[HN Gopher] People mistake the internet's knowledge for their own
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       People mistake the internet's knowledge for their own
        
       Author : nabla9
       Score  : 195 points
       Date   : 2021-11-22 14:42 UTC (8 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.pnas.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.pnas.org)
        
       | bitwize wrote:
       | "Oh, and check it out: I'm a bloody genius now! _Estas usando
       | este software de traduccion in forma incorrecta. Por favor,
       | consultar el manual._ I... don 't even know what I just said, but
       | I can find out!" --Wheatley, _Portal 2_
        
       | lordnacho wrote:
       | As a coder I don't think I can do anything without the internet.
       | Even if one specific site (maybe there are two actually, SO and
       | GH) were down, it would wreck my day and many of yours.
       | 
       | My style of coding is very intimately connected to having access
       | to online resources. I regularly search for things like how to
       | concatenate strings or the syntax of a for loop in some language.
       | I also use the internet for higher level things like how memory
       | management works on some system, or how something like an ECS
       | architecture works. I also spend a lot of time looking for the
       | right components to put into my own systems, so if GitHub were
       | down it would bother me.
       | 
       | Basically I'd be useless without the internet. The coding tools
       | themselves, all the examples of how to use them, and all the
       | actual knowledge about how everything works is on there.
       | 
       | Perhaps the only thing that's actually my own input is the
       | judgement about what things are important, which sources are
       | reliable, and which people are authorities.
        
         | TigeriusKirk wrote:
         | The best thing about the world now is that I can develop
         | software for purposes I know nothing about using tools I know
         | nothing about.
        
         | tpoacher wrote:
         | This is partly not your fault, however; the manner in which
         | documentation is provided (or not provided, to be exact) is
         | also complicit.
         | 
         | E.g., there are languages where the offline manual covers 99%
         | of all your needs. I include bash and c, octave, matlab in this
         | category.
         | 
         | Then there's languages that feel the offline docs are best left
         | ad an afterthought, and focus most of their effort either
         | towards funky online documentation websites, or effectively
         | relegate it all to stackoverflow.
        
         | jolmg wrote:
         | > Basically I'd be useless without the internet. The coding
         | tools themselves, all the examples of how to use them, and all
         | the actual knowledge about how everything works is on there.
         | 
         | I know it's sometimes easier to google particular questions and
         | that some projects lack documentation, but many if not most
         | programming tools include very good documentation in the same
         | package. And many include their source too.
         | 
         | I think saying you'd be useless for lacking online access to
         | that knowledge is an exaggeration.
         | 
         | Not being able to pull new dependencies is more problematic, in
         | my opinion.
        
         | air7 wrote:
         | Mandatory XKCD: https://xkcd.com/1168/
        
         | planck01 wrote:
         | That also holds for me, which I suppose makes me a slow coder.
         | I imagine that coders like Thorvalds or Carmack don't have
         | these issues and that's why they are fast. In my head its like
         | typing. I 'type' with 2 fingers and always looking. They 'type'
         | with 10 fingers and blind.
        
         | tomrod wrote:
         | I think most of us operate these days like this. This allows
         | for consistent breadth. While you may have deep expertise in a
         | specific language, coding paradigm, or other technical area,
         | the shared resources of the Internet allow you to operate more
         | efficiently and broadly. Your "depth" in this breadth space is
         | by having an efficient operating model that weeds out spam, bad
         | input, and similar gaps when the "broad" knowledge base is
         | incorrect.
         | 
         | I believe this is the real reason spam-answer/grifting sites
         | are so bad. They pollute this shared commons of freely
         | available information. From a policy recommendation I certainly
         | hope these free resources are kept in place, timely, and free
         | from spam/SEO farming.
        
         | ghaff wrote:
         | Pre-web, you basically had a lot of reference books, used
         | external libraries very judiciously (and there were relatively
         | few of them anyway), and generally kept software stacks pretty
         | simple. And, yes, probably took a lot more time.
         | 
         | More generally speaking, most people today would be incredibly
         | frustrated getting information about anything generally if they
         | were plopped down 30 years ago. When I was a product manager
         | back then, we paid consulting companies large sums of money to
         | get the most basic competitive information faxed to us because
         | you couldn't just look it up.
        
           | TigeriusKirk wrote:
           | There was also the glory of the MSDN library cds. Those were
           | a marvelous invention.
        
             | kaetemi wrote:
             | I learned C# 2.0, when the offline MSDN was still a thing.
             | That language environment I can still work in with ease,
             | from memory, without consulting online resources. Good
             | offline documentation (and good library design) works
             | wonders.
        
             | ghaff wrote:
             | A lot of the programming I did was pre-Windows. But, yes,
             | MSDN was a pretty remarkable developer resource at a time
             | when developer resources were pretty fragmented/hit and
             | miss.
        
             | rfrey wrote:
             | Oh, man. The feeling of those 6 binders arriving at the
             | office with this year's edition.
        
           | Viliam1234 wrote:
           | > And, yes, probably took a lot more time.
           | 
           | But it was less stressful, because you didn't have daily
           | standups and biweekly sprints.
        
           | MonaroVXR wrote:
           | >Pre-web, you basically had a lot of reference books, used
           | external libraries very judiciously (and there were
           | relatively few of them anyway), and generally kept software
           | stacks pretty simple. And, yes, probably took a lot more
           | time.
           | 
           | As a new developer, this is what I am doing and focusing at.
           | Not be reliant on the internet and it works. Because I have
           | several books and for example I can read Mozilla MDN offline.
        
             | noizejoy wrote:
             | > ... and for example I can read Mozilla MDN offline.
             | 
             | Mozilla MDN is pretty much the last thing I'd prioritize
             | for offline reading, since it's relevance is tightly
             | coupled to the availability of the network.
             | 
             | I might prioritize offline resources for Raspberry Pi and
             | other computing platforms, that make more sense without the
             | Internet.
             | 
             | But above that, maybe a few books about growing food in
             | one's own garden. :-)
        
             | Graffur wrote:
             | So what's the difference between looking it up in place A
             | (books, offline MDN) or place b (stackoverflow, blogs,
             | online MDN)?
        
               | exdsq wrote:
               | I think it'll build better debugging skills by the time
               | you're more senior and/or working on more novel problems
               | that might not be on SO yet.
        
           | lordnacho wrote:
           | What did you when you got stuck on some small thing that
           | wasn't obvious from the docs? Say some interaction between
           | two concepts?
           | 
           | Nowadays I've always discovered that I'm not the first person
           | to ask.
        
             | IncRnd wrote:
             | You thought it through, investigated the issue, came to a
             | conclusion, created a hypothesis, and tested a solution.
             | Now, the cycle seems to be read a problem ticket, see what
             | other people have done, copy code, close ticket.
        
               | vizzier wrote:
               | I can't help but feel that this type of workflow just
               | took a huge step forward in https://copilot.github.com/
               | too. A solid recognition that thats how most people code
               | distilled into a product that automates that lookup by
               | cross referencing information on the worlds largest code
               | platform.
        
               | cj wrote:
               | A step forward, but also potentially a step backwards
               | compared to the "harder" workflow (the one without all
               | answers on stack overflow).
               | 
               | Just a small example, I imagine there are a lot of JS
               | developers who know that they need to create a new
               | function using "=>" or ".bind(this)" if they need access
               | to "this" within the function... and if they don't,
               | things break, without really knowing why (even though
               | they know the solution).
               | 
               | TLDR: the best developers I've worked with go beyond
               | "knowing the solution" to "knowing why the solution is
               | the solution". Understanding "why" something is the way
               | it is becomes difficult when something like Copilot
               | autocompletes the correct answer.
        
               | rkhassen9 wrote:
               | And tbh, you beat your head against the wall until you
               | managed to find the solution...somehow.
        
               | ghaff wrote:
               | And sometimes just find some other way to accomplish what
               | you needed done.
        
             | makeitdouble wrote:
             | When phones still had IR blasters, I got stuck for 3 weeks
             | straight on a IR library that needed to imitate the
             | sequences coming from a TV remote. Code was "done" in 2
             | days, the rest was spent in front of a TV to have my
             | sequences get recognized.
             | 
             | Literally went to the library to read books on IR and make
             | sure I understood what the doc was saying. Asked around to
             | find people who worked on these kind of sequencing. Went to
             | a small repair shop and bribed the tech to give me hints on
             | how remotes work.
             | 
             | It was fun in retrospect, maddening and incredibly taxing
             | at the time.
        
           | satellite2 wrote:
           | Now you import isEven(), burnout because of all those crappy
           | third parties and look for a job in go. And in 10 years when
           | it will have overinflated like java and become a piece of
           | garbage you'll rinse and repeat.
        
         | benlivengood wrote:
         | In the 'old days' there would be a shelf of programming books
         | nearby and man pages on useful operating systems. It was
         | slower, but fairly similar in principle.
        
         | jiveturkey wrote:
         | i wish there were a good way to interview candidates that
         | reflects this as being the way to being a high performer
        
         | nneonneo wrote:
         | Hah, I've answered enough questions on SO that every once in a
         | while I end up having to consult SO just to copy some code _I
         | wrote myself an answer_. I guess in these cases I directly
         | offloaded my own knowledge onto the Internet :)
         | 
         | The "own" snippet that comes up the most often for me is a
         | binary-search implementation of integer cube root in Python - I
         | know how to do it but the edge cases trip me up enough times
         | that my pre-written answer is faster than trying to write it
         | from scratch.
        
           | firecall wrote:
           | That happened to me recently!
           | 
           | I Googled a problem and then found my own answer from years
           | ago!
           | 
           | Old me was much smarter apparently! :-D
        
         | mmcdermott wrote:
         | I've fought with this on and off. It is true that my work tends
         | to be as internet dependent as anyone's, but I've experimented
         | with an offline-first type of workflow.
         | 
         | I think it's entirely possible to work offline first and
         | foremost. You'd need the documentation for everything local.
         | Operating system, programming language, libraries, frameworks,
         | etc. Mass storage makes this more practical now than ever.
         | 
         | A lot of projects don't provide very downloadable documentation
         | which would make it harder and, of course, you'd miss out on
         | knowing when the documentation is lying.
         | 
         | The biggest problem with it is probably nothing intrinsic, but
         | the fact that you'd be swimming upstream doing it.
        
         | mostertoaster wrote:
         | And sometimes it is knowing what you don't know that makes one
         | a good developer.
         | 
         | Leet code interview question where I could just find the answer
         | in 5 seconds with a google search, might actually be good
         | interview questions if they just let me use a google search.
         | 
         | You still have to know what to look for.
         | 
         | Being good at word problems in math I think are the only place
         | where "being a math whiz" is what it takes to be "able to
         | code". How you setup your equations to solve a simple algebraic
         | word problem, can make solving the word problem super simple,
         | or more complex.
         | 
         | My kids do Singapore math, and holy crap does it force you to
         | think about other ways to approach solving problems, a valuable
         | skill.
        
           | MonaroVXR wrote:
           | > My kids do Singapore math, and holy crap does it force you
           | to think about other ways to approach solving problems, a
           | valuable skill.
           | 
           | Do you have any resources yo share? about Singapore math in
           | English?
        
             | PebblesRox wrote:
             | The name is misleading - Singapore Math is an English-
             | language-based math curriculum popular among homeschoolers:
             | 
             | https://www.singaporemath.com/faqs/
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | asdff wrote:
         | I usually turn to SO in hopes of a quick and easy answer, but a
         | lot of the time your specific use case isn't going to be well
         | covered as the stackoverflow threads sometimes have some
         | bespoke requirements from the asker.
         | 
         | What I find is that it can be faster to just look at the
         | documentation that comes with the tooling. Usually a good stack
         | overflow answer is just regurgitation of something that's
         | already covered in the documentation that the asker clearly
         | didn't read a lick of. When you start using a new tool, just
         | skimming the documentation end to end can but you at such an
         | advantage and set you up to get working with the tool in the
         | correct way with a decent understanding of some of the caveats
         | that might be at play with your particular use case (which is
         | rarely something that can be gleamed from a terse stack
         | overflow answer). Even just a pdf covering a language can be
         | handy to thumb through the chapters and revisit common patterns
         | like for loops that can vary in different languages, once again
         | its easier to trod down a familiar pdf textbook than it is to
         | try and trench up something relevant from google search these
         | days.
        
           | jmchuster wrote:
           | It's coming at the problem from different directions. The
           | documentation gives you the general bottom up approach, but
           | lacks details and examples. SO shows what it should look like
           | at the end, and adds details on edge cases that the
           | documentation just glosses over. But you can never find
           | exactly what you want, so you combine those two, a working
           | end result, then modified using the documentation, to get
           | what you want in the end.
           | 
           | If you already have a working pattern that you're just
           | modifying, you might get away with just looking up
           | documentation. If you already have a strong foundation and
           | know exactly what you want to do, then you're just looking up
           | the syntax.
           | 
           | Maybe another analogy might be, learning vocab to better
           | express your thoughts, vs looking up the exact spelling of a
           | word you already know.
        
             | asdff wrote:
             | Personally I've replaced a lot of my stack overflow usage
             | with hacking along with test cases and using the
             | documentation to help develop those tests. Imo, its a lot
             | easier to figure out how something works by figuring it out
             | with your two hands fiddling around vs hoping you find
             | someone who writes well and understandably about this
             | specific niche thing on stack overflow. Sometimes on stack
             | overflow the answer is a very lazy "just install another
             | package" vs developing a solution with the base tooling
             | that's probably more performant anyhow, if a little bit
             | more verbose.
        
         | forinti wrote:
         | It's inevitable, really. Things have became so complex and
         | dynamic that you can't hope to have all the reference material
         | you need at home.
         | 
         | We used to have these little folded cards with the complete
         | syntax of Pascal or C and that would be enough. Nowadays, you
         | don't even know all the languages and libs that are in a given
         | stack.
        
         | joe_the_user wrote:
         | The thing about the situation is you have a wide variety of
         | knowledge types. Notably some knowledge can be verified pretty
         | easily and some knowledge (or claims) is quite hard to verify,
         | it rests on experiments, hard gain expert knowledge or the
         | testimony of single individual.
         | 
         | Programming information tends to be easily verified so
         | organizing it's skill around filtering google, stackoverflow
         | and so-forth is fine. The resulting program can be tested
         | fairly easily.
         | 
         | Uncritically taking in other sorts of claims can be very
         | problematic.
        
         | mandevil wrote:
         | As someone who started working for pay before SO and GH (damnit
         | I'm old) what I remember is that syntax errors took longer to
         | figure out (and more trial and error), but the biggest
         | difference to me is honestly that it is so much easier to find
         | the right library. Back in 2005 I was coding up pretty much
         | everything from scratch myself every time (I even remember a
         | heroic attempt at an XML parser in C++! Backwards linking and
         | processing directives and everything) because finding the right
         | library to use was such a pain in the neck. If it wasn't in STL
         | or Boost, it was like it didn't exist. Maybe it's that I'm
         | older and more experienced (and know not to try and write your
         | own XML parser because of all the complexity inherent in that),
         | or maybe it's that SO and GH facilitate library discovery (with
         | SO providing the pointers and GH providing the actual code) so
         | much better than what came before (SourceForge etc.).
         | 
         | I'm not sure, but I suspect it's that it was the technology
         | improvement more than it was my improvement.
        
         | carlmcqueen wrote:
         | When I worked for a major financial institution in a data
         | science / analytic group there were a lot of very, very smart
         | math types who couldn't code. They'd ask how I'd gotten my code
         | working and I'd never lie, that many parts of it I'd fixed
         | using SO. This was 2012-2015 when a lot of the machine learning
         | wasn't in helpful R packages or python libraries pre-written.
         | 
         | Many would ask to see the page I'd read and I'd show them and
         | they would ask how I got my code working from an example that
         | had nothing to do with what our task was.
         | 
         | I think there is a lot of value to looking at a SO answer,
         | generalizing it and making it work in your code and doing it
         | quickly. Knowing which SO articles are junk and which ones are
         | gems is something many take for granted but is actually
         | something close to having the right 'gut' feeling.
        
           | musingsole wrote:
           | This is very similar to academics and published papers. Most
           | other labs aren't really working on things that similar to
           | another lab, and so techniques have to be modified and not
           | just directly lifted.
           | 
           | Some point to that as an aspect of the replication crisis,
           | but it's really just the nature of identifying and
           | abstracting common elements out of specific goals.
        
           | lordnacho wrote:
           | Absolutely true. A lot of people think "cut-n-paste" is how
           | people get code written, but the truth is you almost never
           | find a snippet that is exactly what you want. It might be
           | trivial like changing the name of the variable, or it might
           | be some very small piece of a snippet you need, but the
           | superpower isn't being to search for things, it's making
           | sense of them and being able to reason about how to adapt it
           | for your own case.
        
           | albrewer wrote:
           | SO is a great place for finding that one little code snippet
           | that plugs a hole in your understanding of a problem. Many
           | times you're 3 layers deep in a dependency chain of problems
           | solved, and the question addresses some totally unrelated
           | problem, but the question's answer uses that special argument
           | to the framework's / language's library function in just the
           | right way where it unlocks your understanding and lets you
           | continue on your merry way.
        
             | Normal_gaussian wrote:
             | This is particularly true when you're thinking "is this use
             | of X a horrible hack or a performant best practice?".
             | Someone laying out and linking to the guarantees on offer
             | by X in a completely unrelated use case will clarify
             | everything.
        
             | xmprt wrote:
             | Not only do you need to find the snippet which is hard
             | enough as it is, but you also need to understand the
             | snippet and often take out a line or two from a 20 line
             | snippet which do what you need.
        
           | hyperpallium2 wrote:
           | The internet is a reference (at best).
           | 
           | Legal textbooks are the best example of a reference I've
           | seen: the index is grouped by legal concepts and terminology,
           | and is impenetrable to non-lawyers.
           | 
           | Like jargon, it gatekeeps; but that's not its only purpose.
        
           | squeaky-clean wrote:
           | If I ever have to solve something especially weird and use a
           | stackoverflow result, I leave a comment above the weird code
           | linking directly to the stackoverflow answer. And usually
           | some extra context if the stackoverflow question isn't a
           | perfect replica of our situation.
        
             | soperj wrote:
             | I do this too, just so I can refer back to it when I
             | inevitably forget what exactly I did.
        
               | marvin wrote:
               | A highlight of my development career thus far is when I
               | was able to fix a build that happened to be broken on a
               | colleague's machine, which had stumped three other
               | developers for multiple hours spread across a week.
               | 
               | I don't remember the line of reasoning or detailed
               | investigation that led to the solution, but I found
               | something in a build configuration file that looked
               | suspicious enough to warrant a search for an exact phrase
               | in the code. It turned up a StackOverflow answer, where
               | three lines had been cut and pasted into the build file.
               | 
               | There was some specific change in a library or binary
               | upgrade that had broken the thing that this particular
               | change was meant to fix, and the problem was solved by
               | removing the lines in question.
               | 
               | The commit comment for these three lines was "merge
               | hmmmm", which was also the only local documentation I
               | found that I could have used to cross-reference with
               | anything else.
        
         | Barrin92 wrote:
         | I used to write code like this for a long time but I honestly
         | felt like I was never actually internalizing anything. So at
         | one point I just turned autocomplete off, stopped searching
         | immediately and _forced_ myself to remember and I think it 's
         | had a hugely positive impact.
         | 
         | When I had to actively memorize I paid way more attention to
         | what I was doing. I think the online search multitasking is
         | honestly very bad for sustained attention and very passive. As
         | an alternative I started to look up library code directly and
         | just read and I feel like I learned more about how python
         | worked in a few weeks than I did in months or so of just typing
         | things into google.
        
           | Hextinium wrote:
           | I feel like there is a inflection point of having the time to
           | be able to study a new language vs just brute forcing your
           | way through with SO. If you know you will be using python for
           | long enough then it would be worth reading the docs, else
           | just SO all the way.
        
           | bitwize wrote:
           | > So at one point I just turned autocomplete off, stopped
           | searching immediately and forced myself to remember and I
           | think it's had a hugely positive impact.
           | 
           | https://youtu.be/h1t14GnnQhc?t=20m15s
           | 
           | INAZUMA KICK!!!
           | 
           | n.b. I program like this too, just plain Emacs and I try to
           | remember API and package names before consulting Dr. Google.
           | The IDE trying too hard to help me is hugely distracting.
        
           | marginalia_nu wrote:
           | I think how you learned to code does sort of shape your
           | coding.
           | 
           | I'm very much from the opposite camp. I learned to code in C
           | in vi and didn't really have anyone to ask other than the
           | manpages and the K&R book, I'm pretty sure I didn't even use
           | syntax highlighting.
           | 
           | I do think this has shaped my programming even later to where
           | I stubbornly stick to boring but stable programming languages
           | like C, C++ and Java, and these languages I've used for in
           | some cases almost 25 years and where I virtually never have
           | to look anything up. It's not like I haven't dabbled in other
           | languages and paradigms, like python and haskell and
           | whatever; but it's not those languages I use when I need to
           | build something. I just don't see the value in constantly
           | learning all this flavor-of-the-month stuff. When the dust
           | settles, most hyped upcoming programming languages become
           | footnotes when the history of programming is written.
        
         | bruce343434 wrote:
         | >and many of yours.
         | 
         | I'm fine with the built in `man` command, and of course offline
         | documentation for almost everything. It's actually kind of
         | weird that our first instinct is to waste internet bandwidth
         | while we probably have a copy right with us.
        
           | MonaroVXR wrote:
           | > I'm fine with the built in `man` command, and of course
           | offline documentation for almost everything. It's actually
           | kind of weird that our first instinct is to waste internet
           | bandwidth while we probably have a copy right with us.
           | 
           | Exactly, yesterday I wanted to to have DNS over HTTPS and if
           | you're going to search for it, you have to do a lot stuff.
           | When there's the manual and literally and says that you need
           | to add two lines and uncomment the specified comment.
           | 
           | I'm happy with man.
        
         | ratww wrote:
         | Sometimes I code without the internet (on vacation, on trains
         | and planes, etc) and it's not too hard.
         | 
         | The major difficulties are indeed around the things you
         | mention, but one solution for that is having a few large
         | projects open in another IDE window so you can search for
         | functions, idioms, algorithms, patterns.
         | 
         | I guess I got used to it because I started coding
         | professionally before Stack Overflow. There was Expert Sex
         | Change, but it sucked, so I avoided it like the plague. It was
         | mostly C#, so the combination of Static Typing + Intelisense
         | also helped me not needing internet. Before C# I coded in Perl,
         | so seeing other people's code wouldn't help anyway ;)
        
         | dfxm12 wrote:
         | _Perhaps the only thing that 's actually my own input is the
         | judgement about what things are important, which sources are
         | reliable, and which people are authorities._
         | 
         | This is more or less what I got out of the 2nd half of my
         | higher education. Plus I got a ton of reps in, so to speak, to
         | really refine my judgement and ability to research. It's the
         | old adage about learning how to learn, teaching one to fish,
         | etc. I'm sure this all applies to many fields, but especially
         | one like ours that changes rapidly. Thanks to this education, I
         | feel like I can switch careers pretty easily.
         | 
         | I make no mistake about it. I don't feel like I know what I
         | know without the help of the Internet; I feel like I'm just
         | some bloke who is good at sussing out what's important and how
         | to apply it to my job. I think this is a skill that is missing
         | from a number of my colleagues though.
        
         | IncRnd wrote:
         | It used to be that senior or staff level coders would
         | intimately know the platforms, languages, and algorithms they
         | used.
        
       | omarhaneef wrote:
       | I believe this predates the internet.
       | 
       | I can't remember the study now -- perhaps fellow HNers can -- but
       | there is a study where they asked a group of people to take a
       | side in a debate. The debate was structured so that it sounded
       | like A was the intuitively better choice, and when polled almost
       | everyone agreed the group would support A. One plant was armed
       | with excellent arguments for B, and when presented with these
       | arguments, the group switched to supporting B. When asked later,
       | they thought they had supported B the whole time.
        
       | wirthjason wrote:
       | The easy access of facts on line is a good thing. This kind of
       | "knowledge" is shallow, assembling the parts together to
       | synthesize new knowledge is the important step. That part isn't
       | easily found online.
       | 
       | This reminds me of leaning math. At one point "doing math" meant
       | calculating numbers, like memorizing multiplication tables or
       | performing long division. I was always relieved when the teacher
       | said we could use a calculator on a test. But at some point I
       | came to realize that math is not calculating. Math is about
       | relationships between numbers and their general properties.
       | 
       | Googling facts is akin to using a calculator. Extracting meaning
       | from that jumbled pile of facts is knowledge.
        
         | nice_byte wrote:
         | To offer a counterpoint, doing a basic calculation in your head
         | is faster than reaching for a calculator - remembering 7*3=21
         | is faster than punching it in on a keypad. It's the same with
         | facts -- having some fact committed to your own local memory is
         | much faster than searching a global computer network for it
         | every time.
         | 
         | For somputer systems, the speed at which data can be accessed
         | has a transformative effect on the algorithms that deal with
         | it. I think this is the case for humans as well.
        
           | ducharmdev wrote:
           | The caveat here, of course, being that memory limitations
           | require us to prioritize what information should be kept in
           | memory vs in storage.
           | 
           | Take LRU caches for example: it doesn't do us much good to
           | devote that valuable memory space to information that isn't
           | being recalled very often.
        
         | mistermann wrote:
         | > Googling facts is akin to using a calculator.
         | 
         | An important distinction is that calculators tend not to lie or
         | make honest mistakes when producing facts.
        
         | marginalia_nu wrote:
         | Yeah. There are serious epistemological problems to go with
         | externalized knowledge.
         | 
         | Knowledge isn't just the ability to produce true statements, it
         | isn't knowing what things are or what things will be, it's
         | knowing why things are and why things will be.
         | 
         | If I keep guessing coinflips, I don't have knowledge of the
         | answer 50% of the time even though I can predict them that
         | often.
         | 
         | Knowledge has an aspect of understanding why things are, not
         | just that they are, and that aspect becomes incredibly weak
         | with the "look up facts on wikipedia"-model of external
         | knowledge.
         | 
         | The JTB-model of knowledge is probably incomplete, but it's
         | arguably less wrong than a model that doesn't contain
         | justification.
        
           | pphysch wrote:
           | The JTB model is wrong or at least misleading. Definitely
           | outdated.
           | 
           | Our best modern models for both biological _and_ artificial
           | intelligence indicate that concepts or knowledge* emerges
           | from networks of sensation /facts/data.
           | 
           | * Specifically referring to "system 1" cognition, which is
           | what the article is ostensibly targeting.
        
             | marginalia_nu wrote:
             | Well the JTB was the standing model for some 2300 years, so
             | even though there are a few corner cases it doesn't quite
             | cover (Gettier etc), those are corner cases indeed. It
             | doesn't invalidate JTB any more than Einstein invalidated
             | Newtonian physics.
             | 
             | The question is what we mean when we say knowledge. I don't
             | think modelling is a good way of answering that question.
             | Of course there is going to be a connection between
             | perception and knowledge, how else would the knowledge
             | enter us? But David Hume could have told you that.
        
               | pphysch wrote:
               | Knowledge doesn't "enter" us, that's the point. It's an
               | emergent property of (many, many) memorized & networked
               | sensations, which do enter us through our various sensory
               | organs.
               | 
               | It is _virtually impossible_ to teach an abstract concept
               | like  "cup" without a) providing real, sensory examples
               | of what you mean by "cup" or b) relating to analogous
               | concepts that the student has _already_ learned through
               | personal experience (like  "bowl" with "handle") and is
               | capable of communicating.
        
               | marginalia_nu wrote:
               | There is a point where we do not have knowledge, let's
               | say when we are born, then we have perceptions, and after
               | that we (may) have knowledge about the world. I will say
               | that knowledge has entered us through perceptions. If
               | something is not in my mind, I have a perception, then it
               | is in my mind; and if I was unable to have perceptions it
               | could not have entered my mind, then it has entered
               | through that perception. All physical phenomena are to
               | some extent emergent down to subatomic particles and
               | possibly even further. It doesn't really have much of an
               | effect on the subjective human experience which principle
               | is more emergent, and the subjective human experience is
               | the only human experience.
               | 
               | It's very hard to teach someone who has no relationship
               | with the world, but you don't need a large set of
               | concepts to synthesize additional concepts. You can
               | derive most of mathematics from a few simple axioms.
               | Democritus concluded the world was made of atoms based on
               | observations about how the world appeared to work, on
               | encountering problems like Zeno's paradox. Knowledge, as
               | well as language, is all about how things relate to each
               | other. Words to meanings, causes to effects.
        
               | svnt wrote:
               | > It's very hard to teach someone who has no relationship
               | with the world
               | 
               | It is impossible, by definition.
        
               | pphysch wrote:
               | > You can derive most of mathematics from a few simple
               | axioms.
               | 
               | Yeah, nothing is stopping you from building towers of
               | abstractions that are N degrees from any real experience
               | or data. But those heavily-derived concepts are
               | prohibitively difficult to teach and communicate, because
               | each level in the abstraction hierarchy adds semantic
               | noise. A major reason why classical, "pure" mathematics
               | pedagogy is infamously ineffective.
               | 
               | Ultimately, every great mathematician learned to count
               | with rocks or apples -- not by internalizing Peano's
               | axioms.
        
               | marginalia_nu wrote:
               | That is how it is commonly taught, but can it really be
               | argued it's the only way it can be taught? Regardless
               | which method is easier, why is it possible to interact
               | with negative, irrational, or complex numbers without
               | anyone having ever seen them, but not integers?
               | 
               | There of course needs to be a common set of ideas to
               | communicate, but I'm not convinced you need one
               | particular set. In many cases, having some of the ideas
               | means you can synthesize the rest. You could for example
               | reason about numbers by drawing upon size rather than
               | quantity. Then you basically end up with the Euclidean
               | method, a mathematics of proportion that goes a
               | surprisingly long way.
        
               | pphysch wrote:
               | Abstract quantities, even positive integers, don't exist
               | in reality. Heck, even "objects" don't really exist,
               | because "boundaries between things" don't concretely
               | exist except in our perception and imagination.
               | 
               | If there is any primal, axiomatic concept, it is
               | "object"/"thing". From object you can derive quantity
               | (many objects), from quantity you can derive quality (two
               | objects are different), and so on and so forth.
        
               | marginalia_nu wrote:
               | You can reason about the same reality in various
               | different terms, and the choice in terms shapes how you
               | see the world. I don't think it's easy to argue that one
               | concept is the true concept from which all concepts
               | inevitably derive. You can just as easily think of things
               | as parts of a whole as objects in an emptiness.
               | 
               | In some languages the name for door is the same as the
               | name for mouth, and a door is a bit like a mouth so it
               | makes sense to relate them. All language is metaphorical
               | like that, except not always as explicitly. When we say a
               | thing is an object, we say that our concept of that thing
               | shares similarities to the concept we have for objects.
        
         | pfortuny wrote:
         | Memory is the basis of any real knowledge. This we have known
         | since for ever...
         | 
         | Intelligent people tend to think that you do not need to
         | memorize because everything is out there at a button-press
         | distance. But they do not realize that what makes the
         | intelligent is that they can memorize lots of things without
         | effort.
        
           | cgriswald wrote:
           | > But they do not realize that what makes the intelligent is
           | that they can memorize lots of things without effort.
           | 
           | I play board games with my friends. We all know all the rules
           | of the game, although we took varying amount of times to
           | memorize these rules. Yet some of us come to dominate the
           | game play. To the degree that there is correlation between
           | the speed with which someone learns the rules and the
           | percentage of time they win the game, I do not believe there
           | is causation. How could there be? One would have to believe
           | that once everyone has all the knowledge in the system, those
           | who memorized that knowledge faster still have an edge
           | _because_ they memorized the knowledge faster. That 's
           | difficult to believe.
        
             | dougabug wrote:
             | It's not just memorization of the rules, in a game like Go
             | that would only be a tiny fraction of the memory utilized.
             | Remembering large numbers of examples assists in
             | recognizing patterns and developing strategies.
        
               | cgriswald wrote:
               | That doesn't really resolve the underlying problem. Given
               | the same set of examples, the guy who memorized them
               | faster isn't necessarily the guy who wins. There is more
               | going on than just "effortless memory."
        
               | dougabug wrote:
               | Presumably, human memory involves a significant
               | associative aspect. If you couldn't recall a relevant
               | fact within a useful time frame, this might impact
               | comprehension or the ability to make connections. Imagine
               | trying to read a book, while only have a vocabulary of a
               | few hundred words, or lacking the ability to remember
               | more than the last few sentences.
               | 
               | There are also fidelity issues. Suppose half of the facts
               | or ideas you recalled were corrupted, or most of your
               | retrieved memories were misassociated or irrelevant?
        
       | andai wrote:
       | I was at the supermarket one time and tried to remember
       | something. In the act of trying to remember it, I instinctively
       | reached into my pocket (to Google it), and found that I'd left my
       | phone at home, and suddenly felt like part of my brain was
       | missing.
       | 
       | At that moment I realized the Internet had become part of my my
       | "memory". The feeling wasn't "I can't look it up", but literally
       | "I can't remember."
        
         | _0ffh wrote:
         | Seems like the time of the exocortex has arrived faster - if in
         | a more primitive way - than we anticipated.
        
           | LesZedCB wrote:
           | the interface is just slow, but if we have time, it'll
           | probably catch up
        
       | kazinator wrote:
       | I'm sorry, this is complete nonsense.
       | 
       | Something you recently Googled is your knowledge, for the time
       | being. It is not external.
       | 
       | You may have an inflated sense of being able to retain it going
       | forward, but that doesn't make it external.
       | 
       | It's no different from any kind of learning.
       | 
       | If you're able to recite the information without looking at an
       | online reference it's internal, and if you looked at it a month
       | ago, it's even long-term memory. It might vaporize in another few
       | months, but that doesn't mean it had been merely external.
        
       | Animats wrote:
       | With Google available, there's no upper limit on programming
       | complexity. Before search engines, programming had to be simple
       | enough that people could learn all the necessary parts. That
       | restriction has been removed.
        
       | drcongo wrote:
       | I've seen almost this exact study before somewhere. As a side
       | note though, how do we pronounce that domain name?
        
         | suchow wrote:
         | You say each letter separately; it's an acronym and stands for
         | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
        
       | jacquesm wrote:
       | All those people in this thread turning to their Significant
       | Other for help with coding problems: you are so lucky to have
       | that option.
        
       | bhouston wrote:
       | This means sense and has for some time:
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extended_mind_thesis &
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memex
        
         | abeppu wrote:
         | I think the "extended mind" view makes sense but also gets way
         | more complicated in the presence of computers that have
         | capabilities beyond just information storage and retrieval
         | (i.e. knowledge "that"). Knowledge "how" to do something can be
         | much richer, especially when the things we partly know how to
         | do are often about interacting with computers.
         | 
         | People learn arithmetic in school, but often become
         | functionally dependent on calculators or computer. When this
         | happens, I don't have the sensation that I "knew" the right
         | answer, or that I did the calculation; clearly the device did
         | the work. The separation is apparent.
         | 
         | What about when a script or tool you use every day does
         | something you could in principle do on your own, but the
         | computer is far faster and more reliable? Do you feel you
         | "know" how to typecheck your code? Or to resolve dependencies?
        
           | bhouston wrote:
           | There is the further idea of an "exocortex" that ties into
           | your brain at a deeper level and shares cognitive processes
           | more directly:
           | https://transhumanism.fandom.com/wiki/Exocortex
           | 
           | I guess that is sort of where you are going?
        
         | zaat wrote:
         | This line from the abstract:
         | 
         | > When information is at our fingertips, we may mistakenly
         | believe that it originated from inside our heads
         | 
         | reminded me immediately of Chalmers standing with his iPhone in
         | his hand, arguing that there is nothing special in the skull as
         | a location that is required for establish ownership of an idea.
        
       | m3kw9 wrote:
       | It should be "Many people repeat facts written online without
       | understanding it."
        
       | t43562 wrote:
       | But don't we copy almost everything we know from outside anyhow
       | and then think it's ours without remembering who mentioned it or
       | where we read it? Are we really original thinking machines or do
       | we copy most of the time?
        
       | dkarl wrote:
       | Personally, I'm starting to identify a lot of cases where looking
       | things up in an external resource is a deeper mental disruption
       | than remembering it, even if the lookup is just as fast or even
       | faster. (Or, it's possible that the external lookup only _seems_
       | faster because the several mechanical steps compress my
       | perception of time, like keyboard navigation can seem faster than
       | the mouse, even when it isn 't.)
       | 
       | For example, I find that when I'm working with an API enough that
       | I am frequently looking up the same operations, investing twenty
       | minutes in identifying and reviewing the important operations, as
       | if I were preparing for an exam where I wouldn't be allowed to
       | consult external resources, pays off in fluency and immersion.
       | 
       | Another example is that when I am reading a history book, before
       | I start, I review relevant names and contemporary dates. Then
       | when I find myself thinking, "Wait, at this time, how long ago
       | was X? Has Y happened yet?" I can answer from memory. This gives
       | me a richer reading experience than if I needed to remove myself
       | from the context of the book to look up those dates.
       | 
       | I know memorization is seen negatively from a pedagogical
       | standpoint, and schoolchildren find it alienating and
       | discouraging, but I think when you have enough experience to
       | understand the value of it, so that the work to achieve it isn't
       | such a negative experience in itself, judicious application of it
       | has a lot of power to make your work easier and your learning
       | experiences richer.
        
         | kaetemi wrote:
         | Yep. Having to look up every API call, versus taking the time
         | to memorise the (relevant parts of the) API, makes the
         | difference if you want to be a 10x coder.
         | 
         | Knowing how to look up and apply things is nice. Being able to
         | discern which of the things you looked up are worth memorising,
         | and then actually doing so, is even better.
        
         | Jtsummers wrote:
         | > I know memorization is seen negatively from a pedagogical
         | standpoint, and schoolchildren find it alienating and
         | discouraging, but I think when you have enough experience to
         | understand the value of it, so that the work to achieve it
         | isn't such a negative experience in itself, judicious
         | application of it has a lot of power to make your work easier
         | and your learning experiences richer.
         | 
         | https://www.theatlantic.com/education/archive/2013/09/when-m...
         | - Article I read years ago on this, I think it helps to frame
         | the debate of memorization vs anti-memorization. In particular
         | this sentence:
         | 
         | > I define memorization as _learning an isolated fact through
         | deliberate effort_. [emphasis in original]
         | 
         | I'll emphasize _isolated fact_. A lot of people who say
         | memorization and rote learning are bad or ineffective are
         | probably framing it in the same sense as this author. They
         | (mostly, there are exceptions) aren 't arguing against
         | committing information to memory, but of committing information
         | to memory with no (or minimal) understanding attached to it.
         | 
         | If you _just_ learn isolated facts, you become a meat sack
         | Chinese room (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_room). You
         | can't connect the dots and perform the real interesting work of
         | synthesis (combining information and ideas) or derivation (from
         | what you know, determine new results). The author talks about
         | students "knowing" that the sine of pi/2 is 1. What do they
         | _actually_ know, though? What can they do with that fact on its
         | own without any understanding of what  "sine" itself means and
         | the contexts in which it is used?
        
           | dkarl wrote:
           | Yep, defining memorization as learning "isolated" facts
           | presupposes that the teacher is too lazy to draw connections
           | in the classroom and explain the relevance of what the
           | students are learning. It defines memorization as something
           | that only an incompetent teacher would utilize, like defining
           | engagement with primary sources as having students read
           | material in dense technical or archaic language they don't
           | understand, without assistance, or defining classroom
           | discussion as asking the students to talk about the material
           | and then going to the teacher's lounge to have a cup of
           | coffee. No teacher would defend the use of techniques framed
           | that way.
        
       | Grimm1 wrote:
       | I partially judge the novelty of the problem I'm solving by the
       | level of access to information about it I have. You realize
       | you're on the edge of knowledge when you're deep down in the
       | research papers and there's only a couple papers on the subject
       | and you implement from there. The solutions you come up with from
       | that tend to be the most rewarding and unfortunately relative to
       | all the mundane work few and far between. I think I run into that
       | type of problem a few times a year, if even.
        
       | bondolo wrote:
       | I started developing software in the days before the Internet. It
       | was indeed very different. My choices about what to remember and
       | how I remember things have changed significantly since the
       | ubiquitous availability of searchable information. I no longer
       | have tomes of K&R, processor manuals, Inside Macintosh or Java
       | books on my desk. The only technical book which happens to be on
       | my desk at the moment is "Anti-patterns".
       | 
       | I have been "weeding" my paper books, especially technical books
       | over the last couple of years and gotten rid of an entire
       | bookshelf of books. I still have an entire bookshelf with Knuth
       | TAoCP, math books, type theory, graphics, graph theory, control
       | theory, physics and some nostalgic books like my original
       | Motorola 68000 processor guide, Rodney Zaks Z80 book, "Adventure
       | game programming in BASIC", Commodore 64 Innerspace Compendium,
       | etc.
       | 
       | When a puppy chewed up my copy of "Linux in a Nutshell" I was
       | tempted to buy the new edition but decided to try it online for a
       | month with O'Reilly Safari through work and have not bothered to
       | replace the paper copy for more than 2 years.
       | 
       | I would categorize the main change in style of memory as a shift
       | from focus on remembering details and facts, which I can look up,
       | to using memory for decision trees, processes and methodologies
       | which either can't be looked up or are significantly personally
       | customized. I consciously "outsource" the simpler and to me, less
       | valuable, aspects of memory. Some of this is handled
       | automatically by the IDE I use and the rest is done with mostly
       | Google searches.
        
         | 6chars wrote:
         | I could use a new technical book to read. Is this the one
         | you're referring to?
         | https://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0471197130/thean04c-...
        
       | tony-allan wrote:
       | Some additional references
       | 
       | Does Googling Perpetuate the Dunning-Kruger Effect?
       | https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/the-athletes-way/202...
       | 
       | One with the Cloud: Why People Mistake the Internet's Knowledge
       | for Their Own (2013) -
       | http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:11004901
        
       | kwertyoowiyop wrote:
       | There's an SNL skit here.
        
       | bregma wrote:
       | A frequent mistake is to confuse knowledge with intelligence or
       | wisdom. It is neither, but a prerequisite for both.
        
       | kwertyoowiyop wrote:
       | Stackoverflow makes me think I know C++.
        
       | joshstrange wrote:
       | When I was younger I worried a little bit about this but now I'm
       | perfectly happy to use my brain as an index instead of a data
       | warehouse. As in, I don't bother committing to memory things that
       | I can reach out and grab if they fall out of my "cache". As
       | others have noted, I regularly reach out to SO/Internet to
       | "remember" how to do basic language features if I haven't worked
       | in said language recently or I've just forgotten the syntax. I
       | can speed 5min+ racking my brain and/or reading docs or I can
       | search and find it in a few seconds. Often I just need to see an
       | example to "remember" or kick start myself.
        
         | monkeybutton wrote:
         | The problem for me now is my mental index can suffer from link
         | rot. For programming its okay because this doesn't happen
         | often. But for other topics when a site or blog with the
         | details of how something works disappears from the internet its
         | very disorienting. Like you unlearned it. I guess this is why
         | people get into archiving content.
        
           | svnt wrote:
           | Evernote's web clipper and notebook system is quite good for
           | this. It is the only service I've consistently paid for over
           | the last decade.
        
           | actually_a_dog wrote:
           | You're right. It is. I'm thinking about setting up some sort
           | of archiving web proxy on my home network to archive most of
           | the pages I visit. I'm not sure if that will turn out to be
           | any more useful than searching the Google index, but, at
           | least it'll be a fun project. :-)
        
             | monkeybutton wrote:
             | That could be really interesting to analyze after a year or
             | so. Look for trends in usage like a Fitbit for your
             | browsing habits.
        
         | mindcrime wrote:
         | The things I wind up having to Google / SO are things like "How
         | to setup a Spring Boot app with Spring Data JPA for data
         | access". There are just so many fiddly details: the exact list
         | of dependencies to put into your pom, the various required
         | annotations (@EnableJpaRepositories or whatever, etc., yada
         | yada), the various properties that have to be configured for a
         | Datasource, etc. There's no way I'm committing all of that
         | stuff to memory, especially when it's easy enough to look up
         | (or better yet, build a trivial "hello world" project with
         | everything already done, and store it off to the side as a
         | template).
        
         | awillen wrote:
         | I think this is the bigger point - the difference between
         | internal and external knowledge has become much less important
         | because the external knowledge is always easily available. I
         | have a friend who prides himself on knowing all manner of both
         | sports and history trivia - he could walk you through who won
         | every NBA championship and who was in their starting lineup for
         | the finals off the top of his head. Meanwhile, I'm a Lakers fan
         | and I remember they had a threepeat in the early 2000s, but I
         | don't know the years off the top of my head. Who cares? I can
         | Google it if I need the details.
        
       | Razengan wrote:
       | Is there ANYbody today whose knowledge is all their "own"?
       | 
       | How many people really learn something completely on their own?
       | 
       | Even tools count as the sum of somebody else's knowledge, like
       | the computer and language you use even if you teach yourself how
       | to program.
       | 
       | Everyone builds upon the knowledge of billions who came before.
       | It's not a competition.
        
       | moosey wrote:
       | I often hear a thought process to the effect of:
       | 
       | > Why learn something in depth when it can just be looked up?
       | 
       | And the answer is that you can't daydream about something or
       | think about it deeply unless that information is easily pulled up
       | from your memory. Daydreaming, out the "default mode" of the
       | brain organizes and helps is too understand information. If I had
       | taken the care to study and memorize information regarding, well,
       | everything in school, via a tool like Anki, I would have a lot
       | more information that I could use to connect disparate ideas
       | together. The brain can't do this to the full extent possible
       | unless that information is memorized.
       | 
       | That being said, it's important to know that memorization has a
       | cost in time. The time for a single data point is low, but 20-30k
       | data points in Anki is a serious time commitment.
       | 
       | If it's important to you, memorize. The benefits are huge, and it
       | will help too ward off mental declines later in life.
        
         | BeFlatXIII wrote:
         | > If it's important to you, memorize. The benefits are huge,
         | and it will help too ward off mental declines later in life.
         | 
         | I slightly disagree. I do agree that the end goal of having the
         | information memorized is important, but drilling flashcards
         | never worked for me. What makes information stick is drilling
         | practice problems that touch on the knowledge to be memorized
         | until it's established. It's more useful for recognizing when
         | those facts will be relevant, too, compared to having a memory
         | silo of 10,000 stored facts.
        
           | Jtsummers wrote:
           | Anki and similar systems can be used for practice problems,
           | not just "read card" or "read card, say the reverse side,
           | check if correct". There are some add-ons for math that
           | actually generate problems, or you can construct the cards in
           | a way that they promote use and not mere recall. "Io
           | {parlare} con mia moglie" can be one of many such cards that
           | prompt you to conjugate, or set the article, or properly
           | determine the plural. Or can be combined with reading
           | comprehension or listening comprehension scenarios (play or
           | show some sentences, follow on with questions about what was
           | heard or read).
        
         | the-dude wrote:
         | "Never memorize something that you can look up." -- Albert
         | Einstein
         | 
         | https://www.goodreads.com/author/quotes/9810.Albert_Einstein
         | 
         | and there is :
         | 
         | "Reading, after a certain age, diverts the mind too much from
         | its creative pursuits. Any man who reads too much and uses his
         | own brain too little falls into lazy habits of thinking"
         | 
         | https://www.quora.com/How-true-is-Einsteins-statement-that-R...
        
           | amelius wrote:
           | Does the second quote apply to "reading HN"?
        
         | Jensson wrote:
         | You should see your memory as a library of functions, not a
         | database of facts. Facts helps you answer test questions,
         | library functions is how you solve problems.
         | 
         | Every piece of knowledge has things you can do with it, things
         | that relates to it etc, understanding how to work with the
         | knowledge is the important part to learn and what you don't
         | really learn by just looking it up on the internet. Basically
         | you build interfaces and connects them and create a large
         | structure of things you can do and apply to all sorts of
         | things.
        
       | danielrpa wrote:
       | Isn't internet access at your fingertips a form of transhumanism?
       | So maybe it's ok, people do indeed "know" more in an objective
       | sense.
        
         | legrande wrote:
         | > Isn't internet access at your fingertips a form of
         | transhumanism
         | 
         | Well to some degree. At some stage we will forgo having a
         | smartphone and have Google hardwired to our brain. I think
         | that's where we're heading eventually. Tech companies want to
         | be inside our head (if they're not already). Musk talks about
         | the bandwidth problem of accessing information. If it was super
         | readily available (i.e hardwired to our brain), then we could
         | be superhuman.
         | 
         | This is why we're to some extent already cyborgs, just not in
         | the cyberpunk aesthetic way of being half machine half human,
         | but we're already half-way there with smartphones.
        
           | svnt wrote:
           | > Musk talks about the bandwidth problem of accessing
           | information.
           | 
           | Has he thought about using the eyeballs? I have it on good
           | authority that the eyeballs have a standard fuckton of
           | functional bandwidth.
        
         | rellekio wrote:
         | Issue comes in when it gives you the experience of knowing more
         | than you think and making judgements based off of that feeling.
         | 
         | My concern is the difficulty of tracking down sources years
         | later without a means of reference. Unless you are actively
         | archiving and organizing those links in a useful way. What we
         | have is more prone to forgetfulness, but also at the time that
         | is our strength. Still a pain though
        
           | mistermann wrote:
           | > My concern is the difficulty of tracking down sources years
           | later without a means of reference.
           | 
           | Also when the "facts" in one's sources change, as we've seen
           | in journalism in the past few years.
        
       | nescioquid wrote:
       | As I understood the abstract, participants are given general-
       | knowledge questions (e.g. who was the fourth U.S. president),
       | participant looks up the answer online, sees "Madison" and then
       | thinks they must have know that (Washington - Adams - Jefferson -
       | Madison). The participant will then predict that they will do
       | well on subsequent questions without using the internet for
       | reference (at least that's how I interpret "... [participants]
       | predict that they will know more in the future without the help
       | of the internet").
       | 
       | That's a foible fit for satire. I'm curious whether there is a
       | process of rationalization like I just imagined, or whether there
       | is just a fundamental confusion by the participant about whether
       | they knew the information prior or knew it from the recent
       | internet search. If the later, that could be horrifying (imagine
       | you needed to find out how long Oceania and Eastasia have been at
       | war).
       | 
       | I've read about teachers struggling to convince students of the
       | need to actually memorize things despite the ubiquity of easy
       | reference: you just won't make new connections or insights if you
       | don't have any information already in your head. I would say this
       | study would suggest the teacher's task is even more difficult if
       | people misattribute recent searches for prior knowledge.
        
         | mc32 wrote:
         | There is another tangential problem with relying on online
         | information stores.
         | 
         | At least with news media, if there was a significant error in
         | reporting, that would go out in an upcoming edition. Both would
         | be recorded.
         | 
         | In recent times, news outlets, and other publications,
         | _silently_ update things without issuing a correction or making
         | it obvious there was a correction and the only way you can find
         | out is by the internet archive, if it was there.
        
       | msla wrote:
       | https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Phaedrus
       | 
       | > At the Egyptian city of Naucratis, there was a famous old god,
       | whose name was Theuth; the bird which is called the Ibis is
       | sacred to him, and he was the inventor of many arts, such as
       | arithmetic and calculation and geometry and astronomy and
       | draughts and dice, but his great discovery was the use of
       | letters. Now in those days the god Thamus was the king of the
       | whole country of Egypt; and he dwelt in that great city of Upper
       | Egypt which the Hellenes call Egyptian Thebes, and the god
       | himself is called by them Ammon. To him came Theuth and showed
       | his inventions, desiring that the other Egyptians might be
       | allowed to have the benefit of them; he enumerated them, and
       | Thamus enquired about their several uses, and praised some of
       | them and censured others, as he approved or disapproved of them.
       | It would take a long time to repeat all that Thamus said to
       | Theuth in praise or blame of the various arts. But when they came
       | to letters, This, said Theuth, will make the Egyptians wiser and
       | give them better memories; it is a specific both for the memory
       | and for the wit. Thamus replied: O most ingenious Theuth, the
       | parent or inventor of an art is not always the best judge of the
       | utility or inutility of his own inventions to the users of them.
       | And in this instance, you who are the father of letters, from a
       | paternal love of your own children have been led to attribute to
       | them a quality which they cannot have; for this discovery of
       | yours will create forgetfulness in the learners' souls, because
       | they will not use their memories; they will trust to the external
       | written characters and not remember of themselves. The specific
       | which you have discovered is an aid not to memory, but to
       | reminiscence, and you give your disciples not truth, but only the
       | semblance of truth; they will be hearers of many things and will
       | have learned nothing; they will appear to be omniscient and will
       | generally know nothing; they will be tiresome company, having the
       | show of wisdom without the reality.
       | 
       | So this is not a new concern.
        
       | 1970-01-01 wrote:
       | No internet connection is required!
       | 
       | Q: You won more than US$2.5 million dollars over 75 episodes of
       | "Jeopardy!" How did you do it?
       | 
       | Jennings: I've always considered myself to be a very curious
       | person by nature. If I don't know the answer to something, it's
       | like a mystery I need to solve; it spurs me on to find out more
       | information. I read just about everything I can pick up, I watch
       | a lot of movies and I also like to enter my questions into
       | Encarta; it's a great digital encyclopedia with the answers a
       | mouse click away.
       | 
       | https://news.microsoft.com/2004/12/06/q-what-are-ken-jenning...
        
       | nathias wrote:
       | There is no knowledge on the internet, only data.
        
         | LesZedCB wrote:
         | eh.
         | 
         | data point of one.
        
       | hogFeast wrote:
       | If you word a question correctly, you can also find evidence for
       | almost any belief with Google (it is Nietzsche, you ask Google,
       | and Google asks you). It is actually quite bizarre to have a
       | conversation with someone online, that person has literally no
       | real knowledge of the topic, they pepper you with "sources"
       | (usually those sources do not provide evidence for what they are
       | saying, they don't know enough to know that), and then (and this
       | is very 2020s) act outraged when you point they are wrong and
       | have no actual knowledge of the topic beyond Google.
       | 
       | In my experience, these people have usually integrated Google
       | fully into their own perception of knowledge. They view
       | themselves as totally rational, their views are all evidence-
       | based because they can type the magic phrase into Google and get
       | justification...but, of course, the feeling comes before the
       | source and they have no real understanding of what "evidence"
       | actually looks like. It is very odd trying to have a conversation
       | with someone who is totally irrational but believes heavily in
       | rationality (this is the "source? source? source?" meme of
       | Reddit).
       | 
       | I think this is distinct from the SO stuff. Programming languages
       | are very explicit so it is easy to forget exactly how to do
       | something basic if you do it infrequently (for example, I can
       | never remember how to get an env variable in Python, I do it in
       | every project but usually only a handful of times per
       | project...it is easy to forget) Once you get into more complex
       | problems, you can look stuff up on SO but you still won't be able
       | to do it unless you actually understand what you are copying (in
       | my experience, I have usually copied something, something is
       | slightly different, and then I spend time going through
       | it/reworking/understanding).
        
       | beloch wrote:
       | There is an inherent and not entirely unfounded bias evident in
       | this article that external knowledge is inferior to internal
       | knowledge. It is certainly true that reaching the point where you
       | don't have to look something up usually means you have a deeper
       | understanding of it and are more competent and fast using it.
       | Quality of knowledge matters, but there are limits to how much
       | knowledge a single person can internalize.
       | 
       | Quantity has a quality all it's own.
       | 
       | Having vast amounts of external knowledge available for rapid
       | access offers unique capabilities. Skill at searching as well as
       | quality of search tools can enable people to do things that would
       | have taken far longer just a couple decades ago when any given
       | search would have involved dead-tree books.
       | 
       | Perhaps we should start thinking of google and other such tools,
       | not as poor substitutes for knowledge painstakingly internalized,
       | but rather, an augmentation of human intelligence that grants
       | humans rapid access to _far_ more knowledge than any single human
       | could possibly internalize in a lifetime. As these tools improve,
       | this augmentation effect will become more pronounced, as will the
       | deleterious effects of being cut off from the internet.
       | 
       | The blurring of lines between internal and external knowledge may
       | also intensify with future technologies. e.g. Wetware out of a
       | William Gibson novel lets people with data jacks install modules
       | of mental expertise at will. Will an article like this even have
       | meaning once people can look up a module of deeply internalized
       | knowledge and install it in an instant?
       | 
       | One day, the Internet's knowledge may be indistinguishable from
       | our own.
        
         | pomian wrote:
         | This is what the Internet started to do, and seemed to promise.
         | But, as we all lament on HN, the Internet is no longer that
         | which we yearn for. Walled gardens, embedded links, snippets
         | instead of articles, titles instead of papers, ads ads ads. It
         | is almost impossible to find the actual fruits of knowledge
         | among the trash. It wasn't long ago, that you had free access
         | to research, data, results, of studies from around the world.
         | Knowledge unbounded. Its almost hopeless now. How to fix it?
         | (And the best scientific paper resource is 'illegal '.)
        
         | joe_the_user wrote:
         | It's problematic to not distinguish between things you know and
         | thing you just googled, regardless of which is more accurate.
         | 
         | The problem is similar to not looking and determining what the
         | information of the article you Google is. This feeds into the
         | now stereotype behavior of someone confusing a Google search
         | with actual research. Google doesn't help with it's question-
         | answer section, many of which are mis-categorized and from not-
         | necessarily reliable sources.
         | 
         |  _Quantity has a quality all it 's own._
         | 
         | A large quantity of poor quality of information is certainly
         | not something that it would be useful to have automatically
         | pouring through one's cranium, to say the least.
        
       | hyperpallium2 wrote:
       | > erroneously optimistic predictions regarding how much they will
       | know without the internet
       | 
       | People experience tools as extentions of themselves. If you
       | always have the tool, does it matter whether you've misattributed
       | (and if you have the tool, _have_ you misattributed?)
       | 
       | Are we not tool-users?
       | 
       | Carpenter don't perform as well without hammers; cyclists without
       | cycles; surgeons without scalpels; engineers without mathematics;
       | writers without language.
        
       | buescher wrote:
       | Even before the WWW, I remember being taught that the next best
       | thing to remembering something was knowing how/where to look it
       | up.
        
       | faizshah wrote:
       | I feel like people take for granted the ability to ask the right
       | question with the right words. I get that this study is talking
       | about general knowledge questions but I can't tell you how many
       | times I have tried to search for an answer for something in
       | another field only to find that I need to find the right keywords
       | for the question first. For example a social network in
       | humanities is a complex network in physics is a graph in
       | mathematics is a network in ML (but sometimes its also called a
       | graph) this is very annoying cause all these fields have
       | different ideas on "community identification" (clustering). I'm
       | sure people must have the same problem for general knowledge
       | questions as well.
        
         | actually_a_dog wrote:
         | Small correction: in mathematics, such a thing could also be
         | called a graph.
        
       | nsonha wrote:
       | knowledge is part of reality, my mind is just a cache
        
       | ksec wrote:
       | I am not sure if this is related.
       | 
       | It isn't the access of information ( Internet or not ) that is a
       | problem. It is the access to "answer" that is the problem. Or
       | more precisely access to answer without explanation why this is
       | an answer. People no longer "think" if this answer is correct or
       | not ( misinformation ), but presume it to be true. And then they
       | built up a mental model using that information. Which leads to
       | all sort of wrong conclusion. In the old days access to
       | information ( library ) tends to be much better because quality
       | of information is likely millions times higher.
       | 
       | This leads to "way" less thinking. And "thinking", the process to
       | digest information is critical to gain knowledge. The more access
       | you have to answers, the less thinking you have to do. Which ends
       | in a negative feedback loop.
       | 
       | I have been teaching kids these days and making this point
       | extremely clear. It is not the answer that matters, it is how you
       | arrive at the answer that is the most important. Especially in
       | the day of Google. But generally speaking they do ask a _hell of
       | a lot_ "why" :) Part of the joy of working with kids.
        
       | lvl100 wrote:
       | I think of it as my own RAM. Search used to be quite slow and you
       | had to have knowledge stored in your RAM to be proficient. Memory
       | was valued but you also had to deal with human limitations.
       | 
       | Fast forward to today and search can be done quite a bit faster.
       | And your internal RAM effectively multiplied or perhaps your
       | storage (SSD) became faster and bigger. In that sense what's
       | become more valuable is not necessarily how much information you
       | can physically retain in your brain/memory but how FAST and
       | EFFECTIVELY you can look up things.
        
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