[HN Gopher] Tech investors can't get enough of Europe's fizzing ...
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       Tech investors can't get enough of Europe's fizzing startup scene
        
       Author : simonebrunozzi
       Score  : 92 points
       Date   : 2021-11-23 15:08 UTC (7 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.economist.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.economist.com)
        
       | gardaani wrote:
       | Slush, one of the Europe's largest startup events, is happening
       | next week (1-2 Dec 2021) in Finland. The program contains lots of
       | interesting talks and they will be streamed. Definitely something
       | anyone interested in European startup scene should follow.
       | 
       | https://www.slush.org/events/helsinki/agenda-2021/#/
        
       | secondcoming wrote:
       | An article from earlier today seems to decry Europe's startup
       | scene [0]
       | 
       | [0] https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=29316357
        
         | skohan wrote:
         | I've worked on startups in the US and Europe, and there
         | definitely are differences. Say what you want about the US, but
         | the general risk tolerance and attitude of forgiveness around
         | failure are a good match for startup culture.
        
           | bluefirebrand wrote:
           | > attitude of forgiveness around failure
           | 
           | This has never been my experience anywhere I've worked. I
           | wonder if maybe this only applies to the right kinds of
           | people and isn't really true in a general sense.
        
             | yourapostasy wrote:
             | Depends upon your audience, and how you present your
             | experience.
             | 
             | US division of Japanese-owned industrial concern, you come
             | from a flamed-out fintech, and you present it as five years
             | of your life you'd like back: obviously not very forgiving
             | scenario.
             | 
             | US sales financing department of US division of Japanese-
             | owned industrial concern, you come from a flamed-out
             | fintech, and you excitedly show them how you worked on
             | getting automated factoring decision-making to work: much
             | different result.
             | 
             | Know your audience, know their market, know their needs.
        
           | arthur_sav wrote:
           | Main issue in the EU is still compensation. They are pretty
           | stingy with equity and salary.
           | 
           | And risk wise, yes, US tends to swing for the fences more
           | often which produces unicorns. EU tends to go more
           | traditional and safe routes (aka boring).
        
             | pas wrote:
             | ... nonsense! EU startups are not "talent" but capital
             | limited. Boring or not, EU startups lack money to develop
             | their product to a decent stage, grow to a sort of minimum
             | size to be taken seriously, etc.
             | 
             | It's not magic though. Keeping a company alive takes money.
             | (And if it's the investors' money it's called capital.) US
             | startups pour a really ridiculous money into growth exactly
             | because they want to break out of this stage. And naturally
             | that's risky.
             | 
             | Of course if the access to capital was a lot easier
             | compensation would be higher too.
        
               | varjag wrote:
               | They lack money because European capital is risk averse.
        
               | KingMachiavelli wrote:
               | They could even have a similar risk tolerance but Europe
               | just has more risks. If any one of the big US startups
               | was based in the EU they would have been regulated a long
               | time ago.
        
               | varjag wrote:
               | Some perhaps (Uber? even that is debatable) but _any one_
               | is really a stretch. Most of them would be entirely fine
               | in Europe, just that it 's not happening.
        
             | alecco wrote:
             | What's the point of high compensation when most of it will
             | end up getting taxed away? If you combine employee/employer
             | taxes/contributions it gets to 80%. Add a huge amount of
             | regulations and unions to the mix.
             | 
             | There are some exceptions in places like Bulgaria, Belarus,
             | or Poland. But they have much higher barriers like language
             | and climate.
        
               | oblio wrote:
               | > If you combine employee/employer taxes/contributions it
               | gets to 80%.
               | 
               | Where are you getting that crazy number? US salary
               | overhead is slightly higher than Denmark's (which I think
               | is the highest in OECD), despite the supposedly low rates
               | in the US you hear about.
               | 
               | In most of Europe at very high salaries the overhead is
               | about 50%, maybe a bit more, which is basically what it
               | is in the US in most states.
               | 
               | The main thing is that the US just pays a <<ton>> more.
               | So there's more left at the end :-)
        
               | KptMarchewa wrote:
               | Not sure what is your source, but this seems to disprove
               | that: https://taxfoundation.org/publications/comparison-
               | tax-burden...
        
               | oblio wrote:
               | You're right, I missed this:
               | https://www.oecd.org/tax/tax-policy/taxing-wages-
               | denmark.pdf
               | 
               | But I can't find the other source, the point was the
               | total overhead: income tax + healthcare + social
               | security.
               | 
               | The US is surprisingly high when you add everything up.
        
               | xyzzyz wrote:
               | VAT (sales tax) is much higher in Europe (20%+), though
               | it won't bring the total tax to 80%. On the other hand,
               | taxes in the US are much generally much more progressive
               | than in Europe. In the States, the wealthy pay large
               | majority of the taxes, while in Europe, these are covered
               | mostly by middle class. Therefore, for median wage
               | earners in Europe, effective tax rate is much higher than
               | in US.
        
               | oblio wrote:
               | The initial comment was about top earners, not median
               | earners.
               | 
               | And my guess is that it wasn't about VAT or sales tax,
               | but about income tax + healthcare + social security.
        
               | flavius29663 wrote:
               | I think only top tax states tax you at 50% in the US. The
               | majority of developers don't live there.
        
               | oblio wrote:
               | Yeah, but what are we talking about, then? Most European
               | devs who would move to the US would move to the top
               | states, for the top salaries.
               | 
               | You need to compare like with like.
        
       | arthurcolle wrote:
       | I really like that Rocket Investments group that just copies
       | existing products and launches them in into LATAM/Emerging
       | markets. I think this is a German group - does anyone have any
       | info on them?
        
         | thenthenthen wrote:
         | They are from berlin (rocket internet). Cant find it anywhere
         | but heard a rumor they once sold a german ebay clone to Google
         | for big $$$ by pretending to be a huge company. They hired a
         | aircraft hangar for the occassion
        
         | leobg wrote:
         | Yeah. They started out in the early 2000s by selling overpriced
         | ringtone subscriptions to minors, essentially.
        
           | nicooo wrote:
           | That was already their second gig. They made their first
           | millions by copying eBay for Germany and selling it back to
           | eBay 100 days after incorporation.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | boringg wrote:
       | When I want investment news on the hottest global markets I go to
       | the economist for the cutting edge trends.
        
       | Zealotux wrote:
       | So uh... How do I get in the club? Because I could use a few
       | millions.
        
         | mrweasel wrote:
         | Pretty interesting question. I know at least one company which
         | have burned more than $5mil in VC funding over ten years, and
         | they only have a semi stable prototype built on 15 years old
         | tech (which they claim is an actual product). Clearly there's
         | money to be had, but how to get them is the question.
        
           | xyzzyz wrote:
           | $5M over 10 years? I forgot how to count that low.
        
             | mrweasel wrote:
             | Yeah, I know, not a lot for a Silicon Valley startup. It's
             | still a ton of money else where in the world. In Denmark,
             | $100.000 will buy you a top notch developer for a year.
             | 
             | HN always assume Facebook, Twitter and Uber when talking
             | startups, but the vast majority of startups in Europe are
             | going to be much smaller, and $5M over 10 years is
             | something that would be a godsend to most startups.
        
               | xyzzyz wrote:
               | In SV, $5M funding over 10 years would allow you to,
               | maybe, like, rent some coworking space, rent some
               | computing, and hire 1-2 people.
        
         | johnebgd wrote:
         | Have ability to believe lies.
        
         | toomuchtodo wrote:
         | Sell a dream to those with deep pockets and shallow
         | expectations. The dream and equity sold is the product.
        
           | lumost wrote:
           | Isn't this fundamentally the best strategy when money is
           | free? Scarcity/speculation should dominate returns.
        
       | jbverschoor wrote:
       | So which "startups" are they talking about? If they're talking
       | about scaleups, sure. Less risky.
        
       | zz865 wrote:
       | I thought fizz means eventually to fizzle out and disappear.
        
         | escapecharacter wrote:
         | They have to say fizzing because not all of the startups are in
         | the Champagne region of France.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | rexreed wrote:
         | It's an unfortunate use of term, because while fizzy does mean
         | bubbly and frothy, it can also mean unsustainable because the
         | fizz in drinks never lasts.
         | 
         | Author should have / could have used the title "Tech Investors
         | can't get enough of Europe's growing startup scene". Would have
         | conveyed a much less bubbly / frothy / transient nature.
        
           | echelon wrote:
           | My mind jumped to "fizzling out" before the "fizz" = "frothy"
           | or "fizz is just temporary" associations kicked in. This is
           | definitely a poor choice of adjective.
        
         | jetrink wrote:
         | In this context, it's an allusion to carbonated drinks and is a
         | different way to say 'bubbly.'
        
       | brezelgoring wrote:
       | Here is the archive link:
       | 
       | https://archive.md/SsgdQ
        
       | 1cvmask wrote:
       | https://archive.md/SsgdQ
        
       | SkyMarshal wrote:
       | Headlines like this sound more like they're trying to convince
       | the reader of something that isn't actually happening.
        
       | yoran wrote:
       | It's paradoxical that entrepreneurship is less of a thing in the
       | EU than in the US. After all, Europeans can afford a lot more
       | risk than Americans. There's a strong safety net in the form of
       | social security. Health insurance is not tied to your employer.
       | European university graduates don't start with lives with several
       | $100k in debt, while having gotten an education of similar
       | quality. Maybe the culture is shifting?
        
         | whizzter wrote:
         | Like others mention, while you might not be on the hook for
         | huge hospital bills there are other parts of the safety net
         | that are more or less denied to you.
         | 
         | Myself I ran into "problems" when it came to parental leave,
         | parents in Sweden usually gets a combined 480 days of parental
         | leave, of which about 360 are at 80% of your income levels.
         | 
         | Problem is that if you (like me) plan on bootstrapping
         | something then you're not taking out salary during that period,
         | so even if you paid a lot of money in taxes the year before you
         | still get marked down as a zero-earner if you plan to take time
         | off with your kids.
         | 
         | Luckily the Swedish govt realized that this hurts things in the
         | long term so they actually relaxed the rules in this area so
         | you can retain your previous income levels for 3 years if you
         | want to take advantage of parental leave.
         | 
         | (Not entirely sure if they fixed this if you get sick though,
         | regular employees that get sick can retain most of their income
         | for a while but not entirely sure if these 3 years startup
         | grace period applies when getting sick)
        
         | jacquesm wrote:
         | If you push enough people off a cliff some of them will learn
         | to swim. If you don't push people off a cliff only those that
         | think they'll be able to swim may jump.
        
         | andreyk wrote:
         | I'd guess a lot of it is cultural - I believe much of Europe
         | also has a far less workaholic culture than the US, with more
         | emphasis on living life and whatnot. And I'm sure there are
         | other factors (France's labor laws presumably make things
         | harder, although that's a barely informed guess on my part).
        
         | otikik wrote:
         | My not-very researched take: entrepreneurship is a game played
         | mostly by people from already wealthy families. Since the % of
         | wealthy people in the US is higher, and their rich are richer,
         | you get more "initially rich" entrepreneurs.
        
           | Axsuul wrote:
           | Interesting take but how do you explain almost half of all
           | companies being founded by immigrants or their children?
        
             | otikik wrote:
             | Are those poor immigrants, or rich immigrants?
        
         | TTPrograms wrote:
         | 1) Less upside for entrepreneurs/investors/early employees due
         | to tax policy,
         | 
         | 2) greater hiring/firing friction due to stronger employee
         | protections,
         | 
         | 3) greater fixed operating costs/overhead all around due to
         | increased incorporation costs/bureaucratic requirements.
         | 
         | I don't think these things are necessarily negative, but in a
         | world with competition between markets with high incorporation
         | friction and low incorporation friction you'd expect
         | entrepreneurship to concentrate in lower friction markets.
        
           | jbay808 wrote:
           | I can't speak for Europe, just for Canada, but I assume that
           | a similar dynamic might exist. "Less upside" for successful
           | founders due to taxes is frequently cited but I seriously
           | doubt it. Instead, less risk appetite in the investment
           | community is far more likely. Investors offer less money,
           | with far more strings attached, and so founders move to the
           | US to seek better investment terms. Taxes are a distant
           | afterthought.
        
             | TTPrograms wrote:
             | If taxes affect upside for investors (especially in large
             | gain outcomes) then it would definitely reduce rational
             | risk appetite.
             | 
             | Say it's rational for some untaxed investor to take a
             | chance on 1% on no less than $10M return. If after taxes
             | somewhere that turns into a $5M outcome then you would need
             | a 2% chance for equivalent expected value.
        
         | jorblumesea wrote:
         | Europe has very progressive policies on some level, but also
         | very regressive or unfriendly policies for business owners.
         | Classic example is bankruptcy. In the US, chapter 11 is done as
         | an almost routine "get me out of debt". This was impossible in
         | Europe until very recently (EU Restructuring Directive, July
         | 2021 was the deadline to implement).
         | 
         | Personal bankruptcy is another good example where Europe just
         | has no equivalent.
        
           | flir wrote:
           | In the UK personal bankruptcy costs PS680 and is normally
           | discharged after twelve months. Is the US less onerous than
           | that?
        
         | ArtRichards wrote:
         | In general, as an individual entrepreneur/'business
         | owner'/selbstandiger in germany, and also in the US, its neigh
         | impossible in Germany to perform your own accounting/tax
         | filings; and the idea of an LLC is very difficult to obtain
         | (see how companies like Starbucks structure their limited
         | liability with an 'AG & Co. KG')
         | 
         | Combine this with the lack of 'safety net' for someone who owns
         | the business (you dont qualify the same as if you were a
         | regular non participatory employee) and the lack of angel
         | funding/froth in general... its not as simple as you may
         | imagine, especially for non citizens.
         | 
         | Its possible, but its not as simple :)
         | 
         | Edit typo
        
           | jashmatthews wrote:
           | Paying private health insurance and pension is, inalmost all
           | cases, better for an internationally mobile founder anyway!
        
         | zemvpferreira wrote:
         | There is no paradox, only innocence. Did you know here in
         | Portugal company directors used to be personally liable for
         | social security payments for a business's employees in case of
         | bankruptcy, until the end of their former contract? That meant
         | for every engineer you hire, you might easily be on the hook
         | for 10K with the government in case you go under. Try failing
         | fast with that.
         | 
         | America was built in part by swindlers and robber-barons in a
         | system who let them get away with it by design. In many of
         | Europe's different legislations, failure in the bankruptcy way
         | has/had serious consequences for the business person
         | responsible. Play fast and loose with your responsibilities
         | like you might in the US, confident that the corporate veil
         | will bail you as long as you don't do anything criminal, and
         | you might find yourself staring down the barrel of a loaded
         | fiscal gun.
        
           | TTPrograms wrote:
           | If this perspective of "startup failure is a deep moral sin
           | insufficiently penalized by the government" is common in
           | Europe then the lack of entrepreneurship is not very
           | surprising.
        
             | igorkraw wrote:
             | Startup failure is fine, not being accountable to your
             | employees is what we have a problem with. The concept of
             | the workers council in German law keeps throwing wrenches
             | into the attempts to import the more exploitative business
             | models from the US (N26 and Gorillas are recent cases) and
             | Walmart completely flopped for related reasons. I do admire
             | the business and entrepreneurship culture over the pond,
             | but I think we can import the best bits of that without
             | treating humans like fungible capital and burnout culture.
             | It will just take a lot of time, especially in Germany (my
             | native country), the business culture is still very
             | conservative in the sense of rule based and
             | authority/hierarchy oriented. I think if Germany adopted
             | californias laws on non-competes and employee IP a lot
             | would be gained already.
             | 
             | Notably, Sweden has a very robust social security network
             | and a lot of entrepreneurship as well, the Swedes I talked
             | to explicitly pointed to it as something that eased their
             | way into taking risks.
        
               | TTPrograms wrote:
               | Are you implying that startup success in America requires
               | exploitation of workers? I don't think most people would
               | consider the management of early employees at successful
               | startups to be "exploitative". Most of them are heavily
               | incentivized.
               | 
               | There are specific issues with the worker models of Uber
               | et al, but that's an orthogonal point to the general
               | formation of startups.
        
               | kevinventullo wrote:
               | For ultra successful startups, sure everyone gets rich.
               | 
               | I think the issue is with the 95% of startups that have
               | no or moderate success who convince employees that lotto
               | ticket equity and beanbag chairs are worth more than
               | work-life balance, healthcare, and cold hard cash.
        
             | vletal wrote:
             | Ltds are a common thing all around the world and work as
             | you'd expect. What OP mentions seems to be specific to
             | Portuguese law.
        
               | PostOnce wrote:
               | Running a bankrupt ltd means a lot of serious
               | consequences in a lot of countries... like not being
               | allowed to run another one for a long time.
        
               | zemvpferreira wrote:
               | You'd be surprised. If I'm not mistaken in some central
               | European countries you could be sentenced to jail time
               | after bankruptcy up to the 2000s. My point is precisely
               | that ltds exist but are not the same world-wide. People
               | (like myself) raised on American business folklore can be
               | in for very rude awakenings when things start going
               | badly.
        
             | zemvpferreira wrote:
             | That's the wrong framing. I suspect the reality is that
             | many 20th century European law-books were written to
             | protect workers and state from exploitative/criminal
             | business owners. Rightly so.
             | 
             | It's an accident that the most important bits of corporate
             | and labor law don't distinguish between a 300-person shoe
             | factory and a 20-person series-A startup. They weren't
             | around when these concepts were codified and written in
             | stone. The systemic and personal consequences are
             | unfortunate but impossible to prevent.
        
           | kwere wrote:
           | BANKRUPTCY IN ITALY: Before turning to the text of the
           | Italian Bankruptcy Law, it seems appropriate to reflect
           | briefly on the profound changes that have been progressively
           | introduced by Parliament since 2005. The bankruptcy law's
           | very basis, and its philosophical point of view have been
           | radically transformed in order to adapt to changing economic
           | and historic circumstances. Traditionally, the law was
           | directed at punishing those entering into bankruptcy for
           | their bad faith behavior and breach of market rules; i.e. for
           | failing to honor their obligations. The bankrupt was expelled
           | from society and deprived of his civil capacity - a morte
           | civile or civil disenfranchisement. The law as it
           | historically stood did not envision those situations where
           | the businessman was "honest, but unfortunate" or provide the
           | leeway necessary for the exercise of business judgment in the
           | running of an enterprise. Bankruptcy as a punishment, not as
           | a tool for coping with economic factors often beyond our
           | control, was the product of the unique economic and political
           | circumstances that dominated Italy when the law was enacted
           | on March 16, 1942. Over time the circumstances underlying the
           | law's approach slowly disappeared as society became ever more
           | industrialized. The structural changes in the economy that
           | accompanied it clashed with bankruptcy rules developed and
           | intended for the predominately agricultural economy that
           | existed during the first half of the last century. This
           | scenario, from a subjective point of view, is then inserted
           | in an objective context that has completely changed over the
           | intervening 60 years. Globalization, and ever bigger and
           | unstable markets, steeper competition, products that rapidly
           | become obsolete and a society bombarded by advertisements
           | have necessitated modification in the Italian bankruptcy law.
           | The incompatibility of the law with the facts and developing
           | international practice required a Copernican revolution of
           | the very basis of bankruptcy in the Italian legal system by
           | issuing a series of innovative reforms to overcome - through
           | procedures allowing for agreements between creditors and
           | debtors - obstacles that the lack of liquidity introduces
           | into the relationship between employees, suppliers, creditors
           | and businesses. The work of modernizing the law moved the
           | process' center of gravity from one focused on judicial
           | proceedings and court control to one that involved all
           | interested stakeholders, including the "piano attestato", or
           | in more complicated situations, restructuring plans and the
           | "concordato preventivo". In more recent times (October 2012),
           | the automatic stay was introduced to protect the value of the
           | whole business when timely action is taken to avert the
           | crisis by filing for bankruptcy protection in order to obtain
           | the time necessary to enter into a restricting plan or
           | "concordato preventivo". All these procedures involve the
           | debtor reaching some form of an agreement with creditors.
           | Under the old system, a judge would oversee the proceedings
           | with the assistance of a trustee who operated much as the
           | court's right hand or executor. Following the reform, the
           | proceedings are now entrusted to a team composed of a trustee
           | and a creditors' committee who work in tandem to protect the
           | interests of the creditors and the procedure as a whole. In
           | those cases where the sole goal of the proceedings is to
           | liquidate the bankruptcy estate, the trustee and committee
           | develop a liquidation plan designed to transition the
           | estate's assets back in to the market. The judge still has a
           | role to play in this system, however he or she adopts a less
           | visible role only intervening in those cases where disputes
           | arise or the creditors' committee is not timely formed or
           | some extraordinary activities have to be authorized such as
           | settlements, special agreements etc. Moving from a "judge-
           | centered" to a "stakeholder-centered" model was dictated by
           | another related change: the move of the judicial system as a
           | whole from a formal procedural model to one based on the will
           | of the parties. This change was induced by a desire to remove
           | formal barriers to resolving the economic crisis of the
           | entity entering bankruptcy. The new model took inspiration
           | from other systems and implemented a process that includes
           | that possibility of concluding settlements, debt
           | restructuring agreements and other arrangements with
           | creditors. A single philosophical line of thought runs
           | between all these "therapeutic" mechanisms: they are designed
           | to forward an economic purpose by sanitizing the enterprise
           | in crisis and transition its assets back into the market as
           | quickly as possible. The new law promotes agreement and
           | supports it by employing a flexible and informal system.
           | Accordingly, those actions taken in pursuance of any approved
           | agreement will be protected from third party challenges. In
           | many ways the reforms have brought about a "futuristic"
           | system where the interests of the creditors and the debtors
           | can be merged in a "New Co.", a new company, to which the
           | task of overcoming the crisis is entrusted. This includes the
           | conversion of debt into equity, or the application of "put
           | and call" selling, or protecting a company while it weathers
           | the crisis, or debt restructuring so as to allow more time
           | for payment or alternative methods thereof. The reform was
           | also influenced by other public interest considerations. One
           | such important factor was the cost associated with the
           | judicial management and coordination of bankruptcies.
           | Considerable public resources are required for the court
           | system to oversee and manage multidisciplinary proceedings
           | such as the liquidation of a company or its administration
           | while agreements are made with creditors. Every judge who
           | essentially becomes a company's administrator is another not
           | sitting in other cases where delegated administration is not
           | possible. The requirements for admission to the bankruptcy
           | procedure have also worked to keep in check the number of
           | cases that can be filed before the courts by permitting only
           | those cases that are of sufficient economic weight. The new
           | law looks to defend the economic value and production
           | capabilities by finding an agreement between all the
           | stakeholdersto put the enterprise back in motion, to provide
           | a "fresh start" and allow the entity to overcome the crisis.
           | The philosophy animating the new bankruptcy law no longer
           | revolves around an interest in the punishment of the bankrupt
           | and the liquidation of his assets, but one that seeks to
           | protect the public interest in a functioning economy saving
           | and maximizing the value of the enterprise. Today, bankruptcy
           | finds its greatest value through the system's ability to
           | provide a discharge of debt. A bankrupt who understands early
           | on that he is headed toward insolvency and that collaborates
           | with the system, by placing all the company's future revenues
           | at the disposal of the bankruptcy proceedings, can under the
           | terms thereof liberate himself from unsatisfied creditors at
           | the end of the liquidation proceedings. Discharge, a new
           | fresh start for the debtor, is made possible in light of the
           | authoritative jurisprudence of the Court of Cassation. The
           | actual criteria established by the Supreme Court require a
           | case-by-case evaluation to be made by the court to ensure
           | greater fairness and a more realistic result. Bankruptcy is
           | an unfortunate part of any healthy functioning economy. The
           | role of the law in such circumstances is to provide a
           | mechanism by which the public interest is best served, that
           | is to say, that secures the timely recovery of the economic
           | assets involved so that they may continue to contribute to
           | the general welfare. The Italian Bankruptcy Law as modified
           | in 2012 attempts to strike the right balance between favoring
           | the continuing concern and not sheltering those economic
           | actors who abuse the system to the detriment of society. The
           | historical origins of the law are still apparent in its
           | structure, however, no system will ever be completely
           | divorced from its past. The reforms have attempted to keep
           | the best of what came before while adapting to new
           | challenges. The systematic reforms discussed above are the
           | reason I felt it opportune to offer an English translation of
           | the Nuova legge fallimentare, the new Italian bankruptcy law.
           | The reforms have brought about a modern, efficient and
           | effective system that is attuned to the market and the
           | capable of coping with economic ebbs and flows. While it is
           | not perfect, the new law is a fine tool for providing answers
           | to the questions that any investor or creditor asks during
           | bankruptcy: When and how much of my investment/claim will I
           | recover? and how much will it cost me? The reformed Italian
           | law ensures needed predictability to the response to these
           | questions.
           | 
           | https://www.iiiglobal.org/sites/default/files/the_italian_ba.
           | ..
        
         | duped wrote:
         | Framed another way, perhaps the existence of strong social
         | safety nets is evidence of cultures that discourage behavior
         | and ideologies that encourage entrepreneurship.
         | 
         | Even in the United States the conditions for a startup
         | ecosystem to thrive are localized mostly to California, both
         | financially and culturally. Risk intolerance and shortness of
         | ambition is pervasive in our society too, just that a few
         | historical factors have allowed for a business counterculture
         | to thrive in parts of it.
        
           | csa wrote:
           | > Even in the United States the conditions for a startup
           | ecosystem to thrive are localized mostly to California, both
           | financially and culturally.
           | 
           | I largely agree with this, and I (mostly) love California for
           | many of these traits.
           | 
           | That said, I think startup ecosystem 2.0 will be centered
           | around Austin. It will look very different than the
           | California startup scene, but it will be just as
           | transformative (if not moreso) imho.
        
         | b20000 wrote:
         | in europe, you cannot file for personal bankrupcy. you will be
         | stuck with debt forever.
        
           | Hglgrd wrote:
           | This isn't true. For example, France and Germany both have a
           | complete personal bankruptcy legislation
        
           | kall wrote:
           | I don't think that is the case across the board. I've
           | certainly heard of Privatinsolvenz. But you might not be able
           | to claim this for business related debts (which should be
           | covered by your limited liability cooperation in theory)?
        
           | jacquesm wrote:
           | This is complete nonsense. I don't know where you picked that
           | up but wherever you did it isn't true.
        
           | robin_reala wrote:
           | That's categorically not true. For example, in the UK you can
           | file for bankruptcy[1] and in Sweden you can apply through
           | Kronofogden to have personal debts cancelled after a
           | supervised three year period.
           | 
           | [1] https://www.gov.uk/bankruptcy
        
             | whizzter wrote:
             | Slight correction, In Sweden you can apply for "debt-
             | sanitation" from Kronofogden, it requires you to pay all
             | earned money above an level called "existential minimum"
             | for _5_ years (ie you'll live as a really "poor person").
             | 
             | After that point in time all the old debts are cleared off
             | (although you might still be stuck with bad credit scores).
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | marmaduke wrote:
         | At least for France, there is less to recommend doing a startup
         | than in the US. The social security regime is worse (than for
         | others eg employees, govt workers), the tax schemes are complex
         | and penalizing at the low end, and the amount a company has to
         | pay an employee is near double what the employee sees in the
         | bank, because near half goes to support the social security
         | net. I've been here a decade and wouldn't start one, even after
         | doing autoentrepreneur unless it was the only choice.
        
           | sokoloff wrote:
           | If you're stuck in France, could you not start a company
           | anyway and only hire remote workers from outside of France?
        
           | vkou wrote:
           | > and the amount a company has to pay an employee is near
           | double what the employee sees in the bank, because near half
           | goes to support the social security net
           | 
           | In dollar values, in the US, that same amount will go to pay
           | for health insurance and benefits and social security and
           | medicare taxes. Combined with lower wages, and your overall
           | payroll expenses will still be _much_ lower in France.
           | 
           | There aren't a lot of senior engineers making north of
           | $300,000 USD/year in France. But there are a lot in SV.
        
       | medo-bear wrote:
       | this is paywalled for me
        
         | chillel wrote:
         | http://archive.today/SsgdQ
        
       | trutannus wrote:
       | > Skype, was in 2011 bought for $8.5bn by Microsoft
       | 
       | Figured Estonia would make it into this at some point.
        
         | varjag wrote:
         | Estonia was where its Sweidsh and Danish co-founders outsourced
         | the development.
        
       | 1270018080 wrote:
       | European countries still pay a solid 80% less than in America.
       | How can they ever get talent?
        
         | CraftingLinks wrote:
         | Because we don't want to live in US. Because we dont like US
         | culture. Because there's more to quality if living than just
         | raw dollars.
        
           | oezi wrote:
           | I think many of us Europeans like US culture, but don't want
           | to get shot by a teenager with an assault rifle.
        
             | durnygbur wrote:
             | >40% deductions from the already subpar salaries certainly
             | compensate this /s
        
         | jowdones wrote:
         | Because European talent is largely confined to EU so gotta take
         | what's being offered.
        
       | jp57 wrote:
       | "fizzing" and "fizzling" are too similar.
        
         | asdfman123 wrote:
         | It has to come from the fizzing region of France, otherwise
         | it's just a sparkling startup.
        
         | 0des wrote:
         | I think this is partly the fault of the word "effervescent"
         | being too hard to spell.
        
         | bingohbangoh wrote:
         | they should've said "bubbling tech scene"
        
           | 0des wrote:
           | Then the reader could associate it with a tech-bubble.
        
             | mynegation wrote:
             | r/whoosh
        
             | bingohbangoh wrote:
             | idk if "red hot" would be any better -- bubbling is what
             | first came to mind
        
           | kyleblarson wrote:
           | Came here to say that. I read it as 'fizzling' and
           | immediately thought the title was sarcastic.
        
           | bryanrasmussen wrote:
           | gassy
        
           | dr_dshiv wrote:
           | No really, it's about to pop
        
       | zeristor wrote:
       | Meta, Amazon, Google, Tesla:
       | 
       | MAGGOT
       | 
       | Arse, that 'o' is in the wrong place.
        
       | 1cvmask wrote:
       | Funny they didn't mention UI Path and some others like Darktrace,
       | Deliveroo, Getir, Trendyol etc... :
       | 
       | https://sifted.eu/articles/europe-unicorns-2021/
       | 
       | https://sifted.eu/articles/uipath-seed-investors/
        
         | bschne wrote:
         | > "Now Spotify is the winner in music streaming, Klarna is the
         | winner in buy-now-pay-later and UiPath is the winner in robotic
         | process automation--they're all European," he says.
        
           | nostrebored wrote:
           | > Klarna is the winner in BNPL
           | 
           | lol what a bold and wrong statement
        
             | MikeKusold wrote:
             | Swedish Klarna is privately valued at 45.6B.
             | 
             | US Affirm is publicly valued at 34.55B.
             | 
             | AUS Afterpay is publicly valued at 31.19.
             | 
             | I don't think it is a bold statement. All the major
             | competitors are pretty close.
        
               | nostrebored wrote:
               | That is why it's a bold statement. The landscape is still
               | rich with competitors and seeing new entries. Affirm and
               | Afterpay are public. Klarna is private and the
               | beneficiary of a very frothy VC market. Their rounds are
               | led by Softbank which many investors think is leading a
               | charge in overvaluing unicorns.
               | 
               | We'll see how things shake out. Calling them 'the winner'
               | of the market is just odd.
        
               | onion2k wrote:
               | _Calling them 'the winner' of the market is just odd._
               | 
               | Calling them the winner right now is fine. They _are_
               | winning.
               | 
               | They have not won though. The game is still on.
        
               | nostrebored wrote:
               | Measuring private valuations vs. public valuations is
               | dubious. I don't think it's as clear cut as people are
               | making it.
        
               | jackTheMan wrote:
               | Valuations is dubious regardless private/public. See
               | Tesla or Rivian...
        
               | WJW wrote:
               | I don't really have a horse in this race, but surely the
               | big credit card companies are the big dogs in the "buy
               | now pay later" market? Or is there some highly tech-
               | specific submarket these days?
        
               | nine_zeros wrote:
               | Buy now, pay later platforms allow random e-commerce
               | sites to support installment payments. Thus, mom and pop
               | e-commerce sites don't need to build it out. It's all
               | provided as a SaaS.
        
               | yladiz wrote:
               | It's similar but a little different, as it is usually
               | shorter (you need to pay it in a set number of
               | installments over a fixed schedule, like 4 weeks) and
               | there's no interest if you pay on time, at least with
               | Klarna. I have no idea how they make money (maybe they
               | make some money from the interchange?) but that's the
               | gist of their business model.
        
               | nivenkos wrote:
               | They make money when you don't pay on time.
        
               | hogFeast wrote:
               | They earn a fee from merchants and, despite what they
               | say, I believe most of these companies also have products
               | that aren't zero interest (Affirm also sells some of its
               | loans...I have no idea about this, I have relatively good
               | knowledge of accounting but I am not 100% on the
               | accounting for this so I have no idea whether it actually
               | generates income).
               | 
               | The fee from merchants is interesting because the claim
               | is: the fee from merchants is going to be larger than the
               | losses from making bad loans (and the costs of
               | servicing). I am very sceptical of this. Management
               | describe their underwriting model as largely using stuff
               | like the product bought, the retailer used, the value of
               | the order...it just sounds very suspect. And that is
               | before you consider the valuation, the legislative risks,
               | the interest rate risk (doing 0% loans stops making sense
               | if interest rates rise), etc. I am in the UK and these
               | kind of businesses usually trade at very low multiples
               | because the regulation in the space is so high.
               | 
               | I would regard $10bn market cap as a pretty jazzy
               | valuation for Affirm, the stock is at $35bn.
        
               | mistrial9 wrote:
               | credit has been the ruin of whole societies -- what can
               | go wrong?
        
               | cactus2093 wrote:
               | Credit cards are in a great position to get into this
               | market since they can use your existing line of credit
               | and don't require a new credit check in order to give you
               | a loan. The Apple credit card is a great example, where
               | now you can buy any apple products on a monthly payment
               | plan with no interest and without any extra friction at
               | check-out.
               | 
               | But I don't think most banks issuing credit cards are in
               | this business yet. And of course making normal purchases
               | on credit cards is a terrible way to "buy now pay later"
               | because the interest rates are so ridiculously high.
               | 
               | It will be interesting to see if more banks get into this
               | market seeing how successful Klarna, Affirm, etc. seem to
               | be, because it does eat into their existing high interest
               | rate profits on credit cards.
        
         | stef25 wrote:
         | > Deliveroo
         | 
         | How perceptions of this company has changed. Prices are
         | ridiculous, both from the Deliveroo mark up and what the
         | restaurants charge extra to make up for that markup (4EUR
         | bottled water seriously?)
         | 
         | More than half the riders here in Belgium are illegal
         | immigrants using fake rider accounts that don't speak the local
         | language. There's a squat near my house where they all hang out
         | waiting for a call.
         | 
         | Seriously, look in side the window and you see a bunch of guys
         | sitting around on broken chairs and crates surrounded by their
         | Deliveroo backpacks (which are all filthy and worn out).
         | They're so destitute and sorry looking that when one comes in
         | to a restaurant to pick up a delivery you think omg.
         | 
         | I'm not someone who usually takes the side of "those poor
         | workers" but in this case Deliveroo really runs on paying the
         | poorest, more vulnerable people in society pennies to deliver
         | over priced meals that a restaurant sold them for something
         | like 30% less than they usually would.
         | 
         | Meanwhile the industry's gravitating toward ghost kitchens,
         | putting even more unfair pressure on local restaurants.
         | 
         | Seriously I'd love drag whatever MBA is behind this company and
         | show them what their "high valued startup" looks like here. I
         | don't understand how these people sleep at night.
         | 
         | And then there's Lendable: "Loans at 28.6% Representative APR"
         | and we're supposed to be amazed they turn a profit?!
        
           | jacquesm wrote:
           | All of the food delivery companies are predatory. Haven't
           | seen a single one yet that is doing anything other than to
           | squeeze the restaurants, the customers and the deliverators
           | for every last dime.
        
             | stef25 wrote:
             | takeaway.com employs their riders, I think.
        
         | rexreed wrote:
         | UiPath, while founded in Romania, is officially headquartered
         | in the US (NYC) and is counted in US / NYC funding amounts. 80%
         | of the team is not in Europe either, with the entire management
         | team in the US. So they aren't usually included in any Europe
         | VC roundups, despite the origin of the company.
        
           | oblio wrote:
           | > 80% of the team is not in Europe either, with the entire
           | management team in the US.
           | 
           | Is that really the case? Their main R&D center is in Romania
           | and it's huge.
           | 
           | If anything, it's probably the other way around since
           | management is the top of the pyramid, which kind of by
           | definition, is not a lot of people.
        
             | rexreed wrote:
             | Yes, counting the sales, marketing, solutions development,
             | partner management, education, consulting, and other parts
             | of the company, the vast bulk of the team are not in
             | Romania, even though a large part (but not all) of the R&D
             | team is there.
             | 
             | More details here: https://craft.co/uipath
        
               | oblio wrote:
               | I'm not sure I agree with your original estimate (80%
               | being outside of Romania, let alone 80% in the US).
               | Checking some Romanian articles, they had 800 out of 2800
               | people in Romania in January 2021.
               | 
               | On top of that, they have offices around the world, so
               | it's very unlikely that all the other 2000 are only in
               | the US.
        
               | rexreed wrote:
               | My original comment was "80% of the team is not in Europe
               | either". I didn't say 80% in the US, and I wouldn't make
               | that claim now.
               | 
               | Furthermore, as per above link, Employees (est.) (Jan
               | 2021) 2,863. Romanian employees are not 800 as claimed in
               | that article, and closer to 600. 20% of 2863 is 572.
               | 
               | Even 800 out of 2863 is 28%, and the actual number is
               | less than 800. It seems we are much on the same page.
        
               | oblio wrote:
               | https://www.zf.ro/burse-fonduri-mutuale/cati-angajati-
               | are-ui...
               | 
               | Which takes me to:
               | 
               | https://sec.report/Document/0001193125-21-094920/#rom9855
               | 6_2
               | 
               | > As of January 31, 2021, we had a total of 2,863 full-
               | time employees. Of our employees, 714 were engaged in
               | research and development. 122 full-time employees were
               | based at our headquarters in New York, New York, and 727
               | full-time employees were based in Bucharest, Romania
               | 
               | And that's from January. What are your sources? You're
               | very confident for someone contradicting their IPO
               | documents ;-)
               | 
               | Plus you're moving the goalposts. I proved that more than
               | 20% are in Romania alone (your own math says 28%), UIPath
               | has other European offices. So it's entirely possible
               | that around 50% of UIPath employees are in Europe. I'm
               | too lazy to check.
               | 
               | My point is that UIPath was started in Europe and has a
               | strong presence in Europe. The main development center is
               | in Europe. The top management is European. It can't be
               | considered a purely American startup.
        
           | sebow wrote:
           | Should not be double-counted in regarding the funding,
           | indeed, but it still is a 'romanian company', and it's not
           | really in the "startup phase" anymore, it actually has some
           | long history but only post-covid became very successful.
           | 
           | European startups that are remotely successful literally have
           | to move to NYC(or any other US city i guess, but NYC is the
           | preferred choice, though it may be expensive) to not die
           | off.It's not even a joke, and it's the sad reality of living
           | in the grandious European Union that suffocates you with
           | bureaucracy.There have been places that became lax towards
           | tech startups (see cz for example), but even with laws being
           | slowly changed/ignored, the money either isn't there compared
           | to US, and even if there is (see france, uk especially post
           | brexit), the investing entities lean on the fact that there's
           | more talent/square meter, so they're not really that quick to
           | pull the trigger if they can save on some bucks.
        
       | outside1234 wrote:
       | Wow, so content free. What companies are representative of this
       | new scene?
       | 
       | Don't get me wrong - I'd love this trend - but I just don't see
       | it yet.
        
         | NicoJuicy wrote:
         | Eg. Someone i met through a friend: OTA Insight.
         | 
         | ( I'm not related to the scene)
        
         | endymi0n wrote:
         | TL;DR: They aren't as visible on average because there's not
         | such a big prevalence of outliers (even if we do have some,
         | such as Spotify).
         | 
         | EU creates 39% of global startups, but only 14% of unicorns.
         | Success rate
         | 
         | It's historically much more revenue than growth focused, but
         | there's quite a lot of successful startups over here as well.
         | It ties in closely with the local culture of "Mittelstand" and
         | a far larger share of SMB's/family businesses than bigcorps in
         | the US.
         | 
         | https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/technology-media-and-tel...
        
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