[HN Gopher] Apple sues NSO Group to curb the abuse of state-spon...
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       Apple sues NSO Group to curb the abuse of state-sponsored spyware
        
       Author : todsacerdoti
       Score  : 1089 points
       Date   : 2021-11-23 18:04 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.apple.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.apple.com)
        
       | ramijames wrote:
       | As an Israeli, NSO is deeply embarassing. I do not understand why
       | this is allowed to continue.
        
         | giorgioz wrote:
         | Thank you for sharing. Even though I'm not Israelian and Jewish
         | and I speak for someone else country I support your idea and
         | provide these arguments in favor:
         | 
         | Yes I also believe that financing NSO goes against the founding
         | principles of Israel. NSO Pegasus was used by the Hungarian
         | secret service to spy on journalists.
         | https://www.theguardian.com/news/2021/jul/18/viktor-orban-us...
         | 
         | Orban, the prime minister of Hungary is turning more
         | authoritarian by the day.
         | 
         | Hungary displayed plenty of antisemitism well before the Nazi
         | German occupation in 1944:
         | https://www.ushmm.org/information/exhibitions/online-exhibit...
         | 
         | I'm not an Israelian and I'm not Jewish but if I was I would
         | most certainly be even more opposed to sell cyber weapons to
         | authoritian governments, especially the ones whose
         | authoritarians regimes of the past contributed to the
         | holocaust.
        
         | tentacleuno wrote:
         | There is a lot of money on NSO Group. I'm not really surprised
         | they're being given the green light, especially by the
         | government.
        
       | Adamantisa wrote:
       | Court has no jurisdiction over NSO. At most, it was foreign
       | international persons who accepted iCloud's terms and conditions.
       | They'd have to identify them, prove that they are linked to NSO,
       | and in fact acting on behalf of NSO in their official capacity.
       | And even after that, they'd just not travel under their real
       | names, or even not travel at all, and that's that.
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | Siira wrote:
       | So that we are only spied on by bigger agents (e.g., China), and
       | Apple can continue to lie to the roof about how its anti-user,
       | anti-competitive behaviors are for our own good, and are not mere
       | security theater designed first and foremost to enforce Apple's
       | rent-seeking.
        
       | hfern wrote:
       | What other goodies will they find during discovery?
       | 
       | Hopefully the public can get snippets like in Epic Games v.
       | Apple.
        
         | nazgulsenpai wrote:
         | Isn't NSO Group an Israeli firm with close ties to government?
         | I strongly doubt anything will come of this.
        
           | simion314 wrote:
           | Can an upset judge decide to put the NSO leaders and
           | employees on a terrorist list? They could argue it was an
           | attack on national security if they can show some important
           | person from US would have been hacked by a foreign
           | government.
           | 
           | Then if EU could put the same guys also on the list maybe
           | there would be some effects.
        
             | JumpCrisscross wrote:
             | > _Can an upset judge decide to put the NSO leaders and
             | employees on a terrorist list?_
             | 
             | They can hold them in contempt, which leads to arrest
             | warrants. Default judgements can then enable the creditor,
             | in this case Apple, to start seizing assets. But TL; DR no,
             | a judge can't put someone on a terrorist list; that's a
             | national security and thus executive function.
        
             | monocasa wrote:
             | > Can an upset judge decide to put the NSO leaders and
             | employees on a terrorist list?
             | 
             | For not replying to an EULA suit? I sure hope not, as much
             | as I'd like to see NSO nailed to the wall.
        
             | Dma54rhs wrote:
             | At least one of the founders can be found from American
             | homesoil NYC but we know very well nothing will come out of
             | it because of the Israeli love story Americans have.
        
             | nazgulsenpai wrote:
             | I'm talking about the discovery process. Will we learn
             | anything we don't know already if NSO isn't required to
             | cooperate? Probably not.
        
               | corin_ wrote:
               | A piece of advice I was given once and try to remember to
               | follow is to, when commenting online, think "does this
               | comment seem wrong if read out of context".
               | 
               | For example you wouldn't have had to come back to explain
               | the context of your comment if your "I strongly doubt
               | anything will come of this." had ended with "..come of
               | this in discovery."
        
           | monocasa wrote:
           | I'm imagining just a screen shot of a middle finger in
           | response to discovery requests.
        
           | rodgerd wrote:
           | NSO have started threating to release dirt on Israeli
           | politicians because they are unhappy that the Israeli
           | government isn't covering for them.
        
             | LegitShady wrote:
             | source? My thought is if you tried this in israel the
             | actual intelligence apparatus would have you picked up
             | pretty quickly and in a dark hole for as long as they
             | wanted.
        
               | monocasa wrote:
               | They are part of the actual intelligence apparatus, or at
               | least former. The execs are former members of Unit 8200,
               | the Israeli SIGINT org. And companies like their's are
               | where former IDF SIGINT officers go after service. And
               | their company is a major piece of Israeli diplomacy;
               | access to their software was one of the carrots Israel
               | has been using to push gulf state away from Iran.
        
               | LegitShady wrote:
               | So no source and no understanding that because of
               | compulsive military service most of Israel is ex military
               | and no intelligence agency will allow the government to
               | be blackmailed by a private intelligence firm?
               | 
               | Seems like a conspiracy theorist to me.
        
       | monocasa wrote:
       | Where did they sue NSO group? If it's a US suit, I don't see that
       | meaning much. Why wouldn't NSO just ignore it in that case?
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | kingcharles wrote:
         | "Venue", meaning where the suit may take place, is a
         | complicated legal beast. Apple is in the US. NSO Group agreed
         | to certain T+Cs when they opened their fake iCloud accounts.
         | That T+C probably says you agreed to be sued in California.
        
         | CubsFan1060 wrote:
         | The pdf was literally right in the link:
         | https://www.apple.com/newsroom/pdfs/Apple_v_NSO_Complaint_11...
         | 
         | UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT NORTHERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA
         | SAN JOSE DIVISION
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | 0des wrote:
           | A portion of the community only reads the headlines and forms
           | their opinion based on that alone, I'm not saying it's right,
           | I'm just trying to add some context to what appears to be
           | your incredulity at the parent commenter's question.
        
             | monocasa wrote:
             | I read the whole article, but didn't read the entirety of
             | the separate element that first contained the link to the
             | article as printer friendly text.
             | 
             | There's a pretty big UX failure to stick important content
             | there.
        
               | [deleted]
        
           | kingcharles wrote:
           | I read the whole article and then came here to ask if anyone
           | knew the court and case number. Now I feel stupid.
        
           | kingcharles wrote:
           | It's not live on PACER yet sadly so I can't get a case
           | number.
        
         | mataug wrote:
         | Could the company and its executives could be sanctioned based
         | on this court case ?
        
           | JumpCrisscross wrote:
           | > _Could the company and its executives could be sanctioned
           | based on this court case_
           | 
           | It already has been [1].
           | 
           | [1] https://www.commerce.gov/news/press-
           | releases/2021/11/commerc...
        
           | monocasa wrote:
           | Under what law?
        
             | JumpCrisscross wrote:
             | > _Under what law?_
             | 
             | NSO used Apple's services, thereby agreeing to U.S.
             | jurisdiction. (It also deals in dollars and has customers
             | in America.) If it ignores U.S. courts, it would be held in
             | contempt at the very least. That enables the Feds to start
             | freezing and confiscating assets, possibly even issuing
             | arrest warrants. That happens domestically first and
             | through treaties second.
             | 
             | Given how much bad blood NSO has generated for itself in
             | D.C., it would be more surprising if this didn't get
             | escalated to a diplomatic level.
        
               | monocasa wrote:
               | There's no way it hasn't been escalated to a diplomatic
               | level already, that's probably the biggest impediment to
               | the suit doing anything. Both NSO's host country and
               | client base get an incredible amount of protection from
               | the state department.
        
               | JumpCrisscross wrote:
               | This doesn't take into account recent events, _e.g._ the
               | U.S. sanctioning NSO after their dealings in India and
               | with American police departments was confirmed.
               | 
               | In any case, this is a civil suit in federal courts. Even
               | if State wanted to intervene, it would have to do so
               | through informal channels.
        
               | monocasa wrote:
               | Their website is still up, posting news, hosted on AWS on
               | one of the us-west AZs.
               | 
               | The US is going at them with less vigor than a whack-a-
               | mole torrent site de jure.
               | 
               | > In any case, this is a civil suit in federal courts.
               | Even if State wanted to intervene, it would have to do so
               | through informal channels.
               | 
               | But didn't we just agree that the federal court system is
               | pretty toothless here without the support of the state
               | department?
        
               | freejazz wrote:
               | The federal court could only ever do what a federal court
               | could do which is levy sanctions or judgments against NSO
               | property.
        
               | monocasa wrote:
               | Against US based NSO property, practically speaking.
        
               | JumpCrisscross wrote:
               | > _US based NSO property, practically speaking_
               | 
               | Nope. Not only does Israel have an extradition treaty
               | with the U.S., their civil systems are quite tightly
               | linked.
               | 
               | [1] https://www.state.gov/wp-
               | content/uploads/2019/02/07-110-Isra...
        
               | monocasa wrote:
               | Extradition has next to nothing to do with a civil EULA
               | suit.
        
               | JumpCrisscross wrote:
               | > _Extradition has next to nothing to do with a civil
               | EULA suit_
               | 
               | The following has been mentioned elsewhere in the thread.
               | If NSO blows off the EULA suit, they'll be held in
               | contempt of court. That tends to escalate into the type
               | of thing for which one can be extradited.
        
               | freejazz wrote:
               | They wont be held in contempt, the court will decide the
               | case in their default. That's what happens when you don't
               | appear for a civil lawsuit.
        
               | monocasa wrote:
               | You say that tends to happen, but I can't seem to find a
               | single case where civil no show and non payment escalated
               | to criminal foreign extradition. Do you have any examples
               | of this?
        
               | freejazz wrote:
               | "That enables the Feds to start freezing and confiscating
               | assets, possibly even issuing arrest warrants. That
               | happens domestically first and through treaties second."
               | 
               | It's a civil case.
        
               | JumpCrisscross wrote:
               | > _It 's a civil case_
               | 
               | If you perjure yourself in a civil case, you've committed
               | a crime. Contempt of court is, similarly, a (process)
               | crime.
        
               | monocasa wrote:
               | It's not a crime to simply not show up. Default judgement
               | that they won't ever pay, and everyone moves on with
               | their lives.
        
               | freejazz wrote:
               | They will have assets in the US that can be attached
        
               | monocasa wrote:
               | How? They're on the entity list.
        
             | mataug wrote:
             | Lobbying and political pressure with the result of this
             | case being used as tool ?
        
               | monocasa wrote:
               | More lobbying and political pressure than the Israeli
               | government already exudes over the US? And NSO's clients
               | too? Not likely.
        
               | JumpCrisscross wrote:
               | > _More lobbying and political pressure than the Israeli
               | government already exudes over the US?_
               | 
               | NSO is already on the Entity List, a part of the U.S.
               | sanctions regime. This has been amply discussed, but TL;
               | DR they lost their friends in Washington.
        
               | monocasa wrote:
               | Did it affect them?
        
               | JumpCrisscross wrote:
               | > _Did it affect them?_
               | 
               | Anecdotally, yes. They lost their U.S. customer base. And
               | bank and securities firms are closing their and their
               | employees' accounts.
        
       | estranhosidade wrote:
       | >make products/services more secure
       | 
       | >sue others to make them stop trying to hack your
       | products/services
       | 
       | Chooses the second one. I'm pretty sure this is just a PR stunt
       | for Apple to try to appeal and brand themselves as "oh, we stand
       | for security" and all the other bullshit.
        
         | wds wrote:
         | Why do you think it's out of the question to do both? Their
         | legal department aren't software engineers too at the same
         | time.
        
         | Gigachad wrote:
         | Both is the best option. Unfortunately there is just about
         | nothing you can do to prevent a government sponsored org from
         | building exploits from scratch to target certain individuals.
         | Apple is doing pretty well at protecting the average person
         | from mass malware like we see on windows and outdated androids.
        
         | H8crilA wrote:
         | Chooses both, as far as I can tell.
        
         | tentacleuno wrote:
         | I can see why you think the need for legal intervention
         | suggests fundamental insecurities in Apple's devices, but
         | wouldn't you agree that it (in theory) is better to take both
         | approaches?
        
       | FridayoLeary wrote:
       | Apple sues NSO Group to curb the abuse of state-sponsored spyware
       | 
       | I'm quite cynical about this press release. The key point in the
       | title is that Apple are cool with state-sponsored spyware, it's
       | just _abuse_ of it that bothers them. Also why did they wait so
       | long to file this. I don 't think it's because they lacked
       | evidence until now. Perhaps they think such a lawsuit will is now
       | expected of them otherwise they will lose face, and that they
       | have the general backing of the public now. I remember some
       | months ago showed that Apple already had grounds to sue for
       | copyright infringement. Either way, Apple is stepping into a
       | political minefield. Buy popcorn and expect fireworks. Big ones.
        
       | rStar wrote:
       | apple makes their own hardware and software. our devices are
       | insecure by apples choice. making this "statement" and "lawsuit"
       | utter farce.
        
       | joecool1029 wrote:
       | Link to the docket (including complaint) for those interested:
       | https://www.courtlistener.com/docket/61570971/apple-inc-v-ns...
        
         | thanatos519 wrote:
         | I am interested to see what evidence ends up on the public
         | record.
        
       | einpoklum wrote:
       | *Apple VP of SW Engineering: "Apple devices are the most secure
       | consumer hardware on the market"*
       | 
       | ... except for how Apple sends a copy of all of your data that
       | passes through their servers to the NSA. No, I'm not espousing a
       | conspiracy theory, this has been brought to light by Edward
       | Snowden's revelations. Now, we don't know how much of the data on
       | Apple phones gets sent to Apple's servers, so it's not literally
       | everything on your phone, but at least everything that's backed
       | up remotely, and possibly more.
       | 
       | So, pot calling the kettle black.
       | 
       | ---
       | 
       | *"to curb the abuse of state-sponsored spyware"*
       | 
       | Note that Apple is not saying "to prevent", only "to curb". But
       | even worse than that, they're saying "curb abuse", not "curb
       | use", as though that type of state spying is not inherently
       | abusive.
       | 
       | ---
       | 
       | *"State-sponsored actors like the NSO Group spend millions of
       | dollars on sophisticated surveillance technologies without
       | effective accountability. That needs to change,"*
       | 
       | Apple has a larger R&D budget than most world states. In fact,
       | Apple themselves probably spend more money on sophisticated
       | surveillance technologies than half the world's states combined.
       | Certainly if we count things like dynamic image analysis from all
       | those cameras on phones and cars and such. Why is it an
       | unaccountable foreign corporation better than a government?
       | They're both pretty bad.
        
         | smoldesu wrote:
         | Friendly heads-up: if you try to say anything negative about
         | Apple here on Hacker News, people will tend to downvote you out
         | of cognitive dissonance alone. It doesn't matter if what you're
         | saying is the truth, the people here just really like to
         | roleplay as security experts and pretend like Apple is somehow
         | different from the other PRISM-compliant corporations.
        
           | dang wrote:
           | This isn't remotely true, as anyone can see for themselves
           | using the search box at the bottom of every page.
           | 
           | Please don't post unsubstantive comments here, such as
           | spurious generalizations about the community. The people who
           | feel the opposite way about $BigCo make exactly the opposite
           | spurious generalizations--the dominant variable affecting
           | this is the passions of the perceiver. In other words, it is
           | in the eye of the beholder.
           | 
           | https://hn.algolia.com/?dateRange=all&page=0&prefix=true&que.
           | ..
           | 
           | https://hn.algolia.com/?dateRange=all&page=0&prefix=true&que.
           | ..
           | 
           | https://news.ycombinator.com/newsguidelines.html
        
       | gbajson wrote:
       | "We have no clue how our software works, so we will sue you".
       | 
       | It's a disaster from any point of view. Also ineffective.
       | 
       | They could easily designate not 10M, but 100M for bug bounties
       | and simply solve their problems.
        
       | 14 wrote:
       | What about Apples own spyware they were going to force on users
       | to scan for CSAM did they ever make a final decision on what they
       | were going to do with that? Update to iOS 15 is what they
       | recommend but then it is Apple spying on you not some foreign
       | companies. I don't want either.
        
       | theknocker wrote:
       | Why the fuck is it up to Apple and not the fucking U.S. military?
        
       | strict9 wrote:
       | It is great to see this happen.
       | 
       | It's also fascinating that the crux of the Apple's case against
       | NSO hinges on NSO engineers that accepted iCloud's terms and
       | conditions.
       | 
       | From related NYT article:
       | 
       | > _The sample of Pegasus gave Apple a forensic understanding of
       | how Pegasus worked. The company found that NSO's engineers had
       | created more than 100 fake Apple IDs to carry out their attacks.
       | In the process of creating those accounts, NSO's engineers would
       | have had to agree to Apple's iCloud Terms and Conditions, which
       | expressly require that iCloud users' engagement with Apple "be
       | governed by the laws of the state of California."
       | 
       | The clause helped Apple bring its lawsuit against NSO in the
       | Northern District of California._
       | 
       | https://www.nytimes.com/2021/11/23/technology/apple-nso-grou...
        
         | fragmede wrote:
         | Is it great? The lawsuit is Apple trying to enforce the iCloud
         | EULA to stop reverse engineering. While NSO Group created
         | hacking tools, and then did some questionable things with them,
         | do we really want those inane licenses no one reads, and
         | everyone scrolls down to hit [agree]; do we really want them to
         | legally binding? Put another way, if it was someone HN _liked_
         | , would we still say this is actually good? Because compared to
         | the corporation known as Apple, NSO Group and its parent
         | corporation are still "a little guy", and this move really
         | doesn't seem like a good thing. Not for hackers in the HN
         | definition for hackers, ie highly motivated tinkerers.
         | 
         | This community features not just fans of reverse engineering,
         | but number of practitioners, eg the popular Nvidia TSEC key
         | extraction that was featured recently[0]. The defendant's
         | actions make them an easy target, but, like the ACLU protecting
         | the civil rights of murderers, because we still live in a
         | nation of laws, I don't see this as great. This is a
         | continuation of Apple's continued use of lawsuits to silence
         | any challenges to their marketing of being the secure computer
         | choice (eg Apple suing Corellium[1]) rather than their products
         | _actually_ being secure.
         | 
         | [0] https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=29315378
         | 
         | [1] https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=28219278
        
           | JohnFen wrote:
           | > While NSO Group created hacking tools, and then did some
           | questionable things with them
           | 
           | Wow, that's some serious softballing there. At a minimum, The
           | NSO Group knowingly facilitates criminal activity. They
           | shouldn't be treated as if they were a legitimate
           | organization.
        
           | himinlomax wrote:
           | Forcing opaque, possibly abusive EULAs on individuals is one
           | thing, using them against organizations is another. In most
           | jurisdictions, many terms routinely found in contracts
           | between businesses are invalid when an individual is a party
           | due to consumer protection laws. Take renting. In many places
           | you typically can't rent out a dilapidated home to someone
           | even if they agreed to it explicitly, but you can lease any
           | location in any state to a business.
           | 
           | Unlike individuals, organizations are expected to be have the
           | resources to handle the legalities and to not be pressured
           | into a terrible deal by circumstances.
        
           | matheusmoreira wrote:
           | > do we really want those inane licenses no one reads, and
           | everyone scrolls down to hit [agree]; do we really want them
           | to legally binding?
           | 
           | In this case the contract was made between two businesses.
           | Consumers deserve protection because they are naturally
           | disadvantaged. Companies with fully staffed legal departments
           | really have no excuse.
        
           | 2OEH8eoCRo0 wrote:
           | A court can decide. Apple and many others have been harmed by
           | this so it makes sense that somebody should be able to sue.
        
             | dylan604 wrote:
             | It seems many laws are written in the hopes everyone just
             | agrees, but secretly hoping it is never challenged in
             | court. The easiest hurdle put in place is standing in legal
             | terms. That's one bit I have trouble with how laws are
             | challenged is that if a bad law is enacted, it should be
             | able to be challenged immediately through courts to knock
             | it back vs having to wait for the first person to be
             | directly affected by the law to also have the means to
             | mount the legal challenge.
        
           | acdha wrote:
           | It's not just the iCloud terms of service, though -- they're
           | using that to strengthen the case that NSO agreed to the
           | jurisdiction of California courts but they're relying on the
           | CFAA and especially the claim that the access to the users'
           | device was not authorized by that user.
           | 
           | It would be really interesting to see what precedent comes
           | out of this case and especially how that would affect a
           | future case where Apple claims a violation of their terms of
           | service but the user fully consented to that use.
        
             | xxpor wrote:
             | >they're relying on the CFAA and especially the claim that
             | the access to the users' device was not authorized by that
             | user.
             | 
             | What's their theory of standing to sue over damage to their
             | customers?
             | 
             | Edit: the main point is this (from the CFAA count):
             | 
             | Defendants' actions caused Apple to incur a loss as defined
             | by 18 U.S.C. SS 1030(e)(11), in an amount in excess of
             | $5,000 during a one-year period, including the expenditure
             | of resources to investigate and remediate Defendants'
             | conduct. Apple is entitled to compensatory damages in an
             | amount to be proven at trial, as well as injunctive relief
             | or other equitable relief. See 18 U.S.C. SS 1030(g).
        
               | ethbr0 wrote:
               | 18 U.S.C. SS 1030(e)(11)
               | https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/18/1030
               | 
               |  _" (11) the term "loss" means any reasonable cost to any
               | victim, including the cost of responding to an offense,
               | conducting a damage assessment, and restoring the data,
               | program, system, or information to its condition prior to
               | the offense, and any revenue lost, cost incurred, or
               | other consequential damages incurred because of
               | interruption of service;"_
               | 
               | 18 U.S.C. SS 1030(g) "
               | 
               |  _" (g) Any person who suffers damage or loss by reason
               | of a violation of this section may maintain a civil
               | action against the violator to obtain compensatory
               | damages and injunctive relief or other equitable relief.
               | A civil action for a violation of this section may be
               | brought only if the conduct involves 1 of the factors set
               | forth in subclauses [5] (I), (II), (III), (IV), or (V) of
               | subsection (c)(4)(A)(i). Damages for a violation
               | involving only conduct described in subsection
               | (c)(4)(A)(i)(I) are limited to economic damages. No
               | action may be brought under this subsection unless such
               | action is begun within 2 years of the date of the act
               | complained of or the date of the discovery of the damage.
               | No action may be brought under this subsection for the
               | negligent design or manufacture of computer hardware,
               | computer software, or firmware."_
               | 
               | I assume "negligent" is used in the legal sense? But
               | it'll be curious if NSO claims they're not liable for
               | selling flaws that already existed in Apple *ware.
        
               | freejazz wrote:
               | They'd have to prove that Apple was negligent to sell
               | software with flaws, but that's gonna be tough
               | considering that much software has flaws.
        
               | ethbr0 wrote:
               | Agreed. I'd assume that's what the large number of words
               | related to "Apple demonstrates an outstanding security
               | record, etc etc" is aimed at. And it's a fair argument:
               | nothing is bugless.
        
               | tentacleuno wrote:
               | > They'd have to prove that Apple was negligent to sell
               | software with flaws, but that's gonna be tough
               | considering that much software has flaws.
               | 
               | It does carry a strange irony when Apple keep saying they
               | have the best security after iOS has been very badly
               | hacked by nation state actors, though. I'm not saying
               | their security isn't good, but I would have rathered
               | "we're fixing X things" than security hyperbole.
        
               | freejazz wrote:
               | Thanks for sharing your marketing preferences.
        
           | SavantIdiot wrote:
           | > Put another way, if it was someone HN liked,
           | 
           | I'm sure no one reads TSLA EULAs either.
        
           | theginger wrote:
           | What is great is it could bring some much needed clarity on
           | the subject.
           | 
           | A ruling against the EULA might bring some clarity to the
           | limits of powers tech companies have over us.
           | 
           | A ruling for the EULA might shine a light the power these
           | companies DO have and force governments to bring in laws to
           | curb them.
           | 
           | It is not a good situation, where Apple / Microsoft could
           | turn around and say to someone who broke the EULA or perhaps
           | even to someone who didn't, we are revoking our agreement you
           | can no longer use our software. Leaving them virtually
           | unemployable in many sectors, and similarly they are in the
           | position to absolutely cripple the vast majority of
           | businesses with the same tactics.
        
             | ethbr0 wrote:
             | What normal people probably want is the state of affairs
             | that historically existed:
             | 
             | Government (legislative) mandates via law what rights
             | consumers are entitled to, that cannot be stripped from
             | them.
             | 
             | Companies are free to request waiving or agreeing to
             | anything not enumerated in the above.
             | 
             | What's broken down recently is that legislatures aren't
             | doing their job of proactively mandating consumer rights,
             | and consequently companies are requiring whatever they
             | think they can get away with: forced arbitration, lease-
             | not-own, arbitrary right to revoke usage grants,
             | prohibiting user / independent repairs, etc.
        
               | kmonsen wrote:
               | Realistically speaking we have no legislature anymore.
        
               | ethbr0 wrote:
               | In what sense?
        
               | kmonsen wrote:
               | In the sense that new laws are really difficult to do in
               | the age of polarization. So instead the executive branch
               | issues orders and the judiciary interprets laws in
               | creative ways.
        
               | ethbr0 wrote:
               | H.R.3684 (aka "Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act"
               | aka "INVEST in America Act" aka "the Infrastructure
               | Bill") passed the House 221/201/8 [0] and the Senate
               | 69/30/1 [1].
               | 
               | Admittedly not the best numbers, but not terrible either.
               | 
               | [0] https://clerk.house.gov/Votes/2021208
               | 
               | [1] https://www.senate.gov/legislative/LIS/roll_call_list
               | s/roll_...
        
               | kmonsen wrote:
               | I think this is my point, this was a very non-
               | controversial bill made in as much as a bi-partisan way
               | as we can. It is also very similar to what Trump called
               | infrastructure week. Still it got 2!! republican votes in
               | the house. In the senate it was a bit better, but still
               | 30/50 republicans voted no.
               | 
               | I think if Trump proposed the very same bill more or less
               | all republicans would have been on board.
        
               | salawat wrote:
               | Actually, it's worse. The legislature creates executive
               | Agencies to create Administrative Law, thus freeing them
               | of any responsibility besides budget, political theater,
               | and insider trading.
        
           | Barrin92 wrote:
           | > do we really want those inane licenses no one reads, and
           | everyone scrolls down to hit [agree]; do we really want them
           | to legally binding?
           | 
           | for commercial interactions in particular between two
           | businesses? Yes, absolutely. How else are two entities
           | supposed to come to legally binding terms without a contract?
           | I'm all for a little bit of lenience when an end user didn't
           | read the terms but you think NSO group doesn't have a lawyer
           | and just scrolls down and clicks accept?
           | 
           | The little guy isn't always right because he's little. If the
           | little guy hacks my software to sell spyware to dictators and
           | war criminals you bet I want the right to take him to court
        
             | deathanatos wrote:
             | > _but you think NSO group doesn 't have a lawyer and just
             | scrolls down and clicks accept?_
             | 
             | I see this in companies I work for _all the time_ , so,
             | yes, I can see that being the case here.
             | 
             | (I'm not saying that's a _good_ or professional thing.)
        
             | mkl wrote:
             | > but you think NSO group doesn't have a lawyer and just
             | scrolls down and clicks accept?
             | 
             | Yes! They don't seem like people who think through or care
             | about the consequences of their actions.
        
             | lupire wrote:
             | > If the little guy hacks my software to sell spyware to
             | dictators and war criminals you bet I want the right to
             | take him to court
             | 
             | Why? How are you the wronged party in this case? You are
             | combining two separate things.
             | 
             | What if the little used your software as designed, but to
             | sell to dictators and war criminals?
             | 
             | what if they hacked your software for interoperability with
             | non-evil activities?
        
             | chrisfinazzo wrote:
             | (Not a lawyer, but this is the correct answer)
             | 
             | As much as people might look at this and think Apple is
             | being heavy-handed, it comes down to the fact that iCloud,
             | iOS, and the App Store are their IP and they can (within
             | legal limits) set whatever terms they please.
             | 
             | Especially for these sorts of arrangements, it seems like a
             | problem to me if the platform/IP owner doesn't have
             | absolute, final discretion over what happens.
             | 
             | Giving them the right to destroy your business at any time
             | or at least try very hard to make it unprofitable shouldn't
             | be a surprise to anyone.
        
               | jacquesm wrote:
               | They can try. But that's not the same as succeeding,
               | let's not get ahead of the lawsuit, which will likely
               | take a long time to resolve.
        
               | chrisfinazzo wrote:
               | Fair enough.
               | 
               | My issue here is that every time this kind of thing comes
               | up, it becomes a sounding board for how (any) company has
               | too much power...
               | 
               | Ever wonder why that is? The laws are written in such a
               | way to allow it to happen, and they are more or less
               | required to do what is in the best interest of
               | shareholders.
               | 
               | If this doesn't suit you, bug your Congressperson to work
               | to change the laws - just don't take a page from Newt
               | Gingrich and burn the house down.
        
               | rektide wrote:
               | This sits so unwell with me, gives such limitless
               | tyrannical & dictatorial control to a company.
               | 
               | > _As much as people might look at this and think Apple
               | is being heavy-handed, it comes down to the fact that
               | iCloud, iOS, and the App Store are their IP and they can
               | (within legal limits) set whatever terms they please._
               | 
               | Agreed. That's exactly what it seems like. And that
               | sounds like immoral, unjustifiable, sickening hell. That
               | Apple gets to hold all the cards, no one else on the
               | planet gets any say in how a device might be used.
               | 
               | It seems to me like the law is immoral. The law is heavy
               | handed, an idiot, and wrong. And it seems like Apple is a
               | user/abuser of unjust power which it does not have any
               | moral or ethical right to wield.
               | 
               | > _Especially for these sorts of arrangements, it seems
               | like a problem to me if the platform /IP owner doesn't
               | have absolute, final discretion over what happens._
               | 
               | This sounds like a nightmare hell world to me. It
               | contravenes the idea that any of us can ever be owners of
               | anything. This sounds like the logic that says that only
               | Tesla can repair Tesla cars, the logic that says only
               | John Deere can repair John Deere tractors. This is an
               | anti-human world, this is a bad world, this is immoral,
               | this is wrong, this destroys & rots away at humanity as a
               | can-do toolmaker, as an improver of the world about them.
               | It consigns power away to fragile, remote, limited
               | corporations. That is not a world I ever want to let
               | happen to us. I tend towards aethism/agnosticism, but if
               | there is a god, this flies against what graces the gods
               | have given us to let ourselves be constrained so. It is
               | unnatural & against the spirit of the human enterprise.
               | 
               | I have no love for NSO Group. It feels great seeing such
               | a group of shady, underhanded, anti-democratic punks get
               | served. But this is absolutely going to be yet another
               | move in the ongoing shift towards top-down combined
               | technocratic/legal control. It's absolutely a
               | demonstration of Apple wielding legal power to obstruct &
               | defend that which it simply doesn't want to have to deal
               | with, brushing aside something inconvenient. It's
               | absolutely a battle over what terms of service mean &
               | whether the world has any rights of their own. I for one
               | am not cheering for Apple's victory in having their
               | massive iron-clad armor further enhanced.
        
               | chrisfinazzo wrote:
               | Put another way, I don't really have a problem with 3rd
               | parties - or individuals who are so inclined - repairing
               | Apple gear, but the recent moves have shown that the
               | company would _much_ rather deal with the small headaches
               | of setting up and administering such a program if they
               | can set the terms under which it happens.
               | 
               | Otherwise, legislators (think: US Congress) will do it
               | for them, with disastrous results. Doing it like this
               | means everybody gets something out of the deal: Consumers
               | can choose the best repair option for them, Independent
               | shops now can take Apple business and without worrying
               | about warranties, and all of this happens in full view of
               | the company and people who are watching them closely
               | (Again, legislators).
               | 
               | It's a closed system and Apple sets the rules, but just
               | about anyone can participate. On the whole, that seems
               | like a net good to me.
               | 
               | * The same sentiment might apply to Deere as well, but I
               | don't know enough about that particular situation to say
               | if it would still be impractical to take a similar
               | approach.
        
               | ziddoap wrote:
               | > _Agreed. That 's exactly what it seems like. And that
               | sounds like immoral, unjustifiable, sickening hell. That
               | Apple gets to hold all the cards, no one else on the
               | planet gets any say in how a device might be used._
               | 
               | I'm not a big proponent of IP, but you're basically
               | saying it is immoral, unjustifiable, and sickening as
               | hell that Apple enforces the rules that Apple wants on
               | Apple products/services, which were created and offered
               | by Apple? Who should be making the rules if not the
               | creator and maintainer of the product/service? Why is
               | using another product/service not an acceptable
               | alternative?
               | 
               | I agree with the general direction of your comment, but
               | certainly not with the same voracity that wouldn't allow
               | my own company to create the rules for my own service
               | offerings (within the confines of state/national law).
        
               | Caligatio wrote:
               | Replace "Apple" by any traditional car company and you
               | should immediately become concerned. Shouldn't a car
               | company have absolute, one-sided control over the cars
               | they sell? Like should the car stop working if you agreed
               | to obey the speed limit but then sped? Or stop working if
               | you didn't use their branded fluids?
        
               | danaris wrote:
               | Except, as I understand it, this case is _not_ about a
               | EULA on the iPhones themselves, but rather on _Apple 's
               | services_.
               | 
               | They agreed to the EULA on the services, then, in part,
               | _abused their access to those services_ to hack into
               | other people 's iPhones.
        
               | rektide wrote:
               | The fact that the modern world exists in an corporate-
               | owned, proprietary cloud, versus the era of personal
               | computers & personally-owned systems, is greatly greatly
               | greatly confusing. I don't fully well know how to handle
               | this great confusion. But ultimately, the trend of all
               | rights being reserved by the megacorp is, ultimately, a
               | vulgar anti-human anathema which we must shake off.
               | Humanity must be allowed to pick up our microscopes &
               | magnifying glasses, to peer in, to meddle. No legal
               | contract preventing the natural sciences is ethical nor
               | godly.
               | 
               | I have no idea how we do that. Perhaps decoupling the
               | data-processing services from the data-holding entity
               | might be a possible frontier. One could imagine being
               | able to keep their identity, their core systems & datum
               | wherever they want, & to convert Apple into a mere
               | processor of those personal systems. That way we might
               | not know what Apple is doing, but we at least can watch
               | their black box act against us.
               | 
               | In general, trying to draw further extenuating
               | circumstances, trying to say "except except except" is
               | simply not ok. The phones we carry are part & parcel to
               | their many services, in this weird conflux of computing.
               | It reduces basic core human integrity to be denied
               | access, to be rebuffed by EULA from understanding &
               | witnessing & probing into these core techno-vessels we
               | navigate about with. These mere technicalities presented,
               | that our homes happen to be located inside Apple data-
               | centers, is to me uninteresting & unimportant in the
               | moral, ethical, humanistic & religious discussion and/or
               | reckoning we have fallen into.
        
               | danaris wrote:
               | I mean, broadly speaking, I _agree_ , but do you really
               | think that "state-sponsored hacking group that provides
               | the ability to break into people's phones to the worst
               | regimes the world has to offer" is the use case you want
               | to be enabling here...?
               | 
               | If I'm understanding correctly, this wasn't a case of
               | "they agreed to the iCloud EULA because you have to have
               | iCloud to use an iPhone". You don't, in fact. Yes, some
               | services will be unavailable, and...it might occasionally
               | bug you about it? (Not sure about the last, as I do have
               | iCloud) No; they agreed to the iCloud EULA because they
               | were trying to _take advantage of unpatched iMessage
               | bugs_ to break into other people 's phones.
               | 
               | I fully agree that the scope of EULAs today is terribly
               | overbroad, but I _do not_ believe that making a legally-
               | binding agreement not to abuse the service to harm other
               | people or steal their data is an inappropriate use of
               | them.
        
               | lioeters wrote:
               | ..Or the warranty becomes void if you open up the hood of
               | your car and try to repair/replace parts..
        
               | ClumsyPilot wrote:
               | > Who should be making the rules if not the creator and
               | maintainer of the product/service?
               | 
               | The customer? Thats the whole point of a market
        
               | Dylan16807 wrote:
               | > Who should be making the rules if not the creator and
               | maintainer of the product/service?
               | 
               | Many things should be up to them, but many things should
               | be up to the buyer.
        
               | catlikesshrimp wrote:
               | The law works fine when there is no monopoly.
               | 
               | But since Apple has 50% of the market share, the law
               | doesn't work well anymore.
        
               | heavyset_go wrote:
               | > _But since Apple has 50% of the market share, the law
               | doesn 't work well anymore._
               | 
               | Apple has 60% of the mobile market in the US[1].
               | 
               | [1] https://www.pcmag.com/news/ios-more-popular-in-japan-
               | and-us-...
        
               | danaris wrote:
               | ...50% of what market?
        
               | tentacleuno wrote:
               | I assume OP is referring to the fact that Apple has 60%
               | phone market share in the US[0].
               | 
               | [0]: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=29325606
        
               | rektide wrote:
               | This and more. I find it beyond farce that Apple & it's
               | adherents chief defense seems to be that there are other
               | people making products that aren't Lawful-Evil to
               | humanity. If Google one day woke up and said, we're just
               | going to try to do what Apple does to it's users, there
               | would be nothing left. This pretense that Apple's
               | behavior is anything but anti-competitive, anti-trust
               | worthy rings so hollow to me. The excuses that there are
               | other places to go completely fail to wash for me.
               | 
               | It's as if these folks are saying the Carterphone victory
               | was only won because AT&T was a monopoly. That's not how
               | consumer rights work. That's not a solid enough platform
               | for humanity to remain upright.
        
               | Terry_Roll wrote:
               | >This sits so unwell with me, gives such limitless
               | tyrannical & dictatorial control to a company.
               | 
               | Do you think Apple could get some "hackers" extradited if
               | they don't live in the US? Its that old adage, one mans
               | terrorist is another mans freedom fighter and some
               | country's like Russia will point blank refuse extradition
               | to the US as will other countries.
               | 
               | Any business can put what they like in their terms and
               | conditions, those T's & C's are still tertiary to
               | regional and state law if they are even enforceable.
               | Lawyers will let your put what ever you like in a
               | contract, whether its reasonable and enforceable is
               | another matter which only judges can decide.
               | 
               | Now if you live in the EU, there is nothing wrong with
               | reverse engineering code, the EU court has ruled this
               | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=28809559 but the
               | definition of a bug can be more vague because a coder
               | might suggest a user reported bug is working as its
               | coded, so the coder may not see it as a bug but the user
               | might and her you just need to convince the judge. Grey
               | area.
               | 
               | Another example of what was a grey area of law was
               | initiating an email send to an email server in order to
               | track whether an email address existed or not. Once the
               | status of an email address was known abort the reset of
               | the communication. It was useful for tracking people
               | globally, and spam filters were not that good at picking
               | this up in the past. Anyway that process has effectively
               | been ruled illegal by the EU now as your email address
               | supplied by your employer has to be treated as a private
               | and personal email address so then other personal &
               | privacy laws come into play to make the game more
               | complicated, but you used to be able to track people
               | globally in businesses & military to spot when people had
               | left an employer or been moved in some cases.
               | 
               | Then you have the NSA putting out reverse engineering
               | tools for free like https://ghidra-sre.org/ making one
               | wonder what is the point of law especially when you
               | reproduce parts of the AT&T infrastructure in Romania?
               | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=29135559
               | 
               | Now whilst the law might seem absolute, legislation is
               | very intentionally left vague and its judges who make it
               | closer to being absolute with narrow specific definitions
               | when they make a judgement, but if there's one thing I
               | have learnt, interpretation of the law can be
               | surprisingly vague even by judges.
               | 
               | So all in all this could actually be a marketing or
               | reputation management exercise or both involving lawyers
               | to reassure Apple customers they have made the right
               | purchase. Running an entity beit a business or a govt can
               | be incredibly nuanced like playing a game of chess, and
               | sometimes its not the initial action we need to be
               | concerned with but the resulting action.
        
               | rektide wrote:
               | Personally, generally I could not be more uninterested in
               | the international legal politics behind this all. None of
               | it is at all progressive, none of it speaks to what
               | humanity can or could do. It's the most anodyne, boring,
               | real world, un-possible way to take the discussion. It's
               | mired in endless fun-house mirrors of shit-show politics
               | that hasn't wont and can't figure out how to adapt. I
               | can't think of a single nation that shows leadership,
               | that has anything interesting or useful to say, any means
               | of embracing humanity, of raising potential.
               | 
               | > _Its that old adage, one mans terrorist is another mans
               | freedom fighter and some country 's like Russia will
               | point blank refuse extradition to the US as will other
               | countries._
               | 
               | This is a great mentality, and I'd love to see more
               | dynamic behind it. Alas. I see no nations espousing &
               | helping the actual obvious Open Source & other
               | progressive & pro-human, pro-enlightenment, anti-
               | proprietary freedom fighters. I see no one standing up
               | for more personal computing liberties. The international
               | regime is hostile & un-comprehending of tech & it's
               | possibilities, more interested in businesses & big tech
               | than it is in trying to help good tech happen, which is
               | the real oppression, the real struggle, one enacted via
               | pervasive & harsh IP laws & seemingly ever-expanding
               | copyright length. Sure, some nations celebrate punk-ish
               | behavior & sticking it to the west, but I can think of
               | precious few examples of nations actually helping the
               | good. The recent AskHN about software/tech
               | monastaries[1], & the complete worldwide lack of any
               | answers whatsoever indicates to me that there is no real
               | help or interest in the actual freedom fighters, anywhere
               | in the world.
               | 
               | If you want to look at the law, I think today's example,
               | of Russia telling 13 big tech companies they have to
               | establish offices in Russia[2], is a near perfect example
               | of how tech and law intersect. This is particularly
               | menacing & threatening & scary, but it mirrors most of
               | the relationship worldwide: aggressive, at ends, seeking
               | constraint & control & dominance, no interest in growth
               | or humans or improving the human-computer relationship.
               | The law rarely serves the people, rarely amplifies
               | possibility. It's here to insist that some antiquated
               | self-obsessed notion of justice can be served, even when
               | that justice so often only serves a fading out of touch
               | law, or big vested interests, not the people.
               | 
               | Generally I consider myself extremely progressive &
               | hopeful for what governance & governments can do and
               | should do. And I think if government wanted to deploy
               | tech to help the people, if it would stop allowing
               | endless private control to reign, great things would
               | happen (Ron Wyden for president, 2028). But right now
               | trying to frame questions & challenges in terms of the
               | law is not-great. The law affords deep & vast powers to
               | it's vested interests & the ideas of law itself. Yet in
               | your particular scenario, it also simultaneously
               | jealously & vengefully guards actual access to it's means
               | power, to the reigns of state-sponsored violence &
               | enforcement. The question posed, about whether Apple
               | could get access to this executive use of force, isn't
               | particularly relevant to me, and I don't think it
               | reflects on the widescale systematic bureaucratic control
               | companies like Apple & the prevailing worldwide laws get
               | to impose via EULAs against the people of humanity.
               | 
               | Some of the comments on Facebook getting the OK from
               | federal US Court of Appeals to also try to sue the NSO
               | Group[3] are somewhat in line with your questions &
               | scenarios. The comments there talk to the ability to try
               | to pursue legal action, but the inability to actually get
               | the state/states to do anything about it. In some ways,
               | this is an ideal case. It shows that a state that wanted
               | to support freedom fighters, that wanted to support
               | emancipatory, liberated, pro-personal computing, might be
               | able to. There's just not a lot of good guys out there
               | trying to help spring us free from the walled gardens
               | we're locked in.
               | 
               | My apologies for not trying to take up the question
               | better. I think there's interesting material here. But to
               | me, these questions return us to a not-compelling
               | legalistic mindset, a practical view, that isn't capable
               | of adequately considering how entrapped humanity at large
               | is by the corporation's abilities to write it's own
               | rules, by the de-personalization & de-accessing of
               | computing that the cloudification of the world has
               | brought upon us, & consigned us into. Whether or not this
               | tyranny has the power to cross international boundaries &
               | come get us isn't a particularly interesting subproblem
               | to me. Generally I feel like the world has conformed to
               | the prevailing notions of corporate techno-sovereignty.
               | 
               | [1] https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=29309794 (12
               | comments)
               | 
               | [2] https://www.reuters.com/markets/europe/moscow-
               | says-13-foreig...
               | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=29320398 (7
               | comments)
               | 
               | [3] https://www.reuters.com/technology/facebook-can-
               | pursue-malwa...
               | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=29323095 (15
               | comments)
        
               | Terry_Roll wrote:
               | In a way, we are just witnessing and commenting on the
               | survival needs and actions of different entities, beit a
               | country, laws, finance, companys, groups, religions or
               | individuals. They all have different needs for their
               | survival and this is just one story on one entity and the
               | interactions of those involved like the courts, law,
               | Apple, NSO, The Press, consumers or users, Judges, Govts,
               | administrations, etc etc.
               | 
               | AFAIK there is not a country on this planet that does not
               | believe in sky faeries in one form or another
               | (?Antarctica?), likewise we generally all eat the same
               | things, with minor regional differences, similar
               | practices and needs so until you can get the main users
               | ie humans to increase their intelligence and knowledge,
               | it would seem this planet is stuck in a slowly evolving
               | pattern of operation which still has various self
               | destruct risks, some easily quantifiable others not. The
               | problem still remains, Apple have massaged the Ego of
               | many via advertising and functionality creating this
               | walled garden.
               | 
               | Russia telling 13 mostly US tech companies has already
               | been done by the EU with servers having to be located in
               | the EU, so the EU has led the way on that issue apart
               | from the obvious US data gathering in the first place by
               | building the services and tech!
               | 
               | To me its just survival of the fittest of entities and
               | whether cultures/country's are now holding back some of
               | these entities which can then come back and bite the
               | culture and country into non existence. When is an action
               | a Zerohedge?
        
             | AnthonyMouse wrote:
             | > How else are two entities supposed to come to legally
             | binding terms without a contract?
             | 
             | The question is what's the threshold for the existence of a
             | contract. You both go into a conference room with lawyers
             | and negotiate over the terms and sign it in ink, that's
             | some pretty good yes vibes. Somebody clicks a button on an
             | un-negotiated text form in a piece of software, maybe it
             | should take more than that.
             | 
             | > I'm all for a little bit of lenience when an end user
             | didn't read the terms but you think NSO group doesn't have
             | a lawyer and just scrolls down and clicks accept?
             | 
             | Tons of bureaucracies do exactly that. The boss says they
             | need a way to do this thing, so some Danny from the IT
             | department finds some software to do that thing, it's free
             | or costs less than the amount he's authorized to spend from
             | petty cash, so he clicks accept and installs it on the
             | user's machine.
        
               | salawat wrote:
               | >Somebody clicks a button on an un-negotiated text form
               | in a piece of software, maybe it should take more than
               | that.
               | 
               | My litmus test is I don't consider a contract valid
               | unless I've actually had a chance to do a counteroffer.
        
             | riedel wrote:
             | There's always the problem with a little one that has to
             | accept the big one's terms. Actually in Germany and
             | probably elsewhere there is clear jurisdiction what is
             | allowed in a terms and conditions type contract. It
             | actually applies to any contract that is not created from
             | scratch on an eye to eye basis. Other laws like the GDPR
             | also restrict what can be part of a contract. So while
             | nobody is reading all this stuff at least we have some
             | assurance that it's not totally unfair. Otherwise is
             | typically safe to assume that companies try to shape
             | everything to their own benefit. So it boils down to
             | trusting a company in general.
             | 
             | Not being a lawyer and having no clue abou US jurisdiction:
             | I am really curious if this EULA thing works though.
             | Normally under copyright law wrongdoing would normally just
             | mean that your licence is terminated. Illegal use typically
             | just requires paying damages twice the licence cost afaik.
             | I would actually find it kind of scary if I could be pulled
             | into any kind of jurisdiction about something not directly
             | related to the contract just because I accepted a software
             | licence agreement.
        
           | llamataboot wrote:
           | hmmm, I mean if we have to agree to things that are
           | supposedly legally binding, I would like them to be so. If
           | they are not legally binding, I would like to know that and
           | not have to agree to them.
        
             | Gigachad wrote:
             | Terms of services place an unreasonable burden on the
             | average person. No one reads them and it isn't at all
             | practical to do so. It's been demonstrated before that if
             | the ToS contain unreasonable terms and that the users were
             | not adequately warned, the terms become nullified anyway.
             | 
             | So if Apple added a term that said "you will owe use $1000
             | per day and give us license to harvest your organs", it
             | would be nullified even if the user agreed. They would have
             | to have something like a big payment screen showing $1000
             | and clearly marking out the terms without being lost in a
             | wall of text.
        
           | Bud wrote:
           | Yes. We emphatically want the rule of law to persist, and for
           | legal avenues to be open for combating conduct like what NSO
           | Group has done here.
           | 
           | In particular, by any standard, it certainly seems reasonable
           | for Apple (or even companies we don't like) to prevent _the
           | use of its own tools and accounts_ for the purposes of
           | attacking its products and attacking its customers.
           | Especially when the attackers have explicitly promised not to
           | do so.
        
           | ehsankia wrote:
           | I'm pretty sure you can reverse engineer most Apple things
           | without ever signing their EULA. Maybe not those that require
           | an iCloud account though.
        
           | voxic11 wrote:
           | They are just using the EULA as the basis for claiming
           | jurisdiction. They are actually suing not to stop reverse
           | engineering but rather to recover damages incurred by
           | unlawful business practices. Basically their argument is
           | that:
           | 
           | 0) The defendant's can be sued under California law because
           | they accepted the EULA.
           | 
           | 1) California law makes businesses liable for damages
           | incurred by their unlawful business practices.
           | 
           | 2) Business practices which violate any California or federal
           | law are unlawful business practices in California.
           | 
           | 3) The defendant violated the federal computer fraud and
           | abuse act by hacking into users phones.
           | 
           | 4) Apple incurred damages to their reputation and from
           | expenses related to mitigating the hacking of their users.
           | 
           | 5) Therefor the defendant is liable for Apple's damages under
           | California law.
           | 
           | So the defendant could have been fine if they just done
           | reverse engineering, or even if they developed the hacking
           | tools, but actually using the tools against Apple's users in
           | violation of the CFAA was going too far.
           | 
           | https://www.apple.com/newsroom/pdfs/Apple_v_NSO_Complaint_11.
           | ..
        
             | brutal_chaos_ wrote:
             | Nit (maybe moot):
             | 
             | > 4) Apple incurred damages [...] from expenses related to
             | mitigating the hacking of their users.
             | 
             | This sounds like no one should be a security researcher for
             | they risk paying companies to implement the security the
             | company should have implemented anyway. Put another way,
             | that also sounds like the corporate open source push, "We
             | love open source because we don't have to support it, the
             | community will!"
             | 
             | "4)" says the community will pay for/support security, just
             | wait for the hack and make 'em clean it up. Mitigation
             | costs shouldn't be a recoverable damage, they should be
             | doubled and paid out to the victims...maybe that'll
             | incentivise better security over dollar dollar bills y'all.
             | 
             | This all maybe moot because this was a B2B action and I'm
             | thinking from a non-monied, single user/security researcher
             | perspective. What if the company was a non-profit security
             | research group? Perhaps this is what the 90day grace
             | periods are for when dealing with responsible disclosure?
             | 
             | Anyhow, my ignorance must be showing at this point.
        
               | ethbr0 wrote:
               | From Facts(C),
               | 
               |  _" 60. Defendants force Apple to engage in a continual
               | arms race: Even as Apple develops solutions and enhances
               | the security of its devices, Defendants are constantly
               | updating their malware and exploits to overcome Apple's
               | own security upgrades.
               | 
               | 61. These constant recovery and prevention efforts
               | require significant resources and impose huge costs on
               | Apple. Defendants' unlawful malware activities have
               | caused and continue to cause Apple significant damages in
               | excess of $75,000 and in an amount to be proven at
               | trial."_
               | 
               | Hopefully the judgement is able to split the hairs
               | between reputational and development harm to a company
               | for security vulnerabilities, and harm to users for
               | organized exploitation of those vulnerabilities.
               | 
               | The former feels like it _should_ be free speech --
               | statement of facts related to the company 's product(s).
               | The latter is an obvious wrong.
        
               | LogonType10 wrote:
               | >This sounds like no one should be a security researcher
               | for they risk paying companies to implement the security
               | the company should have implemented anyway.
               | 
               | No, read again, this only refers to damages from unlawful
               | activity. "White hat hackers" need not fear.
        
               | AnthonyMouse wrote:
               | Assuming they're lawyers who know every law and don't get
               | skewered by something like DMCA 1201.
        
               | jacquesm wrote:
               | I wouldn't be so sure about that. The difference between
               | white hat and black hat is usually only determined once
               | the destination of the results of the activity is known.
               | Plenty of bug bounty programs appear to be one element in
               | the marketplace for valuing an exploit. If the bounty
               | isn't high enough your 'white hat' may well change the
               | color of their hat.
        
               | shkkmo wrote:
               | I don't know of any legitimate security research group
               | that hacks user accounts they don't own.
               | 
               | NSO hacked devices they didn't own and infected them with
               | spyware. Apple had to pay to repair / replace those
               | devices.
               | 
               | I don't see how this sets any sort of precedent with
               | security researchers are liable for the costs of fixing
               | vulnerabilities that they uncover.
        
               | eganist wrote:
               | > I don't know of any legitimate security research group
               | that hacks user accounts they don't own.
               | 
               | nit: "user accounts to which they're not authorized"
               | 
               | I work with friends' accounts all the time provided they
               | authorized me to do so and provided I'm permitted to do
               | so as part of the vuln disclosure program terms and rules
               | of engagement, though I usually split the bounty with
               | them in a meaningful way to make it worth their while.
        
               | jacquesm wrote:
               | I know of several cases of reverse engineering of a bunch
               | of hardware where the hardware is only available to a
               | very limited subset of professionals. To gain access you
               | either need to join that class and break the terms under
               | which the devices are provided, get someone else to break
               | the terms they agreed to or to steal a device (which for
               | obvious reasons is at a somewhat different level than
               | breach of terms and conditions). It is pretty clear that
               | these restrictions exist to avoid reverse engineering of
               | a - trivial - protection that makes making compatible
               | products impossible, and which in turn protects a non-
               | trivial revenue stream.
               | 
               | Apple is not really all that different. If they believe
               | that suing to prevent reverse engineering is going to
               | stop the bad guys they are delusional, I suspect that
               | they are fully aware of this and are engaging in a very
               | expensive bit of theater here: the NSO Group is not going
               | to be overly impressed by this, whether they win or lose
               | the case. If they lose they will be open to a damage
               | claim, which in turn will have to be enforced through a
               | court in a different country, if they win Apple will lose
               | far more than just this case, they will lose the battle
               | against everybody that wishes to engage in reverse
               | engineering.
               | 
               | Another thing I suspect is that Apple is either very much
               | concerned about the image/reputation damage, their
               | supposedly highly secure platform/environment appears to
               | be less secure than Apple wanted you to believe and a
               | click-through EULA is not going to impress a law breaking
               | entity, they probably should have anticipated that. And
               | Apple may believe that other law breaking entities are
               | going to stop doing their thing if they win this lawsuit,
               | I'm a bit more pessimistic about that. Legal action is
               | not a good way to recover from a technical failure, Apple
               | needs to update their threat model and act accordingly.
        
             | FridayoLeary wrote:
             | >0) The defendant's can be sued under California law
             | because they accepted the EULA                 The Court
             | has personal jurisdiction over Defendants because, on
             | information        and       belief, they created more than
             | one hundred Apple IDs to carry out their        attacks and
             | also agreed to       Apple's iCloud Terms and Conditions
             | ("iCloud Terms"), including a mandatory        and
             | enforceable       forum selection and exclusive
             | jurisdiction clause that constitutes express        consent
             | to the jurisdiction       of this Court.7
             | 
             | I'm not a legal expert but shouldn't that be stupidly easy
             | to deny?
             | 
             | Judge: did you, NSO agree to the Terms and conditions by
             | pressing "I Agree"
             | 
             | NSO representative: No, Your honor.
             | 
             | Apple Lawyer: Then how did you gain access to my clients
             | services?
             | 
             | NSO Rep: A totally unrelated third party gave us 100
             | unlocked iPhones as a free gift. We never saw the terms and
             | conditions, nor agreed to them. We can fully prove our
             | claims. [edit: (fully proves his claims)]
             | 
             | Apple Lawyer: (spluttering) but... but... but...
             | 
             | Judge: (bangs gavel) case dismissed!
             | 
             | This is assuming NSO were far- sighted enough to actually
             | create such a paper trail. Also, since Apple is disputing
             | more then 100 accounts, maybe such a defence would be ruled
             | as improbable, or some other legal jargon. Maybe someone
             | better informed can chip in.
        
               | AnthonyMouse wrote:
               | > they created more than one hundred Apple IDs to carry
               | out their attacks
               | 
               | Maybe the most interesting thing about this is how it
               | proves that their code signing system is worthless. If
               | the same bad actor can get a hundred Apple IDs to sign
               | literal malware with, why are they imposing this burden
               | on random small developers?
        
               | FDSGSG wrote:
               | When did anyone mention code signing or developer
               | accounts?
        
               | AnthonyMouse wrote:
               | What did you suppose they needed a hundred Apple IDs for?
        
               | DaiPlusPlus wrote:
               | The article doesn't say. I'm curious to find out myself.
        
               | abinmn wrote:
               | A detailed forensic report was published by Amnesty on
               | some of the methodologies NSO used.
               | 
               | https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/research/2021/07/forens
               | ic-...
        
               | Operyl wrote:
               | Sending the malware via iMessage, assuming the flaw was
               | part of iMessage and not standard SMS.
        
               | tremon wrote:
               | But if they did that, Apple wouldn't need the EULA
               | because then they could throw the CFAA at them.
        
               | alasdair_ wrote:
               | Does the CFAA apply to an Isreali firm sending a text
               | message from Isreal?
        
               | FDSGSG wrote:
               | Yes, it can. You can find Apple's lawyers explanation in
               | the complaint under the "JURISDICTION AND VENUE" heading 
               | https://www.apple.com/newsroom/pdfs/Apple_v_NSO_Complaint
               | _11...
        
               | arcticbull wrote:
               | I believe the CFAA is a criminal law, and charges would
               | have to be brought by an AG. This is a civil case.
        
               | FDSGSG wrote:
               | This is not correct, civil suits over CFAA violations are
               | common.
        
               | Operyl wrote:
               | Could be used for attempting to find metadata on users
               | then, etc. there's a few things I could guess.
        
               | kergonath wrote:
               | They are throwing the CFAA at then. However, the CFAA is
               | an American law, which would be challenging to apply in a
               | foreign court. So they are using the EULA to sue in
               | California. It's all in the article.
        
               | FDSGSG wrote:
               | ... That's exactly what they did?
               | 
               | From the complaint:
               | 
               | >Count One
               | 
               | >Violations of Computer Fraud and Abuse Act
               | 
               | https://www.apple.com/newsroom/pdfs/Apple_v_NSO_Complaint
               | _11...
               | 
               | The EULA is used to establish jurisdiction, and for the
               | separate breach of contract claim. Apple has servers
               | around the world, without the EULA the jurisdiction isn't
               | necessarily obvious.
        
               | FDSGSG wrote:
               | I have no idea why people are speculating about this.
               | Unsurprisingly the publicly available complaint explains
               | exactly what the Apple IDs were used for. https://www.app
               | le.com/newsroom/pdfs/Apple_v_NSO_Complaint_11...
               | 
               | >50. On information and belief, Defendants created more
               | than one hundred Apple IDs using Apple's systems to be
               | used in their deployment of FORCEDENTRY
               | 
               | >51. On information and belief, after obtaining Apple
               | IDs, Defendants executed the FORCEDENTRY exploit first by
               | using their computers to contact Apple servers in the
               | United States and abroad to identify other Apple devices.
               | Defendants contacted Apple servers using their Apple IDs
               | to confirm that the target was using an Apple device.
               | Defendants would then send abusive data created by
               | Defendants through Apple servers in the United States and
               | abroad for purposes of this attack. The abusive data was
               | sent to the target phone through Apple's iMessage
               | service, disabling logging on a targeted Apple device so
               | that Defendants could surreptitiously deliver the Pegasus
               | payload via a larger file. That larger file would be
               | temporarily stored in an encrypted form unreadable to
               | Apple on one of Apple's iCloud servers in the United
               | States or abroad for delivery to the target.
        
               | RegW wrote:
               | > Judge: did you, NSO agree to the Terms and conditions
               | by pressing "I Agree" > NSO representative: No, Your
               | honor.
               | 
               | IANAL, but the general understanding is: "Ignorance is
               | not a defence". If your legal advisors did not flag this
               | up then I think you are probably entitled to ask for your
               | money back when Apple kicks your butt.
        
               | JasonFruit wrote:
               | I _A_ ANAL, but the expression is, "Ignorance of the law
               | is no defense." That differs from ignorance of the
               | circumstances.
        
               | RegW wrote:
               | Good point. Well spotted.
               | 
               | If we are all quibbling over the wording used in a
               | hypothetical case, then I wonder what's going to happen
               | when the lawyers get going with the real one.
        
               | dragonwriter wrote:
               | > I'm not a legal expert but shouldn't that be stupidly
               | easy to deny?
               | 
               | Anything is easy to _deny_.
               | 
               | Denial isn't sufficient to win the point.
               | 
               | > We can fully prove our claims.
               | 
               | Saying "we can fully prove our claims" is stupid easy.
               | Being able to is harder.
               | 
               | > This is assuming NSO were far- sighted enough to
               | actually create such a paper trail
               | 
               | But they probably weren't, because they didn't anticipate
               | being sued in California based on jurisdiction gained via
               | the iCloud T&C.
        
               | FridayoLeary wrote:
               | The burden of proof _should_ fall on Apple in an ideal
               | world. Maybe a court ruling that one stupid checkbox at
               | the end of a digital 10,000 word document isn 't
               | sufficient proof might be a good idea?
        
               | dodobirdlord wrote:
               | It does, but this is what the discovery process is for.
               | If NSO wants to claim that they somehow got these
               | accounts without agreeing to the EULA process themselves,
               | Apple is going to request and the judge is going to
               | approve a discovery request for NSO to turn over every
               | record they have related to the accounts, when and how
               | they were obtained, and who obtained them for NSO. If NSO
               | wants to pretend that they have no such records, didn't
               | get the accounts themselves, and don't know what third
               | party obtained them, they're going to get a _very_
               | skeptical response from the judge, and they're probably
               | going to have to send a bunch of employees to go make
               | statements that in addition to not having any records,
               | none of them remember how this happened either. That's
               | probably the point at which Apple reveals that really
               | they know via IP addresses or geolocation or something
               | that all of the accounts were registered in an office
               | building occupied by NSO, and then NSO gets sanctioned to
               | hell and a bunch of employees are revealed to have lied
               | in their testimony. That's an absolute nightmare scenario
               | for NSO.
        
               | dragonwriter wrote:
               | > The burden of proof should fall on Apple in an ideal
               | world
               | 
               | It does, but its not an element of a crime being proven,
               | so the burden isn't "beyond a reasonable doubt", but (as
               | for most things in a civil case, though sometimes other
               | standards apply) "preponderance of the evidence", for
               | which you need to convince the court that, based on the
               | evidence provided, the facts you need are _more likely
               | than not_ to be true.
        
               | ballenf wrote:
               | Apple will have the IP addresses of every "I agree"
               | click. Maybe some of them are traceable to NSO.
        
               | Grustaf wrote:
               | How would they even be able to sign in without clicking
               | "I agree"?
        
               | tentacleuno wrote:
               | What if the devices are not connected to the internet?
        
               | voxic11 wrote:
               | That is why they included an alternative count of unjust
               | enrichment. In the case the defense proves they never
               | agreed to the user/license agreement then they will have
               | also proven that they obtained Apple's software and
               | accessed Apples services without a license and used them
               | for their own profit and to Apples determent. Thereby
               | unjustly enriching themselves.
        
               | ayende wrote:
               | I think that a much stronger argument here goes like
               | this. A developer accepted those terms of services. That
               | developer is _not_ authorized to accept contracts  /
               | deals for the company as a whole.
               | 
               | The issue here is that a single employee (which may carry
               | out an unauthorized action) is unlikely to create a
               | binding contract for a company.
               | 
               | Otherwise, by the same token, NSO can create a EULA that
               | says that a use of their software requires 100 millions
               | USD / month cost. Get an Apple employee to agree to that
               | (probably unknowingly) and sue Apple for that amount,
               | since their employee "agreed" to that.
        
               | ericmay wrote:
               | Wouldn't hold up. Otherwise you can just create fall
               | guys/gals and never deal with fallout. There are
               | certainly some circumstances like corporations aren't
               | held liable for murder of some employee, but if the
               | employee was doing it on the factory floor they
               | absolutely could get sued for it. Unfortunately it's not
               | clear cut, but generally if you're doing something on or
               | with company property, during work duty hours (these
               | hours are always stated on corporate handbooks even for
               | startups), and/or it's during course of business you can
               | and will get held liable for the employee's actions.
               | 
               | The $100mm example you have would just get thrown out in
               | court because it would be deemed unreasonable, even if
               | Apple was ultimately responsible and the employee was
               | acting as a representative of the company or on behalf of
               | the company. Otherwise why can't I just get a buddy to
               | set up some random service and then have (let's say I
               | work at Apple) me sign a contract saying that Apple will
               | give all of its corporate property and money to this
               | contract for the rate of $5/month so this random service
               | can "manage it" or something? Whoops guess Apple agreed
               | to that!
        
               | seanhunter wrote:
               | That's not how it works.
               | 
               | When they say "No your honor" they would then have a
               | charge of perjury added to the other charges. The apple
               | lawyer doesn't say "Then how did you gain access to my
               | client's services?" (because litigation 101 teaches you
               | never ask a question you don't know the answer to).
               | 
               | ...the lawyer enters into evidence the logs showing you
               | accepting the EULA.
        
               | TillE wrote:
               | Nerds always want to interpret the law in some strict
               | pedantic fashion, but in practice this is almost never
               | how it works. Law is not applied stupidly or
               | mechanically, you can't fashion yourself some ad hoc
               | workaround unless you're extremely certain about what
               | you're doing, preferably with a mountain of precedent
               | behind you.
        
               | golemiprague wrote:
               | If the law not applied stupidly why the EULA is binding
               | the client in the first place? We can't tell whether they
               | clicked "I Agree" or it was just saved in the database as
               | such. I think those EULA should be applicable to remove
               | liability from Apple since they declare what they
               | responsible for, but not to enforce rules on the clients
               | which don't even read those EULAs and you can't prove
               | they have "signed" it.
               | 
               | Regarding the lawsuit itself, it is just politics, they
               | want to pretend as if they are on the good side of
               | whatever the woke culture is right now and bashing Israel
               | always gives some good points among the extreme
               | progressives of silicon valley. NSO haven't done anything
               | different to any other company dealing with hacking and
               | spying and used by almost every government around the
               | world. It is just that Apple is racist and coward so they
               | will never sue the actual countries who use such tools or
               | companies from "stronger" countries. Israeli company is a
               | perfect scapegoat while they themselves will keep spying
               | on their own users.
        
               | AnthonyMouse wrote:
               | Nerds always want the law to be consistent. Lawyers are
               | Machiavellian professionals trained in getting it to say
               | "heads I win tails you lose" for their clients, and often
               | succeed.
               | 
               | That doesn't mean the nerds are wrong to want what they
               | want.
        
               | evgen wrote:
               | No, it is just that most nerds are too ignorant to
               | understand how law works and its purpose and mechanisms.
               | They expect it to be some sort of API spec that can be
               | mechanically manipulated. Their own efforts at such
               | intellectual mechanics are nothing but a trail of tears
               | and failure, with bug after bug making a mockery of any
               | claim they have about the benefits of such a system. Law
               | has had millennia to work out the kinks in the system and
               | develop practices that are robust in the face of
               | adversarial attack by actual smart people; coders can't
               | seem to keep basic services operating in ideal conditions
               | and yet you expect anyone to look to this group when it
               | comes to actual life and death decisions? Hard pass.
        
               | AnthonyMouse wrote:
               | > No, it is just that most nerds are too ignorant to
               | understand how law works and its purpose and mechanisms.
               | 
               | People have a pretty good idea of its mechanisms.
               | 
               | Powerful people break laws that are clear enough and then
               | don't go to jail because of "prosecutorial discretion" or
               | Johnnie Cochran or retroactive telecoms immunity for
               | illegal mass surveillance.
               | 
               | Powerless people break laws that are ambiguous, or most
               | people don't even know exist, or people know exist but
               | they're only enforced against the nameless and poor, and
               | the US has the largest prison population in the world.
               | 
               | This outcome is your great victory for "millennia to work
               | out the kinks in the system and develop practices that
               | are robust in the face of adversarial attack by actual
               | smart people"?
               | 
               | > trail of tears
               | 
               | Really?
               | 
               | > coders can't seem to keep basic services operating in
               | ideal conditions and yet you expect anyone to look to
               | this group when it comes to actual life and death
               | decisions?
               | 
               | We already have code running when it comes to actual life
               | and death decisions. There is code running in aircraft
               | and heart bypass machines, and it works, because then
               | people care that it works. Nobody cares enough that some
               | ad tracking code is perfectly reliable and efficient, so
               | it isn't.
               | 
               | You're also asking for a double standard. The OpenBSD
               | people do a nice job on OpenSSH. It's pretty good, not
               | perfect. There have been vulnerabilities in even that.
               | Then they get patched.
               | 
               | But you can't possibly be claiming that there are no
               | "vulnerabilities" in the law. If that was the case then
               | why do they have to keep passing new ones every year? The
               | ask isn't that it never change, it's that it be changed
               | by the legislature prospectively instead of being in a
               | constant state of superposition until it's resolved by a
               | court ex post facto.
        
               | phatfish wrote:
               | The is also why the Crypto-bro dream of having "smart"
               | contracts manage the entire global financial system is
               | insane.
        
               | shsbdncudx wrote:
               | Speaking as someone who's been on the unfortunate wrong
               | end of it, the law is applied stupidly and mechanically.
               | All the time. That's the default. The judge will go to
               | great pains to super pedantically apply the rule of the
               | law, regardless of common sense and believe it or not in
               | most cases also regardless of common sense.
               | 
               | As it should be. It doesn't always work well for all
               | circumstances, but we don't have a better system
        
               | jacquesm wrote:
               | This isn't the case everywhere. In some countries it is
               | the intent of the law that matters, in others it is the
               | letter of the law, in some a mix of both.
        
               | inopinatus wrote:
               | Irrespective of your personal experience, the law is
               | nevertheless still not a programming language,
               | thankfully.
               | 
               | However, "common sense" is also not how it works, so
               | sure, when people rely on what they expect "common sense"
               | to mean, then they too get screwed (the meaning of
               | "common sense" after all varying dramatically from person
               | to person).
               | 
               | Law has its own principles, philosophy, and practices,
               | that's all. And judges, especially senior judges, do not
               | like it one iota when folks try to circumvent the
               | meaning, substance, and purpose of these elements.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | rendaw wrote:
               | "NSO can be sued under California law because they
               | accepted the EULA" seems like a mechanical, strict,
               | pedantic application of law though.
        
               | jacquesm wrote:
               | Yes, American companies _love_ to stack the deck against
               | their users when it comes to selecting venue, but at the
               | same time balk when the EU requires that they have an EU
               | anchor to allow legal enforcement.
        
               | dkonofalski wrote:
               | Who balked? Apple anchored in Ireland and got an amazing
               | deal. I doubt they balked at that.
        
               | woah wrote:
               | How does that seem pedantic? It's incredibly
               | straightforward.
               | 
               | On the other hand, creating some kind of convoluted,
               | contrived paper trail to claim that mysterious third
               | parties were the ones to have physically pressed the
               | "Accept" button on your 100 fake accounts and so you
               | didn't even know there was a EULA seems kind of like it
               | might actually be fraud.
        
               | inopinatus wrote:
               | In addition, it doesn't survive past the moment it is
               | discussed in court documents, at which point NSO are
               | screwed if they ever pull the same shit again.
               | 
               | A full paper trail would also necessarily disclose the
               | entity that provided those devices, which they may well
               | be loathe to do (since it either drags in a related
               | company, who Apple can then also target, or embarrasses a
               | third party who would rather remain nameless).
               | 
               | However, in practice, a technology engineering firm
               | claiming to have no knowledge of the licensing that
               | applies to the devices in which they also claim
               | expertise, is such a far-fetched statement that it's
               | almost trivially set aside, and earns a rebuke from the
               | bench to boot.
        
               | alasdair_ wrote:
               | I don't see how this differs much from a common "clean
               | room" reverse engineering strategy where one set of
               | engineers accepts the eula and then writes down in
               | excruciating detail exactly how the target item works,
               | then a second set of engineers that have never seen the
               | item in question (or accepted a eula) takes these
               | detailed writings and uses them to reverse engineer the
               | item in question. (A mere description of a device or
               | software is not protected)
               | 
               | This is standard practice at large companies when reverse
               | engineering chips, devices and software and seems very
               | similar to the above eula argument.
        
               | desdiv wrote:
               | In the clean room reverse engineering case:
               | 
               | 1a. one team examines the device and products a detailed
               | specification of it
               | 
               | 1b. another team works solely off that newly produced
               | specification; this team has zero contact with the actual
               | device
               | 
               | In this hypothetical case:
               | 
               | 2a. a third party affiliate accepts the Apple EULA, and
               | gives the Apple IDs to NSO Group
               | 
               | 2b. NSO Group uses the Apple IDs as credential to obtain
               | Apple services
               | 
               | Notice that in case 2b, NSO Group has actual contact with
               | Apple in two ways. They used Apple IDs, and that they
               | obtain Apple services. This didn't happen in the reverse
               | engineering case.
        
               | alasdair_ wrote:
               | Good points - thank you!
        
               | tentacleuno wrote:
               | Wouldn't there be an article in the EULA that states if
               | you use an Apple device, regardless of clicking buttons,
               | you automatically consent to the ToS? Or is that not how
               | the law works ...?
        
               | butMyside wrote:
               | Taken out of its context to prove a point on a web forum
               | and I would agree
               | 
               | Lots of people negotiated these things and agreed to make
               | commerce happen.
               | 
               | Novel to you does not mean novel to humanity.
        
               | XnoiVeX wrote:
               | That's how law works.
        
               | appleflaxen wrote:
               | Your argument loses weight with the ad homonym attack.
        
               | Zenbit_UX wrote:
               | Disagree. It was the cherry on top.
        
             | phkahler wrote:
             | >> They are just using the EULA as the basis for claiming
             | jurisdiction.
             | 
             | IANAL but it's always seemed to me that if I reject the
             | terms of a EULA then the EULA doesn't apply to me. Pushing
             | the "button" does not mean anything because only the EULA
             | gives it meaning and I reject that.
             | 
             | 50 years from now if someone is doing software archaeology
             | and they go to install some software from a long gone
             | company, who does clicking the button form an agreement
             | with? Will it be legal to try that software? Can existing
             | software companies list people they have click-through
             | agreements with? These things seem like a bad joke in
             | practical terms.
        
               | eganist wrote:
               | > 50 years from now if someone is doing software
               | archaeology and they go to install some software from a
               | long gone company, who does clicking the button form an
               | agreement with? Will it be legal to try that software?
               | Can existing software companies list people they have
               | click-through agreements with? These things seem like a
               | bad joke in practical terms.
               | 
               | I mean, this seems pretty easily addressed:
               | 
               | I can't sign a contract with a dead company, can I? Well,
               | literally I can, but the agreement wouldn't be binding.
               | 
               | Same applies here. Unless the entity still exists, in
               | which case congratulations, you're in a binding agreement
               | lol
        
               | AnthonyMouse wrote:
               | There are some practical problems with this.
               | 
               | Suppose that Small Co sells the assets of a business unit
               | to Big Co. Do you now have a contract with Small Co. or
               | Big Co.? Small Co. no longer has the rights to the
               | software. Big Co. may not agree to the terms of the old
               | license.
               | 
               | Suppose someone dies and their assets go to their heirs.
               | Do you now have a contract with the heirs?
               | 
               | What if there are no heirs, so the assets go to the
               | government? Do you now have a contract with the
               | government? I can think of some fun terms to add to a
               | software license from someone on their deathbed if that's
               | the case.
        
               | SQueeeeeL wrote:
               | I like how suddenly the intense legal minuate are the
               | most important details of a system as if we're in a
               | contract law class, as opposed to the obvious point that
               | in general these agreements are fairly obvious
        
               | AnthonyMouse wrote:
               | Making up rules without thinking about the consequences
               | of those rules is a Bad Idea.
        
               | SQueeeeeL wrote:
               | Edge cases aren't consequences; they're trivia. And at
               | the the of day, our legal system is governed by humans
               | who interpret and argue. Until humans are perfect, we'll
               | never write a perfect law.
        
               | AnthonyMouse wrote:
               | "Perfection is impossible, therefore don't try" is a
               | dodge.
        
               | SQueeeeeL wrote:
               | We're not making the laws, we are observers commenting on
               | the status quo. I'm sure no one's losing sleep over
               | hacker news commenters being upset
        
               | eganist wrote:
               | Are you a practicing attorney?
        
               | mike_d wrote:
               | What happens to contractual obligations when companies
               | are acquired or dissolved is a matter that is settled
               | law. It has been well thought out and is probably in
               | scope for literally dozens of legal cases a day.
               | 
               | Just because something is new to you, doesn't mean that
               | professionals that deal with this every day have never
               | thought about it.
               | 
               | (The actual answer depends on the State, entity type, if
               | it was dissolved or suspended, if a bankruptcy is
               | involved, etc. and you should just consult a contracts
               | lawyer)
        
               | woah wrote:
               | > Just because something is new to you, doesn't mean that
               | professionals that deal with this every day have never
               | thought about it.
               | 
               | When you apply the immense brainpower of a web developer
               | browsing HN to a subject, amazing things can happen.
        
               | woah wrote:
               | What are the problems here?
               | 
               | > Suppose that Small Co sells the assets of a business
               | unit to Big Co. Do you now have a contract with Small Co.
               | or Big Co.? Small Co. no longer has the rights to the
               | software
               | 
               | That's right, that's what they sold.
               | 
               | > Big Co. may not agree to the terms of the old license.
               | 
               | Then I guess maybe they shouldn't have bought it.
               | 
               | > Suppose someone dies and their assets go to their
               | heirs. Do you now have a contract with the heirs?
               | 
               | Yes. They inherited the deceased's assets.
               | 
               | > What if there are no heirs, so the assets go to the
               | government? Do you now have a contract with the
               | government?
               | 
               | You'd probably have to ask an estate planning attorney
               | about the specifics of this, but so what if you did?
               | 
               | > I can think of some fun terms to add to a software
               | license from someone on their deathbed if that's the
               | case.
               | 
               | You should totally do it lol
        
               | dcow wrote:
               | So if I sell you a magic rock under the contract that so
               | long as you are in possession of said rock I have legal
               | authority to monitor your household to make sure you
               | don't misuse the rock for evil, and you die and your heir
               | comes in possession of the rock, I now have a contract
               | with your heir? I can go set up cameras in their house
               | and invade their privacy just because you wanted a magic
               | rock? That doesn't seem right?..
        
               | arcticbull wrote:
               | Probably if the heir accepted the rock during the estate
               | proceedings, but im just speculating.
        
               | _djo_ wrote:
               | Contract law isn't absolutist like that, and it can't
               | bind both parties in a way that's unreasonable or
               | contrary to certain basic rights-related laws. That's why
               | you can't contract yourself into slavery.
               | 
               | What'll happen in cases like that is that it'll be
               | litigated, interpreted, and either amended through a
               | settlement agreement or annulled.
               | 
               | As others have said, the law isn't a programming
               | language. It's a human system that, while being rigorous,
               | strict, structured, and binding for the most part, is
               | nonetheless capable by design of nuance and
               | interpretation within known and constrained bounds.
        
               | voxic11 wrote:
               | US contract law jurisprudence doesn't really seem to
               | support you here.
               | 
               | > The mental assent of the parties is not requisite for
               | the formation of a contract. If the words or other acts
               | of one of the parties have but one reasonable meaning,
               | his undisclosed intention is immaterial except when an
               | unreasonable meaning which he attaches to his
               | manifestations is known to the other party.
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucy_v._Zehmer
        
               | phkahler wrote:
               | Well (IANAL) but if you want to get into contract law, my
               | understanding is that a contract requires acknowledgement
               | from both parties. It's not really fair to say "the
               | functioning of the software is acknowledgement" when the
               | company granting that permission has _no record_ of it.
               | Ask a CEO on the stand if his company has any binding
               | agreements with the judge.
        
             | comex wrote:
             | The complaint does also have a straight-up breach of
             | contract claim, in addition to the CFAA claim.
        
           | ldehaan wrote:
           | This is a rare insightful comment from the usual mainstream
           | thought you find on hn. Exactly, what if it's someone you
           | like? So few people consider this when they give up their
           | rights for the "common good" eula's are just one these things
           | we just allow to happen to us because we assume good
           | intentions.
        
           | leecb wrote:
           | > those inane licenses no one reads, do we really want them
           | to legally binding?
           | 
           | What all would be possible if software EULAs weren't legally
           | binding?
           | 
           | One thing that EULAs typically do is reduce liability for the
           | company producing the software. Imagine if Google/Apple were
           | liable for damages from all the miscommunications caused by
           | autocorrect?
        
             | roblabla wrote:
             | EULAs are also used to protect IP, such as by prohibiting
             | reverse engineering. Preventing reverse engineering would
             | prevent modding games, fixing bugs in software that aren't
             | supported anymore, security analysis, etc... In my view,
             | it'd be a net negative for society.
        
               | lupire wrote:
               | and if software business becomes unsustainable due to
               | piracy, that's also a net negative.
        
             | chongli wrote:
             | There's a difference between clauses in an EULA that
             | release the software vendor from liability and those that
             | impose additional liability on the user. I think it's
             | perfectly fine for an EULA or "non-warranty warranty" to be
             | included in open source software. If a person or a company
             | wants to release software and they should be able to do so
             | without being held liable for damages caused by the user's
             | improper use of the software.
             | 
             | On the other hand, if a click-through license can expose
             | users to a potential lawsuit then that fundamentally
             | changes the regime we all live in. It creates a world where
             | the countless pieces of software we all use on a daily
             | basis become hidden legal threats, lurking in the shadows
             | like so many snakes waiting to strike. That's not a world I
             | want to live in and I think most HNers would agree.
        
           | mistrial9 wrote:
           | I am a straight-up GPL coder and advocate, and I find this
           | line of reasoning, difficult to support. Additionally, it is
           | a habit of lying, thieving security people to use every inch
           | of freedom that GPL-advocates give them.. really torn here
        
           | balls187 wrote:
           | > While NSO Group created hacking tools, and then did some
           | questionable things with them
           | 
           | Such as selling their software to the Saudi Government which
           | in turn used the software in a highly targeted cyber attack
           | leading to the grisly murder of a dissident journalist?
        
         | dylan604 wrote:
         | If this is ruled in Apple's favor, can that be a stepping stone
         | to allow NSO to be charged with aiding in murder?
        
         | miki123211 wrote:
         | Were those engineers authorized to act on NSO's behalf?
         | 
         | If I sign an agreement with Apple on behalf of <faang company>,
         | even as, let's say, an intern at that FAANG company, Apple
         | should probably sue me, not the FAANG.
        
           | dodobirdlord wrote:
           | Probably, there are shades of grey in this sort of thing, but
           | that's usually for low-level employees agreeing to stuff
           | wildly out of their responsibilities. For engineers agreeing
           | to the EULA for a service that they use as part of their job,
           | the court will probably agree that is sufficient for this
           | lawsuit, even if NSO has policies that notionally should have
           | prevented the engineers from agreeing to the EULA.
           | 
           | Also, if they weren't, then NSO presumably violated the
           | Computer Fraud and Abuse Act by accessing Apple's services
           | and systems without prior permission. Maybe that nixes
           | Apple's jurisdiction argument for this lawsuit, but Apple can
           | also sue for criminal damages, and is presumably entitled to
           | do so in their home jurisdiction since that's where they
           | exist and so that's where they suffered the damages. And I
           | think Apple notes this also in the lawsuit.
        
           | ChrisMarshallNY wrote:
           | No, the FAANG is on the hook.
           | 
           | I know this, because I did exactly that, and was given a
           | right good talkin' to, by our General Counsel.
           | 
           | If anything lawsuit-worthy had come from it, then I suspect
           | that I would have gotten more than just a lecture.
        
         | edge17 wrote:
         | I will just add, the author of the NYT piece has a book out on
         | this subject. The book is decent, has some cringe worthy
         | descriptions of technical things if you are a technical person,
         | but overall I learned a huge amount reading it.
         | 
         | A lot of the commentary, accusations, and opinions in the
         | comments here would be addressed or better colored if you're
         | interested enough to read her book
         | (https://www.amazon.com/This-They-Tell-World-
         | Ends/dp/16355760...).
         | 
         | Also, just to be clear, one of the reasons I _like_ the book is
         | because it 's written by a person that doesn't understand all
         | the deep technical aspects of these things.
        
           | threeseed wrote:
           | > has some cringe worthy descriptions of technical things
           | 
           | Par for the course when trying to explain things to non-
           | technical people.
           | 
           | People joke but you can see the thought process in explaining
           | to a politician that the internet is a "series of tubes" for
           | example.
        
             | sam-2727 wrote:
             | Reminds me of when the Oracle v. Google case was argued in
             | front of the Supreme Court on a series of metaphors, among
             | other things comparing Java to football teams:
             | https://www.theverge.com/2020/10/9/21506172/oracle-google-
             | ja...
        
               | ls612 wrote:
               | The justices clearly boned up on the technical aspects of
               | the case though as their opinion shows a good grasp of
               | what is going on in the underlying dispute over Android.
        
           | josephg wrote:
           | If you want a more technical perspective, The Darknet Diaries
           | did an episode a couple months ago about the NSO group:
           | 
           | https://overcast.fm/+PMNc5Hr8c
           | 
           | I discovered darknet diaries listening to that episode. It's
           | very accessible and excellent storytelling.
        
             | edge17 wrote:
             | I've listened to a bunch of those episodes. I agree, the
             | host/creator does a fantastic job.
        
             | martyvis wrote:
             | You actually want to listen to the previous episode to get
             | context first https://darknetdiaries.com/episode/99/
        
         | amelius wrote:
         | So they used iCloud to spy on NSO?
         | 
         | Sounds not right, regardless of what you think of NSO's
         | actions.
        
           | strict9 wrote:
           | No.
           | 
           | The information on fake accounts was passed to Apple by
           | Citizen Lab, which discovered the zero click vulnerability.
        
         | drdaeman wrote:
         | I guess they haven't done this, but isn't this trivially
         | mitigated by hiring someone to create the accounts, outside of
         | the US entirely, in a jurisdiction where T&C violation doesn't
         | mean anything? Especially if the accounts are needed in bulk,
         | where it makes sense not just to work around the legal
         | arguments but simply economically.
        
           | dodobirdlord wrote:
           | They presumably created the accounts in Israel in any case.
           | It doesn't matter though, because they're being sued in the
           | United States. Apple is a US company, and the EULA says that
           | disputes will be resolved according to California law, so
           | according to US law, Apple can sue NSO in California. The
           | jurisdiction where NSO (or their designee) agreed to the EULA
           | isn't important because contracts have two parties, and Apple
           | is in the US.
        
         | tzs wrote:
         | As quoted that sounds like a choice of law clause, not a choice
         | of forum clause, and so wouldn't necessarily help in bringing
         | suit in California.
         | 
         | In computer terms a choice of law clause in a contract is
         | essentially a macro that when the contract is interpreted in a
         | court expands to the contract law of the jurisdiction named in
         | the clause.
         | 
         | If a court in, say, Kentucky hears a contract dispute and the
         | contract has a choice of law clause specifying California it is
         | essentially as if the parties wrote California contract law
         | into their contract. For things that a contract does not have
         | the power to alter in Kentucky, Kentucky law would apply
         | regardless of what California law said. E.g., the Kentucky
         | court would use Kentucky rules of civil procedure and would use
         | Kentucky rules of evidence.
         | 
         | A choice of forum clause requires the parties to use a
         | particular jurisdiction to settle disputes. When you agree to
         | such a contract you are agreeing to give the courts of that
         | jurisdiction personal jurisdiction over you for matters
         | involving that contract.
         | 
         | PS: I found the EULA. In addition to a choice of law clause it
         | has a choice of forum clause:
         | 
         | > Except to the extent expressly provided in the following
         | paragraph, this Agreement and the relationship between you and
         | Apple shall be governed by the laws of the State of California,
         | excluding its conflicts of law provisions. You and Apple agree
         | to submit to the personal and exclusive jurisdiction of the
         | courts located within the county of Santa Clara, California, to
         | resolve any dispute or claim arising from this Agreement
         | 
         | PPS: note that the choice of law clause excludes California's
         | conflict of law provisions. That's to avoid the situation where
         | California's law says that some third jurisdiction's law should
         | apply. In theory you could even end up in a situation where
         | jurisdiction X says to use Y's laws and Y says to use X's, and
         | then you've really got a mess.
        
         | kingcharles wrote:
         | I was the victim of a state-sponsored attack. I took it to
         | court. I tried to subpoena the contents of the government
         | agents' iPhones but Apple came and filed a Joinder in Motion
         | and sent expensive lawyers to lie to the judge about the
         | judge's power to subpoena digital evidence. The lawyer
         | specifically told me all he does is go around the country and
         | lie to judges to get them to cancel subpoenas.
         | 
         | We introduced the T+Cs from one major online provider to show
         | how the government violated them. The government stipulated
         | that they had violated the T+Cs and that they had broken the
         | law. Two different courts both stated that government agents
         | are allowed to violate federal and state computer and data
         | access laws to conduct intelligence-gathering operations, and
         | they are certainly allowed to violate T+Cs even when a
         | violation of a T+C is a criminal act (which it is in many
         | jurisdictions).
         | 
         | One thing that is lulzy is that I recently received a letter
         | from one government agency stating that the evidence I had
         | requested by subpoena was no longer available because they left
         | it on a server in violation of the T+Cs and never took a copy
         | of it and the provider deleted the account.
         | 
         | It hasn't reached the appellate courts yet.
        
           | jp57 wrote:
           | > Apple came and filed a Joinder in Motion and sent expensive
           | lawyers to lie to the judge about the judge's power to
           | subpoena digital evidence.
           | 
           | If a lawyer makes an argument in court about the law
           | governing a case (as opposed to the facts of the case), and
           | the judge accepts the argument, and the judge's decision
           | survives all its appeals, then the lawyer's argument is, by
           | definition, true.
           | 
           | EDIT: I'm objecting here to the characterization of the
           | lawyers' arguments as "lying". The judge's "power" to suboena
           | digital evidence sounds like a question of interpretation of
           | the law. Many (all?) US court cases have at least one
           | question of law in which the parties make opposing arguments.
           | One party prevails, the other does not, or maybe one party
           | prevails on some points and the other prevails on other
           | points. But however those questions are ultimately decided,
           | that's the law, as it pertains to that case. In that context,
           | it seems very strange to characterize either party as "lying"
           | in such arguments.
           | 
           | If, on the other hand, "the judge's power to subpoena digital
           | evidence" really means Apple's technical ability to produce
           | such evidence, then I would agree that those are facts about
           | which some statements could be considered truthful or not.
        
             | bannable wrote:
             | Case law, not truth. Judges do not decide fact.
        
               | dragonwriter wrote:
               | > Judges do not decide fact.
               | 
               | Trial court judges in jury trials do not (in principal)
               | decide fact questions (though even that is misleading,
               | since they can decide "as a matter of law" that offered
               | evidence is insufficient for a particular fact conclusion
               | even over the jury's determination of fact, _except_ in
               | the case where that would be unfavorable to the defense
               | in a _criminal_ trial.)
               | 
               | Judges in bench trial, and appellate judges in many
               | cases, do, in fact, decide matters of fact, though in the
               | latter case the usual rules are generally, but not
               | infinitely, deferential to trial court decisions.
        
             | nickff wrote:
             | > _" If a lawyer makes an argument in court about the law
             | governing a case (as opposed to the facts of the case), and
             | the judge accepts the argument, and the judge's decision
             | survives all its appeals, then the lawyer's argument is, by
             | definition, true. "_
             | 
             | This is a Kafkaesque and wrong understanding of the legal
             | system. There are all sorts of errors of law and errors of
             | fact that are non-appealable.
        
               | kingcharles wrote:
               | I think poster above is right, certainly with respect to
               | the legal system in the USA.
               | 
               | In the USA you often get one direct appeal - an appeal by
               | right - and then if that fails, a discretionary appeal by
               | a more superior court.
               | 
               | I've seen some bone-headed decisions made by the trial
               | judge, then the same error made by the appellate judges,
               | and you know the superior court would reverse, but they
               | only take 0.01% of the cases they see every year and so
               | they just don't have time to fix every mistake. So some
               | really stupid legal decisions become "the law of the
               | case" simply because society doesn't have the funds to
               | pay more judges to check the work of lesser judges.
        
           | threeseed wrote:
           | > sent expensive lawyers to lie to the judge about the
           | judge's power to subpoena digital evidence.
           | 
           | You're being unreasonable here since it is a very grey area.
           | 
           | If Apple is compelled for example to hand over encryption
           | keys to a judge (which often means a bunch of junior lawyers)
           | then that would infringe everybody's right to have their
           | information be secure.
        
           | fsflover wrote:
           | Perhaps you may want to ask https://eff.org for help.
        
             | kingcharles wrote:
             | I tried at the time, but received no response.
        
           | lotsofpulp wrote:
           | > and they are certainly allowed to violate T+Cs even when a
           | violation of a T+C is a criminal act (which it is in many
           | jurisdictions).
           | 
           | Is violating a T&C criminal in the US, if the violating
           | action itself is not a crime? I have not heard of this. Are
           | there any examples that can be linked to? I thought it was
           | always a civil matter.
        
             | lights0123 wrote:
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_Fraud_and_Abuse_Act
             | 
             | Yes it is a federal crime, but was recently limited by
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Van_Buren_v._United_States
        
               | kingcharles wrote:
               | This is correct, although most US States have their own
               | version of CFAA which aren't so limited and don't include
               | any exceptions or exemptions, either.
        
               | roywiggins wrote:
               | The CFAA includes this. I am not sure it's possible for
               | US government actors to violate the CFAA unless they're
               | violating some other law also. It seems very unlikely
               | Congress intended to make T&Cs binding on law enforcement
               | or intelligence investigations.
               | 
               | "This section does not prohibit any lawfully authorized
               | investigative, protective, or intelligence activity of a
               | law enforcement agency of the United States, a State, or
               | a political subdivision of a State, or of an intelligence
               | agency of the United States."
               | 
               | https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/18/1030#
        
             | kingcharles wrote:
             | Yes, for instance in Illinois there is a specific crime for
             | violating terms of service:
             | 
             | 720 ILCS 5/17-51(a-10)(1) Computer tampering
             | 
             | https://www.ilga.gov/legislation/ilcs/fulltext.asp?DocName=
             | 0...
        
           | haswell wrote:
           | US based? I understand if you can't divulge any specifics,
           | but I'm always curious about the nature of these attacks,
           | e.g. we know certain types of journalists/activists are often
           | targeted.
        
             | kingcharles wrote:
             | US-based, yes.
        
       | rasengan wrote:
       | Legal methods are a crutch at best. Apple would be wise to put
       | forth the same budget into their security team's research and
       | development and properly address these weaknesses.
        
         | kelnos wrote:
         | The problem is that this approach requires that Apple expend
         | enough resources for their security to be perfect all the time.
         | Outfits like NSO Group need only be lucky once (well, with some
         | consistency, as Apple finds and fixes the vulnerabilities they
         | use).
         | 
         | It's a cat-and-mouse game where Apple has a distinct
         | disadvantage, one that's likely impossible to fully overcome.
         | 
         | They certainly should (continue to) spend a bunch of money to
         | make their OS and hardware as secure as possible. But at a
         | point returns start to diminish, and perfection just isn't an
         | attainable goal.
        
           | speeder wrote:
           | Some people even can conclude from this that being evil is
           | better idea.
           | 
           | A fictional example: there is a character in Wheel of Time,
           | that realized that for the good guys to win, they must win
           | every time the bad guy attempts something, but the bad guy
           | must win only once (since his goal is destruction of the
           | universe), thus this character concludes that being evil is a
           | better goal, since you can keep trying until you succeed, he
           | imagines eventually he WILL succeed, as a matter of "when",
           | not of "if".
        
         | monocasa wrote:
         | Their lawyers are probably on retainer, or just straight up in
         | house counsel. I doubt it costs them any more than a rounding
         | error.
        
         | jmondi wrote:
         | Would your solution to weapons exporting to have everyone buy a
         | bigger bunker? Doesn't it just make more sense to control the
         | export of weapons?
        
         | riseagain wrote:
         | Surprised to see this coming from the person that killed
         | freenode with questionable bullying involving lawyers and "life
         | ruining" consequences...
         | 
         | Hypocrisy at it's finest...
         | 
         | For the record. I'm not sympathetic to NSO group either.
        
         | rStar wrote:
         | apple controls the hardware and software on apple devices. nso
         | does not. this is public relations for apple, as much as a
         | holiday advert as any they put on tv. if apple wanted to
         | provide their customers secure devices, apple would provide
         | their customers secure devices.
        
         | rodgerd wrote:
         | Well, that's one way of outing yourself as someone who knows
         | literally nothing about modern computer security.
        
         | josh2600 wrote:
         | Ok normally I'd just let something like this go but I just have
         | to pull my hair out when I see a comment like this.
         | 
         | The attack surface of software as complicated as a modern
         | operating system (iOS or MacOS, etc.) is simply too large to
         | lockdown without dramatically hurting the user experience
         | (assuming you could actually achieve a lockdown in the first
         | place!!).
         | 
         | Let's, just for a second, propose that apple went full Monty
         | and locked the whole shebang down with the kind of tech they'd
         | need to resist NSO. That's more custom silicon, signed binaries
         | everywhere, even fewer per app permissions, literally treating
         | any piece of software running on the device as a potential
         | threat vector even more than they already do. What would this
         | get you?
         | 
         | The BoM cost would go up, a lot. The cost of writing software
         | would go up, a lot. And perhaps worst of all: it would only
         | raise the cost of a chain of exploits, not eradicate it.
         | 
         | Right now a chain of exploits is ~$5M on iOS. What if it was
         | $50M? Would that actually stop a nation state?
         | 
         | I'm sorry but there's no world where Apple can make perfect
         | security.
         | 
         | Finally, the cost of this lawsuit is a drop in the ocean
         | compared to what they already spend trying to secure the
         | software and hardware in iOS devices.
        
           | Sporktacular wrote:
           | "Right now a chain of exploits is ~$5M on iOS. What if it was
           | $50M? Would that actually stop a nation state?"
           | 
           | Yes, some states yes it would. That could make it
           | unaffordable for many of NSOs clients.
           | 
           | The result would not be perfect, just better.
        
           | DSingularity wrote:
           | Apple will advance the security of their platform more by
           | suing NSO and lobbying the US gov to position the official
           | view of the US gov regarding nation-state sponsorship for
           | malicious software as reprehensible efforts which harm
           | everyone (eg like biological/chemical weapons). If the US
           | sanctioned Israel and critiqued them as reckless maybe less
           | countries will support organizations like the NSO group.
        
           | high_byte wrote:
           | if it was 50m there would be significant increase in reports,
           | for sure. problem is Apple has a reputation for not paying
           | bounties...
        
           | matheusmoreira wrote:
           | > literally treating any piece of software running on the
           | device as a potential threat vector even more than they
           | already do
           | 
           | Sounds amazing. Every operating system should be designed
           | this way. Only free software should have full access.
           | Proprietary software cannot be trusted and must be regulated
           | and controlled.
        
           | fsflover wrote:
           | > The attack surface of software as complicated as a modern
           | operating system (iOS or MacOS, etc.) is simply too large to
           | lockdown without dramatically hurting the user experience
           | (assuming you could actually achieve a lockdown in the first
           | place!!).
           | 
           | https://qubes-os.org
        
             | tptacek wrote:
             | You talk to a lot of people who use Qubes day to day? I do.
             | What have you heard about how Qubes life is?
        
               | fsflover wrote:
               | I am gladly using Qubes myself as a daily driver. Can't
               | recommend it enough.
        
               | tptacek wrote:
               | Hey, my Qubes friends keep using it too. I'm not saying
               | it's un-usable. Is dys-usable a word?
        
               | fsflover wrote:
               | This is a vague and unconstructive criticism. Perhaps you
               | could say something more to the point.
               | 
               | In my opinion, most of the HN audience would be able to
               | use it to their benefit.
        
               | tptacek wrote:
               | That might be true! But it's not very relevant to the NSO
               | problem, because the mass market will not be able to use
               | it.
        
           | rStar wrote:
           | > I'm sorry but there's no world where Apple can make perfect
           | security
           | 
           | i think everyone knows that perfect security is not possible,
           | the operative word being 'perfect'. i think what we want is
           | for apple to 'actually try' to provide security, in some way
           | that results in security order of magnitudes better than we
           | enjoy today, which would still be miles and miles away from
           | 'perfect', vulnerable to nation state actors etc etc etc
        
             | josh2600 wrote:
             | Can you point to a single instance of a cellphone vendor
             | who takes security more seriously than Apple?
             | 
             | Put a different way, is there any device with a high
             | monthly active user count that has a higher cost to
             | purchase a black market exploit than the iPhone?
             | 
             | Apple can always do better. It should also scare the living
             | hell out of us that they're currently the best in the
             | world.
             | 
             | My point is that if Apple can't secure your phones, who
             | can? It's enough to make one think about security through
             | obscurity.
        
               | ccouzens wrote:
               | > Put a different way, is there any device with a high
               | monthly active user count that has a higher cost to
               | purchase a black market exploit than the iPhone?
               | 
               | I'm going to answer about operating system rather than
               | device.
               | 
               | The selling price of an Android full chain with
               | persistence zero click is up to $2.5 million. The selling
               | price of an iOS full chain with persistence zero click is
               | up to $2 million.
               | 
               | https://zerodium.com/program.html
               | 
               | Both are better than any desktop operating system.
        
               | LogonType10 wrote:
               | This isn't the benchmark of how secure those systems are,
               | just a benchmark of how valuable exploiting them is.
               | Hypothetically speaking, iOS could be more secure, but an
               | Android exploit could be valued more if high valued
               | targets tend to use Android. Keep in mind that phone OS
               | usage varies quite a bit by country and wealth.
        
               | ccouzens wrote:
               | I was responding to a specific comment about prices.
               | 
               | You're right that the price doesn't fully correlate with
               | security. It will reflect supply (security and interest
               | of researchers) and demand (how much there is to be
               | gained by breaking into each platform).
               | 
               | Android is more widely used, but I gather more money is
               | spent in the app store than the play store. I don't know
               | the market share of "interesting" users.
               | 
               | My analysis would be that the number shows they're not
               | that far apart. I'd be skeptical of anyone (IE apple's
               | press release) saying that either platform is more
               | secure. Security is too nuanced to be expressed as a
               | total order.
        
               | LogonType10 wrote:
               | Agreed! Thank you for posting that Zerodium link. It's
               | always great to bring substantive data into a security
               | discussion.
        
               | josh2600 wrote:
               | 100%, thank you. I had spoken to someone at Apple who
               | said Apple was $5M and Android was $2M, but I hadn't
               | bothered to check. Thanks for posting data!!
        
               | fsflover wrote:
               | > is there any device with a high monthly active user
               | count that has a higher cost to purchase a black market
               | exploit than the iPhone?
               | 
               | This is unfair, because there is a duopoly and the only
               | alternative on mass market is Android. Of course in such
               | circumstances the exploits will be expensive, even if
               | security is awful.
               | 
               | Ignoring this, Purism takes security more seriously,
               | because they give the user full control over the OS with
               | possibility to replace/reinstall or harden it. In
               | contrast to that, rarely updated iMessage is impossible
               | to uninstall on iOs.
        
             | kelnos wrote:
             | > _i think what we want is for apple to 'actually try' to
             | provide security, in some way that results in security
             | order of magnitudes better than we enjoy today_
             | 
             | That's a pretty tall order, and would likely result in a
             | device that is much more expensive and has a user
             | experience that users would not like. Assuming "orders of
             | magnitude better" is even possible, of which I am
             | skeptical.
        
           | tptacek wrote:
           | I co-sign this whole comment and answer the rhetorical
           | question: $50MM for an exploit chain would not stop a state-
           | level adversary. Their alternatives for these kinds of
           | operations is human intelligence; they'd pay more just in
           | health benefits to staff those operations.
        
           | snowwrestler wrote:
           | You're not wrong about the impossibility of perfect security.
           | 
           | But Apple is praising and promising to support independent
           | security research in this press release. Meanwhile they have
           | a reputation among independent security researchers for being
           | standoffish, opaque, slow to respond, and even outright
           | hostile in suing Corellium. They settled that suit but the
           | reputation remains.
           | 
           | Apple is the most valuable company in the world. They do not
           | appear to have the best security program in the world.
           | Whatever Citizen Lab can do, Apple should be able to do
           | better; they have a lot more resources and expertise.
           | 
           | I'm not doubting that Apple puts a lot of effort into
           | securing their products. But it seems like they still have
           | significant room for improvement.
        
             | concinds wrote:
             | Seconded. There are many, many low hanging fruits that
             | would substantially improve Apple users' security that
             | Apple has not yet implemented, for example delivering
             | Safari updates independently from macOS updates and having
             | a seamless auto-update mechanism equivalent to every other
             | modern browser. Apple repeatedly claims that most malware
             | targets Android, which is true, but it includes Play Store
             | adware and side-loaded malware; if you only take RCE
             | exploits, which are the relevant class of malware here, one
             | could argue Android is as secure, or more secure than iOS.
             | I would argue the latter, given that Safari and iMessage
             | (as well as integrated WebKit webviews, like Apple Music)
             | seem like the primary attack vectors, and the ones used by
             | NSO; and that security updates to those components, unlike
             | the Android equivalents, are delayed to match Apple's
             | preferred iOS release schedule, instead of being
             | autoupdated separately and transparently to the user.
        
               | nicce wrote:
               | One could also argue, that as Apple is commonly branded
               | as "secure" alternative, and therefore high profile
               | targets are potentially using their products. This might
               | mean that interest is much higher for attackers on that
               | side. They might not care so much about Android.
               | Increased interest and effort means that more likely
               | something is found.
               | 
               | Also, Apple's sandboxing settings and permission managing
               | makes the most malware pretty useless with App store
               | policies (no sideloading), so only RCE exploits are kinda
               | useful.
               | 
               | What it comes to iMessages, that is the most interesting
               | channel with Safari to deliver exploits, iMessage without
               | user interaction and Safari with some. All you need to
               | know is that target is using iPhone. Other non-default
               | applications as target introduces new challenges.
               | iMessage and Safaring being part of OS updates might
               | indicate, that they are handled differently compared to
               | other apps - is security policy same, worse or better? Is
               | there larger attack interface to system by using these
               | apps?
        
             | miohtama wrote:
             | Recently
             | 
             | https://arstechnica.com/information-
             | technology/2021/09/three...
        
             | jolux wrote:
             | > They do not appear to have the best security program in
             | the world.
             | 
             | By what measure? That they don't find all the security
             | bugs? Have you seen what iOS exploit chains look like these
             | days? They're not exactly simple. I think there is
             | literally no amount of money that could be spent that would
             | eliminate all the security bugs in iOS, or Apple would be
             | figuring out how to spend that much right now. So yes, you
             | can always argue that they should spend more, and I'm sure
             | they do spend more every time something like Pegasus
             | happens, but it's not some grand revelation. This is just
             | how things are.
             | 
             | > Whatever Citizen Lab can do, Apple should be able to do
             | better; they have a lot more resources and expertise.
             | 
             | At the tail, this doesn't matter. Other people find bugs
             | because there are _always_ more bugs to be found. There
             | will never be a situation where only Apple can find more
             | bugs in its operating system.
        
           | Sporktacular wrote:
           | It's not clear the user experience would have to suffer.
           | Maybe there are more groups doing for software architecture
           | what Signal did for messaging. Groups like Heisers' SEL4 and
           | Qubes. As for expense, imagine how much more we would have
           | paid today, in real and opportunity costs, if over the last
           | 20 years everyone used this "no such thing a perfect
           | security" fatalism as the excuse to not just do things a bit
           | better.
        
         | kingcharles wrote:
         | Why not both?
        
         | jmull wrote:
         | As if there's a magic button trillion dollar companies can buy
         | that, when pushed, removed all security vulnerabilities from
         | software and hardware, no matter how complex!
        
       | ece wrote:
       | Apple mentions PAC, PPL, and BlastDoor, and I'm left wondering if
       | SELinux+JIT sanboxing on Android isn't better than all three
       | combined. Though, I can't wait to see ARMv9/Intel CET processors
       | and associated software being more widespread as well for
       | CFI+W^X+Sandbox/Memory Encryption features.
        
       | sorry_outta_gas wrote:
       | hah! that'll show 'em /s
        
       | Sporktacular wrote:
       | We need to target the pos engineers and management at NSO,
       | Finfisher, Hacking Group etc. who sell their souls for a fast
       | buck. These pricks are likely already setting up the next
       | corporate front for when this one collapses. Let's make the
       | mercenary business a cripplingly expensive line of work.
        
         | fortran77 wrote:
         | "target them"? What are you proposing?
        
           | sneak wrote:
           | Refuse to hire them, like I do for Facebook, Microsoft, and
           | Raytheon/Booz/etc staff.
           | 
           | Blog about their names and the work they do and their
           | employer, so anyone searching for them on Google knows that
           | they are military-industrial complex scumbags.
        
             | montblanc wrote:
             | Wait what? You don't hire people from Microsoft? Let's say
             | I get Facebook (I don't really) but what's wrong with
             | Microsoft?
             | 
             | How about people who eat meat? Or vote for the other party
             | - the one you don't like? Are you trying to hire people who
             | are morally compatible with you on every single question?
             | That's gonna be rough hiring.
             | 
             | Even the weapons industry is a tough one. The knee jerk
             | reaction says it's immoral to work for them. But after
             | contemplating - if the U.S (or Europe, or anyone else)
             | doesn't have an advanced military it will be taken over by
             | its enemies (Chinese, Russians etc). Yes, the fact that
             | "they" build their own militaries for the exact same reason
             | is tragic. But if the U.S just dismantled it's arms
             | industries what do you think would happen in a few decades?
        
               | nier wrote:
               | The thought of any military being advanced due to
               | Microsoft's help made me giggle.
               | 
               | My opinion is that the best you can do is to hire people
               | with a similar set of core values and there's nothing
               | wrong with everybody having their own ethical scale that
               | they act upon accordingly.
        
               | sneak wrote:
               | The US military runs on Microsoft. The slides that
               | Snowden leaked were PowerPoints.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | montblanc wrote:
               | It also runs on Intel and probably gets some supplies
               | from Europe. It's pretty insane to boycott any company
               | that indirectly works with the U.S military.
        
               | sneak wrote:
               | Microsoft doesn't work indirectly. Neither does Amazon.
        
               | tentacleuno wrote:
               | They most likely run on Microsoft because almost everyone
               | knows how to use the operating system.
        
               | montblanc wrote:
               | > My opinion is that the best you can do is to hire
               | people with a similar set of core values
               | 
               | Not working with people who worked at Microsoft is a huge
               | inflation of the concept "core values". There are
               | terrific people who work for Microsoft who are far better
               | than you or I (statistically it must be true), yet they
               | are somehow not good enough to pass your "core values".
               | Which are what exactly?
               | 
               | Also - would you be as liberal for the opposite
               | discrimination? Someone who thinks progressive politics
               | should be banned in his company?
        
               | Sporktacular wrote:
               | Don't conflate NSO with a disciplined military.
               | 
               | If you're looking for an analog try
               | Xe/Blackwater/Academi/whatever it's now called.
        
             | throw10920 wrote:
             | > Blog about their names and the work they do
             | 
             | This is, uh, rather malicious, and definitely undemocratic.
             | Let's not have any of that, please.
        
               | Sporktacular wrote:
               | Yeah, cos it's the BLOGGERS who are undemocratic.
               | 
               | Amazingly poor choice of words/priorities.
        
             | tentacleuno wrote:
             | > Blog about their names and the work they do and their
             | employer, so anyone searching for them on Google knows that
             | they are military-industrial complex scumbags.
             | 
             | I don't see how this is constructive. Some companies are
             | actively seeking out people from SV companies, especially
             | Google and Facebook.
        
           | technobabbler wrote:
           | Strongly-worded emails written by mediocre AI.
        
           | jtsiskin wrote:
           | Based on context, and the phrase "expensive", I assume they
           | mean they want prosecution/legal action against the
           | individual engineers and management. Not threatening
        
             | tentacleuno wrote:
             | Wouldn't it be better to target the one outfit (NSO), and
             | not its workers? Then again, I suppose the workers would
             | setup another underground business to do the same thing,
             | with the same exploits, and the same people. What is the
             | solution for this?
        
               | Sporktacular wrote:
               | The solution is go after its staff.
               | 
               | For governments, standard CT/AML financial intelligence:
               | identify employees, shareholders/UBOs and add them and
               | subsequent companies they start to the various
               | watchlists/blacklists. For the public: open source
               | intelligence, post info on forums, name and shame etc.
        
           | bjourne wrote:
           | An often cited rule on HN is that you should assume the most
           | charitable interpretation... Parent might be suggesting that
           | those that make money on NSO Group's spyware should be
           | treated in the same way that we treat others that make money
           | on deeply immoral or illegal businesses. E.g it is not
           | illegal to optimize online casinos to suck money out of
           | gambling addicts, but many of us thinks that it is immoral.
        
           | mopsi wrote:
           | Ban them and their immediate family from everywhere: iCloud,
           | Google, Instagram, Github, Cloudflare, Spotify, Steam, etc.
           | 
           | Make them explain their kids that they can't play games on
           | Xbox or listen to music on Spotify because their daddy is a
           | terrorist.
        
             | fortran77 wrote:
             | Terrorist? Really? I think one can argue that they've
             | likely saved many, many lives.
        
               | kome wrote:
               | please
        
               | tclancy wrote:
               | Whose?
        
               | Eelongate wrote:
               | They support oppressive regimes with their products and
               | services, thereby suppressing public revolts and
               | preempting civil wars that doubtlessly would claim the
               | lives of many. Very noble of them. /S
        
               | montblanc wrote:
               | The U.S supports the same regimes. The U.S made huge
               | weapons deals with UAE, Saudi Arabia and more. Selling
               | actual fighting jets that destroy thousands of people,
               | not some cyber app.
        
               | Sporktacular wrote:
               | Ideas can cost and save lives too.
               | 
               | So whatabout someother asshole? Come back when you have
               | an argument.
        
               | Eelongate wrote:
               | Very noble of the US as well, no doubt. Mercenaries and
               | weapon merchants have earned their reputations.
        
           | Sporktacular wrote:
           | Firstly, chill. Secondly, focus attention on them so they
           | feel the legal, civil and reputational consequences (in line
           | with the theme of this entire post) of their career choices.
           | Draining a disgusting industry of expertise that it couldn't
           | exist without.
           | 
           | They made their choices. Their victims had none.
        
           | [deleted]
        
       | cannabis_sam wrote:
       | Every single individual that has ever worked for NSO in any
       | capacity, should be treated as an extremely serious security
       | threat...
       | 
       | Employ these psychotic assholes at your own risk.
        
       | fortran77 wrote:
       | Apple enabled them by making insecure operating systems. Aren't
       | we on Hacker News all for the ability to side-load software on
       | your platform?
        
         | threeseed wrote:
         | Do you have some statistical evidence that macOS is
         | fundamentally more insecure than other operating systems ? That
         | would be surprising to me given many controls e.g. application
         | signing I've not seen implemented on other platforms.
        
           | fortran77 wrote:
           | NSO seems to concentrate on making products for iOS
        
             | ViViDboarder wrote:
             | Because their targets are on iOS and exploits garner more
             | money. That sounds like a signal that the supply of
             | exploits are lower or the demand very high. This doesn't,
             | to me, seem to signal that it's more insecure, in fact, it
             | may signal that it's more secure.
        
       | yuvadam wrote:
       | The framing of NSO as "state-sponsored" cannot be overstated, and
       | Apple didn't miss the chance to do just that.
       | 
       | A hard blow to Israel's policy just as much as it is to NSO
       | itself.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | smoldesu wrote:
         | The framing is "abuse" of state-sponsored spyware, not
         | necessarily spyware in-and-of itself. As seen with PRISM, Apple
         | has no problem putting state-sponsored spyware on millions of
         | phones, so long as they (or the US government) doesn't consider
         | it "abuse".
        
         | badRNG wrote:
         | One could interpret this as the software is "sponsored" by the
         | governments that finance their operations and purchase their
         | products. This would be countries like Saudi Arabia, Mexico,
         | Germany, and Kazakhstan, not _necessarily_ Israel.
         | 
         | Though the fact the US has sanctioned an Israeli business does
         | seem to have potential implications on Israeli policy. [1]
         | 
         | [1] https://www.reuters.com/technology/us-blacklists-four-
         | compan...
        
           | DSingularity wrote:
           | NSO would not sell to those countries if the regional
           | interests of Saudi /UAE were unaligned with the Israeli
           | desires for the regions. Israel wants dictatorships
           | throughout the Arabian peninsula and turmoil within the
           | borders of all of its neighbors. The NSO software helps
           | advance Israeli interests on both those fronts.
        
           | technobabbler wrote:
           | Beyond merely selling their products to Israel, the NSO Group
           | itself is an Israeli firm, founded by ex-Israeli
           | intelligence, and whose products are subject to Israeli
           | national export controls.
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NSO_Group
           | 
           | That's a level of sponsorship way beyond simply being a
           | customer... that's state espionage served with a side of
           | profit. It's evil when the USA does it, it's evil when the
           | Russians do it, it's evil when China does it, it's evil when
           | Israel does it... but nobody does anything about it because
           | all those states would prefer strong surveillance rather than
           | rights for activists and journalists.
        
             | nikcub wrote:
             | Further to this there has been some recent coverage in the
             | Israeli press about the strong relationship between NSO
             | Group and the Israeli government. The gov used NSO and it's
             | products as a lure to the Gulf states to bring them on-side
             | as a wedge against Iran
             | 
             | https://www.haaretz.com/middle-east-news/.premium-with-
             | israe...
             | 
             | > NSO is one of the most active Israeli companies in the
             | Gulf, and its Pegasus 3 software permits law enforcement
             | authorities to hack into cellphones, copy their contents
             | and sometimes even to control their camera and audio
             | recording capabilities
             | 
             | > Israel put NSO in touch with Arab states in the region,
             | and Israeli representatives even took part in marketing
             | meetings between intelligence officials in the Arab states
             | and NSO executives. Some of the meetings were held in
             | Israel.
             | 
             | Further reading on just how intertwined NSO group was with
             | the government:
             | 
             | https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/.premium.HIGHLIGHT-
             | israe...
        
             | SubjectToChange wrote:
             | _the NSO Group itself is an Israeli firm, founded by ex-
             | Israeli intelligence, and whose products are subject to
             | Israeli national export controls._
             | 
             | All this means is that the NSO Group is an Israeli company
             | staffed by Israeli citizens. I don't know what export
             | controls have to do with anything since those apply
             | categories of products, regardless of whether or not you
             | have business with the Israeli government.
        
               | technobabbler wrote:
               | It's a little disingenuous to suggest that an
               | intelligence firm founded by state intelligence officers
               | is just another "Israeli company staffed by Israeli
               | citizens", as though it were a street-corner restaurant.
               | Other threads here have mentioned the close ties between
               | that company and the government. Is this really
               | controversial? Who _else_ would a hardcore surveillance
               | company 's primary customers be..? Cheating spouses?
               | 
               | Export controls means, one, that the product they're
               | selling is likely a concern of national security, unlike,
               | say, your average lockpick kit or GPS tracker. Two, it
               | means the state gets to selectively pick and choose who
               | it shares this technology with, using it as a tool of
               | statecraft/diplomacy/subterfuge/sabotage. It's a
               | recognition of the value of the technology, along with a
               | desire to limit its availability to Israel's enemies.
               | 
               | NSO's own website says "NSO Group, develops best-in-class
               | technology to help government agencies detect and prevent
               | a wide-range of local and global threats." It wouldn't
               | exist if not for state sponsorship.
        
               | SubjectToChange wrote:
               | _It 's a little disingenuous to suggest that an
               | intelligence firm founded by state intelligence officers
               | is just another "Israeli company staffed by Israeli
               | citizens", as though it were a street-corner restaurant.
               | Other threads here have mentioned the close ties between
               | that company and the government._
               | 
               | I have no problem believing that Israel "sponsors" them,
               | but your justifications are baseless. Ex-intelligence
               | officers are not government officials, they are
               | civilians. And government contracts don't imply
               | "sponsorship" in the usual sense, e.g. a landscaping
               | company would not be said to be "state-sponsored" just
               | because they are contracted to work around a government
               | property.
               | 
               | You, and Apple, have to demonstrate how Israel materially
               | supports the NSO Group outside of usual business
               | practices.
               | 
               |  _Export controls means, one, that the product they 're
               | selling is likely a concern of national security, unlike,
               | say, your average lockpick kit or GPS tracker._
               | 
               | GPS devices of almost any kind are subject to ITAR/EAR in
               | the USA. It is _extremely_ easy to run afoul of weapons
               | export controls and there is quite a large market for
               | ITAR-free products. It means extraordinarily little if a
               | product is subject to these type of controls.
        
               | lozenge wrote:
               | Export controls of weapons, not simply customs laws.
               | Every NSO group contract needs Israeli government
               | approval similar to how Lockheed Martin cannot simply
               | sell weapons to any country.
        
             | einpoklum wrote:
             | > Israeli national export controls
             | 
             | A crash course in Israeli national export control:
             | 
             | 1. You can sell everything except for nuclear tech (and
             | maybe even that, I don't know).
             | 
             | 2. If the client is not officially an enemy of Israel then
             | do whatever you want, we don't give an f'ing f'.
             | 
             | 3. If the client _is_ officially an enemy of Israel, then
             | all sales must be conducted through official (secret) state
             | channels. Independent side-action will not be tolerated
             | (see the cases of Nahum Manbar or Shim'on Sheves). This
             | might be a hassle, but the upside is that the courts will
             | uphold complete secrecy of your affairs and the military
             | censorship (yes, Israel has that) will likely prevent any
             | nasty exposes.
             | 
             | 4. If the US throws a tantrum, then sections (1.) and (2.)
             | are abrogated. But don't worry: There plenty of generals
             | and other high-ranking retired officers are in key
             | positions in politics, and a bunch of us are wanted for war
             | crimes anyways with ICC cases pending, so... we're all
             | friends here and we got your back.
        
               | montblanc wrote:
               | Is that so much different than how the U.S operates,
               | other than Israel is really fun to demonize? The U.S arms
               | whoever it wants to arm, Europe as well. So selling
               | F-15's is cool but cyber hacks isn't. Got it.
        
               | technobabbler wrote:
               | There's definitely parallels to be drawn between the
               | Israeli and the American conservative/right-wing/militant
               | nationalist elements. Both countries operate as global
               | bullies, using military force to subjugate externally and
               | propaganda and fear of replacement to subjugate
               | internally, heavily enhanced by the use of technology.
               | 
               | They both have this old-guard mentality of "might makes
               | right" hegemony, which a lot of other countries (and some
               | portion of their populations) don't like because it's
               | broadly incompatible with a human-rights centered
               | worldview that favors the pipe dream of peaceful
               | multilateral democracies. Count myself as someone who
               | dislikes this approach.
               | 
               | Whether it's planes or surveillance tech or reactor
               | malware doesn't really matter, all just ammunition for
               | their goals.
               | 
               | Israel at least has a survival need; it learned the
               | (very) hard way that it has many enemies constantly
               | seeking to destroy it. It's an us-or-them mentality
               | hardened by centuries of oppression and decades of war.
               | 
               | America... now that's much harder to find an excuse for.
               | And arguably we've spent all our resources on attacking
               | Muslim scapegoats while China leapfrogs us. But hey, I
               | don't make global policy, I just comment on it on the
               | internet.
        
               | einpoklum wrote:
               | > Israel at least has a survival need;
               | 
               | Every state has a "survival need"
               | 
               | > it learned the (very) hard way that it has many enemies
               | constantly seeking to destroy it.
               | 
               | While that might be true at the level of people in the
               | Arab East, but as far as states are concerned, that isn't
               | actually the case. Unfortunately, repressive governments
               | in Jordan, Egypt and elsewhere are supportive of Israel;
               | and Lebanon and Syria are effectively quiescent long-
               | term.
               | 
               | And that's despite Israel's best efforts to trigger
               | enmity...
               | 
               | > It's an us-or-them mentality hardened by centuries of
               | oppression and decades of war.
               | 
               | Israel has only existed for 73 years. And - it directly
               | started most of the wars it fought; and one other was an
               | attack to reclaim land occupied by a previous Israeli
               | campaign. It's only the gulf war in which Israeli was
               | "just attacked" (by Scud rockets from Iraq).
        
               | technobabbler wrote:
               | > Unfortunately, repressive governments in Jordan, Egypt
               | and elsewhere are supportive of Israel; and Lebanon and
               | Syria are effectively quiescent long-term.
               | 
               | IMO that's the direct _result_ of Israel being strong
               | militarily, a reluctant status quo arrived at by the
               | immense competence of the IDF. Earlier in history much of
               | the Arab world would 've much preferred Israel to not
               | have existed at all. They Israelis had to carve out a
               | niche for themselves through sheer force of will (and
               | firepower).
               | 
               | > And - it directly started most of the wars it fought;
               | and one other was an attack to reclaim land occupied by a
               | previous Israeli campaign.
               | 
               | I don't think that's a very fair framing of the
               | situation. I despise Israeli militancy, and I feel sorry
               | for the Palestinians, and I wish we wouldn't support
               | Israel's efforts to displace them... but that land has
               | been contested since biblical times.
               | 
               | For many centuries the Jews lacked a proper homeland, and
               | that did not at all end well for them. Most of the
               | world's population lives on stolen or conquered land. Who
               | "originally" owned the now-contested area isn't really
               | relevant; both sides claim it as their ancestral homeland
               | (and both sides are partially right, as far as I can tell
               | as an outsider). More importantly, both sides live there
               | now, regardless of who got there "first".
               | 
               | If Israel gave up arms, it would cease to exist within
               | the week. If Israel did not so strongly defend itself, as
               | in the Six-Day War, it would almost certainly have ceased
               | to exist by now. Some of the Arab world _tolerates_
               | Israel and may make tactical decisions to cooperate with
               | them on limited bases. But that is a very far cry from
               | outright accepting them as a friendly neighbor, E.U.
               | style. Israel 's survival needs are unlike those of most
               | other developed nations in the world, who are largely
               | surrounded by stable neighbors... it's comparable maybe
               | only to Taiwan, Ukraine, South Korea, and other
               | situations facing immediate volatility.
               | 
               | This isn't to excuse (what I consider) the excessive use
               | of force on the Israeli part, but it's the _excessive_
               | that I take issue with. If they didn 't use force at all
               | (or at least threaten to and actually have the capacity
               | for), they really wouldn't exist for very long... history
               | has shown that time and time again, and it's the very
               | reason Israel was founded as such. They have been
               | challenged, life-or-death style, in a way that very few
               | other countries have been or foreseeably will be. If the
               | USA lost a war, maybe we'd fail to accomplish some
               | geopolitical objective... but it's unlikely the country
               | would simply disappear altogether. If Israel lost a war,
               | it's the next Holocaust.
        
               | fortran77 wrote:
               | This is not relevant to the subject, and full of lies.
               | @dang -- clean up the thread
        
               | grzm wrote:
               | "@dang" doesn't do anything special. The most reliable
               | way to reach the mods is to email them using the Contact
               | link in the footer.
        
               | montblanc wrote:
               | > And - it directly started most of the wars it fought;
               | and one other was an attack to reclaim land occupied by a
               | previous Israeli campaign. It's only the gulf war in
               | which Israeli was "just attacked" (by Scud rockets from
               | Iraq).
               | 
               | That's a very naive way to look at things, I really doubt
               | you bothered looking into it deeply. Israel had little
               | choice to go to the 1967 war, Egypt was preparing for war
               | both rhetorically and in action (blockade of the Straits
               | of Tiran among others). If you actually care about
               | History and read about that period you'd understand
               | Israel felt it was facing an existential threat. Was it
               | the case? We don't really know. There was a good chance
               | Egypt would have started invading. I agree that Arab
               | states tend to sometimes speak a lot (even threatening
               | genocide) without doing much, but Israel couldn't really
               | know.
        
               | montblanc wrote:
               | > hey both have this old-guard mentality of "might makes
               | right" hegemony, which a lot of other countries (and some
               | portion of their populations) don't like because it's
               | broadly incompatible with a human-rights centered
               | worldview that favors the pipe dream of peaceful
               | multilateral democracies.
               | 
               | At least you are honest enough to say it's a pipe dream.
               | It really is. The world is pretty brutal and liberal
               | democracy is a value shared by a minority of humanity. If
               | liberal democracy wants to survive it sometimes has to
               | defend itself. The minimum it needs is an army to protect
               | its people. Does that absolve U.S or Israel from every
               | arms sell they do? Probably not. But it's a broad context
               | we need to understand when we talk about this issue.
               | 
               | > which a lot of other countries (and some portion of
               | their populations) don't like because it's broadly
               | incompatible with a human-rights centered worldview
               | 
               | I understand that's the liberal and progressive thing to
               | say. But if you really think about it, it reeks from
               | hypocrisy. The "progressive" countries (who are they
               | exactly?) like Canada, Sweden, Australia etc all need the
               | U.S to protect them. They wouldn't want the U.S to go
               | away, not in a million years.
        
               | technobabbler wrote:
               | > The world is pretty brutal and liberal democracy is a
               | value shared by a minority of humanity. If liberal
               | democracy wants to survive it sometimes has to defend
               | itself. The minimum it needs is an army to protect its
               | people.
               | 
               | Yes, I agree to a large extent. Most of the world's
               | strong extant states were forged in war (or is a quasi
               | vassal state to one which was). We didn't get here by
               | being nice to each other. A strong defensive military is
               | something I think every state would be wise to have, so
               | long as human nature remains what it is... we're not
               | wizened philosopher-kings, more just horny, hungry apes.
               | 
               | The distinction I draw is in foreign interference in
               | matters that do not directly threaten us. I would rather
               | see us resign from our role as world police/bully and
               | focus more on domestic affairs, severely scaling back our
               | force projection abilities (namely, carrier groups whose
               | homeland defense uses are limited). I don't believe in
               | this idea that "the only way to protect ourselves is to
               | shape the world in our image, and forcibly subjugate
               | those who will not willingly convert". Yes, there are
               | shitty dictators out there, there is real evil in the
               | world, but we're no angels and we've done a really shitty
               | job of trying to make other countries better (with
               | limited exceptions, like post-WW2 Japan and Germany).
               | 
               | The thing is, sustainable peace through militant
               | nationalism is also a pipe dream. It's never stable for
               | long and it creates vast power differentials that breeds
               | discontent and violence; eventually it bleeds back over
               | to us. I'd bet, measured across a few decades, our forays
               | in Afghanistan and Iraq will create more terrorists than
               | we've actually stopped... our administrations think in
               | 4-8 year terms, not 20+, incurring foreign policy debts
               | that later generations will have to try to pay off in an
               | increasingly unstable world compounded by not just
               | virally-amplified ideologies but also skyrocketing
               | inequality and climate change. There is no military force
               | that can keep an unstable, discontent world of ~8 billion
               | apes in check for long.
               | 
               | Absent either a world dictatorship or peaceful
               | multilateral democracies, I'd settle for regional
               | hegemonies and old-school spheres of influence instead...
               | we stay out of China's way, they stay out of ours, we
               | trade peacefully. That means some nations will fall,
               | whether it's Israel (possible, but unlikely?) or Taiwan
               | (probably), Ukraine, etc. Sucks for those countries, but
               | by % of world population, I believe that will result in
               | greater overall peace and prosperity.
               | 
               | Shrug. It's all pipe dreams. Always has been. Some of us
               | just have bigger pipes, I guess.
        
               | technobabbler wrote:
               | > which a lot of other countries (and some portion of
               | their populations) don't like because it's broadly
               | incompatible with a human-rights centered worldview
               | 
               | >> I understand that's the liberal and progressive thing
               | to say. But if you really think about it, it reeks from
               | hypocrisy. The "progressive" countries (who are they
               | exactly?) like Canada, Sweden, Australia etc all need the
               | U.S to protect them. They wouldn't want the U.S to go
               | away, not in a million years.
               | 
               | Yeah, even a self-identified progressive, I unfortunately
               | still mostly agree with you. Most of the
               | liberals/progressives I've discussed foreign affairs with
               | seem to have a pretty limited understanding of (or even
               | interest in) military history. Not that I'm an expert by
               | any stretch, but I do worry that they naively see the
               | world as an unreasonably safe place. I don't think it is.
               | 
               | The American progressive strong suit is in domestic
               | affairs -- leftist populism, basically -- not military
               | strategy or even foreign policy at large.
               | 
               | Broadly, I suppose I believe in big hugs for my fellow
               | citizens, big talks with our competitors, and big guns
               | for our enemies (but we sure as heck shouldn't shoot
               | first).
               | 
               | > Canada, Sweden, Australia etc all need the U.S to
               | protect them
               | 
               | Y'know, Trump wasn't right about much, but maybe NATO
               | really ought to pay its fair share in regional defense.
               | Our forces are so disproportionate that NATO is less like
               | an alliance and more like a protectorate. It can't just
               | forever be "the Western world will fall apart absent
               | American carriers"... if for no other reason than
               | hypersonic missiles. We cemented global hegemon status in
               | the post-WW2 years, but it's not a responsibility we
               | should have to single-handedly carry into the indefinite
               | future. If our allies need to build up their defenses,
               | maybe we could encourage them by gradually bringing ours
               | home. And if we have fewer foreign expeditions, cool,
               | maybe we'd make fewer enemies.
               | 
               | In other words, I think our military should be strong
               | enough to defend against homeland invasions and provide
               | limit support to our allies, but not so strong that it
               | runs the entire world's geosecurity. Somewhere in between
               | is the question of what to do about Eurasia and
               | specifically China... ideally we'd find some Cold-War
               | like balance of mutually assured destruction, with
               | neither side really wanting a hot war. Even better would
               | be if we just cooperated economically with them and
               | worked together on climate change, and let them run their
               | social experiment while we run ours. We need to stop
               | thinking we can singlehandedly liberate the world from
               | oppression, or bring light to darkness, or whatever.
               | We're just another country with big guns and small
               | hearts... there's been many through history, none of
               | which ended particularly well.
        
               | einpoklum wrote:
               | The main differences from the US as I see them:
               | 
               | * Less effective government control of the press
               | (although that seems to be tightening up in recent
               | years).
               | 
               | * Less use of secrecy, i.e. more of the sales happen in
               | the open.
               | 
               | * The US has more enemies which it actually doesn't sell
               | to.
               | 
               | * No outside boss country to prevent the US from doing
               | what it wants.
        
               | montblanc wrote:
               | So morally there is no difference, there are only some
               | technical differences.
        
               | bjourne wrote:
               | Are you sure about that? The English translation of the
               | export control law seem to imply that companies exporting
               | defense equipment must have a license and that that
               | license can be revoked whenever for almost whatever
               | reason: http://www.exportctrl.mod.gov.il/Documents/%D7%97
               | %D7%95%D7%A... I may be misunderstanding it though.
        
               | [deleted]
        
             | nickff wrote:
             | None of this seems like 'sponsorship' to me, it seems more
             | like 'restriction' or 'regulation'. 'Sponsorship' implies
             | that someone is providing a level of funding beyond just
             | being a paying customer. Is there any evidence that the
             | government of Israel (or any of the other governments you
             | mention) are actually providing loans or share capital to
             | NSO Group?
        
               | high_byte wrote:
               | my brother has vans sponsorship. he gets shirts and
               | shoes, not money ;)
               | 
               | you get my point?
        
               | nickff wrote:
               | I agree that the word 'sponsorship' has been quite
               | diluted, as you point out, but it should mean something
               | more than 'be a customer of'. Do I sponsor my local
               | sports team when I buy tickets to a game? Am I sponsoring
               | Netflix by subscribing? Do I sponsor my local government
               | by paying property taxes? On the flip side, does my
               | government sponsor me by granting a driver's license?
        
               | Sporktacular wrote:
               | I get bothered by the use of the term "nation-state" in
               | this context.
               | 
               | And I thought I was pedantic.
        
               | nickff wrote:
               | > _" I get bothered by the use of the term "nation-state"
               | in this context.
               | 
               | And I thought I was pedantic. "_
               | 
               | I don't think I'm being pedantic, it seems like people
               | use the word 'sponsor' in these contexts to exaggerate
               | and vilify.
               | 
               | Nobody seems to have used the word 'nation-state' in this
               | post; what made you think of it?
        
               | Sporktacular wrote:
               | It's used throughout the comments and the topic
               | generally. I don't call it out (for meaning a state with
               | borders aligned with an ethnicity) because I get the
               | point being made.
               | 
               | As for sponsorship, states sponsor their industries by
               | providing labor trained at public expense, promoting them
               | abroad through trade agreements, access to trade
               | representation etc. so there is the technical definition
               | of sponsorship met.
               | 
               | The revolving door between Unit 8200 and surveillance
               | startups is documented as is Israel's courting of KSA and
               | the UAE with access to intelligence sharing and
               | capabilities as a bargaining chip. And why wouldn't they?
               | It's good for the state and its industry. Just sucks for
               | everyone else.
               | 
               | The definition of sponsorship doesn't matter when it is
               | met in every sense of the word.
        
               | montblanc wrote:
               | > Just sucks for everyone else
               | 
               | Not necessarily. I assume you mean it fortifies despot
               | regimes in the Middle East right? I no longer think at
               | this time there is any sane alternative.
        
               | Sporktacular wrote:
               | Because that's worked out so well until now. So may as
               | well make a little cash on the side of it, eh?
               | 
               | Do you think the path to end tyranny was so smooth in
               | developed countries? Think back through Western
               | revolutionary history and now immediately forget the name
               | of every leader the moment you think of them - because
               | that's what's happening, right now, in these countries at
               | this exact stage of their political development. The
               | technology now exists to make effective popular
               | resistance impossible. Every possible rebellion strangled
               | at birth. Every potential leader, every sympathetic
               | journalist, religious or opposition figure, immediately
               | identified, located and silenced.
               | 
               | And apparently that's worth a comfortable 6 figure salary
               | to a lot of engineers and managers in comfortable,
               | developed countries.
               | 
               | Do you really think you'd be in the position you're in if
               | your ancestors never had the chance to remove their
               | despotic king/emperor/dear leader? If you don't think it
               | would be another North Korea, maybe it's because of some
               | ahistorical belief that your culture is inherently more
               | civilised. So you probably don't see the racism that's
               | implicit in your statement.
               | 
               | From my experience in the Middle East, seeing people
               | march for an end to corruption, for justice, for a chance
               | for their kids, I realise I hardly know anyone back home
               | as brave, as prepared to risk everything for their
               | political and civil rights. They aren't marching for
               | another ruler. They deserve a chance.
               | 
               | So fuck NSO and its deplorable staff.
        
               | threeseed wrote:
               | Dictionary defines it broader than just money i.e.
               | support, advice etc.
               | 
               | In this case it is clear that the Israeli government is
               | sponsoring NSO.
        
             | fortran77 wrote:
             | The very wikipedia article you linked to says that the NSO
             | Group is owned by " Novalpina Capital" They describe
             | themselves this way:
             | 
             | > Novalpina Capital is an independent European private
             | equity firm that focuses on making control equity
             | investments in middle market companies throughout the
             | continent. Novalpina Capital has a solution-orientated,
             | entrepreneurial approach to investing and creating value in
             | its portfolio companies.
             | 
             | > Novalpina Capital was established by Stephen Peel, Stefan
             | Kowski and Bastian Lueken in 2017. The Founding Partners
             | bring combined experience of 48 years in private equity
             | investing, including senior positions in the European
             | operations of leading global private equity investment
             | firms, and have a shared history of working together for
             | nearly a decade.
        
               | technobabbler wrote:
               | Capital may be liquid, but staff nationalities, values,
               | ideals, and goals...not so much.
               | 
               | This isn't some far-flung conspiracy about dark forces
               | puppeteering seemingly innocent companies. It's just
               | people valuing profit over concern for human rights. It's
               | a surveillance firm, what would you expect? What would be
               | a benevolent use of this technology even be?
        
             | rodgerd wrote:
             | Every Israeli citizen, except religious extremists, serves
             | in the IDF or equivalent; if you look useful to the
             | intelligence apparatus, that's where you'll end up.
             | 
             | You literally cannot find an Israeli company that isn't
             | founded, run, and staffed by people with military or
             | intelligence links, unless you're only dealing with
             | religious extremists.
        
               | montblanc wrote:
               | A bit more nuanced; Israeli Arab Muslims (besides
               | Bedouins) and Arab Christians don't go to the army
               | besides some very small number of volunteers. Bedouins
               | are a special case but I think going to the army isn't as
               | prevalent with them as it used to be. Druze all go to the
               | army but they are not Muslim and don't see themselves as
               | connected to the Palestinians.
        
               | technobabbler wrote:
               | Not sure that makes it any better.
        
       | tzahifadida wrote:
       | If you think that israel is doing anything not sanctioned by the
       | US government you are mistaken. In Israel NSO cant make a move
       | without 7 agencies regulating it. This is considered a weapon
       | sale. The same weapons the US are sponsoring israel and buy them
       | from israeli industry. There is no way NSO will fail from this.
       | So eula or whatever these are matters between states for national
       | security interests.
        
         | shmatt wrote:
         | Yes, the many US government 3 letter agencies would love to
         | have full read access to every single iPhone in the world. It
         | doesn't mean Apple needs to comply, or that doing so without a
         | search warrant is legal in California
        
           | robocat wrote:
           | I think you are confusing the rights under US law of US
           | citizens compared to everybody else in the world.
           | 
           | For example, as a New Zealand citizen, I don't expect to have
           | many constitutional rights, nor do I expect I can easily
           | enforce any residual rights I might have using the US justice
           | system (especially against three letter agencies).
        
           | jjcon wrote:
           | >the many US government 3 letter agencies would love to have
           | full read access to every single iPhone in the world
           | 
           | They 100% already do
        
             | tentacleuno wrote:
             | I would suggest doing some reading on AFU ( _After First
             | Unlock_ ) and BFU ( _Before First Unlock_ ) unlocked
             | states. In short, BFU is when you restart your phone
             | without unlocking it: the decryption keys for the user
             | storage are unknown until your credentials are entered.
             | When your device is locked after a restart, you're in AFU
             | mode where the decryption keys are stored in memory.
             | 
             | Devices such as Cellebrite use exploits to extrapolate the
             | decryption key from memory, then use that key on the user
             | storage. This is fundamentally how those tools work. If the
             | device is in BFU, they can't collect _nearly_ as much data.
             | 
             | TL;DR: if you're under threat of having your device taken
             | from you, restart it!
        
             | VWWHFSfQ wrote:
             | Baseless speculation is not useful here. Especially when
             | it's toned as some kind of truth.
        
               | jjcon wrote:
               | Baseless? Police even have access to tools like
               | grayshift/graykey to unlock all but the newest iphones
               | (which inevitably will be supported in time). That is
               | what is known publicly because it is so ubiquitous,
               | plenty of leaks suggest far more sophisticated tools
               | among the FBI let alone agencies with a national security
               | interest.
        
         | azernik wrote:
         | You are extrapolating very tight Israeli state control of the
         | Israeli arms industry (very true) to very tight _US_ state
         | control of the Israeli arms industry, which is not actually how
         | the relationship works.
         | 
         | The US has influence over Israeli sales of Israeli-made arms,
         | but this is costly to exert and only used sparingly.
         | Historically, it's restricted to preventing Israeli arms sales
         | to direct US rivals like China or Russia. When Israel sells
         | guns to dictatorships in Africa or Southeast Asia that the US
         | doesn't like, the Americans are perfectly willing to agree to
         | disagree.
         | 
         | EULAs and other civilian contractual arrangements are important
         | here because these weapons were used against US civilians and
         | US civilian property. When Soltam howitzers kill villagers in
         | Myanmar, the US executive branch doesn't give a damn; but as
         | soon as a US corporation (Apple) has to pay for warranty
         | returns the courts wake up and pay attention.
        
         | einpoklum wrote:
         | Actually, the US allows Israel quite a bit of leeway in its
         | underhanded weapons and security services trade. There was that
         | time when Israel almost sold AWACS systems to China:
         | 
         | https://nationalinterest.org/blog/buzz/israel-wont-sell-awac...
         | 
         | so, the sale didn't go through due to US pressure, but the
         | point is that Israel not only contemplated it, but was going to
         | carry it through.
        
         | ribosometronome wrote:
         | The US Government is not a single-minded entity. Covert actions
         | sanctioned by a balding old men in a dingy fluorescent lit room
         | can still end up quashed when they come to light and the courts
         | get involved.
        
         | sharklazer wrote:
         | The only thing I can add to what you said is another cynical
         | thought of mine, starting with the question of why would Apple
         | waste the money in this case? And the only answer I can come up
         | with is that they need to re-establish their image of
         | "security". I can't help but feel with various actions taken by
         | them in recent times this being anything more than theatre
         | unfortunately. If they prevail, I wonder if it will simply be a
         | case of Blackwater renaming themselves.
        
           | boomboomsubban wrote:
           | >why would Apple waste the money in this case?
           | 
           | To set a precedent that they can claim damages for violating
           | their terms and conditions.
        
         | thetinguy wrote:
         | Wait until you out about five eyes and the run around the 4th
         | amendment.
        
         | melony wrote:
         | Agreed, there is a channel for private entities to resolve
         | matters of the state and that is via lobbying the executive or
         | the legislative. Going after Israel's outsourced intelligence
         | technology research group via the judiciary branch risks Apple
         | being caught in the political crossfire. Apple at the end of
         | the day is not Blackwater, they do not have any form of
         | influence over force if things really hits the fan. Israel
         | isn't a South American banana republic that can be easily
         | overthrown by private corporations either. To put it in
         | perspective, how would you react if (hypothetically) Lockheed
         | Martin gets sued by Yandex if one of their missiles blew up a
         | self driving car being tested in some far flung Central Asian
         | state? Do you expect Lockheed Martin to be bound by contractual
         | laws in the city of Moscow and for the matter to be settled via
         | civilian lawsuit or arbitration?
        
       | udev wrote:
       | The amount of time that Apple sat on this is telling.
       | 
       | First reports on NSO activity are from 2016, Facebook filed in
       | 2019, Apple iOS 14.8 fix released in Sept 2021.
       | 
       | Only when the constant negative news about NSO started chipping
       | at their reputation, did they decide to make this symbolic (and
       | ultimately ineffective) move.
        
         | reaperducer wrote:
         | Read the New York Times article. It says that Apple was only
         | able to file this suit because of a court ruling in a similar
         | suit by Facebook and because it was given code that showed it
         | how Pegasus works.
         | 
         | There is nothing at all "telling" about Apple's timing.
        
           | udev wrote:
           | I am all for Hanlon's razor.
           | 
           | But it reads to me as: Apple legal team has to act because
           | Facebook suit (and the info made public) makes it impossible
           | to say that "Apple was not aware" of such and such details.
           | 
           | To me it is much easier to believe the above, compared to
           | your "Apple is only now seeing this info, and only now is
           | aware, and only now can act".
        
             | freejazz wrote:
             | Look, if you don't know how legal standing works, that's
             | one thing. But to reject the explanation provided to you
             | and to cite your own ignorance as a legitimate source of
             | disbelief while you poo-poo away a dispositive fact isn't
             | reasoning.
        
               | udev wrote:
               | Apple knows since at least 2016 of NSO activities on
               | their devices and servers, while selling this image of
               | privacy competence.
               | 
               | This long period of inaction, from 2016 to now is
               | unacceptable.
        
               | freejazz wrote:
               | It's as if you don't get the point about legal standing.
               | Apple can only take action now because of a court
               | deciding that Facebook's TOS forum clause is actually
               | binding. If they filed the case prior to such a holding,
               | it'd have been dismissed.
        
               | spiderice wrote:
               | Sounds to me like GP really WANTS this to be "telling",
               | when in reality it obviously isn't.
        
               | salawat wrote:
               | >If they filed the case prior to such a holding, it'd
               | have been dismissed.
               | 
               | ...Or when Facebook eventually followed up, you'd be
               | making the excuse Facebook was justified in waiting for
               | Apple to test the waters? Somebody has to move first.
        
               | udev wrote:
               | What if Facebook never filed? Would Apple never be able
               | to act on this?
               | 
               | If they would have acted, why didn't they do it before
               | Facebook?
        
               | timeon wrote:
               | Yeah what if? What if I have lived in wonderland?
        
               | udev wrote:
               | Indeed, a wonderland where it is OK for a 2 trillion
               | dollar company to take 5 years to fix vulnerabilities
               | that put in danger many of its users worldwide.
        
               | _djo_ wrote:
               | That assumes, wrongly, that Apple only patched the
               | vulnerabilities used by NSO since 2016 in iOS 14.8.
               | 
               | In reality, Apple has been reacting to and fixing new
               | exploits all the time, with NSO Group (and others)
               | successfully finding new ones to replace those that got
               | patched.
               | 
               | For instance, the main class of NSO-related attacks has
               | been via the Messages app and related frameworks, which
               | were relatively poorly designed in terms of their
               | original security architecture. Apple has since 2016
               | substantially hardened those subsystems, including with a
               | new 'BlastDoor' isolation layer specifically for Messages
               | in iOS 14. That closed off entire classes of exploits,
               | but is clearly not perfect.
        
               | freejazz wrote:
               | "What if Facebook never filed? Would Apple never be able
               | to act on this?"
               | 
               | If there wasn't precedent that Apple's TOS venue clause
               | was binding, then the case would have been thrown out as
               | I just previously explained.
               | 
               | "If they would have acted, why didn't they do it before
               | Facebook?"
               | 
               | Because the case would have been dismissed as I just
               | explained.
        
               | udev wrote:
               | Before Facebook filed, was there precedent for their TOS?
        
               | freejazz wrote:
               | No, but Apple probably didn't want to spend 4 years
               | litigating the TOS issue prior to ever reaching the
               | merits. There's also the risk that they lose the TOS
               | issue.
        
               | [deleted]
        
           | cronix wrote:
           | I think it also didn't hurt for the US Dept. of Commerce to
           | add NSO Group to the Entity List for Malicious Cyber
           | Activities just 2 weeks ago. It certainly doesn't hurt your
           | case for the US Gov't to officially list them.
           | 
           | > NSO Group and Candiru (Israel) were added to the Entity
           | List based on evidence that these entities developed and
           | supplied spyware to foreign governments that used these tools
           | to maliciously target government officials, journalists,
           | businesspeople, activists, academics, and embassy workers.
           | These tools have also enabled foreign governments to conduct
           | transnational repression, which is the practice of
           | authoritarian governments targeting dissidents, journalists
           | and activists outside of their sovereign borders to silence
           | dissent. Such practices threaten the rules-based
           | international order.
           | 
           | https://www.commerce.gov/news/press-
           | releases/2021/11/commerc...
        
           | rStar wrote:
           | except thats it's curiously well timed for this news to drop
           | at the beginning of holiday shopping, like an advertisement,
           | or possibly, this is pure marketing. nso and apple are
           | partners. apple leaves holes, nso exploit, said holes.
        
             | tpush wrote:
             | Conspiratorial nonsense.
        
               | rStar wrote:
               | unless you understand how tech, business, governments and
               | security services work, then not so much
        
               | haswell wrote:
               | That's a pretty massive thing to imply without any
               | followup. As someone who understands how tech, business,
               | governments and security services work, care to enlighten
               | the rest of us?
        
       | Ldorigo wrote:
       | If you're interested in Apple & privacy, you should listen to
       | Polymatter's videos on Apple, in particular
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CjLHuhOTnaI - it really helped me
       | understand their whole strategy around privacy and PR "stunts"
       | like this. From that video:
       | 
       | "Google embraces gathering your data, arguing you shouldn't just
       | tolerate them using your data, you should want it - first,
       | because giving your phone more information makes it more useful.
       | And second, because all this data [...] makes this services
       | cheaper and more accessible to, say, people in poverty. [...]
       | Apple, meanwhile, rejects the whole concept. Tim Cook argues
       | that's a fake trade-off designed to justify a business model
       | where you are the product, not the customer. Not only does your
       | iPhone not need your data to be useful, it says, it doesn't even
       | want it. For Apple, storing your information is only a liability.
       | Now, whether you buy that logic or not, you have to stop and
       | admire its genius. Because, if Google says your data is what
       | allows it to sell cheaper products, then Apple can argue it's
       | higher prices are a feature. You should feel good paying more for
       | an iPhone, because it's proof Apple doesn't need to sell you out
       | to advertisers. On the other hand, this argument is also harder
       | to explain. While Tim is busy waxing poetic about privacy, Google
       | just points to the price tag - everyone wants to save money.
       | [...] Whenever there's a big hack, Tim Cook will, predictably, do
       | a few interviews about privacy, trying to convince you that
       | Apple's interests are most aligned with yours. "
        
       | DisjointedHunt wrote:
       | I've been heavily critical of Apple for their on device scanning
       | plans but credit where it's due. This act hopefully exposes the
       | sheer abuse of Public funds to find and exploit vulnerabilities
       | and somehow those same vulns find themselves in the commercial
       | domain, available to the fucking despots in the Middle East and
       | wherever else?
       | 
       | It's about time those that took the oath to protect the nation
       | from harm step up and do so instead of creating a million more
       | problems by shipping these exploits off to a later time while
       | they sit on them.
        
       | suthakamal wrote:
       | I think the most important part of this announcement (I cried
       | genuine tears of joy when I read it) is that Apple is committing
       | to give Citizen Lab whatever they need. That kind of internal
       | access to Apple's people and infrastructure is tremendous.
       | 
       | I've never heard anyone but a despot (or vendor to despots) claim
       | anything untoward about Citizen Lab, it sure seems like they're
       | genuine "good" folks. They do great work, and they'll do better
       | with support and access. The announcement makes it sound like
       | Apple is willing to offer similar support to other good actors. I
       | imagine Apple putting the word out will yield a few more.
       | 
       | It raises - again - the question of what we expect from big
       | companies vs governments, and questions of sovereignty. Where's
       | the line between supporting good work and cyber vigilantes (if
       | it's not a thing today, it will be, and what will society's place
       | be with respect to them)?
        
       | lehi wrote:
       | Only curbing "abuse" implies that "normal use" of state-sponsored
       | spyware remains kosher.
        
         | miohtama wrote:
         | > Apple believes privacy is a fundamental human right, and
         | security is a constant focus for teams across the company.
         | 
         | This in the press release. It is missing the bit "except in
         | China."
        
           | tentacleuno wrote:
           | For the uninitiated: https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2021
           | /06/17/technology/ap...
        
             | tediousdemise wrote:
             | Who's going to pay to read an article that slings dirt on
             | one of the world's largest and most privacy-respecting
             | companies?
             | 
             | > Special offer: Get unlimited access for $1 a week.
             | 
             | No thanks. They truly are the failing New York Times.
        
           | Sporktacular wrote:
           | +1
        
         | rStar wrote:
         | apple builds their own hardware and software. security, or lack
         | thereof, is clearly apples choice. apple blaming nso here is
         | pure public relations and optics, nee propaganda, which many on
         | this board drink like the koolaid it is. it's confirmation
         | bias.
        
           | kevinh wrote:
           | Ah, yes, Apple just neglected to flip the security switch on.
        
             | smoldesu wrote:
             | They certainly haven't flipped the "US-sanctioned spyware"
             | switch off.
        
       | spunkmeyer wrote:
       | Peculiar stance from a company that has repeatedly ignored
       | critical security issues when reported directly to them, on their
       | own preferred channel, sometimes for as long as 10 months.
       | 
       | Only U.S-controlled spyware is to be allowed on iPhones.
        
       | jbverschoor wrote:
       | Thank you, Tim
        
       | cronix wrote:
       | > to hold it accountable for the surveillance and targeting of
       | Apple users.
       | 
       | What exactly does that mean? Fine them? Get them to stop? Have
       | them publicly say, "my bad?" I suspect the larger goal is to find
       | out exactly how NSO is bypassing Apple's very expensive security
       | and plugging it? Is that specific info the type of thing Apple
       | can get their hands on (actual code, etc) for this type of trial?
        
         | gigglesupstairs wrote:
         | Also, not sure but can case be made against Apple that they
         | haven't done any such litigation and shown heavy-handedness
         | against jailbreaking community? At the very basic level, both
         | Jailbreaking communities and NSO are using loopholes in iOS's
         | security to do whatever the hell they want to do with it.
        
           | tpxl wrote:
           | Unlocking _your_ device willingly and unlocking someone
           | else's device against their will are two completely different
           | things.
        
         | tentacleuno wrote:
         | > bypassing Apple's very expensive security and plugging it?
         | 
         | Most likely, they're either finding new exploits continuously,
         | or finding exploits and keeping them for later. The fact that
         | Pegasus is being reserved for people with more importance to
         | NSO (journalists, nation state actors, etc. etc.) may confirm
         | the latter.
        
       | khana wrote:
       | Better yet Apple, write better software.
        
       | sekura wrote:
       | NSO is pretty well covered by Darknet Diaries:
       | 
       | https://darknetdiaries.com/episode/99/
       | https://darknetdiaries.com/episode/100/
       | 
       | I have no sympathy for NSO.
        
       | daneel_w wrote:
       | Great. Also, don't forget to secure your operating systems, which
       | is the root problem.
        
       | napmo wrote:
       | Let's see the big picture: It's not only about a spyware, but
       | it's about a vast range of malicious tools used for targeting
       | human right activists around the world, at first through spywares
       | and other malicious software, but if they needed, physically
       | harming them. It is actually part of the Israeli state-sponsored
       | terrorism around the world. Other dictatorships like Saudi Arabia
       | also use their tools. Brutally killing Jamal Khashoggi was one of
       | the instances.
        
         | montblanc wrote:
         | > It is actually part of the Israeli state-sponsored terrorism
         | around the world
         | 
         | Care to explain what you mean? When the U.S sells arms by the
         | billions to despot regimes is it also a state-sponsored
         | terrorism around the world? Or just when Israel sells a cyber
         | app you call it that?
        
           | newbie789 wrote:
           | > When the U.S sells arms by the billions to despot regimes
           | is it also a state-sponsored terrorism around the world?
           | 
           | Yeah
        
             | montblanc wrote:
             | Just putting it out here ...
             | https://www.statista.com/statistics/267131/market-share-
             | of-t...
        
               | [deleted]
        
       | ksec wrote:
       | I guess I am getting cynical. What is the context in which
       | trigger Apple to sue them _now_ , and not any time before?
       | 
       | And what if NSO Group closed the branch in US? I assume you cant
       | really do anything to an Israeli company.
       | 
       | Because half of it reads a lot like a PR pieces to me. And Apple
       | easily gets the marketing message response they wanted. They are
       | fighting " _State Sponsored_ " spyware. The privacy message they
       | are sending out ( fighting on behalf of their user ), in the mist
       | of a worldwide App Store battle and Anti-Trust.
       | 
       | And I am willing to bet this message will be used in their future
       | PR message when they discuss it in Anti-Trust to gain public
       | support.
        
         | cwkoss wrote:
         | NSO Group and any organization who does business with them
         | should be placed on the OFAC list
        
         | gigglesupstairs wrote:
         | They even went ahead and compared their platform's security
         | with android in the same piece. Like jeez, find a place and
         | time to do that Apple.
        
         | jmull wrote:
         | > What is the context in which trigger Apple to sue them now,
         | and not any time before?
         | 
         | Apparently Facebook has a similar suit against NSO and just had
         | a significant ruling go their way. NSO had claimed they were
         | immune since they were acting as foreign government agent.
         | 
         | I'm guessing Apple was waiting to see how that ruling went
         | before proceeding, since if NSO had won Apple would have to
         | take a completely different approach.
        
       | aborsy wrote:
       | What does state-sponsor mean here exactly? Is NSO supported by
       | Israel intelligence?
       | 
       | And if charges are laid against NSO, will its sponsors be
       | charged/sanctioned too (for sponsoring terrorism)?
       | 
       | If this was a company in another country, the reaction would have
       | been totally different (in some cases calls for bombing would
       | have been made, and continued for decades).
        
         | givemeethekeys wrote:
         | I think it means that they're pissing in the wind and hoping
         | that the direction is away from them.
        
       | amachefe wrote:
       | This is an interesting case.
       | 
       | But in the long term, its also seems Apple can sue anyone who
       | hacks the iOS, eg mods and rooting
        
         | colonwqbang wrote:
         | There is a world of difference between
         | 
         | > Breaking into a device which you yourself own
         | 
         | > Breaking into a device which somebody else owns
        
       | michaelbuckbee wrote:
       | Ellsworth is a personal hero of mine - incredibly smart, wildly
       | talented and has a real vision for this space.
       | 
       | All that being said, it's a nightmare of a space which is why I
       | don't think there's been a big funding event for Tilt5.
       | 
       | "Meta View" was an AR company that raised $75mil, had a star
       | studded list of VR/AR technology folks, only ever shipped a
       | couple thousand units and now is defunct.
       | 
       | Magic Leap raised $3.5 Billion and now has given up on shipping a
       | consumer device (Enterprise only).
       | 
       | Microsoft's Hololens exited consumer applications even earlier,
       | enterprise only.
       | 
       | Oculus Quest is the most successful consumer VR tech (about 5
       | million sold) but it's really unclear if they're anywhere close
       | to turning a profit and they've spent tons to try and jump start
       | game developers in VR.
       | 
       | Tilt5 would require from the ground up games to be made, large
       | volumes of orders/units to be profitable and even if all that
       | came together could still be kneecapped by chip shortages and
       | supply chain issues.
        
         | ksec wrote:
         | Wrong thread?
         | 
         | Edit: I guess it is for Tilt-5 Was Magical [1], I copied your
         | reply over there.
         | 
         | [1] https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=29317390
        
           | michaelbuckbee wrote:
           | Thanks, too many tabs open.
        
       | davidf18 wrote:
       | This is amazing publicity for NSO.
       | 
       | Is NSO is able to crack Apple security you can bet the NSA,
       | Chinese, Russians as well as Israel's Mossad is doing much the
       | same.
       | 
       | With this lawsuit, Apple is basically admitting that they need
       | lawyers and not engineers to combat the hacking.
       | 
       | But suing NSO would not stop the other agents from hacking Apple.
       | 
       | That is why it is best that Apple spend $100 million or more to
       | cybersecurity harden their software.
       | 
       | In addition, Apple should offer $1 million awards for breaking
       | their security.
       | 
       | One should also ask, how many lives were saved from terrorist
       | attacks by NSO. That would be an interesting story.
        
       | xtat wrote:
       | Apple's playing both sides.
        
         | tentacleuno wrote:
         | That seems like quite a baseless assumption, unless you have
         | any evidence ...?
        
       | null_object wrote:
       | Wow you have to be on HN to see Pegasus portrayed by some people
       | as 'the little guy' fighting 'evil' Apple.
        
         | tentacleuno wrote:
         | They're not just fighting Apple. What about the actual victims
         | of the attack: journalists, etc.?
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | zalequin wrote:
       | Good, I hope this is just the start of a crackdown on the whole
       | offensive cybersecurity industry of Israel, which is an extension
       | arm of the intelligence departments of the IDF.
        
       | elzbardico wrote:
       | In a just world, Israel should suffer sanctions for sheltering
       | what is basically a criminal enterprise.
        
         | alphakilo wrote:
         | Sanctioned by who? If it is the USA, then in this "just world",
         | the US should also sanction itself as a criminal enterprise
        
         | shashashasha___ wrote:
         | what is a "just" world?
        
           | tediousdemise wrote:
           | A world where western nations haven't formed an international
           | cabal of gang stalkers which silence oppositional countries
           | that refuse to surrender their natural resources or exploit
           | their populations.
        
         | tentacleuno wrote:
         | Trade sanctions? What are you proposing?
        
           | tediousdemise wrote:
           | Clearly he's an anti-semite. /s
           | 
           | Any country that engages in such heinous practices needs
           | sanctions. We need to stop sheltering the Israeli government
           | and hold them accountable for their international crimes.
        
       | randomdevtester wrote:
       | This is good
        
       | YeBanKo wrote:
       | Hm... > Apple believes privacy is a fundamental human right
       | 
       | Unless you are a user in China or Russia.
        
       | 0xcde4c3db wrote:
       | Anyone have a sense of the odds that the state secrets privilege
       | gets invoked, and if so how damaging it's likely to be to Apple's
       | case? Most examples involve a government entity being a party to
       | the case, but the privilege did shut down a patent infringement
       | suit between private entities not too long ago ( _Crater v.
       | Lucent_ ) [1].
       | 
       | [1] https://www.wired.com/2005/09/secrecy-power-sinks-patent-
       | cas...
        
         | smoldesu wrote:
         | Very unlikely. If anyone is conscious of the United States'
         | push for domestic surveillance, it's Apple. I imagine the
         | reason this case took so long to draft is because it was a
         | lateral effort involving lawyers, intelligence agencies and
         | Apple's own corporate bigwigs. It's reflected in phrasing like
         | "the abuse of state-sponsored spyware" rather than just "state-
         | sponsored spyware" period. The only thing the government wants
         | to do is arbitrate the case, because obviously they have an
         | interest in maintaining their monopoly on surveillance.
        
       | dng88 wrote:
       | It is not that they break Apple, but more important they break it
       | to destroy people fighting for liberty etc. Who can fight Russia,
       | China ... it is very hard by itself. And then this guys with
       | relatives escaped from Nazi now come to help these present day
       | totalitarian regimes.
       | 
       | Hope they go to Hell.
        
       | dinkblam wrote:
       | meanwhile Google happily continues to run ads for malware like
       | the infamous 'MacKeeper'
        
       | qwerty456127 wrote:
       | Nice! I'm not sure if I want them to win though. Perhaps this may
       | create a precedent also applicable to people exploring Apple
       | firmwares for sake of user freedom and privacy rather than spying
       | on people.
        
       | notyourday wrote:
       | Apple simply needs to exercise its right to deplatform everyone
       | who works for NSO. Oh and deplatform all government wonks of
       | government of Israel as it is allowing NSO Group to operate.
       | 
       | Life in 2021 is very difficult without a smartphone. In fact it
       | is so difficult that if working for NSO comes with "no smartphone
       | forever" sticker NSO won't be able to find people to work for it.
        
         | JohnFen wrote:
         | > Life in 2021 is very difficult without a smartphone.
         | 
         | It's actually not, at least in the US. Tons of people do it.
        
           | notyourday wrote:
           | US population for 2020 is 329.5 million. 18 percent of US
           | population fell between 0-14 years old in 2019. US has over
           | 290 million smatphones in 2020.
           | 
           | We can confidently presume anyone who works for a tech
           | company such as NSO does not live like a Luddite.
        
         | montblanc wrote:
         | It would be quite a blow if the 5% of Israeli government who
         | use IPhones (IPhones aren't really popular outside the U.S)
         | suddenly have to switch to Android. As an extreme measure I
         | suggest blocking their itunes accounts. And no more Macbooks!
         | Settle for some cheaper superior hardware elsewhere!
        
           | notyourday wrote:
           | People with money, who tend to be people with power, use
           | Apple devices.
        
             | montblanc wrote:
             | Not really. Its a U.S thing.
        
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