[HN Gopher] Parrots will share currency to help their pals purch...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Parrots will share currency to help their pals purchase food (2020)
        
       Author : rbanffy
       Score  : 220 points
       Date   : 2021-11-24 11:16 UTC (11 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.smithsonianmag.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.smithsonianmag.com)
        
       | hyperpallium2 wrote:
       | Facilitating division of labour in parrots will provide the
       | evolutionary pressure to uplift them over time.
        
       | gao8a wrote:
       | What if parrots also charged interest but the rates are just that
       | low?
        
       | tibbydudeza wrote:
       | We have an African Grey parrot - my daughter said she was in the
       | room and he was busy eating and dropped some food on the ground -
       | he looked at it then vocalized "bye bye".
       | 
       | We say "bye bye" to him whenever we leave the house.
       | 
       | Another one is the phrase "kom kom" (come here) whenever he is
       | outside on his perch and we want him to come inside.
       | 
       | He then started using the phrase "kom kom" with my wife when he
       | wants to be picked up by her.
        
         | sroussey wrote:
         | I have an African Gray as well. It has learned peoples' names
         | and "come here", and now says "come here Steve" which caught me
         | off guard.
        
       | FriedrichN wrote:
       | Very interesting. Also quite different from a lot of other birds,
       | like seagulls, who are not that into sharing food.
       | 
       | I wonder if the same could be done with Corvidae.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | ChuckNorris89 wrote:
         | _> like seagulls, who are not that into sharing food_
         | 
         | https://youtu.be/H4BNbHBcnDI?t=28
        
         | tokai wrote:
         | >I wonder if the same could be done with Corvidae
         | 
         | Possibly. Food sharing is a huge part of socialising and
         | pairing for corvids. For a lot of species the breeding season
         | is started with food begging and sharing.
        
         | BoxOfRain wrote:
         | It's funny you should mention seagulls! I used to live in a
         | town on the Welsh coast with enormous seagulls which would
         | often display their intelligence and coordination. They'd
         | sometimes even appear to work in groups to steal food off
         | people, though they tended to fight for it afterwards.
        
           | FriedrichN wrote:
           | I also like how they stomp on the ground to trick worms to
           | come up and eat them. It never fails to amuse me.
           | 
           | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6N93bKtWB6w
        
             | mellavora wrote:
             | or to ride them to work instead of the bus.
             | 
             | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jzj6b2YV2aA
        
       | davismwfl wrote:
       | Yea, there are two misconceptions based on old sayings that
       | always make me laugh in relations to birds. When people say bird
       | brain as an insult to others. And when people say someone "eats
       | like a bird", trying to say they eat so little.
       | 
       | These people obviously have never been around a parrot. I have an
       | umbrella cockatoo and have been around parrots since I was a
       | teenager and I am absolutely fascinated with them. First they eat
       | a lot more than people think by far, and their intelligence is so
       | misunderstood and underrated.
       | 
       | I've also seen similar studies and traits done with Corvidae
       | (Crows/Ravens) which they show similar behavior and traits.
       | Corvidae will work as a group to get everyone fed and will stand
       | lookout and help each other with tools according to some recent
       | studies.
       | 
       | My take away with animals is too often we as humans are too
       | arrogant to understand other species are way smarter then we give
       | them credit for. Of course, we also have to be careful not to
       | anthropomorphize either which can also be hard because of our own
       | viewpoints.
        
         | dudeinjapan wrote:
         | Well that was a bird-brained post. (I mean it as a compliment.)
        
         | girvo wrote:
         | It's so well known here in Australia that sulphur crested
         | cockatoos will have a lookout high above watching for predators
         | while the others feed that it's a slang term for a criminal
         | acting as a lookout.
        
       | hellbannedguy wrote:
       | I knew a lady who had two African Grey Parrots, adult daughter,
       | and two dogs named zoey, and I forget the other's name.
       | 
       | She fell on very hard times.
       | 
       | Before going homless she let a bird breeder pet sit her birds.
       | 
       | She was all over the west California. Just trying to survive
       | being homeless.
       | 
       | She miraculously got a call from a social worker at a motel on a
       | emergency use cell phone. Ten years previous she put her name on
       | a section 8 housing waiting list. She was actually living in a
       | very expensive home overlooking the bay, but knew it could all
       | turn sour, and it did.
       | 
       | Ok--she's away from the birds for 2 plus years.
       | 
       | I pick up the birds and put them in her new apartment.
       | 
       | She then comes in with her two dogs.
       | 
       | As the dogs walked by the cage, one of the parrots says, "Hello
       | Zoey, and hello Rider (I remembered). This is after two years
       | being away from each other."
       | 
       | (This busy body neighbor didn't like her, or her dogs. Her dogs
       | were a few pounds over 20. In the 47 page governmental lease
       | there was a rule about size of dogs. This horrid neighbor kept
       | making complaints. She ended up having to put them down. That
       | part always bothered me on so many levels. This busybody who was
       | a bible holding Christian was really awefull. I should out her
       | because she was screwed with a lot of people, but forgot her
       | name.)
        
       | dudeinjapan wrote:
       | The setup is transparent plexiglass. I suspect a bit of Clever
       | Hans effect here. The parrot may share its token to appease the
       | researcher (who they've learned controls the food), not the other
       | parrot.
       | 
       | It's quite unfortunate that they didn't test this when both
       | parrots' food holes are open. Nor did the "middleman parrot"
       | appear to share its walnuts back the other way.
       | 
       | Then again, given that these are Ivy League parrots there is a
       | solid chance at least one of them has read Das Kapital (and can
       | repeat it back better than most students!)
        
         | jessfyi wrote:
         | I wasn't aware ETH Zurich was considered the Ivy League!
         | 
         | But all jokes aside I think you should give these professionals
         | a little more credit--they also factored that possibility into
         | their experimental design and included tests for "useless"
         | token transfers [0]. While parrots would often transfer tokens
         | to empty compartments (for when they knew their neighbor was
         | missing and lacked tokens), these _same_ parrots did not when
         | there was a completely empty partition [1]. Further even the
         | article notes they didn 't just hand out tokens automatically
         | or willy-nilly, but were more or less willing depending on the
         | bond.
         | 
         | Personally I think the most interesting thing about the study
         | is not that non-mammalian animals have the capacity for
         | altruism or prosocial behaviors, but that Blue Headed Macaws
         | (despite being extremely intelligent as well) were not willing
         | and the difference is that their general populations form
         | smaller (though equally cohesive) flocks compared to AGPs.
         | 
         | EDIT: and the reason why they used tokens vs direct walnut
         | transfer is that these birds were trained in a prior experiment
         | (with an equally interesting premise) [2]
         | 
         | [0] https://www.cell.com/current-
         | biology/fulltext/S0960-9822(19)... [1]
         | https://www.cell.com/current-biology/fulltext/S0960-9822(19)...
         | [2] https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-30933-5
        
         | elliekelly wrote:
         | You might find this TED talk (and the clips of experiments
         | shown during the talk) interesting:
         | https://www.ted.com/talks/frans_de_waal_moral_behavior_in_an...
        
         | ludamad wrote:
         | I felt the same way. If they don't share walnuts directly then
         | that's not what they're intending to do. They likely see a
         | local lack of value to the rings, meaning seeing them exchanged
         | satisfies curiousity but perhaps not seen as being socially
         | benevolent (although it might, I don't discount entirely)
        
         | 9dev wrote:
         | I thought the same; to actually prove those birds are willing
         | to give away their tokens and loose out on walnuts in the
         | process, they should have been granted the option to trade
         | their tokens themselves. The way the experiment was carried out
         | seems to be based on lots of brittle assumptions...
        
       | forinti wrote:
       | Every time I hear someone say "only man does such and such" I
       | immediately think "bs".
        
         | andrepd wrote:
         | Only man does
         | 
         | - Language
         | 
         | - Complex tools
         | 
         | - Symbolism
         | 
         | - Visual art
         | 
         | - Music
         | 
         | - Religion and mythology
         | 
         | And a whole bunch of other things.
        
           | Iolaum wrote:
           | This is wrong.
           | 
           | As a counterexample:
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whale_vocalization
        
             | andrepd wrote:
             | Communication [?] language. My dog can communicate with me
             | in relatively extensive ways. She cannot produce language.
        
               | shadowfox wrote:
               | > She cannot produce language.
               | 
               | That you can understand ...
        
           | wizzwizz4 wrote:
           | Apart from "religion and mythology", pretty much everyone
           | knows counterexamples to all of these claims. (By the
           | standard of "if it's in children's newspapers, it's common
           | knowledge".)
        
           | tzs wrote:
           | Language: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gunnison%27s_prairie_
           | dog#Commu...
        
           | forinti wrote:
           | You could say we do those things better or with greater
           | complexity, but they are all there in other species.
           | 
           | 1- Language: https://sitn.hms.harvard.edu/flash/2019/river-
           | dolphins-surpr...
           | 
           | 2- Complex tools:
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tool_use_by_animals
           | 
           | 3- Symbolism: https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/06/0
           | 80610212404.h...
           | 
           | 4- Visual Art: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bowerbird
           | 
           | 5- Music: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoomusicology#Music_p
           | roduced_b...
           | 
           | 6- Religion:
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religious_behavior_in_animals
        
             | andrepd wrote:
             | 1. Communication [?] Language
             | 
             | 2. I said "complex tools", not "tools". Yes animals use
             | rocks to crack things. Do they build spears, clothes, pots,
             | pulleys, ships, buildings, bridges, computers? I don't
             | think so.
             | 
             | 3. Quite a limited study, but I admit it's interesting,
             | thanks.
             | 
             | 4. Building a shiny nest has a functional purpose of
             | signalling sexual desirability to potential mates by
             | building a big decorated nest. There is no evidence any
             | animal has a sense of aesthetics as such.
             | 
             | 5. Birdsong has a functional purpose of communication and
             | sexual mate-finding. There is no evidence any animal has a
             | sense of aesthetics as such.
             | 
             | 6. First sentence of your link: "There is no evidence that
             | any non-human animals believe in God or gods, pray,
             | worship, have any notion of metaphysics, create artifacts
             | with ritual significance, or many other behaviours typical
             | of human significance, or many other behaviours typical of
             | human religion."
        
               | convolvatron wrote:
               | I do in general agree with you. but it occurred to me -
               | how many of the behaviors we take as signs of advanced
               | cognition in humans are the result of evolution to
               | improve mating outcome?
        
               | hetspookjee wrote:
               | First of all I don't get why one would take such a
               | dismissive stance on animals while still knowing so
               | little about them. The fact that something stupendous as
               | learning that parrots acknowledge currency is a front
               | page article in 2021 is a mere indication of the poor
               | state of knowledge that we still have.
               | 
               | Regarding the points you make, imagine if there were a
               | evolutionary algorithm that learned to interact with
               | animals such that it can "teach" animals to use certain
               | things to their advantage, and evolve with them. Yes the
               | algorithm has the true intelligence, but these critters
               | have learned themselves to interact with such a device.
               | Now apply this algorithm for generations and make the
               | interaction with such an algorithm part of their nature.
               | I am confident that you'd be suprised how far complex
               | behaviour could go when provided the right stimuli.
               | 
               | Mind you that humanity was a simpleton organism a couple
               | of millenia ago compared to what the modern era human are
               | now. It took millions of years for us to reach this
               | pivoting point where one is able to create the things you
               | mention. I think you attribute a lot of the seeming
               | intelligence humanity has that is learned over cultural
               | habbits, than is intrinsically present. Sure you might
               | argue that culture is part of intelligence.
        
               | krageon wrote:
               | > I don't get why one would take such a dismissive stance
               | on animals while still knowing so little about them.
               | 
               | It is the only way to have such a stance. The more you
               | know, the more you empathise.
        
         | sebzim4500 wrote:
         | Only man makes claims like "only man does such and such".
        
           | vijayr02 wrote:
           | forinti immediately thinks "bs"
        
             | forinti wrote:
             | I bet you two are crows.
        
         | beepbooptheory wrote:
         | Well, if you put a bunch of smart creatures in controlled,
         | contained environment and then create artificial scarcity in
         | that environment, yeah I bet your gonna observe behavior that
         | seems human. We're pretty much in the same boat!
        
       | hetspookjee wrote:
       | I can't imagine that anyone in love with birds is capable of
       | putting them in a cage or on a leash. How could you take away so
       | much freedom yet comfortably state that you love your pet? Sure
       | you might think you treat him well, you pet him every now and
       | then and provide it with some food and care, but is that truly an
       | improvement? Is it better to provide a golden cage than to roam
       | freely? I sure do hope that it will become a world wide taboo to
       | hold birds as pets. If you're such an avid bird enthousiast, why
       | not just stick with feeding the locals? Atleast those are free to
       | decide to visit you or not.
        
         | junon wrote:
         | I have a (large) parrot and I agree with you entirely, though
         | please don't undermine the amount of work _good_ parrot owners
         | put into their ownership.
         | 
         | > I can't imagine that anyone in love with birds is capable of
         | putting them in a cage or on a leash.
         | 
         | Because sometimes there isn't a choice. Birds born into
         | captivity do not re-hab well. Rescues (as is mine) are
         | generally not able to live in the wild if they were just
         | 'released', so _someone_ has to take care of them.
         | 
         | > Sure you might think you treat him well, you pet him every
         | now and then and provide it with some food and care, but is
         | that truly an improvement?
         | 
         | Yes. It is. Over the fifteen Rottweilers, the aggressive man-
         | handling, the forced breeding (even though he hadn't even hit
         | puberty, thus why the breeder no longer wanted him) and the
         | absolutely terrible living conditions he was in - yes, my place
         | of living is a huge improvement.
         | 
         | Further, good bird owners do way more than "just pet him every
         | now and then". You need to give them undivided attention for at
         | least two hours a day. You need to look at every single poop
         | they make around you because it's the first warning sign of
         | health problems. If they're happy, they're generally content
         | where they are.
         | 
         | There's a lot that you're missing here, I think, even though I
         | agree with the overall message. Please don't dillute bird
         | ownership to PETA-esque FUD.
         | 
         | > Is it better to provide a golden cage than to roam freely?
         | 
         | Sometimes, yes. Just like all animal conservancy. If we didn't
         | care to give them better lives than what they had before, then
         | we'd just put them all down wouldn't we? That's what PETA
         | wants, anyway.
         | 
         | > I sure do hope that it will become a world wide taboo to hold
         | birds as pets.
         | 
         | Let's instead put the taboo on _trading_ birds, first. That's
         | the biggest problem. Many birds are ripped out of the wild and
         | sold, usually illegally. These birds not only develop severe
         | depression, but they're often horrible 'pets' as they were not
         | brought up in captivity.
         | 
         | Lastly, birds brought into captivity often have no idea that a
         | life other than their own exists. They're not 'missing out' on
         | anything they're otherwise aware of. In fact, many owners take
         | their birds out to free-fly quite often.
         | 
         | > If you're such an avid bird enthousiast, why not just stick
         | with feeding the locals?
         | 
         | This isn't really a fair comparison, sorry. It's also not
         | applicable in most places in the world - parrots generally come
         | from a few specific places.
        
           | hetspookjee wrote:
           | I feel like we identify strongly with each other to large
           | extents. I too have a pet rabbit that I got from a children
           | zoo. He had severe syphilis infection that we got him treated
           | for and honestly he lives on a golden platter. His life is
           | atleast 2 to 3 hours of intensive interaction, be it from
           | either me or my partner. In addition we monitor his droppings
           | very well, as well as providing a vast amount of diverse
           | foods that we researched. I think this rabbit has practicaly
           | everything that he can possible wish for; except for the vast
           | amounts of space that he needs to run. In addition I can't,
           | like you, put this domesticated creature back into the wild,
           | it will perish most certainly. Though, recently we moved
           | houses where we now have a garden he can, for the first time
           | in a couple of years roam freely in, and it is stunning to
           | notice the speed that he can achieve while running. Mind you,
           | the entire house is his "cage", yes he does have a cage for
           | his toilet but that door is always open.
           | 
           | What I learned from this rabbit is that absolute adores the
           | great food and the amount of pets that he gets, but also how
           | frequently alone he is, or how extremely social this creature
           | is. My life carries on after his pets, but he is just stuck
           | there to wait till either of us is back.
           | 
           | I certainly do not underestimate the amount of care that
           | parrot owners provide to their parrot. I think it might be
           | even more than we do for our rabbit. However, I think the
           | parrot, or any other social animal, would be most happy when
           | flying or running around and socializing with his peers.
           | There are simply some things that even the best "owners" are
           | able to provide.
           | 
           | To go into your arguments:
           | 
           | >Because sometimes there isn't a choice. Birds born into
           | captivity do not re-hab well. Rescues (as is mine) are
           | generally not able to live in the wild if they were just
           | 'released', so someone has to take care of them.
           | 
           | I agree, that is the same situation I have with my rabbi. In
           | these instances I'd say that it is what it is, but to let the
           | pool of pets continue to grow would be a bad thing. A law
           | against the procreation of pets would prevent that, albeit
           | very slowly as this might just take couple of decades till
           | most animals in captivity would perish, as you know parrots
           | can grow over 100.
           | 
           | Like you say, the undivided attention we provide to our pets,
           | but can you also provide him a social dynamic environment
           | like he'd have if he'd be in the wild with his peers?
           | Escaping for his life, fighting for a wife, eagerly searching
           | for food throughout the day. None of that I believe as that
           | is nigh impossible to provide as pet owner. Aviary's are even
           | more horrid as they now still not have the space they'd
           | really need. I have yet to come across one where you can't
           | find a plucked bird (from NL).
           | 
           | >Sometimes, yes. Just like all animal conservancy. If we
           | didn't care to give them better lives than what they had
           | before, then we'd just put them all down wouldn't we? That's
           | what PETA wants, anyway.
           | 
           | I am rather cynical about most animal conservancy programs,
           | as they'd barrely ever get put back in nature and seem most
           | often a front for growing zoos. But for all that do, I think
           | that's great and acceptable, to certain extent.
           | 
           | >Lastly, birds brought into captivity often have no idea that
           | a life other than their own exists. They're not 'missing out'
           | on anything they're otherwise aware of. In fact, many owners
           | take their birds out to free-fly quite often.
           | 
           | I agree for a large part with your arguments here, but not
           | entirely on the not knowing of missing out. Most animals have
           | natural tendencies to express and just do. Some are known,
           | but most are not. Thus I think it's presumptuous to say that
           | a bird doesn't know what it misses
           | 
           | >This isn't really a fair comparison, sorry. It's also not
           | applicable in most places in the world - parrots generally
           | come from a few specific places.
           | 
           | I think it is: Why do people introduce animals in
           | surroundings that do not belong there? If you love your
           | parrot so much, you'd provide him with the best he can
           | possible get, which more than not is whatever surrounding
           | that they're used to. E.g. no polar bears in the desert, and
           | a parrot in a surround that is comparably hot / cold.
           | 
           | Why not stick with authentic, natural originations? I fell in
           | love with magpies and crows and keep them as guards of my
           | rabbit, through some feeding processes. It is truly amazing
           | to see the interaction between the rabbit, and the magpies. I
           | can definitely recommend you to read into magpies. They're
           | possible even more interesting than parrots. Just fall in
           | love with whatever you have around you. Nature is amazing
           | enough as is, and the most boring and simple critters will
           | definitely keep suprising you. You don't need a cage around
           | it. Besides, don't you find observing the natural behaviour
           | even more interesting?
        
         | ta_due_to_apro wrote:
         | While I agree with your overall point (don't keep birds in
         | cages), it's worth mentioning that the quality of life of wild
         | animals is generally awful, with constant bouts of starvation,
         | running for your life from predators and diseases. "Nature" is
         | beautiful, but a harsh mistress, let's avoid romanticizing it.
        
           | hetspookjee wrote:
           | Nature is brutal in every single way, I agree. But the
           | freedom it provides is also compatibel with humans loving
           | animals; they can take care of them without the deprivation
           | of freedom. I don't intend to romanticize nature's freedom,
           | but I intend to point out the conflicting point of view a lot
           | of people seem to have.
        
         | funnyflamigo wrote:
         | Disclaimer: I think everyone in this thread agrees we should
         | try to improve the lives of all animals
         | 
         | > why not just stick with feeding the locals? At least those
         | are free to decide to visit you or not.
         | 
         | This is almost never a good idea (for any animal). Assuming
         | you're feeding them the right type of food (bread is terrible
         | for ducks for example), you're training the animals to rely on
         | humans for food. This both makes it more difficult for them to
         | survive on their own should you stop feeding them, but for some
         | of the potentially aggressive ones (like geese) will become
         | comfortable approaching humans, even the humans who do not want
         | to be near them.
         | 
         | I've read your stance on animal rescue places and I generally
         | agree - most aren't good or are glorified zoos. But I do think
         | there's genuine ones that are helpful, and I think between
         | those and rescues where you can give the animal direct
         | attention are the best ways to humanely assist animals who
         | would otherwise die in the wild.
         | 
         | My problem is with the traders and terrible owners who only use
         | them as a show piece. A good owner should be providing ample
         | enrichment and attention
        
         | girvo wrote:
         | Would this not be true of basically all animals? Why birds and
         | not cats?
         | 
         | (I have neither, I'm genuinely asking, not playing "gotcha")
        
           | amcoastal wrote:
           | Many people who have cats (not all, but many) have ample
           | places for their cat to run around in, and some will even let
           | their cats outdoors. I'm fairly certain the proportion of
           | people who let their cats be "Free Range" is much much larger
           | than the people letting their pet birds fly around.
        
           | hetspookjee wrote:
           | Mostly due to the saying of people "Free as a bird", but also
           | due to the topic of the paper. Though I dont think there
           | should be a difference. I think that no pet should be kept if
           | it requires a leash, cage or any other form of freedom
           | deprivation. Domesticated dogs can be an exception, but in
           | general a pet should choose to be with you because he likes
           | you and doesn't want to go and should be able to leave
           | whenever it desires too.
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | mellavora wrote:
             | I'm glad you make an exception for dogs. I've been attacked
             | by dogs more than once.
             | 
             | Some of these were because it was an ill-treated dog.
             | 
             | Most of the time, however, it is just circumstance. Last
             | weekend, I was jogging on a forest path, rounded a corner
             | and suprised a dog whose owners probably considered it a
             | well-behaved pet-- and the owners looked liked 'responsible
             | members of society' (i.e. not trying to prove they were
             | tough).
             | 
             | The dog was off-leash.
             | 
             | Because both I and the dog were caught off-guard, this
             | immediately turned into an aggressive situation. The dog
             | was threatening to attack me, and the owners had a very
             | hard time getting it to back down-- it wasn't responding to
             | their voice commands, it kept barking and lunging at me.
             | 
             | long story short, from my perspective, any domestic animal
             | weighing above 4kg should always be on a leash when out of
             | the house, as a matter of public safety.
        
               | hetspookjee wrote:
               | I feel you. I have been attacked once and it truly
               | frightened me. I still think most dogs cant be held as
               | most people are to incompetent to care properly for a
               | dog. So my point of view is more that having those dogs
               | in the first place is perhaps a bad idea.
        
         | krageon wrote:
         | > Is it better to provide a golden cage than to roam freely?
         | 
         | Yes, of course it is. That is why a lot of people are nostalgic
         | for their childhood, even though legally and in practice
         | children are slaves to their parents. They have agency only
         | insofar as their parents allow it.
        
       | Fiahil wrote:
       | Amazing! Can we try this with Ravens ?
        
         | piokoch wrote:
         | That would be indeed interesting. Ravens are able to use tools,
         | maybe they will grok currency concept too.
        
           | ArteEtMarte wrote:
           | Behold, the Crow Vending Machine:
           | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iihdP3b6LXw
        
       | PrinceRichard wrote:
       | Look at those pictures. Shame on all who are involved in non-
       | human research. These beings belong in the rain forest, not a
       | plastic box inside a laboratory!
        
         | hetspookjee wrote:
         | Imagine that if you'd have so much funding that you'd be able
         | to cover a km2 in a forest with camera's and microphones, some
         | remote controlled tools and enough food to experiment with. I
         | think one could've made some kind of improvised tool that drops
         | nuts when you handle a coin or something else. The only thing
         | you then have to do is watch for a couple of interactions where
         | one bird hands the other bird a bottle cap to exchange.
         | 
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LJG3282QU4g
         | 
         | Just extend the above experiment with such tracking and I'd
         | think you can reach the same conclusion as this article had,
         | but then with farrrr more comfortable ethics?
        
       | ChuckNorris89 wrote:
       | Wholesome. Made my day.
        
       | thomasfl wrote:
       | The best way for animals to survive in our modern world, would be
       | to help more animals open their own bank account. Large companies
       | won't chop down all that rainforest, and kill the animals, if the
       | rainforest is full of potential customers. Let Adam Smiths
       | invisible hand protect all living things.
        
         | mschuster91 wrote:
         | > The best way for animals to survive in our modern world,
         | would be to help more animals open their own bank account.
         | 
         | The current way things are going, in more and more
         | jurisdictions NGOs and Indigenous tribes can act on the behalf
         | of nature itself in the legal system. It may not be a perfect
         | solution, but it's the best we have until animals can learn to
         | correspond with humans in some way.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | gus_massa wrote:
         | The problem is that humans are more profitable.
         | 
         | Is there is a patch of land, the bank will get more money if
         | some persons cut the trees and grow corn or palms or whatever,
         | instead of having some ants doing some subsistence farming of
         | fungus.
        
         | krageon wrote:
         | > Let Adam Smiths invisible hand protect all living things.
         | 
         | I think this is the first time I've seen a novel stance on
         | rights while reading comments on HN. I can't tell whether or
         | not you are serious, but I very much hope that you are.
        
       | adriand wrote:
       | A fascinating article that once again demonstrates we are just
       | barely scratching the surface when it comes to understanding the
       | intelligence, let alone the lived experience, of other animals.
       | 
       | This reminds me of the recent debate we were having here
       | regarding the conclusion in the UK that lobsters are sentient
       | beings and therefore should be treated with some minimal amount
       | of consideration. A common argument made by those who argued they
       | should not, or should not be placed into a similar category as
       | octopuses, is that lobsters are neuronally less complex than
       | other beings. But here we see that these birds, which also have
       | fewer neurons than other animals we consider to be more
       | "advanced", are capable of remarkably complex behaviours that
       | hint at an interior life we simply do not understand.
       | 
       | We've poured money into SETI to try and answer the anguished
       | question, are we alone? Well, it seems that we aren't, but we
       | might be too stupid and self-absorbed to notice.
        
         | pdpi wrote:
         | > We've poured money into SETI to try and answer the anguished
         | question, are we alone? Well, it seems that we aren't, but we
         | might be too stupid and self-absorbed to notice.
         | 
         | We seriously underestimate other animals' intelligence, but
         | until some other animal on earth puts a flag on the moon, it's
         | safe to say that no other animal on Earth shares our unique
         | brand of intelligence.
        
           | AnIdiotOnTheNet wrote:
           | I don't believe that necessarily follows. How much of what we
           | are is a product of what we've built up? Take all that away
           | and revert humanity to its pre-civilization state. To an
           | outside observer, would we obviously be capable of one day
           | going to the moon?
        
             | pdpi wrote:
             | The moon is a somewhat facetious benchmark, but we
             | harnessed fire some 400k years ago. Agriculture, or more
             | generally culvitating your own food, is another major
             | milestone that happened 10k years ago, or thereabouts.
             | Those are more reasonable, especially because other
             | intelligent species could piggy back off our technology to
             | speed up their own progression.
        
               | adriand wrote:
               | I agree with you that we have a "unique brand" of
               | intelligence but we've gone astray in ascribing a value
               | judgment to that, in my opinion - as in, our brand is the
               | best. Or, our brand is so much better than others that
               | those others are worthless.
               | 
               | This doesn't just apply to other species but also to
               | other ways of being ("cultural intelligences"?) than our
               | neoliberal, capitalist and technology-focused society.
               | Our great technological achievements have been fatal for
               | millions of other species and there is a strong
               | possibility that they will be fatal for us as well. How
               | intelligent is that?
               | 
               | I recognize that when we talk about "intelligence" in the
               | context of the original article we mean something
               | different than the more common sense meaning I used in my
               | last paragraph. However it seems to me that the way we
               | define intelligence is part of the problem. What's a
               | greater achievement, traveling to the moon or living for
               | millions of years in harmony with the natural systems of
               | the planet? Or who is happier, a blue whale or a Walmart
               | employee?
        
               | pdpi wrote:
               | > However it seems to me that the way we define
               | intelligence is part of the problem.
               | 
               | Problem isn't how we define it, the definition we have is
               | useful because it describes a very real qualitative
               | difference between us and other animals. I think you
               | nailed it on your first paragraph: the problem is the
               | value judgment that goes along with that definition.
        
             | TheFreim wrote:
             | Correct me if I'm wrong but it seems like you're saying
             | "take away what humans used their intelligence to build and
             | it'll appear that they aren't intelligent"?
        
               | JCharante wrote:
               | Sounds about right, because if they were intelligent then
               | surely they would have built something is the common line
               | of thinking. So taking away what humans have built and
               | examining them through these same lenses would lead you
               | to conclude that they're not intelligent.
        
           | howdydoo wrote:
           | What's so special about the moon? I say no life should be
           | considered intelligent until they can swim down the Marianas
           | Trench and carve their initials in the wall.
        
         | 123anonanonanon wrote:
         | https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2016/06/160613153411.h...
         | 
         | Birds have more neurons than you think
        
           | rvnx wrote:
           | Birds are smarter than humans because they understood there
           | is value in a shiny metal.
        
             | tokai wrote:
             | #notallbirbs
             | 
             | https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%252Fs10071-014-07
             | 9...
        
         | teknofobi wrote:
         | This reminds me of the short story "The Great Silence" by Ted
         | Chiang, so I can recommend that to anyone intrigued by your
         | comment.
        
           | telesilla wrote:
           | I believe this: http://m.nautil.us/issue/75/story/the-great-
           | silence
        
         | adriand wrote:
         | Several people have objected to my use of the phrase "poured
         | money into SETI". To clarify:
         | 
         | 1. I agree that "poured" is an overstatement (and I support
         | spending more!)
         | 
         | 2. However, by "SETI" I did not mean NASA's SETI program but
         | more broadly, programs and research with the goal of finding
         | extraterrestrial life and then subsequently, extraterrestrial
         | intelligence. Do the Mars rovers, for example, fit into this
         | broader SETI category? It's debatable.
         | 
         | What I was really referring to, however, is our myopia when it
         | comes to seeking evidence that we aren't alone. Imagine we did
         | receive a radio transmission from outer space. How much money
         | would we spend on understanding it, and the beings that sent
         | it? I'd wager the sums would be vast.
         | 
         | Meanwhile, there are apparently only ten vaquitas (a species of
         | porpoise) left in the world. Science was unaware of this
         | species until 1958. We know cetaceans are incredibly
         | intelligent, but what if vaquitas are far more intelligent than
         | we suspect? I expect that what we don't know about them far
         | outweighs what we do. What if they, or some other species we've
         | either destroyed or almost destroyed, are the "aliens" we're
         | looking for?
         | 
         | I know this seems like a stretch, but just how confident are we
         | about this? If you look at what we've learned about animals in
         | the past century, how much more might we learn in the next ten
         | centuries? How much would we have learned had we not killed
         | them?
        
         | sandworm101 wrote:
         | Poured money into SETI? Which money is that? SETI hasn't
         | recieved meaningful public funding for a long while, decades.
         | As a species, we spend more on makeup glitter than we do on
         | searching for extraterrestrial intelligence.
         | 
         | The vast majority of seti is about combing through _data from
         | other projects_. Basically zero telescope time is used for
         | actually looking. Every candidate signal (ie BLC1) is
         | discovered after the event. And zero telescopes are actively
         | listening for repeat signals.
        
         | fnord77 wrote:
         | there's a certain type of person who are big fans of SETI type
         | projects. They're quick to say that if there's a mars colony,
         | they'd go in an instant. But this type rarely ventures out from
         | the warmth of their computer den. They never go mountain
         | climbing or scuba diving or even camping. They get out of
         | breath from walking from their car to the doritos section at
         | the store. I think this type of person just wants fantasy.
        
         | landryraccoon wrote:
         | > We've poured money into SETI
         | 
         | I'm going to echo here that this is categorically false. All
         | government funding for SETI was canceled in 1993. So, unless
         | you believe _zero_ dollars is pouring money into SETI, this is
         | misinformation.
        
         | superkuh wrote:
         | Another problem is when people argue based off words rather
         | than knowledge of the subject.
         | 
         | The differences between the meager number of neurons and simple
         | layout in a lobster and the extremely large and complex nervous
         | system of an octopus are in no way comparable to the
         | differences in nervous system complexity between a human and a
         | bird. A lobster literally can be understood. It's nervous
         | system is that simple, only ~100,000 neurons in small groups
         | (less than a fruit fly!). There is very little mystery in it's
         | operation. It is feasibly enumberable, developmentally
         | predictable, and it's parts are knowable in function. It is not
         | conscious like a mammal, bird, or octopus is conscious.
         | 
         | Bird and human brains are of a similar order of complexity.
         | Complex enough we can't even begin to hope to understand the
         | functioning yet.
        
           | krageon wrote:
           | > It is not conscious like a mammal, bird, or octopus is
           | conscious.
           | 
           | I do not see how you could know this, because consciousness
           | and how it forms is exceptionally poorly understood. If in
           | the past two years major breakthroughs have happened on this
           | subject I would love to read about it. Perhaps you can point
           | me in the right direction.
        
             | superkuh wrote:
             | You don't need anything discovered in the last 40 years to
             | be able to state that lobsters are not sentient. But,
             | Rodolfo R Llinas' "I of the Vortex: From Neurons to Self"
             | is a really great book that explores the underpinings of
             | sentience from single neurons on up. The tldr; is that the
             | structures which seem to be necessary (if not sufficient)
             | for consciousness in mammals (like 30-40 Hz thalamo-
             | cortical loops) do not and cannot exist in the structures
             | provided by the lobster nervous system. Do lobsters have
             | some seperate, unrelated implementation of sentience?
             | There's no behavioral evidence to support it. They're just
             | big insects. I think anyone claiming that 100k neurons can
             | support sentience needs to be providing the proof, not me
             | providing the context and evidence for why not.
        
           | jschwartzi wrote:
           | What proof do you have that enumeration of function is
           | equivalent to understanding? If I encounter a building-size
           | device filled with large cogs and two stones, I can't
           | immediately tell from looking at it whether its purpose is to
           | grind apples or wheat. So I'm not sure you can say that an
           | animal is or isn't sentient based on the organization of its
           | cells.
        
         | Dumblydorr wrote:
         | I'd say SETI is worth the effort. In the unlikely event we
         | found another civilization, it would be the death blow to any
         | religion who professes we alone were created, and in God's
         | image. In one fell swoop, SETI could've been a Galileo or
         | Copernicus and advanced rationality a century or two against
         | the forces of mythology and religious superstition.
        
           | gwd wrote:
           | _Are_ there any widely practiced religions which claim that
           | humans _alone_ were created in God 's image?
        
           | jancsika wrote:
           | > it would be the death blow to any religion who professes we
           | alone were created
           | 
           | Sentient lobsters are sentient lobsters, but another
           | civilization could be _anything_!
           | 
           | Why, it could even be sentient lobsters.
           | 
           | (Apologies to Family Guy.)
        
         | tokai wrote:
         | >We've poured money into SETI
         | 
         | Poured is a gross overstatement.
        
           | bbarnett wrote:
           | You misunderstand what is happening.
           | 
           | For SETI to be safe, first we must ensure we are safe! And
           | that requires funding, funding into the military, to test,
           | and develop our weaponry, our soldiers, to ensure that when
           | those alien hordes hear our signals, we are ready for them!!
           | 
           | You don't want to destroy us all, to give in to those evil,
           | ungodly alien hordes, do you Mr President?
           | 
           |  _Do you?!_
           | 
           |  _Soon..._
           | 
           | Military funding approved!
        
         | tzs wrote:
         | > We've poured money into SETI to try and answer the anguished
         | question, are we alone? Well, it seems that we aren't, but we
         | might be too stupid and self-absorbed to notice.
         | 
         | There was an episode of the second season of the new "Cosmos"
         | where they looked at SETI.
         | 
         | One of the points of the episode was that we might be looking
         | right at intelligent life and not even recognize it. We tend to
         | only see intelligence when it comes from an individual organism
         | with a brain. We tend to dismiss or not even consider other
         | ways there might be intelligence and gave a couple examples
         | from here on Earth.
         | 
         | One example was bees. A bee hive as a group exhibits
         | intelligent-like behavior beyond what an individual bee is
         | capable of.
         | 
         | Another example was forests. Underground in forests there is a
         | vast network of mycelium linking the plants together. When
         | something bad happens to a tree that gets communicated through
         | the mycelium network to other trees and they react making
         | changes to better cope with the threat. It operates very
         | similarly to a nervous system for the whole forest, but much
         | slower than animal nervous systems.
         | 
         | If most intelligence in the universe is hive minds or is big
         | slow brains like planet-spanning mycelium networks we might
         | completely overlook it.
        
           | sroussey wrote:
           | Mostly we want to find life elsewhere that is interstellar.
           | We look for side effects of tools, like radio frequency.
           | 
           | I suppose an advanced civilization between planets or even
           | stars might have migrated off radio signals though.
        
             | sroussey wrote:
             | Or they might have learned that the galaxy is dangerous and
             | masked any such signals. !!
        
           | hutzlibu wrote:
           | "If most intelligence in the universe is hive minds or is big
           | slow brains like planet-spanning mycelium networks we might
           | completely overlook it."
           | 
           | Or intelligent life made up off entirely other principles(and
           | with very different goals to survive), than what we know. Do
           | we understand what is going on inside of jupiter? Or inside
           | the sun? Maybe there is life, that starts to evolve at
           | certain pressures and temperatures? Well, maybe not likely,
           | but I am glad, that the self centered philosophy, that the
           | sun and the whole universe all are moving around us humans
           | who are on top of it all, fades a bit more. I mean, we
           | clearly are awesome at technology and so far we have not seen
           | much technology from any other species. But maybe very
           | advanced life has no need for our tech anymore, so we would
           | not spot it, by looking for it.
        
             | 867-5309 wrote:
             | >maybe very advanced life has no need for our tech anymore,
             | so we would not spot it, by looking for it.
             | 
             | such as the zoo hypothesis:
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoo_hypothesis
        
           | polishdude20 wrote:
           | I think when we talk about finding intelligent life, what we
           | really mean is "intelligent life on other planets". We know
           | there's intelligence here on earth in those examples you
           | describe. But what of it? We are already studying those
           | things and trying to understand them. What's groundbreaking
           | is not that there is intelligent life, but that there might
           | be on different planets.
        
         | netcan wrote:
         | There are two ways to approach such findings. One is to think
         | of birds/lobsters/octopuses as more cognitively complex,
         | intelligent and such. The other is to think of ourselves as
         | less so.
         | 
         | Sometimes the latter probably is more true.
         | 
         | By way of analogy... When I was a pup studying philosophy, we
         | studied the "other minds problem." How do we know what others
         | feel and experience? Are we sure they're not faking it? How
         | well can we understand another's mind? It's an old problem, and
         | the philosophical tradition of questions, answers and arguments
         | are rather old and formulaic.
         | 
         | I think newer thinking, both scientific and philosophical,
         | tends to reverse the "problem." We understand others by forming
         | a mental model of them, narrated with feelings and experiences.
         | This is a lot like we understand ourselves.
         | 
         | We really do understand ourselves much like we understand
         | others. Same mechanisms, more or less, I think. Mental model of
         | a person + constant narratives to explain choices, feelings and
         | such.
         | 
         | You can either think of this as a solution to the "other minds
         | problem" or a further problem.
        
           | OneTimePetes wrote:
           | Eh, wasn't this refuted?
           | 
           | We tend to not have mental models of others at all. Our
           | brains run "flat" copies of ourselves and any deviation from
           | that model, results in discomfort and categorization as
           | either "inferior" or "superior" depending on visible outcome
           | of actions. The effect of "genius" is, that seemingly stupid
           | choices by others result in perceivable good outcomes,
           | without us having a mental model to fill that gap.
           | 
           | So we do not have mental models for others- at all. We have a
           | world filled with copies of ourselves and at best a zoe of
           | heuristics and anecdata, were the "other" begins and ends.
           | 
           | The closest you get to having a real mental model- is a
           | longterm relationship and getting to know that partner really
           | well. And even then..
        
             | monocasa wrote:
             | We absolutely have theories of mind.
        
             | circlefavshape wrote:
             | Erm ... running a copy of yourself with other-person-
             | specific modifications IS a mental model
        
         | mejutoco wrote:
         | And plants too, we do not see in this way. I am reading
         | Overstory, from Richard Powers. Apart from bring beautiful
         | stories, it shows how plants are not too different, when looked
         | at a different timescale.
         | 
         | I believe we consider more advanced what looks more like us
         | (dog yes, insect no).
        
       | JoeDaDude wrote:
       | The experiments were done with African grey parrots, reminding me
       | of another member of that species, Alex the Parrot [1]. Alex was
       | taught patiently over many years with very intriguing results
       | showing that Alex could communicate with his human handlers.
       | 
       | [1]. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alex_(parrot)
        
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