 
         | Shit! We promised investors that Stripe will be the sh*t, the
         | Global Payment Network. Now banks and regulators have woken up
         | and we are commoditised in India, Japan and EU. Sure hope
         | FedNow won't follow suit. Sorry VCs. Please exit Stripe before
         | it's too late.
        
           | ErrantX wrote:
           | I respect Patrick and his content/judgement. So Hanlon's
           | razor (and I don't mean that in a mean way to Patrick)
           | probably applies.
           | 
           | I assume there is a Stripe echo chamber which might explain
           | the focus (I've read several of his money articles and most
           | of them suffer from an incomplete picture).
           | 
           | Also; I'm not sure Stripe and Open Banking are incompatible.
           | Realistically it eases stripes integrations in the EU (Ive
           | not checked if they are a registered payments provider under
           | the legislation but I assume they must be).
           | 
           | In addition; the thing that springs out of this article is
           | how incompatible we are on a global scale. So there is a
           | market there for them.
           | 
           | In the end, SEPA for all it's faults drove European
           | standardisation. Global legislation on that scale is not
           | gonna happen (it's sort of a shame he didn't draw that
           | conclusion)
        
         | fredkelly wrote:
         | exactly. A2A payments are already here in the UK with Open
         | Banking rails and VRP/Sweeping coming in the next year (or so).
        
           | ErrantX wrote:
           | Post Brexit implementation of VRP has been "fun" but I am
           | pleased to see it nearly there!
        
       | markdog12 wrote:
       | Surprised Canada's Interac system was omitted from this post.
        
       | quelltext wrote:
       | > result in the recipient learning two things about the sender
       | (name and phone number, both of which are configurable at
       | transaction time)
       | 
       | The recipient of Japanese bank transfers only gets the name. The
       | phone number is only for the sending bank's side to reach out to
       | the sender in case the transfer failed. Particularly of
       | importance when you make transfers without owning an account at
       | the sending bank (not sure how common that feature is outside
       | Japan).
       | 
       | Also of note, the Zengin system actually allows additional
       | metadata in so-called EDI messages. However it's somewhat rare to
       | see this offered by interfaces, and so likely not generally
       | suitable. Here's one example: https://faq-
       | chibabank.dga.jp/faq_detail.html?id=31
       | 
       | > The Single Europe Payment Area (SEPA) offers free, instant
       | transactions between European banks. They're pull based
       | 
       | There are also push based SEPA transfers. Not that the article
       | claims there aren't, just seems incomplete to present only the
       | push based version for Japan (and not furikae and its challenges)
       | and only the pull based version for Europe.
        
       | otar wrote:
       | It's a no-brainer. Card processing fees are just too high (2.9% +
       | $0.3).
       | 
       | Account transfers bring more flexibility and convenience and
       | costs almost nothing.
        
         | m_km wrote:
         | Indian here. One thing you should remember is that UPI is free
         | (so far) because it is not a 'Credit' product yet. With a
         | credit card, someone is giving you a loan for x days and there
         | are costs associated with it - interest rates, default rates,
         | etc.
         | 
         | Of the 2.9% that Stripe (or any other processor) charges, a
         | majority of the fee goes to the credit card issuer, i.e. bank.
         | You probably chose to use a particular credit card because of
         | the rewards offered by that particular bank. So, practically, a
         | majority of the 2.9% fees goes to the issuing bank and a major
         | portion is returned as rewards to the credit card user, i.e.
         | the payer. Since the merchant, i.e. the seller, probably raised
         | the prices by ~3% in order to afford the processing fees and
         | credit card users get back most of it in rewards, people that
         | use any other mode of payment end-up paying extra for the same
         | product practically.
         | 
         | 'Credit' cards are going to cost money for the foreseeable
         | future. Issuing banks charge anywhere from 1.8% to 3% or higher
         | for processing credit their cards. Processors add a markup on
         | top of this fees to their merchants. 'Debit' cards issued by
         | the major banks on the other hand, cost less than 0.5% for the
         | processors. Stripe charges 2.9% for both debit as well as
         | credit cards, YES but their costs to them are not the same.
        
         | emodendroket wrote:
         | Well, are they really though? Sales taxes are more than twice
         | that where I live, and anyway I don't have to pay it directly.
        
         | cbg0 wrote:
         | You can probably get a volume discount on that 2.9% in the US.
         | In Europe, Stripe starts at 1.4% + $0.3 for charging European
         | cards.
        
           | ericcholis wrote:
           | You can DEFIANTLY get a volume discount from any credit card
           | processor based on volume. Typical large merchants are paying
           | Interchange Plus at a much lower rate than what's listed on
           | Stripe or Square. Interchange is the rate paid directly to
           | the card issuer and Visa/MC. Plus is paid to the merchant
           | account (Stripe).
           | 
           | The actual itemized fees inside of that Interchange fee are
           | mind boggling.
        
           | justincormack wrote:
           | Thats because the EU regulates fees.
        
         | charlieyu1 wrote:
         | If it could work, it would have worked three decades ago. Bank
         | transfers are just a pain in the ass. I still remember all the
         | fees I paid just to transfer money to another bank/another
         | country.
         | 
         | Cryptocurrency was considered a way to simplify the problem,
         | but probably didn't work in this aspect
        
           | KennyBlanken wrote:
           | Zelle payment transfers are painless, instantaneous, and
           | free. I can do it from my bank's app or online banking page.
           | Punch in the person's phone number or email, enter the
           | amount, done. They don't even have to accept the payment. And
           | nobody has to describe what the transaction was for; it's
           | highly private, beyond who the money came from / went to and
           | the amount.
           | 
           | The caveat is that the money transfer cannot be undone for
           | almost any reason. There's zero customer/purchase protection.
           | The Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, however, has
           | instructed banks that part of the Electronic Transfer Act
           | requires banks to refund people if the transfer was a result
           | of them being tricked into giving up their account details
           | (it's not clear if this means the money would be yoinked from
           | the recipient.)
           | 
           | I kind of would like the option to enable some sort of
           | confirmation and/or 2FA for a Zelle payment (mainly this
           | means disabling it via the website; my phone provides bio
           | 2FA), and confirmations for receiving a payment. Those are my
           | only complaints with the system.
           | 
           | But that means it can be trusted by people who want to know,
           | for certain, that they've been paid "for real." It's
           | instantly settled, unlike damn near every other form of money
           | transfer system where even if the money seems to be in your
           | account, there's still a days or WEEKS long delay until the
           | transaction can't be yoinked back.
           | 
           | This makes it great for if you're selling a car and about to
           | sign & hand over the title to the other person, for example.
        
             | krinchan wrote:
             | It's crazy how much Zelle has taken off in my area. Home
             | contractors. My barber. My family.
             | 
             | Also the etiquette that's emerged around using Zelle is
             | funny too. If I'm paying someone new, they'll normally have
             | me send $1 as a test to make sure we all have the right
             | contact info before sending the rest.
        
               | lotsofpulp wrote:
               | They should be able to request a payment instead of
               | sending $1. If I go into Bank of America's app, I see
               | "Send" "Request" and "Split" options.
               | 
               | I do not see these options on BoA's website though, which
               | is a dumb inconsistency.
        
               | krinchan wrote:
               | Yeah it's pretty inconsistent. I can request money
               | through USAA but my barber's bank doesn't let him
               | request, so he does the whole "Send $1" dance.
        
             | baby wrote:
             | I've used Zelle for years to pay my rent and it's a real
             | pain because you're limited to 2k a day. So I have to
             | spread payments on multiple days (I live in SF).
             | 
             | I miss Monzo.
        
             | mrb wrote:
             | The biggest problem with Zelle is the low limits. I cannot
             | send more than $2500/month. One time I paid a contractor
             | about this amount, and then, well, I couldn't use it for a
             | WHOLE month until the limit reset itself...
             | 
             | Very, very annoying. One of the many reasons I prefer
             | crypto currencies. No one restricts me about what I can do
             | with my money
        
               | Symbiote wrote:
               | For what it's worth, the limit on MobilePay in Denmark is
               | 15,000DKK/day, $2300.
               | 
               | Through the website, transfers with similar speed are
               | limited to 1,000,000DKK a day ($150k).
               | 
               | In person (showing identification at the bank) I don't
               | think there's a limit.
               | 
               | You will note the restrictions apply also to anyone who
               | has successfully stolen your credentials, or is holding
               | you at gunpoint, etc.
        
           | jacquesm wrote:
           | I'm in the lucky situation that locally I can transfer
           | instantaneously or nearly so across all of Europe and
           | internationally I use bitcoin for recipients in places where
           | banking fees are too high or the transfers too slow. It's a
           | good combination.
        
             | baby wrote:
             | Why not a stablecoin with lower fees?
        
               | jokethrowaway wrote:
               | Because you should be skeptical about their claims about
               | being backed by real money.
        
               | jacquesm wrote:
               | Because I'm more than a bit skeptical about all of the
               | groups jumping on the 'lets mint our own coin' bandwagon.
               | The number of stories of scam coins is large enough that
               | I'll take my chances with Bitcoin for the moment and see
               | which ones of the others survive over the longer term.
               | I'm also a bit allergic to being marketed to in the name
               | of the class of product, 'stable' has certain
               | associations that I don't think apply to any of the
               | crypto coins.
        
               | baby wrote:
               | Usdt sure, although it's working so far, but there's
               | plenty of legit stablecoin projects like usdc, or even
               | paxos (which is what novi is using). Why isn't stable
               | applying to these coins?
        
               | astrange wrote:
               | I sent $50 in USDC yesterday and was charged $9 in fees,
               | not counting the coinbase USD<>USDC fee which I think
               | existed since I used a debit card.
               | 
               | Legit crypto users[1] should let you pay with
               | TransferWise.
               | 
               | [1] ie online research chemical stores
        
               | Ekaros wrote:
               | How do stablecoins make money? That is how do they pay
               | for everything they do? It either has to be fees or some
               | sort of investment. And investments can always crash,
               | thus resulting loss of money...
        
               | yokem55 wrote:
               | Circle makes money on the yield they get from the
               | treasury bills they hold. If US treasury bills crash, the
               | stability of USDC will be the least of our worries.
        
           | yashg wrote:
           | India, a third world country has worked it out. Apart from
           | UPI, we have other bank transfer mechanism that doesn't
           | involve writing a check. There's RTGS (Real Time Gross
           | Settlement) for large payments. It's what we use when we buy
           | property or do large business transactions. There's NEFT
           | (National Electronic Fund Transfer) for instant transfers
           | upto INR 500K. There's IMPS (The underlying mechanism of UPI)
           | for instant transfers upto INR 100K.
           | 
           | Intra-bank transfers are always free and instant because bank
           | is just changing numbers on two accounts in the same
           | database.
           | 
           | It has been so easy to move money between banks in India that
           | we don't even think about it.
           | 
           | A decentralized system like crypto which uses pointless
           | proof-of-work to remove trust providing intermediaries are
           | just too slow, expensive and overall inefficient by design.
           | They won't work in real world.
        
             | baby wrote:
             | 1. India is a single country, cryptocurrencies are global
             | 
             | 2. Nobody uses proof of work anymore (besides bitcoin)
        
               | purple_turtle wrote:
               | > 2. Nobody uses proof of work anymore (besides bitcoin)
               | 
               | And Ethereum and...
        
           | Silhouette wrote:
           | I don't know about three decades ago but this type of payment
           | has been ubiquitous in the UK for at least two in the form of
           | Direct Debit and widespread across Europe for years now via
           | SEPA.
           | 
           | It is not just much cheaper than card payments, it is also
           | dramatically more reliable. If you lived in a parallel
           | universe where all of these payment methods had emerged at
           | once and you described a payment method so unreliable that
           | people would actually give a name to the hack of retrying
           | each failed charge automatically, they would think you were
           | joking.
           | 
           | Ironically, despite in theory having a more generous reversal
           | policy to protect consumers from fraud, these direct payment
           | methods are also much less likely to result in inappropriate
           | reversals that harm legitimate merchants, at least in our
           | experience. Perhaps this is because banks will typically only
           | reverse in cases of real fraud whereas card chargebacks are
           | widely abused to commit fraud themselves or applied
           | inappropriately as a blanket measure after an event like a
           | stolen or lost card, and the incentives favour granting the
           | refunds even if the customer just says for the flimsiest of
           | reasons that they want their money back.
        
           | thelittleone wrote:
           | This seems out of touch with modern offerings e.g. wise.com.
           | Easier than PayPal with none of the crazy bank transfer fees.
        
             | blntechie wrote:
             | Wise is too slow (especially for transactions involving the
             | US) and still expensive.
        
             | TedDoesntTalk wrote:
             | Wise fees are still too high for international transfers.
             | They are doing currency arbitrage to sweeten the deal they
             | get.
        
           | rasz wrote:
           | US? Bank transfers are couple clicks with zero fees in most
           | of Europe.
        
             | bserge wrote:
             | *EU, that's the point. Outside SEPA, people still use
             | SWIFT.
        
       | known wrote:
       | Payment method need an https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escrow to
       | scale
        
       | yyyk wrote:
       | >family fraud (child and parent disagree with respect to
       | desirability of purchasing the video game; bank backs parent;
       | video game seller loses out),
       | 
       | 'Fraud' is not a name for everything a seller doesn't like. This
       | can happen without any bad intent, and the seller lost nothing.
       | And frankly, if a video game seller didn't allow this type of
       | refunding, they'd have much less of a market.
        
       | emodendroket wrote:
       | > n the U.S., I expect bank transfers will struggle to see
       | general adoption as a payment method, even after the release of
       | FedNow, but who knows what will be built on top of them. Cards
       | are very popular and entrenched, and the economic model allows
       | them to outcompete free on price alone. New payment methods will
       | need to find something very interesting to offer to capture the
       | user's interest, and some participant in the transaction to pay
       | for it; Buy Now Pay Later had the interesting insight that some
       | businesses would happily underwrite their customers' use of
       | credit if someone else took the payment risk. Perhaps we'll see
       | similar experiments in applications using bank transfers as the
       | underlying payment rail but with more complicated economics split
       | creatively between the parties.
       | 
       | Well, yeah, the other thing is, what interest do I have in
       | letting the merchant get my funds directly without a middleman
       | who promises to step in in the case of fraud? I am quite happy to
       | continue paying with credit.
        
       | alkonaut wrote:
       | Another article describing what sounds like science fiction in
       | the US but is established in a lot of the rest of the world?
       | Perhaps I'm misunderstanding the article but when I purchase
       | stuff online the checkout options are "bank transfer", "credit
       | card" or "invoice", with the direct bank transfer often being the
       | default choice these days.
        
         | jokethrowaway wrote:
         | In which country and what are you buying?
         | 
         | In my experience (UK) the only services accepting bank
         | transfers are financial institutions (Coinbase, Revolut). Most
         | stores prefer to pay CC fees and have a smoother checkout
         | experience, probably to grab those extra % points of customer
         | converting. A lot of e-commerces online even offer Paypal (even
         | more ridiculous fees and infinite hassles for sellers) just
         | because it's more user friendly and can help conversions a bit
         | more.
         | 
         | A couple of years ago, I even opened 2 cash isa saving account
         | for 20k each paying by credit card because that was the only
         | option the bank accepted.
        
           | alkonaut wrote:
           | Sweden. And anything. The same seems to be the case when
           | buying from other Nordic retailers.
        
         | SonicTheSith wrote:
         | Close,
         | 
         | In Germany for example most German stores have the following
         | payment options:
         | 
         | 1 You get an invoice and transfer money before shipping 2
         | lastschrift - vendor pulls money directly from your bank 3
         | Invoice ( rechnungskauf) - you order, get the product together
         | with an invoice and you got 14days or 30days to pay. 4 Klarna 5
         | PayPal 6 Credit Card
         | 
         | Amazon for example send me an invoice once a month for all the
         | products I bought.
         | 
         | The Lastschrift 99 percent of the cases does not check
         | authenticity, since banks are required to get you the money
         | back in case of fraud, and since only German banks support
         | Lastschrift, the vendor using lastschrift will be also using a
         | German banks. This making unrecoverable fraud impossible.
         | 
         | And about option 3, package theft is no problem, since DHL
         | FedEx ups, etc. All require a signature and are not allowed to
         | leave the package on the door step. DHL brings the package to
         | the post office or neighbour if your not home. Of course you
         | can designated drop locations as well but they are not allowed
         | to be in plain sight e.g. put it in the shed or something.
         | Bigger problem is here that people use your name with a fake
         | address for purchases, and after the vendor contacts the police
         | they give them your address based on name. Don't know how often
         | it happens but it is not on scale to be scared off.
         | 
         | Oh and in case your login data for a shop gets stolem by
         | scammers, if they change the delivery address German stores
         | require that you reenter payment info to prevent fraud.
        
       | config_yml wrote:
       | In Switzerland, most (e-commerce) businesses allow to buy on
       | invoice, e.g. you just pay by providing your name and address. Is
       | this prevalent in other countries?
       | 
       | The shop usually provides 2-4 weeks of credit until that invoice
       | gets paid eventually.
       | 
       | There's a whole industry behind that, where businesses can sell
       | the risk to a third party and receive the money instantly by
       | paying a commission based on the risk assessment of the buying
       | party.
       | 
       | Is there a name for that?
        
         | pylon wrote:
         | How is fraud handled in this case? Name and address is
         | relatively easily accessible public info. Do they notify the
         | person that there is an invoice against them before they ship
         | the product?
        
       | homelessgolden wrote:
       | UPI has been truly revolutionary for me here (in a mid sized city
       | in India). I almost do not remember using Cash from the time the
       | Pandemic started. 5 Years ago if someone had told me I could live
       | Cash free for 18 months I would have thought that future is
       | decades away in here. One point I would like to add is the recent
       | changes with UPI Autopay have significantly reduced the friction
       | of recurring payments. It is not made completely friction less as
       | the India financial regulators believe that some friction in
       | recurring payments flow is better for consumers even if it is
       | worse for business.
        
       | lifeisstillgood wrote:
       | While I am by no means an expert, the implication of the article
       | is "worldwide all bank transactions do not include enough
       | metadata not enough auth security to make them machine
       | processable, and while you can usually guess, that's either a
       | liability or manual process(or both).
       | 
       | Basically across the globe, finance will benefit from the sort of
       | basic metadata an undergraduate would put in their first draft.
        
       | rognjen wrote:
       | In Southeast Asia, bank transfers as payment are part of the
       | norm.
       | 
       | On our platform much more than half of all payments use bank
       | transfers.
       | 
       | For Malaysia specifically this is facilitated by a nation-wide
       | provider in which all banks must participate.
       | 
       | Because of that payment gateways can just integrate with that
       | provider and not with individual banks.
       | 
       | The maximum fees are also set by the government. Transfers must
       | be free for GIRO clearing and are very low for instant clearing
       | and have been required to be waived since before covid.
       | 
       | The result of this is exceedingly positive in my opinion.
       | 
       | For instance one bank has a QR code that you can print (which
       | contains basically just the account number) and you can pay in
       | shops by scanning it. But besides that for random other things
       | people will accept bank transfers. For instance, plumbers, AC
       | repair, etc typically only take cash but in my experience will
       | accept a bank transfer.
        
         | rntksi wrote:
         | Southeast Asian resident here as well. We even pay shipping
         | fees by bank transfer to our motorcycle drivers (!). This is
         | like 0.5$ or 1$. Everyone has a bank account and transfers
         | happen instantly thanks to a free, 24/7 platform that all Banks
         | partake in.
        
       | spir wrote:
       | Let's adopt patio11's criteria to a programmable public
       | blockchain, like ethereum
       | 
       | - Customer UX: crypto wallets built into browsers and phones.
       | Connect your wallet to any webpage to pay. Or, tap your phone to
       | pay via a crypto payment
       | 
       | - Certainty: crypto transactions are, by default, instant and
       | irreversible. Any kind of chargeback scheme, refund policy, or
       | time-delay may be built into the crypto app layer
       | 
       | - Settlement time: per previous remark, crypto transactions
       | settle instantly on a global basis, unless a slower speed is
       | built into the app layer
       | 
       | - Reversibility: again, crypto transactions are irreversible by
       | default, and any kind of reversibility scheme or policy may be
       | built into the app layer
       | 
       | Doubters or critics of ethereum's ability to handle global-scale
       | payments may find the following items to be of interest:
       | 
       | - Scale: ethereum has adopted a rollup scaling architecture where
       | separate physical networks settle on ethereum. These separate
       | networks are known as rollups aka Layer-2s aka L2s aka execution
       | layers,. Some of the most important L2s are Arbitrum, Optimism,
       | StarkNet, zkSync 2.0, and Miden. These L2s will help grow
       | ethereum to billions of daily active users
       | 
       | - Cost: ethereum's rollups may be expected to be cheap enough for
       | everyone in the world, especially using a technology known as
       | "zero-knowledge rollups with off-chain data"
       | 
       | - Environmental impact: ethereum is five and a half years into a
       | six-year upgrade to completely eliminate any negative
       | environmental impact. Ie. Ethereum will stop using proof of work
       | mining
        
         | DenseComet wrote:
         | - Customer UX: This really isn't as straightforward as you put
         | it. The main issue for customers is that if they loose their
         | wallet, they loose everything. This has to be accounted as part
         | of UX, even making transactions is simple and straightforward.
         | 
         | - Settlement/Certainty time: Blockchains combine these into
         | one. They depends heavily on the specific chain. For some
         | networks, its basically instant. Eth seems to be around a
         | minute or so. Bitcoin is around 60 minutes.
         | 
         | - Reversibility: Agreed, although whether this is good or bad
         | depends on the user.
         | 
         | I like the way it was said in the article, these are all axes
         | of comparison. Consumers choose products based on a set of
         | criteria. For many, irreversibility or the risk of loosing
         | everything due to a lost wallet is a dealbreaker, even if
         | transfers may be much faster than other methods.
        
           | baby wrote:
           | > Customer UX: This really isn't as straightforward as you
           | put it. The main issue for customers is that if they loose
           | their wallet, they loose everything. This has to be accounted
           | as part of UX, even making transactions is simple and
           | straightforward.
           | 
           | At scale people will want to use custodians for large amounts
           | of money. So basically banks will always be a thing. Only the
           | backbone is changing.
        
         | xyzzy123 wrote:
         | Just to be clear for anyone not familiar with the space, poster
         | is describing the bright future of tomorrow, not the difficult
         | reality of today. So _right now_ an ETH withdrawal on Binance
         | costs ~ $20.
         | 
         | A lot of people have expressed the sentiment that "the GAS
         | price is too damn high". It is so high that interacting with
         | "useful" stuff like swap contracts or liquidity pools costs $50
         | - $100 per shot and lots of interesting use cases are shut out
         | because network fees render them uneconomic. It is sort of a
         | burning problem that leaves the ETH of today as a network
         | mainly for purists and whales.
         | 
         | I agree with parent that long term the future looks much
         | brighter.
        
         | purple_turtle wrote:
         | > - Environmental impact: ethereum is five and a half years
         | into a six-year upgrade to completely eliminate any negative
         | environmental impact. Ie. Ethereum will stop using proof of
         | work mining
         | 
         | Reduce, not eliminate. Maybe, maybe it would stop having
         | additional negative over regular money transfers but
         | "completely eliminate" requires magic (negating effects with
         | credible offsets is viable).
        
         | anchpop wrote:
         | You keep saying "instant", but in practice ethereum takes a few
         | minutes for finality and can only handle a maximum of 50 tps.
         | I'll grant that both of those may improve with as zk tech
         | matures, but even with rollups there's no way of having better
         | finality than ethereum, which is unlikely to ever be better
         | than 60s
        
           | everfree wrote:
           | In practice, rollups can offer better finality than
           | ethereum's base layer by using a bonding scheme. Basically, a
           | rollup provider can sign a message that says "I promise that
           | this transaction will become finalized, otherwise I forfeit
           | my bond." Depending on the implementation, the receipt of
           | that message can give the payment recipient pretty good
           | confidence that the transaction will be finalized. I believe
           | some rollup providers are either doing this already or
           | currently researching it.
        
       | Tepix wrote:
       | In Germany we have a bank transfer based system called Giropay.
       | 
       | As part of the purchase process after picking Giropay as the
       | payment method you get asked what bank you're at and then get
       | redirected to a special version of the bank site (for my bank it
       | is giropay.normal-bank-domain.de instead of the usual www.normal-
       | bank-domain.de) where you log in using 2FA etc as usual and
       | proceed with the bank transfer. Once you are finished you get
       | redirected back to the merchant. In the background, Giropay
       | confirms your payment with the merchant so that the merchant
       | knows she will receive the money soon.
       | 
       | I think it's a good system. Not all banks participate in it,
       | however.
        
       | jacquesm wrote:
       | Wait, didn't Patrick ask for his stuff not to be posted to HN
       | anymore?
       | 
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=29122338
       | 
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=29041030
        
         | dang wrote:
         | Not exactly, and if he happens to write something every week
         | that the community finds interesting, it seems to me we're all
         | better off. If anyone can do that it's probably patio11 :)
        
         | greenyoda wrote:
         | Neither of those comments ask for the articles not to be posted
         | to HN. They both ask for people to be "selective in submitting
         | these", which I understand to mean: don't submit every single
         | one indiscriminately, just the ones that would be of particular
         | interest to the HN community.
        
           | jacquesm wrote:
           | Ah, so it's marketing then. Got it.
        
           | patio11 wrote:
           | Yep. In particular I'd like to only be front paged when I'm
           | writing well relative to my beat and my ability, not just
           | because I have high name recognition or am better than the
           | least interesting thing on the front page, which is a bar I
           | think I'd clear too often to be healthy for the community.
        
         | gorgoiler wrote:
         | Allowing site owners to declare zero-karma could nullify the
         | market pressure. The site owner would be saying "let people
         | post my stuff, but don't give them any karma for it":
         | $ curl https://example.com/.well-known/hn.txt         Nokarma:
         | /
         | 
         | That could have a side effect of promoting commentary blogspam
         | about the original post instead but dang et al are pretty quick
         | to swap out those links for links to the original material,
         | which would then pick up zero karma.
        
           | jacquesm wrote:
           | That's a good one!
        
       | ic4l wrote:
       | In Thailand most in person transactions are done by bank transfer
       | via QR code:
       | 
       | https://www.bangkokbank.com/en/Personal/Digital-Banking/Prom...
       | 
       | The local sellers pay little to no fee, and the transfer is
       | instant. All of the popular banks here support this form of
       | payment.
       | 
       | It's also very common for people here to do bank to bank
       | transfers, and they are all instant.
       | 
       | The US is behind in many ways.
        
       | kalleboo wrote:
       | When discussing Europe, you can't leave out the rise of mobile
       | payments that work similar to India's UPI.
       | 
       | For instance, in Sweden, "Swish"[0] has quickly taken over the
       | market for casual payments, with free, instant, irreversible bank
       | transfers between individuals using only the recipients phone
       | number (or a QR code).
       | 
       | They are a bunch of these systems, but currently they are all
       | fractured into national systems, although work has started on
       | adding interoperability[1]
       | 
       | [0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swish_(payment)
       | 
       | [1]
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Mobile_Payment_System...
        
         | joshuaissac wrote:
         | There is paym in the UK, which works the same way, using phone
         | numbers, but it is not used that much.
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paym
        
         | noisy_boy wrote:
         | PayNow in Singapore: https://www.abs.org.sg/consumer-
         | banking/pay-now
        
         | Symbiote wrote:
         | Not just casual payments.
         | 
         | I bought concert tickets last week, for almost 1000DKK
         | (130EUR). I'd already entered my phone number, so paying by
         | MobilePay was faster and easier. I usually use this if I have
         | the option.
         | 
         | To use it, I pressed the MobilePay button on the website,
         | pressed continue since my phone number is already present and
         | correct. I unlocked my phone, and there was a notification
         | waiting for me, with the amount and recipient stated.
         | Fingerprint and swipe to approve.
         | 
         | I didn't need to type in any card details, or authenticate
         | within the web browser. A 1000kr debit or credit card purchase
         | would require me to enter my 20+ digit bank password, then do a
         | similar process to unlock the phone for 2FA.
        
         | Aaronmacaron wrote:
         | Yes. In Switzerland it's Twint. It's easy to use, instant and
         | free for the user. It started out as an easy way to move small
         | amounts of money around among family and friends without the
         | hassle of doing a bank transfer. Now large grocery stores and
         | online shops support it too. I don't see it overtaking the
         | whole payment market because of the exclusivity to Switzerland.
         | It'd be great if something like Twint would exist but usable
         | and prevalent all over the world.
        
           | jagrsw wrote:
           | > free for the user
           | 
           | Overall it's not free, the receiving party will still pay the
           | fee (so, probably not that different from Debit/Credit Cards
           | for merchants), and shops might increase the price
           | preemptively to account for that.
           | 
           | See this drama for more:
           | https://www.twint.ch/en/press/digitec-galaxus-spreading-
           | fals...
           | 
           | PS: However, it's probably free for user2user payments, using
           | phone no as identifiers. And it's useful to settle lunch
           | debts among friends. I guess they (banks) want users to
           | install twint apps for that, make it then easy to pay at
           | businesses.
        
         | mderazon wrote:
         | MBWay in Portugal https://www.multibanco.pt/operacoes/mb-way/
        
         | alexott wrote:
         | MobilePay in Denmark: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MobilePay
        
           | fogihujy wrote:
           | Also in Finland.
        
             | Hamuko wrote:
             | There's also Siirto to some extent. It doesn't work with
             | all banks, but I think that the banks that are part of it
             | are like 70% of the personal banking market share.
        
         | jacquesm wrote:
         | Tikkies are the Dutch equivalent.
         | 
         | https://dutchreview.com/expat/tikkie-netherlands/
        
           | fbrncci wrote:
           | It's pretty great. These transfers sometimes arrive within
           | <1s. The speed and ease of use is something that
           | cryptocurrencies are "trying" to "solve" (Among other
           | things). Most aren't aware of the wide adoption here already,
           | of course there are other aspects crypto's score better on.
           | But if all bank transfers would be a Tikkie, then what would
           | Crypto's, in terms of ease of use and speed have to offer?
        
             | BlueTemplar wrote:
             | Nothing, those were never claimed as cryptocurrency
             | strenghts, the opposite in fact, were accepted as
             | weaknesses that were still worth it considering the other
             | benefits.
        
           | zoover2020 wrote:
           | I'd say they have become obsolete ever since all major banks
           | now support similar functionality (payment requests) + the
           | enablement of instant payments across Dutch banks
        
             | brnt wrote:
             | Hate that neither of them support non-Dutch banks (well, I
             | think maybe Rabo has an extra paid service that does, but I
             | don't bank there). Bunqs service did also accept CC, but I
             | had to quit them over their never ending 'innovation'.
             | 
             | I desperately need something that works at least in the
             | entire Eurozone.
        
         | jacekm wrote:
         | In Poland we have "Blik" [1]. It's immensely popular here,
         | especially for online transactions and p2p transfers. Recently
         | it started expansion to physical stores too. Seems to be quite
         | similar to Swish.
         | 
         | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blik_(payment)
        
           | yxhuvud wrote:
           | Swish works for person to person transactions, physical store
           | payments, and I've also seen some companies starting to use
           | it for monthly bill payments (ie, send out a paper with qr
           | code, user scan it with app and signs it, and bill is paid).
        
         | thatwasunusual wrote:
         | Vipps is the Norwegian equivalent, I guess...? [1]
         | 
         | [1] https://vipps.no/
        
         | kwhitefoot wrote:
         | Vipps in Norway. https://vipps.no/
        
       | bighead777 wrote:
       | the article completely missed the talking about the online
       | payment system in China which is at least 10 years advance than
       | the counterpart in US or india or any other countries in the
       | world.
        
         | isbvhodnvemrwvn wrote:
         | Any details?
        
       | Taniwha wrote:
       | Here in New Zealand we've ditched checks as a payment method,
       | bank transfers have been the norm for paying bills for years now.
        
       | manmal wrote:
       | Just yesterday, I deposited money from my bank account to
       | Coinbase via SEPA. Refreshed the Coinbase page, and it was there,
       | ready to buy digital currency with - so, the transaction was
       | instant, or almost so. The transfer didn't cost me anything, and
       | neither did it Coinbase (it seems). Coinbase seems to be positive
       | the transaction will settle, or else it wouldn't let me use the
       | money immediately, right? Reversibility seems to be limited for
       | consumers, I tried that once with a fraudulent seller, and the
       | bank basically said I can't do that.
       | 
       | What's exactly the catch with SEPA?
        
         | hjtkfkfmr wrote:
         | According to article there is a huge amount of SEPA fraud going
         | around because seller receives you banking details.
         | Unauthorized direct debit maybe?
        
           | jacquesm wrote:
           | I don't doubt there is some SEPA fraud but 'huge amount' is
           | something that requires some proof. Personally I haven't seen
           | a single instance and that's with all of my banking details
           | public and many thousands of transactions per year across 10
           | different bank accounts (three companies, and a bunch of
           | private accounts).
        
           | riffraff wrote:
           | Yeah that confused me about the article. I've never heard of
           | SEPA direct debit fraud, as my understanding is that SDD
           | requires a notification to be sent before any debit is
           | initiated to give time to the user to block it.
           | 
           | It surely can be an issue but I'm not familiar with people
           | refusing to share their IBAN number because they're afraid of
           | random charges, which is a thing for ACH numbers.
        
           | andrewshadura wrote:
           | The article misrepresents how direct debit works. Just having
           | your bank details is absolutely not enough to initiate a
           | transfer: the user must confirm it by issuing so called
           | direct debit mandate. This mandate usually has a limit on the
           | amount, and can be revoked at any time. Also, the business
           | faces penalties for repeated failed transfers.
        
           | pjerem wrote:
           | The point is that SEPA direct debits are revokable. And by
           | revokable, I mean they are revokable up to 13 months after a
           | transaction. How easily it is depends on your bank : on some
           | banks you need to send a paper letter, on one of my banks,
           | you need to contact the customer service, on the other,
           | reversing a SEPA debit can be done with a simple button on my
           | web interface.
           | 
           | SEPA push, whose are, by definition, manual actions from
           | yourself via the web interface of your bank are not
           | reversible. But that's probably not the most frictionless
           | method so it's rarely used other than people to people
           | transactions, between your own bank accounts, or for really
           | big purchases like buying a car.
        
             | Ekaros wrote:
             | I pay all my bills with push method. Thankfully most of
             | them appear as digital bills in my bank so I just get list
             | and accept them if they look about right. I would never set
             | up direct debit. I don't trust anyone enough for that.
        
         | raverbashing wrote:
         | SEPA goes both ways, as opposed to what the article says
         | 
         | It goes in the "direct debt" way as described, so your
         | electricity or broadband supplier can charge you every month
         | automatically
         | 
         | But you can also "push" a payment to someone else (or yourself,
         | of course)
         | 
         | Not sure about fraud, from what I know, everyone that does a
         | direct debt has an identifier that can be revoked in case of
         | fraud. So it can happen, but there are ways to block fraudulent
         | chargers.
        
         | black_puppydog wrote:
         | For the customer? Basically this:
         | 
         | > the bank basically said I can't do that.
         | 
         | For the shop? I think it's mostly that software solutions are
         | incredibly US centric (or more accurately, not EU centric
         | enough) meaning SEPA always stays an afterthought.
         | 
         | I also want to mention SEPA direct debits. They're great from a
         | the customer's perspective, especially for subscriptions and
         | the like.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | ThrowAwayIRUK wrote:
         | Leading Payment Engineer of one the most aggressive challenger
         | banks in EU here:
         | 
         | - first, SEPA has several message types
         | 
         | - SEPA SCT: A standard transfer, usually settled the next day -
         | SEPA SCT Inst: a realtime transfer, to be settled within 10
         | seconds max (check rulebook on ECB website) - SEPA SDD Core:
         | Direct debit, this can be used to pay your utility bills e.g.;
         | though you can revert this one up to a couple of month - SEPA
         | SDD B2B: Direct debit for businesses, this one can't be
         | reverted as you gave an explicitly signed permission to execute
         | those (this one is used between businesses)
         | 
         | So, my idea here would be that COINBASE is supporting/using a
         | partnerbank/PSP which allows SEPA SCT Instant.
         | 
         | Regarding fraud: - if one gets aware of your IBAN, the other
         | party can try to pull an SDD, thats right. But: you can claim
         | this one at your bank and you will be refunded immediately.
         | (with SEPA SDD B2B, this wouldn't be possible as you would have
         | a signed a permission) Though, unless a fraudster is
         | counterfeiting your signature, no one will pull a SEPA SDD B2B.
         | But, sure: Check your accounts regulary.
         | 
         | - regarding SEPA SCT Instant: To execute such transaction, you
         | need to verify it by 2FA. If you give permission on your 2FA
         | device, the money is send out.
         | 
         | - what if you do a typo with SEPA SCT Instant or if someone get
         | somehow around your 2FA? In this case, you could reach out to
         | the other bank with a so called R-Transaction, though if a
         | fraudster is aware of all this, i'm pretty sure the person is
         | capable of managing the rest of the track to pull the money out
         | by doing additional subsequent transfers to other banks
         | 
         | P.S.: As far as i can see, Coinbase is not running through us,
         | you may check your bank statement to see which way the money
         | went ;-)
        
           | manmal wrote:
           | Thanks for this comprehensive answer!
        
           | superzamp wrote:
           | SEPA SCT Inst is really great but banks seem to be dragging
           | their feet on implementing it or charge a premium for using
           | it. Probably the prospect of losing their juicy payments card
           | issuer transaction fees isn't super appealing.
        
       | tibbydudeza wrote:
       | We have such a platform but they screen scrape your bank website
       | in order to do direct payments to a merchant - it is a pain to do
       | this yourself because you need to fill in so much detail i.r.o
       | account nr and reference id.
       | 
       | I have 2FA enabled so I still need to authorize the payment via
       | my cell.
       | 
       | Wish our banks would expose functionality securely without me
       | giving them my bank web login details.
        
       | louwhopley wrote:
       | Bank-to-bank money transfers in South Africa is a mostly solved
       | problem. (Electronic funds transfer/known as EFT locally)
       | 
       | - payments above coffee-shop prices often happen by EFT. - it
       | arrives within 2 days, bank sends proof of payment instantly and
       | sellers accept that as sufficient proof. - can opt to send
       | instantaneously which reflects within seconds to minutes (for a
       | small fee, like ~$1). - non reversible - need bank account number
       | and bank name
       | 
       | That's for push, for pull, debit orders exist, but they are
       | luckily easily reversible. Unfortunately fraud on this is super
       | high.
       | 
       | Always strange when in the US and the landlord asks me to pay by
       | cheque. Something we havent seen in SA in ~15 years.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | zuppy wrote:
         | Guy from Romania here: we can even pay to phone numbers if
         | you're on ING (Dutch bank) or Revolut (from UK). They will get
         | their client's IBAN for you. At least in Bucharest almost every
         | person around me has an account on both of these.
        
           | CaptainJustin wrote:
           | In South Africa you can send money to anyone's phone number
           | from several of the big banks. They can even be 'unbanked'.
           | Regulation allows them to receive up to a certain amount
           | before having to KYC and go through AML checks etc.
           | 
           | To access their money they go to an ATM and a challenge
           | response is sent to their phone number.
        
         | csomar wrote:
         | For a "third-world" country, South Africa has a quite developed
         | financial infrastructure. This might be due to its historical
         | links to the UK or by having a wealthy and connected elites.
        
           | oblio wrote:
           | South Africa was the first "second world" country in the
           | economic sense, from before apartheid.
           | 
           | Rich elites living roughly Western lifestyles and everyone
           | else super poor.
        
             | woobar wrote:
             | "Second World" was the Soviet Union and its allies. SA most
             | likely was a part of the First World.
        
           | louwhopley wrote:
           | I think having a dualistic economy plays a big role in this.
        
       | zxspectrum1982 wrote:
       | Bizum in Spain is awesome: associate your bank account to a
       | mobile phone number, send and receive money with just the phone
       | number. Both for individuals (free) and businesses (very low
       | fees). Since every bank in Spain supports Bizum, it has been a
       | turning point for everybody. Of course VISA and MasterCard are
       | not happy since they are losing more and more transactions.
       | 
       | https://bizum.es/en/
        
       | aidenn0 wrote:
       | In terms of credit cards being "cheaper than free" in the US,
       | I've noticed more places offering cash discounts in the past year
       | or so
        
       | xyst wrote:
       | This is all great if the currency between the buying and business
       | is the same (ie, USD to USD), but still does not fix transactions
       | between entities of different currency types.
       | 
       | In my opinion, this is where cryptocurrency as a payment method
       | for B2B, B2C will shine. No more dealing with foreign transaction
       | fees and conversion fees. Plus the added benefit of not
       | converting your money into an unstable currency (ie, Turkish
       | Lira)
        
         | kalleboo wrote:
         | Doesn't using cryptocurrencies just mean you have even more
         | conversion fees?
         | 
         | In the current reality where nobody else uses cryptocurrencies,
         | you're going to be converting at both ends to national
         | currencies (if anything at least to pay tax)
         | 
         | Even in a hypothetic crypto utopia, there's no chance that
         | we'll get one single currency to rule them all, so you're going
         | to have to convert every time you pay for something (every
         | market is going to have it's own currency)
        
         | yyyk wrote:
         | > transactions between entities of different currency types.
         | 
         | Because crypto->USD doesn't have any conversion fee. Right.
         | 
         | >Plus the added benefit of not converting your money into an
         | unstable currency (ie, Turkish Lira)
         | 
         | You mean, 'unstable' like Bitcoin, right?
        
         | jacquesm wrote:
         | Crypto currencies are great for paying people whose names and
         | banking details you don't necessarily know. I've used them to
         | pretty good effect to date and the fact that they have all the
         | drawbacks of cash and are used by criminals too doesn't
         | diminish any of that.
        
           | bogota wrote:
           | .. wait until you find out what cash is used for.
        
             | AussieWog93 wrote:
             | Banh mi?
        
             | p2p_astroturf wrote:
             | I use it for buying groceries.
        
             | marsdepinski wrote:
             | Or precious metals
        
             | timbit42 wrote:
             | Spreading cocaine dust?
        
         | TMWNN wrote:
         | >This is all great if the currency between the buying and
         | business is the same (ie, USD to USD), but still does not fix
         | transactions between entities of different currency types.
         | 
         | When trying to send about $2000 from the US to Canada earlier
         | this year, I found that the cheapest and fastest method was to
         | do it via BTC (and within Coinbase, so free).
        
         | Robotbeat wrote:
         | You could also just have a bank account with money denominated
         | in USD or Euros or something.
        
           | everfree wrote:
           | You can have a cryptocurrency wallet with money denominated
           | in USD or Euros, too (asset-backed stablecoins).
        
             | Robotbeat wrote:
             | ...which is the same thing as a bank account but not FDIC
             | insured and now you have to pay cryptocurrency transaction
             | fees.
        
       | kalleboo wrote:
       | Re: bank transfers in Japan, TFA states that after-hours bank
       | transfers are still in the making, but, my experience is that the
       | 24/7 instant transfers have pretty good coverage already -
       | recently every transfer I've made or received has arrived
       | instantly (to like 3-4 different banks from my rural
       | institution). Once I didn't have the cash to cover my bar tab at
       | like 1 AM on a Saturday, but the bar took PayPay. I didn't have
       | enough PayPay balance, but I could do a transfer from my main
       | bank to PayPay bank and refill my balance. A lifesaver!
        
       | rohithkp wrote:
       | UPI can potentially be scaled to all countries. I think the
       | biggest USP of UPI is the interoperability between payment
       | apps(Google Pay, Paytm, PhonePe, etc), VPAs(alice@icici,
       | bob@axis, dan@upi, 9848123456@paytm) and banks. One could have an
       | account with bank A, create a VPA with bank B and use that VPA to
       | pay a business through virtually any of the payment apps(GPay,
       | Paytm, PhonePe, BHIM, etc). The main pain point UPI addresses is
       | instant transfer, zero cost transfer irrespective of transaction
       | size and removal of friction due to credential exchange. NPCI
       | (the creators of UPI) are already in talks with the UAE and other
       | neighbouring countries to build a cross nation interoperable
       | payment stack. Since no player in the entire stack can charge a
       | service fee, the way that payment apps have monetized UPI is by
       | acquiring customers through payments and selling value added
       | services like insurance, prepaid mobile recharges and mutual
       | funds/ETFs. Interoperability allows for balancing and
       | decentralisation of network load across multiple providers,
       | making transactions less likely to fail. Also cross border
       | exchange is another problem that is still unsolved. Maybe a UPI
       | backed approach to real-time currency transfers is a pipe dream
       | but in a ideal world every transaction, irrespective of point of
       | origin, size or currency would be as seamless as an UPI
       | transaction.
       | 
       | On a side note, I wonder if something like this could be built in
       | the web3 space. A totally decentralised public blockchain
       | implementation of the payment network using UPI-esque
       | interoperability between payment providers and banks.
        
         | chintler wrote:
         | I took a trip last month(within India) with about [?]600 cash
         | and returned with [?]560, with UPI for everything from chai to
         | flight tickets. It's just so frictionless.
         | 
         | UPI was built around mobile phones, and a significant part of
         | the trust comes from the KYC that was enforced from the
         | beginning for mobile connections. I'm not sure how well that
         | process will scale across countries and across currencies.
         | Still, with the international partnerships coming up, I'm
         | excited for the possibilities that are presenting in the
         | payments space.
        
         | nine_k wrote:
         | I suppose that various KYC / AML checks are a significant
         | obstacle to frictionless international payments; another is
         | fraud protection.
         | 
         | I bet it's seriously harder to get two countries agree on the
         | lists of undesirables, and streamline e.g. court protection
         | across jurisdictions.
        
         | melony wrote:
         | Will this suffer from the usual payment restrictions imposed by
         | PayPal/Stripe?
        
           | kalleboo wrote:
           | VISA/MasterCard-based services suffer from US regulatory
           | pressure, applying US norms across the planet. Non-US-based
           | payments systems will instead have pressure from their
           | respective countries. For instance they may care less about
           | WikiLeaks pulling the pants down on US intelligence, but may
           | be even more strict on porn.
        
         | devnull3 wrote:
         | Actually the India-Singapore link will start in 2022 [1]
         | 
         | [1] https://techcrunch.com/2021/09/13/india-and-singapore-to-
         | lin...
        
           | dustintrex wrote:
           | But it's going to be an overlapping mesh of 1-to-1
           | agreements. Singapore is also negotiating with Malaysia to
           | allow cross-border payments, but it's unlikely a Malaysian
           | user would be able to chain these together to pay someone in
           | India.
        
       | eisbaw wrote:
       | Does anybody know of a way to make recurring SEPA (push)
       | payments?
       | 
       | My bank requires manual interaction, so I have been looking for a
       | card-to-SEPA gateway - without succes.
       | 
       | Reason: Binance offers recurring DCA but with hefty fee for
       | Visa/Mastercard. Binance partnership with AdvCash makes SEPA
       | "zero"-fee possible. AdvCash accepts SEPA, but my bank cannot
       | make recurring SEPA payments.
        
         | Ekaros wrote:
         | It depends if your bank supports such. For me it does. I for
         | example have setup my rent to go on same day each month for up
         | to year or more to my landlord. Each of these is separate
         | repeating push payment with same details(message/reference
         | number). And all of them are pre-approved.
        
       | lubien wrote:
       | Worth mentioning Brazil has new transfer method called Pix that
       | takes mostly 10 seconds to exchange money to another bank account
       | and you only need the other person/company ID or email or phone
       | number or a random key (the account owner choose which ones they
       | want to allow). It came just a few years ago but basically
       | everyone has it now since it's a payment method directly coming
       | from the Central Bank and all banks implemented it by now. It's
       | pretty easy to generate a QR code and bill someone but you can
       | also set it up on your website in a way that you can check when
       | it's paid programatically. Worth mentioning: it's free of costs
       | except if you're a company that want to use the REST API. By the
       | way, they even use GitHub to discuss things and document their
       | API, really nice
        
         | soneca wrote:
         | I agree. Patrick should take a look in how Pix works (and how
         | it was deployed and had immediate traction and explosive
         | growth, a rare good innovation from the state). Pix is
         | incredible and revolutionary.
         | 
         | https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-10-06/pix-mobil...
        
         | lubien wrote:
         | Dropping in https://github.com/bacen
        
         | blntechie wrote:
         | I believe UPI of India and Pix of Brazil actually cross absorb
         | features from each other which is nice to see.
         | 
         | UPI is getting from 1st December a way to send payments by
         | phone number or random number(key) which I believe are partly
         | inspired from Pix. Earlier phone number lookup was a layer on
         | top of the UPI built by the fintech companies and now it will
         | be part of the base system.
         | 
         | Now that UPI's operator NPCI is focusing on cross border
         | transactions, some day Pix and UPI can interoperate. UPI is
         | already integrated with Singapore's payment system and
         | similarly in discussions with few other countries.
        
       | anormaluser wrote:
       | Scanning a QR code to make a payment in China is also very
       | interesting.
        
       | devnull3 wrote:
       | About UPI: The standardisation of payment interface is done by a
       | corporation called NPCI. It's an initiative from India's central
       | bank (RBI) and it is non-profit. [1]
       | 
       | This means that a private player's implementation does not become
       | defacto standard.
       | 
       | Multiple factors are aligning to make UPI successful:
       | 
       | 1. Massive Mobile (smart phones) & Internet penetration
       | 
       | 2. Cheap mobile data from telcos
       | 
       | 3. Low cost of payment infrastructure to the banks and shops.
       | 
       | 4. Fast clearing of payments (< 5-8 seconds)
       | 
       | 5. Neutral standardisation body with blessings from the central
       | bank
       | 
       | [1] https://www.npci.org.in/who-we-are/about-us
        
         | vishnugupta wrote:
         | Indeed, UPI is a culmination of several years of ground work
         | laid before it (IMPS, Adhaar etc.,)
         | 
         | Let me add one thing here though.
         | 
         | > Low cost of payment infrastructure to the banks
         | 
         | The cost is low primarily because it's is borne by tax payers
         | [1] and the issuing banks. Issuing banks aren't too happy with
         | forgoing a good chunk of their profits that they earn through
         | issuing charges and also having to maintain the infrastructure
         | free of cost.
         | 
         | A new for-profit payment consortium [2] has been proposed to
         | compete with NPCI. Will be interesting to see how this plays
         | out.
         | 
         | [1] https://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-
         | policy/mdr...
         | 
         | [2] https://m.rbi.org.in/scripts/bs_viewcontent.aspx?Id=3832
        
         | xyst wrote:
         | I could do without #5 to be honest. Should be working towards a
         | more decentralized approach.
        
           | yashg wrote:
           | Why this obsession with doing away with a central authority?
           | What is so evil about a central bank? Decentralization is not
           | cheap. I buy a pack of bread from a door-to-door bread and
           | eggs salesman (Yes that's a thing in India). It costs INR 40
           | ($0.53). I pay him via UPI, he gets money instantly in his
           | bank account with zero fees. He gets full INR 40 like I had
           | paid him in cash. I don't think any decentralized system will
           | be able to do that with zero fees.
           | 
           | It obviously costs money to banks to maintain the infra that
           | makes UPI possible. It still costs nothing for end users to
           | use UPI. You know why is that? Because the Reserve Bank of
           | India has mandated that. A central authority that grants
           | banking licenses and oversees all banks in the country. Banks
           | have to factor in the cost of supporting UPI as a regular
           | cost of business. Banks actually may be saving money by
           | supporting UPI because they don't have to deal with cash.
           | They need less branches and ATMs, less people to handle all
           | the cash.
           | 
           | You remove the central authority, and it becomes anarchy.
        
             | TheProbes wrote:
             | Because....because.....well....because THEN I COULDN'T
             | SHILL YOU A CRYPTO TOKEN. There. I said it.
        
             | onion2k wrote:
             | _It obviously costs money to banks to maintain the infra
             | that makes UPI possible._
             | 
             | Cash printing, distribution, and handling is _super_
             | expensive. Replacing a big chunk of that with some servers
             | and data costs would be a _huge_ win.
             | 
             | Plus they get all that valuable data about what everyone is
             | doing...
        
             | captn3m0 wrote:
             | The GP's point isn't about RBI being a central authority,
             | but about NPCI being granted a quasi-monopoly on retail
             | payments despite being a non-government body. One of the
             | important recommendations from the Watal Committee
             | report[x] was to restructure the NPCI-relationship:
             | 
             | 1. Change ownership structure. It was 75% owned by 10 banks
             | in India, with no seats for other players in the industry.
             | 
             | 2. Allow competition to NPCI. This got envisioned in the
             | recent push for a NUE[0], but with a lot of caveats. RBI
             | ended up deferring the plan[1]
             | 
             | 3. NPCI also is pushing heavily to move from a non-profit
             | to a for-profit model:
             | https://www.livemint.com/news/india/npci-turning-for-
             | profit-.... This will significantly change the current
             | incentives it holds.
             | 
             | As an example of this conflict, RBI runs NEFT and RTGS for
             | free as near-realtime transaction platforms for free, and
             | now 24x7 (The 24x7 was a recommendation in the report). RBI
             | does not charge banks for interchange on NEFT, but NPCI
             | does charge for IMPS.
             | 
             | [0]: https://www.bloombergquint.com/business/npci-its-nue-
             | competi...
             | 
             | [1]: https://inc42.com/buzz/rbi-defers-its-plans-to-
             | distribute-li...
             | 
             | [x]: https://dea.gov.in/sites/default/files/watal_report271
             | 216.pd...
        
               | purple_turtle wrote:
               | > NPCI also is pushing heavily to move from a non-profit
               | to a for-profit model
               | 
               | This is unlikely to end well.
        
             | sumedh wrote:
             | > What is so evil about a central bank?
             | 
             | Don't know about India's central bank but US Fed plays with
             | interest rates, bails out risk taking companies or their
             | close friends creating moral hazard, prints money
             | recklessly destroying your savings.
        
               | yashg wrote:
               | //US Fed plays with interest rates// That's what central
               | banks are for. That's how they control inflation or make
               | the wheels of economy moving by printing more money.
               | That's literally the reason for their existence,
               | controlling money supply in an economy.
        
               | sumedh wrote:
               | and by playing recklessly with interest rates, they
               | inflate assets like stocks and real estate while destroy
               | savings. While making these decisions they decide winners
               | and losers and then privately trade stocks to get rich
               | using insider information.
        
               | johnsolo1701 wrote:
               | But aren't most Americans' biggest asset their house, aka
               | real estate? And their savings is their 401(k), aka the
               | stock market?
        
               | sumedh wrote:
               | Does the US Fed have a some kind of official charter
               | saying that they will keep on inflating assets by keeping
               | interest very very low?
        
       | victor22 wrote:
       | Someone please tell Patrick about bitcoin... Jk, he works for
       | stripe/banks so he has to turn a blind eye. Feels like I'm
       | watching Kodak resisting the digital camera all over again
        
         | theptip wrote:
         | Bitcoin lacks reversibility, which turns out to be a necessary
         | property for a payments network to cover all use cases.
         | 
         | This (as well as expensive fees, until lightning, and wild
         | price fluctuations) is why it never really caught on as a
         | SWIFT/Western Union replacement.
        
       | askvictor wrote:
       | Australia's New Payment Platform performs bank transfers
       | instantly, and can use email address, phone number, or business
       | ID as a destination (the recipient must first have registered
       | this with their bank). No fees. It's pretty decent.
       | https://www.rba.gov.au/payments-and-infrastructure/new-payme...
        
         | seb1204 wrote:
         | There is a delay of first transactions. PayID is what it it is
         | called for most banks.
        
           | laurencei wrote:
           | I believe it is 24 hours for the first, then instant after
           | that.
        
             | akdor1154 wrote:
             | What a coincidence, a fraud protection scheme that happens
             | to make NPP unsuitable for retail payments right off the
             | bat. Surely unintentional and nothing to do with banks and
             | credit cards wanting to preserve their racket of skimming
             | every purchase in the country.
        
               | zizee wrote:
               | FWIW what GP wrote is not true of all banks in AU. I have
               | made several transfers to new payids recently and they
               | have all gone through immediately.
        
             | elyobo wrote:
             | That's at the bank's discretion, rather than something
             | enforced by the system.
        
               | plantain wrote:
               | It still totally undermines the system. I went two hours
               | out of town to pickup a car, expecting to pay on the spot
               | with PayID instantly, just like dozens of times before.
               | It triggered the mysterious 24 hour waiting period of my
               | or their bank (the biggest in Australia), and of course
               | the sellers wouldn't let me take the car. Dozens of calls
               | to the bank, escalations - nothing can be done.
               | 
               | I had to cancel the transaction (by lying and saying it
               | was fraudulent), drove to the bank, withdrew the money in
               | cash, and paid the good-old-fashioned way. _headdesk_.
               | 
               | PayID is useless as a payment system if you can't
               | actually rely on it to make a payment in a timely manner.
        
           | elyobo wrote:
           | PayID is the service that let's you pay to a mobile / email /
           | ABN, but it's not the only use - smaller value transfers to a
           | standard BSB are also often instant thanks to Osko which is
           | also using the New Payment Platform.
        
           | CTDOCodebases wrote:
           | Depending on the bank large transfers are delayed to prevent
           | fraud.
        
           | stephen_g wrote:
           | I've never experienced that with any of the banks I have
           | accounts with...
        
         | stephen_g wrote:
         | Also there's BPAY for bills and things which must be pretty
         | cheap to vendors because it's almost always an option for any
         | kind of internet/phone/utility etc. invoice and never has a
         | surcharge unlike credit card payments sometimes do.
         | 
         | I've seen it for web payments but it's not ideal because of the
         | delay (usually like next business day) in processing.
        
       | eisbaw wrote:
       | Does any European bank actually have a public API?
       | 
       | My bank (Danske Bank) does not. Even the first step of logging-in
       | with our digital sign-on (NemID) is a bit tricky to automate.
       | (MitID's rsa key fob might make it easier)
        
         | Symbiote wrote:
         | https://developers.danskebank.com/ though "Requires a
         | QWAC+QSEAL issued by a QTSP".
         | 
         | (Does any bank anywhere have a truly public API?)
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | avianlyric wrote:
         | https://truelayer.com/
         | 
         | https://developers.monzo.com/
        
       | rambambram wrote:
       | > I expect we'll see bank transfers as a more prominent part of
       | the payment mix in much of the world.
       | 
       | Interesting read.
       | 
       | I have multiple clients in Europe who use my webshop system with
       | simple bank transfers as the only payment method. It's so easy.
       | No setting up shit like iDeal or Stripe or anything like that, no
       | fees, just paying from one bank to the other. It comes so close
       | to paying with cash. It's not instant so you can't really program
       | against it (as with iDeal here in The Netherlands, your country
       | has probably something similar), so it's not really suitable for
       | big automated webshops. But for small businesses and/or
       | freelancers who want to make money online it's such a game
       | changer.
       | 
       | Let's say you just started a small business selling digital or
       | physical goods, the only thing you need to do is enter your IBAN
       | bank account number and you can get paid within a workday or two.
       | Customers place an order, click a button that says 'I just paid',
       | you as the business owner check your bank account on a daily
       | basis (just from your smartphone) to see if you received their
       | money, if you receive their money you click another button and
       | can fullfill the order.
       | 
       | From experience I know I'll receive money from Germany within one
       | business day, and from the rest of EU within two business days.
       | It depends on the banks I guess, because sometimes even customers
       | from EU with IBAN bank accounts tell me they can't make the
       | payment. Still, it's so easy.
       | 
       | Even for filing your VAT as a business it's stupidly easy in EU,
       | because whatever you sell to Spain or Poland or Ireland, if you
       | stay under a certain threshold (which is pretty high for a one
       | person company) you can just do the taxes in your own country
       | according to the rules you know.
       | 
       | I just really miss the UK, stupid Brexit. I have to quadruple the
       | amount of paperwork if I want to sell to the UK. It's not worth
       | the hassle. Just not worth it.
        
         | berkes wrote:
         | > It's so easy. No setting up shit like iDeal or Stripe..
         | 
         | While true, the friction with iDeal or Stripe is a lot lower
         | than with bank-transfers.
         | 
         | I've helped set up such payment systems (backends): the rate of
         | non-paying (send reminders, etc) is far higher with bank-
         | transfers than with iDeal. So much, that for many freelancers
         | who send just a few dozens of invoices per year, it pays off
         | (pun intended) to include an iDeal QR code and link in that
         | invoice.
         | 
         | People are so much more likely to click and link and pay than
         | when they have to type over payment details. The latter often
         | ends on the "TODO pile" the former is often payed within
         | minutes after emailing.
         | 
         | (Do note that in Western-Europe it is common business(to-
         | business) practice to send an invoice after the goods or
         | services are delivered. This invoice acts as a payment-
         | request.)
        
           | kuschku wrote:
           | Most banking apps support SEPA QR codes as well, specifying a
           | receiver, amount, and subject line. Which makes payment super
           | easy.
           | 
           | If I'm sharing a bill with friends, I'll just generate the QR
           | codes, the friends scan them, click pay, verify with
           | biometrics, and are done.
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EPC_QR_code
        
           | rambambram wrote:
           | Oh definitely, it's not for every use case. If one just
           | shuffles boxes through (roughly speaking) and competes on
           | price, an automated system with all the well-known payment
           | providers is better.
           | 
           | If you want to go bare bones, spend as little money as
           | possible (on fees, setup costs and setup time, brain cycles)
           | then I just want everybody to know that - at least in Europe
           | - that's possible. Even with only a personal bank account
           | (and some good bookkeeping, that is)!
           | 
           | > that for many freelancers who send just a few dozens of
           | invoices per year
           | 
           | Let me be clear I'm not talking about invoices from
           | freelancers who already did the work, I'm talking real
           | webshop stuff (you buy and pay for goods and/or digital
           | services on the spot).
           | 
           | The only 'problem' is that you have to wait one or two days
           | (and three when there's a weekend) before you can start
           | fullfilling an order. That's not for every use case, but
           | definitely can work for a lot of use cases I think.
        
         | wila wrote:
         | > I just really miss the UK, stupid Brexit. I have to quadruple
         | the amount of paperwork if I want to sell to the UK. It's not
         | worth the hassle. Just not worth it.
         | 
         | Had the same conclusion for a while for my webshop. It bothered
         | me to say no to people from the UK, so ended up setting up a
         | reseller account and chose to use that for the UK.
         | 
         | Which - while not free - has now changed to my main payment
         | system as it reduced my overhead drastically. Plus now all my
         | sales is compliant with all tax laws everywhere. Not just VAT
         | within the EU, but also sales tax in the US etc.. without the
         | additional overhead as the reseller is the one who handles all
         | the taxes.
        
           | rambambram wrote:
           | > It bothered me to say no to people from the UK
           | 
           | Agree. I'm in a very lean situation now and can use my time
           | better, otherwise it's worth looking into. There's a lot of
           | good customers there, who also didn't ask for this Brexit
           | thing.
        
       | throwawaysea wrote:
       | I would love to see direct transfers replace payments via credit
       | cards, which provide very little utility to customers in the end.
       | I would also like to see this serve as an alternative to PayPal
       | or Stripe or other such intermediaries. All these companies
       | simply create unnecessary centralization points. And that also
       | means they come with a central authority. And what do these
       | authorities like to do? They like to build up market power,
       | shelter themselves from competition, seek rent, and impose their
       | political/moral will on their customers and on businesses. We saw
       | it with porn. We saw it with Wikileaks. We seek it regularly now
       | in the age of deplatforming. It's time to move past them, and
       | crypto does not have to be the only answer.
        
       | digital2568 wrote:
       | The only exception is Amazon who will do a SEPA pull instead.
        
       | ngcc_hk wrote:
       | Not sure what rubbish he is talking about.
       | 
       | No doubt some money transfer need a caution media like property
       | sale and Bitcoin etc. Most just a matter of efficiency. We can
       | use cheque in one stage. But move to credit card. Then for quit
       | awhile nos many places use debt card. And many places has its
       | location specific stored value card Oyster card, octopus card, ..
       | 
       | Credit card elimination is a possibility in fact. Hence these
       | days even credit card for low value transaction so to involved.
       | 
       | Elimination of middle man and use it in an appropriate manner by
       | finding suitable way is always. From shell to ...
        
       | rdtwo wrote:
       | Does nobody here have a target red card? That's what they do and
       | they give you 5% back
        
       | grecy wrote:
       | This is already very common in Australia and Canada. I'm sure a
       | ton of other countries too.
        
         | ashconnor wrote:
         | Bill payments sure, but not many businesses accept Interac
         | e-transfers.
        
           | timbit42 wrote:
           | Stores don't and it's not used for making recurring payments,
           | but small businesses use it. Half the payments made to my
           | small Canadian business are eTransfers.
        
           | grecy wrote:
           | I bought something here in Australia last week with a bank
           | transfer, and I've paid plenty of business using e-transfer
           | in Canada - especially when covid kicked in.
        
             | koyote wrote:
             | I was forced to pay Qantas using BPAY (as in, I did not
             | want to spend $70+ on card fees). I ended up cancelling the
             | flight for a full refund and was told I need to wait up to
             | 12 weeks to get it paid back into the account.
             | 
             | Definitely not as flexible as a credit card payment which
             | would have been reimbursed within days.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | DeathArrow wrote:
       | If pay with debit card you are doing a bank transfer. Maybe in
       | the US most people are using credit cards but in EU many are
       | using debit cards.
        
         | klodolph wrote:
         | In the US, there is a difference between debit cards, ACH, and
         | bank transfers. They are three separate things.
        
           | kgdinesh wrote:
           | care to explain?
        
         | ErrantX wrote:
         | Sort of in the sense it comes from your bank account; but the
         | settlement process is different, and can take longer.
         | 
         | Faster Payments (bank transfers in the UK) for example settle 3
         | times per day and are intended to be instant.
         | 
         | Debit cards usually settle daily and there can be a delay;
         | which is why you will see an Auth on your account (card
         | payments go; Auth to lock the money, Payment to set up the
         | payment, and Settlement to move the actual cash). This is why
         | the EU mandated banks start to show actual funds available
         | (balance less all auths and other pending payments) as it can
         | sometimes take days to settle debit card payments and people
         | can be unsure of their balance.
         | 
         | In general, finance is an example of the "99 standards" error;
         | in that every so often new standards come in to fix things but
         | just add another approach to the mix (don't get me started on
         | Direct Debits!)
        
         | avianlyric wrote:
         | Not really. From a purely technical perspective there's no real
         | difference between a credit card and a debit card. The
         | mechanism for moving money is identical.
         | 
         | The only difference is that one moves money from a credit
         | account, the other moves it from a debit account.
         | 
         | The costs via Visa/MasterCard are broadly the same. The
         | clearing and settlement process is also broadly the same.
         | Neither are as quick or finite as a bank transfer. One big
         | difference for a merchant is that debit/credit cards have a
         | dispute process (called chargebacks), whereas bank transfers
         | generally don't.
        
           | kuschku wrote:
           | The maestro cards in Germany aren't real maestro cards, but
           | co-branded girocards that only use the maestro network
           | outside the EU.
           | 
           | They end up making an actual, real chip+pin authorized bank
           | transfer.
        
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