[HN Gopher] Upgrading the soldered-on RAM of a Dell XPS13 7390 l...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Upgrading the soldered-on RAM of a Dell XPS13 7390 laptop
        
       Author : _Microft
       Score  : 441 points
       Date   : 2021-11-21 01:20 UTC (21 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (gregdavill.github.io)
 (TXT) w3m dump (gregdavill.github.io)
        
       | curiousgal wrote:
       | That was as a great read!
       | 
       | > _So as a final step I fired up memtest86._
       | 
       | I held my breath as I vaguely remember something about memtest86
       | causing hardware issues back in the day but I am not sure if I am
       | remembering it correctly.
        
         | bsder wrote:
         | memtest86 doesn't cause issues but it sure _finds_ them.
         | 
         | You can have a computer that is nominally "working fine" and
         | memtest86 can still find issues.
         | 
         | And, to be fair, memtest86 was always right.
        
       | ww520 wrote:
       | The soldered RAM dissuaded me from buying a XPS13. My 6 year old
       | T460s is dying after one too many drops. The XPS13 and Thinkpad
       | X1 Carbon are the final choices for replacement, but all of them
       | have soldered RAM and cannot be upgraded. Also the XPS13 keyboard
       | is worse than the Thankpad (why don't Dell fix the PgUp/PgDown
       | layout?). Finally I settled on the AMD Ryzen 7 Pro based T14. The
       | RAM is expandable. And the CPU performance is double of the i7!
       | It's cheaper even after max out on 4k display and ssd drive.
        
         | grumpyprole wrote:
         | It's not as simple as soldered versus socketed. There are no
         | DIMMs for low power LPDDR4 RAM, so if you buy a machine with
         | DIMMs, the battery life is slightly worse. This is especially
         | noticeable when the machine is sleeping. I just buy twice the
         | RAM I really need, to help future proof it. Although the
         | disadvantage of this is that one is often forced into buying
         | hotter and noiser Intel chips.
        
           | ww520 wrote:
           | Very good information to know. The model I picked has 16gb
           | soldered RAM (hopefully LPDDR4?) and the expandable socket,
           | allowing up to 96gb. Most xps13 and x1 models have 16gb
           | soldered. Only one model of either has 32gb max.
        
             | grumpyprole wrote:
             | The T14 has DDR4 RAM instead of LPDDR4, in order that it
             | can support DIMMs. Even the soldered portion will still be
             | DDR4. The X1 has LPDDR4.
        
       | postit wrote:
       | It's interesting to see that nowadays reballing has the same
       | exoteric feeling as desoldering your C64 chips back then.
        
       | analognoise wrote:
       | Where did they find the schematics and it looks like Allegro
       | design files - not even gerbers.
       | 
       | Where can we grab those from??
        
         | userbinator wrote:
         | Search for "Compal LA-H931P". I didn't look too hard but there
         | are some places selling them, although you'll probably find a
         | free download (possibly needing to register on a forum) if you
         | look enough.
        
       | Taniwha wrote:
       | I've been to Shenzhen and seen (been taught) how they reball BGAs
       | for phones in the markets, none of that futzing about with solder
       | balls - they just clean the pads on the chips, re-tin them, lots
       | of flux, then place the steel pad stencil over the top of the
       | pads, spread solder paste over and through the holes, wipe off
       | any excess then hit it with some hot air until you see the balls
       | form, if you do it right the stencil will just pop off (don't
       | push it)
        
         | burnte wrote:
         | Thanks so much for this, I always assumed I was bad at
         | stenciling but I see I was just doing it wrong. I was spreading
         | the paste then pulling it up, not heating it first as I assumed
         | the sldier would melt onto the steel stencil. Thanks!
        
           | Taniwha wrote:
           | It may if you get the stencil hot enough, you have to watch
           | the solder
        
         | jacquesm wrote:
         | Any video of this particular trick?
        
           | Taniwha wrote:
           | Here's an example:
           | 
           | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=alQq74uWJJA
        
             | jacquesm wrote:
             | Thank you, very elegant and nice no nonsense video as well.
             | Great tip!
        
         | csdvrx wrote:
         | For smaller numbers of connections, you don't even need a
         | stencil if you how to use surface tension and have a fine
         | tipped soldering iron.
        
           | Taniwha wrote:
           | Yup, the trick though is you want some way to get all the
           | pads balled to roughly the same height - otherwise when you
           | heat it to solder it and the chip floats on the pads one or
           | two may be too high to make contact ... or there's too much
           | solder and it squeezes out and causes a hidden short.
           | 
           | The process of filling each hole in the stencil with the same
           | amount of solder and carefully scraping any excess off of the
           | top effectively adds the same amount to each ball
        
             | csdvrx wrote:
             | > Yup, the trick though is you want some way to get all the
             | pads balled to roughly the same height -
             | 
             | I see you are familiar with the method :)
             | 
             | Here's another "ghetto BGA reball" trick if that happens:
             | lower the temperature of your iron to make the "pseudo
             | balls" that are too big thinner by drawing some paste away
             | into a vertical line extending up : let it cool down and
             | just trim it to length with nail clippers.
             | 
             | You can get balls again by rewarming a bit - ideally with a
             | special IR heater to avoid pushing the balls away by the
             | flow of air coming from a hot hairgun, but in a pinch a
             | regular oven can do the job (prebake to temp of course)
        
             | aledalgrande wrote:
             | that reminds me of when I tried to soldier an extra chip on
             | my PS1 and instead pulled up an original one oops
        
           | Laforet wrote:
           | Letting people know you could pull this off eventually leads
           | to the inevitable assignment in which you need to solder a
           | dozen of NAND chips in some obscure package that nobody seems
           | to have a stencil for :) Oh and the deadline is 24 hours
           | away.
        
             | csdvrx wrote:
             | Exactly why I'm only saying that anonymously here on HN :)
             | 
             | FYI, I also do some SMD by hand. It's not very hard with
             | leaded paste. It's a very practical skill to have when you
             | only use it for yourself and a few select friends (read:
             | not colleagues!)
        
               | skinkestek wrote:
               | Good thing we can reach you through GitHub ;-)
               | 
               | Half joking, if you have forgotten that you added that
               | link here's your chance to remove it B-)
        
               | csdvrx wrote:
               | And... it's gone now! (Thanks for reminding me BTW)
               | 
               | I prefer keeping a low profile. Because I like speaking
               | my mind freely, which I might not do if my account was
               | linked to my name.
        
               | dkdk8283 wrote:
               | You can never be too careful, you can get cancelled for
               | thoughts that go against groupthink.
        
             | rasz wrote:
             | Sounds profitable, whats the problem?
             | 
             | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I4m0LoGx7Qo
             | 
             | you can also go one ball at a time
             | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LrXL1uGs0vU
        
             | dogma1138 wrote:
             | If you dealing with these kinds of jobs you either get a
             | generic stencil and use a kapton tape as a mask or you
             | invest in a laser cutter capable of cutting stencils in a
             | half/quarter of a mil stainless sheet.
             | 
             | Also RoHS goes out of the window and you use a leaded tin
             | which makes your life so much easier, as well as usually
             | guarantees a longer life time for the fix because it's far
             | more ductile after soldering.
        
               | dkdk8283 wrote:
               | Unleaded solder is awful, sadly.
        
       | znpy wrote:
       | Or: get a dell latitude 7390 instead of dell the xps 7390 and
       | upgrade to 32gb by just swapping a ram stick.
        
       | stavros wrote:
       | This writeup is excellent. I wish I could work my hot air gun...
       | I'll need to watch some videos, I think.
        
       | pabs3 wrote:
       | I feel like the RAM quantity on laptops hasn't really increased
       | much over time, anyone know if that is true and what is driving
       | it?
        
         | mixmastamyk wrote:
         | Very few people need any more. There's also chip shortages of
         | various durations.
        
         | forinti wrote:
         | I recently bought a new laptop for my son. One of my main
         | concerns was upgradeability, so I had to discard a lot of
         | models with soldered-on RAM.
         | 
         | It really struck me how many laptops are still coming out with
         | 4GB of RAM, which is simply not enough nowadays. Also, many
         | vendors hide or make it difficult to know how much RAM you can
         | add.
        
         | kasabali wrote:
         | Because contrary to popular belief, RAM prices haven't really
         | declined in the last decade [1]
         | 
         | 1.
         | https://secureservercdn.net/166.62.107.55/ff6.d53.myftpuploa...
        
         | tristanperry wrote:
         | Yep true, although it's not just laptops. I often see 'high end
         | editing PCs' with 16GB of RAM, which is possibly sufficient for
         | 1080p editing, but nowhere near enough for 4K editing for
         | multiple programs open.
         | 
         | I guess it's similar to how some laptops/budget desktops still
         | have hard drives, even though an SSD wouldn't cost much more
         | but it'd offer great performance benefits.
        
         | crossroadsguy wrote:
         | Laptop makers are making sure people are locked in with less
         | RAM so that they'll buy another laptop soon.
         | 
         | Both my last laptops were made obsolete only by less RAM.
        
           | lotsofpulp wrote:
           | Or one can look at the anemic and declining profit figures
           | for laptop makers (other than Apple) and come to the
           | conclusion that they are desperately trying to compete by
           | trying to meet their customer's price points.
        
           | Gigachad wrote:
           | I very much doubt this is the reason. Soldered on ram lowers
           | the cost of the device, makes it thinner, and improves the
           | reliability. At the cost of upgradability. Since the average
           | user never upgraded the ram when they had the ability to, its
           | purely a win for most users.
        
             | Zak wrote:
             | It also allows the manufacturer to charge users who want
             | more RAM higher prices. They often charge much more than
             | the street price of DIMMs.
        
           | fock wrote:
           | same here...
        
       | vwoolf wrote:
       | Either way, does it sleep or hibernate effectively?
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=28639952
        
         | burnte wrote:
         | I have the 9310 and it sleeps perfectly. I'd close it and toss
         | it in the felt sleeve I have for it for a while before that
         | warning came out, mine Just Works.
        
           | eulers_secret wrote:
           | Same experience here (9310, Kubuntu 21.10), but I really miss
           | S3. I hope I can go back on my next laptop...
        
       | mrtweetyhack wrote:
       | loser
        
       | userbinator wrote:
       | _It passed through 4 passes of all it's tests without issue!_
       | 
       | Personally I would go for at least 10 or more --- sometimes
       | intermittent memory errors show up after an extended amount of
       | time. I usually leave memory tests on new (to me) hardware
       | running over a weekend. I wonder if the Rowhammer tests find
       | anything? This is LPDDR3 so might be affected, but I don't know
       | how to read Hynix datecodes. (<2010 is usually not, 2010-2011 is
       | questionable, 2012 and newer definitely rowhammer-vulnerable.)
        
       | pajko wrote:
       | Tried to do the same with a Toshiba AC-100. Have thrown it out at
       | the moment I have realized that they just did not route the extra
       | address line which would made the chip swapping possible. 512MB
       | RAM was not enough for anything back then, even my phone had
       | more...
        
       | kolleykibber wrote:
       | >Lastly, and this is definitely overkill. I had a dentist take an
       | xray of the new and old parts.
       | 
       | Is this a friend? Or would any dentist consider this for a fee?
       | 
       | I'll be broaching this subject at my upcoming clean and polish.
        
         | wolrah wrote:
         | MSP for a bunch of dental offices here.
         | 
         | The number of times I've xrayed my car key fob or cell phone
         | when testing out the digital xray sensors after a new PC
         | install at a client site can't even be counted.
         | 
         | If they have a digital xray system it'd take literally seconds
         | and cost them nothing, so if you have a good relationship with
         | them you can probably do it.
        
       | jacquesm wrote:
       | Nice, I really like how they left the 'Dell, proprietary' in
       | place :)
       | 
       | It's interesting that a board schematic has apparently left Dell,
       | is that sort of thing common?
       | 
       | It also would be quite hilarious to return the machine to Dell
       | for servicing, I think they would be quite confused.
        
         | csdvrx wrote:
         | It's quite usual for laptops if you know where to look for.
         | 
         | Before buying I usually check schematics, as they are often
         | more precise than the specs (say, about PCIe lanes assignment,
         | to avoid bad surprises)
        
           | rootsudo wrote:
           | Where would one go to look? Would love to review old
           | schematics, specifically the XPS 9350, 9343... and macbooks!
        
             | userbinator wrote:
             | XPS 9350 - Compal LA-C881P
             | 
             | XPS 9343 - Compal LA-B441P
             | 
             | Macbooks - there have been a ton of different models,
             | search the exact model number (e.g. A1181) and "schematic".
        
               | fock wrote:
               | so, what terms are there for, say a Lenovo T440s? While
               | these search terms work, I have a hard time to come up
               | with them (same goes for mobile phones, TVs,...)
        
               | rasz wrote:
               | STING UMA / VIVL0 NM-A102, most likely Wistron like the
               | rest of thinkpads.
        
           | [deleted]
        
         | userbinator wrote:
         | Tons of (I guess they are leaked) schematics are available for
         | laptops, phones, and related electronics. Dell didn't do the
         | motherboard design; the OEM is Compal and as you can see from
         | the motherboard, its actual model is LA-H931P.
        
           | DeathArrow wrote:
           | >Dell didn't do the motherboard design; the OEM is Compal and
           | as you can see from the motherboard, its actual model is
           | LA-H931P.
           | 
           | That begs two questions:
           | 
           | 1. You can find that mainboard in other manufacturers laptops
           | or it is just made for Dell?
           | 
           | 2. It is Dell just integrating bits and pieces designed by
           | others?
        
             | formerly_proven wrote:
             | No / Yes
             | 
             | This is a normal thing. The brand makes a spec sheet and
             | the supplier (OEM/ODM) builds something to that spec. For
             | some reason in automotive circles the brands are called
             | OEMs, which is kinda the opposite of the usual meaning.
             | 
             | The schematics for almost all popular laptops are floating
             | around in the internet.
        
               | userbinator wrote:
               | Yes, indeed most of the popular brands of laptops people
               | are familiar with don't do their own electronic design
               | (except Apple, since their schematics do actually say
               | Apple on them; but then everyone knows they use Foxconn
               | and others for the manufacturing). More details here:
               | https://ctacs.weebly.com/news--articles/will-your-next-
               | lapto...
               | 
               | The OEM model numbering isn't segregated, so e.g. the
               | LA-H931P is the Dell in the article, but a LA-3481P is a
               | Tohsiba Satellite A200 and LA-8133P is a Lenovo Thinkpad
               | E530.
        
         | saxonww wrote:
         | I found myself wondering what is actually lost if schematics
         | like this get out. Are companies worried about
         | counterfeit/copycat product? Are there major differences in
         | layout skill across the industry, such that Compal would want
         | to prevent people learning from them? It looks like Dell was
         | entitled to the schematics, so it shouldn't be that a customer
         | could cut out the vendor.
         | 
         | I'm sure it's not about preventing competent people from doing
         | this kind of service on hardware they've bought. Is it more
         | about making warranties work? Or something else?
        
           | userbinator wrote:
           | My guess is that it's due to NDAs on the reference designs
           | (from Intel) that these were originally derived from, and due
           | to legal bureaucracy and such that no one wants to challenge,
           | so they're "confidential" by default.
           | 
           | If you've looked at other schematics from Compal, Inventec,
           | Quanta, Wistron etc. they all have their own uniquely
           | distinct style, but otherwise for a given platform they are
           | all electrically very similar.
        
             | DaiPlusPlus wrote:
             | How does it benefit Intel to keep reference designs
             | confidential?
        
               | wildzzz wrote:
               | Because they only give you the design if you plan to buy
               | a bunch of chips and pay them for support. It's a way to
               | make money. Additionally, keeping the reference design
               | under NDA reduces the risk of someone building an chip
               | that is drop in compatible with Intel boards.
        
               | zargon wrote:
               | Intel is super secretive about everything, just because.
        
               | userbinator wrote:
               | They used to be far more open; I guess that was before
               | the lawyers and manager-types started taking over the
               | company. Here's the famous 440BX reference schematics:
               | 
               | https://web.archive.org/web/19991010005207/http://www.int
               | el....
               | 
               | Here are all of them, it looks like they started being
               | closed with the 900 series chipsets; the 800 series (P4
               | era) were the last ones they offered plenty of
               | documentation openly:
               | 
               | https://web.archive.org/web/20040823181302/http://develop
               | er....
        
               | mschuster91 wrote:
               | Keep data sheets and reference designs confidential and
               | your only customers will be large-volume companies able
               | to shell out serious dollars upfront and with enough
               | competent staff on hand.
               | 
               | Hobbyists and small shops who require more assistance in
               | getting up to speed are left to the scraps that the
               | Raspberry Pi Foundation throws at us.
               | 
               | Sorry for the sarcasm, but the situation really REALLY
               | sucks and no one seems to care about it.
        
       | winternett wrote:
       | Funny I just saw this thread, today I learned that my integrated
       | (not removeable) XPS 15 9570 laptop battery just died just a few
       | months after my warranty expired on my Dell XPS laptop... The
       | Internet is littered with complaints about dell PCs failing after
       | warranty, and how recalls are covered up on them frequently.
       | 
       | And my XPS desktop had faulty connections on it's mother board
       | (That were known by Dell even before I bought it) for the Hard
       | Drive controller that I discovered just after the warranty
       | replacement expired on it... 2 problems that lead to costly
       | repair and buying expensive replacement parts.... I have a 10
       | year old Dell XPS 16 that still runs (granted only windows7), but
       | I never had any problems with it.... XPS quality has declined
       | greatly since my first one.
       | 
       | The standard 1 year warranty isn't enough for the way Dell
       | computers have become shoddy, I'm deeply disappointed in Dell,
       | and will not be buying any more of them... I don't have time to
       | build my own, does anyone know a rock solid/powerful brand I can
       | buy instead of Dell? I kind of miss Micron PCs.
        
         | DeathArrow wrote:
         | >does anyone know a rock solid/powerful brand I can buy instead
         | of Dell? I kind of miss Micron PCs.
         | 
         | I've had good experiences with HP Elitebook x360.
        
           | Lhiw wrote:
           | Lenovo or framework. Lenovo gets worse every year but it's
           | still better than dell or any other consumer garbage.
        
           | Gigachad wrote:
           | The newest Macbooks (2021) are looking pretty good tbh. They
           | reworked the design to make the battery trivially replaceable
           | and by the looks of it, they will be selling the battery to
           | end users soon.
        
             | iSnow wrote:
             | But battery is about the only thing you can replace. If
             | your trackpad or keyboard fails, you have to swap out the
             | whole top assembly. If your camera or display cable goes,
             | you have to replace the lid.
             | 
             | Part of that is unavoidable as laptops become ever more
             | thin, but I am reasonably sure Apple could make the
             | keyboard replaceable.
        
               | Tsiklon wrote:
               | I recall on the older machines that they had upwards of
               | 60 screws holding the keyboard into the top panel. I've
               | not checked out a teardown in a long time, is that still
               | the case or is it riveted in?
               | 
               | I always suspected that 60+ screw solution was very much
               | over engineered but I guess they wanted to eliminate any
               | potential for flex of any sort.
        
           | semi-extrinsic wrote:
           | Depending on model, I guess. My 2 year old x360 has so bad
           | airflow for cooling that I've had multiple "meltdowns" if I
           | forget to put a spacer underneath it. Basically the whole
           | thing shuts down and won't boot again for an hour, and the
           | underside is painfully hot. A pencil underneath the screen
           | hinge works best for keeping enough airflow to avoid this.
           | 
           | The first time it had a meltdown, my touchpad stopped working
           | completely, so I went with an external mouse. Second time,
           | the touchpad melted itself back into place I guess, so now it
           | works again.
        
         | joseluis wrote:
         | another crappy experience with a Dell xps15 9575... the feeling
         | of a laptop built to quickly auto desintegrate, with crappy
         | components, bad BT/wifi module, very unreliable touchpad,
         | butter screws... everything sucked ass. I remember also not
         | being able to use the laptop 90 degrees on its side to see a
         | movie for example because the keyboard would stop working and
         | the fan would start to run at max speed. that was the worst
         | laptop I've ever had and the most expensive too. never again
         | dell for me.
         | 
         | after that I bought a custom 14 inch laptop in pcspecialist
         | back when they still had amd ryzen models (Ryzen 7 4800H 8
         | cores, 64 Gb ram, no preinstalled OS...) which is the best
         | laptop I've ever had in my entire life. It's been complete
         | opposite experience in terms of enjoyment and reliability, with
         | very few issues using Linux (my only complain the inability to
         | put to sleep, because it messes up the video after waking up
         | even with the latest kernel).
        
           | DeathArrow wrote:
           | Thanks for mentioning Pcspecialist. They seem to be making
           | nice laptops which are aren't more costly than brand names
           | such as HP or Dell or Lenovo.
        
         | mikepurvis wrote:
         | Fellow 9570 user here; I upgraded my RAM, but my biggest
         | complaint with it by far is around power management. Even
         | running Windows 10 and nothing "weird" as far as VMs or
         | whatever, it feels like I get completely unpredictable battery
         | life-- sometimes it's 6 hours no problem, other times it's at
         | 50% after just an hour. Most troubling still is that I've had
         | multiple instances of bringing the computer out of sleep after
         | it was sitting on the charger, and then a moment later it goes
         | into a battery panic and shuts itself down. But then after
         | rebooting (on external power), it shows the battery as full
         | again and doesn't charge any further.
         | 
         | I basically can't depend on the computer to be usable on
         | battery unless I fully shut it down when I know it's full.
        
           | exikyut wrote:
           | I've read/heard enough Internet anecdata to be >50% confident
           | you're experiencing issues associated with "modern standby",
           | most current implementations of which are horribly broken
           | (both, IIUC, in terms of bad/nonexistent Linux support, _and_
           | broken Windows experiences).
           | 
           | A quick google found https://www.notebookcheck.net/Dell-
           | backtracks-on-XPS-15-9570..., which notes that the BIOS
           | removed S3 sleep support (the standby method used since the
           | dinosaurs) in version 1.3.0. The suggestion might be actively
           | harmful, impossible, void your warranty, irrelevant for
           | reason(s) I'm not aware of, or any combination thereof, but I
           | wonder what would happen if you downgraded the BIOS to that
           | version. (Once again, this suggestion is the equivalent of
           | blindly reaching into a Pandora's box full of piranhas,
           | pulling the first thing out I touch, and going "hmm, would
           | this work?" :D)
           | 
           | In any case, googling around for "modern standby" and "s3"
           | (ie, "9570 s3") will reveal the debacle behind the curtain
           | ._.
           | 
           | Edit: Found https://www.dell.com/community/XPS/XPS-15-9570-BI
           | OS-1-3-0-sl... which adds some interesting insight ("The
           | issue is the following"), along with https://www.dell.com/com
           | munity/XPS/XPS-15-9570-BIOS-1-3-0-sl... (BIOS downgrade
           | blocked starting at 1.4.0) :(
        
             | csdvrx wrote:
             | About a year ago, I wanted to work around BIOS limitations
             | by writing patched ACPI tables, like what was done for a
             | long time for Hackintoshes.
             | 
             | So I documented in more detail my finding for the 9250/7275
             | on https://www.reddit.com/r/Dell/comments/kolf5f/patching_t
             | he_d...
             | 
             | I got in touch with a few other people, but nobody seemed
             | very interested, so I gave up and got myself a Thinkpad
             | instead.
             | 
             | If you want to work on that, on a BIOS advertising S3
             | support, IIRC all you need to do is keep the EC powered so
             | it can proceed the GPE from the power power button. On S01x
             | it's powered off to avoid spurious wakeups.
             | 
             | Get the schematics, disassemble the BIOS, and you'll the
             | logic would be about as complicated as:
             | 
             | if (S01x) { EC_poweroff; }
             | 
             | else { EC_powered; EC_monitor_GPE_something; }
        
             | artificialLimbs wrote:
             | I could not get my Latitude 5515 to sleep properly after
             | weeks of playing with it. I settled on a song and dance of
             | setting hibernate on and making sure I pull the power cord
             | out and wait a few seconds before closing the laptop. Works
             | every time and 'bootup' takes a few seconds.
        
             | mikepurvis wrote:
             | Interesting! Thanks for the pointer on that. This is a
             | work-issued computer, so I'm not sure I officially even
             | have BIOS/boot access on it, however the Dell Update
             | utility is telling me that I have a 1.21 BIOS update
             | waiting in the wings, so perhaps I'll install that and see
             | what happens. It would be hard to picture it getting any
             | worse, though I suppose the people updating to 1.3 thought
             | that too.
        
         | bryan0 wrote:
         | I stopped buying Dells ~10 years ago when my last one stopped
         | charging from the AC adapter. It used some hardware check to
         | determine whether it was using an "authentic" Dell AC adapter,
         | but if there was a failure with the check you were SOL.
        
         | 14 wrote:
         | I bought a $1000 plus gaming laptop for my son and exactly a
         | year and a month later the hinges bust off the thing. I am so
         | ticked off and will never buy another one. Too cheaply made and
         | the fact that it happened a month after warranty was the
         | kicker. I keep hearing my dad talking about companies designing
         | parts to last just long enough. They don't care if some people
         | claim warranty they have done the numbers and if it can last a
         | year they don't care. Sad.
        
         | sigstoat wrote:
         | > Funny I just saw this thread, today I learned that my
         | integrated (not removeable) XPS 15 9570 laptop battery
         | 
         | takes about 10 minutes and the correct screwdriver to replace
         | the battery on most every dell XPS laptop i've seen.
        
         | ksec wrote:
         | > The Internet is littered with complaints about dell PCs
         | failing after warranty, and how recalls are covered up on them
         | frequently.
         | 
         | Technology has advanced to the point where they can get some
         | components to fail soon after warranty period expired with
         | decent accuracy. Power unit failure tends to be a common one.
         | 
         | In terms of PC, your best bet is probably Framework laptop.
        
           | smt88 wrote:
           | > _Technology has advanced to the point where they can get
           | some components to fail soon after warranty period expired
           | with decent accuracy. Power unit failure tends to be a common
           | one._
           | 
           | Unless the hardware is designed to be damaged (or restricted)
           | by software, there's no way this is true. Technology can be
           | great, but you can't "program" hardware to die on a certain
           | date without knowing how it will be used, how long it will be
           | used, what temperatures it will operate in, etc.
           | 
           | And you're not even considering that the manufacturer has no
           | idea when the hardware will be sold and therefore doesn't
           | even know the date that the hardware "should" fail.
           | 
           | Unless you have some evidence that this is both possible and
           | happening, it's just a conspiracy theory.
        
             | dogma1138 wrote:
             | It's fairly easy you calculate the MTTF when you design
             | anything. That said it's probably not as malicious as
             | people might think their goal isn't to artificially lower
             | the MTTF to just beyond the warranty period but rather that
             | they don't put any effort in extending the MTTF beyond
             | that.
             | 
             | And really it's not that companies in the past did that
             | much better, it's just that in the past getting replacement
             | parts was easier and you had fewer integrated components.
             | Today everything is pretty much in a single package even
             | basic electric circuits like a bridge rectifier. So things
             | got smaller and are more likely to fail and they are harder
             | to replace.
        
               | smt88 wrote:
               | > _It's fairly easy you calculate the MTTF when you
               | design anything._
               | 
               | Where did I disagree with this?
               | 
               | What I'm saying is that MTTF is measured in _usage time_
               | , whereas warranties are measured in _calendar time_.
        
               | dogma1138 wrote:
               | Cycles under normal usage conditions aren't that hard to
               | calculate.
        
               | smt88 wrote:
               | The range of "normal" is massive for things like cars and
               | laptops.
               | 
               | Again, provide a source please. Otherwise this is just
               | unprovable speculation on your part for something that is
               | theoretically difficult in the first place.
        
             | porlw wrote:
             | It's not really a conspiracy, just the natural outcome of
             | design optimization - any part that still works reliably at
             | the end of the design lifespan is a candidate for cost
             | cutting in the next iteration.
        
               | smt88 wrote:
               | > _any part that still works reliably at the end of the
               | design lifespan is a candidate for cost cutting in the
               | next iteration_
               | 
               | This assumes a positive correlation between quality and
               | price for parts. That isn't always the case. There's no
               | reason a better part will be more expensive.
               | 
               | And again, you're ignoring my primary argument:
               | "lifespan" is not measurable in calendar years for
               | electronics. Some people I know use their laptops 360
               | hrs/mo, and some people (like me) only use them when
               | traveling, ~20 hrs/mo.
               | 
               | After a calendar year of that, my laptop has only 240 hrs
               | of life lost, while another laptop might have 4,000+ hrs
               | of life lost.
               | 
               | Please provide a source about how a hardware manufacturer
               | (without the aid of software) could plan for a component
               | to fail after either 240 hrs of usage or 4,000 hrs of
               | usage.
        
               | [deleted]
        
             | DeathArrow wrote:
             | >Unless you have some evidence that this is both possible
             | and happening, it's just a conspiracy theory.
             | 
             | It's quite easy and I think most manufacturers of
             | electronic devices, electric appliances and even cars are
             | doing it.
             | 
             | You just have to calculate what the average working time
             | during the warranty period and adjust the quality of
             | materials and the build quality so the MTBF is just a bit
             | higher than that time.
        
               | smt88 wrote:
               | > _even cars are doing it_
               | 
               | Cars are not doing it. Like I said: provide a source that
               | isn't your own suspicions and anecdata.
               | 
               | I am a shareholder of an auto insurance company, and our
               | actuaries would know if cars were doing it. There is a
               | lot of very high-quality data about vehicle reliability,
               | and major trends are very visible.
               | 
               | Car companies are often stupid and/or evil, but they
               | can't (and don't) precisely plan obsolescence. Car usage
               | is a huge bell curve, with the average American driving
               | ~15k miles/year, but large groups of people driving far
               | less or far more. You couldn't possibly plan a car to
               | fail at X years.
        
               | vortext wrote:
               | Car manufacturers usually set the warranty as 36
               | months/36,000 miles, for example. I'm not claiming that
               | this is the case, but it'd be far easier to plan for X
               | miles than years.
        
             | blihp wrote:
             | It could be from the standpoint of thermal design and
             | having a reasonable idea of how long components will last
             | at the temperatures they will typically run at.
             | Realistically, all you need is a capacitor or two to fail
             | in the ballpark to achieve that end with most customers.
             | Granted, one wouldn't be able to to say 'after exactly X
             | years of expected usage it will fail' but more likely be
             | able to say 'after no more than X years of expected usage
             | most units should fail'. Some heavy users would have theirs
             | fail early and the company might have to correct via a
             | warranty claim but that could easily be more than made up
             | for by the masses of other customers that arrive for
             | replacements roughly on schedule.
             | 
             | One doesn't even need to be that devious: just make
             | 'consumables' like batteries and flash drives not easily
             | replaceable nor easily sourced. Then just sit back and wait
             | for them to start failing. As long as most manufacturers
             | did this, you wouldn't have to worry about losing business
             | to your competitors due to the practice. Pretty sure you
             | can put a check mark next to most phone and laptop
             | manufacturers on that front these days.
             | 
             | This isn't unique to tech. A couple of real world examples
             | of planned obsolescence via designed-in failure modes:
             | incandescent lightbulb filaments were designed to fail
             | ~1000 hours of use (even though they could easily have
             | lasted far longer) and most clothes washers are designed to
             | fail after ~10 years (IIRC, manufacturers design a seal in
             | the tub to slowly disintegrate via your laundry detergent.)
        
               | lotsofpulp wrote:
               | > One doesn't even need to be that devious: just make
               | 'consumables' like batteries and flash drives not easily
               | replaceable nor easily sourced. Then just sit back and
               | wait for them to start failing. As long as most
               | manufacturers did this, you wouldn't have to worry about
               | losing business to your competitors due to the practice.
               | 
               | Based on the lack of profits from selling hardware in the
               | first place, it makes more sense to me that these lower
               | quality products are made with tradeoffs that result in a
               | lower price for their target audience. The grand
               | conspiracy idea, even if it were true, clearly did not
               | pan out considering the loss in market value for
               | basically every laptop brand other than Apple.
               | 
               | > This isn't unique to tech. A couple of real world
               | examples of planned obsolescence via designed-in failure
               | modes: incandescent lightbulb filaments were designed to
               | fail ~1000 hours of use (even though they could easily
               | have lasted far longer) and most clothes washers are
               | designed to fail after ~10 years (IIRC, manufacturers
               | design a seal in the tub to slowly disintegrate via your
               | laundry detergent.)
               | 
               | Source? Unless there was only 1 or 2 washing machine
               | manufacturers, it seems kind of trivial for a competing
               | company to sell the tub with a better seal with a longer
               | warranty. Once again, it is probably lower quality
               | products aimed for people who want to pay lower prices.
               | The speed queen or Miele washer with 5 year warranty is
               | available for those who want to spend for it.
               | 
               | Personally, I would rather buy a washing machine that
               | costs half as much from Costco which comes with a 4 year
               | warranty, and trash it when it breaks. If another
               | manufacturer wanted to sell a washer with a 5 year
               | warranty that cost the same, or a 10 year warranty that
               | cost less than double, I would be game for that.
               | 
               | The same situation for the light bulb. If there are
               | competing manufacturers, people would rather pay more to
               | not have to change light bulbs. Although, this depends on
               | how easy it is to change the bulb. For a parking lot
               | light needing a truck with a boom, I would spend double
               | to get a quality bulb with a better warranty. For a house
               | bulb I can change with a step ladder, I would rather pay
               | $2 and gamble on it lasting longer than a $4 bulb,
               | because even if it does fail after 1 year instead of 2
               | years, I am not going to spend my time warrantying a $4
               | item.
        
               | coryrc wrote:
               | Light bulbs lifetime was open collusion because longer-
               | lifetime lightbulbs are less efficient electrically.
               | Lifetime electricity cost for incandescents is much more
               | than purchase cost, so buying longer-lived bulbs costs
               | you money.
        
               | lotsofpulp wrote:
               | I do not see how that is collusion in the usual sense of
               | the world?
               | 
               | That is simply consumers opting for the better value,
               | making the sale of longer lifetime bulbs an uncompetitive
               | option.
        
               | formerly_proven wrote:
               | > incandescent lightbulb filaments were designed to fail
               | ~1000 hours of use (even though they could easily have
               | lasted far longer)
               | 
               | This is repeated a lot but not correct. All the "forever
               | incandescent" bulbs have one thing in common: they're
               | dim, and they have a very red color temperature. They
               | live long, _because_ their filaments are much colder. If
               | you want whiter light, and more of it (because lower
               | filament temperatures are less efficient, since they emit
               | even more infrared, as the entire spectrum is more red-
               | shifted and flatter), the only way with incandescent is a
               | higher filament temperature, which inherently lowers lamp
               | lifetime.
               | 
               | What changed, besides lifetime, when lamps went from
               | around 2000-3000 hours to 1000 hours is that they got way
               | brighter and more white. Which is what customers wanted.
        
               | asddubs wrote:
               | although it certainly is true these days, that the
               | average LED based bulb is pushing those LEDs hard, which
               | incidentally also makes them less efficient, rather than
               | just using more of them at the same wattage.
               | 
               | Check out the dubai lamp to see a lamp designed to be
               | efficient and last:
               | 
               | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=klaJqofCsu4
        
               | rasz wrote:
               | > clothes washers are designed to fail after ~10 years
               | (IIRC, manufacturers design a seal in the tub to slowly
               | disintegrate via your laundry detergent.)
               | 
               | Worse :( Seal can be easily replaced. They cast Drum
               | Support/Spider part from specially selected alloy with
               | curious property of easily Dissolving in washing powder
               | :)
               | 
               | https://www.google.com/search?tbm=isch&q=corroded+spider+
               | was... https://www.automaticwasher.org/cgi-bin/TD/TD-
               | VIEWTHREAD.cgi...
               | 
               | Drum spider corrodes and falls apart, incidentally it is
               | often the Only internal part not covered with anti
               | corrosion paint :), and drum itself is obviously
               | stainless. For comparison something like Miele is all
               | stainless.
               | 
               | Audi (VW group) 2.0 TDI BLB Engine is made to fail at
               | ~200K no matter what you do, from oil pump to head micro
               | fractures. Crankshaft sprocket at 200K http://lh6.ggpht.c
               | om/_m_33vQTtsxM/SyuSlFIeSXI/AAAAAAAAG9o/rt... http://lh3.
               | ggpht.com/_m_33vQTtsxM/SyuSn5YALLI/AAAAAAAAG9s/ul... http
               | ://lh3.ggpht.com/_m_33vQTtsxM/SyuSp1yUs4I/AAAAAAAAG9w/mO.
               | .. VW answer: this part is non serviceable, whole
               | crankshaft needs to be replaced :D Why is it made out of
               | putty while smaller sprocket (the one taking more force)
               | is still 'working'? Why is it designed not to be
               | replaceable? Good 'old timer/not by the book' mechanic is
               | still able to replace it (heat whole crankshaft, use big
               | hammer). 200K is usually first crankshaft turn/grind,
               | engine block itself is good for >500K easily.
        
             | ksec wrote:
             | >Unless you have some evidence that this is both possible
             | and happening, it's just a conspiracy theory.
             | 
             | we are close to 2022, this shouldn't really be a conspiracy
             | theory anymore
             | 
             | As some have mentioned Lightbulb is one of those prime
             | examples. Where vast majority of LED lightbulb offer say 10
             | years of warranty, and yet because manufactures know most
             | people dont bother sending them in, they cheap out on
             | quality. Most LED ( if not all LED ) dont fail at all, it
             | is the controller that fails, it is expensive and makes the
             | difference. As long as it last 3-4 years, no one is going
             | to complain. People will attribute this failure to bad luck
             | / QA and just buy another one.
             | 
             | As well as other mention of capacitor. One easiest way is
             | to get have Power Unit fail after 3-5 years, which seems
             | long enough for Consumer Electronics. Most dont go and
             | figure out it was X failure and just buy a new one.
             | Synology J series NAS power unit is an example of this.
             | 
             | Consumer Electronics has been doing this in China for over
             | a decade. There are reason why things are cheaper. And most
             | internet user are still stuck with "Spec" comparison as if
             | spec means everything.
             | 
             | >And you're not even considering that the manufacturer has
             | no idea when the hardware will be sold and therefore
             | doesn't even know the date that the hardware "should" fail.
             | 
             | Electronics get used when they are sold. MTBF since usage
             | in many cases can be extremely predictable.
             | 
             | There is another point to look at it, a lot of consumer
             | actually prefer to have CE fail within reasonable time so
             | they get an excuse to buy something new. The market for
             | some people like me who thinks something should last _at
             | least_ 10 - 20 years is ridiculously tiny. Although the buy
             | for life internet following is certainly helping a bit.
        
               | smt88 wrote:
               | > _As well as other mention of capacitor. One easiest way
               | is to get have Power Unit fail after 3-5 years, which
               | seems long enough for Consumer Electronics._
               | 
               | You're moving the goalposts here. You said that:
               | 
               | > _they can get some components to fail soon after
               | warranty period expired with decent accuracy_
               | 
               | But then you specifically mention a window of _2 years_.
               | From a business perspective, 2 years is not  "decent
               | accuracy".
        
               | ksec wrote:
               | I am pointing at normal circumstance with example for
               | Synology which is a decent brand. There are cases where
               | the accuracy is in _months_. Digital TV STB sold that
               | last only 9-12 months with a 6 months warranty. And all
               | it takes is using low quality capacitor in special batch.
               | 
               | And no, they dont ever reach the shore of US or EU unless
               | you other them via Aliexpress.
               | 
               | And you completely ignore the LED light bulb example
               | where evidence are given with respect to warranty and
               | lifetime usage.
        
         | sirius87 wrote:
         | > The Internet is littered with complaints about dell PCs
         | failing after warranty, and how recalls are covered up on them
         | frequently.
         | 
         | Not to divert from the topic, but I sometimes wonder how
         | companies on Twitter have their staff monitor tweets to get on
         | top of social media controversies started by random people
         | involving their brand (race, discrimination, etc.), while
         | giving a cold shoulder to paying customers complaining about
         | broken product features or design (with staple replies such as
         | "contact support" or "see warranty info").
        
           | Lhiw wrote:
           | The woke foke would lose their shit if they were told to
           | contact customer support.
        
         | gjs278 wrote:
         | the time it took you to write this post you could have bought
         | all the parts and assembled them yourself. you have the time.
        
         | credittw2021 wrote:
         | Dell quality and practices have been questionable for some
         | time.
         | 
         | Back in they day, they went out of their way to use non ATX
         | power supplies.
         | 
         | My first xps desktop was utterly incapable of having all of its
         | drive bays used without said drives cooking to premature
         | failure.
         | 
         | My current work XPS laptop will downclock to 800mhz when
         | chromium has hardware acceleration enabled. Other colleagues
         | have had multiple laptops replaced because theirs downclocked
         | when plugged into AC.
         | 
         | Dell is no better in quality than most of the MFGs who died in
         | the 90s and 00s.
         | 
         | (As a random aside, I loved how HP would use a nice ASUS mobo
         | and then trash everything else back in the day. We used to joke
         | those little cases were what an Antec 1080 pooped out)
        
           | easytiger wrote:
           | I've owned several XPS laptops.
           | 
           | For less than two days each.
           | 
           | All returned. The quality control is a joke and I more
           | wouldn't touch Dell with a bargepole.
           | 
           | One XPS 15 powered off every 5 minutes. One had a high
           | pitched whine. In one I had the keys were loose and not
           | fitted properly. In another the hinge was screwed and another
           | became inexplicably hot at idle to the point it was painful
           | to touch.
           | 
           | When I asked to return these they didn't even care why I was
           | returning them.
        
           | KennyBlanken wrote:
           | When did they stop using nonstandard PSUs?
           | 
           | Also, their motherboards are not a standard size.
           | 
           | At least they aren't pulling the crap HP does on the
           | enterprise side - requiring service contracts to access
           | firmware updates. This means there's financial incentive to
           | include bugs in component firmware now, to "fix" over time.
           | 
           | Oh yeah, and they also DRM'd drive caddies by integrating a
           | bunch of useless capacity indicator LEDs on the front of the
           | drive tray, because they want people to buy their stupidly
           | overpriced drives instead of buying caddies at $5/pop off
           | ebay and putting bulk-purchased drives in.
        
           | userbinator wrote:
           | _My current work XPS laptop will downclock to 800mhz when
           | chromium has hardware acceleration enabled._
           | 
           | That is at least partly Intel's fault for creating CPUs with
           | "configurable TDP-down" and the whole power limit thing. It
           | happens to Lenovos too. There are utilities that can stop
           | that from happening and let you use the full potential of the
           | hardware. There's some discussion about that here:
           | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=18425687
        
         | asddubs wrote:
         | you could give the framework laptop a shot, it's designed to be
         | easily repairable. otherwise maybe a thinkpad?
        
           | victor9000 wrote:
           | I was just about to recommend a framework. I've been running
           | Ubuntu on one from batch 1 and I couldn't be happier. Funny
           | enough, I also came from an XPS, and switched after realizing
           | that dell intends for their machines to be disposable. Now I
           | can upgrade and replace anything and everything and boy do I
           | ever love it.
        
           | crossroadsguy wrote:
           | Only if commenter is from USA.
        
             | Karsteski wrote:
             | Or Canada, actually.
        
             | DeathArrow wrote:
             | If he's from EU, he might try Pcspecialist as mentioned in
             | another comment.
        
         | rpgmaker wrote:
         | I've had to change the battery of every laptop I ever owned
         | after a year or two after warranty expires. Why would anyone
         | buy a laptop with a non removable battery? It's crazy.
        
           | jacquesm wrote:
           | Because the thin ones are all like that. They typically use
           | prismatic cells glued in place.
        
           | thinkmassive wrote:
           | Same goes for soldered SSDs, both components degrade with
           | use.
           | 
           | It's like buying a car with tires that last 50k miles, but if
           | you want to replace them you have to cut off the entire
           | drivetrain and weld on a new one. Technically possible but
           | only with excessive effort.
        
             | DeathArrow wrote:
             | >It's like buying a car with tires that last 50k miles, but
             | if you want to replace them you have to cut off the entire
             | drivetrain and weld on a new one.
             | 
             | I think that car manufacturers can borrow a lot of bad
             | ideas from IT: not being able to own a car, instead just
             | renting it from the company, artificially gimping it and
             | requiring a sum of money to "unlock the features".
        
               | vezycash wrote:
               | >requiring a sum of money to "unlock the features".
               | 
               | Tesla already did this
        
               | SyzygistSix wrote:
               | I feel like the more egregious example is BMW's
               | subscription model for heated seats. I think once you buy
               | the self-driving package, you get to keep it, along with
               | future updates. Sure, it's pricey but it's also an
               | incredible feature. The idea of being able to have your
               | car do the work on interstates sounds amazing, not that I
               | can afford it. If it required yearly payments and cost
               | extra to upgrade, that would be pretty bad, in my
               | opinion.
        
               | thinkmassive wrote:
               | For Tesla FSD you can pay a lump sum to unlock it
               | permanently, or you can pay a monthly fee. When I did the
               | math I recall it would take ~4.5 years to equal the lump
               | sum, although they say to expect price increases on the
               | monthly plan.
               | 
               | Tesla also has a monthly fee to unlock rear heated seats
               | in the Model 3.
        
               | SyzygistSix wrote:
               | >Tesla also has a monthly fee to unlock rear heated seats
               | in the Model 3.
               | 
               | I didn't realize. This kind of thing is really lame. In
               | my case it wouldn't matter at all but for some reason it
               | really rubs me the wrong way.
        
           | smt88 wrote:
           | > _Why would anyone buy a laptop with a non removable
           | battery? It 's crazy._
           | 
           | For me personally, it's because I never use my laptop without
           | it being plugged in. There's nowhere I would want to use my
           | laptop that I can't find an output (home, work, planes,
           | airports, friends' houses, etc.)
           | 
           | The only exception I can think of is when actively riding
           | public transit, but I never use my laptop in those
           | situations.
           | 
           | A lot of laptops are also bought by people's employers and
           | are a tiny cost that no one cares about (~$1,000 every 3
           | years for an employee making $300k+ in that amount of time).
           | They don't care if the battery degrades.
        
             | Gigachad wrote:
             | As long as the battery lasts long enough to last an hour or
             | two in a meeting room, its good enough. But now I work from
             | home permanently so that doesn't even matter. I'm glad
             | MacOS recognizes this and only charges up to 80% to
             | preserve the battery health if I ever did need it
             | 
             | The only time I ever cared about battery life on a laptop
             | was in highschool where it had to last all day without
             | being charged.
        
             | ahonhn wrote:
             | When the battery fails (or decides it has failed) you
             | probably won't be able to use the machine anymore unless
             | you can disconnect the battery.
        
         | ComputerGuru wrote:
         | The 9560/5520 battery was perfectly removable. I didn't know
         | they did away with that the next year.
        
       | _Microft wrote:
       | Abbreviations and some comments for those who are not quite
       | familiar with electronics:
       | 
       | BGA - Ball Grid Array[0], a way to mount integrated circuits (IC)
       | to a printed circuit board (PCB)[1].
       | 
       | TSSOP - Thin-shrink small outline package[2], a form factor of
       | ICs
       | 
       | 8L design - this means the PCB has eight layers, with some being
       | ground planes (that usually are just complete layers of copper
       | and thereby also spread heat which complicates heating up a
       | component for (de)soldering).
       | 
       | SMD - surface-mount device[3], the small form factor for
       | electronics parts that go directly onto a PCB, instead of e.g.
       | bulky resistors with wires coming out of them that are then
       | threaded through holes before being soldered on.
       | 
       | [0] https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ball_grid_array
       | 
       | [1] https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Printed_circuit_board
       | 
       | [2]
       | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small_outline_integrated_cir...
       | 
       | [3] https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surface-mount_technology
        
         | bserge wrote:
         | IPA - India Pale Ale, best thing to clean a PCB with,
         | especially after you've had a meal break right on top of it :D
        
           | gillesjacobs wrote:
           | I actually spilled a full glass of IPA in a mechanical
           | keyboard once. Ironically, used IPA 99% to clean it with the
           | "straw on switch stem" technique.
        
         | jve wrote:
         | IPA - Isopropyl alcohol, 99%
        
           | SamuelAdams wrote:
           | I'm from Michigan, 100% thought this was a beer.
        
       | fock wrote:
       | Good to see that there is some 21st century craft skills in the
       | west still (have only seen similar things from Asia on YT)
       | 
       | So, general question: where do you go to get the schematics?
       | (would come in handy so many times!)
        
         | snthd wrote:
         | >similar things from Asia on YT
         | 
         | Got any pointers?
        
           | fock wrote:
           | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bloCpO7baO8 - I might have
           | seen something similar on HN actually. Anyway, this is
           | basically the thing done above, just sold to repair shops for
           | a set of very common devices!
        
       | bserge wrote:
       | Yeah, it's sad that it would apparently bankrupt the company if
       | they used some sort of socket for the RAM (and CPU, and SSD).
       | 
       | Everything being soldered just shows how little people give a
       | fuck about the environment. Save a penny, fill a landfill, plenty
       | of kids to scavenge through all of that shit in their bleak
       | future.
        
       | lucb1e wrote:
       | What kind of jig is that? That thing is beautiful, I love the
       | copper color, but I don't even know what to google for ('copper
       | colored jig' doesn't do the trick). This is the thing I mean on
       | the right: https://gregdavill.github.io/posts/dell-xps13-ram-
       | upgrade/im...
        
         | extrapickles wrote:
         | Its probably a HT-90X or similar reballing kit.
         | 
         | They are generally made out of aluminum and anodized various
         | colors.
        
         | asddubs wrote:
         | I mean jig is a pretty generic term. i searched for reballing
         | jig and found it pretty quickly on aliexpress:
         | 
         | https://de.aliexpress.com/item/1005001617899659.html?spm=a2g...
         | 
         | on ddg images there were also several results for a site called
         | dhgate.com that were cheaper, but no idea if that site's legit
        
           | lucb1e wrote:
           | > I mean jig is a pretty generic term
           | 
           | Yeah I realized, but I didn't know a better term for it. Not
           | a native speaker, but I also couldn't think of anything in
           | Dutch so... Thanks for the link!
        
       | newbie789 wrote:
       | This is genuinely impressive and a wonderful write up! Dear lord,
       | what a Herculean task
        
       | georgeoliver wrote:
       | Great write-up, went to 11 at
       | 
       | > Lastly, and this is definitely overkill. I had a dentist take
       | an xray of the new and old parts.
        
         | anemic wrote:
         | I did not know dentists offer such a service but i'm still a
         | bit hesitant to ask at my next checkup.
        
           | rfrey wrote:
           | I think this is more "my neighbour and buddy who happens to
           | be a dentist" versus "my dentist who happened to ask about my
           | hobby".
        
           | userbinator wrote:
           | Depends on your relationship with the dentist, and the
           | specific one. I'v heard of others getting their dentist to
           | xray small things for them, either for free or a nominal fee.
        
       | DeathArrow wrote:
       | I've been reading through comments and many are complaining about
       | planned obsolescence of laptops, lackluster build quality and
       | lack of upgradeability.
       | 
       | If law makers don't want or can't stand up for consumers, it is
       | for consumers to stand up for themselves.
       | 
       | Vote with our wallets, make bad publicity for badly behaving
       | manufacturers, support good manufacturers.
       | 
       | Use crowdsourcing and make a Wikipedia like resource with good
       | and bad experience regarding devices.
        
         | system2 wrote:
         | HN community is very small. We are conscious but average
         | customer isn't. They will still buy HP printers, super
         | expensive Apple products that can't be fixed easily (yeah yeah
         | the new Self Repair), or anything they sell at BestBuy. We just
         | need to be careful, we can't save everyone.
         | 
         | I am voting with my wallet and buy the right stuff. If other's
         | don't learn from other's mistakes, so be it.
        
         | anuvrat1 wrote:
         | I hate to say this, but "Vote with your wallet" assumes that
         | consumers are rational and companies are honest, which isn't
         | happening.
         | 
         | In the current scenario, voting with our wallets wouldn't get
         | us far and lawmakers should step in real hard or else we would
         | keep getting "paper/metal straw" solutions for complex problems
         | like endangered aquatic life.
        
           | [deleted]
        
       | jeffybefffy519 wrote:
       | I wonder if some day we will get a DRAM board specification thats
       | smaller then SODIMM.
        
         | csdvrx wrote:
         | It could be done simply with Pogo pins, or like for cpus a long
         | time ago, ZIF sockets
        
           | mschuster91 wrote:
           | ZIF sockets likely would be _extremely_ challenging in terms
           | of mechanical integrity at high pin density and EMF radiation
           | hardening. Not worth the effort, sadly.
        
           | joe_guy wrote:
           | I believe one issue with all of those is they go through all
           | layers of the PCB. Not sure if surface mount sockets exist?
        
             | csdvrx wrote:
             | Think in 3D: I never said the Pogo should be under the chip
             | in one 2d plane.
             | 
             | They could be on the sides at an angle, and the chip in a
             | "hole" cut in the PCB
        
               | jacquesm wrote:
               | That would probably not work, those chips have ground
               | planes under them for cooling purposes.
        
               | csdvrx wrote:
               | RAM remains passively cooled to this day, so some thermal
               | pads diffusing the heat to the metal case might be enough
        
               | joe_guy wrote:
               | I'm having difficulty picturing this. Can you point to an
               | example?
               | 
               | What's the reliability like on a socket like that to a
               | decade of bumps?
        
             | starky wrote:
             | I don't think they are available as standard components,
             | but there are companies out there that make sockets for
             | mounting DRAM chips to allow for debugging.
        
         | ksec wrote:
         | That was my question as well when looking at how much space
         | SODIMM requires on the Framework laptops. Although I am not
         | entirely sure if there is a market for it. Part of the reason (
         | or benefits ) for going soldered Memory and NAND is assembly
         | automation in production line.
        
       | gab007 wrote:
       | Not an electronics engineer, but have enjoyed the read. If you
       | can pull this off, more power to you.
       | 
       | With soldered storage and RAM onto the boards becoming nowadays
       | fairly common, the author can probably open up a business and do
       | this as a side-job or full time!
       | 
       | Add Chromebooks into the mix, and you'll probably have customers.
        
         | lostgame wrote:
         | >> With soldered storage and RAM onto the boards becoming
         | nowadays fairly common, the author can probably open up a
         | business and do this as a side-job or full time!
         | 
         | Especially if they can figure out how to upgrade certain Mac
         | models.
        
       | floatboth wrote:
       | > Remember how I mentioned that the schematic specified 2133Mbps?
       | Well the LPDDR3 from my old mainboard was only rated at 1866Mbps
       | 
       | Desktop DDR4 can be overclocked by _a lot_ , surely the 1866
       | rated ICs would work completely fine at 2133...
        
         | randombits0 wrote:
         | Say you're inexperienced and have a 20% chance of screwing the
         | pooch each time you attempt this. I wouldn't risk it.
        
       | cesarb wrote:
       | > So as a final step I fired up memtest86.
       | 
       | Doesn't Dell have a built-in hardware tester in the BIOS (press
       | F12 for the one-time boot menu, then choose its option), complete
       | with a memory tester? Or is that only on the more professional
       | Latitude/Optiplex lines? The built-in tester would have the
       | advantage of also testing other parts of the board.
        
       | filmgirlcw wrote:
       | I love this. I wish I had enough faith in my solder skills (or
       | all the equipment on hand) to attempt anything like this, but I
       | love seeing other people do it successfully!
        
       | fithisux wrote:
       | I personally would avoid soldered ram. If you ask a software
       | engineer this is against Open/Closed principle.
       | 
       | It is an unecessary bad practice against the benefit of the user
       | no matter what companies claim.
        
         | kube-system wrote:
         | We've slowly been removing socketed components in laptops for
         | 30 years. Soldering irons aren't DRM, they're just require some
         | tools and skill.
        
         | wildzzz wrote:
         | If the majority of your sales are intended for businesses that
         | plan to constantly buy new laptops, it makes perfect
         | engineering sense to just solder the ram to reduce costs. You
         | also have to balance MTBF, the costs of rework, and the length
         | of the warranty, these are all decisions engineers make when
         | building products. You could make a laptop with components that
         | should last 15 years, a modular design, and a plan to build
         | replacements for years after but you'd end up with really
         | expensive laptop that few would be interested in buying.
         | Obviously engineers should strive for sustainability and not
         | being hostile to diy repairs but I know who signs my paycheck
         | and it's not XPS or Thinkpad enthusiasts on the internet.
        
         | vinay427 wrote:
         | > unecessary bad practice against the benefit of the user
         | 
         | Are there not noticeable battery life consequences of socketed
         | RAM? From what I can tell, and I'm sure others here would know
         | more, this often comes up as a reason for the battery life of
         | the Framework laptop (or other socketed RAM portable laptops)
         | compared to similar laptops with soldered RAM.
        
         | MichaelBurge wrote:
         | Why is RAM special and not CPU cache, floating point
         | coprocessors, integrated graphics?
         | 
         | They moved FPU onto the CPU 30 years ago and that wasn't a big
         | deal to FSF people.
        
       | sschueller wrote:
       | "But next time I think I'll just buy the 16GB variant upfront."
       | 
       | Next time don't buy from a company that forces you to spend the
       | maximum if you want to use your laptop after 3 years.
       | 
       | I am hopping but not expecting that this chip shortage will force
       | vendors to make systems more modular again as they can't get
       | enough ram/disk out of the get go. Wouldn't that be a nice world
       | where you can upgrade your laptop or desktop PC yourself?
        
         | vadfa wrote:
         | There aren't many options for Windows laptops.
        
           | vladvasiliu wrote:
           | There are HP laptops with user-replaceable RAM, such as the
           | Pro and Elite Books. The 13" ones are comparable to the XPS
           | line in terms of size / weight / performance. I don't have
           | experience with the other sizes.
           | 
           | The top panel being metal is also nicer in my opinion than
           | the weird sticky thing on the XPS.
           | 
           | The company I work for uses those, and they don't seem to
           | have any issues with them.
        
         | zdqdqzd wrote:
         | Honestly it's quite his fault by choosing the XPS 13, an ultra
         | portable. Take the XPS 15, it's the best compromise between
         | portability and repairability. I have a 9750 or something and
         | chose it because it was just the most repairable laptop at the
         | time. You could replace ram and disk for sure, but also buy new
         | fans directly from Dell, or new hinges, a new battery, a
         | motherboard, you name it. Remove a few screws and you have
         | access to everything, easy to mount and dismount.
         | 
         | So no, the company didn't force him, he just went for
         | portability.
        
           | vwoolf wrote:
           | It's his fault for buying a product being sold with defects
           | that are apparently known to insiders?
           | 
           | This kind of shit makes me hope Framework succeeds.
        
         | AshamedCaptain wrote:
         | Actually, the trend is to put the RAM inside the main chip
         | itself so as to avoid those pesky latency and area-costly PCB
         | traces. The performance improvements this allows are hard to
         | resist and some manufacturers are already falling in (e.g.
         | Apple). And I guess the side effect of making upgrades
         | impossible is nice, too.
        
           | mciancia wrote:
           | Is there actually noticably lower latency when going from
           | sodimm/on MB RAM to memory integrated in SoC? I would expect
           | bottlenecks to be somewhere else, not in those few extra
           | centimeters of traces
        
             | formerly_proven wrote:
             | > Is there actually noticably lower latency when going from
             | sodimm/on MB RAM to memory integrated in SoC?
             | 
             | No.
             | 
             | But it's easier and lower power to run higher bus
             | frequencies for higher bandwidths. Same goes for bus width.
        
             | phire wrote:
             | There isn't any latency reduction on the M1, Apple use the
             | exact same 4,266 MT/s LPDDR4X that can be found soldered
             | onto the motherboards on a few window's laptops, and they
             | are just using the stock timings.
             | 
             | I think the main reason Apple are doing it is to simplify
             | their motherboard PCB design and make the design more
             | compact.
        
             | AshamedCaptain wrote:
             | Look at Apple's or HBM benchmarks. Also, it's not just the
             | length, but the extra contact points, the "safety" margins
             | for it all (to allow some extra routing distance for
             | lazier/complicated mobo design), etc. all force you to a
             | lower frequency, which also reduces bandwidth.
             | 
             | (IMHO, I would not trade off modularity for that. But the
             | public disagrees.)
        
               | floatboth wrote:
               | Apple uses the exact same LPDDR4x that others route
               | through the mainboard, in stock JEDEC spec, so they don't
               | really get performance advantages from memory on package.
        
               | AshamedCaptain wrote:
               | It's the chipset & CPU that have to slowdown to account
               | for the extra cost to reach it, hidden in whatever stage
               | you call it -- even if the actual DRAM chips may be the
               | same. They're the dumbest part in this entire diagram.
               | 
               | Also, they benefit from larger bus widths, lower power,
               | etc. https://www.anandtech.com/show/16252/mac-mini-
               | apple-m1-teste... ( despite this being DDR4 I have to go
               | to DDR5-systems to find similar bandwidth & latency
               | results ) ,
               | https://www.anandtech.com/show/17024/apple-m1-max-
               | performanc... and
               | https://www.anandtech.com/show/17024/apple-m1-max-
               | performanc... ( I have to go quad-channel DDR5 or HBM to
               | find similar results elsewhere)
        
             | Stevvo wrote:
             | Yes, when you get to the very high frequencies of modern
             | RAM, physical distance is significant. For years
             | overclockers have been using mini-ITX motherboards to get
             | the RAM closer to the CPU for higher frequencies.
        
               | floatboth wrote:
               | ITX usage was never about trace length, it's about having
               | a 2-DIMM board for running 2 sticks - Unoccupied DIMM
               | sockets are terrible!
               | 
               | These days we have the luxury of overclocking boards that
               | are 2-DIMM in ATX form factor.
        
           | rasz wrote:
           | You bought into Apple marketing. Speed of signal in copper
           | ~20cm per 1ns. 5-7cm of extra track length to a slot would
           | not hurt anything.
        
             | AshamedCaptain wrote:
             | Oh my god, did you just discredit the entire field of EDA
             | place & route in just one sentence? This is not your usual
             | 20MHz bus. These are signals that switch at 2, 3, 4 GHz,
             | and there are a shitton of effects that get in the way and
             | limit how fast you can toggle a (longer) wire. Or at least
             | significantly alter the power vs latency vs speed vs noise
             | tradeoffs.
             | 
             | (and no, I most certainly did not buy into apple marketing,
             | since I'm pointing that as a negative)
        
               | rasz wrote:
               | Did you miss the part where Apple is clocking those chips
               | at same speeds as normal DDR4? Closer placement did not
               | result in lower latency nor higher speeds. Apple M1 is
               | same situation as RPI foundation using POP ram. Requires
               | fewer pcb layers, simplifies layout, lowers cost and as a
               | bonus gives assured future sales due to forced
               | obsolescence. I didnt dismiss anything, I simply know
               | physics and have some experience in high speed layout.
        
           | dehrmann wrote:
           | Is Intel making SoCs like this yet? All the Core, Pentium,
           | etc. CPUs I've seen are still just CPUs. True Apple is doing
           | this, and ARM Chromebooks probably do it, too.
        
             | AshamedCaptain wrote:
             | Intel also makes it, kinda:
             | https://www.anandtech.com/show/16195/a-broadwell-
             | retrospecti...
        
       | pugworthy wrote:
       | Back when I was a kid, we un-soldered the original Mac 128 memory
       | and upgrading to 512k...
        
         | rasz wrote:
         | As described in Dr.Dobb's Journal Volume 10, Number 1, January,
         | 1985
         | http://dserver.macgui.com/Dr%20Dobbs%20Fatten%20Your%20Mac%2...
        
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