[HN Gopher] Ask HN: How do I gauge the value of stock options th...
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       Ask HN: How do I gauge the value of stock options that I have been
       offered?
        
       Throwaway for obvious reason.  I've been working at the current
       startup for a little more than 4 years and was offered total around
       400,000 options. It requires another 4 years to fully vest those
       400k options.  We raised totally about $10M and have about 55M
       shares outstanding. Our current 409A value is $0.07. The company is
       going to raise series A in the next 15 months.  My cash comp is
       around $60k. I have another offer at $120k.  Should I stay at
       current company for options in the next 4 years or should I join
       the new one (pure cash, no options)?  What questions should I ask
       the founders to be able to gauge these?
        
       Author : throwaway_9989
       Score  : 13 points
       Date   : 2021-11-21 19:26 UTC (3 hours ago)
        
       | alexpetralia wrote:
       | Leave yesterday.
        
       | byoung2 wrote:
       | Your cash comp is low...they can't pay market rate after 4 years?
       | The options are probably worthless, go for the salary at a new
       | place. You missed out on $60k x 4 years.
        
       | lacker wrote:
       | Here is an optimistic way to calculate. If there are 55M shares
       | outstanding, then 400,000 options represents about 0.7% of the
       | company. You need to make your own estimate for how much the
       | company is worth right now. If the company raised around $10M
       | total, then knowing nothing else, a reasonable guess is that the
       | company is worth about $40M total. That would make the underlying
       | stock of your options worth about $280k, you can subtract the
       | cost to exercise, maybe it ends up being a bit lower like $240k.
       | It's over four years, so that's roughly $60k a year.
       | 
       | So, even in the optimistic case, your option package isn't that
       | great. Your company is offering a pretty low cash comp, and
       | unsurprisingly, they're also offering a low option comp. A good
       | company would offer more to someone even with zero years of
       | experience (assuming you're a software engineer). And this is an
       | optimistic evaluation where you really believe in the startup.
       | Your comp is low, ask for a bigger raise or just switch jobs
       | unless you really like it there.
        
         | gruez wrote:
         | >You need to make your own estimate for how much the company is
         | worth right now. If the company raised around $10M total, then
         | knowing nothing else, a reasonable guess is that the company is
         | worth about $40M total. That would make the underlying stock of
         | your options worth about $280k, you can subtract the cost to
         | exercise, maybe it ends up being a bit lower like $240k.
         | 
         | If those options are ISOs, then their exercise price is almost
         | certainly going to be equal to the 409A valuation, which means
         | they're worth $0 upfront[1] and gain value as the company grows
         | more valuable. Since you only make money if the company's value
         | goes up, it's almost impossible to accurately assign a value to
         | it.
         | 
         | [1] I use "worth" loosely here. More accurately they have
         | intrinsic value of $0 upfront (maybe a bit more because the
         | company has grown since the last 409A), and some hard-to-
         | determine time value. see:
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Option_(finance)#Basic_decompo...
        
       | holonomically wrote:
       | If you don't believe the company will be successful then you're
       | admitting the options are worthless. The whole point of stock
       | options is to align incentives but if you don't think the company
       | will be successful then it doesn't matter how you crunch the
       | numbers. You might as well go get a job with a high salary.
        
       | chris11 wrote:
       | There's guides out for evaluating startup equity. Here's a
       | couple. https://www.holloway.com/g/equity-compensation
       | https://manual.withcompound.com/manual-company-equity/unders...
       | 
       | I don't agree you should assume equity as worthless. Especially
       | for larger vc funded startups. But equity can get complicated,
       | and it's possible for a company to have an exit and for you to
       | lose money. But the majority of early stage start ups will fail.
       | 
       | Though the $120k offer seems much better. Could you negotiate
       | equity or improve salary? 100k*.07 means they are giving you the
       | option to buy 7k worth of equity a year. You are giving up 60k a
       | year in lost salary to do that. So your equity would need to
       | about 10x before you make up the lost salary.
        
       | artfulhippo wrote:
       | Controversial take: as an insider, you are in a strong position
       | to determine the value of the options. Is your company under- or
       | overvalued? Is your product better or worse than people think? Is
       | the company culture and morale greater or lesser than average?
       | Are you excited to get up in the morning or do you dread each
       | moment of work? Do you care about the content of your work, the
       | field that your in, solving your customers problems, or are you
       | interested only in your own engineering problems? Are business
       | decisions made primarily by ego, the boss's gut, office politics,
       | or do good data and clear explanations win arguments regardless
       | of who makes them?
       | 
       | Startups are high risk, especially if you have all your eggs in 1
       | basket. Whether it's reasonable to take the risk depends on data
       | points that only you can ascertain.
       | 
       | The hard part is being honest with yourself. If you've invested 4
       | years into this job, you surely have emotional attachments to it
       | that transcend economics. Feelings of loyalty are good and
       | normal. One key question to ask is how much loyalty do the
       | founders feel to you? Would it be hard for them to replace you?
       | Do they treat you with respect and camaraderie or like a machine
       | that produces algorithms? Are they competent, inspiring people
       | that you learn from, or "idea guys" who are good at pitching but
       | not much else? If you were the CEO, would you hire them?
       | 
       | Just a few of the questions I would ask myself in your shoes.
        
         | TimTheTinker wrote:
         | Fully agreed. Posts saying they're "worth $0" are most likely
         | to be accurate if you take the average early-stage startup
         | (most fail).
         | 
         | But as an insider, you have the ability to uniquely gauge
         | whether this is an "average" startup, or one where truly
         | thoughtful, innovative, honest, humble people are working hard
         | for a dream that, from your vantage point, has a good chance of
         | panning out, even modestly.
         | 
         | I will say that your $60k compensation isn't a good sign,
         | though. It signals that the engineers they've hired either (1)
         | are great engineers and they really, _really_ believe in the
         | future of the company, or (2) aren 't that great. You can
         | probably gauge which is the case for yourself, but across all
         | low-paying startups, (1) would be a very rare case, and (2)
         | would be far more likely.
        
       | exolymph wrote:
       | Don't. Options are a lottery ticket, and if this were a hot
       | startup they'd be paying you $100k+ in addition to those options.
       | Get out.
       | 
       | For perspective, I make more than you (in cash) as a community
       | manager / content-marketing person at a pre-A startup.
        
       | fdgsdfogijq wrote:
       | General rule of thumb for any early stage startup, is if you are
       | not a founder, or C level employee getting multiple single digit
       | equity percentages, use this equation:
       | 
       | $VALUE_OF_EQUITY_GRANT * 0 = 0$
       | 
       | seriously. value it at 0
        
       | vb6sp6 wrote:
       | Zero dollars
        
       | pontifk8r wrote:
       | Seems like you should have been fully vested from any original
       | grants by now. So, 8 year vesting, plus the low salary? Hope you
       | are learning things that will position you for success in your
       | next role.
        
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       (page generated 2021-11-21 23:02 UTC)