[HN Gopher] Los Angeles is gearing up to ban wood-frame construc...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Los Angeles is gearing up to ban wood-frame construction
        
       Author : dmitriy_ko
       Score  : 95 points
       Date   : 2021-11-21 20:07 UTC (2 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.pacificresearch.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.pacificresearch.org)
        
       | jccalhoun wrote:
       | I found an article from June with more specifics:
       | https://urbanize.city/la/post/los-angeles-wildfire-wood-cons...
       | 
       | That article contains this interesting nugget of information:
       | "the proposal [...] is backed by an organization called Build
       | with Strength. The campaign, led by the National Ready Mixed
       | Concrete Association..."
       | 
       | So it seems this may have more to do with $$$ than actual safety.
        
         | clairity wrote:
         | this is exactly what regulatory capture looks like, deceptive
         | and anti-progressive (expressly without the typical political
         | association). as such, every ballot measure should be a default
         | 'no' unless you thoroughly understand the second- and third-
         | order implications of the measure, not just because it sounds
         | good on the surface.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | JumpCrisscross wrote:
         | Another HN comment [1] notes this source is biased. Do we have
         | an independent source confirming this move would not improve
         | fire safety in Los Angeles?
         | 
         | Playing devil's advocate, if I'm in a concrete business's
         | government relations office and I see a fire safety proposal
         | that would help my company's sales, I'm going to pitch in to
         | help. That doesn't _necessarily_ mean the proposal was
         | corruptly originated or advanced. (It does merit closer
         | inspection.)
         | 
         | [1] https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=29299636
        
           | atomicUpdate wrote:
           | It doesn't matter if it improves fire safety, since wood
           | frame houses are already safe to live in. There is a point of
           | diminishing returns that a change like this clearly goes
           | beyond.
        
             | jen20 wrote:
             | Safe compared to what? I realised when I moved to the US
             | from the UK that the number of people I heard on a ~weekly
             | basis who lost possessions or even lives in a house fire
             | went from effectively zero to more than zero.
             | 
             | It just seems to be accepted as "ok" that houses are
             | constructed from wood and can fairly trivially burn to the
             | ground - especially given the standard of electrical wiring
             | often found! I for one welcome any ban on wood housing
             | construction and hope it spreads far and wide - and
             | certainly will never spend money on a house that
             | fundamentally represents the second of the Three Little
             | Pigs.
             | 
             | (Edit: Perhaps LA also has earthquakes to consider - that's
             | fine and a trade-off worth discussing. Where I live
             | earthquakes are non-existent, yet it's still basically
             | impossible to buy a house constructed properly)
        
               | fortran77 wrote:
               | > from the UK that the number of people I heard on a
               | ~weekly basis who lost possessions or even lives in a
               | house fire went from effectively zero to more than zero.
               | 
               | Really? https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grenfell_Tower_fire
        
               | cool_hacker2 wrote:
               | Cue the american nationalists lol
        
               | jen20 wrote:
               | Actually this one is a good point and one I had forgotten
               | about since it was after I left the UK.
        
               | 8note wrote:
               | I'm pretty sure most Seattle house fires involve tents,
               | rather than wood or concrete
        
               | fgonzag wrote:
               | I live in Mexico where houses are made out of concrete. A
               | house fire is even worse, because you end up with a
               | structurally unsound concrete shell that has to be
               | demolished (and is quite expensive to do so). On a wooden
               | home you simply rebuild on top of the ashes.
        
               | jdhn wrote:
               | >I realized when I moved to the US from the UK that the
               | number of people I heard on a ~weekly basis who lost
               | possessions or even lives in a house fire went from
               | effectively zero to more than zero.
               | 
               | Where on earth did you move to where house fires are this
               | common? I've never heard anyone talk about the
               | possessions that they lost in a house fire because house
               | fires are so uncommon.
        
               | notwhereyouare wrote:
               | Boston has a fire that displaces residents in a house at
               | least once a week. Maybe every other week at most. And
               | that's just the city, not counting surrounding cities
        
               | rbobby wrote:
               | > heard on a ~weekly
               | 
               | Could be a function of media. US media loves to scare its
               | audiences.
        
               | llampx wrote:
               | The UK media is likely backed by Big Concrete(tm)
        
               | myself248 wrote:
               | I personally know several individuals who've had house
               | (or trailer) fires. It seems entirely plausible that the
               | comment was referring to personal interactions, not media
               | mentions.
        
               | logicalmonster wrote:
               | > I for one welcome any ban on wood housing construction
               | and hope it spreads far and wide - and certainly will
               | never spend money on a house that fundamentally
               | represents the second of the Three Little Pigs.
               | 
               | Fire safety is great, and if that's what you prioritize
               | buying in your life, all the more power to you.
               | 
               | But focusing so heavily on one variable for something
               | this complicated on a societal level seems like it would
               | lead to a bad outcome because design and engineering
               | always contains multiple competing tradeoffs.
               | 
               | Fire safety is certainly an important consideration when
               | it comes to building, but is far from the only tradeoff
               | to consider: what about building cost, environmental
               | impact, building speed, repairability, and many other
               | variables?
               | 
               | These numbers are pure fiction, but what if improving
               | fire safety by 25 times increases building costs by 4
               | times, hurts the environmental impact by 5 times, makes
               | the building twice as hard to repair when something
               | breaks, and triples the construction time?
        
               | plorkyeran wrote:
               | In 34 years in the US I have never met someone who has
               | mentioned that they personally lost possessions in a
               | house fire. Are you working in a field that causes you to
               | interact with people who had their house burn down or
               | something?
        
               | jen20 wrote:
               | Not particularly. Today I heard of a musician friend who
               | lost a bunch of equipment in a house fire in Texas.
               | They're mostly stories similar to that.
        
               | detaro wrote:
               | Wood construction doesn't mean bad fire safety.
        
               | orf wrote:
               | The UK has ~82 house fires per day, for 27 million
               | dwellings. It's not clear if these map 1-1 with buildings
               | (I.e building a split into apartments).
               | 
               | The USA has 928 fires per day for 139 million houses.
               | 
               | So if hastily googled statistics are to be believed,
               | you're over twice as likely to have a house fire in the
               | USA.
               | 
               | https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploa
               | ds/...
        
               | Manuel_D wrote:
               | The USA also has a much more diverse set of climates than
               | England - nit, your source is studying fires in England
               | specifically, not the whole of the United Kingdom. I'm
               | also curious where your figure for the USA Comparing
               | rates of fires in hotter, more arid climates like Texas
               | or California with England seems like a pretty big leap.
               | 
               | I'm also curious where your figure of 928 fires per day
               | in the US comes from, maybe I overlooked it but I didn't
               | see the USA statistics in your link. FEMA puts the figure
               | at 1.3 million per year, or over 3,500 [1] per day. It's
               | likely that there's a significant difference between the
               | definition of a "fire" between the US and UK sources.
               | 
               | 1. https://www.usfa.fema.gov/data/statistics/
        
             | JumpCrisscross wrote:
             | > _doesn't matter if it improves fire safety, since wood
             | frame houses are already safe to live in_
             | 
             | This is tautological. Whether they're safe to live in is
             | the entire debate. (Wood-frame house in a suburb has a
             | different risk profile from one in a dense neighbourhood by
             | brush.)
             | 
             | Safety standards evolve as the environment changes and our
             | tolerance for risk, mediated by technology, decreases.
        
               | floatingatoll wrote:
               | That's one debate. There are two debates.
               | 
               | Debate #1: Are wood frame houses unsafe in Los Angeles,
               | such that they should either be condemned and razed, or
               | be subject to mandatory annual LA county safety
               | inspections?
               | 
               | Debate #2: Are concrete houses _so much_ safer than wood
               | frame houses, that wood frame houses should be banned?
               | 
               | Right now, the concrete industry is backing a bill that
               | endorses the view "#1 No, #2 Yes". Their detractors think
               | that their view on #2 is biased, and that it is actually
               | "#1 No, #2 No". I think that in reality it's "#1 Yes, #2
               | No", and that there's not enough political will to
               | evaluate at all whether wood frame houses need more
               | frequent fire inspections.
               | 
               | LA county is also in earthquake, flooding, tsunami, and
               | wildfire territory, so any decisions that decrees one
               | solution for all problems is automatically suspect simply
               | for being incompetent versus the spectrum of safety
               | scenarios available. For example, wood is more likely to
               | survive earthquakes, while concrete is more likely to
               | sustain damage; earthquakes happen constantly in this
               | region, so much so that USGS has an entire California
               | subsite dedicated to it.
               | 
               | Cynically, I expect the concrete industry is trying to
               | say that concrete houses won't burn in wildfires, but by
               | the time a change in building code reaches actual newly
               | built homes in any given area, that area will already
               | have had it's superfire and be relatively low wildfire
               | risk for the next couple decades (since it'll be a long
               | time before that much dry tinder can accumulate again).
               | 
               | The simplest way to counteract this bill would be to
               | demand it require county inspection of all concrete homes
               | after earthquakes, at which point the county would have
               | to consider the real cost of structural collapse of
               | concrete homes in salaried inspector terms, and
               | reevaluate its stance on earthquake risk prevention
               | versus fire risk prevention with respect to building
               | materials. But I don't think anyone's thinking in those
               | terms, which is unfortunate. If you live in LA, write
               | your legislator a handwritten postal letter about it.
        
           | DantesKite wrote:
           | You also have to factor in the risk of earthquakes.
           | 
           | Los Angeles doesn't have frequent earthquakes, but because
           | it's near a fault-line, that tail risk has to be addressed
           | (the same way one wears a seatbelt, even though car accidents
           | happen only a couple times in an individual's life).
        
             | necovek wrote:
             | I never knew that wood construction was considered safer
             | than concrete construction when it comes to earthquakes.
             | 
             | Even the smallest of residential houses here (Serbia) are
             | constructed with reinforced concrete as the base and
             | reinforced concrete pillars, with brick walls filling in
             | between the pillars and floors and ceilings: basically, a
             | house is a reinforced concrete box that can move
             | independently from the ground, and that's supposed to
             | guarantee earthquake stability (it's definitely not done
             | for fire reasons, since roof construction is still
             | predominantly wooden). Construction standards have been
             | heavily modified post-1963 Skopje earthquake
             | (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1963_Skopje_earthquake).
             | 
             | Buildings such as Usce tower, built in this style, have not
             | survived a big earthquake, but I imagine surviving a couple
             | of tomahawk missiles is a good enough reassurance of
             | stability: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U%C5%A1%C4%87e_Tow
             | ers#NATO_bom... (though I am fully aware that earthquakes
             | and missiles are completely different when it comes to
             | shocks a building experiences).
             | 
             | So I wonder, how prevalent is reinforced concrete use for
             | houses in USA and esp California? Are there many houses and
             | buildings built with insufficiently-reinforced concrete?
             | 
             | Interestingly, concrete based construction is one of the
             | cheapest around here, possibly because most houses are
             | built that way.
        
       | legulere wrote:
       | Doesn't building using bricks exist in the US, or why isn't it
       | mentioned?
       | 
       | In my region in several places it was banned to build houses
       | using wood hundreds of years ago and there a lot of beautiful
       | stone houses still stand today. Avoiding wood in dense areas
       | really makes sense I guess.
        
         | TaylorAlexander wrote:
         | California is prone to earthquakes so we don't really like
         | brick buildings here.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | austincheney wrote:
         | Earthquakes aside brick is really heavy and extremely brittle,
         | so it is only cost effective if it can be sourced somewhat
         | locally. The only real advantage to brick, aside from
         | aesthetics, is that its a great insulator.
        
           | jefftk wrote:
           | It's not a good insulator, though? A 4" brick wall is has an
           | R value of 0.8, so you'd need 5ft thick walls to get R13.
           | 
           | It's great for thermal mass, but you still need insulation.
        
             | austincheney wrote:
             | Yes, you still need insulation. But, brick appears to still
             | be a much better insulator than other residential building
             | materials.
             | 
             | I found a site that explains it with numbers:
             | https://gambrick.com/does-a-brick-home-need-insulation/
             | 
             | Additionally, brick is superior at weather resistance over
             | time. 50 years from that brick will continue to insulate
             | about the same as a new wall. You won't get that with wood
             | even with lots of treatment over the years.
        
               | jefftk wrote:
               | That site is talking about brick used as siding, not as
               | something structural. And they're only getting an R value
               | of 0.8 (which is minimal) because it is 4" thick.
               | 
               | 4" brick gives you less insulation than even 1/4" of
               | foam.
        
               | austincheney wrote:
               | Are there modern residences that use brick for more than
               | siding?
        
             | tpm wrote:
             | Some bricks do not need additional insulation, such as this
             | one with U=0.11: https://www.heluz.sk/sk/vyrobek/heluz-
             | family-50-2in1-brusena
        
             | timeon wrote:
             | Brick houses in central and eastern Europe are usually
             | build with clay block bricks like Porotherm with l = 0,1 -
             | 0,133 W/mK. There are also some with 0,082 W/mK but usual
             | combination is brick+insulation (i.e.: to have wall with U
             | value less then 0,22 W/(m2[?]K) you can use brick with
             | thickness of 38cm and 10cm insulation. For 20cm concrete
             | wall you would have to use 30cm insulation.)
        
           | dilyevsky wrote:
           | > The only real advantage to brick, aside from aesthetics, is
           | that its a great insulator.
           | 
           | No it isn't, the R value of wood is much higher. Imho the
           | real advantage is longevity (doesn't apply to earthquake
           | areas tho) also when there isn't wood available
        
             | chrisseaton wrote:
             | But a wall in a wooden house isn't actually wood unless
             | it's a log cabin. It a normal wooden house it's a void with
             | a wooden frame.
        
         | kevin_thibedeau wrote:
         | Masonry structures are practically non-existent, especially in
         | new construction. It's only used as decorative veneer or wall
         | infill for self-supporting steel commercial buildings.
        
       | mensetmanusman wrote:
       | Erase CO2 negative construction and replace with CO2 positive
       | construction. Sounds legit.
        
       | car wrote:
       | Don't buy this sight unseen. This organisation has a political
       | agenda, see comment by kevin_b_er.
        
       | albertopv wrote:
       | In Italy and Norway, maybe others, I don't know, wood
       | constructions have been pushed quite a lot because they are more
       | environment friendly than concrete and steel, can this be so
       | different in los angeles?
        
         | Thlom wrote:
         | In Norway we have always built our homes with wood, but the
         | last decade or so there have been a few buildings that would
         | normally be built with concrete instead built with timber.
         | Schools, hotels, apartment buildings and so on. Specifically
         | they are using glued laminated timber that is said to to
         | withstand fire better than f.ex steel.
        
         | hollerith wrote:
         | >can this be so different in los angeles?
         | 
         | No. Making the cement requires much energy.
        
           | cdot2 wrote:
           | More importantly the chemical reaction that makes cement
           | releases a ton of co2
        
         | robocat wrote:
         | A friend from Spain visited us in Christchurch New Zealand, and
         | they couldn't work out why all the housing was "temporary":
         | most of our homes are built of wood which appeared temporary to
         | her. Solid structures also make sense in hot countries, where
         | thermal mass helps keep your home cool without aircon. Another
         | friend bought a large finca in Spain, that is stone (with
         | rubble infill I think) and is hundreds of years old - very
         | comfortable.
         | 
         | Here, wood makes more sense, because of cost and earthquakes.
         | Many brick buildings and brick facades failed during the
         | Christchurch earthquake. I own a home with a broken ring
         | foundation, but completely lovable (edit: liveable) still,
         | because it is a wooden home from the 30's. The main issue with
         | wooden homes are that they need a lot of expensive ongoing
         | maintenance or they deteriorate. Not so much of an issue in the
         | inner city where buildings get demolished, and replaced by new
         | apartments or town houses.
        
           | jollybean wrote:
           | They are 'temporary' in the sense they are not quite designed
           | to last for centuries.
           | 
           | In Europe, you have 'Post and Beam' framing which means the
           | underlying structure can last 'a very long time' while the
           | non-weight-bearing walls can be replaced. And there's a lot
           | of stone work which can last 'a very long time' as well.
           | 
           | But yes, stone is a problem for earthquakes.
           | 
           | I wish there was more research into modern materials for this
           | kind of stuff.
           | 
           | I would hope that 'wood' would be something we use for
           | decorative things we see, touch or feel, and that something
           | more mundane can go into the framing.
        
             | phicoh wrote:
             | Indeed, with such a 'post and beam' construction, a wooden
             | house can last for 400 years (at least, where I live the
             | oldest houses are around the age).
             | 
             | That said, in 1669, Amsterdam no longer allowed outside
             | walls made of wood due to the fire spreading risk. Though
             | that means that the construction would still be 'post and
             | beam', but the outside walls would be make of bricks.
        
       | codingdave wrote:
       | > "The motion currently winding its way through City Council"
       | 
       | Original motion is here -->
       | https://clkrep.lacity.org/onlinedocs/2019/19-0603_mot_06-05-...
       | 
       | Full history here -->
       | https://cityclerk.lacity.org/lacityclerkconnect/index.cfm?fa...
        
       | Mave83 wrote:
       | In Germany, only a small portion of our houses are wood framed.
       | But we have high standards, so our wood frames are protected and
       | escape routes in special are covered by non burning plates. In
       | addition, building stairs with the right wood can make them more
       | sustainable to fire than concrete.
       | 
       | Overall, that's a very bad decision they made or want to make and
       | there are even more technology available to prevent any form of
       | fire in wood framed houses. Example: circuit breakers with
       | lightning detection.
        
       | worker767424 wrote:
       | This is just goofy. Timber-framed structures do well in
       | earthquakes, and while they catch fire often enough during
       | construction, once fire sprinklers are installed and people live
       | there, serious residential apartment fires in modern construction
       | are really rare. The most recent fire that comes to mind is
       | Grenfell Tower, but it's larger than you'd normally use wood for.
        
         | ummonk wrote:
         | Grenfell tower was a concrete tower, and it was the synthetic
         | cladding that spread the fire.
        
         | vlovich123 wrote:
         | I imagine the concern in LA is the massive fires they're seeing
         | on an annual basis, not so much home fires...
        
           | klyrs wrote:
           | I could see that if such the rule was "within 100 yards of a
           | forest" or something, but that would only cover a tiny
           | fraction of the city.
        
             | frogblast wrote:
             | In California that is defined as the "Wildland/Urban
             | Interface". That zone has been subject to much stricter
             | building codes since 2008. Timber frame homes are allowed,
             | as other factors (venting, roof material, rain gutters,
             | roof material, siding material, landscaping) are
             | dramatically more important.
             | 
             | The vast majority or LA county homes are not in a WUI zone,
             | so wildfire extent can't be used as an argument for this.
        
         | KineticLensman wrote:
         | > Timber-framed structures do well in earthquakes, and while
         | they catch fire often enough during construction, once fire
         | sprinklers are installed and people live there, serious
         | residential apartment fires in modern construction are really
         | rare. The most recent fire that comes to mind is Grenfell
         | Tower, but it's larger than you'd normally use wood for
         | 
         | Grenfell Tower was constructed using pre-cast concrete blocks,
         | and was not timber framed [0]. The devastating fire [1] was due
         | to flammable aluminium composite cladding.
         | 
         | [0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grenfell_Tower
         | 
         | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grenfell_Tower_fire
        
         | fileeditview wrote:
         | Also funny if you consider we have "Fachwerkhauser" (Timber
         | framing houses) here in Germany which are up to about 800 years
         | old. I would be curious if this will hold true for concrete
         | houses in 500-800 years.
        
           | ByteJockey wrote:
           | If you build it right, sure. Some roman concrete structures
           | are still standing, and we've had better concrete than them
           | for at least 50-100 years.
           | 
           | That doesn't necessarily make building everything out of it
           | good, but concrete can definitely last a long time.
        
       | Grakel wrote:
       | So they're banning structures made of 100% biodegradable material
       | that offsets carbon as it grows and is planted exclusively for
       | this purpose, in favor of concrete and steel? Interesting.
        
         | userbinator wrote:
         | I still remember when the primary environmentalist movement was
         | "save the trees"; doesn't more wood use imply more
         | deforestation? The wood that's in buildings won't be capturing
         | CO2, it's the live trees that do.
        
           | frosted-flakes wrote:
           | No, because all or nearly all building lumber in the US and
           | Canada is sourced from sustainably-managed timber lots. In
           | other words, trees are re-planted, and clear-cutting is no
           | longer a common practice.
        
           | rp1 wrote:
           | Wood results from captured carbon. Live trees are captured
           | carbon, as is lumber. Dead trees decompose and release the
           | stored carbon back into the atmosphere. Wood used for lumber,
           | unless it's some exotic wood from the Amazon, is usually
           | sustainably harvested.
        
         | notjesse wrote:
         | The other thing is earthquake safety. Wood frame is often far
         | more resilient to sheer stress than concrete/brick. Concrete
         | can be reinforced to mitigate that, but I wonder how viable
         | that is for buildings on the scale of SFH, not major
         | developments.
        
           | roody15 wrote:
           | Can confirm lived on tbe Big Island of Hawaii for three
           | years. Almost all homes are made of wood with the houses
           | literally standing on top of the volcanic rock or cement
           | pilings. With frequent earthquakes (largest when I lived
           | there was 6.8) the houses literally move, shake and flex.
           | 
           | Concrete just cracks and then crumbles.
        
             | revolvingocelot wrote:
             | ...and then has to be rebuilt, by a concrete company!!
        
           | throwawaysea wrote:
           | It's not just about reinforcement (like rebar or steel
           | frames) but the concrete mix used. Even though it might not
           | look it, most concrete used in buildings is flexible. The
           | most earthquake proof building in SF is probably the
           | Salesforce tower, which has a concrete core, not a low height
           | timber framed house. Concrete has other great properties as
           | well - it is waterproof, doesn't rot, and is fireproof. On
           | the emissions side, you can get flexibility and lower
           | emissions by using newer air-crete mixes:
           | https://www.infrastructurist.com/what-is-flexible-concrete/
        
         | mrfusion wrote:
         | That's a shame. From a climate perspective you can't beat
         | building with wood.
         | 
         | Stuff like this makes the whole movement hard to take
         | seriously.
        
           | jefftk wrote:
           | This is funded by the concrete industry and the arguments are
           | about fire safety. I'm not seeing any climate arguments?
        
           | Grismar wrote:
           | "The movement" isn't exactly driven by Big Concrete to begin
           | with though. It shouldn't be a surprise to anyone that there
           | are a lot of people and businesses in the world that don't
           | give a damn about climate change. If there weren't, we
           | wouldn't be in this mess. "The movement" is trying to counter
           | them.
        
           | Avshalom wrote:
           | What movement, the concrete industry lobbying movement?
        
         | miohtama wrote:
         | > in favor of concrete and steel industries
         | 
         | Fixed that for you.
        
       | jweir wrote:
       | Meanwhile many other cities are exploring mass timber more and
       | more. This allow building larger snd taller buildings out of
       | timber.
       | 
       | I've seen a few lovely mass timber buildings built.
       | 
       | These are radically different than the stick frame construction
       | which is of dubious origins.
       | 
       | https://youtu.be/2gWxRVqNI3M
        
       | m0zg wrote:
       | Intresting that CA can be for the environment and for concrete
       | (which emits a lot of CO2 during its production [1]) _at the same
       | time_ somehow. Hypocrisy? Incompetence? Corruption? I'll let you
       | decide.
       | 
       | [1] https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-46455844
        
       | oconnore wrote:
       | > the motion would significantly increase the cost of
       | constructing housing in Los Angeles
       | 
       | NIMBYs at it again.
        
         | jayd16 wrote:
         | Increase for constructing single story housing, right? Do they
         | normally construct denser housing with wood? Seems silly to
         | mention NIMBYism when it pushes land use to more denser
         | options, no?
        
           | advisedwang wrote:
           | It's pretty common these days to build "five over one"
           | construction. This is typically a 3-6 floors of wood frame
           | construction (Type 5 in some codes) over 1 or two floors of
           | concrete (Type 1)[1]. It's a cheap way to build mid-rise
           | buildings which would be banned by this proposal.
           | 
           | [1] Sometimes this is explained as the "five over one"
           | meaning five floors of wood over one floor of concrete,
           | rather than a reference to building codes. Either way the
           | concept is the same.
        
             | lotsofpulp wrote:
             | They are called "one plus five" or one plus four":
             | 
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/One-plus-five
             | 
             | >The one-plus-five style of buildings exploded in
             | popularity in the 2010s, following a 2009 revision to the
             | United States-based International Building Code, which
             | allowed up to five stories of wood-framed construction.
        
         | kayodelycaon wrote:
         | Worse. It's to sell more concrete and steel buildings.
        
           | epistasis wrote:
           | It's a combination of both. NIMBYs love anything that makes
           | construction more expensive because it limits construction,
           | and also ensures that only the wealthiest can have housing,
           | further driving up the price of their primary asset: land.
        
             | JasonFruit wrote:
             | Do you mean _land_ or _real estate_? Because if it 's
             | harder and more costly to build on land, that should
             | decrease demand for it, and prices should fall. Demand for
             | already-improved land should rise, though.
        
               | epistasis wrote:
               | When there's a global limitation on what can be done with
               | land, it limits how much use can be achieved by any given
               | bit of land. The demand is still there, but it's met by
               | further and further out parcels of land, causing them to
               | go up drastically in value. In addition, this causes all
               | sorts of urban sprawl. Which is exactly what happened in
               | LA. They had a huge downzoning of the entire metro area
               | 50 years ago, driving up the prices of land everywhere,
               | to the benefit of suburban NIMBYs in sprawl.
               | 
               | TL;DR, when the use of land is broadly limited, on the
               | macro scale, the demand still exists and shifts the price
               | of all land up on the supply-demand curve. The dynamics
               | of limiting individual parcels or small sections of land
               | often have the opposite effect, though.
        
             | capableweb wrote:
             | And at the same time, increasing the amount of a particular
             | asset many in the US seems to love, at least based on the
             | policies in many places: homeless people.
        
       | cultofmetatron wrote:
       | does this apply to CLT as well? last I heard, CLT construction
       | holds up favorably when it comes to fire resistance while having
       | all the benefits of stick build construction.
        
       | mrfusion wrote:
       | Isn't wood the best material for earthquakes?
        
         | worker767424 wrote:
         | Dunno about the "best," but it's a very good material because
         | it flexes under load. Unreinforced masonry is probably the
         | worst.
        
         | ummonk wrote:
         | Metal is better, but it's an expensive building material. Wood
         | is the best of the reasonably affordable building materials.
        
         | shiftpgdn wrote:
         | From my understanding it is significantly easier to have a wood
         | frame house meet earthquake based code requirements in
         | California than anything else.
        
       | yholio wrote:
       | A very detailed write-up of this topic, with extensive research
       | and citations:
       | 
       | https://constructionphysics.substack.com/p/wood-construction...
       | 
       | Conclusions:
       | 
       | -> Overall, it seems like wood construction does somewhat
       | increase the potential risk of fire, mostly by allowing fires
       | that do occur to be somewhat deadlier and more destructive.
       | However, this effect is mostly swamped by other factors such as
       | what state and city you live in, or whether you live in a house
       | or an apartment. For a wood apartment in Salt Lake City, the risk
       | of fire is vanishingly small; for a wood single family home in a
       | tiny town in Arkansas, it's much larger.
       | 
       | -> The most important factor for fire risk in a home is whether
       | or not it's sprinklered. Fire sprinklers reduce the risk of fire
       | by an enormous amount, and sprinklered wood construction seems to
       | perform about as well as sprinklered non-combustible
       | construction. And sprinklers are cheap, costing about $1-2 per
       | square foot (much less than it would cost to say, change a wood
       | house to concrete).
       | 
       | -> For wildfires specifically, we see something similar -
       | construction details such as fire protected eaves and class A
       | roofs, along with things like community density, matter far more
       | than whether your home is wood or steel.
        
       | kevin_b_er wrote:
       | This is published by an organization known for deceit. Thus,
       | everything they write should be taken with a grain of salt with
       | the full knowledge they engage in deceitful misinformation
       | practices for the purpose of political action.
       | 
       | https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Pacific_Research_Insti...
        
         | car wrote:
         | Yeah, empty about page is a red flag. And then this: _"It's a
         | relief that Americans oppose Congress's drug pricing proposals
         | once voters learn the true consequences of these misguided
         | reforms," said Sally C. Pipes, the brief's co-author and PRI
         | president, CEO, and Thomas W. Smith Fellow in Health Care
         | Policy."_
        
         | jefftk wrote:
         | It looks like they've gotten the facts right in this case;
         | https://urbanize.city/la/post/los-angeles-wildfire-wood-cons...
         | has similar coverage from several months ago.
         | 
         | That this would make new housing more expensive, isn't
         | generally viewed as necessary for fire safety, and is funded by
         | the concrete industry, don't seem to be disputed?
        
           | wpietri wrote:
           | How do we know that this source is better? I can't find
           | anything on their site about ownership.
        
         | yuliyp wrote:
         | Is there something that you actually believe is deceitful here?
         | Is it the analysis of the impact of expanding the Fire
         | District? Is it the data about the impact on building costs? Is
         | it the claims about whether wood-framed buildings are safe
         | enough?
         | 
         | Refusing to read and consider arguments from people you
         | disagree with isn't a particularly useful strategy for gaining
         | knowledge about a topic.
        
           | wpietri wrote:
           | This isn't about disagreement. If somebody sincerely,
           | honestly, and without conflict of interest has something to
           | say on a topic, I'm interested. Especially if they have done
           | some hard work around understanding and acknowledging other
           | perspectives.
           | 
           | On the other hand, there are a lot of people out their paid
           | to create and push propaganda. As a general rule, one
           | shouldn't engage with it. If even the writer may not believe
           | something, one isn't obliged to take it seriously. Indeed, I
           | think it's a frequently exploited mistake to bring more
           | credulity and good faith to something than the source itself
           | does.
           | 
           | Much better to spend one's time finding reasonably sincere
           | sources and reading those.
        
           | JumpCrisscross wrote:
           | > _Is it the claims about whether wood-framed buildings are
           | safe enough?_
           | 
           | This one, for me. I know nothing about it. Without further
           | information, I wouldn't want to conclude anything from a
           | biased source (other than noting that the issue exists).
        
         | ladberg wrote:
         | There's a similar article by a more trustworthy source, so I'd
         | definitely believe it:
         | 
         | http://www.betterinstitutions.com/blog/2021/6/13/dont-expand...
         | 
         | You can also just read the proposal yourself and draw your own
         | conclusions:
         | 
         | https://clkrep.lacity.org/onlinedocs/2019/19-0603_mot_06-05-...
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | JoshTko wrote:
       | Cali is progressive unless it's about real estate.
        
         | colechristensen wrote:
         | "Progressive" but not necessarily based on reason.
        
           | coolso wrote:
           | Do the two ever go hand in hand?
        
       | b20000 wrote:
       | good, now maybe we'll get decent quality houses instead of garden
       | sheds in CA. maybe something can be done too about all the shitty
       | little craftsman shacks that are being flipped by entitled
       | boomers looking to get a piece of your tech salaries.
        
       | wayfarer1291 wrote:
       | For earthquake reasons alone this is completely insane, and
       | clearly a blatant attempt at regulatory capture by the concrete
       | association. Just asinine.
       | 
       | For most of LA (apart perhaps from certain canyons and hill
       | areas) the risk of fire is not significantly different from
       | anywhere else. It's a cityscape. Earthquakes however are an
       | omnipresent threat and wood frame buildings in general do far
       | better. For example - many of the concrete buildings built along
       | Wilshire blvd. in the westside may not survive a big quake.
        
       | ajsnigrutin wrote:
       | I live in a small eu country... wood-framed housing is
       | practically non-existant here. Not sure why, but we always joke
       | about american houses, that are made out of "cardboard", where
       | you hammer a nail to hang a picture, and break through the wall.
        
         | akvadrako wrote:
         | Huh? You can't hammer a nail to hang a picture at all into a
         | concrete wall. And it's pretty shitty with masonry too.
        
           | ajsnigrutin wrote:
           | Yeah, you drill a hole, and put one of those plastic achoors
           | inside, and screw a scew in, and hand a photo on the screw.
           | 
           | Our old-school socialist apartment buildings even have
           | internal walls built out of reinforced concrete... drilling a
           | whole to pull an ethernet cable through, means hoping for
           | luck not to hit rebar
        
             | akvadrako wrote:
             | That isn't nailing. You can also drill for anchors in
             | drywall and it doesn't require a hammer drill.
        
             | scatters wrote:
             | You can't use a stud finder?
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | mschuster91 wrote:
               | These don't work for stuff deep inside walls.
        
               | MertsA wrote:
               | Actually they make variants of stud finders to locate
               | rebar in foundations and walls.
               | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E8Qn3Eu87h4
        
         | advisedwang wrote:
         | As someone who has lived in the US and Europe, I have made
         | similar jokes. That said I've come to realize there's many
         | advantages to the US way and in some respects the house I grew
         | up in was massively overbuild:
         | 
         | Advantages of timber frame:
         | 
         | * Safer in earthquake * Easier to do remodeling tasks like
         | changing layouts, plumbing, wiring * Easier to DIY * Cheaper
         | 
         | Most of the apparent disadvantages can be offset:
         | 
         | * I've never seen it happen, but you are right drywall is
         | easily damaged. It's also easily replaced though. * Noise and
         | thermal insulation can be added * Flammability is mitigated
         | with firestops, fire resistant drywall and codes that require
         | multiple points of egress. Larger wood buildings have
         | sprinklers.
         | 
         | At this point I mostly have aesthetic complaints.
        
           | lotsofpulp wrote:
           | Drywall+wood also lets wireless signals through easier.
        
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